第一篇:英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析英語(yǔ)句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析英語(yǔ)句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句。所謂的簡(jiǎn)單句,就是一個(gè)句子中只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。復(fù)合句又分成并列句和復(fù)雜句,下面我們分別對(duì)這三種情況加以簡(jiǎn)要的分析。
1、簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句,即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。除了特殊情況,英語(yǔ)句子中都有主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ)),有時(shí)候還有賓語(yǔ);而且除了倒裝句等特殊句型,一般情況下,主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的先后順序是固定的,不可能賓語(yǔ)跑到謂語(yǔ)前面,或者謂語(yǔ)跑到主語(yǔ)前面。目前很多語(yǔ)法書都把英語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句歸納為五種基本句型。實(shí)際上,英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句還可以簡(jiǎn)化為三種形式:主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+ 賓語(yǔ);I hate grammar.主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞);Grammar sucks.主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) Grammar is hell.所以,我們?cè)陂喿x句子的時(shí)候,不管句子有多長(zhǎng),不管是并列句還是復(fù)合句,都必須首先分清各句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ)),有的句子中還包括賓語(yǔ)。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)中英語(yǔ)句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句并列句就是兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句,由表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)連接而成。常見(jiàn)的連詞:and, not only...but also, neither...nor...or, either...or...otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。閱讀中遇到并列關(guān)系的句子,一般情況下是以連詞為界限,將句子分成前、后幾個(gè)部分,并分別來(lái)分析,各句的意思一般可以單獨(dú)理解,最后將各句合并即可。I hate grammar, / while he loves it.(以while為界,可分為前后兩個(gè)小句子)
3、主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句即是復(fù)雜句,它也是由兩個(gè)以上的句子構(gòu)成。與并列不同的是,各分句之間的意思是緊密相連的,所以我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地把各個(gè)句子拆開(kāi)來(lái)看,而必須將各分句綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行理解。有時(shí)候,分句里面有可能還包含分句。
第二篇:英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
一、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句基本結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
(一)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):
1、主語(yǔ):可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞(如boy),主格代詞(如you),數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞等。主語(yǔ)一般
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.He made a speech.Tow and tow is four.To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.2、謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成,是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角,一般在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)可以是不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒(méi)
有賓語(yǔ),形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu),eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town.注(以下這些詞是不及物動(dòng)詞:表發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out;表來(lái)、去,如:com
e, go 等)
3、賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)位于及物動(dòng)詞之后,一般同主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一樣,不同的是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’,如:me,him,them等。除了代詞賓格可以作賓語(yǔ)外,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,不定式等可以作賓語(yǔ)。
eg:I will do it tomorrow.The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.I like to swim this afternoon.(二)主系表結(jié)構(gòu):
1、主語(yǔ):同‘主謂賓’結(jié)構(gòu)。
2、謂語(yǔ):聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞(Link verb):be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞如:become成為,turn變
成,go變和感官動(dòng)詞如:feel, touch, hear, see等。其特點(diǎn)是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞與其后的表語(yǔ)沒(méi)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表語(yǔ)多為形容詞
或副詞,既,不可能是賓語(yǔ)。
3、表語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、等。可為形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、分詞。(1)當(dāng)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞不是be,而其后是名詞和代詞時(shí),多表達(dá)‘轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?,注意與動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的區(qū)別。
eg: He became a teacher at last.His face turned red.(2)感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞
eg: He looks well.他面色好。
It sounds nice.這個(gè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。
I feel good.我感覺(jué)好。
The egg smells bad.這個(gè)雞蛋難聞。
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是個(gè)男孩)主語(yǔ)為Tom,系詞為be動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)is,表語(yǔ)為a boy
(三)There be 結(jié)構(gòu):
There be 表示‘存在有’。這里的there沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不可與副詞‘there那里’混淆。
此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
試比較:There is a boy there.(那兒有一個(gè)男孩。)/前一個(gè)there無(wú)實(shí)意,后一個(gè)there為副詞‘那里’。
二、定語(yǔ):定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子,漢語(yǔ)中常用‘……的’表示。
定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),(如:something、nothing);
或不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí),則定語(yǔ)通常置后。副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。
(一)形容詞作定語(yǔ):
The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支藍(lán)色的鋼筆。
(二)數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞:
Two boys need two pens.兩個(gè)男孩需要兩支鋼筆。
(三)形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ):
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的鋼筆。
There are two boys of Toms there.那兒有Tom家的兩個(gè)男孩。
(四)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ):
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。
The boy in blue is Tom.穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有兩個(gè)9歲的,三個(gè)10歲的男孩。
(五)名詞作定語(yǔ):
The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圓珠筆。
副詞作定語(yǔ):
The boy there needs a pen.那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。
不定式作定語(yǔ):
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。
(六)分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ):
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那個(gè)微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。
(七)定語(yǔ)從句:
The boy who is reading needs a pen.那個(gè)在閱讀的男孩需要一支鋼筆。
三、狀語(yǔ):狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,說(shuō)明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等
狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置很靈活,常見(jiàn)情況為:通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常位于被修飾的詞之前;表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一般須
