第一篇：英語(yǔ)寫作西方名人例子

Great Souls

? Nelson Mandela

Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid.Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world.As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial

government and majority rule.He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.(138)

? Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement.He was the pioneer of the resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon total non-violence—which led India to independence and has inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.He is officially honored in India as the Father of the Nation.After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, and increase economic self-reliance.Above all, he aimed to achieve the

independence of India from foreign domination.Later he campaigned against the British to Quit India.Gandhi spent a number of years in jail in both South Africa and India.(128)

Additionally, Gandhi influenced important leaders and political movements.Leaders of the civil rights movement in the United States, including Martin Luther King and James Lawson, drew from the writings of Gandhi in the development of their own theories about non-violence.Anti-apartheid activist and former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, was inspired by Gandhi.Prior to becoming President of the United States, then-Senator Barack Obama noted that: Throughout my life, I have always looked to Mahatma Gandhi as an inspiration, because he embodies the kind of transformational change that can be made when ordinary people come together to do extraordinary things.That is why his portrait hangs in my Senate office: to remind me that real results will come not just from Washington – they will come from the people.(129)

??Martin Luther King

Martin Luther King, Jr.was an American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the

African-American civil right movement.His main legacy was to secure progress on civil rights in the United States and he is frequently referenced as a human rights icon today.King led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president.King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.There, he raised public

consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S.history.By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and opposing the VietnamWar, both from a religious perspective.In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end

racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means.He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and Congressional Gold Medal in 2004;Martin Luther King, Jr.Day was established as a U.S.national

holiday in 1986.(192)

? Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India in 1950.For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity?s expansion.Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity continued to expand, and at the time of her death it was operating 610 missions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS,leprosy and tuberculosis, children's and family counseling programs, and schools.By the 1970s she was internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocated for the poor and helpless.She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India's highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna in 1980 for her humanitarian work.(122)

?

? Susan B.Anthony

Although I am not a feminist, I admire Susan B.Anthony for her daring to hold on to her view even being mocked cruelly by her contemporaries.A tireless civil rights worker, Anthony devoted her life to the work which has guaranteed women‘s basic right, including suffrage and equal protections under law.She believed that men and women are created equal and persevered unremittingly in opening doors and expanding acceptable modes of behavior for women.In the patriarchy society of her time, people considered her unladylike and ridiculous.However, 19th Amendment to the Constitution gives women‘s rights to vote, which established Susan B.Anthony as a bold revolutionary feminist in history.(111)

?Margaret Sanger

Margaret Sanger sparked the birth control movement with the publication of The Woman Rebel, in which she encourages women to view conception as a choice rather than an obligation.In 1923, her tireless efforts resulted in the establishment of America's first legal birth control clinic, which served as a contraceptive dispensary and research facility under the auspices of the American Birth Control League(one of the groups that eventually morphed into Planned Parenthood).The birth control movement has had far-reaching, worldwide implications, from women's rights to population control to the sexual revolution.(92)

l Bright Minds

? Newton

Newton‘s aim at Cambridge was a law degree.Instruction at Cambridge was dominated by the philosophy of Aristotle but some freedom of study was allowed in the third year of the course.Newton had a golden opportunity to study an abundance of great minds: the philosophy of Descartes, Gassendi, Hobbes, and in particular Boyle.The mechanics of the Copernican

astronomy of Galileo attracted him and he also studied Kepler‘s Optics.It is a fascinating account of how Newton‘s ideas were formed.He collected all these thoughts and developed his own system by which he successfully explained a wide range of previously unrelated phenomena: the eccentric orbits of comets, the procession of the Earth‘s axis, and motion of the Moon as perturbed by the gravity of the Sun, as well as the three laws of motion that made him an international leader in scientific research and the greatest pilot in human‘s civilization.(157)

? Darwin’s Origin of Species

The theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history.Hundreds of years ago, people were confused with the complexity of different species of the world, and believed that species were created by the mysterious God.However, Darwin did not believe so.After several years' study, he eventually demonstrated that species, however complex seemingly, all evolved by natural selection from simple and preliminary conditions.When Darwin published his famous research results on the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, the book encountered lots of controversies.Members of the religious community, as well as some

scientific peers, were outraged and protested.However, Darwin's idea of evolution eventually defeated the traditional belief and was accepted and acknowledged by some insightful scientists and finally by the society.It is now reverenced as one of the greatest intellectual revolutions of human history.(144)

??Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish mathematician and astronomer who proposed that the sun was stationary in the center of the universe and the earth revolved around it.Disturbed by the failure of Ptolemy's geocentric model of the universe to follow Aristotle's requirement for the uniform circular motion of all celestial bodies, Copernicus decided that he could achieve his goal only through a heliocentric model.He thereby created a concept of a universe in which the distances of the planets from the sun bore a direct relationship to the size of their orbits.At the time

Copernicus's heliocentric idea was very controversial;nevertheless, it was the start of a change in the way the world was viewed, and Copernicus came to be seen as the initiator of the Scientific Revolution.(129)

? Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.His achievements include improvements to the

telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism.Galileo's observations about four satellites of Jupiter with his new telescope convinced him of the truth of Copernicus's sun-centered or heliocentric theory.Galileo has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy,” the “father of modern physics,” and “the Father of Modern Science.” Stephen Hawking says, “Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science.”(96)

? Christopher Columbus

In 1485, Columbus presented his plans to John II, King of Portugal.He requested he be made “Great Admiral of the Ocean”, appointed governor of any and all lands he discovered, and given

one-tenth of all revenue from those lands.The king submitted the proposal to his experts and rejected it.In 1488 Columbus appealed to the court of Portugal once again, and once again it also proved unsuccessful.Then, Columbus travelled from Portugal to both Genoa and Venice, but he received encouragement from neither.In1486, Columbus presented his plans to Queen Isabella.After the passing of much time, these savants of Spain, like their counterparts in Portugal, pronounced the idea impractical, and advised their Royal Highnesses to pass on the proposed venture.But after endless attempts at establishing a settlement of Hispanism, Catholic Monarchs finally gave him an annual allowance of 12,000 maravedis and furnished him with a letter ordering all cities and towns under their domain to provide him food and lodging with which Columbus successfully initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans and carved out the cross-continental trade market.(183)

? John Nash

Before 1950, Adam Smith was respected as ―the father of Game Theory‖, he wrote a famous book named The Wealth of Nations and demonstrated ―perfect competition‖ which was

commonly accepted by people.There is a sentence from the book ―Individual ambition serious the common good‖ which means when each individual pursue his own interests, the benefits of the group will be improved most effectively.However, John Nash, a normal mathematician in Princeton University, created a theory ―Nash Equilibrium‖ which laid the foundation of Game Theory in 1950.He doubted the statement from Adam Smith, and he succeeded.John Nash wrote a 28 pages dissertation to argue a new theory.Due to the fact that personal benefits

conflict each other, the interest of a group will be harmed.To ensure the interests of whole group, individuals should find equilibrium between the personal and group interests.Consequently, John Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics and fundamentally reformed the arena of economics.(160)

?

