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      溫家寶總理在今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》中首次明確提出要“提高政府

      時(shí)間:2019-05-13 01:20:02下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《溫家寶總理在今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》中首次明確提出要“提高政府》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《溫家寶總理在今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》中首次明確提出要“提高政府》。

      第一篇:溫家寶總理在今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》中首次明確提出要“提高政府

      提高執(zhí)行力心得體會

      陳俊剛

      前段時(shí)間,科技局開展了通過深化作風(fēng)建設(shè)提高執(zhí)行力“四個(gè)一”活動,并組織了對提高執(zhí)行力的學(xué)習(xí)?,F(xiàn)將學(xué)習(xí)心得體會總結(jié)如下:

      一、認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí),加深了對提高政府執(zhí)行力重要性的認(rèn)識和理解

      執(zhí)行力,顧名思義是執(zhí)行并實(shí)現(xiàn)既定目標(biāo)的能力,就是指把理念、思路、戰(zhàn)略、決策、規(guī)劃和部署付諸實(shí)施的能力。對于政府執(zhí)行力的概念,雖然早就看到過、聽說過,但是理解上很片面和膚淺,對政府執(zhí)行力的內(nèi)涵和提高政府執(zhí)行力的重要性和必要性理解不深,掌握不透。通過這次學(xué)習(xí),我明白了政府執(zhí)行力的含義。政府執(zhí)行力在不同學(xué)科中具有不同的含義。比如,從法學(xué)角度看,政府執(zhí)行力代表政府依法行政的能力。從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度看,政府執(zhí)行力代表政府行政效率的大小和效益的多少。從社會學(xué)角度看,政府執(zhí)行力代表政府處理社會事務(wù)、解決社會矛盾、化解社會糾紛的能力。政府執(zhí)行力分為廣義和狹義兩種理解:廣義是指政府為達(dá)到既定目標(biāo),通過貫徹實(shí)施黨的路線方針政策、法律法規(guī)、決策、戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃等行為,對各種資源進(jìn)行使用、調(diào)度和控制,有效處理政府日常事務(wù)所表現(xiàn)出來的政府內(nèi)在的能力和效力。狹義是指各級政府決策、執(zhí)行決策、監(jiān)督?jīng)Q策執(zhí)行所表 1

      現(xiàn)出來的行動、操作和實(shí)現(xiàn)能力及效力。通過學(xué)習(xí),我了解到政府執(zhí)行力其實(shí)是多種能力的綜合,各種能力貫穿于政府執(zhí)行活動的始終,在不同的時(shí)期表現(xiàn)為不同的形式。

      二、加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí),更新觀念,不斷增強(qiáng)提高執(zhí)行力的自覺性

      我們在日常工作中執(zhí)行某項(xiàng)任務(wù)時(shí),總會遇到一些問題。而對待問題有兩種選擇。一種是不怕問題,想方設(shè)法解決問題,千方百計(jì)消滅問題,結(jié)果是圓滿完成任務(wù);一種是面對問題,一籌莫展,不思進(jìn)取,結(jié)果是問題依然存在,任務(wù)也不會完成。反思對待問題的兩種選擇和兩個(gè)結(jié)果,我們會不由自主的問到,同是一項(xiàng)工作,為什么有的人能夠做得很好,有的人卻做不到呢?關(guān)鍵是一個(gè)思想觀念認(rèn)識的問題。我們常說,觀念決定思路,思路決定出路。觀念轉(zhuǎn)、天地寬,觀念的力量是無窮的。一些成功人士也認(rèn)為,有什么樣的思想觀念,就有什么樣的工作效果。觀念轉(zhuǎn)變,思想解放具有“核裂變”效應(yīng),能夠產(chǎn)生推動發(fā)展的不竭動力。對待日常工作,不要總是找借口,要從自身出發(fā),不斷加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)更新觀念,不斷分析認(rèn)識提高自己,改變不執(zhí)行不作為的不良習(xí)慣,自動自發(fā)地做好本職工作。

      三、通過學(xué)習(xí),努力提高自身科技管理能力和業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新能力。