在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前;一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)
詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,動(dòng)詞之前。
有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)在句中的某個(gè)位置會(huì)引起歧義,應(yīng)注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教
室里的女孩‘(此時(shí)in the classroom為girl的定語(yǔ)),也可以理解為‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此時(shí)in the classroom為地
點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)),最好寫作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
(一)副詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ):
The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。(程度狀語(yǔ))
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。(賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)則狀語(yǔ)前置)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
(二)介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ):
In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支鋼筆。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母親面前,湯姆總是一個(gè)男孩子。(條件狀語(yǔ))
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里沒(méi)有學(xué)生。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
(三)分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ):
He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那兒要一支筆。(表示伴隨狀態(tài))
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè),男孩需要一支筆。(原因狀語(yǔ))
(四)不定式作狀語(yǔ):
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。(目的狀語(yǔ))
(五)名詞作狀語(yǔ):
Come this way!走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z(yǔ))
(六)狀語(yǔ)從句:
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,原因狀語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,目的狀語(yǔ)從句,比較狀語(yǔ)從句,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句
四、直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ):
(一)特殊的同源賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.(二)有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),如:give給,pass遞,bring帶,show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人,為間接賓語(yǔ);一個(gè)指物,為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。
一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。
eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) + to + 間接賓語(yǔ)。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.五、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。
(一)名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞
The war made him a soldier.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士。
(二)名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞
New methods make the job easy.新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松。
(三)名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語(yǔ)
I often find him at work.我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作。
(四)名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶。
(五)名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞
I saw a cat running acrothe road.我看見(jiàn)一只貓跑過(guò)了馬路。
六、同位語(yǔ):同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分,近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如:
We students should study hard.(students是we的同位語(yǔ),都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’)
We all are students.(all是we的同位語(yǔ),都指同樣的‘我們’)
七、獨(dú)立成分:有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分,稱為句子獨(dú)立成分(注意:區(qū)別于分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))。
感嘆詞:oh,hello,aha,ah,等??隙ㄔ~yes否定詞no稱呼語(yǔ):稱呼人的用語(yǔ)。插入語(yǔ):一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,這個(gè)故事還遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)結(jié)束。
情態(tài)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣(多作為修飾全句的狀語(yǔ)):perhaps也許,maybe大概,acturely實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然,等。
八、分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu):分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致!否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。
例:錯(cuò)句:Studying hard,your score will go up.正確:(1)Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.解析:錯(cuò)句中分詞studying沒(méi)有自帶邏輯主語(yǔ),則其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ),既your score.顯然做study的應(yīng)是人,不應(yīng)是your score(分?jǐn)?shù))。正確句(1)更正了句子的主語(yǔ),使其與分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)一致(同為you);正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語(yǔ),(不過(guò)已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了)。
分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being,having been.不過(guò)‘There being…’的場(chǎng)合不能省略。
如:
Game(being)over,he went home.He stands there,book(being)in hand.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、without引導(dǎo),作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞,還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或名詞等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.無(wú)事可做,他很快就睡著了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老師進(jìn)來(lái)了,戴著一付眼鏡。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略?。?/p>
第三篇:英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析網(wǎng)站
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
句子的劃分
i.根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分:①簡(jiǎn)單句:s+v(主+謂)s+link-v+p(主+謂+表)s+v+o(主+謂+賓)
s+v+o+o(主+謂+間賓+直賓)s+v+o+c(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))
②并列句 and, but, or等
③復(fù)合句:名詞從句(賓,主,表,同)
副詞從句(狀語(yǔ)從句)
形容詞從句(定語(yǔ)從句)ii.根據(jù)功能劃分: 陳述句
疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句,特殊疑問(wèn)句,選擇疑問(wèn)句,反義疑問(wèn)句,修辭疑問(wèn)句)
祈使句
感嘆句
一.五種句型
1.i am a webaholic.我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲。
chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。2.internet dating hurts.網(wǎng)戀有害。
3.i like chatting online.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。
4.chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.網(wǎng)上聊天給我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣。5.we can call internet addicts a webaholic.我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲。
② 保持某種狀態(tài):continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.③ 看起來(lái),好像:appear, look, seem.④ 感官動(dòng)詞:feel, smell, sound, taste.ii.跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
1、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“帶”(bring)8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+ sth.+ to + sb.”