??Alfred Bernhard Nobel-1

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite.To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator which could be ignited by lighting a fuse.The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and businessman.He later produced ballistite, one of the first smokeless powders.At the time of his death, his will provide his enormous fortune of the major portion of $9 million estate to

institute the Nobel Prize, a yearly prize for merit in physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology, literature, and world peace.The synthetic element nobelium was named after him.(119)

? Thomas Edison

In 19th century, people could only get light from candles, but it suffered from several

disadvantages, including exorbitantly high price and in adequate lightness.Thomas Edison, one of the most prominent inventors in the 20th century, overcame 1500 failure and suitable filament for electric light bulb which were affordable for all people to buy and use.He tried numerous

materials such as iron, copper, aluminum, silver, hair, even his colleague‘s brown beard, but he fails all times.Nevertheless he did not give up and dedicated himself in finding the best material.The belief held by him was that ―we will make the electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn

candles.‖ He had the first successful experiment in 1879, finding that carbon filament can last over 40 hours, but he and his team were not satisfied for that.Through hundreds of tough trying, they finally found carbonized bamboo filament which could last over 1200 hours.Furthermore, the light bulbs invented by Edison with the most suitable filament have not only lighted up the world, but influenced people‘s lives all over the world until now.(185)

第二篇：SAT寫作名人例子

文都國(guó)際教育官方網(wǎng)站：http://

文都國(guó)際教育官方網(wǎng)站：http://004km.cn/

第三篇：英語(yǔ)作文中名人例子

4008111111 英語(yǔ)作文中名人例子

1.成功 / 英雄 / 困難類（被寫的經(jīng)久不衰?。?.大眾觀點(diǎn)類：（媒體 / 團(tuán)體 / 主流）

3.謊言 / 現(xiàn)象本質(zhì) / 隱私（這個(gè)我也不懂）4.動(dòng)機(jī)類（這個(gè)說的優(yōu)點(diǎn)玄乎）5.改變 / 科技 / 創(chuàng)新類

6.了解自身類 7.選擇類

下面就淘選了些經(jīng)典例子！

1.Bill Gates（比爾蓋茨）

When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result.Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft.Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University.However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows.Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.用于有放棄就會(huì)有所得、勇氣、懂得把握機(jī)會(huì)類

2.Thomas Edison（托馬斯 愛迪生）

In 1879, after more than 1,000 trials and $40,000, Thomas Edison introduced an inexpensive alternative to candles and gaslight: the incandescent lamp.Using carbonized filaments from cotton thread, his light bulb burned for two days.These bulbs were first installed on the steamship Columbia and have been lighting up the world ever since.用于創(chuàng)造力/科技類、失敗是成功之母、努力、成功 / 英雄 / 困難類

3.Mother Teresa（特雷莎修女）

Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name “Saint of the Gutters.” The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor.Almost 50 years later, the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide.用于大眾觀點(diǎn)類/善良、品性/

4.Diana Spencer（戴安娜王妃）

Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Whales, is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills.不好意思了，戴安娜王妃，我還真不知怎么用你呢..5.Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela（納爾遜·羅利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉）

Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid.Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world.As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa‘s antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule.He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.用于英雄、斗爭(zhēng)/大眾觀點(diǎn)類（非暴力）/

6.Beethoven（貝多芬）

Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819.However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history.His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, formes a transition from classical to romantic composition.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困難類 7.George Bush（喬治 布什）

On January 16, 1991, President Bush ordered the commencement of Operation Desert Storm, a massive U.S.-led military offensive against Iraq in the Persian Gulf.In late 1992, Bush ordered U.S.troops into Somalia, a nation devastated by drought and civil war.The peacekeeping mission would prove the most disastrous since Lebanon, and President Clinton abruptly called it off in 1993.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困難類

8.Jimmy Carter（吉米卡特）

President Carter's policy of placing human rights records at the forefront of America's relationships with other nations contributed to a cooling of Cold War relations in the late 1970s.In 1980, for the first time in seven years, Fidel Castro authorized emigration out of Cuba by the country's citizens.The United States welcomed the Cubans, but later took steps to slow the tide when evidence suggested that Castro was using the refugee flight to empty his prisons.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困難類/斗爭(zhēng)、9.Neville Chamberlain（內(nèi)維爾張伯倫）

In 1938, British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with Adolf Hitler, an agreement that gave Czechoslovakia away to Nazi conquest while bringing, as Chamberlain promised, “peace in our time.”

Eleven months after the signing of the Munich Pact, Germany broke the peace in Europe by invading Poland.A solemn Chamberlain had no choice but to declare war, and World War II began in Europe.不喜歡他，不說了...10.Raoul Wallenberg（瓦倫堡）

Raoul Wallenberg was a young Swedish aristocrat.In 1944 he left the safety of his country and entered Budapest.Over the next year he outwitted the Nazis and saved as many as 100,000 Jews(he was not himself Jewish)from the death camps.In 1945 he was arrested by the Russians, charged with spying, and imprisoned in a Russian labor camp.用于道德類/英雄、自救（Conscience is a more powerful motivation than money,fame and power）

11.George Soros--（喬治 索斯洛）the financial crocodile Soros, who at one stage after the fall of the Berlin Wall was providing more assistance to Russia than the US government, believes in practising what he preaches.His Open Society Institute has been pivotal in helping eastern European countries develop democratic societies and market economies.Soros has the advantage of an insider's knowledge of the workings of global capitalism, so his criticism is particularly pointed.Last year, the Soros foundation's network spent nearly half a billion dollars on projects in education, public health and promoting democracy, making it one of the world's largest private donors.用于大眾觀點(diǎn)類：（媒體 / 團(tuán)體 / 主流）

12.Paul Revere（保羅）

Our perceptive towards Paul Revere just illustrates this point.According to the romantic legend, he, galloping along of the dark from one farm house to another, alerted the people to the coming British.And of course the story emphasized the courage of one man, made him a hero in our history books.However, his heroism required a matrix of others

who were already well-prepared to mobilize against the oppressor and he was just one part of a pre-arrange plan.Heroes like Revere have no usefulness apart from a society primed to act.用于英雄、斗爭(zhēng)/勇敢/合作類Cooperation

13.Henry Ford（亨利 福特）

Henry ford,one of the most influential inventors in the history, was always inattentive in school.Once ,he and a friend took a watch apart to probe the principle behind it.Angry and upset, the teacher punished him both to stay after school.their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch.but the teacher did not know young ford’s genius,in ten minutes,this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home.It is imagination that invigorated Ford to make a through inquiry about things he did not know.He once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire.then he waited to see what would happen.the water boiled and, of course, turned to steam.since the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded.the explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window.Ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off,when he built his imagination of horseless carriage into reality, the history of transportation was changed forever

用于creativity/curiosity/科技類

15.Alexander Graham Bell（亞歷山大 格雷厄姆貝爾）

Not realizing the full impact it would have on society, Alexander Graham Bell introduced the first telephone to an amazed audience at America's Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876.Within a year, Bell had installed 230 phones and established the Bell Telephone Company, which was later transformed into AT&T.In 1997, 643,000,000,000 calls were made by people in the United States alone.用于英雄/創(chuàng)造、科技/影響力類