      對照提高政府執(zhí)行力對干部素質(zhì)和能力的要求,結(jié)合我自身的情況,我總結(jié)了一下差距,確定了今后努力的方向和重點(diǎn)。一是要牢固樹立大局意識、責(zé)任意識和效率意識。講政治、講紀(jì)律、講服從、講執(zhí)行,積極主動地思考完成既定的目標(biāo)任務(wù),選準(zhǔn)結(jié)合點(diǎn),力求有新的突破。加強(qiáng)崗位責(zé)任意識,明確自己的責(zé)任,層層推動、步步實(shí)施。二是結(jié)合自己實(shí)際,努力做到“十個(gè)不”,推進(jìn)工作落實(shí),即:不要自行其是,不要以權(quán)謀私,不要不學(xué)無術(shù),不要不思進(jìn)取,不要是非不清,不要無所作為,不要錯(cuò)失良機(jī),不要推諉梗阻;,不要坐而論道,不要浪費(fèi)奢侈。三是要從提高自身素質(zhì)出發(fā),加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí),明確方向,提高自身業(yè)務(wù)能力,加強(qiáng)思想政治建設(shè),強(qiáng)化執(zhí)行理念,不斷提高政治鑒別能力、宏觀調(diào)控能力、創(chuàng)新能力,確保上級的決策部署得到貫徹執(zhí)行。四是要轉(zhuǎn)變作風(fēng),強(qiáng)化服務(wù),深入基層,摸清情況,做好為企業(yè)服務(wù)的工作。五是要端正服務(wù)態(tài)度,認(rèn)真辦理、處理來局辦事人員提出的需求。六是要加強(qiáng)科室管理,認(rèn)真查找本科室執(zhí)行力建設(shè)中存在的問題,落實(shí)切實(shí)可行的整改措施,認(rèn)真加以改進(jìn)。

      第二篇:溫家寶總理在今年的政府工作報(bào)告中

      邯鄲市一中???/p>

      溫家寶總理在今年的政府工作報(bào)告中,提出“在全國城鄉(xiāng)普遍實(shí)行免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育”、“在試點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上,從今年秋季起將全面免除城市義務(wù)教育學(xué)雜費(fèi)”。

      這一重大舉措對整個(gè)教育的發(fā)展具有奠基性意義和深遠(yuǎn)的歷史作用,是我國教育發(fā)展史上的一個(gè)重要里程碑。將這一政策落到實(shí)處,需要切實(shí)破解財(cái)政資金對義務(wù)教育投入不足的“軟肋”。

      但對一些地方官員來說,多年來寧可將資金用在各類項(xiàng)目上,用在政績工程上,用在請客送禮上,也不愿意向教育多投入。財(cái)政資金優(yōu)先保障教育投入,說起來簡單,實(shí)際做起來,面臨著各種主客觀的制約因素。

      1993年發(fā)布的《中國教育改革和發(fā)展綱要》,當(dāng)時(shí)就提出國家財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的支出在上世紀(jì)末占GDP的比例應(yīng)該達(dá)到4%,但這個(gè)目標(biāo)沒有達(dá)到。

      正因?yàn)槿绱?,在國家教育事業(yè)發(fā)展“十一五”規(guī)劃綱要的研究和制定階段,“逐步使財(cái)政教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比例達(dá)到4%”是否明確寫入國家的規(guī)劃中,曾經(jīng)引起過專家的爭論。

      中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在討論這一比例時(shí),認(rèn)為勒緊腰帶也要確保4%這一比例,從而一錘定音。4%的比例最終明確寫入了國家教育事業(yè)發(fā)展“十一五”規(guī)劃綱要。

      這個(gè)綱要將在“十一五”期間實(shí)現(xiàn)政府對義務(wù)教育負(fù)全責(zé),逐步將義務(wù)教育全面納入公共財(cái)政保障范圍。明確各級政府

      提供教育公共服務(wù)的職責(zé),并按照建立公共財(cái)政體制的要求,將教育列入公共財(cái)政支出的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域。

