第一篇:初中英語語法講解整理完整文件-名詞
名詞
1.1名詞的種類:
1)專有名詞——表示人名、洲名、國(guó)各、地名、山河名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、節(jié)日、月份、星期、稱呼、頭銜、書報(bào)名、(由
普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞)如:Michael(邁克爾),Asia(亞有些名詞既能用作可數(shù)名詞,又能用作不可數(shù)名詞,但意義不同。如:room—房間(可數(shù));空間(不可數(shù))fish—魚(可paper—試卷,報(bào)紙(可數(shù));紙張(不可數(shù))4.不可數(shù)名詞量的表達(dá)(2)詞尾加(r)en,如:child→(3)單、復(fù)數(shù)相同。如:sheep→sheep;deer→deer;fish→fish;(4)有些名詞只表示復(fù)數(shù)。如:people, trousers, scissors, glasses(眼鏡)。
(5)man 和woman作定語修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí),兩部分都用數(shù));魚肉(不可數(shù))glass—玻璃杯(可數(shù));玻璃(不可數(shù))Chinese→;Japanese→。洲),China(中國(guó)),Hong Kong(香港),London(倫敦),the Yellow 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,要借助一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞來表達(dá),其結(jié)構(gòu)
River(黃河),WTO(世貿(mào)組織),Christmas Day(圣誕
節(jié)),January(一月),Monday(星期一),Dad(爸爸),Mr Brown(布
朗先生),President Obama(奧巴馬總統(tǒng)),Harry Potter(哈利·波
特),.the Great Wall(長(zhǎng)城)
注意:1.專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫2.由普通名詞
構(gòu)成的專有名詞前一般要加定冠詞the。
2)普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞,如:
book,sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類:(1)個(gè)體名
詞:表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體,如:pen, student, desk, book,bike。(2)集體名詞:表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體,如:
family, class, people, school。(3)物質(zhì)名詞:表示無法分為個(gè)
體的實(shí)物,如:air, water, paper。(4)抽象名詞:表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念,如:work, time, news。個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計(jì)算,稱為可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計(jì)算,稱為不可數(shù)名詞。
1.2名詞的數(shù)和計(jì)量
考點(diǎn)一:不可數(shù)名詞
1.分類
不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì),如
rice,water,milk等)和表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、情
況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念,如work,time,health等)。??嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞還有:advice,ink,clothing,sugar,news,maths,physics,trouble,weather,traffic,information,homework,fun,progress,experience(經(jīng)驗(yàn))等。
2.基本用法
不可數(shù)名詞在句子中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。不
可數(shù)名詞前面不能使用a或 an。
3.既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞 為:基數(shù)詞+單位詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如: 復(fù)數(shù)。如:woman teacher→women teachers女教師;man 一塊面包doctor→men doctors男醫(yī)生。兩杯茶twocupsoftea3.可數(shù)名詞的計(jì)量一般直接在其前加 三杯橘汁threeglassesoforange考點(diǎn)二:可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù) 1.3 名詞所有 1.規(guī)則變化 1.構(gòu)成(1)一般在詞尾加。如:lake→lakes;mouth→mouths;(1)有生命的名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法: month→months;arm→arms;key→keys;boy→boys;grown-①一般情況下在名詞后加's。如:邁克的汽車 up→grownups;pound→pounds;dollar→dollars。我媽媽的頭發(fā)Mymother’shair(2)以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞后加。如:bus→buses;②以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加'。如: 教師節(jié) box→boxes;brush→brushes;sandwich→sandwiches;wish三個(gè)小時(shí)的步行threehours’walk→wishes;church→churches;glass→glasses;beach→beaches。③不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,直接在詞尾加's。如:婦女節(jié)(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,變?yōu)?,再加如:兒童?jié)factory→factories;library→libraries;city→cities;country(2)無生命的名詞所有格一般由“of+名詞”構(gòu)成。如:我→countries;story→stories;family→families;strawberry→們教室的一張照片a picture of our classroomstrawberries; 一張中國(guó)地圖[注意] 表示時(shí)間、dictionary→dictionaries;party→parties;hobby→hobbies。距離、集體、國(guó)家、團(tuán)體等無生命的名詞,也可用's構(gòu)成(4)以o結(jié)尾的大多加s,少數(shù)加es。如:zoo→zoos;photo所有格。如:今天的報(bào)紙today's newspaper世界人口→photos;radio→radios;piano→pianos; kangaroo→kangaroos;hero→heroes;tomato→tomatoes;2.特殊用法 potato→potatoes。