如:he lent some money to me.類似動(dòng)詞的還有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等
2、“buy”(買);“draw”(畫);“make”(制作)三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),則必須在后邊加“for”,構(gòu)成“vt.+ sth.+ for + sb.”。
如:mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞還有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(訂購(gòu)),reach等。
3、當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)for和to于直接賓語(yǔ)之后
如:richard made it for him。理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西 give it to me。把它給我
4、有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ),如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.i asked john.我問(wèn)約翰
i asked a question.我問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題
i asked john a question.我問(wèn)了約翰一個(gè)問(wèn)題
5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等動(dòng)詞后必須跟介詞to, 不能進(jìn)行直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換。could you explain your point of view to us? =could you explain to us your point of view? iii.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
1,verb(動(dòng)詞)+object(賓語(yǔ))+to do sth his father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。2, verb(動(dòng)詞)+object(賓語(yǔ))+doing sth my father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.3, verb(動(dòng)詞)+object(賓語(yǔ))+done yesterday i had a picture taken with two americans.4, verb(動(dòng)詞)+object(賓語(yǔ))+adj(形容詞)you should keep the room clean and tidy.你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。5,verb(動(dòng)詞)+object(賓語(yǔ))+prep(介詞短語(yǔ))my father kept me at home 6,verb(動(dòng)詞)+object(賓語(yǔ))+n(名詞)we made him our monitor.● 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等?!?注意:動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不帶to。如:
1)the boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。
2)i heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱了一個(gè)晚上。
二,各種句子成分 1)主語(yǔ):是一句的主體,是全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象.students study.(學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。)we are friends.(我們是朋友)if you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨,怎么見(jiàn)彩虹。
the secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘訣在于從磨練開(kāi)始,并要堅(jiān)持不斷磨練。
the painter painted a very nice picture.(畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。)they fought against sars bravely.(他們勇敢地與非典搏斗。)to see is to believe.(耳聽(tīng)為虛眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)).helping animals is to help people.(幫助動(dòng)物就是幫助人類。
eating too much is bad for your health.(=it is bad for your health eating too much.)(吃得太多對(duì)你的身體不利。)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的形式:1)名詞2)代詞3)名詞短語(yǔ)4)名詞從句5)數(shù)詞6)不定式7)-ing形式.2)謂語(yǔ):是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述,表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài),常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任,放在主語(yǔ)的后面。如:
students study.(學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。)we are friends.(我們是朋友)i have a dream.you don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。
he travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。)who teaches you english this year?(今年誰(shuí)教你們的英語(yǔ)?)the pizza has gone bad.(那塊烤餡餅已經(jīng)變壞。)he can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel.(他不可能讀完了那本長(zhǎng)達(dá)800頁(yè)的小說(shuō)。)something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out.(該采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)謂語(yǔ)形式:動(dòng)詞(英語(yǔ)句子的靈魂)
3)賓語(yǔ):表示行為的對(duì)象,放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如: they are teachers.(他們是老師。)i play with him.(我和他一起玩。)you don’t find opportunities?you make them.你找不到機(jī)會(huì)。你得去創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。
you probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常開(kāi)著電視,你就可能聽(tīng)不到機(jī)會(huì)的敲門聲。篇二:英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
摘要:文章是由句子有機(jī)組合而成的。單詞好比語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)個(gè)零散的部件,只有組成了句子才有真正的意義。因此,讀懂句子是讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ),也是我們做對(duì)題目的關(guān)鍵。當(dāng)然,讀
懂句子需
文章是由句子有機(jī)組合而成的。單詞好比語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)個(gè)零散的部件,只有組成了句子才有真正的意義。因此,讀懂句子是讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ),也是我們做對(duì)題目的關(guān)鍵。當(dāng)然,讀懂句子需要我們具備一定的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),而語(yǔ)法又是讓同學(xué)們感到最為頭痛東西。但是我們要知道,在英語(yǔ)文章閱讀中,語(yǔ)法歸根結(jié)底是為我們讀懂文章而服務(wù)的,只要能夠掌握基本的語(yǔ)法規(guī)律,無(wú)障礙的讀懂復(fù)雜的句子,語(yǔ)法的任務(wù)就圓滿的完成了。那些掙扎并糾結(jié)在復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法中的同學(xué)們則是掉進(jìn)了語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的誤區(qū)。下面就來(lái)介紹句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)以及讀懂句子的快
捷方法。
英語(yǔ)句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句。所謂的簡(jiǎn)單句,就是一個(gè)句子中只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。復(fù)合句又分成并列句和復(fù)雜句,下面我們分別對(duì)這三種情況加以簡(jiǎn)要的分析。