      溫家寶總理在政府工作報(bào)告中,再次對此進(jìn)行了明確。

      健全公共財(cái)政制度、加大政府教育投入力度是保障教育公益性、辦好讓人民群眾滿意的教育的基礎(chǔ)。近年來,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,各級政府逐步加大對教育的投入,教育在國家財(cái)政的“大盤子”里,分量是實(shí)實(shí)在在地越來越重了。

      確保財(cái)政資金對教育的投入,需要將教育投入的政府責(zé)任進(jìn)行量化和明確,列出政府對教育投入的“清單”,有剛性的硬約束,以有利于執(zhí)行和落實(shí)。各級政府教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出按照事權(quán)和財(cái)權(quán)相平等的原則,在財(cái)權(quán)中單獨(dú)列項(xiàng),并報(bào)同級人民代表大會批準(zhǔn),并向社會公布。

      對一些貧困地區(qū)來說,還面臨著一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的問題,就是農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的歷史債務(wù)問題。在一些地方,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的負(fù)債很大程度上是教育負(fù)債帶來的。農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育債務(wù)問題時(shí)間長、范圍廣、數(shù)額大,嚴(yán)重制約了義務(wù)教育進(jìn)一步健康發(fā)展。

      政府工作報(bào)告提出“用三年左右時(shí)間基本化解農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育歷史債務(wù)”,國家在安排財(cái)政超收收入時(shí),其中一項(xiàng)支出就是解決農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育債務(wù)這個(gè)歷史遺留問題。能否將這一要求落到實(shí)處,考驗(yàn)著地方政府的執(zhí)政能力和責(zé)任意識。

      考驗(yàn)地方政府執(zhí)政能力的,還有外來人口的子女教育問題。

      ◆政治教師朱苒

      摘自《瞭望》

      教育投入????????????

      ????????????????????????的????硬????約??束

      ???

      ?

      近幾年,這一問題引起了各地的重視,建設(shè)起了一些農(nóng)民工子弟學(xué)校,同時(shí)將外來人口子女納入公辦學(xué)校的招生范圍,將他們納入到城市義務(wù)教育體系中來,這些措施,使得外來人口子女就學(xué)問題得到越來越有效的解決。

      但如果將外來人口子女義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)全部納入財(cái)政支出,還有不少的問題需要解決,政府應(yīng)將農(nóng)民工子女接受義務(wù)教育工作納入當(dāng)?shù)亟逃l(fā)展規(guī)劃,列入教育經(jīng)費(fèi)預(yù)算。與此同時(shí),可考慮建立市、區(qū)、鎮(zhèn)三級政府分擔(dān)的財(cái)政機(jī)制,使各級政府共同分擔(dān)流動兒童的教育責(zé)任,為農(nóng)民工子女接受平等的教育提供充足的資源。

      第三篇:2010和2011溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告中英文版

      在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上的政府工作報(bào)告 國務(wù)院總理 溫家寶 2010年3月5日

      REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT--Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2010 Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council 各位代表,F(xiàn)ellow Deputies, 現(xiàn)在,我代表國務(wù)院向大會作政府工作報(bào)告,請予審議,并請全國政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.一、2009年工作回顧

      I.Review of Work in 2009 2009年是新世紀(jì)以來我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最為困難的一年。去年這個(gè)時(shí)候,國際金融危機(jī)還在擴(kuò)散蔓延,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)深度衰退,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)受到嚴(yán)重沖擊,出口大幅下降,不少企業(yè)經(jīng)營困難,有的甚至停產(chǎn)倒閉,失業(yè)人員大量增加,農(nóng)民工大批返鄉(xiāng),經(jīng)濟(jì)增速陡然下滑。在異常困難的情況下,全國各族人民在中國共產(chǎn)黨的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,堅(jiān)定信心,迎難而上,頑強(qiáng)拼搏,從容 應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)沖擊,在世界率先實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)回升向好,改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的重大成就。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到33.5萬億元,比上年增長 8.7%;財(cái)政收入6.85萬億元,增長11.7%;糧食產(chǎn)量5.31億噸,再創(chuàng)歷史新高,實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)6年增產(chǎn);城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1102萬人;城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可 支配收入17175元,農(nóng)村居民人均純收入5153元,實(shí)際增長9.8%和8.5%。我國在全面建設(shè)小康社會道路上又邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)的一步。實(shí)踐再次證明,任何艱難險(xiǎn)阻都擋不住中華民族偉大復(fù)興的歷史進(jìn)程。