(1)表示兩者共同擁有的人或物時(shí),只需在最后一個(gè)人的名(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,變?nèi)纾簁nife字后加's;表示各自所有,則需在每個(gè)名詞后加's。如: →knives;leaf→leaves;shelf→shelves;half→halves;thief莉莉和露西共有的房間 Lily and Lucy's room莉莉和露西→thieves;wife→wives;wolf→wolves;life→lives。各自的房間2.不規(guī)則變化(2)表示“家”、“ 店鋪”等處所。如:at Li Lei's在李雷家在不規(guī)則變化的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有三種情況: 醫(yī)生的診所(1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母。如:foot→feet;tooth→teeth;(3)雙重所有格表示整體中的一部分,結(jié)構(gòu)為“of+名詞's” 或 man→men;woman→women;Englishman→Englishmen(但:“of+名詞性物主代詞”。如:我父親的一本書 a book of my German→Germans)。a friend of mine = one of my friends我的一個(gè)朋友
第二篇:初一英語語法名詞語法講解及練習(xí)題
初一英語語法—名詞語法講解及練習(xí)題
專有名詞與普通名詞
名詞按其意義可分為專有名詞(proper noun)和普通名詞(common noun)。
普通名詞又可分為類名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。
1.專有名詞:是個(gè)別人、地以及專門機(jī)構(gòu)或團(tuán)體的名稱。如:New York紐約 Clinton克林頓
2.類名詞:是一類人或物的個(gè)體的名稱。
如:piano鋼琴,doctor醫(yī)生,ship艦船
3.集體名詞:是一些人或物的總稱,作主語時(shí)可用復(fù)形謂語動(dòng)詞。
如:family家庭,army軍隊(duì)
4.物質(zhì)名詞: 是無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。
如:sugar糖,tea茶,air空氣
5.抽象名詞: 是動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)等抽象概念的名稱。如:work工作,honesty誠(chéng)實(shí),courage勇氣
注:名詞按其可數(shù)性分為可數(shù)名詞(countable nouns)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable nouns)。類名詞皆可數(shù),集體名詞大都可數(shù),專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞多不可數(shù)。
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
1.規(guī)則變化:
1)一般加-s
如:map------maps地圖 field------fields田地
2)以s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es
如:class---classes班,box---boxes盒子 dish---dishes盤子,match---matches比賽
3)以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變?yōu)?ves
如:leaf---leaves葉 thief---thieves賊(注:下列詞例外 :roofs屋頂,gulfs海灣, belief信仰,信條)
4)以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es
如:party---parties黨 factory---factories工廠(注:元音字母 y 結(jié)尾直接加-s: boys男孩 rays光線)
5)以輔音字母 o 結(jié)尾,一般加-es
如:potato---potatoes 馬鈴薯 hero---heroes 英雄(注:某些外來詞 以及以元音字母 o結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加-s: pianos鋼琴,photos照片,kilos公斤;radios收音機(jī)
2.不規(guī)則變化
1)變內(nèi)部元音。
如: foot---feet腳 man---men 男人 tooth-teeth 牙齒 mouse---mice老鼠
2)詞尾加-en
如: child---children小孩 ox---oxen公牛
3)形式不變(即單復(fù)數(shù)一致)
如: deer----deer 鹿 fish---fish 魚 sheep---sheep羊復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
由一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單名詞加一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的名詞叫復(fù)合名詞(compound noun)。復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有以下三種情況:
1.把最后一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,如: housewife → housewives家庭主婦 film-goer → film-goers愛看電影的人 gentleman → gentlemen先生 schoolroom → schoolrooms教室
2.將主要成分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,如: looker-on → lookers-on旁觀者 sister-in-law → sisters-in-law嫂子;弟媳 passer-by → passers-by過路人 bride-to-be → brides-to-be即將做新娘的人
3.將兩個(gè)組成部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),這種復(fù)合名詞第一個(gè)名詞必須是man或woman,如: man doctor → men doctors男醫(yī)生 woman teacher → women teachers女教師 man cook → men cooks男廚師 woman singer → women singers女歌手
第三篇:初中英語語法:There be句型講解
There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某時(shí))有某人(或某物)”,其形式為“Therebe+代詞或名詞(短語)+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語”。這里there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義,be是謂語動(dòng)詞,代詞或名詞(短語)是主語。be要與主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑問句是將be放在句首;反意疑問句中的簡(jiǎn)短問句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”構(gòu)成。例如:
1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(緊挨著be動(dòng)詞的主語是a desk,是單數(shù),故be的形式要用is)
2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)
3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is./No,there isn't.)