1、簡(jiǎn)單句
簡(jiǎn)單句,即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。除了特殊情況,英語(yǔ)句子中都有主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ)),有時(shí)候還有賓語(yǔ);而且除了倒裝句等特殊句型,一般情況下,主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的先后順序是固定的,不可能賓語(yǔ)跑到謂語(yǔ)前面,或者謂語(yǔ)跑到主語(yǔ)前面。目前很多語(yǔ)法書都把英語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句歸納為五種基本句型。實(shí)際上,英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句還可以簡(jiǎn)化為三種形式:
主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+ 賓語(yǔ);i hate grammar.主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞); grammar sucks.主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) grammar is hell.所以,我們?cè)陂喿x句子的時(shí)候,不管句子有多長(zhǎng),不管是并列句還是復(fù)合句,都必須首先分清各句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ)),有的句子中還包括賓語(yǔ)。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)中
英語(yǔ)句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句
并列句就是兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句,由表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)連接而成。常見(jiàn)的連詞:and, not only...but also, neither...nor...or, either...or...otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。閱讀中遇到并列關(guān)系的句子,一般情況下是以連詞為界限,將句子分成前、后幾個(gè)部分,并分別來(lái)分析,各句的意思一般可以單獨(dú)理解,最后將各句合 并即可。
i hate grammar, / while he loves it.(以while為界,可分為前后兩個(gè)小句子)摘要:
3、主從復(fù)合句 主從復(fù)合句即是復(fù)雜句,它也是由兩個(gè)以上的句子構(gòu)成。與并列不
同的是,各分句之間的意思是緊密相連的,所以我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地把各個(gè)句
3、主從復(fù)合句
主從復(fù)合句即是復(fù)雜句,它也是由兩個(gè)以上的句子構(gòu)成。與并列不同的是,各分句之間的意思是緊密相連的,所以我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地把各個(gè)句子拆開(kāi)來(lái)看,而必須將各分句綜合起來(lái)
進(jìn)行理解。有時(shí)候,分句里面有可能還包含分句。
說(shuō)到從句,我們還要介紹一下英語(yǔ)中的三大從句:名詞性從句,形容詞性從句和副詞性
從句。三大從句之下又包括紛繁復(fù)雜的從句形式:
名詞性從句:主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句
形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句):限制性,非限制性
副詞性從句(狀語(yǔ)從句):時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,條件,目的,讓步,方式,結(jié)果看到這里,可能有些同學(xué)又會(huì)產(chǎn)生抵觸情緒了,其實(shí)這些細(xì)致的劃分我們可以跳過(guò),對(duì)于具體句子中的從句如何解決其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,你只需知道從句做什么成分就可以了,從句做什
么成分,就是個(gè)什么功能的從句。
the sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone.(表語(yǔ))
what the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主語(yǔ))
we all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(賓語(yǔ))
the thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone.(同位語(yǔ))
the ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定語(yǔ))
although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(狀語(yǔ))在閱讀這樣的復(fù)雜句的時(shí)候,首先要找出主句或從句從哪兒開(kāi)始,到哪兒結(jié)束,首先理
解主句的意思,最后再把從句的內(nèi)容與主句綜合起來(lái)。
介紹完句子結(jié)構(gòu),就該說(shuō)說(shuō)復(fù)雜句子的解決方法了,那就是優(yōu)先提取主干法。這種方法顧名思義就是先把句子的主干提取,因?yàn)橹鞲墒蔷渥拥木杷?,然后再看其他補(bǔ)充或修飾的成分。
one of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the american, native, or, occasionally, new york school(---the most representative school of american art in any gee---)主語(yǔ)從句](had by 1890)was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the hudson river school.表語(yǔ)從句】
首先找到句子主干成分:one of the results was...很明顯的主系表結(jié)構(gòu),that 引導(dǎo)的顯然是個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,主干結(jié)構(gòu)是...was firmly established.最后再加上修飾成分,句子就很容易分析了,也可以輕而易舉的翻譯并理解了:兩個(gè)派別斗爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果之一是:直到1890年,這個(gè)曾經(jīng)被稱作美國(guó)的、本土的、或者偶爾被稱作是紐約的美國(guó)藝術(shù)題材中最有代表性的學(xué)派,以哈德遜河學(xué)派命名
被穩(wěn)固的建立在批評(píng)家和公眾的思想之中了。
優(yōu)先提取主干是一個(gè)很有效地方法,如果我們具備了基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí),了解了句子的成分構(gòu)成,先提取主干,抓住句子精髓,再看從句和其他部分,理清各個(gè)部分之間的關(guān)系,任何復(fù)雜的句子也就迎刃而解了。
以下是兩個(gè)有趣的句子,你能分析其句子成分并理解其大意嗎?1.i saw a saw saw a saw.2.i don’t think that that thatthat that student pronounced iscorrect.分析與理解:1.i saw a saw saw a saw.(saw n.v.鋸)分析:i是主語(yǔ),第一個(gè)saw是see的過(guò)去式,作謂語(yǔ);第二個(gè)saw是名詞
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
教學(xué)重點(diǎn):
1:掌握五種基本句型
2:了解除be以外的其他四種系動(dòng)詞。
3:了解接to和for的雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有哪些。4:能夠區(qū)分雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)得區(qū)別。
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
句子的劃分
i.根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分:①簡(jiǎn)單句 s+v(主+謂)s+v+p(主+謂+表)s+v+o(主+謂+賓)
s+v+o+o(主+謂+間賓+直賓)s+v+o+c(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))
②并列句 and, but, or ③復(fù)合句:名詞從句(賓,主,表,同)
副詞從句(狀語(yǔ)從句)
形容詞從句(定語(yǔ)從句)ii.根據(jù)功能劃分: 陳述句
疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句,特殊疑問(wèn)句,選擇疑問(wèn)句,反義疑問(wèn)句,修辭疑問(wèn)句)
祈使句
感嘆句
iii.根據(jù)句子成分:?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)詞匯
短語(yǔ)
從句
一.陳述句(五種句型)
1.i am a webaholic.我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲。
chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。2.internet dating hurts.網(wǎng)戀有害。
3.i like chatting online.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。
