第一篇：浙大2011考博真題之人文學(xué)院中國(guó)文化史方向

浙大2011考博真題人文學(xué)院之中國(guó)文化史方向

科目一：古漢語(yǔ)

1、談?wù)劇墩f(shuō)文解字》的特點(diǎn)，列舉清代說(shuō)文學(xué)的學(xué)者和著作。（10分）

2、談?wù)劇督?jīng)籍纂詁》和《漢語(yǔ)大詞典》的特色。（15分）

3、就你熟悉的一部古書(shū)談?wù)勂湔Z(yǔ)言特色。（15分）

4、出十個(gè)句子，要求解釋每句的加點(diǎn)字，有繁體的還需寫(xiě)出繁體。共20分。具體的就不記得了，舉幾個(gè)例子：如“古人秉燭夜游，良有以也”，要求解釋“良”和“以”的意思；又如“生人作死別，恨恨那可論”，要求解釋“恨恨”的意思。

5、給出材料，主要要求是標(biāo)點(diǎn)和將其翻譯為現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)，共40分。有兩段材料，分別如下： 其一：

句踐說(shuō)于國(guó)人曰寡人不知其力之不足也而又與大國(guó)執(zhí)讎以暴露百姓之骨于中原此則寡人之罪也寡人請(qǐng)更于是葬死者問(wèn)傷者養(yǎng)生者吊有憂賀有喜送往者迎來(lái)者去民之所惡補(bǔ)民之不足。

其二：

佗之絕技凡此類也然本作士人以醫(yī)見(jiàn)業(yè)意常自悔后太祖親理得病篤重使佗專視佗曰此近難濟(jì)恒事攻治可延歲月佗久遠(yuǎn)家思?xì)w因曰當(dāng)?shù)眉視?shū)方欲暫還耳到家辭以妻病數(shù)乞期不反太祖累書(shū)呼又敕郡縣發(fā)遣佗恃能厭食事猶不上道太祖大怒使人往檢若妻信病賜小豆四十斛寬假限日若其虛詐便收送之於是傳付許獄考驗(yàn)首服荀彧請(qǐng)?jiān)毁⑿g(shù)實(shí)工人命所縣宜含宥之太祖曰不憂天下當(dāng)無(wú)此鼠輩耶遂考竟佗。

科目二：中國(guó)文學(xué)史

1、論建安時(shí)期的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。

2、論南朝樂(lè)府民歌。

3、論劉禹錫、柳宗元的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作。

4、論宋代話本及其藝術(shù)成就。

5、論吳江派和臨川派的戲曲創(chuàng)作。

共五題，各20分。

第二篇：2016年浙大考博英語(yǔ)真題部分試題

2016年浙江大學(xué)博士生英語(yǔ)

聽(tīng)力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.-----文章來(lái)源 托福聽(tīng)力

聽(tīng)力是 托福內(nèi)容，完型填空 是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程第四冊(cè)里面的內(nèi)容~~~

完型閱讀

Gold Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”

PS：聽(tīng)力第一題 五個(gè)答案為：1.a good sampling 2.exotic birds 3.a safe distance 4.running a canoe 5.a close view

2016年浙大英語(yǔ)考博完形填空原文，各位考生可以回憶下 你選對(duì)了幾個(gè)~~~~~Gold

Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”

翻譯原文

Researchers found that sport shoppers don't just bargain hunt for the best deals, but also for the thrill of it.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，“運(yùn)動(dòng)型消費(fèi)者”不僅在尋找最優(yōu)價(jià)，他們還很享受買(mǎi)促銷品帶給他們的興奮感。

Professors from San Francisco State University revealed this new breed of shoppers and presented evidence that they have similar behaviors of competitive athletes in that they view bargain shopping as an achievement domain.Achievement goal theory, which describes the motivational behavior of sports athletes in achieving their athletic goals, was used in the study to better understand the motivation of sport shoppers.The study looked at American undergraduate students, who filled out open-ended surveys, participated in interviews and took part in closet inventories.The researchers then analyzed the information using three categories: task, ego and social approval.'This is somebody who takes great pride in their ability to get the thing they want at a discount,' said Kathleen O'Donnel, associate dean of the School of Business.'It's not about spending the least, it's about saving the most.' O'Donnell is the lead author on an article published online Nov.14 in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, with Judi Strebel, chair of the marketing department, and their Australian colleague Gary Mortimer of Queensland University as co-authors.The article, titled, 'The thrill of victory: Women and sport shopping,' will be published in print early in 2016.