4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑問句)
除此之外,還有一個(gè)重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“There be +sb.+doing sth.+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語”。例如:
There are several children swimming in the river.河里有幾個(gè)孩子在游泳。
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中常見的時(shí)態(tài)有如下幾種情況:
通過上表可知:各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過 be動(dòng)詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的。至于你提到的兩個(gè)句子我們先不考慮對(duì)錯(cuò),首要的問題是弄清楚There be與have所表示的意義。There be句型表示“存在”關(guān)系,have表示“所屬”關(guān)系,兩者不能混合在一個(gè)句子中。例如,要說“明天有一個(gè)班會(huì)?!保?)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×)(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.(√)有時(shí)候既表示“存在”又表示“所屬”時(shí)兩種都可以用。例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(“地圖”為三班學(xué)生所有)There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.(“地圖”存在于三班)由此看來,There will have是錯(cuò)誤的。
復(fù)習(xí)There be句型時(shí)除了掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外,還應(yīng)注意以下問題:
1.There be句型的考查更多的是將be動(dòng)詞與主語結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行的,即主謂的一致性。例如:
(1)There is _____ on the floor.(2)There are _____ on the floor.選項(xiàng):A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football解析:(1)由is可知主語應(yīng)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,而A、D項(xiàng)中都缺少冠詞a,故選B,同理可知(2)應(yīng)選C.2.如果作主語的是一個(gè)短語,則常??疾槎陶Z中的修飾語??蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前可以用any,som e,few,a few,m any或用數(shù)詞 +hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/ thousands/millions of,no等修飾;不可數(shù)名詞可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等詞的修飾。例如:
(1)There were _____ students in our school.A.hundreds B.eight hundred C.eight hundreds of
(2)There is _____ water.You needn't get some more.A.few B.little C.much
解析:(1)由數(shù)詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系可知選B,(2)由water可知排除A項(xiàng),再由后一句意思便知選C.3.注意不定代詞的用法。
(1)不定代詞在句中作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:There is nothing in the fridge.(2)不定代詞受形容詞修飾時(shí)要放在形容詞的前面。例如:There is something interesting in today's newspaper.4.There be句型的反意疑問句,要注意陳述部分的形式。
如果陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle,few,no,nobody,none等否定詞時(shí),后面的簡(jiǎn)短問句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?
但有的含有否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)則仍看作肯定句式。例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?
5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。
有的句子單獨(dú)看其意義時(shí),可能不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合于它,但如果聯(lián)系上下句的意思則只能有一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。例如:(1)There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.(2)There is _____ food.You have to buy some.(A.any B.some C.no)從這兩題中的第一個(gè)句子來看均可選用some和no,但與后面的句意結(jié)合看,答案則是唯一的:(1)B,(2)C.There be句型命題趨向有兩個(gè)方面:一是進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)知識(shí)的理解與運(yùn)用方面的考查。例如be動(dòng)詞與主語的一致性、名詞或代詞的修飾語、搭配關(guān)系、含否定詞的反意疑問句等。二是有可能出現(xiàn)“有某人在做某事”這一句型,即“There be +sb.+doing sth.+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語”。
下面是一些英語中考試題原題:
1.There are _____ days in a week.A.the seven B.seventh C.the seventh D.seven
2.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy som e peas,carrots and cabbages.A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs
3.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl
4.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.A.hundreds B.hundreds of C.hundred
5.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.A.many B.a few C.much D.few
6.—Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.—It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
7.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.A.was B.will be C.will have D.are going to be
8.There _____ a football gam e in our school.A.has B.will have C.will be
9.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.A.have;on B.be;on C.have;for D.be;of
10.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.A.any B.some C.no
11.There is _____ in the bag.It's em pty.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.somebody
12.There is _____ knocking at the door.Go and see who it is.A.nobody B.somebody C.anybody D.everybody
13.—Is there _____ wrong with me,doctor?
