第一篇：考博英語

1How compelling and thought-provoking the above image is(images are)!

多么引人注目的、容易讓人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想的畫面呀！

2What is apparently betrayed in the cartoon(s)is that …,in contrast, …

這個漫畫明顯表現(xiàn)出來的是、、、、，相反的，、、、、、3What on earth can we derive from the interesting and instructive drawing?

從這幅有趣的、有教育性意義的圖畫上我們究竟可以得到什么信息呢？

4It goes without saying that(there is no denying the fact that)what the painter actually aims to convey in the picture is(pictures are)profound.毫無疑問，事實上作者在這幅畫中傳達(dá)的目標(biāo)意義深刻。

5Primarily, we can learn that such cases are far from being rare and upsetting parallels can be readily found anywhere from our neighborhood and around the world.6What’s more, there has been a growing concern nowadays over the worsening phenomenon.7It is hard to imagine what our society would be like if such pervasive trend go unchallenged.首先，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的事情很常見，在我們附近，在世界范圍內(nèi)很容易的就能看到類似的令人不愉快的事情。其次，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)對這類惡化的現(xiàn)象給予了越來越多的關(guān)注。很難想象如果類似的影響惡劣的趨勢沒有得到制止我們的社會將變成什么樣子。

8Additionally, to reverse the grim situation, effective and efficient measures should be entailed by all parties concerned.9The authorities, the mass media and every one are on the list.10Enhancing people’s awareness of such practices and setting up relevant rules and regulations ought to be top priority of the agenda.另外，為了扭轉(zhuǎn)嚴(yán)峻的情況，相關(guān)政黨應(yīng)該采取有效的方法，職權(quán)部門、大眾傳媒和每一個人都包括在內(nèi)。提高大家對這些措施的關(guān)注程度、制定相關(guān)規(guī)章制度應(yīng)該是位于日程之首。11Considering what’s presented above, we may safely come to the conclusion that it is high time that such stories were ended or at least reduced.12I am strongly convinced that only when such things vanish or disappear, can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.考慮到以上提到的事情，我們可以順利的得出結(jié)論：是該結(jié)束或者減少這類事情的時候了。我堅信只有這類事情消失的時候，我們才能夠維持一個我們希望所的快樂、健康、和諧的社會。

若是好的話題：

1.第5句去掉upsetting

2.第6句去掉worsening

3.第7句移到最后一段的最后一句，且改./;成It’s hard …if we fail to grasp such cases and can

not put them into practice.4.把第8句換句舉例：To make the point even clearer, let’s come to example regarding an

acquaintance of mine.（為了更明顯的表達(dá)這個觀點，我將舉一個關(guān)于我一個熟人的例子）

5.第3段 …that it is high time all parties concerned took effective and efficient measures to

practice.The authorities, the mass media, as well as each individual are involved.And I’m strongly convinced that we’ll ensure such practices, thus maintaining a happy, healthy, harmonious society as we all wish.（1）不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一____.On the other hand, __原因二___.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more

（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優(yōu)點一______.And secondly ___優(yōu)點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.（3）答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文題目, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法

（4）諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）圖表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease

(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.1．開頭萬能公式一：名人名言

原理：名人名言盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理

經(jīng)典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（適用于已記住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（適用于自編名言）

更多經(jīng)典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2．開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計

原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。還是靠編

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college

students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：Honesty根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。

Youth根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某大學(xué)，學(xué)生課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

結(jié)尾萬能公式：

1．結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論

說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2．結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議

如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官本來經(jīng)常考這個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

第二篇：考博英語優(yōu)秀

中科院博士研究生英語寫作分析及范文

1999.3

2000.3

2001.3

2002.3

2002.10

2003.3

2003.10

2004.3

2005.3 題目解析：

“如何減少交通事故?”這道作文題目簡潔明了，比較容易把握。正確地理解本題最重要的是抓住題眼，也就是“如何”這個詞。本題十分明確地要求考生專門討論解決某一現(xiàn)象或問題的具體措施，而有的考生沒能緊緊圍繞解決辦法多著筆墨，而去分析交通事故這個問題背后的根源，顯然無法取得理想的成績。范文：