第三篇：川大考博呼吸真題

四川大學(xué)華西2018考博呼吸內(nèi)科及大內(nèi)科真題

呼吸內(nèi)科?？祁}：

1.舉例說(shuō)明三種支氣管擴(kuò)張劑，簡(jiǎn)述期其應(yīng)用，2.有關(guān)哮喘和COPD的一道病例分析題，（20分）

3.ARDS的定義和最新診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，4.CAP的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，5.機(jī)械通氣撤機(jī)困難應(yīng)考慮哪些原因，6.COPD的定義，分級(jí)，分期，7.活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核的治療原則和初治和復(fù)治的要點(diǎn)，大內(nèi)科公共題，選2個(gè)，20分

呼吸：呼吸支持技術(shù)？簡(jiǎn)述其要點(diǎn)

心內(nèi)：冠心病二級(jí)預(yù)防

消化：潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎和crohn腸病鑒別

腎內(nèi)：2選1 AKI診斷及分期

慢性腎功能不全透析指針

內(nèi)分泌：酮癥酸中毒基本處理原則

血液：出血性疾病診斷試驗(yàn)及意義

免疫：系統(tǒng)性硬化的臨床分型，實(shí)驗(yàn)室特點(diǎn)，治療原則

感染：臨床常用抗生素種類及使用基本原則

第四篇：吉大考博馬哲真題

2008年馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理、原著研究

一、列寧《哲學(xué)筆記》中說(shuō)：“問(wèn)題不在于有沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)，而在于如何在概念的邏輯中去表達(dá)它。”如何理解

這個(gè)論斷

二、如何理解人對(duì)世界的否定性統(tǒng)一關(guān)系

三、如何理解人的歷史活動(dòng)與歷史規(guī)律的關(guān)系

四、談?wù)劯母镩_(kāi)放以來(lái)馬克思主義哲學(xué)研究獲取的重要成果

西方哲學(xué)

一、如何理解芝諾“阿基里斯永遠(yuǎn)追不上烏龜”

二、評(píng)述休謨懷疑主義及其對(duì)后世影響

三、黑格爾對(duì)康德先驗(yàn)邏輯的的批判

四、后現(xiàn)代主義哲學(xué)對(duì)西方傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)的批判

2009年馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理、原著研究

一、思維和存在的關(guān)系問(wèn)題

二、馬克思《1844年經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)哲學(xué)手稿》對(duì)黑格爾哲學(xué)的整體評(píng)價(jià)

三、邏輯學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)論辯證法三統(tǒng)一

四、以某一個(gè)哲學(xué)理論為例，談近三十的哲學(xué)發(fā)展（當(dāng)前焦點(diǎn)）

西方哲學(xué)

一、柏拉圖的理念論

二、康德實(shí)踐哲學(xué)

三、黑格爾邏輯學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)論辯證法三者統(tǒng)一

四、后現(xiàn)代主義哲學(xué)思潮特征及其對(duì)馬克思主義哲學(xué)的影響

2010年馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理、原著研究

一、辯證法與形而上學(xué)的比較

二、如何理解《費(fèi)爾巴哈提綱》中的實(shí)踐觀

三、如何理解真理具有客觀性

四、論述近年來(lái)馬克思主義哲學(xué)在中國(guó)的發(fā)展

西方哲學(xué)

一、亞里士多德的形而上學(xué)

二、近代哲學(xué)的主體性，并結(jié)合后現(xiàn)代主義的“主體性已經(jīng)死亡”進(jìn)行論述

三、康德的“二律背反”

四、語(yǔ)言學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)向

2011年馬克思主義哲學(xué)

一、論述關(guān)于《費(fèi)爾巴哈提綱》的內(nèi)容，并評(píng)述。

二、科學(xué)與哲學(xué)的關(guān)系

三、真理論與價(jià)值論的關(guān)系

談?wù)劷陣?guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于歷史唯物主義的主要觀點(diǎn)，并談?wù)勀阕约旱睦斫狻?/p>

西方哲學(xué)

一、亞里士多德的“實(shí)體”學(xué)說(shuō)

二、論述從洛克、貝克萊、休謨經(jīng)驗(yàn)論發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯

三、黑格爾的“實(shí)體即主體”學(xué)說(shuō)

四、邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義如何拒斥形而上學(xué)

第五篇：08-12-13-14年西安交大考博真題__生化與分生

2008年西安交大考博 生化與分生

一．單選題（1分x20）二．不定項(xiàng)選擇題（1分x10）三．名詞解釋（3分x10）

1.one-carbon unit 2.內(nèi)含子 3.選擇性剪接 4.G蛋白 5.糖酵解 6.遺傳密碼 7.核酸分子雜交 8.反義RNA 9.端粒酶 10.（記不起來(lái)了）四．簡(jiǎn)述題（40分）

1． 蛋白質(zhì)分離、純化的方法？

2． 試述原核生物復(fù)制中的酶及各自的功能？

3． 原核生物基因和真核生物基因表達(dá)過(guò)程各自的特點(diǎn)？ 試述在細(xì)胞水平研究基因功能的方法有哪些？

2012年西安交通大學(xué)考博 生化與分生

一，選擇題 1分*30 基本都忘了。。就記得幾個(gè)：核苷酸的最終代謝產(chǎn)物？膽固醇最終個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)化為？動(dòng)態(tài)突變是？真核基因組的特點(diǎn)？ 二，適配題 10分

將10個(gè)常用的分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)與它們的用途配對(duì)，都是很常見(jiàn)的技術(shù) western blot啊，RNAi啊，CHIP啊，ELISE等 三，問(wèn)答題 5分*6個(gè)

1，何謂Km值？ 2，何謂一碳單位？ 3，何謂移碼突變，有何生物意義？

4，mRNA的加工過(guò)程 5，何謂基因表達(dá)的時(shí)空性 6，何謂糖異生，有何意義？ 四，論述 10分*3個(gè)

1，LDL的功能及代謝途徑 2，逆轉(zhuǎn)錄的過(guò)程及意義 3，常用的基因功能分析策略

（生化專業(yè)）考題

名詞解釋：每題1分

40個(gè)，不難，很基礎(chǔ)，認(rèn)真看書(shū)過(guò)30個(gè)沒(méi)問(wèn)題 2.簡(jiǎn)答題：每題5分

操縱子，酶的共價(jià)修飾，一碳單位，不對(duì)稱轉(zhuǎn)錄，基因診斷，糖酵解關(guān)鍵酶 3.論述題：每題10分

G蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)及功能，脂肪酸氧化 3.實(shí)驗(yàn)：每題10分 基因功能研究策略

西安交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院2013生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)考博真題回憶

一、前面是30個(gè)單選題，物質(zhì)代謝和分子生物學(xué)神馬的大概各有一半，有幾個(gè)比較偏的，大部分比較容易

二、簡(jiǎn)答題

1、酶的變構(gòu)調(diào)節(jié)

2、磷酸戊糖途徑的反應(yīng)過(guò)程和生理意義

3、一碳單位及意義

4、基因表達(dá)的時(shí)空性

5、什么是反轉(zhuǎn)錄

6、基因診斷常用的核酸分子雜交技術(shù)

三、問(wèn)答題

某研究生發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)在腫瘤高表達(dá)的基因，問(wèn)

1、如何確定該基因產(chǎn)物與別的蛋白質(zhì)有相互作用。

2、細(xì)胞水平研究該基因功能的方法

3、在體研究該基因功能的方法

四、論述題

1、酮體的生成和利用

2、試闡述“生物大分子的相互作用是信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)控基因表達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)”

3、染色體水平的表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制

2014年西安交通大學(xué)考博 生化與分生

一、40個(gè)單選（40分）

二、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共30分）

1.何謂鳥(niǎo)氨酸循環(huán)，其生物學(xué)意義是什么？

2.何謂DNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄，發(fā)現(xiàn)它的生物學(xué)意義是什么？ 3.細(xì)胞內(nèi)小分子第二信使的特點(diǎn)是什么？ 4.何謂基因敲除，基因敲如，基因敲低？ 5.基因工程中克隆載體和表達(dá)載體有何不同？ 6.轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是什么？

三、論述題（每題10分，共30分）1.試述蛋白質(zhì)翻譯后化學(xué)修飾的主要類型和作用 2.試述真核生物基因表達(dá)的染色質(zhì)水平調(diào)控 3.試述研究核酸-蛋白質(zhì)相互作用的主要方法