考研政治大題答題技巧

普遍適用規(guī)則：

在掌握知識(shí)量基本相同的情況下，答題技巧的不同可能使總分相差10到20分。政治的考研試卷中大題的分值占百分之六十，而實(shí)際上大題也是技巧性最強(qiáng)的題型。下面向大家介紹大題答題四步曲：第一步：仔細(xì)審題。找出本題目是關(guān)于哪個(gè)學(xué)科的哪個(gè)章節(jié)，在草稿紙上寫下此章節(jié)內(nèi)所有可能與本題有聯(lián)系的基本概念及原理。大多數(shù)題目是跨章節(jié)，甚至跨學(xué)科的，要注意思維的發(fā)散性。

第二步：解釋每一個(gè)概念并寫出原理的基本內(nèi)容。如果自己寫出的相關(guān)概念太多，則視試卷留出的空白撿重要的寫，解釋概念和原理一般不要超過本題答題空間的二分之一。什么？

太多了？不要怕，答多不扣分。但要注意答題時(shí)每個(gè)概念和原理要作為一段，字跡要工整清晰。好了，本題目分?jǐn)?shù)的一半你已經(jīng)拿到了，下面進(jìn)行第三步。

第三步：聯(lián)系實(shí)際。如果本題是論述題，則根據(jù)本題聯(lián)系實(shí)際中的一些現(xiàn)象，給出評(píng)價(jià)；如果本題是材料題，則材料就是實(shí)際，指出材料中的一些問題，也就是將材料用你學(xué)過的關(guān)于政治的術(shù)語(yǔ)再?gòu)?fù)述一遍。這部分一定要有，而且要作為一個(gè)段落，如果字跡工整的話，即使這一段答得驢頭不對(duì)馬嘴，至少也有兩分。第四步：總結(jié)。這一部分是絕對(duì)送分的，但也要有技巧。要將其作為一個(gè)段落，如果此題是論述題，則將整個(gè)題目再?gòu)?fù)述一遍，不要忘了在前面加上一個(gè)所以；如果此題是材料題，則提倡材料中好的做法，批評(píng)材料中壞的做法。

如果答大題時(shí)你能熟練地按上面的四步做，大題方面你至少可以比相同水平的其他人多得n分，不信？ 試用歷史唯物主義的有關(guān)原理說明“以德治國(guó)”與“以法治國(guó)”的關(guān)系及其重要意義(2002年政治重中之重)。首先仔細(xì)讀題目，題目中已經(jīng)告訴我們是用馬哲中的歷史唯物主義的幾章的原理，而以法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)是鄧論中的內(nèi)容，因此要考慮將兩個(gè)學(xué)科結(jié)合起來答題。表面上看題目中有兩個(gè)基本概念以法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)，聯(lián)系到馬哲，以德治國(guó)便是是道德問題，是上層建筑；以法治國(guó)便是法制問題。如此以來，此題需要答的基本概念和原理有：道德，法制，以德治國(guó)，以法治國(guó)，上層建筑，道德與法制的關(guān)系，以法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)的關(guān)系。然后聯(lián)系實(shí)際，這一步?jīng)]關(guān)系，只要稍微寫兩句而且字跡工整便不失大格。最后總結(jié)，好像這里把題目重抄一遍不順口，其實(shí)只要稍微一改便行：要把以法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)相結(jié)合。

下面我們看一下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：

1)歷史唯物主義認(rèn)為道德與法制既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別，二者的區(qū)別表現(xiàn)在：道德的概念；法制的概念；道德與法制的關(guān)系。

2)歷史唯物主義又認(rèn)為，社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑的產(chǎn)生、性質(zhì)和變化；上層建筑反作用于經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。社會(huì)主義的法律和道德是社會(huì)主義上層建筑的重要組成部分，它對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)展有重大意義。

3)以法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)又是相輔相成，不可分割的。以法治國(guó)的概念；以德治國(guó)的概念；以法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)的關(guān)系。

4)把以德治國(guó)和以法治國(guó)緊密的結(jié)合起來，是建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義的要求，也是社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求。怎么樣，是不是感到大題的簡(jiǎn)單了？上面是我總結(jié)的幾條關(guān)于政治考研的技巧，如果你能真正掌握它，不好意思，你的政治考研分?jǐn)?shù)再也沒有希望低于70分了。論述題：

第一步：仔細(xì)審題。

建議考生找出本題目是關(guān)于哪個(gè)科學(xué)的哪個(gè)章節(jié)，在草稿紙上寫下此章節(jié)內(nèi)所有可能與本題有聯(lián)系的基本概念及原理。大多數(shù)題目是跨章節(jié)，甚至跨學(xué)科的，要注意思維的發(fā)散性。第二步：解釋每一個(gè)概念并寫出原理的基本內(nèi)容。如果自己寫出的相關(guān)概念太多，建議視試卷留出的空白撿重要的寫，解釋概念和原理一般不要超過本題答題空間的二分之一。什么？太多了？不要怕，答多了不扣分。但考生要注意答題時(shí)每個(gè)概念和原理要作為一段，字跡要工整清晰。好了，本題目分?jǐn)?shù)的一半你已經(jīng)拿到了，下面進(jìn)行第三步。

第三步：聯(lián)系實(shí)際。

如果本題是論述題，建議考生根據(jù)本題聯(lián)系實(shí)際中的一些現(xiàn)象，給出評(píng)價(jià)，如果本題是材料題，則材料就是實(shí)際，指出材料中的一些問題，也就是將材料用你學(xué)過的關(guān)于政治的術(shù)語(yǔ)再?gòu)?fù)述一遍。這部分一定有要有，而且要作為一個(gè)段落，字跡工整。

第四步；總結(jié)。

這一部分是絕對(duì)送分的，但也要有技巧。將其作為一個(gè)段落，如果此題是論述題，則將整個(gè)題目再?gòu)?fù)述一遍，不要忘了在前面加上一個(gè)所以；如果此題是材料題，則提倡材料中好的做法，批評(píng)材料中壞的做法。

上面的四步中好像沒有提過辨析題，辨析題就是一個(gè)分值較少而且需要判斷的論述題，除了判斷以外，上面的四步同樣適用。但要求考生特別注意的是辨析題的判斷，千萬不要盲目的說其對(duì)錯(cuò)，例如一些題目的前半部分是對(duì)的而后半部分產(chǎn)錯(cuò)的，有的題目說的不會(huì)面，這些都要指出。材料題：

如何回答政治材料題

一、政治材料分析題的基本特點(diǎn)：

1、提供情境，包含手段和結(jié)果，要求從結(jié)果的好與壞來判斷所運(yùn)用手段是否合理，并要求提出相應(yīng)的解決辦法。

2、要求規(guī)范的答題步驟：先答基本原理，引出配套的方法，進(jìn)而用方法來分析材料。

3、要求多角度分析所蘊(yùn)涵的知識(shí)。

二、解題的基本思路：

1、從方法入手：先判斷材料所持方法（手段）——根據(jù)知識(shí)體系中原理和方法（手段）的固定搭配得出基本原理。

2、判斷方法最主要的依據(jù)是材料中的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句，對(duì)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行范疇歸屬判斷，進(jìn)而了解所持手段（方法）。