With the rapid development of society, more and more people in China can afford to buy a car.As a consequence, traffic accidents gradually become a serious problem and bring great inconveniences to people.In my opinion, this problem can be solved from three aspects.Firstly, our government should take drastic measures and enforce a series of effective traffic rules, which must be well acknowledged and understood by every person.Those who do not obey the rules will be punished according to the actual situation.Secondly, the Ministry of Communications should make every effort to better the poor traffic environment.We need traffic police to be responsible for their job.If our policemen can be committed to what they are doing, the traffic condition will surely be improved.Thirdly, every member of the society should realize the seriousness of traffic accidents, which not only bring mischief to the drivers themselves, but also lead their families into bitterness.As drivers, they should not drink alcohol before driving.As walkers, they should not cross the street when red light is still on.In a word, it is the task of the whole society to solve the traffic accidents.I believe the traffic accidents will be reduced through the endeavor of everyone, and our society will have a nice traffic order and environment.(220 words)

2006.3 題目解析：

本題首先列出了一個現(xiàn)實生活中的現(xiàn)象：中國雖然擁有世界上最多的人口和大量的研究工作者，卻至今沒能培養(yǎng)出一名諾貝爾獎獲得者。針對這一現(xiàn)象，題目的要求是十分具體的，就是去分析這種現(xiàn)象背后的根源。換句話說，對原因的挖掘是本題的重點。

范文：

Nobel Prize, an international award given for achievements in various academic fields, has been a great honor to people from different countries.However, China, with the greatest population and a large number of research workers, has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far.In my opinion, various contributing factors can be identified as follows.First of all, though the educational system in China has fostered many researchers, it somehow hinders individuals’ creativity.Children are usually not valued by their unique way of thinking, but are encouraged to be obedient.Especially in the traditional cramming method of teaching, schools lay particular stress on memorization at the expense of comprehension, which has a very bad influence on students’ ability to solve difficult problems.Furthermore, for a long period in Chinese history, China had been isolated from the outside world.In ancient times, we were self-contained for self-pride, believing that China was at the center of the whole universe.In modem times, we were self-fettered for self-protection, afraid of the invasion of other countries.As a consequence, China has lagged behind in many fields including science development.Researchers in China have little idea about the research interests of their own areas.At the same time, discoveries by Chinese researchers cannot be made known to foreign countries.For instance, the clone technology was first explored by scientists from Chinese Academy of Sciences decades ago, but their research did not arouse international concern simply due to lack of communication.Fortunately, the situation mentioned above has been changing.Our educational system has improved a great deal and more and more opportunities to communicate with the external world have been offered.Therefore, I am sure that in the near future China will have one or more Nobel Prize winners.(298 words)

第三篇：英語對于考博

英語對于考博，只要是經(jīng)歷過考博的戰(zhàn)友們肯定深切的感受過它的重要性，今天取這個疑似廣告推銷的標(biāo)題并不是想嘩眾取寵，而是誠心的想給過我很多幫助的園子里的戰(zhàn)友們分享下這成功絕地反擊的經(jīng)驗體會。

我參加的是全國英語統(tǒng)考，去年因為對自己英語水平的過分樂觀，以一分之差被拒之門外。今年痛定思痛，最終一雪前恥，而且，在復(fù)試中也全靠外語上的優(yōu)勢才能脫穎而出。

首先是復(fù)習(xí)的時間，如果你的英語基礎(chǔ)不扎實，或者想在英語成績上有長足的進(jìn)步，你最需要的不是學(xué)習(xí)竅門而是時間，我是從考前四個多月開始復(fù)習(xí)英語的，而且因為已經(jīng)是第二年考，時間相對充裕，第一年考的戰(zhàn)友提前五個月以上絕對是必要的，哪怕剛開始只投入很少的時間，英語是點滴積累的過程，想必大家都明白這個道理。