—I'm afraid so.Your heart is beating a bit too slow.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
14.There is _____ interesting on this channel.Try others.A.nothing
B.none
C.anything
D.no
15.There is _____ interesting in the film,so _____ is interested in it.A.something;nobody B.nothing;somebody
C.anything;anybody D.nothing;nobody
16.There is _____ in today's newspaper.A.nothing new B.anything new
C.new anything D.new something
17.There is _____ in today's newspaper.A.new anything B.new something
C.anything new D.something new
18.There will be a volleyball match in our school,_____ ?
A.be there B.is there
C.will there D.won't there
19.There is little water in the bottle.(改為反意疑問句)
There is little water in the bottle,_____ _____ ?
20.There is som ething unusual on the island.(改為反意疑問句)
There is som ething unusual on the island,_____ _____ ?
Key:
●There be句型與中考試題
1—5 D A C C C
6—10 D B C B C
11—15 A B B A D
16—18 A D D 19.is there 20.isn't there
第四篇:名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的講解-小學(xué)英語語法
小學(xué)英語語法集訓(xùn)之一: 第一課 名詞
I.名詞分類:可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞
1、名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞——數(shù)不清(沒有復(fù)數(shù))
例如:drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面加不定冠詞a(an),表示一個(gè),有復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,不可數(shù)名詞不能與不定冠詞a(an)連用,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 many“很多”+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
much“很多”/a little “一點(diǎn)”+不可數(shù)名詞 some, any , a lot of(lots of)兩者都可以修飾。
3、可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來修飾
不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時(shí)需要用 數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many
對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how much
4、不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法:
1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),又可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
例:There is much water in the bottle.I'll tell you much good news.we should collect some useful information.2)用單位詞表示。用a...of 表示。
如 a cup of(一杯......),a bottle of(一瓶......)
a piece of(一張......),a pair of shoes(一雙鞋)如two cups of tea(兩杯茶),five pieces of paper(五張紙)
注意單位詞后的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式;千、百等數(shù)詞與名詞加用,表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),數(shù)詞仍保持單數(shù),名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。如two hundred students(200名學(xué)生)
ten thousand trees(10000棵樹)
考點(diǎn)He caught a lot of fish他抓到了許多魚(此處為許多條魚,fish的復(fù)數(shù)仍為fish)
5、可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。
名詞單數(shù)就是該詞本身,在其前面加a或an。1)單數(shù)
如a desk(一張桌子)
an old desk(一張舊書桌)
2)復(fù)數(shù):要表示一個(gè)以上概念時(shí),要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 規(guī)則變化
1)一般情況下加-s
如book—books, desk—desks, cat-cats, bed-beds 2)以s ,x ,ch , sh結(jié)尾加-es 如box—boxes, bus—buses, brush-brushes, watch-watches 注意①以th結(jié)尾加-s, month--months ②stomach--stomachs
3)以輔音字母+結(jié)尾,變y為i再加-es。
如city--cities(城市)country--countries(國(guó)家)
注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe結(jié)尾,復(fù)數(shù)變f或fe為v再加-es 如knife-knives(書), half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少數(shù)詞后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋頂)5)以o結(jié)尾
(1)輔音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-es 如tomato-tomatoes(西紅杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)
(2)元音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-s
如piano-pianos(鋼琴), zoo-zoos(動(dòng)物園)
photo-photos(照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero 兩種方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)不規(guī)則變化
1)元音字母發(fā)變化。
如man--men(男人),woman--women(婦女)tooth--teeth(牙齒),foot--feet(腳)
mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)詞尾發(fā)生變化。
如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。
如fish--fish(魚),sheep--sheep(綿羊),deer--deer(鹿),Chinese--Chinese(中國(guó)人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)
注意不說an English,要說an Englishman.①fish作魚肉講時(shí)不可數(shù),沒有復(fù)數(shù)。②fishes指各種不同種類魚或指幾條魚。4)形似單數(shù),實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)意義。
如people(人,人們)these people(不說a people,可說a person)police(公安,警察)ten police
(不說a police,可說a policeman)
5)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)將名詞及man或woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)。如a man driver-men drivers(男司機(jī))
a woman doctor-women doctors(女醫(yī)生)
6)合成名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如passer-by-passers-by(過路人)bus driver-bus drivers(汽車司機(jī))
注意如果沒有主體名詞,就在最后一詞上加-s。如: grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作單數(shù),表示總體。若表示若干根頭發(fā)或若干種水果,則需用這兩個(gè)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃點(diǎn)水果?