4.chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.網(wǎng)上聊天給我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣。5.we can call internet addicts a webaholic.我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲??谠E解讀:
go 一般表示事物由好變壞,結(jié)果是不好的。
如:its such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.今天太熱了,菜都餿了。
grow 表示逐漸變化,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過(guò)程,后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。
如:i want to grow old with you.我想和你一起慢慢變老。run 與grow 是對(duì)應(yīng)的,其主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng),能消耗的東西。
如:still water runs deep.靜水深流。turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞,側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。
如:the weather suddenly turned hot.天氣突然變熱了。in spring the trees turn green, the flowers
一、簡(jiǎn)單句句子成分 01 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)主謂 狀語(yǔ)主謂 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ):動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,名詞、代詞、-ing形式、不定式to do等可以作主語(yǔ)。
謂語(yǔ):表示動(dòng)作,由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。英語(yǔ)句子不同時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)形式都在謂語(yǔ)部分體現(xiàn)。
狀語(yǔ):修飾謂語(yǔ),由副詞或其它結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式、原因、目的、條件等。02主謂賓語(yǔ)主謂 間賓 直賓時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ):動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,名詞、代詞、-ing形式、不定式to do等可以作賓語(yǔ)。有的動(dòng)詞如bring、give、buy、offer等可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)指人(間接賓語(yǔ)),另個(gè)指物(直接賓語(yǔ))。
注意:只有及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)才能直接帶賓語(yǔ),不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。03定語(yǔ) 主 謂 間賓 定語(yǔ) 直賓時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ):放在(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))名詞前修飾名詞,由形容詞或其它結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任。(祈使句,省略主語(yǔ)you)謂 間賓 直賓 定語(yǔ)(后置)04 主 系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)(“系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成“系表結(jié)構(gòu)”,作謂語(yǔ))05 主 系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ) 主 系表 主系 表
注意:以上動(dòng)詞若表示其它含義,就不是系動(dòng)詞,而是行為動(dòng)詞,后面就不能帶形容詞作表語(yǔ)。注意下面兩句中l(wèi)ook的不同含義:
定 主 謂賓 狀語(yǔ)(副詞)定 主 系 表(形容詞)主 定語(yǔ)(后置)謂語(yǔ)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))原因狀語(yǔ)
主 謂 賓目的狀語(yǔ)主 系 表 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 主謂 賓賓補(bǔ) 方式狀語(yǔ)
賓補(bǔ):賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)。09主(形式)真正主語(yǔ)
注意:當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)太長(zhǎng)時(shí),往往用it放在謂語(yǔ)前面充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ),而真正主語(yǔ)放在句尾,以保持句子的平衡。注意:there be 句型的主語(yǔ)在be動(dòng)詞后面。
主語(yǔ)
how wonderfully ∣ how beautiful ∣ how + adv.∣ 主 謂 how + adj.∣ 主 系
what an intelligent girl ∣ what important advice ∣ what + a/an+ adj.+n.∣ 主 系 what + n∣ 主 謂
注意:感嘆句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)1)how感嘆句:how + adv.(adj.)+主謂?!2)what感嘆句:what +(a/an)+ adj.+n.+主謂?!注意反義疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu):陳述部分+反問(wèn)?
二、復(fù)合句句子結(jié)構(gòu)(主句、從句)主 謂 間賓賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞that)賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞whether/if是否)賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞what什么)注意:該句中could表示客氣語(yǔ)氣,不是過(guò)去時(shí)。
賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞whose誰(shuí)的)i don’賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞how怎樣)賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞what什么)
let’.→ let’.賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞when and where)不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)
注意:賓語(yǔ)從句在句中作賓語(yǔ);引導(dǎo)詞有that、whether/if(是否)、what、where、when、how等疑問(wèn)詞;1)賓語(yǔ)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)序(主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后);2)如果主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在→一般過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行→過(guò)去進(jìn)行,一般將來(lái)→過(guò)去將來(lái),現(xiàn)在完成→過(guò)去完成,一般過(guò)去→過(guò)去完成);但是如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理,從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);3)疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句常??梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成“疑問(wèn)詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。(主將從現(xiàn))
條件狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞if(如果)21 he won’unless = if not 條件狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞unless(除非,如果不)
注意:條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不能用將來(lái)時(shí),若要表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞as soon as(一??就)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞when(當(dāng)??的時(shí)候)24 the workers didn’時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞until(直到??)