關(guān)于單詞。很多戰(zhàn)友曾經(jīng)提出為了保證復(fù)習(xí)效率，建議放棄單詞。實際上，如果你不是真的時間非常緊迫，我認(rèn)為單詞絕對是重點，只有擴(kuò)展了詞匯量，你才能在閱讀、聽力、作文等的復(fù)習(xí)中更快的融會貫通，不然你永遠(yuǎn)存在著瓶頸。去年，我就因為沒系統(tǒng)的記單詞，在復(fù)習(xí)過程中總感覺很沒效率。今年，我首先花一個月的時間解決單詞，我推薦的方法是“重復(fù)記憶法”。具體方法參照園子里一個題為“15天搞定考博單詞”帖子，效果雖然沒他吹噓的這么神，但是還是很有幫助的，對我來說最重要的是按這個方法記單詞不但更有效率，也能讓人更加專注，不容易走神，更有計劃，同時能增強(qiáng)自信心。但這個方法的確是很需要毅力的，特別在中期很難堅持下來。而且在完成一個月的單詞作戰(zhàn)后，后面的復(fù)習(xí)中還是要花一些時間快速的溫習(xí)記過的單詞。至于采用什么單詞表，我沒有更多的經(jīng)驗，我用的是蔣躍出的模擬題后面的單詞表。

關(guān)于聽力。園子里已經(jīng)有很多人講解過聽力的重要性和如何準(zhǔn)備聽力，其30分的分值的確是拉分的利器。有前輩提出“邊聽邊寫”是提高聽力的最可靠方法，但我感覺“寫”實在是很浪費時間的一個事情，所以我是邊聽，邊在心里默念重復(fù)聽到句子，要做到你能分辨的出每個單詞。一篇文章，你要反復(fù)的聽，反復(fù)的聽每個句子，甚至反復(fù)的聽某個你覺得聽了反應(yīng)不過來的單詞，這樣才能最扎實的訓(xùn)練你的語感和聽力的反應(yīng)速度。當(dāng)然，也要通過一些聽力模擬題和真題進(jìn)行實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練，蔣躍的《聽力一本通》就是不錯的選擇。

關(guān)于完形填空，這部分我個人覺得詳細(xì)準(zhǔn)備的價值不大，考的大多是語法，當(dāng)然也有詞匯和閱讀能力，在其他的復(fù)習(xí)中可以一并加強(qiáng)。

關(guān)于閱讀。個人感覺，花大量的時間在閱讀的訓(xùn)練上是不明智的，其實大部分人閱讀的能力相差不大，而且提高閱讀水平的難度是各部分中最難的。但你必須要做的是熟悉考博英語閱讀的題目類型，出題習(xí)慣，出題特點，比如考博英語中往往細(xì)節(jié)題考得比較多，而且往往文章閱讀的難度不大，但題目出的思維很刁鉆，這些可以參考一些考博英語閱讀訓(xùn)練材料里的理論講解，而不用大量的做他們的練習(xí)。當(dāng)然真題中的閱讀是要很認(rèn)真的做，并且分析題目的。

關(guān)于寫作。這部分往往是讓人喜歡忽略的。其實這部分是最容易提高的。去年我只是在做真題的時候?qū)崙?zhàn)寫了幾篇作文，最后考試時，作文最終也是感覺稀里糊涂。今年，我參照的是《醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)一考試—寫作教程》，梁平主編。里面會教你考博寫作的框架和格式，然后通過大量的翻譯訓(xùn)練，鍛煉你的語言表達(dá)能力，同時減少寫作時的語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤，減少這些錯誤才是你寫作取得高分的最重要保障。最后要在每次做真題時進(jìn)行實戰(zhàn)寫作訓(xùn)練，并且通過對照范文，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的不足。今年考試中的寫作，當(dāng)我完成時，我就感覺一定是15分以上的。

關(guān)于真題。這個是不得不仔細(xì)研究的東西。我個人覺得將最近的10份左右的真題放在最后2個月的時間做是比較合理的。平均一個星期左右做一份真題，并且要把每次真題的訓(xùn)練當(dāng)成考試，嚴(yán)格按照實際考試的時間來做題，做完后，必須要大量的時間來分析這些題目。

唧唧歪歪說了這么多，可能很多人覺得并沒有什么訣竅可言，但其實只要你具備了足夠的“決心和毅力”，一切訣竅都可以是浮云。最后真心祝所有即將和正在奮斗在考博道路上的戰(zhàn)友夢想成真！

第四篇：南開大學(xué)考博英語

南開考博英語

一、聽力（含對話和短文）：20分

二、詞匯：15分

三、閱讀理解：40分

四、改錯：10分

五、作文：15分

一、聽力（1分×20=20分）

二、詞匯（0.5分×20=10分）

三、閱讀（1-10題1分，11-30題1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）(A)出自北京海淀區(qū)07年高三11月月考英語卷