we bought a lot of fruit from the market.我們從市場(chǎng)上買了許多水果,china has some good frits.中國(guó)有一些好的水果。(指種類)she has a few white hairs.她有幾要白頭發(fā)。
his black hair is going white.他的黑發(fā)逐漸變成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain這類詞,有時(shí)也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示多次的風(fēng)、雪或雨。注意以boy 和girl開頭的復(fù)合名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),一般只把后一名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。如 boy student-boy students(男學(xué)生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名詞只有作復(fù)數(shù)。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(褲子);shorts(短褲);jeans(工裝褲);scales(天平), sunglasses(太陽鏡);名詞+man(woman)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常與簡(jiǎn)單名詞一樣,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如Englishman--Englishmen(英國(guó)人)Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法國(guó)婦女)
注意German不是復(fù)合詞,它的復(fù)數(shù)是Germans。練習(xí):
一. 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
1.this ______ 2.watch______ 3.child ______ 4.photo ______ 5.diary ______ 6.day ______ 7.foot ______ 8.dress ______ 9.tooth ______
10.sheep ______ 11.box ______ 12.peach______ 13.sandwich ______ 14.man ______ 15.woman ______ 16.city ______ 17.zoo ______ 18.country ______ 19.mouse ______ 20.car ______ 21.fox ______ 22.tree ______ 23.horse ______ 24.bus ______ 25.leaf ______ 26.life ______ 27.thief ______ 28.book ______ 二. 按要求填入單詞的適當(dāng)形式
1.Two ______ live in this building.(family)2.Look at those _______.(child)3.I can see a ______ standing near the door.(policeman)4.There are some ______ on the table.(glass)5.Would you like some ______?(bread)6.I have two ______.(sister)7.I like ______.(cat)8.Do you want some ______ for supper?(potato)9.He has two ______.One is old, the other is new.(watch)10.In autumn, you can see a lot of ______ on the ground.(leaf)11.I have two _______.(knife)12.There are two ______ in the zoo.(fox)13.There are many ______ on the road.(bike)14.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(child)15.The _____ are playing football now.(student)16.Please take two ______ for me.(photo)17.I like the red _______.(tomato)18.Would you please clean your ______ now?(tooth)19.Do you want some ______?(milk)20.There are ten ______ ______ in our school.(English teacher)三. 選擇下列正確的單詞或詞組。
1.Do you drink much(milk, milks)? 2.I visited(Tom, Tom’s)house yesterday.3.He had two(cup, cups)of tea.4.This is(Tom and Mary’s, Tom’s and Mary’s)house.5.Give me a(piece of, X)paper, please.6.I don’t want(a, an)old cap.7.Look at those(sheep, sheeps).8.There are 36(boys, boies)in my class.9.How many(radioes, radios)can you see? 10.That bag is my(father’s, father’s bag).四. 將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1.This is a knife.________________________________ 2.That is a tomato.__________________________________ 3.That child is very lovely._______________________________ 4.An Englishman stood there.______________________________ 五.寫出下列名詞和詞組的所有格 1.a sister ______________________ 2.a boy ___________ 3.today _______ 4.a baby _______ 5.a camel ______ 6.men _______ 7.birds _______ 8.two days _______ 9.John and Mary(兩人共有的)_______ 10.John and Mary(兩人各自所有的)_________________ 六.選擇
1.The _____ in near our house are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers 2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.toys C.boies 3.A cat has four _____, doesn’t it? A.foots B.feet C.feets 4.There are three _____ and five _____ in the room.A.American, Japanese B.Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese 5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A.fish B.books C.horse 6.The _____ has two _____.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch 7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans 8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths 9.I saw many ______ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s 10.The green shirt is his _____.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s 11.They come from different _____.A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 12.How many _____ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 13.They are _____.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 14.Would you like _____, please?
