第一篇：南京城墻導(dǎo)游詞（范文）

南京城墻導(dǎo)游詞

南京明城墻是“人窮其謀、地盡其險、天造地設(shè)”，此言不虛。下面是，僅供大家參考。

篇一：南京城墻導(dǎo)游詞

各位游客，我們現(xiàn)在來到了中華門城堡。城是人類社會由野蠻向文明發(fā)展的標(biāo)志之一。城在古代是重要的戰(zhàn)略、防御工事。也是人類生活的基本空間屏障。我國有三千年的建城史，有兩千多座大小城池。建于600多年前至今基本保存完好的南京城垣全長33。676公里，比巴黎城墻還要長，是世界至今保存最好最大的都城城垣，是全國重要文物保護(hù)單位。1356年朱元璋攻下元朝統(tǒng)治的“集慶路”，改名“應(yīng)天”，他聽取了謀士朱升的建議“高筑墻，廣積糧，緩稱王”。花費21年的時間興建了這城池。

當(dāng)年朱元璋在修筑明城墻的時候，用了黃金600萬兩，這樣的巨資一半是由國庫所撥款，另外一半是由江南的富戶攤派的。而江南首富，沈萬三認(rèn)領(lǐng)了將近三分之一的建城費用。

修城所用的磚都是來自湖南、湖北、江西、江蘇、安徽五省，由20多萬工匠燒制。使用五省燒制的城磚3。5億塊，磚的規(guī)格長40cm、寬20cm、厚10cm、重約15-20kg。每塊磚的側(cè)面都刻有燒磚工匠、提調(diào)官等人的名字以及燒制時間等字樣，以示責(zé)任到人，也正因為如此嚴(yán)格的責(zé)任制才使600多年前的這座明城墻歷經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火依然保留至今。城墻上的字揩書、行書、草書、篆書、隸書均可見到，刻字方法有陰刻和陽刻，城磚上的字?jǐn)?shù)最多的達(dá)69字。南京明城墻中還使用了六朝、南唐舊城磚。

南京城墻的建設(shè)可分為四個階段，第一階段是對六朝和南唐以來遺留下來的部分舊城加以整修和擴(kuò)建，疏浚河道;第二階段是與鳳陽中都并建時期，對舊城垣維修加固，并向北拓寬到江邊;第三階段是集中南京建成，改造聚寶、三山、通濟(jì)等城門，這時南京城已初顯規(guī)模;第四階段開始修建外廓，周長百里，有外城門十八座。

朱元璋于1366年到1386年建造南京城垣，建造的這座城堡打破了傳統(tǒng)建筑中軸方位對稱的模式，而是因地制宜，負(fù)山繞水，采取沿崗垅之脊筑城;利用天然河湖，挖土方填充城墻形成高城深壕，以實戰(zhàn)的需要而建造的。明京城形狀似葫蘆(又說似芭蕉扇)南北長10千米，東西長5。67千米。數(shù)十萬人耗時21年建的南京城垣，周長33。676千米(今存23。743千米)。南京城墻高14-26M，城基寬14M，上寬4-9M;外層墻上設(shè)有雉堞(箭垛)13616個，藏兵洞200多座。除崗丘外，城下部以石灰石條石為礎(chǔ)，上部砌城磚，砌磚用蓼草漿、石灰、細(xì)沙、桐油拌成的夾漿粘合。明城墻之所以600年屹立不倒，正是因為使用了這種黏合劑。

城墻的頂部用磚砌成外高內(nèi)低的斜坡，城墻兩邊內(nèi)側(cè)有水槽。女墻每間隔60米，就設(shè)一個出挑70cm的石水槽，將城墻上的水排到城內(nèi)石明洞，再由排水溝將水排出城外。這個排水系統(tǒng)同時也可以將城內(nèi)地面澇水排出城外。

“內(nèi)十三，外十八，城門栓子向外插?！边@句南京的諺語正好說出了南京的城門數(shù)目。南京城十三個城門可以用清朝吳敬梓的歌訣來說：“三山聚寶連通濟(jì)，洪武朝陽達(dá)太平，神策金川臨鐘阜，儀風(fēng)(定)淮清(涼)到石城”，甕城有一甕、二甕、三甕;外郭設(shè)門18座，由于外廓的城門多是由黃土夯制，民間俗稱“土城頭”，因此沒有保留至今的的外廓城門;但如堯化門、麒麟門、仙鶴門、安德門、江東門等仍舊做為地名使用。