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey（獵物）, meeting mates and protecting themselves.A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve to death.by controlpanel

So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved.For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs.Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的），it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands（線）.Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider.by controlpanel

The spider stores energy by recycling web protein.It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk.In studies with radioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day' web.Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down．by controlpanel

Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（無脊推動物）．If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web.One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.by controlpanel 1.A title that would best express the main idea of the passage would be.A.Secrets of Spiders.B.Secrets of the Web C.Secrets of Nature D.A New Discovery of Scientists 2.According to the passage which of the following statements is true A.All web-building spiders are blind B.Most spiders are blind C.Only a small part of web-building spiders can see.D.All spiders can weave webs.3.Without its web a web-building spider would NOT be able to.A.walk quickly B.see the prey clearly C.conserve its energy D.survive 4.A spider conserves its energy.A.because it constructs new webs daily B.as it walks over the strands it lays C.by eating its own web protein and then re-using it in the new web D.by eating only in the evening 5.That a spider is able to finish an incomplete web of another proves that.A.a spider re-uses its web energy to reproduce new silk B.spiders have a highly preprogrammed brain C.the web is everything to a spider D.a spider is able to remedy a destroyed web.(B)出自1997年1月托福閱讀全真試題

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat.One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays.Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel.This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.by controlpanel Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals.The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight.An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink.Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes.A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication.The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.by controlpanel 6.What is the main topic of the passage?

(A)Weather variations in the desert

(B)Adaptations of desert animals

(C)Diseased of desert animals

(D)Human use of desert animals.7.According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?

(A)It helps them hide from predators.(B)It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.(C)It helps them see their young at night

(D)It keeps them cool at night.8.The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of

(A)an animal with a low average temperature

(B)an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel(C)a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

(D)a desert animal with a constant body temperature

9.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?

(A)They do not need to eat much food.(B)They can eat large quantities quickly

(C)They easily lose their appetites.(D)They can travel long distances looking for food.10.Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?

(A)To show how they use camels.(B)To contrast them to desert mammals.(C)To give instructions about desert survival.(D)To show how they have adapted to desert life.(C)關(guān)于旅游能擴(kuò)展思路（原文沒找到）(D)出自四川理工學(xué)院大學(xué)英語試卷

Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.by controlpanel We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight row, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious.Everything of importance comes from the teacher.by controlpanel With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students.In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else.Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem.Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with.John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.by controlpanel 11.The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.A.For the teacher to divide students into small groups.B.To make it possible for students to interact with each other.CFor the teacher to find out how students think.D.To give students more opportunities to practice speaking.3 12.The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years”(in Para.1)is intended to convey the idea that_______.A.College classrooms often reminded people of their college life.B.Critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago.C.A hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different.D.There is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years.13.The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that________ AThe teacher saves the trouble in doing that.B.Learning is made comfortable in this way.C.The teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces.D.Brighter students can help slower ones.14.All the following statements are true according to the passage except that

_________.A.New kinds of desks and chairs should be made.B.It is feasible for teacher to let students turn around and form groups of four to six even in large lecture halls.C.Classroom interaction between students is essential to the training of critical thinking.D.A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.15.The author mentioned John in Para.5 in order to ________ A.Create a comfortable setting for interaction.B.Give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.C.Describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.D.Introduce an approach if learning students’ names and faces easily.(E)出自2006年12月英語六級新題型模擬試題

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity．Thus，children were valued in terms of their productivity and they assumed the role of producer quite early．Until they fulfilled this role，their position，in the structure of the family was one of subordination，and their psychological need and capacities received little consideration．

As the society became more complex，the status（地位）of children in the family and in the society became more important．In the complex technological society that the United States has become，each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members．Consequently，viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted（多方面的）member of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian（功利的）organisms ．This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being．

This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques．People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children．It is now possible to influence the 4 details of the socialization of another person's child by spreading the gospel（原則、信條）of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing． by controlpanel The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way parent-to-child training program．As a consequence，socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure，satisfaction，and problem．

16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A）The Place of Children in United States Society B）The Children of Colonial North America C）The Development of Cultural Values D）The Child as a Utilitarian Organism

17．According to the author，children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their ．

A）academic achievements B）survival instincts

C）physical characteristics D）productive roles

18．What can be inferred from the passage about formal schooling in colonial North America？