A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 15.There are some _____ in these _____.A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes 16._____ you _____ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 17.I wonder why ____ are interested in action films.A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 18.There is no _____ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 19.My uncle has three _____.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 七.用’s或s’替換下列詞組 1.the leg of the boy _______________ 2.the key of the girl _____________________ 3.the tail of the cat __________________ 4.the friend of my father’s ________________ 5.the toys of the boy _______________________ 6.the songs of the birds _______________________ 7.The servants of the queen _______________________ 8.the shirts of the men _____________________________ 9.the violin of the girl __________________________ 10.the pen of John _____________________________
第五篇:英語語法---名詞、代詞和冠詞
英語語法---冠詞 冠詞基本用法 【速記口訣】
名詞是禿子,常要戴帽子,可數(shù)名詞單,須用a或an,輔音前用a,an在元音前,若為特指時(shí),則須用定冠,復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù),泛指the不見,碰到代詞時(shí),冠詞均不現(xiàn)?!久钫Z詮釋】
冠詞是中考必考的語法知識(shí)之一,也是中考考查的主要對(duì)象。以上口訣包括的意思有:①名詞在一般情況下不單用,常常要和冠詞連用;②表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an,確指時(shí)要用定冠詞the;③如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指,名詞前有this,these,my,some等時(shí)就不用冠詞。英語語法---名詞
(一)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成 A.規(guī)則變化 1.單詞后加S 2.單詞后加ES(以CH等結(jié)尾的單詞)3.以F或FE結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閂E加S B.不規(guī)則變化
1.單復(fù)同形
deer sheep
fish
Chinese
Japanese
means 2.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
people
police
cattl
clothes
trousers,glasses 3.不規(guī)則變化
man----men
woman----women
foot-----feet
tooth-----teeth mouse------mice
child-----children
German------Germans 4.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 1)將后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)
Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)將主要成分變成復(fù)數(shù)
looker-on----lookers-on
son-in-law----sons-in-law
3)如果前一詞是man, woman,將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù) men doctors
women 小結(jié)
grown-up----grown-ups
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 【速記口訣】
單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),規(guī)則要記住,一般加s,特殊有幾處: 【妙語詮釋】
①大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要加s,也就是單詞如果以ch,sh,s,x等結(jié)尾),則一般加es;②以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negro,hero)兩菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞一般是把f,fe變?yōu)関e再加s;④英語中還有些單詞沒有規(guī)則,需要特殊記憶,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox— oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
(二)名詞所有格
1.表示有生命的東西的名詞,所有格在名詞后加’s Mr Li’s house
The cat’s food
James’ dog
The dogs’ food 2.表示無生命的東西的名詞,用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示 The leg of the desk
the cover of the magazine 3.在時(shí)間,距離,度量,價(jià)值等名詞后,可用名詞所有格。Two months’ time
Today’s newspaper
fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí),常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s
the tailor’s
my uncle’s
the barber’s 5.名詞前有冠詞,數(shù)詞,不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí),用of詞組+所有格表示 a friend of John’s
that bike of Tom’s 6.某樣?xùn)|西為兩人或多人共有,在后一個(gè)名詞尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother
Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car
Tom’s and Tim’s car 小結(jié)
名詞所有格用法 【速記口訣】
名詞所有格,表物是“誰的”,若為生命詞,加“’s”即可行,詞尾有s,僅把逗號(hào)擇;并列名詞后,各自和共有,前者分別加,后者最后加;若為無生命詞,of所有格,前后須倒置,此是硬規(guī)則?!久钫Z詮釋】
①有生命的名詞所有格一般加s,但如果名詞以s結(jié)尾,則只加“’”;②并列名詞所有格表示各自所有時(shí),分別加“’s”,如果是共有,則只在最后名詞加 “’s”;③如果是無生命的名詞則用of表示所有格,這里需要注意它們的順序與漢語不同,A of B要翻譯為B的A(三)主謂一致
主語是復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),主語是單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù)。He is a student.We are students.1
and 連接兩個(gè)名詞,看有無the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2
主語單數(shù)+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+謂語單數(shù)
主語復(fù)數(shù)+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+謂語復(fù)數(shù) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作為一個(gè)整體,(如度量,距離,金額,時(shí)間,書名等)其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原則。
There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集體名詞,如family ,team 等做主語時(shí),若當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看,謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù),若就其中一個(gè)一個(gè)成員來看,謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù),class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也類似
His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成雙成對(duì)構(gòu)成的東西,如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但與a pair一起構(gòu)成作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
7.each , every+名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。
Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8.以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also,not…but…等連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)按照就近原則。
Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…幾分之幾/。。百分之幾+of +名詞單數(shù) + 謂語單數(shù)
…幾分之幾/。。百分之幾+of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 謂語復(fù)數(shù) Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +謂語復(fù)數(shù)
…the only/the very one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +謂語單數(shù) He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.