中華門城堡原名叫“聚寶門”，因為正對著城南的聚寶山而得名，1931年因在它的北面修了一條中華路，而更名為“中華門”。這門上的三個字，是蔣介石先生手書的。中華門是內(nèi)外秦淮河距離最近的地方，地勢極為險要，易守難攻，能起到一夫當(dāng)關(guān)，萬夫莫開的作用。城堡南北長129米，寬118米，占地一萬六千五百多平方米。中華門一城三甕，它的平面呈一個“目”字型，兩側(cè)有二道登城馬道，城堡內(nèi)有27個藏兵洞。

中華門城堡由三個甕城組成，8。5米高的內(nèi)城墻將城堡內(nèi)三座甕城相連，三道甕城形成“目”字型封閉格局。城堡的東西兩側(cè)，有兩條寬11米的登城馬道，是戰(zhàn)時運送軍用物資上城的快道，也是將領(lǐng)驅(qū)馬直上的通道。馬道、內(nèi)墻使守兵可居高四面向下攻擊，令突入之?dāng)碂o處遁逃。在中華門城堡內(nèi)，有27個大大小小的藏兵洞，藏兵洞是供士兵休息及擺放一些備戰(zhàn)的物資的地方，南面第一道城門的底層兩側(cè)各有3個，登城馬道下各有7個藏兵洞，第二層還有7個藏兵洞，可以藏兵3000。在從兩側(cè)的馬道繼續(xù)走，可以到達(dá)第三層平臺，明代時第三層上建有鏑樓，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)看不到了，它毀于日本侵略者的戰(zhàn)火。現(xiàn)為平坦樓臺。中華門城堡每道甕城都有一門一閘。每道拱式門都是雙扇鐵皮包裹的木質(zhì)大門，洞內(nèi)設(shè)有可以上下啟動的千斤閘，每道甕城上正中原原都設(shè)有一個小城樓，樓內(nèi)有升降千斤閘的絞盤車，現(xiàn)在升降千斤閘的絞盤車已無存?，F(xiàn)在城門洞兩側(cè)可以見到從底到頂寬20厘米的石槽就是當(dāng)年升降千斤閘的長槽。但我們?nèi)稳豢梢韵胂蟪觯诶浔鲿r代。敵軍攻破城門，涌入城內(nèi)，城門里的千斤閘就會迅速降落，切斷敵人退路，將敵軍困在甕城之中，然后藏兵洞中伏兵四出，或萬千齊放，或礌石滾木齊下，殲敵于封死的甕中，恰如“關(guān)門打狗”“甕中捉鱉”

中華門城堡在軍事上是古城的一大屏障，對守護(hù)南京起著重要作用，西有外秦淮，西南至北為長江，故此門極為重要。1853年太平天國洪秀全率太平天國起義軍和清軍的一次次激戰(zhàn)、1911年辛亥革命時期江浙聯(lián)軍司令徐紹楨指揮部隊與張勛的清軍殊死搏斗、最驚心動魄的是抗日戰(zhàn)爭中的南京保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，國民黨將領(lǐng)唐生智率領(lǐng)守軍84師頂住了日軍30多次進(jìn)攻，與日軍展開肉搏戰(zhàn)譜寫了中華民族的正氣之歌。中華門城堡西面還有沈萬三故居。研究古代京城的宮城、皇城、京城、外郭可以了解古人生活的都城及建城的思想觀念有重要意義。