3、審題時(shí)應(yīng)注意題目的限制性要求，并由此得出知識(shí)體系的大范圍。

4、應(yīng)注意材料中的效果，如果效果是積極的，說明所持方法（手段）是正確的；如果效果是消極的，說明所持方法（手段）是錯(cuò)誤的。

錯(cuò)誤的情況有很多種，最主要有以下幾種：（1）與正確方法（手段）相對(duì)立；（2）主次顛倒；（3）主次不分；（4）割裂本來存在的聯(lián)系。

5、應(yīng)對(duì)材料進(jìn)行層次分析，以便與方法（手段）相對(duì)應(yīng)。找出所包含條件（重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句），回答時(shí)決不能漏掉材料中所包含條件。

三、答題的基本步驟：

1、先回答基本原理

2、其次回答方法（手段）要求

3、把方法細(xì)化成幾個(gè)方面，與材料層次對(duì)接，用材料替代原理，一一對(duì)應(yīng)。

四、檢查階段：

1、應(yīng)注意材料中所包含的條件是否全部用完，如果沒有用完，說明前面所述知識(shí)點(diǎn)還有缺漏，應(yīng)補(bǔ)齊。

2、檢查重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句范疇判斷是否正確。

3、檢查步驟是否完整、規(guī)范。是否按照：原理———方法———實(shí)踐分析的步驟。

五、復(fù)習(xí)的基本要求：

1、應(yīng)分層對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行整理，分為“是什么”、“為什么”、“怎么辦”三部分，其中，“是什么”和“為什么”屬于基本原理：“怎么辦”屬于方法（手段）。

2、“是什么”主要用與范疇判斷，用以審題中的思路引入，即材料中重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句范疇判斷，借以得出原理。

3、“為什么”主要指關(guān)系、地位和作用、意義等，它是方法（手段）的理論出發(fā)點(diǎn)。

4、“怎么辦”是掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)的落腳點(diǎn)，也是材料引入的關(guān)鍵?！霸趺崔k”不能停留在課本的水平上，還應(yīng)與重大時(shí)事、黨的路線、方針、政策相聯(lián)系，把黨的路線、方針、政策細(xì)化、歸并入課本的基本點(diǎn)。

5、應(yīng)對(duì)所有知識(shí)進(jìn)行規(guī)范化整理，一方面，把所有知識(shí)分解為基本原理和基本要求（方法或手段）兩大塊；另一方面，按大、中、小三個(gè)

角度進(jìn)行整理，“大”指最基本的原理，“中”指課本的具體要求，“小”指黨的路線、方針、政策（它是課本具體要求的細(xì)化）；第

三、應(yīng)注意知識(shí)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，進(jìn)行橫向整理，以便多角度地思考問題

分析題答題技巧材料分析題在近幾年考研政治試卷中所占的分值比較重，需要考生加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練。

（一）分析題

解答分析題的基本思路和步驟是：

1．仔細(xì)審題并抓關(guān)鍵詞。大多數(shù)分析題是跨章節(jié)，甚至跨學(xué)科的。答題之前要仔細(xì)閱讀題干、材料及問題，答題之前要仔細(xì)閱讀題干、材料及問題，了解題目需要回答什么，為什么要這樣回答，怎么回答。要注意思維的發(fā)散性。這是做好分析體的第一步，也是最關(guān)鍵的一步。找出本題目是關(guān)于哪個(gè)學(xué)科的哪個(gè)章節(jié)，在草稿紙上寫下此章節(jié)內(nèi)所有可能與本題有聯(lián)系的基本概念及原理。對(duì)跨章節(jié)，甚至跨學(xué)科的題目，要注意思維的發(fā)散性。審題可以運(yùn)用以下幾種方法：

（1）逆向?qū)忣}法：先搞清楚題目問什么？有幾問？然后帶著問題閱讀材料。這樣做可以不必要地重復(fù)審題，節(jié)省寶貴的考試時(shí)間。

（2）尋找關(guān)鍵詞：抓關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，力求搞清每段材料的中心含義，努力回憶與此相關(guān)的課文理論，并注意篩選。

（3）分析層次法：對(duì)一大段材料的要分層并弄清每層意思，這種層次性既體現(xiàn)在題干的表述或材料中，也會(huì)明確出現(xiàn)在題后的設(shè)問中。通過分析，抓住試題的主旨，再按其要求分別回答，這樣可以避免遺漏。

2．閱讀材料并組織答案。在審清題意的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)閱讀題干或者材料。閱讀時(shí)可邊閱讀邊劃出材料中帶有結(jié)論性或傾向性的話語(yǔ)，或者在草稿紙上寫下相關(guān)信息（注意不要沉溺于細(xì)節(jié)、事例或者數(shù)字），同時(shí)搜索、提取大腦中平時(shí)儲(chǔ)存的相關(guān)知識(shí)，然后理清思路，組織答案。

3．答題時(shí)注意：

（1）凡問現(xiàn)象的問題，首先回答表象，即看到什么，就回答什么，不需太展開，簡(jiǎn)要回答即可。隨后，必須回答現(xiàn)象之后隱含的實(shí)質(zhì)（本質(zhì)），這才是重點(diǎn)。

（2）凡是“分析”、“評(píng)述”的，就需要用原理緊扣材料進(jìn)行分析。一般的思路是先表述相關(guān)原理，然后再聯(lián)系材料中的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析、評(píng)述，可按是什么、為什么、怎么樣的思路組織答案。

（3）回答問題注意層次性，要行文規(guī)范，簡(jiǎn)潔干練，表述準(zhǔn)確，答案能緊扣要點(diǎn)，切忌東拉西扯、繁瑣冗長(zhǎng)。

（二）材料分析題

材料分析在2006年統(tǒng)一歸進(jìn)了分析題中，其形式獨(dú)特，分值比例大，難度也不小，是考生考研中的一大難點(diǎn)，這里就單獨(dú)列出再講述一下其答題技巧。考生在解答材料分析題時(shí)要注意兩點(diǎn)：一要注重聯(lián)系實(shí)際，材料歸納出來后，用相關(guān)的事實(shí)理論做依據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。二是結(jié)合理論分析問題時(shí)，要盡可能全面。材料涉及幾個(gè)點(diǎn)，答題時(shí)就要將這幾個(gè)點(diǎn)答全，每個(gè)點(diǎn)不需要展開太多，但要把基本要點(diǎn)說到。解答材料題時(shí)，尤其要注意層次和邏輯，不要自相矛盾，在答案中最好把觀點(diǎn)一一羅列出來，便于閱卷教師找到要點(diǎn)。

解答材料式分析題的基本要求：在理論部分，要求準(zhǔn)確選擇與解題有關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這是解

題的主導(dǎo)部分，是命題的出發(fā)點(diǎn)、立足點(diǎn)和依據(jù)。要準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔地回答出有關(guān)理論知識(shí)內(nèi)容。這一部分答好了，就能為下一步解題做好鋪墊，使后面的分析論述有理有據(jù)。

