第一篇：英語(yǔ)作文考前必背

考前必背：恩波四六級(jí)寫作常用句型

--關(guān)于利弊、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的句型：

Compared with B, A has(or have)many advantages.2)英語(yǔ)好是她的長(zhǎng)處。

She has the advantage of good English.2譯：你的計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)對(duì)你將來(lái)的工作十分有利。Your computer knowledge is very beneficial to your future work

3.?benefit sb./sth.(對(duì)?有好處)

Benefit from sth.(由于?而受益)譯：我們將從技術(shù)發(fā)明中受益。

We benefit from the technological invention

It benefits us in many ways/respects.4.?do(a lot of)good to sb.(對(duì)?有許多好處)譯：早晨鍛煉對(duì)你很有好處。?be good for sb./sth.(對(duì)?有益)譯：蔬菜和水果有利人的健康。

?do damage to sth.(對(duì)?造成損壞)譯：這次地震對(duì)城市建筑損壞嚴(yán)重。

8.Doing sth.is beneficial to?

1.While?has so many advantages, we should not ignore the problems it brings us.2.Just as a coin has two sides, everything has its advantages and disadvantages，...as well.?說(shuō)明原因的句型：

1.There are good reasons

Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people’s living conditions.First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy.Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.3.The reason for?is that +

Example: The reason for my being late was that I missed the bus.4.Several factors are responsible for the phenomenon.5.Their opinion is based on the fact that?

7.These/ The following are my reasons for(my choice).表示不同看法的句型：

1.However,toward this phenomenon,people's attitudes(opinions)vary from person to person.Some believe that? Others argue that? Still others maintain that?

2.They are quite different from each other in their opinions.5.Which opinion ismore reasonable?From where I stand, I’m inclined to accept the latter/ the second view.8.In my opinion, whether it is good or bad depends on how we look at it.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.表示措施、辦法、怎樣做打算：

1.We should take some effective measures to stop/ prevent / protect?

2.Faced with such a situation, what shall we do?

3.What should we do to solve the problem?

5.There are several ways to cope with the problem.6.the government should make strict regulations/ laws to ban such practice/ to stop this phenomenon from spreading.7.It’s urgent for us to do something about this.8.We should spare no effort / try every means to?

辯論中常用的句型：

1.There is no doubt that?

1.It is obvious that?

2.As is known to all,?

舉例表示法：

To take ? as an example, ,for example

3.Let’s have two examples.One example is?, Another example is?概述(用于圖表作文)

1.According to the figures given in the table.2.This chart shows that?

3.As is shown by the graph, ?

4.It can be seen from the statistics that?

5.It is generally believed/accepted/thought/held that ? ?

6.There isin7.be on the(?在不斷地增加，減少，上升、下降)Example: The number of students in the college has been on the rise in recent years.結(jié)尾句型：

2.Personally, I prefer to work in the country rather than in the city.3.In short, parents and children should learn to get through to each other.Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly.4.In conclusion, we cannot achieve success without effort and hard work.5.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that “No pains no gains.”

6.From the above analysis, we can see that?/ we come to the conclusion that?

7.Only in this way can we?

8.Only when we?.can we?

1）很多人很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們?cè)谖镔|(zhì)上是富裕了，精神上卻很貧乏

Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in 與 ragged in, goods 與 spirit 具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果。）

2）利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊

The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中 the advantages 與 the disadvantages 具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果。）

3）他們注意到了這些說(shuō)法中的一些道理，但他們卻忽視了一個(gè)重要的事實(shí)They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements, but have ignored a more

important fact.4)這樣做既有積極效果也有消極效果

It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(5)如“我們既有與我們很為相似的朋友，又有與我們很為不同的朋友”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.(注： 句中similar to 與 different from具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果）

2.排比

讀書使我們聰明，鍛煉使我們強(qiáng)健

Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong.3.重復(fù)

1)現(xiàn)在是忘掉過(guò)去一切的時(shí)候了。現(xiàn)在是言歸正傳的時(shí)候了?，F(xiàn)在是為未來(lái)而奮斗的時(shí)候了”

Now is the time to forget everything in the past.Now is the time to get down to the business.Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句為句首重復(fù)，重復(fù)部分為句首的now it the time to)

2)我們渴望成功，而且正在為成功而努力工作

We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注：此句為句尾重復(fù)，重復(fù)的部分為句尾的for success.)

我相信我們能夠成功，我相信我們也一定會(huì)成功

I am convinced that we can succeed, and Iam convinced that we must succeed.(注：and 所連接的兩個(gè)語(yǔ)句的句首與句尾部分同時(shí)重復(fù)，重復(fù)的部分為句首的 I am convinced that與句尾的succeed)

4)我們現(xiàn)在生活在一個(gè)新的時(shí)代，而一個(gè)改革充滿著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與機(jī)遇

We are now living in a new era, and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注：and 之前的句尾與and之后的句首重復(fù)，重復(fù)部分為a new era.)

4.倒裝

充滿著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與機(jī)遇的改革的新時(shí)代正向我們走來(lái)

Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances.5.轉(zhuǎn)義

1)過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷就像圖片一樣總是在腦海中縈繞”

What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特點(diǎn)是使用了like一詞)

2)我們的英語(yǔ)老師就是我們最好的英語(yǔ)辭典

Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特點(diǎn)是利用事物之間的相似之處進(jìn)行比喻，與明喻不同之處在于不使用like一詞)

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的比較用語(yǔ)：

in contrast 與此相反,相比之下

In contrastwith their system, ours seems very old-fashioned.我們的制度與他們的相比,顯得過(guò)于守舊了。

But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.但是相比之下，對(duì)于科學(xué)史家來(lái)說(shuō)，伽利略只是在現(xiàn)代才變成了一個(gè)成問題的孩子了。likewise

1.同樣地,照樣地

I told him to watch me and do likewise.我叫他仔細(xì)看著我,并且照樣做。

2.也,亦,又

To achieve this goal, you must have ambition;likewise you need to exert great efforts.要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),你必須有雄心壯志,同時(shí)還得十分努力。

8.Whereas

1.(公文用語(yǔ),常用在句首)鑒于

Whereas the following incidents have occurred...鑒于下列事件業(yè)已發(fā)生...2.反之;卻;而

Some people like fatty meat,whereas others hate it.有些人喜歡肥肉,而有些人卻不喜歡。

連詞：

Accordingly ad.照著，相應(yīng)地；因此，所以，于是

Additionally adv.另外, 同時(shí), 此外

Additionally, many sociologists and social workers believed that the immigration of eastern and southern Europeans created grave social problems.另外,許多社會(huì)學(xué)家和社會(huì)工作者認(rèn)為,東、南歐移民帶來(lái)了重大的社會(huì)問題。

6.Furthermore adv.而且, 此外,再者

“The house is too small, and furthermore, it's too far from the office.”＂這座房子太小，而且離辦公地點(diǎn)也太遠(yuǎn)。＂

Furthermore, during recent years, it has become necessary to pay increasing attention to what can loosely be described as “road octane number.”

再者,近幾年來(lái)對(duì)所謂不很嚴(yán)格地稱為“公路辛烷值”予以日益增大的注意,已經(jīng)變得必要了。

9.Moreover 而且,再者，此外I think, moreover, that Nature was not to him a treasury of delight.此外,我認(rèn)為,大自然對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)并不是一種歡樂的寶庫(kù)。

on the contrary

It doesn't seem ugly to me;on the contrary, I think it's rather beautiful.我覺得它并不丑，恰恰相反，它挺美。

歸納用語(yǔ)：

3.most importantly Most importantly, you must work hard to catch up.最為重要的是,你必須努力學(xué)習(xí),迎頭趕上。

4.worst of all Finally, worst of all, Herb was getting more and more out of hand.最后,最嚴(yán)重的是赫伯越來(lái)越不聽話。

15.to sum up To sum up, because of various favourable conditions that we enjoy, there is no doubt that we will be able to catch up with the advanced countries.總之,我們擁有各種有利條件,一定能夠趕上世界上的先進(jìn)國(guó)家;

表示順序用語(yǔ)：

to start with, next, in addition, finally

10.on the one hand/ on the other hand

表示個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)用語(yǔ)：

2.In my opinion,3.I personally believe that

11.As far as I am concerned…

12.From where I stand…

15.I hold the opinion that…

17.I'd like to point out that

表示理由用語(yǔ)：

5.Due to…

6.Owing to…

10.The reason for....is that…

The results are as follows,作文詞匯

描述：show;describe;illustrate;reveal;represent

素質(zhì)教育： education for all-round development

網(wǎng)民 ： netizen(net citizen)網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物 ： shopping online，Shopping on the Net因特網(wǎng)的利與弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet

網(wǎng)上求職：Hunting for A Job on Internet

家教的利與弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring

提倡創(chuàng)新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血：Blood Donation without Repayment適應(yīng)社會(huì)的改變 adjust to the social changes quickly

滿足社會(huì)的急需 meet the urgent need of the society

更加有意義和豐富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life

提高文化，智慧，品質(zhì)修養(yǎng) enhance their cultural and moral quality

1.完全：absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed, perfect, entire

第二篇：考研英語(yǔ)考前必背

2015考研英語(yǔ)考前必背：APEC中國(guó)年詞典大全

Spouse|配偶

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人配偶同臺(tái)亮相給會(huì)議提供了一抹亮色。會(huì)議周期間的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人配偶活動(dòng)，雖然尚無(wú)任何細(xì)節(jié)透露，但毫無(wú)疑問會(huì)吸引大眾的目光。

Leaders' spouses will also attend the APEC meeting.Although details of their activities have not been released, the spouses are certain to get public attention.Transformation|轉(zhuǎn)變

轉(zhuǎn)方式，調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)，促改革，是APEC成員的共同任務(wù)。北京會(huì)議將在經(jīng)濟(jì)改革、新經(jīng)濟(jì)、創(chuàng)新增長(zhǎng)、包容性支持、城鎮(zhèn)化等方面進(jìn)行深入討論，深化互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)

等前沿領(lǐng)域的合作。

All APEC members need to transform growth methods, adjust structures, stabilize economy and promote reforms.During the Beijing meeting, members will conduct in-depth discussion on an array of issues such as economic reform, innovative growth and urbanization.The members will also deepen cooperation on frontier areas such

as Internet and marine industries.Urbanization|城鎮(zhèn)化

中國(guó)倡導(dǎo)在APEC開展城鎮(zhèn)化領(lǐng)域的合作。城鎮(zhèn)化將是未來(lái)亞太繁榮發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要增

長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力。

China advocates cooperation of urbanization at APEC.Urbanization will be an important engine driving the future prosperity of Asia-Pacific.Value Chain|價(jià)值鏈

一部手機(jī)的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程可能涵蓋10到15個(gè)國(guó)家，全球價(jià)值鏈的形成已成為各經(jīng)濟(jì)體貿(mào)易與產(chǎn)業(yè)分工合作發(fā)展到新高度的重要標(biāo)志，也為貿(mào)易投資自由化的深入發(fā)展增添了新動(dòng)力。今年5月的APEC貿(mào)易部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議批準(zhǔn)了《促進(jìn)亞太地區(qū)全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略藍(lán)圖》等文件。

About 10 to 15 countries are involved in making a mobile phone.The formation of global value chain is an important sign that trade and industrial cooperation among member economies has reached a new height.The global value chain also provides new momentum for in-depth development of free trade and investment.World Attention|世界矚目

13年后，APEC會(huì)議再次在中國(guó)舉行，來(lái)自全球的數(shù)千名記者云集采訪。各方期待今年的APEC在推進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化方面取得實(shí)實(shí)在在的進(jìn)展;期待亞太繼續(xù)引領(lǐng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇和增長(zhǎng);期待中國(guó)為APEC發(fā)展和亞太振興做出新貢獻(xiàn)。

More than 4,000 journalists have gathered in Beijing to cover the APEC meeting.The world expects the meeting to achieve tangible progress in advancing regional economic integration.The world also hopes the Asia-Pacific region to continue driving the global economic recovery.China is expected to make new contributions

to reviving the Asia-Pacific region.Xi Jinping|習(xí)近平

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議將于10日至11日舉行。習(xí)近平主席將主持和出席十多場(chǎng)重要活動(dòng)，包括：出席亞太經(jīng)合組織工商領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)開幕式并發(fā)表主旨演講、主持亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人與工商咨詢理事會(huì)代表對(duì)話會(huì)、出席并主持兩個(gè)階段的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議和工作午宴、按慣例同與會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和代表合影并共同參加亞太伙伴林植樹活動(dòng)等。

Chinese President Xi Jinping will chair and participate in a series of important meetings, including addressing the APEC CEO Summit, chairing the APEC Business Advisory Council Dialogue with Leaders and chairing the Economic Leaders' Meeting.Yanqi Lake|雁棲湖

距北京市中心約50公里的懷柔雁棲湖，是此次APEC會(huì)議周的最重頭戲——領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議會(huì)場(chǎng)所在地。雁棲島上的國(guó)際會(huì)議中心、貴賓別墅、日出東方酒店、國(guó)際會(huì)展中心，既是會(huì)議成功舉辦的堅(jiān)實(shí)保障，也是體現(xiàn)低碳環(huán)保理念的示范。島上還設(shè)有3000個(gè)鳥舍，供鳥類在遷徙中歇腳。

The APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting will be held near Yanqi Lake, 50 kilometers north of Beijing's downtown area.On the Yanqi Island, a conference center, hotel, exhibition center and VIP villas all use green technologies.Altogether 3,000 bird nests have been built for bird migrations.Zero Tariff|零關(guān)稅

從自貿(mào)區(qū)建設(shè)到互聯(lián)互通，是否有一天APEC區(qū)域內(nèi)真會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)“零關(guān)稅”這個(gè)理想化的目標(biāo)?若是如此，以后在上海買蘋果手機(jī)說(shuō)不定就跟在美國(guó)加州的價(jià)格一樣了。

One day there may be no tariff between APEC economies with the development of the free trade area and regional connectivity.If that comes true, people may pay the same amount of money to buy an iPhone in Shanghai as they do in California.

第三篇：高考英語(yǔ)考前必背優(yōu)秀作文

高考英語(yǔ)考前必背優(yōu)秀作文

一：假定你是李華。近日有網(wǎng)友在推特貼出了中國(guó)大媽帶領(lǐng)美國(guó)大媽在新澤西大跳廣場(chǎng)舞的照片，你的美國(guó)朋友David看過(guò)后，很想了解中國(guó)流行的廣場(chǎng)舞（square dance）的相關(guān)情況。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫封回信，要點(diǎn)包括：

1)廣場(chǎng)舞跳的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、參與人員等；

2)廣場(chǎng)舞流行的原因；

Dear David，I am writing to tell you something about the square dance in China.As can be seen from the name, square dance usually takes place at the square, where there is large space for lots of people to get together.In the morning or after dinner, people, especially elderly women, will gather in squares to dance to popular music.With its popularity, more and more young people are also joining in.There are many reasons behind its popularity.First of all, with social and economical development people have more time and energy to enjoy and relax themselves.Besides, it provides people with a platform to make new friends and doing the square dance is a good way for people to keep fit.If you want to know more about the square dance ,welcome to China to experience it by yourself.Li Hua

二、假設(shè)你是李華，你的朋友Tom 剛被牛津大學(xué)錄取，邀請(qǐng)你去參加今周六舉行的慶祝party,你剛好不能參加，請(qǐng)回信說(shuō)明理由。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

1.祝賀錄取

2.不能前往的原因

3.祝福 Dear Tom，Congratulations on your being admitted to Oxford University!

I’m grateful and honored to be invited to your celebration party to be held this Saturday evening.However, much to my regret, I have to decline your kind invitation.As you know, a Chinese Poetry Competition is being held in our school and I have successfully entered the final round competition, which happens to be scheduled on this Saturday and will not end until late into the evening.It’s a great pity that I can’t make it to your party.But I’ve prepared a gift for you and hopeful you will like it.May your party be a great success and enjoy yourself that day!

Yours

Li Hua

三、假設(shè)你是李華，你校學(xué)生會(huì)將在下個(gè)學(xué)期在學(xué)校每周舉行文化周活動(dòng)，先向同學(xué)們征求意見，請(qǐng)向?qū)W生會(huì)寫一封信，內(nèi)容包括： 1.你的態(tài)度

2.你的建議

3.活動(dòng)意義

/ 6

Dear Students Union, I heard that our school would organize “Lecture Week” next term so as to broaden our vision.I strongly agree to your decision that we’ll attend a series of lectures on different topics.It is said that there will be a lecture every day during the week.During the Lecture Week, as we will invite some famous professors to give us speeches on various subjects, I suggest a lecture on how to study English effectively should be included.The reason is that many students in our school are not so good at English.We have a strong desire to improve it.The Lecture Week, in my opinion, is a great chance to enrich our school life as well as encourage us to study successfully.I sincerely hope that we students will have such wonderful time in the Lecture Week.Best wishes!