篇二：南京城墻導(dǎo)游詞

南京城的城墻高度一般在14米到21米之間，城基的寬度為14米左右，頂部的寬度在4米到9米之間。大部分的城墻都先用花崗巖或石灰?guī)r的條石做基礎(chǔ)，上面再用大磚壘砌內(nèi)外兩壁和頂部，內(nèi)外壁之間常用碎磚，礫石和黃土層層夯實。城墻頂部和內(nèi)外兩壁的磚縫里，都澆灌一種“夾漿”。這種夾漿用石灰，糯米汁(或高粱汁)或再加桐油摻和而成，凝固后粘著力很強，使城墻能夠經(jīng)久不壞。墻頂用磚鋪成地面并砌成“雉堞”(指城墻頂部靠外一側(cè)的鋸齒狀矮墻)，并有石制的泄水槽以排出雨水。城基部分每隔一定距離也設(shè)有排水洞，將城墻內(nèi)側(cè)的積水排出城外。因此，南京城的基礎(chǔ)工程和防護(hù)工程都是比較牢固的，故能屹立至今600多年之久。城墻現(xiàn)存21。35公里，仍然是我國最大的一座磚城，并被定為全國重點文物保護(hù)單位。

現(xiàn)存南京明城墻為應(yīng)天府城即京城，城門計有13座，水關(guān)兩座。城墻上還有垛口13616個，窩鋪200座，以供軍事防守之用。在城的中央還建有鐘樓和鼓樓。

這13座城門的上部，都建有高聳的城樓，而以聚寶門最為雄偉。聚寶，三山和通濟(jì)三座城門各有城墻四道，每兩道之間的空間稱為“甕城”，可作為戰(zhàn)時的防守之用。聚寶門是這些城門中最堅固的一個，城樓以下部分基本保存完整，而且有所謂“藏軍洞”的特殊設(shè)施。“藏軍洞”實際上就是里端封閉的磚券門洞，在戰(zhàn)時可供兵士休息和用來存放軍事物資。這種“藏軍洞”在聚寶門最南一道的城墻上計有兩層共13個，左右兩側(cè)的城墻下部又各有7個，加起來有27個。據(jù)說，每洞可容納兵士100人以上，共可藏兵達(dá)3000人以上。這種設(shè)施在我國古代的其他大城中是極為少見的。每座城門都有內(nèi)外兩道門，外面一道是從城頭上放下來的“千斤閘”，具有堅固的防御作用;里面一道則是木質(zhì)再加鐵皮做成的兩扇大門。在平時，行人車馬都從城門洞里通過。

南京明城墻的防，排水系統(tǒng)科學(xué)適用，功能包括城垣自身防，排水和對城區(qū)的防，排水兩部分。城墻填層上部，采用桐油，石灰，黃工拌合的灰漿封頂夯實，厚約1—2米，在其上面和沿墻體兩側(cè)直至墻根用灰漿砌筑5—10余層城磚;墻體頂面設(shè)置了石質(zhì)排水明溝，在其明溝約50米距離設(shè)置石質(zhì)出水槽將水排出墻體。城區(qū)的防，排水系統(tǒng)，主要是利用城墻底部設(shè)置的水關(guān)，涵閘。在秦淮河出，入口處分別建有東水關(guān)和西水關(guān)，水關(guān)設(shè)有閘門3道，前后2道為木閘門，中間設(shè)鐵柵門以防潛水入城之?dāng)?。東水關(guān)內(nèi)側(cè)還設(shè)有33座甕洞，分為3層(上面兩層為藏兵洞)，下層(中洞可通船)通水。此外，還設(shè)有金川河閘，玄武湖的“通心水壩”(即武廟閘)，前湖的半山園閘與琵琶湖的琵琶閘等多處涵閘。這些涵閘，設(shè)有銅，鐵管和銅水閘，只能進(jìn)水不可進(jìn)人，設(shè)計巧妙，結(jié)構(gòu)合理。

篇三：南京城墻導(dǎo)游詞

“城門城門幾丈高?三十六丈高。騎白馬，帶把刀，城門底下走一遭?！蔽覐男∠矚g明城墻，周末總要纏著爸爸帶我去城墻上玩。幾年時間，我玩遍了南京的各處城墻及城門，它給我的課余生活帶來了許多樂趣。

有一次，爸爸帶我經(jīng)過富貴山隧道附近時，我突然眼睛一亮，發(fā)現(xiàn)前面露出了少許城墻。我們順著城墻根，騎車緩緩前行，然后順著一級一級的臺階走下去，如詩如畫的琵琶湖如世外桃源般出現(xiàn)在我們眼前。帶著“柳暗花明又一村”的驚喜，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)琵琶湖的四面除了入口，其他都被城墻圍了起來，我想在古代這應(yīng)該是個易守難攻的軍事要塞吧!