首先，“掐頭取尾”，看題干提示句和題后要求回答的問題。一般的材料題開題就有一句：“下面是一組關(guān)于......的材料”，這就給考生在閱讀時(shí)獲取什么樣的信息界定了范圍，使閱讀不再盲目，以獲取相關(guān)信息為重；然后，再迅速瀏覽題后問題，問題的要求又進(jìn)一步縮小了信息取舍的范圍，什么是“的”，在這里就確定了。最后，帶著問題閱讀材料。

其次，仔細(xì)而快速地閱讀材料。認(rèn)真研讀試題材料，準(zhǔn)確把握材料內(nèi)容，深挖材料內(nèi)涵。材料分析題的材料靈活多變，無一固定模式。有文字型的、圖表型的：文字型的可分為摘自報(bào)刊、古籍、文件、人物講話，也有命題者描述某種現(xiàn)象，提出幾種觀點(diǎn)的；圖表型的有漫畫、表格、地圖、歷史文物圖片、函數(shù)圖等。材料可能是一則，也可能有多則；既有單一類型的，也有文字型、圖表型混合的；材料長(zhǎng)短也各異，有的十分簡(jiǎn)短，有的篇幅冗長(zhǎng)。不管材料以何種形式出現(xiàn)，認(rèn)真閱讀材料是基礎(chǔ)，掌握其中信息是關(guān)鍵。

一般的材料提供信息很多，有主有次，還有重復(fù)的，這就提醒考生在做這類試題、閱讀材料時(shí)，邊讀邊用鉛筆將含義相同的歸類，并用1、2、3、......標(biāo)注，對(duì)重要的核心句或者關(guān)鍵詞，在下面畫線，以備答題時(shí)直接應(yīng)用，避免大量的重復(fù)閱讀，造成無為的浪費(fèi)。第三，利用獲取的信息回答問題。在答題論述時(shí)，要求做到觀點(diǎn)和材料的統(tǒng)一。這是解題的主體部分，要求考生用選定的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)，聯(lián)系題中的材料進(jìn)行分析論述，把理論與實(shí)際、觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)結(jié)合起來，即做到事理交融，觀點(diǎn)統(tǒng)帥材料。要緊扣材料分析，或從材料中提煉出觀點(diǎn)，或用觀點(diǎn)分析材料，或用材料論證觀點(diǎn)。防止就事論事，或就理論談理論。第四，簡(jiǎn)短有力地做好小結(jié)。在小結(jié)部分，要牢牢抓住題意，適可而止。這是答題的結(jié)尾部分，是解題的落腳點(diǎn)。在結(jié)尾時(shí)，或針砭時(shí)弊，或點(diǎn)明意義，或聯(lián)系自身，這些都要從題意出發(fā)，恰到好處，總的要求是思路清晰、表述簡(jiǎn)練、視角豐富，達(dá)到用畫龍點(diǎn)睛、升華主題的目的就可。

第四篇：GRE寫作名人例子

在練習(xí)作文的過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人名在很多人名在很多題材的作文中都可以反復(fù)用到,在沒有總結(jié)這些名字之前,老是寫新文章時(shí)就忘記了以前用過的人名的拼寫.所以就開始積累常用人名了.由于論壇里其它形式的資料帖都有了,為求有點(diǎn)新意,能給g友們更快地提升作文,遂決定把本人的人名總結(jié)及其適用文章貢獻(xiàn)出來.:)

由于適用的文章是我臨時(shí)回憶的,所以肯定不止下面列舉的這些適用文章.歡迎補(bǔ)充!

凡高 Van Gogh: 藝術(shù)類文章里引用,如arts and critics, greatness總是超前時(shí)代的所以只能由后人評(píng)判, history強(qiáng)調(diào)individual(因?yàn)樵谒囆g(shù)歷史領(lǐng)域只能強(qiáng)調(diào)individual),還有percive world with different eyes也可以引用這個(gè)例子.此人的另類抽象painting風(fēng)格和當(dāng)時(shí)的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不符,故遭排擠,而幾百年后的critics才發(fā)現(xiàn)他的價(jià)值.哥白尼 Copernicus:引用題目有:greatness超前時(shí)代,挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威(當(dāng)時(shí)是church),history強(qiáng)調(diào)individual(因?yàn)樵诳茖W(xué)研究領(lǐng)域只能強(qiáng)調(diào)individual).此人是日心說,當(dāng)時(shí)宗教教育說是地心說,死前才公布自已的論斷(因?yàn)榕略缢?.莫扎特 Mozart: greatness只能由后人判斷的反面例子.此人音樂才華在世時(shí)就被教皇看重,給以了很多贊助,使其.......畢加索 Picasso: greatness只能由后人判斷的反面例子,arts反映hidden ideas的反面例子.此人是20世紀(jì)最偉大的畫家,其畫風(fēng)格為cubism,很多人說他的畫只反映個(gè)人的ideocyncratic,而沒有反映社會(huì)的hidden ideas,此人在世時(shí)就被判為greatness了.林肯 Abraham Lincoln: history關(guān)注individuals,effective leader要隨機(jī)應(yīng)變,justand unjust laws.此人南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),解放黑奴,沒有他,可能就沒有今天這樣的美國(guó)了.據(jù)說他在南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前是不支持解放黑奴的,而之后又支持了.馬丁路德金 Martin Luther King: leaders要有很高的moral and ethical standards, history關(guān)注individuals的重要性,just and unjust laws,學(xué)習(xí)歷史的重要性.此人為黑人獲得與白人相同的權(quán)利發(fā)起了黑奴運(yùn)動(dòng),他的“I have a dream”演講教育了一代一代人.他的moral and ethical standards是不用說的,沒有這個(gè)individual,美國(guó)黑人現(xiàn)在可能還要坐在汽車后面的座位.莎士比亞 Shakespeare: greatness由后人評(píng)判的反面例子,survive and arts里強(qiáng)調(diào)arts可以培養(yǎng)人什么的.此人的介紹我就不多說了.貝多芬 Beethoven: arts的重要性,arts and critics.此人為著名作曲家,'命運(yùn)'激勵(lì)了多少人,當(dāng)時(shí)的critics也批斗過他,因?yàn)閟tandards很rigid and stale.希特勒 Hitler:

不能迷信權(quán)威啊,學(xué)習(xí)歷史的重要性啊(不重蹈覆轍),history強(qiáng)調(diào)individual啊.此人是著名戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狂,由于全國(guó)人都迷信他的言論才能坐上首相位置,學(xué)習(xí)他的例子可以使現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)不重蹈他的覆轍,他這個(gè)individual也反映當(dāng)時(shí)common people/multitude的普遍value:戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)主義,chauvinism.加利略 Galileo:不迷信權(quán)威,history強(qiáng)調(diào)individual(因?yàn)樵诳茖W(xué)研究領(lǐng)域只能強(qiáng)調(diào)individual),beginner and expert.當(dāng)時(shí)的expert和authority就是Aristotle,認(rèn)為物體越重下降越快.而此人證明了其實(shí)都是一樣快的.亞力士多德 Aristotle: 和加利略一起舉例.愛因斯坦 Einstein: 不迷信權(quán)威.greatness由后人判斷的反面例子.beginner andexpert中expert的劣勢(shì).此人證明了權(quán)威牛頓三大定律只能在宏觀世界有效,而不適于微觀世界.其greatness在其在世時(shí)就確立了,他曾說過,自從他成名后,就沒能找出一段完整屬于自己的時(shí)間來深入思考這個(gè)世界了.牛頓 Newton.不迷信權(quán)威,greatness由后人判斷.此人是個(gè)權(quán)威,被愛因斯坦挑戰(zhàn)見愛因斯坦那條.華盛頓 George Washington: history研究individual的重要性.leaders 要有moralstandards.此人為美國(guó)開國(guó)總統(tǒng),沒有他開了連續(xù)任兩屆總統(tǒng)就得下臺(tái)的先河,可能美國(guó)在他之后好久都是專制國(guó)家,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)有人要他當(dāng)皇帝.凱薩 Caesar.history研究individual的重要性.此人即是亞利山大大帝,所建立的亞力山大帝國(guó)地跨三大陸.研究那個(gè)帝國(guó)如果研究他,只研究multitude怎么能研究得下去?

托馬斯.杰佛森 Thomas Jefferson: 這個(gè)有點(diǎn)想不起來用在哪里了.此人說過all men are created

equal->the declaration of independence:

甘地 Gandhi: greatness的文章,leaders and moral standards的文章.此人是印度的建國(guó)祖師,坐過很多牢,stoic,情操很高,結(jié)果可以只demenstration來和平解放印度.拿破侖 Napoleon: individual的重要性.此人是著名戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狂,他的發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)雖然很荒唐,但卻被法國(guó)中場(chǎng)階認(rèn)為很浪漫,他的individual反映當(dāng)時(shí)的普遍價(jià)值觀.肯尼迪 Kennedy: scandals,leaders should have moral standards.此人在位時(shí)很大程度緩解了蘇美關(guān)系.卻有marital scandals.所以scandals會(huì)distract us from

people's real responsibility.羅斯福 Roosevelt(FDR): individual的重要性,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要聽取群眾意見,隨機(jī)應(yīng)變.此人有兩大貢獻(xiàn):發(fā)動(dòng)反德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),帶美國(guó)走出Depression.沒有他的發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)宣言,可能WWII不會(huì)這么快結(jié)束.據(jù)說一位英國(guó)著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家曾寫信給他說要他采取蘇聯(lián)模式來政府介入自由經(jīng)濟(jì),操控經(jīng)濟(jì),才使他在1930年代出臺(tái)各種政府措施來改善經(jīng)濟(jì),使得經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇(大國(guó)崛起里說的).成吉斯汗 Genghis Khan: 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要聽取群眾意思,而不是有強(qiáng)硬持久的原則和目標(biāo): 這個(gè)也不用介紹了.斯大林 Stalin: 同成吉斯汗.達(dá)爾文 Darwin: 挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威.進(jìn)化論的祖師爺,寫過'the origin of species'.挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)時(shí)普遍的神創(chuàng)論.孟德爾 Mendel: expert and beginner,data的重要性.因?yàn)槭莈xpert,因?yàn)樽隽耸暄芯糠e累了大量data,才由統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)原理發(fā)現(xiàn)了law of Inheritance.瓦特 Watt James: 很多都適用,如creativity很重要啊,興趣很重要而不是老去考慮對(duì)社會(huì)會(huì)有什么貢獻(xiàn)啊.此人發(fā)明了蒸汽機(jī),從小喜歡機(jī)械,并一直研究.里根 Reagon: 投資類題目適用.他發(fā)起了星球計(jì)劃.為將來的太空軍備競(jìng)賽作準(zhǔn)備.結(jié)果由于工程浩大而放棄,浪費(fèi)了很多錢,所以投資都應(yīng)該用在對(duì)社會(huì)有實(shí)在好處上.居里 Mary Curie: 學(xué)習(xí)歷史人物的重要性,失敗是成功之母.此女人經(jīng)過十年才找到radium這種元素,并把提取方法毫無保留地與全世界共享,獲得了若貝爾獎(jiǎng).其堅(jiān)持不懈的品質(zhì)值得學(xué)習(xí),其十年失敗,終成功的例子說明了失敗是成功之母.克里克 Crick: imagination and knowledge.此人很變態(tài),發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA結(jié)構(gòu)是由于做夢(mèng)!

麥克斯維 Maxwell: imagination and knowledge,greatness由后人判斷.此人是著名物理學(xué)家,他大膽推測(cè)出電磁場(chǎng)理論electromagnetism并給予理論證明,但當(dāng)時(shí)很多人不能相信,在他死后就有人從實(shí)驗(yàn)室證明了他的理論.

第五篇：古今中外名人例子

古今中外名人例子

古今中外名人事例

1、李時(shí)珍與《本草綱目》

李時(shí)珍，明朝人，是一位偉大的醫(yī)學(xué)家和藥物學(xué)家。李時(shí)珍家世代行醫(yī)，他的父親醫(yī)術(shù)很高，給病人看病常常不收診費(fèi)，就是不愿意讓自己的兒子再當(dāng)醫(yī)生：因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候行醫(yī)是讓人看不起的職業(yè)。李時(shí)珍可不這樣想，他暗自下定決心，要向父親那樣為病人治病。

李時(shí)珍22歲開始給人看病，一面行醫(yī)，一面研究藥物。他發(fā)現(xiàn)很多舊的藥物書有不少缺點(diǎn)，于是下定決心重新編寫一部完善的藥物書。為了寫這部藥物書，李時(shí)珍不但在治病的時(shí)候注意積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，還親自到各地去采藥。他不怕山高路遠(yuǎn)，不怕嚴(yán)寒酷暑，走遍了盛產(chǎn)藥材的名山。他有時(shí)好幾天不下山，餓了吃些干糧，天黑了就在山上過夜。他走了上萬里路，拜訪了千百個(gè)醫(yī)生、老農(nóng)、漁民和獵人，向他們學(xué)到了許多書本上沒有的知識(shí)。他還親口品嘗了許多藥材，判斷藥性和藥效。

他回到老家，花了整整27年的時(shí)間，終于編寫成了一部新的藥物書，就是著名的《本草綱目》，這部書有一百多萬字，記載了一千八百多種藥物，每一種都有圖，是中藥書籍中一部偉大的著作，已經(jīng)被譯成幾國(guó)文字，在全世界流傳。

2、.身殘志堅(jiān)張海迪

張海迪 5 歲時(shí)因患脊髓血管瘤，高位截癱，她因此沒有進(jìn)過學(xué)校，童年時(shí)就開始以頑強(qiáng)的毅力自學(xué)知識(shí)，她先后自學(xué)了小學(xué)、中學(xué)、大學(xué)的專業(yè)課程。張海迪 15 歲時(shí)隨父母下放聊城莘縣一個(gè)貧窮的小山村，但她沒有懼怕艱苦的生活，而是以樂觀向上的精神奉獻(xiàn)自己的青春。在那里給村里小學(xué)的孩子們教書，并且克服種種困難學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)，熱心地為鄉(xiāng)親們針灸治病，在莘縣期間，她無償?shù)貫槿藗冎尾∫蝗f多人次，受到人們的熱情贊譽(yù)。