      The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.過去的一年,極不平凡,令人振奮。我們隆重 慶祝新中國成立60周年。撫今追昔,偉大祖國的輝煌成就極大地激發(fā)了全國人民的自信心和自豪感,極大地增強(qiáng)了中華民族的向心力和凝聚力,極大地提升了我國 的國際地位和影響力,必將激勵(lì)我們在中國特色社會主義道路上繼續(xù)奮勇前進(jìn)。

      The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年來,我們主要做了以下工作:

      Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.(一)加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們實(shí)行 積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策,全面實(shí)施并不斷完善應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)的一攬子計(jì)劃。大規(guī)模增加財(cái)政支出和實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅,保持貨幣信貸快速增長,提 高貨幣政策的可持續(xù)性,擴(kuò)大直接融資規(guī)模,滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的資金需求,有效擴(kuò)大了內(nèi)需,很快扭轉(zhuǎn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢。1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.著力擴(kuò)大居民消費(fèi)。我們鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)的政策領(lǐng)域之寬、力 度之大、受惠面之廣前所未有。中央財(cái)政投入資金 450億元,補(bǔ)貼家電汽車摩托車下鄉(xiāng)、汽車家電以舊換新和農(nóng)機(jī)具購置。減半征收小排量汽車購置稅,減免住房交易相關(guān)稅收,支持自住性住房消費(fèi)。全年汽車銷 售1364萬輛,增長46.2%;商品房銷售9.37億平方米,增長42.1%;社會消費(fèi)品零售總額實(shí)際增長16.9%,消費(fèi)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的拉動作用明顯增 強(qiáng)。

      We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.促進(jìn)投資快速增長。我們發(fā)揮政府投資“四兩撥 千斤”的作用,引導(dǎo)帶動社會投資。實(shí)施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計(jì)劃。2009年中央政府公共投資 9243億元,比上年預(yù)算增加5038億元,其中,保障性住房、農(nóng)村民生工程、社會事業(yè)投資占44%,自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占16%,重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23%,災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14%。全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資增長30.1%,投資結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。投資快速增長有效彌補(bǔ)了外需下降的缺口,加強(qiáng) 了薄弱環(huán)節(jié),為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

      We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development 我們加快推進(jìn)汶川地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建,重災(zāi)區(qū)已完成投資6545億元,占規(guī)劃總投資的65.5%。國家 的大力支持,全國人民的無私援助,災(zāi)區(qū)群眾的艱苦奮斗,使遭受重大創(chuàng)傷的災(zāi)區(qū)呈現(xiàn)出嶄新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起,一個(gè)個(gè)村莊煥發(fā)出蓬勃生機(jī)。這充分體現(xiàn) 了中華民族的無疆大愛,有力彰顯了社會主義制度的無比優(yōu)越。

      We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.(二)大力調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),夯實(shí)長遠(yuǎn) 發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。我們把保增長與調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)緊密結(jié)合起來,加快解決制約經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾。

      2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三農(nóng)”工作進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。中央財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的支出 7253億元,增長21.8%。大幅度提高糧食最低收購價(jià)。啟動實(shí)施全國新增千億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè)規(guī)劃。繼續(xù)改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件,農(nóng)村飲水安全工程使 6069萬農(nóng)民受益,新增510萬沼氣用戶,新建和改造農(nóng)村公路38萬公里、農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)線路 26.6萬公里,又有80萬戶農(nóng)村危房得到改造,9.2萬戶游牧民實(shí)現(xiàn)了定居。我們加大扶貧力度,貧困地區(qū)的生產(chǎn)生活條件得到明顯改善。

