第一篇：大學(xué)英語作文-現(xiàn)在和傳統(tǒng)中國人在外國對比

YU1

Yu,Cao

English 1A

Professor Emrys-personDecember 2011

The Socio-Cultural Conflict between New and Traditional Asian-American

I have been living in America for almost a year;the top socio-culture conflict relevant to me are between new Chinese-American and traditional Chinese-American culture.Many Chinese friends often complain that it is difficult to live in the traditional family because there are too many invisible rites and ethical standards to follow at.“Tiger Mother” is one of the well-known examples in US, which display the typical life style of traditional Chinese family.For thousands of years, Chinese lived in a comparative stable and unchanged life, so they also act and think in traditional ways.Though Chinese people?s lives have changed a lot since the open and reformed policy, many people?s values towards life stay the same in various aspects.Even though New Chinese-America and traditional Chinese-American are geographically lived together, there are many cultures different between them due to distinctive life style and policy.The new generations who are growing up in the US have diverse moral, ethics as well as attitudes in life.The disparate social structure between modern and traditional creates many culture conflict at home and society.The essay is mainly focusing at comparison of the different families and works aspects in new and old Chinese-American, and the fundamental philosophy behind the culture issues, as well as offers a practical solution in the future.First, New and traditional Chinese-American hold different attitudes towards work.Modern Chinese believe that work is one of sources of happiness.Prof Xu, Hao, director of social psychology and disability research Centre of Tsinghua University, did a research on what makes people happy, and he concluded that passion and enthusiasm in work are the main factors that

make people happy.He found that if a young man is out of his favorable work, his possibility of suicide rates maybe 40 times as larger as those who are not.Most of the New Chinese-American has a shine educational background;For example, most of them hold a degree or MBA from top universities in the world, such as Harvard, Stanford, and Berkeley;however 80% of them rather choose some interesting but lower salaries jobs than the high paid but boring work.In the contrary, traditional Chinese-American holds a separate view on work.Money is always the Priority of selecting a job, as well as some other factors below: secondly, whether the job is a decent one;thirdly, whether the salary is satisfied.In a survey, 36.73% people work for raising the family, 23.64% aim at having a high quality life style, and only 12.87% endeavor to realize their personal value.It shows that most of traditional Chinese American still struggling for rich life rather than the enjoyment of working.Because of the distinctive attitudes and perspectives of working, many problems also create in the Chinese-American family;such as family violence, divorce, and fight.In the paragraph four I will indicate the foundation two cultures.Second, the two parties view on the family values is slightly similar to each other due to both of them believing all happy families resemble each other.Tolstoy once wrote, while unhappy families are each unhappy in their own way.That is to say, both New and traditional parties think happiness of the family is true and most enormous happiness.The traditional concept of the

family still takes deeper root in New Chinese-American.In accordance with a survey, nine out of them people believe that their families are the essential and enduring part of their life, which is a reliable means of resisting the pressure and threats from the society, culture and career.Besides, new group laid stress on the harmonizing atmosphere of a family.Even between the husband and the wife, father and children, sisters and brothers, they will perform themselves as well-manner as possible.It defies traditional group?s understanding that we can hear the wife say “thank you” to

her husband, or the older sister say “sorry” to her younger brother and the father say “forgive me, please” to his daughter, though they have lived together for a long time.On the other hand, the principle and value of family of traditional group may be the strongest in the world.As for Chinese, a harmonious, large family is considered to be a blessing.It is highly related to the

feudal society and Confucianism, which is the fundamental root in Asian culture.According to an Internet survey, more than 60% people think families are the most reliable people in the world, and 78.8% people hold the view that blessedness family is the biggest happiness in their life.Most women in the countryside spend most of their time and energy on their family.They seldom have their own interests, only their eldership and children in their hearts.In the cities, family is also important.When festivals come, especially the Spring Festival, sons and daughters, who work far from home, will go home and reunite with their parents, with a lot of presents bought for their families.Obviously, family is a top thing traditional group would rather sacrifice almost everything to support and protect.There are many similar culture significance problems for Chinese-American in US, which are also happened in the other country as well because ultimate culture assimilation or harmony would take several generations to achieve.In US, the majority communications, which contain the usual way of living, are the eldership in the family.On the other side, the youth, who have formal education from the western country, represent the key role of reformist;therefore, most of the conflicts often occur in the normal family daily life.Western scholars always argue that the

reason cause Chinese people different than white are because of Communism, which I think it is the funniest joke in my life.Both Communism and Capitalism are games that played by policies, also the perfect excuse used to attack each other;moreover, Communism or Marxism only used by Chinese central government since 1949, but Chinese culture is already existing for over 4000

years.Certainly, there must be something else that rules traditional Chinese?s social behavior, moral virtue, as well as ethics.Confucian is the real reason behind politic, which is also largely influencing Asian countries.Confucian is the foundation of Chinese philosophy, and it has been existed for 4200 years, which is also deeply rooted in Chinese culture DNA.Most of the time, Chinese people do not even realize that they are acting or thinking of Confucian.One of the famous core principles that Confucianism promoted is “Three Bonds”.The Three bonds delineated the authority of the dominator over the minister, the father over children, and the husband over wife.Wei-Ming Tu, the director of Harvard-Yenching Institute, describes in his speech “Probing the ?Three Bonds? in Confucian Humanism, are based on