還有一次，我們在一座城墻下發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個隱蔽的洞口，里面可黑了。好奇的我堅持要爸爸帶手電筒陪我進(jìn)洞瞧瞧。帶著既害怕又好奇的心情，我們曲折前行，有些地方要彎腰才能通過，十幾分鐘后才到盡頭。后來，我才知道這是明城墻所特有的藏兵洞，每個藏兵洞能容納一百多名士兵呢，真想不到古人設(shè)計城墻時考慮得這么周全呀!在城墻的城磚上我還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多字或符號，還有鬼臉，真有趣。

親愛的朋友，如果你也喜歡南京明城墻的話，就和我一起去探究吧!

第二篇：西安城墻導(dǎo)游詞

西安城墻是我國中世紀(jì)機(jī)后期歷史上最著名的城垣之一，也是我國古代城垣中至今保存最完整的一處，下面是關(guān)于西安城墻導(dǎo)游詞范文的內(nèi)容，歡迎閱讀！西安城墻導(dǎo)游詞

大家早上好！歡迎大家來到古城西安，很高興認(rèn)識大家，我是你們本次的導(dǎo)游，我叫許晨軒，大家叫我許導(dǎo)或晨軒就可以了。下面讓我們開始西安古城墻之旅吧！

首先，我給大家簡單介紹一下西安古城墻，西安古城墻又稱為西安明城墻，位于陜西省西安市中心區(qū)，墻高12米，頂寬12-14米，底寬15-18米，輪廓呈封閉的長方形，周長13.74千米。城墻內(nèi)人們習(xí)慣稱為古城區(qū)，面積11.32平方千米，著名的西安鐘鼓樓就位于古城中心。

請大家緊跟我不要掉隊，我們前面的是城墻的主城門，像這樣的城門共有四座：我們面前的長樂門（東門）；還有永寧門（南門）；安定門（西門），安遠(yuǎn)門（北門）。它們四座城門作為明城墻的原有城門，因當(dāng)時的軍事，防御需要，都是單門洞，且都修建了三道城墻，兩道城墻之間又形成了翁城。至今為止，四座城門中除永寧門外，其余三座城門都只剩下兩道城墻。

好了，下面是大家自由活動的時間，請大家一個小時后在這里集合。

本次游覽結(jié)束，感謝大家對我工作的支持，謝謝大家，祝大家身體健康，萬事如意，以后有緣再見。

西安城墻，是古都西安的標(biāo)志性景觀?，F(xiàn)存的城墻建于明朝初年，是中國現(xiàn)存最完整的古城墻。城墻總周長約14公里，是在唐代皇城的基礎(chǔ)上建成的，包括護(hù)城河、角樓等一系列設(shè)施。

目前西安城墻共有八處可以登城，分別是：東門(長樂門)、南門(永寧門)、西門(安定門)、北門(安遠(yuǎn)門)、含光門、文昌門、和平門、尚德門，游客可以就近登城。其中南門是西安城的迎賓門，也是游客選擇最多登城的一個門。

除了步行，在城墻上騎自行車是一種很不錯的游覽方式，在騎行中，你會有一種時光穿越的感覺。目前在東、南、西、北等四門都有租借自行車服務(wù)，騎行結(jié)束后在上述任一門都可以返還自行車(景區(qū)規(guī)定會有變化，建議租借時再咨詢確定)。同時這四個門還提供觀光車環(huán)繞服務(wù)，你可以乘坐觀光電動車，在城墻上繞城一圈，全程約50分鐘。