注意:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中不能用將來(lái)時(shí),若要表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。
提醒:注意主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)搭配。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞since(直從??以來(lái))26 i didn’
原因狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞because(因?yàn)椋┰驙钫Z(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞now that(既然)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞although(雖然,盡管)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞though(雖然,盡管)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞so?that(如此??以至于)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞so that?(為了)比較狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞as? as?(和?一樣)比較狀語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞than(更)
三、并列句 并列句,連接詞and,表示“和”
and連接的兩個(gè)并列句子,時(shí)態(tài)往往一致 并列句,連接詞but,表示“但是” 36 the doctor felt very tired, but he still went on working.該句可以換種方式表達(dá)although 并列句,連接詞or,表示“否則”
注意:該句可以換種方式表達(dá)if 并列句,連接詞so,表示“因此,所以”
注意:該句可以換種方式表達(dá)because
四、反義疑問(wèn)句
the old man can hardly read or write.(改為反意疑問(wèn)句)the old man can hardly read or write, ______ ______? 40 there is no important information in the newspaper.(改為反意疑問(wèn)句)there is no important information in the newspaper, ______ ______? 41 he failed to swim across the river in ten minutes.(改為反意疑問(wèn)句)he failed to swim across the river in ten minutes, ______ ______? 42 mike’s already got much information about the suspect.(改為反意疑問(wèn)句)mike’s already got much information about the suspect, ______ ______? 注意:反義疑問(wèn)句的反問(wèn)部分由“助動(dòng)詞+人稱代詞主格”組成,若陳述部分是肯定句,反問(wèn)部分就用否定,即:“肯定-否定式”;若陳述部分是否定,反問(wèn)部分就用肯定,即“否定-肯定式”。但應(yīng)注意除not、no表示否定外,還有never、hardly、rarely、seldom、few、little都表示否定。
第四篇:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法系列講座之三——句子結(jié)構(gòu)及復(fù)合句
語(yǔ)法系列講座之三
句子結(jié)構(gòu)及復(fù)合句
一、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)的句子分為三種:簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句,其中并列句和復(fù)合句又是由若干個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句所組成的。
簡(jiǎn)單句:The train arrives.The sea had become calm again.并列句:They must stay in water, or they will die.It is not cheap, but it is very good.復(fù)合句:The office that deals with passports is upstairs.When he woke up, the sea had become calm again.簡(jiǎn)單句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有五種: 1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) Things change.2.主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) Trees are green.3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
My sister will fix everything.4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ) He bought his wife a ring.5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) I found the book easy.其他的各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)都是由這五種句型轉(zhuǎn)換、縮略或擴(kuò)展而成。由于表達(dá)意義的復(fù)雜化,句子與句子之間銜接照應(yīng),修辭的使用和語(yǔ)言省略的原則等使得原本很簡(jiǎn)單的這五種句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)在實(shí)際的使用中呈現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜化、多樣化的趨勢(shì),因此常常造成了閱讀的障礙。
二、復(fù)合句
由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。由于在句中的作用不同,從句大體上可分為三種:名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句。I、名詞性從句
1.主語(yǔ)從句
(1)結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)(一個(gè)句子)+謂語(yǔ)+…如: That the earth goes round the sun is known to us all.Whether he will come or not isn’t clear.What he said at the meeting is very important.How this happened is still a question.Who will win the game is clear.(2)It is/was +形容詞/過(guò)去分詞/名詞+主語(yǔ)從句。如: It’s interesting that you should like the book.It’s a pity that we can’t go there with you now.It is not decided when the match will begin.(3)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如: Where they have gone is not known yet.(4)That 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般不可以省略。如: That he was elected monitor made us satisfied.(5)“是否”引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句用“whether”,而不用“if”。如: Whether he will join us or not doesn’t make any difference.2.賓語(yǔ)從句
(1)結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+從句(賓語(yǔ)從句)如: I think that he is quite right to go there so early.Who can tell me when he left the school?(2)…+介詞+從句(賓語(yǔ)從句)。如:
Can you say something about how we can solve the problem? Pay more attention to what I am saying.(3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(find, made, consider等)+it +形容詞+賓語(yǔ)從句。如: He found it important that he should study the situation in the United States.I consider it necessary that we often use spoken English.(4)主語(yǔ)+be sure(glad, certain, afraid, happy 等)+賓語(yǔ)從句。如: I’m sure that they will watch the football match.I’m afraid that he won’t come this evening.注意:that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句中不作任何成分,一般可以省略。
3.表語(yǔ)從句
(1)結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句。如:
The question is who can solve such a difficult problem.It looks as if it’s going to rain.That’s what she is worrying about.(2)句型:The reason why/for which…is that…“…的原因是因?yàn)椤保@里的that不能用because替代。如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.The reason for which she didn’t come was that she was ill.4.同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句放在名詞后用來(lái)說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容,這種名詞主要包括:news, fact, idea, view, promise, thought, truth等。如:
The news that their team has won the basketball match surprised everyone.The truth that he was badly injured made us very sad.II.定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞或代詞,放在所修飾的詞后。被修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)一定句子成分的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞主要有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why等。III.狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句主要有以下幾種:(1)以when, as, while, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment/second that等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