dominance/subservience underscore hierarchical relationships as inviolable principles for

maintaining social harmony.” Three bonds are only one of the theories inside Confucian by using to promote social stability;however, Confucian as Chinese?s soul not only recommends for all citizens but also required for over 3000 years.As the young generation, I am strongly supporting the new way of life because I was one of the victims from the traditional style because I had wasted over 10 years in my life to make my family happy rather than to live as myself.Since the first day I came to use, I can feel that power from the society because everyone could stands up to fight for their own life.In the end, I believe that in the short term, socio-culture conflict between New and Traditional Asian-American will still go on in our society because it takes time and steps;however, in the long term, countries and culture assimilation will undoubtedly achieve in the future.

第二篇：六年級英文作文：小時候和現(xiàn)在的我對比

描述你小時候的樣子和現(xiàn)在的變化

When I was a child I was lovely to look at, with long black hair and bright eyes.Now, I am more beautiful than before, because I am taller, stronger and healthier.And My eyes are still bright.But My hair is shorter now, because I like short hair.If you want to know more about me, Come and make friends with me.I will tell you a lot of changes about me between now and past.

第三篇：中國夢大學(xué)英語作文

中國夢

1)中國夢近來成為了人們熱議的話題。2)不同的群體對中國夢有不同的解讀。3)我的夢想

Chinese Dream “Chinese Dream ” has become a hot topicamong Chinese people.According to a recent survey by CCTV ,different groups of people have different dreams.For those people live in cities, theirdreams are based on traffic and environment.They dream of having a bettertraffic situation.They wish that less traffic jams will take place on busyroads.They also focus on environmental problems.They wonder if they can haveclearer skies.As for university students, it is their dreams to seek for betterjob opportunities.When it comes to those who work in rural areas, they wanttheir children have equal opportunities in education with those children in urban areas.Medical aids also arouse a lot of concern among farmers.My dream is to not only achieve success in academic performance , but also make greater achievement in the future.A lot can be done to change the problems such as poverty, starvation and so on , which make the people in our nation happy and harmonious.譯文: 中國夢

中國夢在中國人心目中已經(jīng)成為熱烈討論的話題。根據(jù)央視調(diào)查，不同的群體有對中國夢有不同的解讀。

對生活在城市的人們來說，他們的夢與交通和環(huán)境息息相關(guān)。他們夢想有更好的交通狀況。他們希望在擁擠的道路上盡可能的少一點交通堵塞。他們同時也關(guān)注環(huán)境問題。他們想知道他們是否會有晴朗的天空。對大學(xué)生來說，找到更好的工作機會是他們的夢想。提及生活在鄉(xiāng)村的人們，他們希望他們的孩子和城市的孩子有同等的受教育機會。醫(yī)療保障，也是很多農(nóng)民的關(guān)注問題。

我的夢想不僅僅是在學(xué)業(yè)上取得成功，而且在以后的事業(yè)上也能取得更大的成功.我們可以做很多事情來改變諸如貧困，饑餓等等問題。使得生活在我們國家的人民幸福、和諧。

第四篇：關(guān)外國和中國結(jié)婚習(xí)俗的英語文章

關(guān)外國和中國結(jié)婚習(xí)俗的英語文章

Wedding Ring

The wedding ring has been in evidence.Some believe the wedding ring was the first element of wedding traditions.The circular shape of the wedding ring symbolizes never-ending love.Third finger, left hand It is believed that the vein in the third finger of the left hand runs directly to the heart.Wedding Flowers

Historically, flowers & herbs have played a significant role in the attraction of “good” and/or the warding off of “evil”.Greeks used ivy for the sign of lasting love.Today, pretty wedding flowers convey a message of fertility and enduring love and romance.The minister will speak

To Groom:_ Do you take this woman to be your wedded wife, to live together after God's ordinance, in the holy estate of marriage _ Will you love her, comfort her, honor, and keep her, in sickness and in health;and, forsaking all others, keep yourself only unto her, so long as you both shall live _(Groom: “I do.”)

To Bride: Do you take this man to be your wedded husband, to live together after God's ordinance, in the holy estate of marriage _ Will you obey him and serve him, love, honor, and keep him, in sickness and in health;_ and, forsaking all others, keep yourself only unto him, so long as you both shall live _(Bride:_ “I do.”)

(Minister takes the bride by the right hand & taking the groom by the right hand, brings the hands together and instructs the couple to join hands.)