在西安城墻游覽，還有機(jī)會觀賞到一些特有的演出活動，如仿古開城儀式展演、城墻民俗展演，演出地點都在南門，具體演出時間可參照網(wǎng)站或電話咨詢。

敵臺明代擴(kuò)建后的西安城墻，每隔120米修敵臺一座，突出在城墻之外，頂與城墻面平，是專為射殺爬城的敵人設(shè)置的。敵臺之間距離的一半，恰好在弓箭的有效射程之內(nèi)，便于從側(cè)面射殺攻城的敵人。城墻上共有敵臺98座，上面都建有駐兵的敵樓。正樓(城樓)、箭樓、閘樓冷兵器時代武器落后，城門又是唯一的出入通道，因而這里是守城者苦心經(jīng)營的防御重點。西安城東、西、南、北四座城門，分別有正樓、箭樓、閘樓三重城樓。閘樓在最外，其作用是升降吊橋;箭樓在中，正面和兩側(cè)設(shè)有方形窗口，供射箭用;正樓在最里面，是城的正門。角樓西安城墻四角都有突出城外的角臺。除西南角是圓形(可能是為了保持唐皇城轉(zhuǎn)角原狀)外，其它的角臺都是方形的。角臺上修有比敵臺更為高大的“角樓”，表明了這里在戰(zhàn)爭中的重要地位。

第三篇：西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞

西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞

西安城墻是明朝出年在明太祖朱元璋的政策“高筑墻、廣積糧、緩稱王”的指導(dǎo)下，在唐皇城的基礎(chǔ)上建成的。下面是西安城墻景點導(dǎo)游詞，希望可以幫到大家。

篇一：西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞

All visitors:

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put “the eighth wonder of the world,” Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.You must want to know what the real meaning of the city wall is.The word “city wall” was originally derived from the word “city”.“City” according to the “Shuowen” explains, phonetic loan characters “Sheng”, “Sheng” is satisfied that the people, so the original meaning of the word “city” is soil around the people and country, which leads to the walls of righteousness.Known as the backbone of the Chinese nation's “the Great Wall city” Yu, is also the meaning of the wall.Just later with the development of society, the word “city” also contains the interpretation of today's city.“City” first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty of Jin Wenzhong, see the physical embodiment of the military use of the ancient city wall from the shape.Military role of walls is protecting private ownership, and in ideology, wall body size and patriarchal clan system strictly reflect.Obviously the ruler is to create the wall, use it to protect themselves, that paul.Now we see the walls of Xi'an, is one of the most famous Chinese wall construction history.It from the Ming Hong Wu for three years(year 1370)Zhu Yuanzhang, issued an edict to repair the city to start, to Hong Wu eleven years(1378 AD)completed, which lasted 8 years is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the imperial city building expansion and, after successive repairs, basically maintained complete feudal society the walls of the building appearance, reflecting the outstanding achievement of Chinese ancient fortification technology.Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen(Simon)Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.篇二：西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that “such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.” So from the Ming Hong Wu for three years(year 1370)Xiazhao repair the city commenced, took eight years to complete, is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the Imperial City, to the North East, each expansion of the 1 / 4 points to build a form today's walls.Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

First of all we see is the moat, also called the “moat”, it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum--reminders “.Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.Between the gate and building the watchtower, the formation of the half space, we called the barbican.Its role is if the enemy invaded the gates into the urn, when attacked by 4 urn face condescending, like wengzhongzhuobie.We can see on the opposite side of the building is building, it is the innermost layer of the wall of building construction.Is building form style chongyanxieshan, he took command of the garrison is wartime command.The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old ”lintel“ Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is ”gates of fire, disaster and later Fish“ story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word ”Changle“ with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002(1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40-60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters

篇三：西安城墻景點簡介

Xi'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.The existing walls built in the Ming Hong Wu seven years to 11 years 1374-1378, has been 600 years of history, is China's most complete extant ancient walls of buildings.Xi'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang ”high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings“ under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the ”defense" strategy system is greater than the thickness of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortresses, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years(1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city;Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years(1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated;since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Municipal People's Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi'an.