張海迪身殘志堅(jiān)，抱著“是顆流星，就要把光留給人間”的堅(jiān)定信念，忍著常人難以想象的苦痛，自學(xué)了英，德，日語(yǔ)。還翻譯了十三萬字的英文小說，寫了大量的文學(xué)作品，作出了令世人矚目的成績(jī)。

3、炸藥之父———諾貝 爾

諾貝爾的父親是一位頗有才干的發(fā)明家，傾心于化學(xué)研究，尤其喜歡研究炸藥。受父親的影響，諾貝爾從小就表現(xiàn)出頑強(qiáng)勇敢的性格，他經(jīng)常和父親一起去實(shí)驗(yàn)炸藥。多年隨父親研究炸藥的經(jīng)歷，也使他的興趣很快轉(zhuǎn)到應(yīng)用化學(xué)方面。

1862年夏天，他開始了對(duì)硝化甘油的研究。這是一個(gè)充滿危險(xiǎn)和犧牲的艱苦歷程。死亡時(shí)刻都在陪伴著他。在一次進(jìn)行炸藥實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)發(fā)生了爆炸事件，實(shí)驗(yàn)室被炸的無影無蹤，5個(gè)助手全部犧牲，連他最小的弟弟也未能幸免。這次驚人的爆炸事故，使諾貝爾的父親受到了十分沉重的打擊，沒有多久就去世了。他的鄰居們出于恐懼，也紛紛向政府控告諾貝爾，此后，政府不準(zhǔn)諾貝爾在市內(nèi)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。

但是諾貝爾百折不撓，他把實(shí)驗(yàn)室搬到市郊湖中的一艘船上繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的研究，他終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種非常容易引起爆炸的物質(zhì)－－雷酸汞，他用雷酸汞做成炸藥的引爆物，成功地解決了炸藥的引爆問題，這就是雷管的發(fā)明。當(dāng)他滿臉鮮血從爆炸成功的硝煙鉆出時(shí)，卻興奮的大叫“我成功了”

諾貝爾一生的發(fā)明極多，獲得的專利就有255種，其中僅炸藥就達(dá)129種，就在生命的垂危之際，他仍念念不忘對(duì)新型炸藥的研究

4、居里夫人的故事

幾十年前，波蘭有個(gè)叫瑪妮雅的小姑娘，學(xué)習(xí)非常專心。不管周圍怎么吵鬧，都分散不了她的注意力。

一次，瑪妮雅在做功課，她姐姐和同學(xué)在她面前唱歌、跳舞、做游戲。瑪妮雅就像沒看見一樣，在一旁專心地看書。

姐姐和同學(xué)想試探她一下。她們悄悄地在瑪妮雅身后搭起幾張凳子，只要瑪妮雅一動(dòng)，凳子就會(huì)倒下來。時(shí)間一分一秒地過去了，瑪妮雅讀完了一本書，凳子仍然豎在那兒。

從此姐姐和同學(xué)再也不逗她了，而且像瑪妮雅一樣專心讀書，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。故事之一：簡(jiǎn)樸生活 瑪妮雅長(zhǎng)大以后，成為一個(gè)偉大的的科學(xué)家。她就是居里夫人。1895年，居里夫人和比埃爾?居里結(jié)婚時(shí)，新房里只有兩把椅子，正好兩人各一把。比埃爾?居里覺得椅子太少，建議多添幾把，以免客人來了沒地方坐，居里夫人卻說：“有椅子是好的，可是，客人坐下來就不走啦。為了多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間搞研究，還是算了吧。”

從1913年起，居里夫人的年薪已增至4萬法郎，但她照樣“吝嗇”。她每次從國(guó)外回來，總要帶回一些宴會(huì)上的菜單，因?yàn)檫@些菜單都是很厚很好的紙片，在背面寫字很方便。難怪有人說居里夫人一直到死都“像一個(gè)匆忙的貧窮婦人”。

有一次，一位美國(guó)記者尋訪居里夫人，他走到村子里一座漁家房舍門前，向赤足坐在門口石板上的一位婦女打聽居里夫人的住處，當(dāng)這位婦女抬起頭時(shí)，記者大吃一驚：原來她就是居里夫人。

.淡泊名利

居里夫人天下聞名，但她既不求名也不求利。她一生獲得各種獎(jiǎng)金10次，各種獎(jiǎng)?wù)?6枚，各種名譽(yù)頭銜107個(gè)，卻全不在意。有一天，她的一位朋友來她家做客，忽然看見她的小女兒正在玩英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)剛剛頒發(fā)給她的金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，于是驚訝地說“居里夫人，得到一枚英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，是極高的榮譽(yù)，你怎么能給孩子玩呢?”居里夫人笑了笑說：“我是想讓孩子從小就知道，榮譽(yù)就像玩具，只能玩玩而已，絕不能看得太重，否則就將一事無成?！?/p>

5、.宇宙之王霍金是誰(shuí)

他是一個(gè)大腦，一個(gè)神奇，一個(gè)當(dāng)代最杰出的理論物理學(xué)家，一個(gè)科學(xué)名義上的巨人?；艚鹦r(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)能力并不是很強(qiáng)，他很晚才學(xué)會(huì)閱讀，上學(xué)后在班里的成績(jī)從來沒超過前十名，而且往往因?yàn)樽鳂I(yè)很不整潔，老師覺得是無藥可救的孩子，同學(xué)們也把他當(dāng)作嘲弄的對(duì)象，霍金十二歲的時(shí)候，班里的兩個(gè)孩子曾用一袋糖果來打賭，說他永遠(yuǎn)不能成才，帶有諷刺意味的給他取了個(gè)愛因斯坦的綽號(hào)，誰(shuí)知二十多年后，從童年時(shí)代起，運(yùn)動(dòng)從來就不是霍金的長(zhǎng)項(xiàng)，幾乎所有的球類活動(dòng)他都不行。到牛津的第三年，霍金注意到自己變得更笨拙了，有一兩回沒有任何原因地跌倒。一次，他不知何故從樓梯上突然跌下來，當(dāng)即昏迷，差一點(diǎn)死去。直到1962年霍金在劍橋讀研究生后，他的母親才注意到兒子的異常狀況。剛過完21歲生日的霍金在醫(yī)院里住了兩個(gè)星期，經(jīng)過各種各樣的檢查，他被確診患上了“盧伽雷氏癥”，即運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞萎縮癥。大夫?qū)λf，他的身體會(huì)越來越不聽使喚，只有心臟、肺和大腦還能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，到最后，心和肺也會(huì)失效。霍金被“宣判”只剩兩年的生命。那是在1963年。起初，這種病惡化得相當(dāng)迅速。這對(duì)霍金的打擊是可想而知的，他幾乎放棄了一切學(xué)習(xí)和研究，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為自己不可能活到完成碩士論文的那一天。