美國人的婚禮

Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do.There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare;there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted;and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests.But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.美國的國土上居住著各種各樣的人,他們的婚禮也千差萬別.有熱鬧莊重的教堂婚禮;有在山頂上舉行的婚禮,客人們光著腳陪伴登高;也有在海底舉行的婚禮,客人們戴著氧氣罐跟著入水.但婚禮無論在哪兒舉行或怎樣舉行,總有某些傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)俗.Before a couple is married, they become engaged.And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away.When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment.在舉行婚禮前先要先訂婚,然后發(fā)放請貼給住在附近的人和好朋友以及遠(yuǎn)方的親戚.當(dāng)一切準(zhǔn)備就緒,就該到最激動人心的時刻了.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes.The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played.The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will “give her away”.The groom enters the church from a side door.When the wedding party is gathered by the altar, the bride and groom exchange vows.It is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”.Following the vows, the couple exchange rings.Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.婚禮本身通常進行20至40分鐘.婚禮一行人伴著結(jié)婚進行曲進入教堂.新娘手持一束鮮花和她的父親最后進來,父親要把她交給新郎.而新郎則要從側(cè)門進入教堂.當(dāng)婚禮一行人聚集到教堂的祭壇前時,新娘和新郎互相表達(dá)誓言.常用的結(jié)婚誓言是:“而今而后,不論境遇好壞,家境貧富,生病與否,誓言相親相愛,至死不分離.”宣誓過后,二人交換戒指.通常把戒指戴在左手無名指上,這是一個古老的風(fēng)俗.After the ceremony there is often a party, called a reception,which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds.禮儀過后,通常會有宴會,叫“喜宴”.宴會給參加婚禮的人一個向新婚夫婦祝賀的機會.The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream.The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window.The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests.When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking and drawing attention to them.And then the couple go on their honeymoon.新郎新娘乘坐汽車離開教堂,汽車上裝飾有氣球,彩色紙帶,刮須膏之類的東西.“新婚燕爾”

幾個字常寫在汽車后的行李箱上或后玻璃窗上.新娘新郎從婚禮客人撒下的雨點般的生大米中跑向汽車.小兩口兒開車離開教堂時,朋友們常常開車

追趕他們,不停地按喇叭,引他們注意.然后小兩口兒就接著去度蜜月了.結(jié)婚前6～9個月需做的事項：

（1）設(shè)定婚期；（2）決定基本婚禮形式；（3）拜訪牧師，看看教堂對婚禮有什么規(guī)定；（4）初步?jīng)Q定來賓名；（5）初步核算婚禮開銷；（6）初步擇婚禮與婚宴地點；（7）選擇婚禮顧問；（8）選擇舉辦婚宴的公司；（9）挑選新娘禮服；

（10）選擇婚禮攝影師、錄影師；（11）選擇婚的色調(diào)。結(jié)婚前4～6個月需做的事項：（1）選擇婚宴的樂隊或DJ；（2）選婚禮、婚宴的音樂；（3）預(yù)訂邀請函；（4）決定婚禮與婚宴地點；（5）安排婚禮禮車；（6）開始蜜月計劃；（7）在商店里注冊接受結(jié)婚禮物；（注：新娘可以到美國各大百貨商店注冊接受結(jié)婚禮物，并注明接受禮物的種類。想送禮的人只要到商店看一下新娘的注冊單子，看看還有哪些未婚夫婦要的東西沒有人買，然后在商店里選一選，付了錢就行。過后，新娘會到商店把物一并取出。這樣做省時省力，又實惠，還免去不少退換禮物的麻煩）

（8）計劃婚禮、婚宴環(huán)境布置

結(jié)婚前3個月需做的事項：

（1）選擇給父母、近親、伴娘及伴郎的結(jié)婚紀(jì)念品或小禮物；

（2）買結(jié)婚戒指；注：結(jié)婚戒指與訂婚戒指不同。訂婚戒指一般是男方求婚時買給女方的禮物，通常是顆粒的鉆戒。結(jié)婚戒指一般是未婚夫婦一起去買的對戒，造型比較簡單。）

（3）預(yù)訂結(jié)婚蛋糕；

（4）買切結(jié)婚蛋糕的刀、新婚夫婦干杯的酒杯、來賓簽字紀(jì)念冊及新娘的吊襪帶。（注：一般美國婚宴上都有一個節(jié)目，讓新郎用牙齒把新娘的吊襪帶從她大腿上取下，往往把宴會氣氛推向高潮，所以新娘在挑選吊襪帶時都會格外講究。）

結(jié)婚前1～2個月需做的事項：

（1）安排婚禮排練及婚宴排練的時間與地點；

（2）郵寄婚禮邀請函；（注：邀請函里不但會注明婚禮及婚宴的時與地點，還有一個貼好郵票的回執(zhí)信封，請被邀請人寫明參加婚宴的人數(shù)以選擇的主菜。大多數(shù)婚宴都會有2種至3種主菜供任選一樣。未婚夫婦在收到回信后會算一下每種主菜的預(yù)訂數(shù)量，然后通知舉辦結(jié)婚宴席的公司按照這些數(shù)量去準(zhǔn)備。因為舉辦婚宴的公司通常都是按照參加婚禮的人頭來收費并準(zhǔn)備主菜，所以來賓數(shù)字的正確與否非常重要。如果有人因為忙而忘了把信寄出，也沒有打電話告訴未婚夫婦，到婚宴的時候就自說自話去了，很有可能會空肚子而歸。）

（3）最后試穿新禮服；（4）最后試穿伴娘禮服；（5）敲定婚禮及婚宴的每個細(xì)節(jié)；（6）確認(rèn)蜜月旅行的機票、酒店；（7）領(lǐng)取結(jié)婚證書；（8）取結(jié)婚戒指。

結(jié)婚前2個星期至1個月需做的事項：

舉辦新娘結(jié)婚洗禮Bridal Shower）。（注：這個聚會一般是由伴娘主持，邀請所有新娘的女友與女親戚參加。男士一般不參加。這個慶祝會除了講些“女人話”外，很多人也會趁這個機會提前送結(jié)婚禮物。）

結(jié)婚前1～2個星期需做的事項：

（1）取新娘禮服、頭飾、伴娘禮服；（2）如有何變化，通知所有參加婚禮者；（3）為蜜月旅行準(zhǔn)備行李；

（4）婚禮排練與婚宴排練；（注：絕大多數(shù)未婚夫婦為了確?；槎Y與婚宴的順利進行，在正式婚禮前都會選一天進行婚禮排練。參加排練的一般是男女雙方的家人加上伴娘與伴郎。根據(jù)婚禮的常規(guī)，新娘一般是由她的父親挽手出來，所以婚禮排練的主要一點是讓們父女偕步，以免正式舉辦婚禮的時候出洋相。至于所謂的“婚宴排練”，其實主要是未婚夫婦在婚禮排練之后以晚飯形式感謝所有參與婚禮準(zhǔn)備的人包括雙方的家人、伴娘與伴郎。未婚夫婦也會趁此機會送一些謝小禮物。）

（5）新娘做指甲；（6）最后確認(rèn)一下來賓數(shù)；

（7）為新郎舉辦“單身慶祝會”（Bachelor Party）。（注：未婚新郎的“單身慶祝會”通常是由他的好友代為安排，只有男士參，意為讓新郎向他的“單身生活”告別，但同時也要他牢記單身的“美妙回憶”，于是往往轉(zhuǎn)變成“男人最后的瘋狂”。啤酒、舞女是這聚會的主題，與新娘洗禮形成鮮明對比。）

婚前準(zhǔn)備和新婚禮品

男女結(jié)婚之前，往往好友都要來聚會。女青年們舉行送禮會，其中以送廚房用品為最多。如送烹任參考書、水桶、咖啡壺、炒菜鍋等。男青年們也為自己的朋友舉行一次單身派對(Bachelor

Party)，并且聲言只許男人參加，女賓恕不招待。在會上，他們可以共送一件比較貴重的禮物給新郎，然后追憶少年時的好時光，互相惜別，并為新郎成家而慶賀，舉杯碰盞，一醉方休。欲向新婚夫婦送禮，應(yīng)在接到婚禮請?zhí)蛟诮Y(jié)婚日期公布后，便把禮物送去新娘家。禮物應(yīng)用白紙包裝，系上白綢帶，附上自己的名片，還可以寫上一句祝辭。所送禮品多屬花瓶、瓷器、餐具、床毯等日常用品。在送給新娘的銀器或織品上刻上新娘名字的第一個字母。也是很常見的做法。

如果嚴(yán)格按照習(xí)俗辦理，婚前還要有一系列程序。先是舉行訂婚儀式，屆時男女雙方交換訂婚戒指，把事前準(zhǔn)備好的鉆石戒指戴在對方的左手無名指上。這種風(fēng)俗?？勺匪莸皆忌鐣砥?。當(dāng)時有些部落在舉行婚禮時,男女雙方要交換用花環(huán)，以保證靈魂的結(jié)合。今天交換戒指，則象征雙方相互承擔(dān)的義務(wù)和牢不可破的感情。訂婚儀式后，就要為正式婚禮做準(zhǔn)備，如印發(fā)請?zhí)?，展示結(jié)婚禮品并向送禮人表示感謝，兩家會親，宴請親友，布置教堂，預(yù)備男女儐相的服裝等等。一切準(zhǔn)備就緒，婚禮的時刻便將來臨了。

按照傳統(tǒng)，婚禮之日，在走上教堂的圣壇之前，新郎新娘不能會面?；槎Y之前，也不允許新郎看新娘的禮服。新娘須著雪白長裙，戴潔白面紗，以象征純潔。同時，新娘穿戴的衣物中必須包括有新的、舊的、借來的和藍(lán)色的四種東西。舊東西，可以是新娘母親穿戴過的衣物，藍(lán)色的東西通常則是藍(lán)色的吊襪帶。

整個婚禮活動從婚禮儀式開始。儀式一般在教堂舉行，但也可能安排在家中或者旅館的舞廳里。在教堂舉行婚禮時，賓客們分別坐在教堂走廊的兩側(cè)，女賓坐右側(cè)，男賓坐左側(cè)，女賓前面是新郎父母，男賓前面是新娘父母?；槎Y開始，新娘挽著其父的手臂，緩緩?fù)ㄟ^走廊向圣壇走去。他們的前后簇?fù)碇皇椒b的男女儐相和最親近的親友。這時，負(fù)責(zé)撤花的女孩走到新娘前面，從花籃中將一把把花瓣撒在走廊上。新娘父親把新娘帶上圣壇，便把她交給著深色禮服的新郎。接著，新郎在左，新娘在右，面對牧師站好，由牧師為其舉行傳統(tǒng)的儀式。牧師將結(jié)婚戒捐戴在新娘的左手無名指上，在鄭重其事地說完“現(xiàn)在我宣布你們二人正式結(jié)為夫妻”之后，新郎新娘便回到走廊上。整個儀式一般不超過45分鐘。

儀式結(jié)束，新郎新娘手挽手在音樂聲中步出教堂，參加婚禮的人們紛紛向他們拋撒米粒、玫瑰花瓣和五彩紙屑，向他們祝福.婚宴 按照習(xí)慣，婚宴由女方家里舉辦，其豐盛程度，要取決于女方家庭的經(jīng)濟狀況?；檠鐭狒[非常，觥籌交錯，碰杯之聲不絕于耳。此時在座的每一位男客都可以親吻新娘，這大概是西方封建時代的遺俗。

過去封建地主在姑娘新婚前夕有吻她一下的權(quán)利。不過今天，也許只意味著新娘開始告別自己的青年時代，從此就要做一個忠實的妻子了。在精美漂亮的結(jié)婚大蛋糕被搬上餐桌后，新郎新娘要手把手地握住一把刀，共同將蛋糕切開，二人先各吃一片，然后再款待所有的客人。有時人們還把小塊蛋糕送給那些沒來的朋友。

有一種有趣的說法，認(rèn)為把幾塊結(jié)婚蛋糕盛在小盒中，讓未婚姑娘帶回家放在枕下，她便能在夢中見到未來的丈夫。結(jié)婚蛋糕的出現(xiàn)，可以追溯到很久以前。世界上有許多民族都曾把新郎新娘分吃食物作為婚禮的重要儀式。古希臘客人們在婚禮上一同分吃拌有蜂蜜的芝麻蛋糕；古羅馬早期的結(jié)婚儀式，也是新郎新娘先用蛋糕祭神，然后再二人分吃。

宴會即將結(jié)束，新娘站在屋子中間，將手中的花束從左肩信手向背后年輕姑娘們拋去。據(jù)說，碰到花束的姑娘將成為下一次婚禮上的新娘。所以這時在場的姑娘神態(tài)各異，靦腆的姑娘羞澀地躲閃，大方的姑娘則毫不顧忌地?fù)屩ソ踊ㄊ?。拋完花束，新郎還可以將新娘的吊襪帶摘下來，向小伙于們?nèi)尤?，抓住吊襪帶的人就意味著快要做新郎了。宴會在這歡快的氣氛中結(jié)束。度蜜月 婚禮畢，人們歡送新郎新娘去度蜜月，這一場面充滿詼諧和滑稽，與方才的莊重和熱鬧恰成對照。屆時新郎要想方設(shè)法帶妻子趕快離開，而那些調(diào)皮的客人則想出種種新奇花樣阻止汽車開走。他們有時把剃須膏抹在司機座前的車窗上，使新郎不得不下車來擦掉；有時把一串罐頭盒掛在車尾，弄得叮擋作響。當(dāng)汽車終于突出包圍困時，人們便在后面一陣追趕，最后在笑聲中目送汽車遠(yuǎn)去。這種情景，象征著人們對新娘的愛慕，表現(xiàn)出親人和朋友對新婚夫妻難舍難分的情感。此時此刻也正是新郎顯示自己有足夠力量和智慧保護妻子的大好時機。

度“蜜月”的說法也有一番來歷。據(jù)說度蜜月的風(fēng)俗起源于德國的古條頓人。那時男女舉行婚禮后，要到風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的地方去旅行。同時每天都要喝蜜糖水或是蜜釀成的酒，連喝30天不得中斷，以示幸福生活的開始。這種風(fēng)俗一直流傳至今，只是不用再喝糖水了。度蜜月的時間也未必恰好是一個月，或一定要到風(fēng)景區(qū)去旅游。這既取決于時間是否許可，也取決于男方是否有足夠的金錢。因為同婚宴相反，蜜月旅行的費用要由新郎家負(fù)擔(dān)。

中國的結(jié)婚風(fēng)俗

Wedding Ring

The wedding ring has been in evidence.Some believe the wedding ring was the first element of wedding traditions.The circular shape of the wedding ring symbolizes never-ending love.Third finger, left hand It is believed that the vein in the third

finger of the left hand runs directly to the heart.Wedding Flowers

Historically, flowers & herbs have played a significant role in the attraction of “good” and/or the warding off of “evil”.Greeks used ivy for the sign of lasting love.Today, pretty wedding flowers convey a message of fertility and enduring love and romance.The minister will speak

To Groom:_ Do you take this woman to be your wedded wife, to live together after God's ordinance, in the holy estate of marriage _ Will you love her, comfort her, honor, and keep her, in sickness and in health;and, forsaking all others, keep yourself only unto her, so long as you both shall live _(Groom: “I do.”)

To Bride: Do you take this man to be your wedded husband, to live together after God's ordinance, in the holy estate of marriage _ Will you obey him and serve him, love, honor, and keep him, in sickness and in health;_ and, forsaking all others, keep yourself only unto him, so long as you both shall live _(Bride:_ “I do.”)

(Minister takes the bride by the right hand & taking the groom by the right hand, brings the hands together and instructs the couple to join hands.)

中國北方結(jié)婚習(xí)俗英文版

Pre-existing elements of traditional Chinese wedding ceremony is generally credited to scholars of the Warring States period, 402-221 B.C.The Three Covenants and the Six Rites, which were considered necessary elements of a marriage.However, the full ritual was too complicated, so even within the span of the Warring States period;the etiquette underwent changes and simplification.” What remained constant were the chief objectives: joining and enhancing the two families and ensuring succession with numerous descendants.Reverence to parents and ancestors, omens to encourage fertility and wealth, financial and social obligations contracted by both families at the betrothal, extensive gift giving etiquette, and the bride’s incorporation into her husband’s family are recurring elements.”

1There are six steps to form a completely wedding: The Proposal, The Betrothal, and Preparing for the Wedding Day, Day of the Wedding, Day After the Wedding, and Three Days after the Wedding.Before the wedding ritual, there are a lot to do, including The “Hair Dressing” Ritual which is done at dawn on her wedding day(or the night before).A “good luck woman”, woman with living parents, spouse and children, will come to help dressing up the bride’s hair.The woman should also speak auspicious words while tying up her hair in a bun, a style of married woman.Though this “hair dressing” ceremony, people give their best wishes to the bride so the bride will bring good luck to the groom and his family。The “Capping” Ritual “ that is performed at the groom’s home, where father of the groom place a hat decorated with cypress leaves on the groom’s head”.The groom will bring the bridal sedan chair, an equivalent of a limousine nowadays, and a group of relatives and friends to go to fetch the bride.This act also wishes the groom to have good luck.The Bride’s Journey to the Groom’s House which is do by the “good luck woman” or a dajin, employed by the bride’s family to look after the bride, carried the bride on her back to the sedan chair.Arriving at the Groom’s House and after stepping over a saddle or a lit stove, the wedding ritual comes to the emphases.In contrast to the elaborate preparations, the wedding ceremony itself is simple.The bride and groom are conducted to the family altar, where they pay homage to Heaven and Earth, the family ancestors and the Kitchen God, Tsao-Chün.Tea, generally with two lotus seeds or two red dates in the cup, is offered to the groom’s parents.Then the bride and groom bow to each other.This completes the marriage ceremony, except in some regions, where both also drink wine from the same goblet, eat sugar molded in the form of a rooster, and partake of the wedding dinner together.Immediately after the ceremony, the couples are led to the bridal chamber, where both sit on the bed.In some areas, honey and wine poured into two goblets linked by

a red thread.The bride and groom take a few sips and then exchange cups and drink it up.And the guests that are usually the relatives of the bride and groom, will enjoy separately rich banquet which is by either the bride’s parents or the groom’s.It is generally considered as public recognition of the union.介紹一下中國婚禮習(xí)俗

Ever since ancient times, there has been a saying that the three most delightful moments in one's life come with success in the imperial examination, marriage and the birth of a son.From the Qin(221 BC – 206 BC)to Qing(1644 – 1911)Dynasties, the feudal system dominated over two thousands years.During this period, the importance of getting married was far more than that a person found his better half.For the male side, it determined the prosperity and even the future fame of their family;while for the female side, it meant that parents lost the chance of seeing their daughter for a long time.Thus to choose an ideal partner was vital for both the individual and the family.In feudal society, a marriage would be decided not by a young couple's love, but by their parents' desires.Only after a matchmaker's introduction and when parents considered the two family conditions were similar and could be matched, would the marriage procedures go forward.Conditions that should be taken into consideration included wealth and social status.If a boy's family was well-off or an official family, his parents would never permit him to marry a girl from a poor family.Essential to the marriage process were the commonly recognized 'three Letters and six etiquettes'.The three letters were the betrothal letter, the gift letter with a gifts list and the wedding letter used on the day the bridegroom met his bride at her home.Six etiquettes then led to the final wedding ceremony.Proposing: when a boy's parents intended to make a match, they would invite a matchmaker to propose with them at the girl's home.It was the custom that the first time matchmaker went as a guest they could not be served tea in order not to 'lighten the marriage'.If the proposal was successful, however, the matchmaker(usually a woman)would be rewarded with profuse gifts and feasts to show the two families' gratitude.Many unmarried young people could not see and were unfamiliar with each other till their wedding day.Birthday Matching: after knowing the girl's full name and birthday, they would ask a fortune teller to predict whether that could match their son's and whether there would be a happy marriage.The Chinese zodiac would be surely taken into consideration.Presenting Betrothal Gifts: if the match was predicted to be auspicious, the matchmaker would take gifts to the girl's parents and tell them that the process could continue.Presenting Wedding Gifts: This was the grandest etiquette of the whole process of engagement.Prolific gifts were presented again to the girl's family, symbolizing respect and kindness towards the girl’s family as well as the capability of providing a good life for the girl.Selecting the Wedding Date: the boy's family asked the fortune-teller to choose a date according to the astrological book when it would be proper and propitious to hold the wedding ceremony.Wedding Ceremony: the wedding ceremony began with the groom and his party meeting the bride in her home.Before this day the bride's dowry would have been sent to the boy's house.The dowry represented her social status and wealth, and would be displayed at the boy's house.The most common dowries included scissors like two butterflies never separating, rulers indicating acres of fields, and vases for peace and wealth.Before the meeting party's arrival, the bride would be helped by a respectable old woman to tie up her hair with colorful cotton threads.She would wear a red skirt as Chinese believed red foreshadowed delight.When the party arrived, the bride, covered by a red head-kerchief, must cry with her mother to show her reluctance to leave home.She would be led or carried by her elder brother to the sedan.In the meeting party the bridegroom would meet a series of difficulties intentionally set in his path.Only after coping with these could he pass to see his wife-to-be.On the arrival of the sedan at the wedding place, there would be music and firecrackers.The bride would be led along the red carpet in a festive atmosphere.The bridegroom, also in a red gown, would kowtow three times to worship the heaven, parents and spouse.Then the new couple would go to their bridal chamber and guests would be treated to a feast.Wine should be poured to the brim of a cup but must not spill over.On the night of the wedding day, there was a custom in some places for relatives or friends to banter the newlyweds.Though this seemed a little noisy, both of them dropped shyness and got familiar with each other.On the third day of the marriage, the new couple would go back to the bride's parents' home.They would be received with also a dinner party including relatives.Of course, marriage customs differed by region, but these were the most common.They have been maintained for thousands of years, but in recent years(especially after the founding of modern China), people have tended to discard some of the details and advocate simplified marriage procedures and wedding ceremonies.娶親回來，新娘、新郎在進大門時，門口左右預(yù)先放著的兩捆干草要點燃。干草是用紅線繩捆著，草內(nèi)夾放著油炸糕。點干草含有三層意思：其一，因干草乃“五谷”之一的秸稈，點燃是祈祝五谷豐登；其二，干草里夾油糕，借“糕”字音寓意步步登高；其三，捆系干草的線是紅色的，點燃后的火也是紅的，可以辟邪。不論是為了辟邪、還是祈福，紅色，都包含著強烈的生活的愿望、意志和追求。生活仿佛是從結(jié)婚開始，而紅色的婚禮，象征紅紅火火的日子。

“中國紅”婚禮

紅色是中國的傳統(tǒng)色、吉祥色、喜慶色。紅色是一種具有強烈視覺沖擊力的光線，有著生命的、火的色彩和光輝，所以，古人認(rèn)為紅色可以驅(qū)除一切邪氣。婚禮是人生最重要的事情，不允許一絲一毫的邪祟作怪，所以紅色成了傳統(tǒng)婚禮的主色調(diào)。紅燈籠、紅喜字、紅對聯(lián)、紅窗花，從大場面到小細(xì)節(jié)，整個婚禮都是紅色的。

五色綢子

五色綢子五色線

娶親當(dāng)日，新郎、新娘胸前都帶脯花，花的綴飾是五色綢子五色線。五色也叫五彩，青黃赤白黑，象征五彩繽紛，以紅為主，圖大吉大利。不僅胸前帶五色綢子、五色線，連隨嫁帶的大紅包袱上也是五彩綢佩帶。

褲袋里裝錢

結(jié)婚之日，新郎、新娘束系的都是大紅褲帶。褲帶是空心的，里邊裝著錢。清代時，裝的錢是“字錢”，解放初期裝的是硬幣，現(xiàn)在裝的是百元大鈔，名為 “富貴”，寓意是婚后能招財進寶，成為腰纏萬貫的富豪人家。折棗枝和拿筷、杯 新郎去娶親時，要從新娘家折些棗樹枝子，并要兩雙筷子、兩個喝水杯，用紅絲帶系在一起，用紅綢布包好帶走。

“棗枝”寓意婚后“早得子”。一雙筷子、一對水杯，意指成雙成對和婚后有吃有喝，不受貧窮。

隨身佩帶紅手帕

新娘出嫁將要起程時，姑娘、姑爺雙雙要向父母作揖告別。此景此情，不免令人傷感落淚，帶上手帕便于抹眼淚。從前，新娘出嫁時要哭到村外，據(jù)說新娘子哭嫁的淚水會給莊稼帶來甘露。古代女子一旦出嫁，特別是遠(yuǎn)嫁他鄉(xiāng)，便很少有機會與父母見面，其傷心程度可想而知。而今在城市里，哭嫁已經(jīng)不尋常了，新娘出嫁帶手帕，只是依照習(xí)俗而行。

“紅蓋頭” 過去新娘出嫁時坐轎子，戴“紅蓋頭”，現(xiàn)在出嫁一般是坐小轎車，戴“面紗”?！吧w頭”和“面紗”同是一個同意，是在顯示和代表新娘青春、貞潔和尊貴。

送親奶奶或伴娃娃

與新娘一同坐在大紅轎子里的人，如果陪送的是姑姑或嬸嬸，稱作“送親奶奶”；如果陪送的人是新娘的侄兒侄女，稱作“伴娃娃”。如果沒有陪送的人，則在新娘轎子里放一個大饃饃，彩繪成紅花五色，稱“喜饃”，寓意是新娘坐的不是孤獨單人轎。

上下轎子不沾地

新娘出嫁上、下轎子，講究腳不沾地。古人傳說人間有人結(jié)婚時，天狗星就要滴血，如果讓新娘子的腳踩上天狗星的血，就不會生孩子了。所以上轎(車)要人抱，下轎(車)要人背，進洞房要踩著黃布，都是這個用意

Married back, the bride, the groom at the entry gate, the gate stood about in advance of the two bundles of hay to be ignited.Hay is the red line Shengkun the grass stood inside the folder deep-fried cakes.Contains a three-point hay meaning: first, because hay is a “grain” one of the straw, light is pray bumper grain harvest;secondly, hay inside folders You Gao, use the “cake” pronunciation implication ascend step by step;Third, the Department of hay bales line is red, lit the fire is red, you can ward off

evil.Whether in order to ward off evil, or praying, red, all with a strong desire to live, will, and pursuit.Life is like starting from the marriage, while the red wedding, symbolizing the booming days.“China Red” Wedding

Red is a traditional Chinese color, lucky colors, happy colors.Red is a strong visual impact of light, has a life, fire and brilliant color, so red and could drive out the ancient Chinese believed that all the evil.A wedding is the most important things in life do not allow a shred of evil evil spirit trouble, so the red color became the main traditional wedding.Red lanterns, red hi word, red couplets, red bars scenes from large to small details, the wedding is red.Colored silk

Five-color silk colored lines

Married that day, the bride and groom have brought chest chest flower, flowers, inlaid with a five-color silk colored lines.Colored, also known as colorful, Qinghuang Chibai black, symbolizing the colors, mainly red, Figure good luck.Not only the chest with a five-color silk, colored lines, even with the marriage of the red tape burden is also five colored silk wear.Installed in his hip pocket money

Wedding day, the groom, the bride-beam system are red belt.Belt is hollow, the inside filled with money.During the Qing Dynasty, filled with money, “the word money,” the liberation of the initial installation of the coins, and now is filled with hundred dollar bills, called “rich”, it means that marriage can be招財進寶to become wealthy and rich people.Off date sticks and chopsticks, cups and groom to get married when the bride's family from the jujube tree branches off more, and to two pairs of chopsticks, two drinking cups, is tied with red ribbon with a red silk cloth away.“Jujube Tree” implies marriage “as early as a son.” A pair of chopsticks, a pair of cups, meaning pairs, and after marriage for food and drink, free from poverty.Carry-wear red handkerchief

Will have to leave the bride married when the girl, Guye both bid farewell to their parents Zuo Yi.Cijing such a situation inevitably raises the sad tears, bring a handkerchief to facilitate Mayan Lei.In the past, when the cry out of the village married bride, bride is said to cry tears of marriage will bring nectar crops.Ancient times, women, once married, especially in marrying men from his home, they rarely have the opportunity to meet with their parents, their grief can imagine.Now, in the city, weeping is no longer unusual, and the bride married with a handkerchief, but in accordance with custom trip.The “red hijab” In the past when the bride married sedan chair, wearing a “red hijab”, now married generally by car, wearing “the veil.” “Hijab” and the “veil” with an agreement on behalf of the bride in the display, and youth, virginity and distinguished.To send the pro-grandmother or with dolls

Together with the bride sitting in red chair inside the person, if the escort is the aunt, or aunt, known as the “sending pro-Grandma”;if the escort who is niece of the bride's nephew, called “with dolls.” If there is no escort the person, then the chair where the bride put a large steamed bun, painted into a saffron colored, saying “hi bun”, it means the bride is not sitting alone single sedan chair.Sedan chair up and down does not stick to

Married bride upper and lower chair, pay attention to feet do not stick to.Ancient legend of earth was married, Nintendogs stars should drop of blood, if the bride's foot so that the star on the Tengu blood, they will not have a baby.Therefore sedan chair(vehicle)dignitaries hold, got down(car)dignitaries back, Jin Dongfang to tread yellow cloth, is this intention.

第五篇：2016年大學(xué)英語四級作文學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)圖書館

寫寫幫文秘助手(004km.cn)之2016年大學(xué)英語四級作文范文學(xué)習(xí)：傳統(tǒng)圖書館

directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic do libraries become useless at the age of information? you should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in chinese:

1.有些人認(rèn)為信息時代不再需要傳統(tǒng)圖書館了，因為……

2.有些人認(rèn)為信息時代傳統(tǒng)圖書館仍然有重要作用，因為……

3.你的看法……

參考范文：

there has been a heated discussion about libraries at the age of information among people.some people, especially the younger generation, challenge the value of conventional libraries.when they need any information in their studies or work, they can turn to their computers for help.for this reason, they do not need to go to a library for borrowing or returning one or two books.while others, including most old people as well as scholars, value libraries.they love libraries because they can enjoy peace and quietness in an isolated spiritual world.and they also have access to rare academic works needed for their studies in the libraries.in my view, conventional libraries are still available though there is still much room for improving.at the age of information, as long as knowledge is respected and cherished, libraries won’t extinct from our lives.on the other hand, libraries should not refuse

the latest information technology, which will enable them to regain those young readers。