第四篇：西安城墻小學(xué)生導(dǎo)游詞

導(dǎo)游詞，是導(dǎo)游人員引導(dǎo)游客觀光游覽時的講解詞，是導(dǎo)游員同游客交流思想，向游客傳播文化知識的工具，也是應(yīng)用寫作研究的文體之一。特點是口語化，還具有知識性、文學(xué)性、禮節(jié)性等特點。今天小編就為大家提供了西安城墻小學(xué)生導(dǎo)游詞，希望能給您帶來幫助。

西安城墻小學(xué)生導(dǎo)游詞

各位游客：

中國擁有數(shù)百座古代城墻，其中以北京、南京、西安的古城墻的規(guī)模最大，但是北京、南京古城墻先后被拆毀或嚴(yán)重的殘缺，而始建于公元1370年的西安古城墻迄今仍保存完整。日本皇訪華來西安時，放著“世界第八大奇跡”秦俑坑不看，卻登上了始建于600多年前的西門城樓，領(lǐng)略了這座古代城墻的雄姿。下面請大家跟我一起實地去參觀西安古城墻。

【城墻的起源】

各位游客，這幾天我們已經(jīng)在車行晨曦或晚霞中領(lǐng)略了古城墻的多彩多姿和古樸深沉?，F(xiàn)在我們來到城墻腳下，請大家走上城墻游覽。

大家一定想知道城墻的真正含義是什么。“城墻”一詞原是從“城”字引申而來?！俺恰卑础墩f文》解釋，是“盛”的通假字，“盛”是納民，所以“城”字的本義是土圍民而成國，由此引出城墻一義。被譽為中華民族脊梁的萬里長城的“城”宇，同樣是城墻的意思。只是后來隨著社會的發(fā)展，“城”字又包含了今天城市的解釋?！俺恰弊肿钤绯霈F(xiàn)在周朝的金文中，從字形看活生生地體現(xiàn)了古代城墻的軍事用途。城墻的軍事作用是保衛(wèi)私有制，而在意識形態(tài)上看，城墻的形體規(guī)模又是等級森嚴(yán)的宗法制的嚴(yán)格體現(xiàn)。顯然統(tǒng)治者營造城墻，是用它來保護(hù)自己，宣示國威。現(xiàn)在我們看到的西安城墻，是中國歷史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它從明洪武三年（公元1370年）朱元璋下詔修城開始動工，至洪武十一年（公元1378年）完工，歷時8年，是在隋唐京城的皇城基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)筑而成的，經(jīng)過歷代修葺，基本上保持著完整的封建社會城垣建筑的面貌，反映了中國古代筑城技術(shù)的杰出成就。

【城垣規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)施】

各位游客，那么西安城墻到底有多大呢？它的結(jié)構(gòu)又是怎樣的？據(jù)測算，西安城墻周長11。9千米，其中東城墻2590米，西城墻2631。2米，南城墻3441。6米，北城墻3241米。這樣的規(guī)模在國內(nèi)外都是比較少見的。

大家看見城墻四門外筑有護(hù)衛(wèi)城門的小城，那叫做甕城。所謂的甕城，意為敵人一旦進(jìn)入，就會受到甕城城墻上面的四面夾擊，猶如甕中之鱉，無法逃脫的。甕城外還筑有拱衛(wèi)甕城的小城，古稱羊馬城。古時候大城門的啟閉有規(guī)定時間，關(guān)閉城門后尚未回城的人可連同自己牽的羊、趕的馬等，進(jìn)入羊馬城以及今環(huán)城公園地帶歇息，等候開城門后再進(jìn)城。西安的羊馬城在清末已全毀。記得1986年在西安城安定門（西門）甕城北門外約17。5米處發(fā)現(xiàn)羊馬城北側(cè)門道，長5。5米，寬2。4米。現(xiàn)在大家能看到南門甕城外側(cè)已修復(fù)的羊馬城，墻體長198米，高9。5米。

護(hù)城河外曾有拱衛(wèi)四城門的四個夯筑土城叫郭城。據(jù)《西安府志》卷九記載：唐天祐年間，韓建筑東郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年間拓城時，東郭小城大部分被包在大城內(nèi)，留在城外的即為東郭新城。明后期西郭小城記。目前，四關(guān)郭城墻體僅存部分殘段，郭門僅在地名上留有其名稱。