(2)以if, unless, once, as/so long as等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。(3)以where, wherever 等引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。(4)(5)以because, since, as, for等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
以though, although, ever if/though, no matter how(what, when…)等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
(6)以so that, so/such… that等引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。(7)以in order that, so that等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。(8)以(just)as, as if/though等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。
(9)以than, as…as, not so(as)…as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
Exercise
1.Please speak louder _____ we can hear more clearly.a.for
b.because c.as
d.so that 2.I won’t go to bed _____ I’ve finished my homework.a.while
b.where c.when
d.until 3._____ she was very tired, she went on working without any rest.a.For
b.Though c.As
d.Since 4.Difficulties are nothing _____ you are not afraid of them.a.for
b.as c.if
d.whether 5.The building _____ face the south is our college lab.a.whose doors
b.the door of whom c.which doors
d.the door of which 6.The ship was sailing in the sea, in the middle of _____ stood an island.a.it
b.which c.that
d.this 7.Can you tell me the name of the factory _____ you visited last week? a.what
b.where c.then
d./ 8.Let’s discuss the questions _____ we are interested in.a.which
b.as c.about which
d.those 9.It seems _____ he has never met the woman.a.that
b.how c.whether
d.why 10._____ the boy didn’t take medicine made his mother angry.a.That
b.What c.How
d.Which 11.They have no idea at all _____.a.where he has gone
b.where did he go c.which place had he gone
d.where has he gone 12.The reason why he is not here is _____ he is ill in bed now.a.that
b.what c.how
d.why 13.This book is for the students _____ native language is not English.a.that
b.which c.whose
d.of which 14.Did you tell your mother all _____ you had seen on your way home? a.that
b.what c.why
d.how 15.I’ll leave him a note _____ he’ll know where we are.a.so that
b.now that c.that
d.in order 16._____ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a.If
b.Whether c.That
d.Where 17.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a small child.a.which
b.where c.that
d.when 18._____ he arrives at seven, he cannot catch the bus.a.Since
b.Unless c.As
d.When 19._____ from Beijing to London!a.How long there is
b.What a long way it is c.What distance is there
d.How long is 20.You shouldn’t tell anybody _____ I’ve told you.a.which
b.that c.whom
d.what Answers:
1-5 DDBCA
6-10 BDAAA 11-15 AACAA
16-20 BBBBD 4
第五篇:英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
來(lái)源:中文翻譯英文 作者:翻譯器 時(shí)間:2012-07-06
(http://)
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
The English sentence structure analysis 英語(yǔ)句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句。所謂的簡(jiǎn)單句,就是一個(gè)句子中只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。復(fù)合句又分成并列句和復(fù)雜句,下面我們分別對(duì)這三種情況加以簡(jiǎn)要的分析。
The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences.The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure.Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis.1、簡(jiǎn)單句
In 1, the simple sentence 簡(jiǎn)單句,即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。除了特殊情況,英語(yǔ)句子中都有主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ)),有時(shí)候還有賓語(yǔ);而且除了倒裝句等特殊句型,一般情況下,主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的先后順序是固定的,不可能賓語(yǔ)跑到謂語(yǔ)前面,或者謂語(yǔ)跑到主語(yǔ)前面。目前很多語(yǔ)法書都把英語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句歸納為五種基本句型。實(shí)際上,英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句還可以簡(jiǎn)化為三種形式:
A simple sentence, i.e.only a subject-predicate sentence structure.Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate(or a), sometimes the object;in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject.At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns.In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms: 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+ 賓語(yǔ);I hate grammar.Subject + verb(transitive verb + object);I hate grammar.主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞);Grammar sucks.Subject + verb(transitive verb);Grammar sucks.主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) Grammar is hell.Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell.所以,我們?cè)陂喿x句子的時(shí)候,不管句子有多長(zhǎng),不管是并列句還是復(fù)合句,都必須首先分清各句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ)),有的句子中還包括賓語(yǔ)。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)中英語(yǔ)句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。
Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate(or a), some sentences are also included in the object.Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear.2、并列句
In 2, the compound sentence 并列句就是兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句,由表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)連接而成。常見(jiàn)的連詞:and, not only...but also, neither...nor...or, either...or...otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。閱讀中遇到并列關(guān)系的句子,一般情況下是以連詞為界限,將句子分成前、后幾個(gè)部分,并分別來(lái)分析,各句的意思一般可以單獨(dú)理解,最后將各句合并即可。
The compound sentence is two or more simple sentences, indicated by a parallel relation conjunction or punctuation and connected.Common conjunctions: and, not only...But also, neither...Nor...Or, either...Or...Otherwise, but, yet, while, so, for etc..Reading encountered in juxtaposed relation sentence, under normal circumstances is to conjunctions as boundaries, the sentence into several portions, respectively, and to analyze the sentence meaning, generally can be individually understood, finally merging each sentence can be.I hate grammar, / while he loves it.(以while為界,可分為前后兩個(gè)小句子)I hate / while he loves grammar, it.(with while as the boundary, can be divided into two.)
3、主從復(fù)合句
In 3, the complex sentence 主從復(fù)合句即是復(fù)雜句,它也是由兩個(gè)以上的句子構(gòu)成。與并列不同的是,各分句之間的意思是緊密相連的,所以我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地把各個(gè)句子拆開(kāi)來(lái)看,而必須將各分句綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行理解。有時(shí)候,分句里面有可能還包含分句。
The complex sentence is a complex sentence, it is composed of more than two sentences.And the difference is, the clauses mean are closely linked, so we can't simply take each sentence apart, and must be integrated to understand the clauses.Sometimes, there may also contain clauses clauses.說(shuō)到從句,我們還要介紹一下英語(yǔ)中的三大從句:名詞性從句,形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。三大從句之下又包括紛繁復(fù)雜的從句形式:
When it comes to clauses, we also introduce the three clauses in English: noun clauses, adjective clauses and adverbial clauses.The three clause is included complex clause form: 名詞性從句:主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句
The noun clause: the subject clause, the object clause, predicative clause, apposition clause 形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句):限制性,非限制性
Adjective clause(attributive clause): restriction, unrestricted 副詞性從句(狀語(yǔ)從句):時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,條件,目的,讓步,方式,結(jié)果
Adverb clauses(clause): time, place, reason, condition, concession, purpose, means, result 看到這里,可能有些同學(xué)又會(huì)產(chǎn)生抵觸情緒了,其實(shí)這些細(xì)致的劃分我們可以跳過(guò),對(duì)于具體句子中的從句如何解決其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,你只需知道從句做什么成分就可以了,從句做什么成分,就是個(gè)什么功能的從句。See here, some students may also be conflicted emotions, in fact, the detailed classification we can skip, for in a specific sentence that how to solve it is actually very simple, you just need to know that what ingredients can be, clause do component, is what the function of clause.The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone.(表語(yǔ))The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone.(predicative)What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主語(yǔ))What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(subject)We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(賓語(yǔ))We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(object)The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone.(同位語(yǔ))The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone.(appositive)The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定語(yǔ))The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(attribute)Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(狀語(yǔ))Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(adverbial)在閱讀這樣的復(fù)雜句的時(shí)候,首先要找出主句或從句從哪兒開(kāi)始,到哪兒結(jié)束,首先理解主句的意思,最后再把從句的內(nèi)容與主句綜合起來(lái)。
In reading such a complex sentence, clause or clause must first find out where to start, where the first end, understand the main point, finally the clause content clause together.介紹完句子結(jié)構(gòu),就該說(shuō)說(shuō)復(fù)雜句子的解決方法了,那就是優(yōu)先提取主干法。這種方法顧名思義就是先把句子的主干提取,因?yàn)橹鞲墒蔷渥拥木杷冢缓笤倏雌渌a(bǔ)充或修飾的成分。
The sentence structure, should say complex solution, it is preferred to extract main method.This method suggests that the first sentence trunk extraction, because the trunk is the essence of sentences, and then look at other added or modified components.One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the “American”, “native”, or, occasionally, “New York” school(---the most representative school of American art in any genre---)主語(yǔ)從句](had by 1890)was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.表語(yǔ)從句】 One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previous [ [ years had been referred to as the“ American”,“ native”, or, occasionally,“ New York” school(---the most representative school of American art in any genre---)subject clause ](had by 1890)was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.predicative clause ] 首先找到句子主干成分:“One of the results was...”很明顯的主系表結(jié)構(gòu),that 引導(dǎo)的顯然是個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)由What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,主干結(jié)構(gòu)是“...was firmly established.” 最后再加上修飾成分,句子就很容易分析了,也可以輕而易舉的翻譯并理解了:兩個(gè)派別斗爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果之一是:直到1890年,這個(gè)曾經(jīng)被稱作“美國(guó)的”、“本土的”、或者偶爾被稱作是“紐約的”美國(guó)藝術(shù)題材中最有代表性的學(xué)派,以哈德遜河學(xué)派命名被穩(wěn)固的建立在批評(píng)家和公眾的思想之中了。
First find the sentence:“ One of the results component of was...” obviously the main system table structure, that guide is clearly a predicative clause, predicative clause and one by What what, the backbone structure is“...Was firmly established.” final plus modifier, sentence is easy to analyze, can also be an easy job to translate and understand: two factions struggle is one: until 1890, it was once called“ the United States”,“ native”, or occasionally referred to as the “ New York” the United States of America art topics of the most representative of the school, to the Hudson River School naming was firmly established in the critics and the public thought.優(yōu)先提取主干是一個(gè)很有效地方法,如果我們具備了基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí),了解了句子的成分構(gòu)成,先提取主干,抓住句子精髓,再看從句和其他部分,理清各個(gè)部分之間的關(guān)系,任何復(fù)雜的句子也就迎刃而解了。
Priority to extract main is a very effective method, if we have a basic sentence structure knowledge, understanding of the sentence elements, to extract the main sentence, essence, see clause and the other part, sort out the relationship between the various parts, any complex sentence can be smoothly done or easily solved.