Li Hua

四：假如你是李華，你的加拿大網(wǎng)友Mike圣誕節(jié)期間打算來(lái)中國(guó)，他對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化非常感興趣，希望你能為他推薦一些名勝古跡。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他發(fā)一封電子郵件，向他推薦一個(gè)或兩個(gè)你所喜歡的名勝古跡。要點(diǎn)：

1．簡(jiǎn)介你推薦的名勝古跡； 2．?dāng)⑹瞿阃扑]的理由； 3．表達(dá)你的祝愿。Dear Mike，I’m glad to know that you are coming to China during Christmas.The following is a brief introduction about some places of interest that I strongly recommend to you.The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders in the world, which is visible from outer space.Because of its rich history and magnificent appearance，the Great Wall attracts a lot of tourists，scientists，and historians.The famous West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautiful and fertile shores of the East China Sea near the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay.The view of the West Lake is simply charming.Different time and different weather make it a different scene.I am looking forward to your arrival.There are many other wonderful places here.Wish you a nice journey.Yours，Li Hua

五：你校將要舉行一次主題為“How to Communicate with Our Parents”的英語(yǔ)演講比賽，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇演講稿。要點(diǎn)如下： 1．尊重并信任父母；

2．常與父母聊天；

3．換位思考問題。參考詞匯：換位思考put oneself in sb’s shoes

How to Communicate with Our Parents Hello，everyone.I’d like to share my ideas about the topic of communicating with our parents.Parents are the people who love us

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most，so it’s necessary to keep a good relationship with them.Here are my ideas on how to make it easier to communicate with parents.First，it goes without saying that we should respect and trust our parents.They have experienced more and always try their best to protect us from dangers.In addition，if we often talk with them about our life and experiences，we will know each other better.What’s more，we can often tell our parents how much we love them.If sometimes we don’t agree with our parents’ decisions，we should try to put ourselves into their shoes and we will soon understand them.Remember what they really want is only the best for us.Thank you for listening.六：近年來(lái)大城市交通擁堵嚴(yán)重，影響了人們的生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，對(duì)此人們十分抱怨。假如你是李華，請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)給報(bào)社寫封信。要點(diǎn)：1.交通現(xiàn)狀及影響；

2.提出改進(jìn)建議； 3.希望建議被采納。Dear editor, I am writing to you to talk about the heavy traffic.Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.It has seriously influenced people ’s daily life and economic development.To solve the problem, I’d like to put forward some pieces of advice.For one thing, more streets and roads should be built.In this way, we can speed up the flow of buses and cars.For another, the number of bikes and cars can be limited, which can decrease the traffic flow.But the most important thing is that the number of private cars should be put under control.Meanwhile, it is suggested that buses should have their own special routes which cannot be used by other vehicles.Besides, underground train and city train should be developed quickly.I do hope you can take my suggestions into consideration.i Hua

七：假設(shè)你是李華，臨近畢業(yè)了，你給高中英語(yǔ)老師Miss.Li寫一封感謝信，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：

1．表示感謝；

2．你的近況；

3．你對(duì)大學(xué)的展望以及上大學(xué)后的打算。

Dear Miss Li，How is everything going? I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind help with my study.With your help，I make great progress in English.I am Senior Three now.Devoted to my study every day, I have learned much knowledge, which will definitely promise me a good performance in my college entrance exams.I hope that I can be admitted into my dream university, one with good equipment and learned professors.When I am in college, I won’t bury myself in books the whole day.Instead, I’ll be active and take part in many after-class activities where I can develop my social skills and my potential.3 / 6

Additionally, it goes without saying that I will try my best to make more friends.I firmly believe that only in this way can I make my college life more colorful.Thanks again.Wish you a good day.Look forward to your early reply.Yours truly，Li Hua

八：假如你是高三學(xué)生李華，請(qǐng)寫一篇演講稿，準(zhǔn)備代表全體同學(xué)在畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)言，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：

1)畢業(yè)的心情； 2)高中三年的收獲； 3)感謝和決心。

Good morning, everyone.I’m Li Hua.It’s my great honor to stand here to deliver my speech.It has been three years since I started my high school.At this moment, I cannot bear to part but I am also eager for my new life in university.During the three years, not only have I made some true friends who shared sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained various knowledge.Before leaving, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers.It was they who patiently answered our endless questions.Besides, I owe many thanks to my dear classmates.Without their help and encouragement, I couldn’t have overcome so many difficulties.Now I’ve been determined to lead a more meaningful life in university and I will live up to the expectations of my teachers and my parents.Thank you for your listening.七：假設(shè)你是李華，于上周六搭乘某運(yùn)輸公司大巴回老家看望爺爺奶奶，到站后，發(fā)現(xiàn)遺失了黃色行李箱(80 cm×40 cm×25 cm)，箱內(nèi)裝有給爺爺奶奶的禮物、個(gè)人衣物及幾本書?，F(xiàn)請(qǐng)用英文給該運(yùn)輸公司寫一封信，請(qǐng)他們幫你尋找。要點(diǎn)包括： 1．陳述寫信原因；

2．描述行李箱；

3．期待回復(fù)并表示感謝。

Dear Sir or Madam，My name is Li Hua，and I was a passenger on your early bus last Saturday, travelling from the center of the city to the village.Unfortunately，I found that my suitcase got lost when I arrived at the stop.I am therefore writing to ask for your help in finding my suitcase.The suitcase is a yellow one，80 cm long，40 cm wide and 25 cm thick，with my name tag on the back.It contains some clothes and several books about history.There are also some presents I bought for my grandparents.It will be a great disappointment to me if I can’t find it.I would greatly appreciate it if you could help find my lost suitcase.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours，4 / 6

Li Hua 九：假如你是李華，最近你比較關(guān)注美國(guó)文化，尤其對(duì)美國(guó)的節(jié)日感興趣。請(qǐng)你給你的美國(guó)網(wǎng)友Tom寫一封電子郵件，詢問關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的一些情況。要點(diǎn)如下：

1．介紹自己的近況；

2．詢問關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的一些情況；

3．表示感謝。

Dear Tom，Thanks for your e－mail last time.I’d like to tell you that I am now focusing my attention on American culture，especially American festivals.When it comes to American festivals，what attracts me most is Thanksgiving Day.Since I have never spent the festival in America in person，I know little about it.I would appreciate it greatly if you can tell me something about it.My questions are as follows：How did it come into being？How and when do people celebrate it？What’s its significance? I hope you can give me assistance in these problems and thank you in advance.Best wishes!

Yours，Li Hua 十：假設(shè)美國(guó)某中學(xué)師生一行要來(lái)你校開展聯(lián)誼活動(dòng)，學(xué)校指定你代表學(xué)生會(huì)在聯(lián)誼會(huì)上發(fā)言。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇發(fā)言稿。要點(diǎn)：

1．歡迎來(lái)賓；

2．介紹學(xué)校(設(shè)施、老師、學(xué)生)

3.對(duì)聯(lián)誼活動(dòng)的期盼

Ladies and gentlemen，I feel greatly honoured to be here with the guests from the USA.Now allow me to express our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our American guests on behalf of the Student Union.Here I’d like to make a brief introduction to our school.As you can see，our classrooms and science buildings are well equipped，with many trees and tall buildings around them.To make things better，our teachers are devoted and kind-hearted.Whenever we meet with difficulties，they will come to help us.Besides，we students are all hard－working and always help each other，as if we were a big family.In our Student Union，we have several clubs，which are founded by students of similar interest.In a word，this is a wonderful place to study and make friends.In the following days we will experience our colorful school life together and hopefully it will become an unforgettable memory in your life.That’s all.Thank you.十一：在學(xué)習(xí)、生活和工作中，學(xué)會(huì)與人合作是非常重要的，請(qǐng)你寫一篇題為“Being a Good Partner ”的英文演講稿。要點(diǎn)：1.合作的意義

2.怎樣成為好的合作伙伴 3.你的觀點(diǎn)

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Good afternoon, everyone!The topic of my speech today is “being a good partner”.Cooperation is a good way for us to learn from each other as well as to improve our friendship.Besides，successful cooperation can save us a lot of time and energy.How can we become a good partner? As for me, first of all, there is no doubt that we should try to listen to others’ opinions.If he makes mistakes, we’d better try to point them out in a polite way.Besides, never force our own ideas on others.Sometimes, it can be difficult to team up with someone we dislike.In this case, we should learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.Wish my views would be helpful.Thank you for your listening!