現(xiàn)在我們來到西安城內(nèi)東北處，這里曾經(jīng)是明秦王府城，簡稱王城。明初，朱元津封其次子為秦王，命其坐鎮(zhèn)西安，加強對西北的控制。整個秦王府城分為兩重城墻。外城墻稱蕭墻，全系土筑成。內(nèi)城墻因外砌青磚，故稱磚墻。明滅后，蕭墻被毀。清雍正年間，西安修廟宇，秦王府的建筑多被拆除，磚城改為八旗教場。目前秦王府磚城只存夯土城殘段若干處。

明代建西安城時，全城城門有4座：“長樂”、“永寧”、“安定”、“安遠(yuǎn)”。門名刻于大城門洞外的青石門據(jù)上。大城城門上所建的樓房稱城樓，也叫正樓，是守城指揮官的指揮所。甕城城門洞上所建之樓稱箭樓，因樓壁辟有箭窗，是當(dāng)時發(fā)箭防御之用。到了民國時又開辟了4座城門，俗稱小四門：中山門（小東門），在現(xiàn)在的東新街東端，是為紀(jì)念孫中山修建的；勿幕門（小南門），在今天的四府街南端；玉祥門（小西門），在蓮湖路西端，解放后，此門被拆；解放門（小北門），原名中正門，在解放路北端，當(dāng)年因為隴海路通車到西安而修建，到了1952年因擴(kuò)建火車站而被拆除。西安在解放后也開辟了新城門，南墻有建國門、和平門、文昌門、朱雀門、含光門。北墻有尚德門。東墻有朝陽門。

一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墻時有98座敵臺，臺上均建有敵樓。但1982年西安市城墻管理所實地調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些古敵樓沒有留下一個，只有部分尚存礎(chǔ)石。之后，西安重建敵樓12座，為磚木結(jié)構(gòu)，歇山頂式，重檐二層樓，底層周設(shè)回廊。

古代城垣設(shè)施不僅修建敵樓、箭樓作用武之備，還修建魁星樓以祭把主宰文運之神魁星。西安魁星樓建在南門城樓東，后遭兵火毀壞。后來在原址上復(fù)建魁星樓，值得看一看。

【煥發(fā)新顏的古城墻】

各位游客，經(jīng)過十多年的整體開發(fā)，古都西安已把位于市中心的殘破的明代城垣，改造成頗具特色、中外罕見的環(huán)城旅游風(fēng)景區(qū)。1983年，西安市開始了建國以來規(guī)模最大的文物保護(hù)開發(fā)，到1997年底累計投資2。27億元，不僅全面修繕了城墻，填補了大小洞穴1650個，還重建敵樓四座、角樓2座以及南門月城、閘樓、吊橋各一處，同時對環(huán)城河、林、路進(jìn)行了全面的整治。現(xiàn)在，從14條被修復(fù)的馬道緩步登城，能見到長1334o米的城垛，還有11500米的女兒墻也全部修復(fù)。站在高12米的城頭上舉目遠(yuǎn)眺，南邊的終南山、北部的渭水河遙遙相望；俯首四顧，城內(nèi)城外市容盡收眼底。城上還陳列弓弩。滾木、擂石等防衛(wèi)工具，城下復(fù)設(shè)吊橋、云梯，供人使用參觀。從城墻下到環(huán)城河邊，修建了20多座橋，城河到城腳之間的環(huán)城綠化帶，成了西安最大的綠化公園，茅屋瓦舍，仿古亭廊，詩碑雕塑，應(yīng)有盡有。

第五篇：西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞

西安城墻又稱西安明城墻，是中國現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣，是第一批全國重點文物保護(hù)單位、國家AAAA級旅游景區(qū)。廣義的西安城墻包括西安唐城墻和西安明城墻，但一般特指狹義上的西安明城墻。下面是小編帶來的西安城墻景點導(dǎo)游詞，希望可以幫到大家。西安城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞篇一

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put “the eighth wonder of the world,” Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen(Simon)Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.

Xi'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.Xi'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang “high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings” under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the “defense” strategy system is greater than the thickness of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortresses, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years(1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city;Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years(1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated;since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Municipal People's Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi'an.

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that “such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.” Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

First of all we see is the moat, also called the “moat”, it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum--reminders “.Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old ”lintel“ Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is ”gates of fire, disaster and later Fish“ story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word ”Changle" with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002(1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40-60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters.