第一篇:新一代農(nóng)民工何去何從完型
Occupational therapy
do you want to become? That is all up to you.If you never to want...What is important that you must dare to think, dare to want...It is 11am in a large boarding house in Shenzhen migrants bunk six to a room.The balconies are suddenly with young men and womentheir uniforms off washing lines as they get ready for work, Unusually, however, theare not the coveralls of factory workers but the waistcoats and jackets of restaurant workers.Theline is a banner of sorts heralding the of jobs in the service sectoryoung Chinese migrant workers who factories that dominate the manufacturing China.Two men, , say that when they arrived a few months earlier they did not even look for factory jobs.“Our friends told us working in factories is repetitive.The working hours are very long,” says the older one.pay that was 20-25 per cent less thanoffered by factories.Most of the residents of the have made the same choice, which explains the queue for toilets at 11am.1.A staffB personC peoplesD man.A dareB daredC haveD need
3.Asucceed with B succeed atC succeed inD succeedA wasB isC proveD shows
5.AwhereB whatC how D which
6.A fullB filledC crowdedD loaded
7.A pullB pulledC pullingD to pull
8.A asBthe wayCeven ifD as if
9.A coatsB uniformsC coversD clothes
10.A clothingB clothesC clothD washing
11.A increasingB increase C increased D /
12.AforB withC amongD between
13.A staffB employC staffedD employed
14.AsouthB southernC the southD the southern.A agedB agingC /Dthe age of
16.A /B inC onD with.A HoweverB SoC InsteadD But
18.A in spiteB insteadC thoughD despite
19.A /B thatC the payD it.A lodgingBput-upC putting-upD boarding
第二篇:新一代農(nóng)民工何去何從?
2012年05月15日 06:16 AM
新一代農(nóng)民工何去何從? Occupational therapy
Friends, what kind of person do you want to become? That is all up to you.If you never dare to want to succeed, then you will never
succeed...What is important is that you must dare to think, dare to want...Wu Chunming, from ?Factory
Girls: Voices from the Heart of Modern China? by Leslie T.Chang
It is 11am in a large boarding house in Shenzhen where young migrants bunk six to a room.The balconies are suddenly crowded with young men and women pulling their uniforms off washing lines as they get ready for work, as if an alarm has just gone off.Unusually, however, the uniforms are not the coveralls of factory workers but the waistcoats and jackets of restaurant workers.The washing line is a banner of sorts heralding the increasing
popularity of jobs in the service sector among the young Chinese migrant workers who staff the factories that dominate the manufacturing heartland in southern China.Two men, aged 17 and 20 and
wearing only the basketball shorts they slept in, say that when they arrived a few months earlier they did not even
朋友,你想成為怎樣的人?這完全取決于你自己。如果你從來(lái)都不敢想你要成功,那么你永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)成功??關(guān)鍵是,你必須敢想、敢要??
——張彤禾(Leslie T.Chang)所著《工廠女孩》(Factory Girls: Voices from the Heart of Modern China)中的吳春明
這里是深圳一棟大型宿舍樓,每間住著六名打工者?,F(xiàn)在是上午11點(diǎn)整,好像剛剛拉響過警報(bào)一樣,年輕的男男女女忽然一齊出現(xiàn)在各自房間的陽(yáng)臺(tái)上,從晾衣繩上取下晾曬的制服,準(zhǔn)備去上工。
不同尋常的是,這些制服不是工廠工人的工作服,而是餐館服務(wù)員穿著的那種背心和夾克。
服務(wù)業(yè)工作在中國(guó)年輕打工者中越來(lái)越受歡迎,這從晾衣繩上晾曬的制服中可見一斑。但在位于中國(guó)南方的制造業(yè)中心,為打工者提供最多工作崗位的還是一家家工廠。
兩名只穿著睡覺穿的運(yùn)動(dòng)短褲的男子(年齡分別為17歲和20歲)說(shuō),幾個(gè)月前他們剛剛來(lái)到這里時(shí),根本沒考慮過去工廠當(dāng)工人。年紀(jì)大一點(diǎn)的那個(gè)
look for factory jobs.“Our friends told us working in factories is repetitive.The working hours are very long,” says the older one.Instead, they both decided to work in a restaurant despite pay that was 20-25 per cent less than that offered by 說(shuō):“一些朋友說(shuō),在工廠里做事總是重復(fù)一樣的事情。工作時(shí)間特別長(zhǎng)?!?/p>
于是,他們都決定去餐館工作,盡管餐館給的工資比工廠少20%至25%。住在宿舍樓里的大多數(shù)人都做出了同樣的factories.Most of the residents of the boarding house have made the same choice, which explains the queue for toilets at 11am.Manufacturers across China in labour-intensive industries such as garments and shoes complain that recruiting is more difficult than it has ever been, in large part because the cohort of entry-level workers is becoming smaller every year after three decades of the country?s
one-child policy.Guangdong, China?s most industrialised province, is
estimated to be short of 1m workers.Double-digit wage rises every year and promises of birthday celebrations for employees have not eased the shortages.This year sign-on bonuses, once the preserve of Wall Street, were offered at many factories across southern China.Newly recruited workers in leather businesses in
Dongguan, a city with more factories than traffic lights an hour north of Shenzhen, received “travel money” of Rmb400-600($63-$95)from grateful factory owners just for joining.The problem for factory owners is not just that China?s demographic dividend has been cashed.Many of today?s younger generation find working in factories stultifying and aspire to jobs in the service sector or even to white-collar jobs.This is a
選擇,難怪樓里的廁所一到上午11點(diǎn)就排隊(duì)。
在中國(guó)各地,服裝、制鞋等勞動(dòng)力密集型行業(yè)的工廠主都抱怨說(shuō),現(xiàn)在招人比以往任何時(shí)候都難,其中很大部分原因在于,在實(shí)行了30年的計(jì)劃生育政策之后,如今希望進(jìn)入工廠工作的打工者大軍人數(shù)逐年減少。在中國(guó)工業(yè)化程度最高的省份——廣東,工人缺口估計(jì)有100萬(wàn)。
工廠每年以兩位數(shù)幅度上漲工資,還承諾為員工慶祝生日,但這些舉措并未緩解工人緊缺問題。中國(guó)南方許多工廠今年推出了入職獎(jiǎng),這種福利一度是華爾街的專利。在深圳以北一小時(shí)車程處的東莞,一個(gè)工廠比交通燈還多的城市,皮革廠老板為新入職工人發(fā)放每人400至600元人民幣的“旅費(fèi)”,僅為“感謝”他們?nèi)肼殹?/p>
工廠主面臨的問題不僅僅是中國(guó)的人口紅利已耗盡。如今年青一代中,許多人認(rèn)為當(dāng)工人沒勁,渴望從事服務(wù)業(yè)甚至白領(lǐng)工作。在這一點(diǎn)上,年青一代與他們的父輩迥然不同。他們的父輩在農(nóng)村干慣了農(nóng)活,并不覺得工廠流水線
marked change from their parents, who had migrated from farms and paddy fields and did not consider working on an assembly line to be drudgery.In a video-games parlour in the southern Chinese town of Xintang, known as the world?s jeans capital, Zeng Guang, a 23-year-old migrant from Hunan wearing a bleached T-shirt with a Union Jack across the front, explains why he quit his job sewing the seams on jeans.Mr Zeng was working 12-hour days and could only take one day off a month.When his boss refused to give him extra time off to deal with an illness in the family, Mr Zeng quit.“There were so many reasons I didn?t want to work there,” he says.Mr Zeng has the training to be a bartender and is considering seeking work as one, despite pay that would be Rmb400 less a month than the
Rmb2,000 he was making.“I just want a job where I can work eight hours a day, but I cannot say what job can give you this,” he says with an awkward laugh.Mr Zeng regrets having left school at 14 because he feels trapped by his lack of qualifications.“My father died when I was 14 and my mother
remarried.I didn?t want to study any more and moved to my grandparents?,” he says.“I regret leaving school.Without education, I can?t find decent jobs.” He pauses to reflect.“Factory work is useless and meaningless,” he says finally.“For a long time, I have learnt nothing.”
But back from his month looking的工作有多枯燥。
在被譽(yù)為“世界牛仔褲之都”的中國(guó)南方城鎮(zhèn)新塘的一家游戲廳里,一名23歲的湖南籍青年曾光(音譯)解釋自己辭掉在牛仔褲廠縫褲縫工作的原因。曾光穿著一件褪色的T恤,胸前印著一幅米字旗。他在牛仔褲廠的時(shí)候,每天要工作12個(gè)小時(shí),每個(gè)月只能休息一天。后來(lái)曾光的家人生病了,老板不準(zhǔn)假,于是他辭了職。他說(shuō):“我有無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)理由不想在那干下去?!?/p>
曾光受過當(dāng)酒保的培訓(xùn),盡管當(dāng)酒保的月工資比牛仔褲廠給的2000元人民幣少400元,但他正考慮找份當(dāng)酒保的工作。他不自然地笑道:“我只不過想找份每天只干8個(gè)小時(shí)的工作,但我說(shuō)不出什么樣的工作能滿足這個(gè)愿望。”
因?yàn)楦械绞芾в趯W(xué)歷不高,曾光后悔自己14歲就不再念書?!拔?4歲那年父親死了,母親改嫁。我不想上學(xué)了,搬去跟祖父母住?!彼f(shuō),“我后悔離開學(xué)校。沒受過教育,找不到像樣的工作?!痹馔O聛?lái)想了想?!肮S的工作沒有用,沒有意義。”他最后說(shuō),“很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里,我什么都沒有學(xué)到?!?/p>
曾光回家待了一個(gè)月的時(shí)間,照顧
after his grandparents, Mr Zeng steels himself to work in a garment factory to help pay his grandfather?s medical bills.Bartending will have to wait
another year, he says, as he hurries to a 祖父母?;貋?lái)之后,他決心去一家服裝廠上班,賺錢付祖父的醫(yī)藥費(fèi)。他急匆匆地走向一個(gè)停車場(chǎng)(很多求職者在那里等候去各工廠的大巴參加面試),邊走邊說(shuō),當(dāng)酒保的事兒還要再等一年。
car park where recruiters wait to bus workers to interviews at factories.His friend, Chen Jinguo, 22, sews belt loops on to jeans and wants to study but he works a 12-hour day from 8am until 11pm with breaks for lunch and dinner.“We don?t have enough energy to study,” he says.Across southern China, human resource managers and workplace psychotherapists say young men and women are switching jobs at an ever more rapid rate.Liu Kaiming, a labour consultant with the Institute of
Contemporary Observation, says that the generation born in the 1990s has driven turnover rates at some factories in south China to 15 per cent a month.“The first generation of migrant workers were very clear;they were working to build a house in their village,” says Mr Liu.“The new
generation feels there is no future in the village.They go to the city where every day they look at television and newspapers with stories of new wealth that does not belong to them.”
In the workplaces of southern China, dreams quickly crash into reality, however.In the car park outside a shopping mall in Xintang, 25-year-old Liu Xinjiang is taking stock after his first morning working in a Chinese fast-food restaurant.He had spent the morning preparing
ingredients for the chefs and looks exhausted.曾光的朋友陳金國(guó)(音譯)今年22歲,在牛仔褲廠縫皮帶圈。他想學(xué)習(xí),但他每天要工作12個(gè)小時(shí),從早上8點(diǎn)到晚上11點(diǎn),中間只有午餐和晚餐的時(shí)間可以休息。陳金國(guó)說(shuō):“我們沒有足夠的精力去學(xué)習(xí)。”
在整個(gè)中國(guó)南方,人力資源經(jīng)理們和職場(chǎng)心理醫(yī)生們都說(shuō),年輕人換工作的頻率比以往任何時(shí)候都快。當(dāng)代社會(huì)觀察研究所(Institute of
Contemporary Observation)勞動(dòng)咨詢師劉開明說(shuō),因?yàn)?0后頻繁離職,中國(guó)南方一些工廠每月的人員流動(dòng)率達(dá)到15%。“第一代農(nóng)民工目標(biāo)非常明確,他們工作就是為了回村里蓋房?!眲㈤_明說(shuō),“而新一代農(nóng)民工覺得在農(nóng)村沒前途。他們來(lái)到城市,每天看著電視和報(bào)紙上講的那些發(fā)財(cái)致富的故事,自己卻不名一文?!?/p>
然而,在中國(guó)南方,許多打工者的夢(mèng)想很快撞上現(xiàn)實(shí)。在新塘一家購(gòu)物中心外的停車場(chǎng)里,25歲的劉欣江(音譯)正在盤貨。這是他在這家中式快餐廳工作的第一天。一早上,劉欣江都在為廚師們配料,現(xiàn)在顯得很疲憊。
He left a garment factory job a year ago to set up a restaurant with a friend in a nearby town but the
business subsequently failed.With a salary of Rmb2,000 and rent to pay because the fast-food restaurant,unlike most factories, does not provide dorm accommodation, Mr Liu says he will need to moonlight.“The garment factories do not follow labour laws [limiting overtime] but the restaurant is a big company.They have to follow the law,” he says.In an alley on the outskirts of
Shenzhen, near the Foxconn plant that assembles Apple?s iPads and iPhones, the workers? housing near the plant is still draped with long safety nets that look like funeral shrouds, a morbid reminder of a string of suicides by young workers who jumped to their deaths in the summer of 2010.A 24-year-old called Hu says that after three and a half years at Flextronics, which makes Microsoft?s Xbox games console, and a year working at
Foxconn, he has decided electronics processing, with its rigid routines, is not for him.He admits many workers would envy his monthly salary of Rmb4,500, but he wants work that engages his mind.“If you can do work that is interesting and make money from it, you can be the most happy person in the world.That is what Steve Jobs had,” he says.Additional reporting by Zhou Ping
一年前,劉欣江辭去服裝廠的工作,與一個(gè)朋友在附近的鎮(zhèn)里開了一家餐館。但餐館后來(lái)倒閉了。他在這家中式快餐廳的工資只有2000元人民幣,還要付房租,因?yàn)楦蠖鄶?shù)工廠不一樣,餐廳不為員工提供宿舍。劉欣江說(shuō),他需要再兼?zhèn)€職。劉欣江說(shuō):“服裝廠不遵守勞動(dòng)法(限制加班),但餐廳是大企業(yè),必須守法?!?/p>
在深圳郊區(qū)的一條小巷里,臨近為蘋果(Apple)裝配iPad和iPhone的富士康工廠(Foxconn),富士康的員工宿舍下仍懸掛著長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的安全網(wǎng),看上去像裹尸布一樣,令人心有余悸地想起2010年夏天發(fā)生在這里的一系列年輕工人跳樓事件。一名24歲的胡姓(音譯)年輕人說(shuō),他在為微軟(Microsoft)生產(chǎn)Xbox游戲機(jī)的偉創(chuàng)力(Flextronics)工作了三年半,又在富士康工作了一年,最終覺得規(guī)章制度嚴(yán)格的電子加工業(yè)不適合自己。
這位年輕人承認(rèn),許多工人會(huì)羨慕他每個(gè)月掙4500元人民幣,但他希望從事需要?jiǎng)幽X子的工作。他說(shuō):“如果你做的工作既有趣又能賺錢,你可能就是世界上最幸福的人。這是史蒂夫?喬布斯(Steve Jobs)說(shuō)的?!?/p>
第三篇:新生代農(nóng)民工何去何從
新生代農(nóng)民工何去何從
近年來(lái),有關(guān)戶籍制度改革的話題很熱,相關(guān)改革卻停滯不前,究其原因在于戶籍牽涉的社會(huì)管理功能復(fù)雜、成本高昂,可謂牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身。戶籍制度,成了當(dāng)前橫亙?cè)谵r(nóng)民工面前最堅(jiān)硬的一道制度壁壘。然而,新生代農(nóng)民工初步在觀念上切斷自己和農(nóng)村的聯(lián)系,為了一個(gè)身份和歸宿,他們注定要向取得城市戶籍、融入城市的目標(biāo)不斷抗?fàn)帯?/p>
作為一個(gè)數(shù)量龐大、情況復(fù)雜而又對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)穩(wěn)定具有深層次影響的固有群體,新生代農(nóng)民工面臨著以下六大問題:
一、工資收入水平較低、務(wù)工地房?jī)r(jià)居高不下,是阻礙其在務(wù)工地城市長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定就業(yè)、生活的最大障礙;
二、受教育程度和職業(yè)技能水平滯后于城市勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的需求,是阻礙其在城市長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定就業(yè)的關(guān)鍵性問題;
三、受戶籍制度制約,以隨遷子女教育和社會(huì)保障為主的基本公共需求難以滿足,是影響其在城市長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定就業(yè)和生活的現(xiàn)實(shí)性、緊迫性問題;
四、職業(yè)選擇迷茫、職業(yè)規(guī)劃欠缺、學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)的需求難以有效實(shí)現(xiàn),是阻礙其實(shí)現(xiàn)職業(yè)夢(mèng)想不可忽視的因素;
五、對(duì)精神、情感的強(qiáng)烈需求不能很好地得到滿足,是困擾他們的首要心理問題;
六、勞動(dòng)合同簽訂率低、欠薪時(shí)有發(fā)生、工傷事故和職業(yè)病發(fā)生率高等勞動(dòng)權(quán)益受損問題,是亟須解決的突出問題。
從新生代民工本身存在的問題可以看清其在新時(shí)期的新特征。曾幾何時(shí),農(nóng)民工就是一副吃苦耐勞、逆來(lái)順受的形象,他們似乎滿足于做“中國(guó)制造”這部大機(jī)器上最忠實(shí)最可靠的螺絲釘,不管勞動(dòng)多辛苦待遇多低下,只要有錢拿回家養(yǎng)活一家老小,就能繼續(xù)忍下去。然而今天的新生代農(nóng)民工不這么想,也不這么做了。
高漲的權(quán)利意識(shí),是新生代農(nóng)民工作為“新人”的鮮明特征。他們不僅要維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益,還要主動(dòng)參與政治表達(dá)和社會(huì)管理,在城市里以主人翁的姿態(tài)進(jìn)行活動(dòng)。他們不再逆來(lái)順受的群體特征,使許多人擔(dān)憂其成為社會(huì)新的不穩(wěn)定因素,但對(duì)一個(gè)主動(dòng)尋求向上流動(dòng)的社會(huì)群體,正確的做法是用前瞻的視野評(píng)判他們的未來(lái),用平等的眼光去理解他們的要求,用積極的行動(dòng)來(lái)促使他們?cè)缛杖谌氤鞘猩鐣?huì)。
新生代農(nóng)民工的新特征正是在新的經(jīng)濟(jì)格局與舊有戶籍制度對(duì)沖影響而生,所以應(yīng)以新生代農(nóng)民工為重點(diǎn),分析深層次成因,由四方面入手,切實(shí)解決問題:
一、將解決農(nóng)民工問題納入國(guó)家和地方經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃之中,納入常住地公共預(yù)算之中;
二、通過試行新生代農(nóng)民工城鎮(zhèn)落戶制度,加快推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè);
三、還需加強(qiáng)對(duì)相關(guān)法律制度的完善、落實(shí)和監(jiān)管,加大維護(hù)新生代農(nóng)民工勞動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益的力度;
四、繼而大力提高農(nóng)民工的社會(huì)政治地位,加強(qiáng)對(duì)新生代農(nóng)民工的人文關(guān)懷。
他們的明天也正是我們共同的明天,關(guān)懷農(nóng)民工二代,使他們成為共享社會(huì)文明成果的平等一員,彌合社會(huì)鴻溝,消除身份、貧富差距,共創(chuàng)和諧未來(lái)。
第四篇:新一代農(nóng)民工工資水平調(diào)查報(bào)告
長(zhǎng)江師范學(xué)院社會(huì)實(shí)踐調(diào)研報(bào)告
《新一代農(nóng)民工工資水平的調(diào)查報(bào)告》
導(dǎo)語(yǔ):一提到工資都會(huì)刺痛從事一定工作的人們的敏感神經(jīng),工資素來(lái)都是人們喜歡談?wù)摰脑掝}。當(dāng)談到工資無(wú)論是收入高的還是收入低的都會(huì)抱怨自己的工資過低,這也難怪,因?yàn)槿硕际秦澙返?,盡管某一類群體的收入與其他人相比,簡(jiǎn)直就是天壤之別,但他們?nèi)圆环艞墝?duì)金錢的追求,在這物欲橫流的時(shí)代,拜金主義也就悄然盛行了。然而在社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的今天,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治體制和價(jià)值觀等方面存在的問題和扭曲,造成了新生一代的弱勢(shì)群體,他們被人們親切的稱為當(dāng)代農(nóng)民工。走近他們你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),他們的生活是多么的讓人寒心,工資待遇更是不堪入目,拖欠工資等遭遇讓人發(fā)自肺腑的同情,在我們對(duì)他們表示同情的同時(shí),難道就不能引起我們深刻的思考嗎?
二、存在的主要問題及一般現(xiàn)象
自從社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制建立以來(lái),中國(guó)的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)就取得的跨越式發(fā)展,日新月異的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)使中國(guó)逐步邁入了小康社會(huì),人們的生活水平也有了翻天覆地的變化,當(dāng)人們對(duì)未來(lái)有著美好憧憬時(shí),社會(huì)中的各種弊端也隨之衍生出來(lái)了,就如泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)一樣,雖然表面上體現(xiàn)了國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)正在向前發(fā)展,但如要仔細(xì)的深究它,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題重重。當(dāng)泡沫破滅的時(shí)候,也就是問題變得愈加難解了。所以,作為政府應(yīng)該以發(fā)展的眼光去看問題,未雨綢繆,防患于未然。
1)平均工資水平低
作為中國(guó)目前規(guī)模最大,人數(shù)最多的一類群體,在一座城市中永遠(yuǎn)有著他們的身
影,工廠中的他們擁有著嫻熟的操作技藝,每天生產(chǎn)出供人們需要的日用品;工地上的他們頂著烈日,每天都為這座城市奉獻(xiàn)著他們的熱情,揮灑著汗水澆灌出一座座摩天大樓拔地而起。然而公平是不會(huì)降臨到每個(gè)人身上的,他們的收入永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)和自己的付出成正比。血和汗水的付出換來(lái)的卻是少的可憐的工資,對(duì)于在一線城市打工的農(nóng)民工來(lái)說(shuō),這點(diǎn)工資養(yǎng)家糊口都有點(diǎn)勉強(qiáng)。城市化水平越高,其消費(fèi)水平自然而然的也會(huì)上了一個(gè)臺(tái)階。尤其近幾年CPI指數(shù)居高不下,這更讓在城市中打工的農(nóng)民工叫苦不迭。盡管住的是離城市較遠(yuǎn)的出租房,吃的是盒飯,但他們?nèi)圆环艞壴诔鞘械拇蠼中∠锢锉疾▌诶?,他們都有著一個(gè)共同的愿望那就是工資再漲一點(diǎn),待遇再好一點(diǎn),僅此而已。
2)貧富差距懸殊
貧富差距是一個(gè)社會(huì)在發(fā)展過程中不可避免會(huì)遇到的問題,只是在不同的階段,不同的時(shí)期,它對(duì)社會(huì)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展所構(gòu)成威脅有所不同而已。貧富差距越小,也就是社會(huì)中的勞動(dòng)者收入相比之下都處于一個(gè)比較樂觀的水平,這里的樂觀也從一定程度
上說(shuō)明了,縮小貧富差距對(duì)社會(huì)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展有著至關(guān)重要的作用。一方面,緩和不同階級(jí)間的矛盾,有利于構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì),為社會(huì)的發(fā)展提供良好的環(huán)境,吸引外商投資。另一方面,有利于共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)的實(shí)現(xiàn),這是黨和人民一直所祈求的。發(fā)生在農(nóng)民工身上的貧富差距不外乎就是收入,作為藍(lán)領(lǐng)的農(nóng)民工們,一個(gè)月平均工資大概也就兩至三千元,而城市中其他的白領(lǐng),金領(lǐng)的月工資有的甚至是普通農(nóng)民工們的三四倍。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)有著這樣的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象,富人越富,窮人越窮,社會(huì)兩極分化越加明顯。如果讓這種趨勢(shì)就這么蔓延下去的話,后果不堪設(shè)想,所以這就要求黨和政府立即采取相關(guān)措施加以遏制。然而事實(shí)證明,縮小貧富差距并不是一蹴而就的事情,作為政府任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
3)維權(quán)道路艱辛
新聞上經(jīng)常報(bào)道著某公司老板拖欠為他打工的農(nóng)民工的工資,因此也就造成了勞
資矛盾,不管老板是有意或無(wú)意的拖欠工資,但至少也要站在農(nóng)民工的角度上去考慮問題吧,他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市中打拼,生活上也是不容易的。站在旁觀者的角度,老板的做法既是不可取的同時(shí)也是違法的。根據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)勞動(dòng)法》中的相關(guān)規(guī)定,老板的做法侵犯了農(nóng)民工的取得報(bào)酬的權(quán)利??墒窃诂F(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中農(nóng)民工們往往因老板拖欠工資而采取了不恰當(dāng)?shù)淖龇ㄈゾS護(hù)自己的權(quán)益,毆打老板、罷工、砸毀機(jī)器設(shè)備等。農(nóng)民工們之所以會(huì)采取這些過激行為,一方面由于有的農(nóng)民工缺乏法律意識(shí),不知道拿起法律的武器去維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益。另一方面也是由于民間法律投訴渠道不夠暢通,農(nóng)民工們也只能無(wú)人可求了。勞資矛盾的存在,很大程度上會(huì)造成社會(huì)的不穩(wěn)定,不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。黨和政府應(yīng)該給予重視。
三、對(duì)策和建議
作為政府應(yīng)該本著服務(wù)人民的原則,努力為人民辦實(shí)事。利用財(cái)政加大對(duì)民間基
礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資。加大商品房建設(shè),解決農(nóng)民工們住房難問題。利用價(jià)值杠桿穩(wěn)定物價(jià)水平,加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督,嚴(yán)厲打擊市場(chǎng)投機(jī)行為。貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,不斷建立和完善社會(huì)主義分配制度,促進(jìn)公平分配。貫通民間法律投訴渠道,做到服務(wù)人民。加強(qiáng)法律知識(shí)宣傳,讓維權(quán)意識(shí)深入人心。作為企業(yè),要在利益和責(zé)任之間做出正確抉擇,勇于承擔(dān)一定的社會(huì)責(zé)任。作為勞動(dòng)者,當(dāng)自己的權(quán)益受到侵害時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)拿起法律的武器來(lái)捍衛(wèi)自己的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。
本次社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)心得:
通過這次的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng),我逐步了解了社會(huì),開闊了視野,增長(zhǎng)了才干,并在社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中認(rèn)清了自己的位置,發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的不足,對(duì)自身的價(jià)值能夠進(jìn)行客觀的評(píng)價(jià)。這在無(wú)形中使我們對(duì)自己的未來(lái)有一個(gè)正確的定位,增強(qiáng)了自身努力學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)并將之與社
會(huì)相結(jié)合的信心和毅力。對(duì)于即將走上社會(huì)的大學(xué)生們,更應(yīng)該提早走進(jìn)社會(huì)、認(rèn)識(shí)社會(huì)、適應(yīng)社會(huì)。大學(xué)生暑期社會(huì)實(shí)踐是大學(xué)生磨練品格、增長(zhǎng)才干、實(shí)現(xiàn)全面發(fā)展的重要舞臺(tái)。在這里我們真正的鍛煉了自己,為以后踏入社會(huì)做了更好的鋪墊,以后如果有機(jī)會(huì),我會(huì)更加積極的參加這樣的活動(dòng)。
第五篇:完型翻譯
突然他聽到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的嗡嗡聲。起初他以為是一輛1路沿線的他離開了。他預(yù)計(jì)2消失在遠(yuǎn)方。相反,它變得越來(lái)越響亮,似乎來(lái)自3。他很快地抬起頭,看見一架飛機(jī)4個(gè)瘋狂,之字形路徑穿過天空。它消失的一瞬間躲在云層的后面,然后出現(xiàn)5的。飛機(jī)正向他。
他6在它嚇壞了,立刻帶7在一個(gè)中空的小領(lǐng)域中,他的眼睛8的過程中,飛機(jī)9次。當(dāng)他注視著它,他覺得要出事,沖進(jìn)10在他的眼睛。然后,如果11個(gè)奇跡,它12的潛水和降落在田野。飛機(jī)在不平的地面反彈瘋狂帶走任何躺在13路。在14秒鐘,它撞進(jìn)籬笆只有幾碼遠(yuǎn),15人正蹲。在那之后,一切都是靜止的。這個(gè)人站起來(lái),茫然。一會(huì)兒他認(rèn)為跑到農(nóng)舍和請(qǐng)求幫助;但他改變了主意,沖向樹籬的缺口。
我們都知道,正常人每日1的活動(dòng)是一些7~睡8小時(shí)的2與16~17小時(shí)的清醒和睡眠,廣義上講,通常恰逢3小時(shí)。
我們目前關(guān)注的是如何方便到何種程度,正??梢孕薷?。這個(gè)問題不再是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)性。方便,例如,使人們可以從白天工作晚上工作越來(lái)越重要的問題在4要求持續(xù)24小時(shí)的機(jī)器。它通常需要五天到一個(gè)星期,一個(gè)人適應(yīng)5個(gè)常規(guī)的睡眠和清醒的時(shí)間,白天睡覺,晚上工作。不幸的是,這是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況在產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移是每星期換,一個(gè)人可以從午夜到凌晨8點(diǎn),12工作6周,8點(diǎn)晚上4點(diǎn)下,和下午4時(shí)至午夜12的第三等。這意味著他剛習(xí)慣了一套日常7他被換到另一個(gè),因此在他大部分時(shí)間里,休息和工作的效率。
一個(gè)解決的方法似乎是每次換班持續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)些,一個(gè)月,甚至三個(gè)月。最近的研究,但是,表明人們對(duì)這種系統(tǒng)將回到正常的睡眠和清醒的習(xí)慣在周末,這是很不夠8任何適應(yīng)夜間工作建立在周。唯一的解決辦法似乎是把9個(gè)晚上10個(gè)永久的夜晚工人的適應(yīng)夜班工作可能持續(xù)整個(gè)周末和假期11。一個(gè)有趣的家庭生活和健康的夜班工人進(jìn)行了棕色1967。她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)高12,睡眠不安,消化紊亂和國(guó)內(nèi)混亂當(dāng)中,在白天和黑夜的交替變化,但沒有異常發(fā)生的這13人中永久夜間工作。在14秒,它沖破籬笆只有幾碼遠(yuǎn),15人蹲。之后,還都是。他站起來(lái)的。一會(huì)兒他認(rèn)為跑到農(nóng)舍和尋求幫助;但他改變了主意,奔向籬笆的缺口。
規(guī)劃是一個(gè)非常重要的活動(dòng)在我們的生活中。它能使人愉快,甚至興奮,1造成相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的頭痛。更重要的任務(wù),更仔細(xì)的規(guī)劃要求。要按時(shí)上班或上學(xué)是一個(gè)任務(wù),需要2個(gè)或沒有計(jì)劃,這幾乎是例行公事。一個(gè)月的國(guó)外旅游度假,或更高3,結(jié)了婚,是一個(gè)完全不同的問題。如果4個(gè)涉及教堂婚禮,50個(gè)客人,一個(gè)招待會(huì),去威尼斯度蜜月,回到新家,這就更需要計(jì)劃使5它是成功的。計(jì)劃使我們能夠保證成功6避免代價(jià)高昂的失敗我們不能7。同樣重要的是人類為8,個(gè)別國(guó)家,家庭和單身的人;五月九日的規(guī)模,但重要性不。10,一個(gè)國(guó)家的資源規(guī)劃和需求11不從計(jì)劃生育的每周或每月的家庭購(gòu)物budget.12旨在確保提供足夠的必需品,13消費(fèi)在收入的范圍,和14正常開展的將15短缺,浪費(fèi),或超支。
創(chuàng)辦現(xiàn)代science-for實(shí)例,伽利略,克卜勒和newton-were 1虔誠(chéng)的人誰(shuí)也不懷疑神的目的。2他們走上革命步驟3和蓄意迫使了4控制自然5自然的新的科學(xué)。他們這樣做的目的是調(diào)查6,無(wú)用,7科學(xué)旨在;即,預(yù)測(cè)和控制事件。8日食,你要知道,不是其目的但其原因。因此,科學(xué)9第十七世紀(jì)開始成為10調(diào)查原因。11的宗旨在世界被忽略和12。這,雖然沉默,幾乎被忽視,是人類歷史上最偉大的革命13,14大于重要性的任何政治革命15雷響徹世界。