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第四篇：政治考前必背2013

一、關(guān)于消費(fèi)

（一）影響消費(fèi)的因素？

生產(chǎn)；收入；物價(jià)；消費(fèi)觀

（二）擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，刺激消費(fèi)的意義何在？

①消費(fèi)對(duì)生產(chǎn)起著重要的反作用，消費(fèi)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展，生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品被消費(fèi)了，這種產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程才算最終完成。消費(fèi)是物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)總過(guò)程的最終目的和動(dòng)力；消費(fèi)所形成的新的需要，對(duì)生產(chǎn)的調(diào)整和升級(jí)起著導(dǎo)向作用；一個(gè)新的消費(fèi)熱點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn)，往往能帶動(dòng)一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的出現(xiàn)和成長(zhǎng)；消費(fèi)為生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造出新的勞動(dòng)力，能提高勞動(dòng)力的質(zhì)量，提高勞動(dòng)者的生產(chǎn)積極性。②貫徹科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)由主要依靠投資、出口拉動(dòng)向依靠消費(fèi)、投資、出口協(xié)調(diào)拉動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。

（三）怎樣刺激消費(fèi)、擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需？

①落實(shí)以人為本的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。②發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，擴(kuò)大就業(yè)，千方百計(jì)增加居民收入。

③發(fā)揮財(cái)政的積極作用，建立、健全社會(huì)保障制度。

④努力實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平,統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

⑤加強(qiáng)政府的宏觀調(diào)控，穩(wěn)定物價(jià)，整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。

⑥樹立正確的消費(fèi)觀。

（四）運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)生活，應(yīng)如何拒絕舌尖上的浪費(fèi)？

①國(guó)家：引導(dǎo)全社會(huì)樹立正確的消費(fèi)觀；加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控，綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、行政等宏觀調(diào)控手段控制浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象，將杜絕浪費(fèi)納入法制軌道。

②企業(yè)：制定正確的經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略，提高服務(wù)水平和質(zhì)量；樹立正確的金錢觀,樹立良好的信譽(yù)、形象，承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任。

③消費(fèi)者：樹立正確的金錢觀，樹立科學(xué)、合理的消費(fèi)觀，理性消費(fèi),勤儉節(jié)約，艱苦奮斗。

（五）為什么要參與“光盤行動(dòng)”？

勤儉節(jié)約，艱苦奮斗是社會(huì)主義榮辱觀的體現(xiàn)；從歷史角度看，勤儉節(jié)約，艱苦奮斗是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德和優(yōu)良作風(fēng)；從現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情看，我國(guó)正處在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段，是發(fā)展中的人口大國(guó)更要戒奢從儉；從民族的存在和發(fā)展看，一個(gè)沒有艱苦奮斗的民族，難以自立自強(qiáng)；從個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)看，艱苦奮斗有助于我們戰(zhàn)勝困難，成就事業(yè)。

（六）運(yùn)用《政治生活》，政府在拒絕舌尖上的浪費(fèi)應(yīng)如何作為？

①政府必須堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)的宗旨、對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)的工作原則；

②政府必須認(rèn)真履行市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管、社會(huì)管理等經(jīng)濟(jì)職能;履行文化建設(shè)職能（其它職能視材料寫）；

③樹立政府權(quán)威：依法行政、審慎用權(quán)、高效廉潔、科學(xué)決策、自覺接受人民監(jiān)督。（視材料寫其中的內(nèi)容）

（七）青少年學(xué)生應(yīng)積極投入“光盤行動(dòng)”中。請(qǐng)?zhí)岢鰞蓷l具體建議，并分別說(shuō)明其哲學(xué)道理。

①適量點(diǎn)餐：量變是質(zhì)變的前提和必要準(zhǔn)備，堅(jiān)持適度原則。（或：點(diǎn)滴節(jié)約，量的積累）

②剩菜打包：堅(jiān)持正確意識(shí)的指導(dǎo)（或：堅(jiān)持正確價(jià)值觀的指引）

二、關(guān)于誠(chéng)信

(一)誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng)必要性和重要性

（1）對(duì)國(guó)家：有利于建立良好的市場(chǎng)秩序，有利于合理配置資源，使市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展。誠(chéng)實(shí)守信是現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)正常運(yùn)行必不可少的條件。社會(huì)信用缺失會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)秩序混亂、交易萎縮、坑蒙拐騙盛行，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致投資不足、經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。

（2）對(duì)企業(yè)：誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng)，是企業(yè)良好的信譽(yù)和形象所在。是企業(yè)的無(wú)形資產(chǎn)，關(guān)系到企業(yè)成敗。促使企業(yè)生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品和提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。

（3）對(duì)消費(fèi)者：有利于維護(hù)消費(fèi)者的合法權(quán)益。

（二）如何加強(qiáng)誠(chéng)信建設(shè)？

（1）國(guó)家：①形成以道德為支撐、法律為保障的社會(huì)信用制度，是規(guī)范市場(chǎng)秩序的治本之策。

②建立比較完善的市場(chǎng)規(guī)則。以法律法規(guī)、行業(yè)規(guī)范、市場(chǎng)道德規(guī)范等形式，對(duì)市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行的方方面面作出的具體規(guī)定；遵循誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則。③綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、行政等宏觀調(diào)控手段.（2）企業(yè)：要遵守法律，要有道德，要增強(qiáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任感,自覺樹立誠(chéng)信觀念。

（3）消費(fèi)者：要學(xué)法、懂法、守法，要有維權(quán)意識(shí)和維權(quán)行動(dòng)。

總之，每個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)參與者都必須學(xué)法、懂法、守法，既保證自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)符合法律的規(guī)范，又能夠運(yùn)用法律維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益。

三、關(guān)于“自主創(chuàng)新”

（一）意義

國(guó)家角度：第一，這是落實(shí)以人為本的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。

第二，是提高自主創(chuàng)新能力，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家的需要，增加國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家是國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的核心，是提高綜合國(guó)力的關(guān)鍵。

第三，是加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)的需要。有利于走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路，實(shí)現(xiàn)主要由依靠增加物質(zhì)資源消耗向主要依靠科技進(jìn)步、勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)提高、管理創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)變。企業(yè)：有利于企業(yè)采用新技術(shù)、改善經(jīng)營(yíng)管理，以提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率；有利于增強(qiáng)企業(yè)研發(fā)自主品牌的能力?？傊?，有利于提高企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，提高增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

個(gè)人 ：有利于提高勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)，增強(qiáng)就業(yè)能力。

（二）怎么做

國(guó)家角度：第一，貫徹以人為本的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。

第二，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家的需要，增加國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

第三，是加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)的需要。走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路，實(shí)現(xiàn)主要由依靠增加物質(zhì)資源消耗向主要依靠科技進(jìn)步、勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)提高、管理創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)變。

企業(yè)：科技創(chuàng)新、管理創(chuàng)新，以提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率；研發(fā)自主品牌，增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

個(gè)人 ：勞動(dòng)者要努力學(xué)習(xí)，提高技能和素質(zhì)，要有創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐。

四、關(guān)于“生態(tài)文明”（低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)）

（一）為什么？

（二）怎么做？（同上，換個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞）

第一，這是落實(shí)的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求，有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,做到統(tǒng)籌兼顧,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。

第二，有利于加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。有利于走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路，有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)由主要依靠增加物質(zhì)資源消耗向主要依靠科技進(jìn)步、勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)提高、管理創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)變。

第三，有利于加強(qiáng)能源資源節(jié)約和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)，增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。第四，有利于提高自主創(chuàng)新能力，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家。

第五，有利于人們樹立正確消費(fèi)觀，確立綠色消費(fèi)的理念，勤儉節(jié)約，保護(hù)消費(fèi)者健康。

（二）經(jīng)濟(jì)生活角度談怎么做？

（1）政府應(yīng)如何作為？

①貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展；（根據(jù)材料，寫上第一要義，或者核心、基本要求、根本方法）②提高自主創(chuàng)新能力，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家（或者省份、城市）；

③轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)；

④加強(qiáng)能源資源節(jié)約和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)，增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力；

⑤加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控，綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律和行政手段。

（2）企業(yè)應(yīng)如何擔(dān)當(dāng)？

①貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀；發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。

②提高自主創(chuàng)新能力，通過(guò)科技和管理的創(chuàng)新降低排放。

③轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)。

（3）消費(fèi)者應(yīng)如何擔(dān)當(dāng)？

消費(fèi)者要樹立正確的消費(fèi)觀，做理智的消費(fèi)者，堅(jiān)持低碳生活，保護(hù)環(huán)境，綠色消費(fèi)，勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗。

（三）從《政治生活》角度，分析政府應(yīng)如何作為？

①政府必須堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)的宗旨、對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)的工作原則；

②政府必須認(rèn)真履行提供社會(huì)公共服務(wù)的職能，（其它職能視材料寫）；③樹立政府權(quán)威：依法行政、審慎用權(quán)、高效廉潔、科學(xué)決策、自覺接受人民監(jiān)督。（視材料寫其中的內(nèi)容）

五、影響公司經(jīng)營(yíng)與發(fā)展的主要因素

（1）要制定正確的經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略。

（2）要提高自主創(chuàng)新能力，依靠科技進(jìn)步、科學(xué)管理等手段，形成自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。（價(jià)格、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、服務(wù)水平、品牌效應(yīng)）

（3）要誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng)，樹立良好的信譽(yù)和企業(yè)形象（產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)）。信譽(yù)和形象是企業(yè)的無(wú)形資產(chǎn)，公司是否誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng)，關(guān)系到企業(yè)成敗。

（4）除此以外，建立健全現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度、進(jìn)行兼并和強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)合、提高經(jīng)營(yíng)者素質(zhì)、優(yōu)化組織結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、自主創(chuàng)新自主品牌等也是影響公司經(jīng)營(yíng)成敗的重要因素。

六、如何提高開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平

（1）提高開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的要求:在新世紀(jì)新階段，我們必須拓展對(duì)外開放的廣度和深度，提高開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。要把“引進(jìn)來(lái)”與“走出去”更好的結(jié)合起來(lái)，擴(kuò)大開放領(lǐng)域，優(yōu)化開放結(jié)構(gòu)，提高開放質(zhì)量，完善內(nèi)外聯(lián)運(yùn)、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，形成經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化條件下參與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新優(yōu)勢(shì)。

在新形勢(shì)下，我們要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新利用外資方式，優(yōu)化利用外資結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)揮利用外資在推動(dòng)自主創(chuàng)新、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)、區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展等方面的積極作用。

從“引進(jìn)來(lái)”到“走出去”，意味著我國(guó)對(duì)外開放發(fā)展到了一個(gè)新層次。

（2）我國(guó)實(shí)行對(duì)外開放，發(fā)展對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系，必須堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主，自力更生的原則。中國(guó)是人口眾多的發(fā)展中的社會(huì)主義大國(guó)，任何時(shí)候都不能依靠別人搞建設(shè)，必須把獨(dú)立自主、自力更生作為自己發(fā)展的根本基點(diǎn)。獨(dú)立自主、自力更生不是閉關(guān)自守，不是盲目排外。而是在立足于自身發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)行對(duì)外開放。例：高科技電子設(shè)備產(chǎn)品附加值“微笑曲線”圖

? 材料

一、美國(guó)一份題為《抓住蘋果全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的價(jià)值》的研究報(bào)告揭示了蘋果公司產(chǎn)品全球供應(yīng)鏈的價(jià)值分布：把技術(shù)含量高、附加值高的iPhone零部件生產(chǎn)分解到韓國(guó)及歐洲六個(gè)國(guó)家的九家企業(yè)，然后出口到中國(guó)進(jìn)行組裝，再由中國(guó)出口到美國(guó)進(jìn)入蘋果公司銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中，蘋果作為iPhone的創(chuàng)造者，拿到了利潤(rùn)的58.5%，而完成組裝的中國(guó)工人只分得iPhone總價(jià)值的1.8%，這反映出高科技電子設(shè)備中創(chuàng)造者和制造者的差距。

? 材料

二、回顧過(guò)去十年的風(fēng)雨歷程，伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的進(jìn)程，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在快速發(fā)展的同時(shí)，也面臨著一系列挑戰(zhàn)：如美國(guó)屢以中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期保持對(duì)美國(guó)的巨額貿(mào)易順差（出口＞進(jìn)口）為由，施加壓力要求人民幣升值以解決中國(guó)貿(mào)易失衡問題；高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口比重雖在上升，但技術(shù)含量及產(chǎn)品附加值低，自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)品牌少；缺乏核心技術(shù)和美元貶值使我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全受到威脅。

（1）分析圖和材料一，概括出其中所蘊(yùn)含的經(jīng)濟(jì)信息。（4分）

（2）結(jié)合圖和材料一，從公司經(jīng)營(yíng)的角度，為我國(guó)企業(yè)參與國(guó)際分工出謀獻(xiàn)策。（6分）

36、（1）①經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的國(guó)際分工。

? ②研發(fā)和售后在產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的高端；我國(guó)企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)，處于全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的低端。

? ③經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化實(shí)質(zhì)上是以發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國(guó)家為主導(dǎo)的。

?（其他解答若針對(duì)性強(qiáng)，言之成理，可酌情給分）

?（2）①加大科技研發(fā)投入，要有自主品牌、促進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新，形成自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

? ②加快產(chǎn)品升級(jí)和轉(zhuǎn)型。

? ③不斷改進(jìn)營(yíng)銷方式，成功的經(jīng)營(yíng)策略有利于企業(yè)達(dá)到盈利目的。

?（學(xué)生如答到“提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量”，“誠(chéng)實(shí)守信經(jīng)營(yíng)”，“產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整”等觀點(diǎn)，言之成理，可酌情給分。）

七、關(guān)于物價(jià)

（一）物價(jià)上漲或下跌的原因可能有哪些？

（1）價(jià)值決定（成本上升），社會(huì)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的提高；

（2）供求關(guān)系的變化；

此外，國(guó)家的宏觀調(diào)控。

（二）價(jià)值規(guī)律的內(nèi)容與表現(xiàn)形式

對(duì)等價(jià)交換的理解（只存在于平均數(shù)之中）

（三）物價(jià)上漲帶來(lái)的影響

對(duì)生活（一般情況下的影響；對(duì)必須品的影響；對(duì)互補(bǔ)品的影響）

對(duì)生產(chǎn)

（四）控制物價(jià)的意義

控制物價(jià)上漲：有利于提高消費(fèi)水平

（1）價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)人們生活的影響

①一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一種商品價(jià)格上升時(shí)，人們會(huì)減少對(duì)它的購(gòu)買；反之亦然。②價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)生活必需品需求量的影響小，對(duì)高檔耐用品需求量影響大。

③一種商品價(jià)格變動(dòng)還會(huì)影響相關(guān)的其他商品的價(jià)格和需求量。在可相互替代的兩種商品中，一種商品價(jià)格上漲，消費(fèi)者將減少對(duì)該商品的需求量，將增加對(duì)其替代品的需求量；反之亦然。在有互補(bǔ)關(guān)系的商品中，一種商品價(jià)格上漲，需求量會(huì)下降，導(dǎo)致對(duì)另一種商品需求量減少；反之亦然。

（2）價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)的影響

①調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。一種商品價(jià)格下降，生產(chǎn)者會(huì)減少產(chǎn)量；價(jià)格上漲，生產(chǎn)者會(huì)增加產(chǎn)量。

②提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。企業(yè)提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，才能縮短個(gè)別勞動(dòng)時(shí)間，提供降價(jià)空間，使其在價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)乃至生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。

③生產(chǎn)適銷對(duì)路的高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品。生產(chǎn)者提供質(zhì)量好的適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品，就能獲取較大的市場(chǎng)份額，獲取更多的利潤(rùn)。

第五篇：考前必背：考研英語(yǔ)寫作11篇經(jīng)典

范文(一)

Writing(圖畫提綱式議論文)

Directions: Study the following set of cartoons carefully and write an essay in which you should

1)describe the cartoons,

2)state its main idea, and give your comment.

You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

范文

These two cartoons show two contrasting scenes.While the male student spends all his time and money playing Internet games, the female student studies diligently.One could easily argue that a bright future awaits the students who study hard, while those who waste tuition playing games have little to look forward to.The above images encourage students to value their time in school and take advantage of educational opportunities.

While students dream of being accepted into college for years, they often become lost once admitted.Without their parents' constant support and advice, or because of limited communication with teachers, many students are unable to focus on their future goals.Such confusion leads some to forget their studies and resort to playing on the Internet, among other forms of recreation.Students should not only keep their ambitions in mind, but also seriously strive towards them.Without a clear purpose, one might easily waste crucial years neglecting one's studies.