A）Children were taught to learn from other children's success．

B）Children were taught to be more productive．

C）Schooling at that time was very undeveloped．

D）Teachers and parents would pay much attention to the children's psychological needs．

19．Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States？ by controlpanel A）An increase in technology．

B）The growing complexity of the child's psychological needs．

C）A decrease in the child's intellectual capacities．

D）The growing number of single parent families．

20．According to the passage parents have become increasingly interested in ____ ．

A）their children's future occupations B）having smaller families

C）adoptions programs for childless couples D）child-rearing techniques

(F)關(guān)于American paradox（原文沒找到）

四、改錯（1分×10=10分）出自英語專業(yè)八級考試模擬題

The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water.This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.This is

only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some

other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature __1__ of the sun.by controlpanel As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a __2__ planet had temperatures somewhere within this range.__3__ The earth’s supply of water probably remains quite fairly constant __4__ in quantity.A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just __5__ about to be replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the __6__ earth during volcanic action.The total quantity of water is not

known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe __7__ to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms.Most of it—97% is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans.The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles __8__ and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when __9__ melted.Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer __10__ than 1%of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface.There is also a minor，but extremely important, fraction of the water supply by controlpanel which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.答案：

1.Let ^the 加入alone.Let alone 意為“更不用說”，表示一種讓步關(guān)系。2.face-surface 根據(jù)上下文理解，應(yīng)該指地球的表面。

3.planet^had 加入which或that。這樣使得planet后面的句子成為一個定語從句。4.去掉fairly或quite 意思重復(fù)。5.out改成outer 這里指外層空間。6.去掉away rise后面不接away。

7.and改成although 短文中這里是讓步關(guān)系，而不是并列關(guān)系。

8.quarter改成quarters 英語表達(dá)中，當(dāng)分子是二以上的數(shù)時，分母應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。

9.when改成until或者unless 根據(jù)上下文，這句話的意思應(yīng)為:除非（冰雪)融化，否則（地球上的）生命系統(tǒng)就無法利用水。所以when在這里的意思有誤。

10.fewer改成less 文中的remaining fraction 仍指水，因此不能用fewer，要用less。

五、作文（20分）

The Environment Protecting and Economic Developing 提綱：

1、闡述二者的relation；

2、提出建議和solution；

3、以一個natural end結(jié)尾。

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ⅡReading Comprehension(20 points)

Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture.To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S.cities have simply built more roads.But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run.Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.

The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system.Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.

hPathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement.Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.

Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock.Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.

kaobo.cn,kaobo.org“Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute.“It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough.It sends people the wrong message.They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but that's been solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems.It's not the solution itself, just pan of the package.There are different strategies.”

Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.

It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years.There has to be a big change.

1.What is the appropriate title for the passage ?

A.Smart Highway Projects—The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion. B.A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems. C.A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.

D.Highways Get Smart—Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.

2.The compound word “quick-fix” in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.an optional solution B.an expedient solution C.a ready solution

D.an efficient solution

3.According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to __________. A.develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways B.provide passenger vehicle with a variety of services C.optimize the highway capabilities

D.improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors 4.According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, __________. A.car pooling must be studied B.rapid mass transit system must be introduced C.flexible work hours must be experimented D.overall strategies must be coordinated

5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage? A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.

B.A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered. C.Latest developments are outlined in order of importance. D.An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized. Passage 2 A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage.Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals.If we encounter a dangerous wild animal—a poisonous snake or a wildcat—we do not fly into a temper.If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away;if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage.We reserve rage for our own species.It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man—indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man—man rage becomes more comprehensible.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles.We are always using tile words “us and them”.“Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side.In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack.The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics.Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modern psychological representation of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remenber that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it.

The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspecies itself.The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies.And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland.The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it.The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin.The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted. 6.A suitable title for this passage would be __________. A.Wily Human Armies Are Formed B.Man's Anger Against the World C.The Human Capacity for Rage D.Early Straggles of Angry Mail

7 According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is __________.A.its lengthy and complex development

B.a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland C.that we do not fly into a temper more often D.that we reserve anger for mankind 8.The passage suggests that __________. A.historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” society

B.humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping

C.the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination D.the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time 9.From the passage we can infer that __________.

A.the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens B.games are psychologically unhealthy

C.any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy

D.the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's sctivities.

10.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is __________.

A.founded in historical fact

B.deceptive C.apparent

D.accurate Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1.Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are __________ to imported ones.

A.inadequate B.inappropriate

C.inferior D.interior

2.It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he __________ what he knows. A.makes for B.makes of C.makes up D.makes out

3.Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was used for business __________, something unheard of in Europe.

A.transformations B.transmissions C.transitions D.transactions

4.As the pressure __________ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.

A.intensifies

B.magnifies

C.heightens

D.deviates

5.The strong scent of Kate's perfume __________ the air in the small room. A.radiated B.permeated？ C.extracted？ D.dispersed

6.The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least __________, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences. A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial

7.They are __________ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them. A.tempting B.tickling C.tormenting D.tricking

8.Another popular misconception is the __________ that great talent is usually highly specific. A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy

9.You can __________ the loudness of the radio by turning the knob to right or left. A.change B.vary C.alter D.transform

10.The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be __________. A.enormous B.huge C.vast D.immense Part Ⅳ？ Error Correction(10 points)

Directions: In the following passage, there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you cross out a word, put a slant(/)in the blank. When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or in some other way does not live to the manufacturer's claim for it,？ 1.__________ ___ 2.__________ ____ the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at thestore of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.Moreover, 3.__________ ___ if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complaindirectly to the store manager.In general, the “high up” the consumer？

4.__________ _____ takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled.？

5.__________ ___

In such case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assumed he 6.__________ _______ or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain about in person 7.__________ ________ whenever possible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is 8.__________ ________ acceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter.？

9.__________ __________

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate that is wrong？

10.__________ __________ with the item in question. Part Ⅴ Writing(10 points)略

Frankly speaking, in contemporary China, volunteer is not quite prevailing or in a embarrased situation attributing to the misunderstanding among the crow.What's worse, the minority of people treat it as a useless and meaningless career in the world.In fact, there is of great essenciality to correct the wrong opinion in volunteer and advocate the volunteer career.As follows, I will list some advantages of volunteer.First of all, volunteer play quite vital a role in our sociaty.Taking Beijing Olympic Game for example, there is no doubt that volunteer is a bridge between Chinese and volunteer, they help to translate for native sellers, keep the activity and traffic in order and so on.Moreover, volunteer is the pioneer when faced with the catastrophe.In the wenchuan earthquake, indisputably, volunteer lend a hand to the victime in the first moment.From my own perspective, volunteer is the most sacred career in this world, we should feel pround of that we are volunteers.10

第五篇：考博英語作文整理

考博英語寫作模板、絕招 開頭萬能公式：

1． 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言

有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！

原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就是名人呢！對吧？ 經(jīng)典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（適用于已記住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（適用于自編名言）更多經(jīng)典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計

原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。

原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造： Honesty

根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike 根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。Youth

根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?

根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that … 結(jié)尾萬能公式：

1． 結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論

說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議

如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官

本來經(jīng)常考這個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？ 更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.寫作的“七項基本原則”：

一、長 短 句原則

工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見，長短句結(jié)合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！

強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。

二、主 題 句原則

國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險型）或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事！特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一 二 三原則

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 如此羅嗦?？僧吘惯€是條理清楚?？脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強(qiáng)烈推薦）8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點的情況）10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況）

建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應(yīng)該條理清楚！

四、短語優(yōu)先原則

寫作時，尤其是在考

試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其

一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認(rèn)識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點—精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其

二、關(guān)鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法！比如： I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I am looking forward to it.這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加，表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。

五、多實少虛原則

原因很簡單，寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應(yīng)該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous，humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：

走出房間，general的詞是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說：slip out of the room 小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說：sail out of the room 小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說：dance out of the room 老人走出房間應(yīng)該說：stagger out of the room

所以多用實詞，少用虛詞，文章將會大放異彩！

六、多變句式原則 1）加法（串聯(lián)）

都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）轉(zhuǎn)折（拐彎抹角）批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，再說缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語：

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我主動搭訕，然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d，然后我們認(rèn)識了，然后我們成為了朋友…可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系！The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）有些人

腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分： When to go, Why he goes away… 5）附加（多此一舉）

如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當(dāng)你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句說，我昨天見過他；或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實很簡單，同位語--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構(gòu)成；定語從句—借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是whom

or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。6）排比（排山倒海句）

文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達(dá)將會使文章有排山倒海之勢！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（氣勢恢宏）要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則 既然十挑戰(zhàn)極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在學(xué)生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領(lǐng)會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！文章主體段落三大殺手锏：

一、舉實例

思維短路，舉實例！提出一個觀點，舉實例！提出一個方案，舉實例！而且者也是我們揭示一個觀點最好的方式，任何情況下，只要我們無法繼續(xù)文章，不管三七二十一，盡管舉例子！

In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colour

s, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：

To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

二、做比較

方法：寫完一個要點，比較與之相似的；又寫完一個要點，再比較與之相反的； 世界上沒有同樣的指紋，沒有相同的樹葉，文章亦同，只有通過比較，你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點（through

comparison）和不同點（through contrast）。下面是一些短語： 相似的比較：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比較：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …，三、換言之

沒話說了，可以換一句話再說，讓你的文章在多一些字，或者文鄒鄒地說，是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點。

實際就是重復(fù)重復(fù)再重復(fù)！下面的句子實際上就三個字 I love you！I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過的例子： I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.因此可以這樣說：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短語：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

考博英語作文是每所研究生院博士研究生考試英語科目中必有的考試項目，考博英語作文中需要主旨句及總結(jié)句能清楚的傳達(dá)自己的觀點.1.Any government, which is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.任何政府忽略這一點將付出巨大的代價

2.Nowadays 當(dāng)前

3.at the mere mention of 一提到

4.In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.考慮到問題的嚴(yán)重性，在事態(tài)進(jìn)一步惡化之前，必須采取有效地措施

5.It is disputable that 無可爭辯

6.Although this view is widely held, this is little evidence that...7.In fact, we have to admit the face that… 事實上，我們不得不承認(rèn)…這個事實

8.We should spare no effort to the …我們應(yīng)該不遺余力地

9.This is a matter of life and death-a matter no country can afford to ignore.這是一個關(guān)系國家生死的問題，任何國家都不能忽視

10.This view is now being questioned by more and more people.這一觀點受到越來越多的質(zhì)疑

11.Despite many obvious advantages of …,it is not without its problem.12.Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果，無法避免

13.Keep a favorable position in… 保持優(yōu)勢

14.As for me, I'm firmly convinced that 就我而言，我堅定地認(rèn)為

15.In the first place首先

16.But is it really case?

17.Negative impact 負(fù)面影響

18.Sth have worsened sth …使…惡化

19.It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to 建議政府應(yīng)該努力…

20.In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphasize on… 總之，我們應(yīng)該理智考慮這一問題，重視…

21.Need sth more than ever 比任何時候需要

22.Sth have gone bad to worse 每況愈下

23.So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.時間如此珍貴，我們不能浪費它

24.There is no one but longs to 人們都希望

25.Around the corner 迫在眉睫

26.We should bring home to people the value of doing sth 我們應(yīng)該讓人們知道…的價值

27.As a popular saying goes,“ everything has two sides”.28.Modernization program 現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)

29.Be linked to …與…有關(guān)

30.Quite a few 相當(dāng)多

31.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.沒有一項發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣同時受到如此多的贊揚和批評

考博英語作文萬能模板

（1）不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（3）諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: ” ___諺語_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（4）圖表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated

by

the

figure/percentage

in

the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily

rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.（5）實用性寫作（申請信)

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for theposition in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely

yours，X X X

范文：(黃色背景色部分可作為模板句)

Is University Expansion a Good Thing

As we all know, from 1999, the numbers of enrollment of university students have increased significantly.Many people joined in an open discussion held by this phenomenon.Some people hold that university expansion is a good thing.In their opinion, more and more young people get into campus by university expansion.That is of great benefit to them.Furthermore, population quality of our country have advanced.Other people, on the contrary, advocate that the university expansion is beneficial.With the increase of the number of the undergraduate, not only the education quality is coming down but also finding jobs is difficult.In my opinion, with the two opposite opinions discussed above, it is clear that neither of them is not reasonable.The miraculous economic take off caused this remarkable phenomenon, so the university expansion is necessary.To control the education quality of university, first, we should appeal to our authorities to make more strict education laws, furthermore, we should enhance the awareness of the people both the university teachers and the higher education managers.