霍金的病情漸漸加重。1970年，在學(xué)術(shù)上聲譽(yù)日隆的霍金已無法自己走動(dòng)，他開始使用輪椅。直到今天，他再也沒離開它。永遠(yuǎn)坐進(jìn)輪椅的霍金，極其頑強(qiáng)地工作和生活著。1991年3月，霍金在一次坐輪椅回柏林公寓，過馬路時(shí)被小汽車撞倒，左臂骨折，頭被劃破，縫了13針，但48小時(shí)后，他又回到辦公室投入工作。又有一次，他和友人去鄉(xiāng)間別墅，上坡時(shí)拐彎過急，輪椅向后傾倒，不料這位引力大師卻被地球引力翻倒在灌木叢中。雖然身體的殘疾日益嚴(yán)重，霍金卻力圖像普通人一樣生活，完成自己所能做的任何事情。這位量子引力的大師級(jí)人物，多次在微弱的地球引力左右下，跌下輪椅，幸運(yùn)的是，每一次他都頑強(qiáng)地重新“站”起來。1985年，霍金動(dòng)了一次穿氣管手術(shù)，從此完全失去了說話的能力。他就是在這樣的情況下，極其艱難地寫出了著名的《時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)史》，探索著宇宙的起源。

6、假如給我三天光明

海倫?凱勒是美國(guó)著名作家和教育家。一八八二年，在她一歲多的時(shí)候，因?yàn)榘l(fā)高燒，腦部受到傷害，從此以后，她的眼睛看不到，耳朵聽不到，后來，連話也說不出來了。

她在黑暗中摸索著長(zhǎng)大。七歲那一年，家里為她請(qǐng)了一位家庭教師，也就是影響海倫一生的蘇利文老師。蘇利文在小時(shí)候眼睛也差點(diǎn)失明，了解失去光明的痛苦。在她辛苦的指導(dǎo)下，海倫用手觸摸學(xué)會(huì)手語(yǔ)，摸點(diǎn)字卡學(xué)會(huì)了讀書，后來用手摸別人的嘴唇，終於學(xué)會(huì)說話了。

蘇利文老師為了讓海倫接近大自然，讓她在草地上打滾，在田野跑跑跳跳，在地里埋下種子，爬到樹上吃飯；還帶她去摸一摸剛出生的小豬，也到河邊去玩水。海倫在老師愛的關(guān)懷下，竟然克服失明與失聰?shù)恼系K，完成了大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)。

一九三六年，和她朝夕相處五十年的老師離開人間，海倫非常的傷心。海倫知道，如果沒有老師的愛，就沒有今天的她，決心要把老師給她的愛發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。於是，海倫跑遍美國(guó)大大小小的城市，周游世界，為殘障的人到處奔走，全心全力為那些不幸的人服務(wù)。

一九六八年，海倫八十七歲去世，她終生致力服務(wù)殘障人士的事跡，傳遍全世界。她寫了很多書，她的故事還拍成了電影。蘇利文老師把最珍貴的愛給了她，她又把愛散播給所有不幸的人，帶給他們光明和希望。

7、.高爾基寧肯挨打也要讀書

高爾基是前蘇聯(lián)大文豪，列寧稱他是“無產(chǎn)階級(jí)藝術(shù)的最杰出的代表人物”。他出生在沙俄時(shí)代的一個(gè)木匠家庭，4歲喪父，寄養(yǎng)在外祖母家。因?yàn)榧彝O為寒，他只讀過兩年小學(xué)。10歲時(shí)就走入冷酷的“人間”。他當(dāng)過學(xué)徒，搬運(yùn)工人，守認(rèn)人，面包師。還兩度到俄國(guó)南方流浪，受盡苦難生活的折磨。但他十分喜歡讀書，在任何情況下，他都要利用一切機(jī)會(huì)，撲在書上如饑似渴地讀著。如他自己所說：“我撲在書，就像饑餓的人撲在面包上一樣?！彼麨榱俗x書，受盡了屈辱。10歲時(shí)在鞋店當(dāng)學(xué)徒，沒有錢買書，就到處借書讀。那時(shí)的學(xué)齡前徒，實(shí)際上是奴仆：上街買東西，生爐子，擦地板，洗菜帶孩子……每天從早晨干到半認(rèn)。在勞累一天之后，用自制的小燈，堅(jiān)持讀書。老板娘禁止高爾基讀書，還到閣樓上搜書，搜到書就撕碎。因?yàn)樽x書，還挨過老板娘的毒打。高爾基為了看書，什么都能忍受，甚至甘愿忍受拷打。他說過：“假如有人向我提議說：?你去廣場(chǎng)上用棍棒打你一頓！?我想，就是這種條件，我也可以接受的?！庇捎诟郀柣簧琊囁瓶实刈x書，勤奮不懈地努力，他寫下了大量有影響的作品：《海燕》、《鷹之歌》、《母親》、《克里姆?薩姆金的一生》、《童年》、《人間》、《我的大學(xué)》。除此之外，還寫了劇本和大量的政論、特寫、文

8、發(fā)明家愛迪生

愛迪生8歲上學(xué)，但僅僅讀了三個(gè)月的書，就被老師斥為“低能兒”而攆出校門(因“愚鈍糊涂”被勒令退學(xué)了)。從此以后，他的母親是他的“家庭教師”，決定自己教兒子讀書識(shí)字，并教育他要誠(chéng)實(shí)、愛祖國(guó)、愛人類。由于母親的良好的教育方法，使得他對(duì)讀書發(fā)生了濃厚的興趣。，一次他在火車上做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，列車突然顛簸，使一塊磷落在木板上，引起燃燒。列車員趕來?yè)錅缌嘶鹧?，也狠狠地給了他一個(gè)耳光，打聾了他的左耳，他被趕下了火車，那時(shí)愛迪生才16歲

愛迪生一生共有約兩千項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造發(fā)明，為人類的文明和進(jìn)步做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。他每發(fā)明一樣?xùn)|西，都要進(jìn)行無數(shù)次的試驗(yàn)，失敗，再試驗(yàn)，但他從不氣餒。在進(jìn)行電燈鎢絲試驗(yàn)時(shí)，他失敗了一千多次，依舊堅(jiān)持不懈。最終成功解決了電燈泡的鎢絲問題，獲得了“人類光明的使者”的美譽(yù)。愛迪生的文化程度極低，對(duì)人類的貢獻(xiàn)卻這么巨大，這里的“秘訣”是什么呢？他除了有一顆好奇的心，一種親自試驗(yàn)的本能，就是他具有超乎常人的艱苦工作的無窮精力和果敢精神。當(dāng)有人稱愛迪生是個(gè)“天才”時(shí)，他卻解釋說：“天才就是百分之一的靈感加上百分之九十九的汗水。”

愛迪生一生只上過三個(gè)月的小學(xué)，他的學(xué)問是靠母親的教導(dǎo)和自修得來的。他的成功，還應(yīng)該歸功于母親自小對(duì)他的諒解與耐心的教導(dǎo)。原來被人認(rèn)為是低能兒的愛迪生，長(zhǎng)大后成為舉世聞名的“發(fā)明大王”。