Constantly playing on the Internet leads to failure, while continuously studying guarantees success.Students need to appreciate their time in school, and work hard in order to ensure a good future.譯文：

這兩幅漫畫描述了兩個(gè)形成鮮明對(duì)照的場(chǎng)景，第一幅畫中的男生在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲中虛擲了所有的時(shí)間和金錢，而第二幅畫中的女生卻在勤勉地學(xué)習(xí)?？梢院苋菀椎贸鼋Y(jié)論：對(duì)于刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生，一個(gè)美好的未來(lái)在等候著他們；而浪費(fèi)學(xué)費(fèi)玩游戲的學(xué)生沒有什么指望了。上面這兩幅畫激勵(lì)學(xué)生們珍惜在校的時(shí)光和受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。

經(jīng)過(guò)多年的夢(mèng)寐以求終于跨進(jìn)大學(xué)門檻的學(xué)生，卻往往迷失了自己。因?yàn)闆]有了父母常在身邊的支持和建議，或是缺乏與老師的溝通，很多學(xué)生找不到自己未來(lái)的奮斗目標(biāo)。而這種困惑就使得一些學(xué)生扔掉書本，靠各種消遣——包括玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲——來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)光。大學(xué)生不應(yīng)只空談理想，應(yīng)該認(rèn)真地為之奮斗，而沒有明確的目標(biāo)則會(huì)讓一個(gè)人在度過(guò)他至關(guān)緊要的幾年后頭腦空空。

沉湎于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲只會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗，而堅(jiān)持不懈的學(xué)習(xí)則能收獲成功。大學(xué)生們一定要珍惜在校時(shí)光，為了美好的未來(lái)而努力。

范文

The images above are both meaningful and instructive: this man's hard work is not only for his own benefit, but also for the benefit of future generations.The pictures serve to remind us that the existence of our current happiness and valuable national heritage is due to the struggles of our predecessors.We, in turn, should also work hard in order to guarantee the comfort and safety of generations to come.Sustainable development has become a topic of heated debate in recent years.While it is justifiable to satisfy current demands, we cannot neglect the needs of our descendants in the process.Our children also depend on Earth's natural resources and we should not deprive them of such necessities.Unfortunately, many people only think of their short term, personal interests.An entire forest might be clear cut, in the interest of making a profit, without a single tree planted in its place.This inconsiderate attitude towards the welfare of our descendants, as well the indifference to the outcome of such reckless actions, can only turn Earth into a cold and lifeless planet.People must be taught to appreciate Earth as not only their home, but also the home of our children and grandchildren, as well as all other plants and animals.While making great efforts to increase our current quality of life, we must simultaneously consider how our actions will affect future lives.譯文：

上面的漫畫意味深長(zhǎng)而發(fā)人深省，栽樹人的艱辛勞作不只是為了他自己，也是為了后人。這幅漫畫是為了提醒我們今天的幸福生活和寶貴的民族遺產(chǎn)歸功于我們祖先的奮斗，而我們，反過(guò)來(lái)，也要努力勞動(dòng)來(lái)確保我們后代的幸福和平安。

可持續(xù)發(fā)展是近幾年的熱點(diǎn)話題，雖然我們要滿足自己當(dāng)前的需要，但不能將子孫后代的需求拋置腦后。我們的孩子同樣需要自然資源，我們不能剝奪他們的這份必需品。不幸的是很多人只考慮他們短視的、自私的利益。為了獲得利潤(rùn)，整片的森林被砍光，一棵樹都不留下。這種不顧及子孫福利的態(tài)度，和對(duì)這種輕率行為的后果的無(wú)動(dòng)于衷，只會(huì)讓我們的地球變成一個(gè)冷冰冰而無(wú)生氣的行星。

必須告誡人們的是：地球不僅是他們的家園，也是他們的孩子和所有后代的家園，還是其他所有的植物和動(dòng)物的家園。在努力提高今天的生活質(zhì)量的同時(shí)，我們必須考慮到我們的行為會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)的生命產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響。

美麗不是表面的 范文

In the above cartoons, a young woman happily eats bananas and casually discards the peels on the street, unaware of the fact that such actions not only pollute the environment but also pose a danger to others.In the next illustration a disabled man struggles to properly dispose of the trash she has left behind.Despite the girl's youth and beauty, it is the disabled man who is truly beautiful.True beauty comes from one's actions rather than one's appearance.While most of us enjoy pretty appearances, it is more important to cultivate a clean and beautiful soul.Only such souls can create a genuinely beautiful society.Chinese traditionally uphold the virtues of modesty, generosity，broadmindedness, and politeness.Confucian teachings such as: “do not do to others as you would not want done to you” and “one should be delighted to hear criticism,” are wise and worthwhile.If people embody these teachings our society can only improve and progress.The thoughts of great minds like Confucius are also worth studying.His writings set fine and noble examples for us to follow.Another proverb thus comes to mind: in the company of three one always can find a teacher.We should always be willing and able to learn from those around us.譯文：

在上面的漫畫里，一個(gè)年輕女子愉快地吃著香蕉，然后隨手就把香蕉皮扔到了街上——絲毫沒顧及到這樣的舉動(dòng)不僅會(huì)污染環(huán)境，還會(huì)給他人帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)。而在接下來(lái)的那幅圖中，一位殘疾人艱難地把她扔下的垃圾清理掉了。雖然這個(gè)女孩年輕貌美，但真正美的是那位殘疾人。真正的美是出自行動(dòng)而不是外表，雖然我們每個(gè)人都喜歡漂亮的外貌，但更重要的是培養(yǎng)純凈、美麗的心靈，只有這樣的心靈才能創(chuàng)造出真正美好的社會(huì)。中國(guó)自古推崇謙遜、寬宏、心胸開闊和以禮待人的美德。

孔夫子的教導(dǎo)：“己所不欲，勿施于人”、“聞過(guò)則喜”是明智的并值得我們遵循。如果人們把這些箴言都落實(shí)到生活中，那么我們的社會(huì)就會(huì)得到改善和進(jìn)步。大思想家孔子的思想是值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的。他的著述給我們留下了杰出、高尚的楷模讓我們效仿。另一句諺語(yǔ)又浮現(xiàn)在我的腦海里：“三人行，必有我?guī)煛?。我們必須隨時(shí)愿意和能夠向周圍的人們學(xué)習(xí)。

范文(四)

Writing(圖畫提綱式議論文)

Directions:

A.Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.B.Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II.C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:

1.Describe the cartoon and the message conveyed

2.Draw a conclusion and give your comment on the cartoon..范文：

Indicated above are pictures that show trees play a vital role in water and soil conservation.In the left hand picture, people are fleeing from voracious sand dunes because they cut down all the trees.The caption reads, “As the sand advances, we retreat.” In the right hand picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water and samplings for the reforestation of the land.We are informed that, “As we advances, the sand retreats.”

It seems that the cartoonist is sending a message about the significance of trees in water and soil conservation and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of the desertification.In fact, what he is saying is if we do not fight against the sand, it will drive us away from the land.If we let this situation go as it is, our environment will suffer a great destruction.The best way to fight back against the greedy desert is made clear in the second picture.There the local people are vigorously setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim the land and make it fertile.The fact that there are three people in the picture, each with a different job suggests that cooperative efforts is one of the keys to success in the battle against soil erosion and only in this way can desertification be finally defeated.(225)

譯文：

如圖所示，樹木對(duì)水土保持起著至關(guān)重要的作用。左圖中，人們被貪婪的沙丘追趕，因?yàn)樗麄兛撤チ怂械臉淠?。?biāo)題寫著：“沙進(jìn)我退”。右圖中，人們拿著工具、水和樹苗回來(lái)重新植樹造林。我們被告知：“我進(jìn)沙退”。

我認(rèn)為，漫畫家要告訴我們的是：樹木對(duì)水土保持的重要性，以及每個(gè)人參與抵制沙化威脅的必要性。實(shí)際上，他要說(shuō)的是如果我們不與沙漠做斗爭(zhēng)，它會(huì)把我們從土地上趕走。如果我們讓這種情況繼續(xù)下去，環(huán)境將遭到巨大的破壞。

第二幅圖清楚地說(shuō)明了擊退貪婪沙漠的方法。那里的人們正在熱情高漲地著手植樹造林、收回土地，使它變得肥沃。圖中三個(gè)人每人干不同的工作，這說(shuō)明合作努力是成功防止土壤侵蝕的關(guān)鍵之一,只有這樣才能戰(zhàn)勝沙漠化

