第一篇：中國石油大學(xué)環(huán)境工程專業(yè)科技英語考試題型說明

科技英語題型說明

{注：信息綜合自多個班級，不會有很大偏差。另外教材只考1-7單元，第3單元不考。第7單元只考詞匯（短語翻譯）}

一．聽力（10分）

10個單選

兩篇聽力短文，均來自視聽說教材1-7單元每個單元的前3個part。

二．詞匯（15分）

30個單選

其中20個來自教材內(nèi)選擇題，10個來自課外

三．翻譯（20分）

共20個（課本中phrase and expressions部分,沒有句子翻譯）其中漢譯英 10個（來自PartA）

英譯漢10個（來自Part B、C)

四．閱讀理解（40分）

A、B、C部分各出一篇，另外一篇來自課外（此說法來自Jack Jiang，有班級通知兩篇課內(nèi)兩篇課外的?？傊瓵 B C三部分都要看）

五．作文（15分）

要求寫150詞左右

只要大家認真復(fù)習(xí)課本還有課后習(xí)題，就一定能取得好成績！也

第二篇：中國石油大學(xué) 北京 環(huán)境工程

中國石油大學(xué)(北京)環(huán)境工程專業(yè)介紹

【專業(yè)簡介】

A 培養(yǎng)目標：本專業(yè)培養(yǎng)德、智、體全面發(fā)展、具備扎實的環(huán)境科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論和相關(guān)學(xué)科知識，能夠從事石油及化學(xué)工業(yè)廢水、廢氣、廢渣、噪聲和其它污染的控制與治理規(guī)劃設(shè)計、科學(xué)研究和管理的高級工程技術(shù)人才。

B 培養(yǎng)要求：本專業(yè)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)、物理、物理化學(xué)、有機化學(xué)、無機及分析化學(xué)、環(huán)境化學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，主要學(xué)習(xí)化工原理、環(huán)境工程微生物學(xué)、環(huán)境工程監(jiān)測、環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價、水處理工程、大氣污染控制工程等環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)科的基本理論和基本知識。受到外語、計算機應(yīng)用、污染物監(jiān)測和分析、科學(xué)研究與工程設(shè)計、管理及規(guī)劃方面的基本訓(xùn)練，具有環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)研究、工程設(shè)計和管理規(guī)劃方面的基本能力。畢業(yè)生應(yīng)獲得以下幾方面的知識和能力:

（1）掌握數(shù)學(xué)、外語、物理、計算機、化學(xué)、環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)科及化學(xué)工程學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)理論知識；

（2）掌握水污染控制工程、大氣污染控制工程、噪聲控制工程及固體廢物處理處置與資源化工程的基本原理及設(shè)計方法,具有污染治理工藝、設(shè)備研究和開發(fā)的初步能力；

（3）能使用現(xiàn)代分析儀器及測試儀器,具有較強的實驗和環(huán)境監(jiān)測能力,具有HSE管理體系、環(huán)境規(guī)劃與管理、環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價研究和應(yīng)用的能力;

（4）具有較強的外語和計算機應(yīng)用能力；

（5）了解環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)的理論前沿和發(fā)展動態(tài)。

C 培養(yǎng)對象：培養(yǎng)環(huán)境工程專業(yè)本科生、大專生。本科生學(xué)制四年，授予工學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。

D 主干學(xué)科：環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程。

E 主要課程：高等數(shù)學(xué)、大學(xué)物理、基礎(chǔ)外語、無機化學(xué)及化學(xué)分析、物理化學(xué)、有機化學(xué)、化工原理、環(huán)境化學(xué)、環(huán)境工程監(jiān)測、環(huán)境工程微生物學(xué)、計算機應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)、環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價、水處理工程、大氣污染控制工程、固體廢物處理工程。

F 主要實踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)：化工原理課程設(shè)計，計算機應(yīng)用及上機實習(xí)、工程制圖、金工實習(xí)、環(huán)境工程監(jiān)測實驗、環(huán)境工程微生物實驗、水處理工程實驗、大氣污染控制實驗、認識實習(xí)、專業(yè)實習(xí)、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）等，一般安排41周左右。

G 主要專業(yè)實驗：環(huán)境監(jiān)測實驗（包括污水中COD、BOD、石油類、氨氮、揮發(fā)酚、硫化物、懸浮物及大氣中SO2、NOx、非甲烷烴等項目的測定）、環(huán)境工程微生物實驗（包括微生物的觀察、微生物染色技術(shù)、培氧基制備及滅菌、環(huán)境中的微生物、水中大腸菌群的測定等實驗項目）、水處理實驗（包括混凝、過濾、氣浮、吸附、曝氣、自由沉降、廢水可生化性等實驗項目）、大氣污染控制實驗（包括除塵、吸收、吸附等實驗項目）。

H 學(xué)生繼續(xù)深造方向：水污染防治與回用、環(huán)境微生物工程、環(huán)境監(jiān)測方法研究及開發(fā)等?？佳斜?5%以上。

I 四年內(nèi)畢業(yè)人數(shù)：39人（2003屆）、63人（2004屆）、92人（2005屆）、30人（2006屆）

需要環(huán)境工程真題資料的聯(lián)系qq173488256

第三篇：科技英語考試題型 (知己知彼,百戰(zhàn)不殆)

科技英語考試題型 考試范圍 Unit1--8

第一題閱讀 共4篇文章，20個選擇題目，每個2分，共40分·

（其中課本AB篇文章各一篇，課外科技文獻2篇）第二題詞匯選擇10個，每個1分，共10分

（范圍為課本A篇文章的詞匯連線題）第三題短語翻譯（術(shù)語翻譯）共10個（英漢各5個），每個2分，共20分

（范圍為課本A篇文章的短語翻譯）第四題句子翻譯（英翻漢），6句話，每句話滿分為5分，共30分

（范圍為A篇文章課后英譯漢中選取4個，另外2句為課外為與課文內(nèi)容相關(guān)的科技文獻翻譯）注意：為了便于閱卷和裝訂，試卷分為試卷一和試卷二，試卷一為試題冊，試卷二為答題紙，答案務(wù)必寫在試卷二上。

考試題目不會很難，基本都能直接從文章中找到答案。

第四篇：科技英語考試

題目結(jié)構(gòu)

基礎(chǔ)部分：

一、改錯（10分）

二、造句（按規(guī)定語法）（10分）

三、選擇（10分）

翻譯部分（手抄）：

注意：下面所說的摘要和兩篇核心每個各取自一篇文獻，i.e.每篇都選一部分內(nèi)容翻譯

四、翻譯摘要（10分）

自己論文的任意一篇【摘要】

基本要求：

1、主謂賓等各個成分沒有錯誤，時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語法使用正確，語句翻譯正確。

2、如果有單詞翻譯錯誤，扣0.5分。

注意：不需要翻譯之前說的結(jié)論了~~

五、大翻譯（60分）

選擇【兩篇不同】的密碼學(xué)或通信文獻中的核心部分——核心理論、主要方法、主要技術(shù)或主要內(nèi)容進行翻譯（【兩篇總漢字數(shù)】不少于2000-2500）。

注意：核心部分就是除了介紹、準備知識和結(jié)論剩下的部分，一般是從文章的第3部分開始，依文獻的具體情況定~

建議翻譯的時候：

1、把復(fù)雜的長句分割，翻譯符合中文表達方式。

2、主謂賓等成分沒有錯誤，時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語法使用正確

3、單詞沒有明顯錯誤。

初步確定是卷子都由老師批改，考試的時候把截取的英文片段打印出來~

英文原文【打印格式】：

把原文摘出來，字體Times New Roman，大小5號，行間距1.25，頁邊距按默認就可以，打印到A4紙上，正反面~

英文中最好注明這一段是選自第幾次翻譯，標號是什么，頁數(shù)是第幾頁開始，比如：（片段截取自第X次翻譯，文獻標號X，Page X）

附上自己學(xué)號和姓名~

考試時間及地點：1月6日9:00-11:00在405

去年考試題型：

一、改錯

就是課后練習(xí)中選

二、翻譯

比如：注意以下句中虛擬語氣的使用

【給一句中文】讓翻譯

三、選擇

類似于閱讀理解

考試形式：

參考上一屆的考試，考場可以帶手機，用手機上的詞典功能，但是要拔SIM卡~ 這里附有一份考試資料，大家可以存在手機上查看，切勿打印出來帶入考場。

大家有好的蘋果以及安卓軟件可以互相推薦下~~最好可以帶搜索的~~要不然一頁一頁翻起來比較麻煩。

第五篇：中國石油大學(xué)(北京)研一英語考試總結(jié)最新版(DOC)

英語作文（考試會從四個題目中選一個）這是其他班老師說的，我們整個年級的試卷一樣，所以還是具有一定的可靠性，作文要求120-150字

1.保護野生動物 Protect wild animals

With human beings on Earth since then, we continue to evolve at the same time has been hurt those lovely animals.They did not at fault, they are only in accordance with the laws of nature live in peace.But since the existence of mankind , their homes become increasingly small.Some animals have even become extinct.In the extinction of animal, the thylacine is the worst.Thylacine in a long time ago to live in the vast prairie, they have been very happy, carefree.Since the arrival of human beings have changed their lives.Due to the large number of human enclosure, livestock grass makes less and less change to many herbivores to move to other grasslands.This herbivorous animals to eat the wolf bag, there is no food.They steal human animals.Farmers would hate the wolf from the bag, see a killing one, on this last one wild thylacine was also killed.When people should be aware of extinct thylacine, the protection of the park began last a thylacine, it thylacine only 48 days before the final days.And 48 days later, the Forever thylacine disappeared from the Earth, the Forever!Of course, not all animals are extinct human killing, some changes in the environment are not suited extinction.However, the extinction of some animals, human beings have an unshirkable responsibility.Since ancient times human beings have been cruel to those animals alone, human deprivation of their right to live.Now seems to have been aware of the extinction of an animal hazards.In order to make money, what people are willing to do so, they sell fur animals, shopping malls, the meat of animals sold to restaurants.But we can not shirk all responsibility to the heads of traders, consumers also have the responsibility, if there is no consumer demand then the traders will not take the risk.Human beings are still eating wild animals.For example: the snake.If the extinction of the snakes, rats would wantonly breeding, then how do we......So each has its biological significance of the existence, they are in the natural law of survival.If a broken food chain, then another will wantonly breeding animals, and even a threat to humanity, we bear in mind the protection of animals.The protection of animals is to protect human beings themselves!參考譯文： 自從地球上有了人類以后，我們在不斷地發(fā)展進化的同時也在不斷的傷害著那些可愛的動物們.他們沒有過錯,他們只是根據(jù)自然界的法則和平的生活著.可是自從有了人類的存在,他們的家園變的越來越小.有些動物甚至已經(jīng)滅絕了.在滅絕的動物里，袋狼算是最慘的了。在很久以前袋狼生活在廣闊的大草原上，它們過的很快活，無憂無慮。自從人類的到來改變了它們的生活。由于人類的大量圈地，飼養(yǎng)牲畜使得綠草變地越來越少，許多食草動物遷徙到別的草原上。這樣以草食性動物為食的袋狼就沒有了食物。它們便去偷人類飼養(yǎng)的動物。農(nóng)場主便痛恨起了袋狼，見一個殺一個，就這樣最后一只野生袋狼也被殺死了。當(dāng)人們意識到袋狼就要滅絕時，才開始保護公園里的最后一只袋狼，這只袋狼才過了最后48天的好日子。而48天后，袋狼永遠的從地球上消失了，永遠的！當(dāng)然不是所有滅絕的動物都是人類殺死,有的是不適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化而滅絕的.但是某些動物的滅絕，人類有著不可推卸的責(zé)任。人類自古以來就一直殘忍地對待著那些動物們,人類剝奪了它們生活的權(quán)利.現(xiàn)在人們似乎還沒有意識到一種動物的滅絕的危害。為了賺錢人什么都愿意做，他們把動物的皮毛賣到商場，把動物的肉賣到餐館。但是我們不能把一切責(zé)任都推卸到商販的頭上，消費者也有責(zé)任，如果沒有消費者的需求那么商販也不會鋌而走險。人類還在吃著野生動物。比如：蛇。如果蛇滅絕了，老鼠會大肆繁殖，到那時候我們該怎么辦…… 因此每一種生物都有它存在的意義，它們都在以自然的法則生存。如果生物鏈的一頭斷了，那么另一種動物就會大肆繁殖，甚至威脅到人類，大家記住保護動物。保護動物就是保護人類自己！

protect wild animals The animal is the friend of our human beings.We live in the same earth.Animals and human beings can’t be separated from each other.But some animals are getting less and less.So it’s necessary for us to protect animals, especially wild animals.Some people kill wild animal because of money.It’s illegal.Beside, because of the development of society, human needs more space to live in, so we explore the forest.Animals have less space to live in.The number of wild animals decreases year by year.It’s high time to take actions to protect wild animals.動物是人類的朋友，我們共同生活在地球上。動物和人類不能彼此分離。但有些動物的數(shù)量越來越少，所以我們有必要去保護動物，特別是野生動物。一小部分人為了賺錢而去獵殺野生動物，這是違法行為。此外，由于社會的發(fā)展，人類需要更多的生活空間，所以要開發(fā)森林。然而動物的生存空間卻變少了。野生動物的數(shù)量逐年減少，現(xiàn)在該是采取措施保護野生動物的時候了。

2.婚姻和家庭

Successful marriage Successful marriage is the most effective form of social support.It relieves the effects of stress, and leads to better mental and physical health.Husbands seem to benefit much more from marriage then wives do.Married women are better physical and mental health, and are happier than single women, but these effects are nearly twice as great for men.Various explanations have been considered, but the most plausible is that wives provide more social support than husbands.Perhaps men need it more? They are more exposed to stresses at work, and have worse health and die earlier then women.In addition, when women get married, their way of life is subject to much greater change and this often leads to boring and isolated in the home for which they are ill-prepared.Despite the benefits of marriage women find it stressful and in better shape if they also have jobs, their earnings and status increase their power in the home, and they may also get social support at work.成功的婚姻是最有效的支持社會的方式。它叫以緩解禮會壓力的作用，使人身心健康。

丈夫似乎從婚姻中得到的好處比妻子多得多。已婚婦女在身心健康方面都優(yōu)越于獨身婦女，但這種影響在男人身上體現(xiàn)得等于女人的兩倍。人們考慮了各種解釋，但最合理的解釋似乎是妻了比丈夫為社會提供的支持。

也許男人更需要婚姻?他們在工作中面臨的壓力，身體比女人差，死得也早。此外，女人結(jié)婚以后，生活方式發(fā)生更大的變化，而這使她們一頭扎進她們還沒有準備好的、乏味的、封閉的家務(wù)活中。盡管結(jié)婚有好處，但女人們還是覺得有壓力。如果她們也有工作，感覺會好一些。她們的收入和地位使她們在家里的地位大增，同時在工作中她們還可以得到社會的支持。

My views of Matrimony(wedding/marriage)

Matrimony is the important to all people's life, two people need to make a full psychological and material preparations.After all, Matrimony is a new life begin, a lot of things can not be the same as pre-marital free，And then, the choice will congsidering some elements, Marriage is easy, divorce is also easy, you must be discreet, Matrimony means you choose to take care of parents, kids, wife and husband more and more.From now on, you are not only thinking yourself.You have to take on the responsible for this family, in particular, the relation between husband and wife.it will be influence to your family's harmony directly.Some researchers say that, true love may only three years, the family love will remaining so many years, because of this feeling is built up the responsibility and affection.In modern times, many people had less responsibility and more like to enjoy.So, the proportion of divorces increased significantly.Actually both spouses must learn to share the obligations, try to learning the way you treat to your lover, especially in housework...=====================

中文原版：

婚姻是一輩子的事，兩個人都需要做好充分的心理準備和物質(zhì)準備。首先、婚姻生活是一個新生活的開始，很多事情不能像婚前一樣自由，而且、在選擇問題上也需考慮清楚一些因素，結(jié)婚很容易，離婚更容易，一定要慎重考慮，結(jié)婚意味著要照顧對父母、孩子、家庭~ 你已經(jīng)不再為自己生活了。你得對這個家負責(zé)，特別是夫妻間的關(guān)系，直接影響到自己和家人的幸福。有學(xué)者說，所謂愛情真正的只有三年，而親情卻可以持續(xù)很多年，因為這是依靠責(zé)任和逐步建立起來的。

現(xiàn)代社會，不少人都少了責(zé)任，多了享受。所以離婚比例在大幅上升。

所以、夫妻雙方必須要學(xué)著共同打理義務(wù)，試著學(xué)會與你伴侶的好的相處方式，尤其在家務(wù)事上。。

婚姻的關(guān)鍵是愛Love is the Key Element to Marriage Many people almost cry their eyes out when watching some soap plys throbbed with love themesLove is the key element that leads a couple before the sacred altar of the church。

許多人在看與愛有關(guān)的肥皂劇時會哭得稀里嘩啦的.因為愛是人們走向教堂圣殿的關(guān)鍵因素。

However, in the past, many people got married without their own consent in China.Their marriage was arranged.Tow persons, a man and a woman, who were entirely strangers, were united in wedlock and became husband and wife.They had known nothing of each other before, and of course, love was a sealed book to both of them.This type of marriage often led to unhappiness.Tragic stories of ill-matched were common enough.然而，在過去，中國的許多人贊同包辦婚姻。他們的婚姻都是被安排的。兩個人，一男一女，他們完全是陌生人，他們被安排結(jié)婚，然后就成為了丈夫和妻子。他們之前是完全不了解對方的，當(dāng)然，愛對他們來說完全就是天書.這類型的婚姻往往都是不幸福的。這種病態(tài)的撮合已經(jīng)造成了夠多的悲劇故事了。Nowadays, it is held by many people that one should not marry without love.A man and a woman may freely make friends with each other.They do not talk of marriage until their friendship has ripened into love.In their marriage, they may take other things into consideration, but they regard love as the most important thing.This type of marriage usually brings happiness.現(xiàn)在，許多人都認為不應(yīng)該結(jié)沒有愛的婚姻。一個男人和女人應(yīng)該按照自己意愿成為朋友。他們不討論婚姻，直到他們的友情發(fā)展成愛情。在他們的婚姻中，他們也會要考慮其他因素，但是他們還是會把愛當(dāng)成最重要的因素。這類型的婚姻往往都是幸福的。

Moreover, love may be a temporary passion, and those who are in love are often blind to other things, so that what we call love matches do not always result in happiness.Therefore, while love is required before a marriage is arranged, it is not the only thing required.再者，愛有可能是一種暫時的激情，愛人們通常會在這期間非常盲目，所以因愛結(jié)合的人也未必是幸福結(jié)局的。因此，有愛的婚姻總是比包辦婚姻好的，但愛也不是唯一的因素。

3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能

My View on Computer With the rapid process of modernization, computer becomes more and more popular.Nowadays, almost every family has a computer.Because of computers, our daily life is improving.隨著現(xiàn)代化進程的加快，計算機變得越來越受歡迎。如今，幾乎每個家庭都有一臺電腦。因為電腦的原因，我們的日常生活得到了提高。

Computer has a great effect on our daily life.In the first place, computer has so many functions.As we have computers, we needn't buy books, radios, TVs and any other things, because computer can take place of them.Secondly, surfing on the Internet must be very interesting.Through the Internet, we can do everything we like.Thirdly, thanks to the Internet, we can get the further education at any time, so we don't have to get up so early in winter days.計算機對我們的生活有很大的影響。首先，電腦有很多功能。有電腦，我們不用買書，聽收音機，看電視或其他東西，因為計算機能代替他們。其次，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上沖浪一定很有趣。通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我們可以做我們喜歡的一切。第三，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我們可以在任何時候獲得進一步的教育，所以我們不用在冬天起那么早床。

However, a coin has two sides, because it's new doesn't mean it's always good.At present, most students spend too much time on computer games.I don't think it's a good phenomenon, because it will do great harm to our eyes as well as our health if we play computer games all the time.然而，事情都具有兩面性，因為它是新的但并不總是好的。目前，大多數(shù)學(xué)生在電腦游戲上花太多時間。我不認為這是個好現(xiàn)象，因為如果我們總是玩電腦游戲的話它會極大地損害我們的眼睛，以及我們的健康。

In my opinion, we should use the computers in the right way.For instance, we can read the latest news on the internet to know the world better;read the e-books to enrich our knowledge or download some useful information for our work.We can also make different friends on the Internet, so that our life will be colorful.I believe computers will be our best friends if we make good use of them.在我看來，我們應(yīng)該以正確的方式使用電腦。例如，我們可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上閱讀最新的新聞來更好地了解這個世界；閱讀電子書來豐富我們的知識或下載一些對我們工作有用的信息。我們還可以在網(wǎng)上交不同的朋友，這樣我們的生活才會豐富多彩。我相信如果我們好好利用電腦，它將是我們最好的朋友。

4.雄心的優(yōu)缺點

Ambition Ambition is a strong desire to propel one to final success in career or other meaningful endeavors.Just like Epstein has artistically put it,“And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed”,ambition renders motivational support for an individual and leads him or her to the real meaning of life.Therefore, I cannot agree more with him in regard to what ambition is and how it functions in one’s life.志向是推動一個人在事業(yè)或者其他有意義的事情能夠最終成功的強烈意志。就像愛普斯坦說的，“而當(dāng)我們決定和選擇時，我們的生活得以形成”。野心能夠激起個人對他們?nèi)松嬉獾奶綄恿?。因此，關(guān)于他說的雄心壯志是什么和對一個人的作用，我非常贊同。