假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品

范文

As the picture given depicts, the socialist market-oriented economy in our country is developing rapidly, just like a truck running at a high speed.But the general public is surprised to find that there are more and more fake and inferior products seriously hampering the expansion of our market economy.Consumers have to be very careful in purchasing goods and services they need;otherwise they will fall into the traps set by the illegal manufacturers.There is no doubt that fake and inferior products are extremely harmful.In the first place, they endanger people’s health, giving rise to a lot of injury accidents.For instance, inferior-quality medicines not only aggravate a patient’s condition, but also tend to threaten his life and, what’s worse, to result in his death.Secondly, fake and inferior products are usually sold on the cheap.In many cases they interfere with the normal economic order in our country, affecting the marketing of many high-quality goods.This, in a great degree, hinders the development of our socialist market economy and harms the interests of our state.Therefore, we can say that fake and inferior products are a dangerous “tumor” in our healthy economy, which must be cut away as soon as possible.In my opinion, several strong measures should be adopted to fight against fake and inferior products.On the one hand, those who make them deserve to be severely punished by the law.On the other hand, consumers should learn to discern between true and false.Only in this way can they defend their own legal rights and interests.(263 words)

譯文：

正如所給的圖畫所描繪的, 我國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)正在迅速發(fā)展, 就像一輛高速行駛的卡車。但是公眾驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn), 越來(lái)越多的假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品嚴(yán)重地阻礙了我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。消費(fèi)者必須經(jīng)常謹(jǐn)慎地去購(gòu)買他們所需的貨物或服務(wù), 否則他們會(huì)落入不法制假人所設(shè)的陷阱。

毫無(wú)疑問, 假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品極其有害。首先, 它們危害人民的健康, 引發(fā)了許多傷害事故。例如，偽劣藥品不僅使病人的病情惡化, 而且往往會(huì)威脅病人的生命, 更糟的是, 導(dǎo)致病人的死亡。其次, 假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品通常廉價(jià)出售。在許多情況下, 它們又干擾了我國(guó)正常的經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序, 影響了許多高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的銷路。這在很大程度上阻礙了我國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展, 并損害了我們國(guó)家的利益。因此, 我們可以說(shuō), 假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品是我們健康經(jīng)濟(jì)中的一顆“毒瘤”, 對(duì)此必須盡快清除。

依我看, 必須采取若干有力措施來(lái)與假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品斗爭(zhēng)。一方面, 制假者應(yīng)該依法嚴(yán)懲。另一方面, 消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別真假。只有這樣, 消費(fèi)者才能維護(hù)他們的合法權(quán)益。

范文

Basically, what we see in this picture is a bird lamenting the fact that its home has been destroyed.Of course, birds usually make their homes in trees, and since there are no trees left in the picture – only the stumps, to show that the original trees have been chopped down – the bird is left without shelter.In fact, the bird has no choice but to perch on the handle of an axe, which has been used to destroy its original home.We can deduce from this picture that the drawer is trying to attract our attention to the tragedy of the destruction of forests, which is part of the threat to the ecological balance of the planet.He seems to be saying that soon there will be no trees left in the world.In my opinion, the sad little bird is a symbol of all living things, including human beings, and, like the bird, we too will be left homeless if we allow the destruction of the environment to continue.This simple picture is a wake – up call for the whole of the human race.If this vivid image of the grim future of our planet is not to become a reality, we must take positive steps right now to put an end the plundering of the Earth’s natural resources.It is clear that the drawer of the picture is urging us to start with a campaign to save the forests, which is something all of us can join by urging our local authorities to take positive measures to save the trees.譯文：

我們主要能從這幅圖上看到的是一只小鳥為自己的家被毀壞而悲傷。當(dāng)然，鳥類通常把家建在樹上，因?yàn)閳D中沒有樹了—-只有樹樁，表明原來(lái)的樹被砍伐了—這只鳥無(wú)處藏身。實(shí)際上，這只鳥別無(wú)選擇，只能停在被用來(lái)破壞它原來(lái)家園的斧柄上。

我們可以從圖中推測(cè)出畫家試圖把我們的注意力吸引到森林遭到破壞這一悲劇上，而這正是威脅地球生態(tài)平衡的一部分。他似乎想說(shuō)很快世界上將沒有樹了，但我認(rèn)為這只可憐的小鳥象征包括人類在內(nèi)的所有生物。而且，如果我們?cè)试S繼續(xù)破壞環(huán)境，我們也會(huì)像小鳥一樣無(wú)家可歸。

這幅簡(jiǎn)單的圖畫是對(duì)全人類的一個(gè)警鐘。如果不想讓這個(gè)對(duì)這個(gè)星球可怕未來(lái)的生動(dòng)的描繪變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，我們現(xiàn)在必須采取積極的措施停止掠奪地球的自然資源。很明顯，畫家在力勸我們開始拯救森林的行動(dòng)。我們都可以參與，敦促當(dāng)?shù)卣扇〈胧┱葮淠尽?/p>

范文：

The cartoon presents the Earth with a personified human face that seems quite unhappy.A examination of the picture immediately reveals that the source of its mood is the air pollution resulting from a huge number of automobiles spread around its surface.The cartoon, no doubt, aims at alarming humans of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our insatiable production and usage of automobiles.However, the majority of people merely indulge in the celebration of the convenience brought by cars, while forgetting or simply neglecting their harmful impact on the atmosphere.Admittedly, there are various factors contributing to the current worldwide air pollution, but it is undeniable that the exhaust from automobiles is categorized as one of the major elements.I would like to make the following proposals to solve this problem: firstly, we should apply the most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as substitutes for fossil fuels.It should also be guaranteed that the clean energy be inexpensive so that it can be widely accepted.Besides, there should be attempts to develop possible transportation means, so that citizens can be diverted from dependence on cars.In short, it is humans' responsibility to resume clean air for Earth.譯文：

這幅漫畫以擬人的方式呈現(xiàn)地球，它的臉顯得非常不高興。仔細(xì)觀察這幅圖就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其郁悶來(lái)自于空氣污染，這是由于其表面上有著無(wú)數(shù)車輛在行駛。

毫無(wú)疑問，這幅漫畫意在向人們敲響警鐘，即人類永不知足的生產(chǎn)和使用汽車給我們的地球帶來(lái)了巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。但是，大部分人卻沉溺于汽車帶來(lái)方便，而忘記了或者是忽略了其對(duì)大氣層的負(fù)面影響。誠(chéng)然，有很多因素導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在的全球空氣污染問題，但是不能否認(rèn)的是汽車廢氣被歸為最重要的因素之一。

為了解決這個(gè)問題，我想提出以下建議：第一，我們應(yīng)該運(yùn)用最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)從而以新能源替代化石燃料。同時(shí)，我們要確保清潔能源的價(jià)格低廉以得到大眾的接受。此外，我們應(yīng)該嘗試發(fā)展各種交通方式，這樣市民們能夠擺脫對(duì)于汽車

晚期癌癥病人請(qǐng)求安樂死。我們?cè)趺崔k？

范文

Mercy killing is one of the most controversial issues in the world of medicine.As the picture given above depicts, a late-stage cancer patient is terminally-ill, asking the doctors for mercy killing.But the doctors look deeply embarrassed, feeling helpless because they are at a loss what to do about it.The picture really sets me thinking.It implies that people differ in their attitudes towards the mercy killing.Some people think that physician-assisted suicide can relieve dying patients of unbearable pain and suffering.They maintain that as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, he has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.Others are strongly opposed to physician-assisted suicide.They contend that a doctor has no right to give a patient sufficient medication to control his pain if that may hasten death.They conclude that it is illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.As far as I’m concerned, doctors have a duty to help dying patients to alleviate their pain and suffering.I also agree that doctors deserve to be punished if they prolong the needless suffering of their terminally-ill patients.In short, I am in favor of mercy killing.(207 words)

譯文：

安樂死是醫(yī)學(xué)界最有爭(zhēng)議的問題之一。正如上面所示的畫所描繪的，一位晚期癌癥病人病入膏肓，請(qǐng)求醫(yī)生們實(shí)施安樂死。但醫(yī)生們看上去十分尷尬，感到無(wú)能為力，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢涝撛趺崔k。

這幅畫確實(shí)發(fā)人深省。它暗示，人們?cè)趯?duì)待安樂死上看法不一致。有些人認(rèn)為，醫(yī)助自殺可以減輕垂死病人不堪忍受的痛苦。他們主張，只要醫(yī)生開藥是為了合法的醫(yī)療目的，那么即使病人使用這種藥物加速了死亡，醫(yī)生也沒有做什么違法的事。其他人則強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)醫(yī)助自殺。他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，醫(yī)生無(wú)權(quán)給病人開足以控制痛苦的藥物，如果那樣做會(huì)加速死亡的話。他們的結(jié)論是，醫(yī)生幫助垂危病人結(jié)束生命是違法的。

依我看，醫(yī)生有義務(wù)幫助垂死病人緩解病痛。我還認(rèn)為，如果醫(yī)生延長(zhǎng)了垂死病人不必要的痛苦的話，那他們應(yīng)該受到懲處。總之，我贊成安樂死。

范文：

People have the illusion that they can do anything with money.Just as what is shown in the picture, by paying a penalty, people can give birth to more children, factories can let out the polluted air directly without any treatment, and trees can be felled at will.This is a very serious social problem.Compared with other countries, China has a larger population but more limited resources.If everybody behaves in the similar way, it would be far beyond the country's capacity to guarantee everyone a well-off life.Moreover, it was reported that to bring up one child costs 350,000 yuan, which means that a family with several children bears a heavy burden.Meanwhile, if factories do not take any measure to treat the polluted air, the atmosphere will be further contaminated.Also, the felling of trees will surely lead to soil erosion, while frequently occurring sand storms are humans' deserved punishment for deforestation.Though penalty is one of the methods to punish this sort of behavior, it is never the only way.Solving these problems reflected in the picture depends largely on our responsibility to society and environment.If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, harmony between man and the environment will not be far away.譯文：

現(xiàn)今很多人認(rèn)為用錢就可以做所有的事情。正如圖中所示的那樣，通過(guò)付罰款，人們可以超生，工廠可以不經(jīng)過(guò)處理就排放廢氣，樹木也可以被隨意地砍伐。

這是一個(gè)非常嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題。相比其他國(guó)家，中國(guó)有更多的人口而資源卻非常有限。如果每個(gè)人都用這種方式行事的話，那么這個(gè)國(guó)家遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有能力讓每個(gè)人都過(guò)上富裕的生活。此外，有報(bào)道稱要培養(yǎng)一個(gè)孩子需要花費(fèi)3萬(wàn)5千元，這意味著一個(gè)有許多孩子的家庭將承受很沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。同時(shí)，如果工廠不采取措施處理廢氣的話，大氣層會(huì)被進(jìn)一步污染。另外，樹木砍伐會(huì)導(dǎo)致土地的腐蝕和水土流失，頻繁發(fā)生的沙塵暴就是人類過(guò)度砍伐森林應(yīng)得的懲罰。

盡管罰款是懲罰這些行為的一種方法，但絕不是唯一的方法。解決這個(gè)問題更重要的一點(diǎn)在很大程度上取決于我們對(duì)于社會(huì)和環(huán)境的責(zé)任。如果能夠喚起廣泛的責(zé)任感，那么我們離達(dá)到人與自然之間的和諧就不遠(yuǎn)了。范文：

In this picture a man rudely opens a garbage can and violently throws all kinds of waste into it.However, the box is not an ordinary trash can, but is, as a matter of fact, the Earth.It is where survive, breed, and prosper.But as the drawing indicates, Earth does not receive an equal repayment.Quite the contrary, one of the biggest “gifts” humans return to Earth is an unbelievable amount of trash.The picture purposefully points out a kind of pollution that arouses little public attention, that is, garbage.The past century has witnessed an unprecedented increase in garbage output, most of it technological products that are difficult to be decomposed through natural processes, such as plastics and glass.Furthermore, a recent report released that several major Chinese cities are already surrounded by circles of trash in the suburban areas, polluting air, water, and earth.Hence, the issue of waste pollution needs to be addressed as one of the priorities that demand social efforts.Only through a holistic system of trash disposal can this problem be fully solved.Moreover, we should advocate a more frugal lifestyle so as to reduce the growing scale of waste pollution.譯文：

在該圖中，一個(gè)男人粗魯?shù)卮蜷_一個(gè)垃圾箱、猛然地把各種垃圾往里倒。但是，這不是一個(gè)普通的垃圾箱，而實(shí)際上是地球，是人類生存、繁衍和發(fā)展的土地?？烧鐖D中所表明的那樣，地球卻沒有得到她應(yīng)得的回報(bào)。相反，人類回復(fù)給地球的最大“禮物”之一就是數(shù)量驚人的垃圾。

這幅圖意在指出一種沒有得到足夠公眾關(guān)注的污染，即垃圾污染。過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)見證了人類前所未有的垃圾生產(chǎn)，而大部分是來(lái)源于各種技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的垃圾，它們很難通過(guò)自然過(guò)程進(jìn)行分解，比如塑料和玻璃。此外，最近的一則報(bào)道顯示中國(guó)的幾個(gè)主要城市的郊區(qū)幾乎都被垃圾所包圍，全方位地污染了空氣、水源和土地。

因此，垃圾污染這一問題必須被看作是需要得到全社會(huì)努力解決的主要問題之一。只有通過(guò)一個(gè)全面的垃圾處理系統(tǒng)才能夠充分解決這一問題。此外，我們應(yīng)該提倡一種更加節(jié)儉的生活方式，以減小垃圾污染的增長(zhǎng)

范文(十一)

Writing(圖畫提綱式議論文)

Directions: Study the picture carefully and write an essay of 160--200 words in which you should

1)depict the present situation of private cars in Beijing，2)offer reasons for or against owning private cars, and

3)give your own opinion on the issue.北京擁250萬(wàn)輛汽車，其中私家車達(dá)到170萬(wàn)輛。

范文

With the living standards rising rapidly, more and more Beijing residents have cars of their own.Statistics show that in Beijing alone, there are 2500,000 cars, among which private cars add up to(=number)1700,000.The increase in the number of cars brings about a lot of problems, such as air pollution, noise, traffic congestion and gas shortage.Then a controversy arises: whether private cars should be encouraged in Beijing? People differ in their opinions on it.Many residents are against owning cars.According to them, private cars have to be limited in Beijing.The reasons for it are obvious.To begin with, cars contribute to air pollution.Beijing is now plagued by serious air pollution.If people are to have cars of their own, the already contaminated atmosphere will get even dirtier.Secondly, private cars can be a terrible threat to the already heavy traffic in the city.If more cars are allowed onto busy streets, there will be more traffic jams, which is really a public hazard to all of us.Finally, cars consume a large amount of fuel.Though China is rich in its oil resources, they are running out rapidly.All these facts allow of only one solution: to limit the ever growing number of cars.In my opinion, private cars should be discouraged in Beijing.In order to leave clean air, wide and safe roads and abundant energy resources to our descendants, we have to say “No” to private cars.As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned, we can develop mass transit to take the place of private cars.In short, Beijing does not need private cars.譯文：

隨著生活水平的迅速提高，越來(lái)越多的北京居民擁有自己的汽車。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，北京有250萬(wàn)輛汽車，其中私家車達(dá)到170萬(wàn)輛。汽車數(shù)量的增加產(chǎn)生了一系列問題，如空氣污染、噪音、交通堵塞和汽油短缺。這樣就引起了一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論：北京是否應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)私家車？人們對(duì)這個(gè)問題有不同的想法。

許多人反對(duì)擁有汽車。在他們看來(lái)，北京必須限制私家車。原因很明顯。首先，汽車加劇了空氣污染。北京的空氣嚴(yán)重污染。如果人們都要擁有私家車，已經(jīng)污染的大氣將變得更臟。其次，私家車可能對(duì)北京業(yè)已擁擠的交通狀況是一個(gè)可怕的威脅。如果更多的汽車開上繁華的街道，交通堵塞將會(huì)更嚴(yán)重。這對(duì)我們大家來(lái)說(shuō)確是公害。最后，汽車消耗大量燃料。雖然中國(guó)擁有豐富的石油資源，但是它們正在日趨減少。所有這些事實(shí)只能有一種解決辦法：限止日益增長(zhǎng)的汽車數(shù)量。

我的看法是北京不應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)私家車。為把清潔的空氣、寬闊安全的道路和富饒的石油資源留給子孫后代，我們對(duì)私家車只能說(shuō)“不”。至于對(duì)交通工具的巨大需求，我們可以發(fā)展公交系統(tǒng)來(lái)代替私家車。總而言之，北京不需要私家車。