Like the pole star, ambition remains steady and ever bright over one’s life horizon.There is only one secret for success, that is, to go in the direction your goal calls you towards the destination.It is ambition that serves as the guiding principle for a life experience.Without ambition to strive for, we would be justified to remain idle all year round as long as we are fed and keep alive.For instance,a student who dreams of being a political leader appears active in students’ union and extracurricular activities.He works hard, though no one asks him to, at sociology, psychology, law and so on, those sciences highly expected of a politician.It is his ambition that drives him to study hard and take the most advantage of his time at school.So by exercising his ambition at school, he is paving his way for the future.In contrast, poor-performance students are often those without a clear-cut vision for their future.That is why helping students with goal setting are supposed to be a task for all educational practitioners.意志就像北極星一樣堅定地照耀在你人生的地平線上。成功的秘訣只有一個，那就是朝著你的目的地的方向前進。雄心壯志是人生閱歷的引導(dǎo)準則。沒有雄心壯志，我們可能只是整年都空虛地活著，只進食。例如，一個夢想成為政治領(lǐng)袖的學(xué)生會積極地參加學(xué)生會和課外活動。他努力學(xué)習(xí)社會學(xué)，心理學(xué)和法律等等，盡管沒人叫他這么做，這都是成為政治家必要的學(xué)科。他在學(xué)校雄心勃勃，為自己的未來鋪路。與之相反，表現(xiàn)差的學(xué)生通常都對自己的未來沒有清晰地認識。這就是教育家制定目標設(shè)定測試的目的。

As a conclusion, ambition more often than not acts as strong motivation and orientation for a person’s ultimate dream.With it or without it, our life will be formed accordingly.So for a more fruitful end of our life in this world, we all should think and rethink about our ambition.總之，雄心壯志是一個人實現(xiàn)最終夢想的強烈動機和定位。有和沒有雄心壯志，我們的生活一樣繼續(xù)著。為了我們在這個世界上有個碩果累累的終結(jié)，我們應(yīng)該再三思考我們的抱負。

Leadership: Ambition--Vice or Virtue? A pair of new books on Senator Hillary Clinton, as described by the Washington Post, draw a portrait of a woman who is smart, shrewd and very “methodical.” Both books, one by Carl Bernstein(Her Way)and the other by Jeff Gerth and Don Van Natta, Jr.(A Woman in Charge), describe a woman bent on achieving her aims and very ambitious.In other words, she’s a politician.But consider what would a politician be without ambition? Someone standing on the sidelines watching others do the work!Ambition is after all the inner drive that pushes someone to achieve.It is absolutely essential to leadership.Yet so often, as in the case of Mrs.Clinton and most other politicians, ambition is perceived as a negative.Why? Because it is how the politician channels that ambition as in putting the means to end ahead of the end.For example, Huey Long, the crusading governor of Louisiana in the Thirties, wanted to raise the standard of living in his poor state.He did improve the state’s infrastructure(roads, schools, hospitals)through public works, but he achieved his aims through ruthless means and corruption top to bottom.The same might go for corporate executives like the Rigas family that took Adelphia from obscurity to a multi-billion status;they made plenty of money for shareholders, but also robbed those shareholders blindly by, treating the company, as one prosecutor put it, “a personal piggy bank.” Clearly ambition was misplaced for personal gain.Ambition, however, can be force for the good.Here are some ways: Use ambition to capitalize on opportunity.Sometimes opportunity is staring us in the face but we may not recognize it.Ambitious people look at the status quo and see ways to do things differently.It may be to develop a new product, a new process, or a new service.Looking to do things differently can be a force for the good.Entrepreneurs are folks who channel their ambition into looking for new opportunities.Use ambition as a tool for change.Ambition may be the driver that challenges assumptions.Part of a leader’s responsibility is to identify the need for positive change and to usher in that change.It may provoke us to say why are we doing things this way? Asking the questions may stimulate debate and ultimately action that will cause new ideas.Use ambition as tool for personal growth.Ambition is wanting to move to the next step.Fulfilling that dream may require more schooling, more training, and more experience.Ambition can be the spark that pushes you to achieve your dream, often when hard work is involved.Ambition by itself is neither positive nor negative.What you do with the drive, like all human drives, is what matters.As 18th century political theorist, Edmund Burke posited, “Ambition can creep as well as soar.” If ambition causes you to cut corners ethics-wise so much so that you sacrifice integrity and values then ambition can be destructive.Conversely, if you channel your ambition into fulfilling organizational goals that build a stronger and better company and do it in ways that help employees and customers then ambition is a positive.