      We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度加大。制定并實(shí)施十大重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè) 調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)加快技術(shù)改造,安排200億元技改專項(xiàng)資金支持4441個(gè)技改項(xiàng)目。重點(diǎn)行業(yè)兼并重組取得新進(jìn)展。下大力氣抑制部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩和 重復(fù)建設(shè),關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組2617萬千瓦,淘汰落后的煉鋼產(chǎn)能1691萬噸、煉鐵產(chǎn)能2113萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能7416萬噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能1809萬噸。加快實(shí) 施國家科技重大專項(xiàng),中央財(cái)政用于科技的支出1512億元,增長30%。積極支持自主創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品推廣應(yīng)用,清潔能源、第三代移動通信等一批新興產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā) 展。大力加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),新建鐵路投入運(yùn)營5557公里,高速公路新建通車4719公里,城市軌道交通建設(shè)加快,新建、改擴(kuò)建民用機(jī)場35個(gè);新增發(fā)電 裝機(jī)8970萬千瓦,西氣東輸二線西段工程實(shí)現(xiàn)供氣,南水北調(diào)工程建設(shè)加快推進(jìn),6183座病險(xiǎn)水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程開工建設(shè)。

      We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects,and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.節(jié)能減排和環(huán)境保護(hù)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。安排 預(yù)算內(nèi)資金,支持重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)等項(xiàng)目2983個(gè);實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程,推廣節(jié)能空調(diào)500多萬臺、高效照明燈具1.5億只。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn) 生態(tài)工程建設(shè),完成造林8827萬畝,森林覆蓋率達(dá)到20.36%。綜合治理水土流失面積4.8萬平方公里。加強(qiáng)“三河三湖”等重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治和工業(yè) 廢水廢氣廢渣治理。“十一五”前四年累計(jì)單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降 14.38%,化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降9.66%和13.14%。積極開展應(yīng)對氣候變化工作,明確提出2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目 標(biāo)和政策措施。氣象預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警和地震監(jiān)測工作得到加強(qiáng),災(zāi)害防御能力不斷提升。

      We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%,and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展邁出新步伐。深入實(shí)施區(qū) 域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略,制定若干區(qū)域發(fā)展重大規(guī)劃和政策。中西部和東北地區(qū)加快開放開發(fā),積極承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)不斷夯實(shí);東部地區(qū)加快結(jié)構(gòu)和自主創(chuàng)新,經(jīng) 濟(jì)發(fā)展活力增強(qiáng)。區(qū)域發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)布局改善、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、協(xié)調(diào)性提高的良好態(tài)勢。

      We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.(三)堅(jiān)持深化改革開放,不斷完善有利于科學(xué)發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制。我們把深化改革開放作 為應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)的強(qiáng)大動力,努力消除體制障礙,不斷提高對外開放水平。3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革加快推進(jìn)。增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型全面實(shí)施。成品油價(jià)格和稅費(fèi)改革順利推進(jìn),新的成品油價(jià) 格形成機(jī)制規(guī)范運(yùn)行。國家開發(fā)銀行商業(yè)化轉(zhuǎn)型和農(nóng)業(yè)銀行股份制改革扎實(shí)推進(jìn),跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)啟動實(shí)施。創(chuàng)業(yè)板正式推出,為自主創(chuàng)新及其他成長型創(chuàng) 業(yè)企業(yè)開辟了新的融資渠道。地方政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革有序開展,事業(yè)單位分類改革試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步進(jìn)行。集體林權(quán)制度改革全面推開,15億畝林地確權(quán)到戶,占全國集體林地 面積的60%,這是繼土地家庭承包之后我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)營制度的又一重大變革。

      We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new [w]mechanism[/w] for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平不斷提高。出臺一系列穩(wěn)定 外需的政策措施,采取符合國際慣例的方式支持出口企業(yè),完成短期出口信用保險(xiǎn)承保900億美元,安排421 億美元大型成套設(shè)備出口融資保險(xiǎn)。鼓勵(lì)增加進(jìn)口。去年下半年開始進(jìn)出口降幅明顯收窄,國際市場份額得到鞏固,全年進(jìn)出口總額2.2萬億美元。扭轉(zhuǎn)利用外資 下降局面,全年實(shí)際利用外商直接投資900億美元。企業(yè)“走出去”逆勢上揚(yáng),非金融類對外直接投資和對外工程承包營業(yè)額分別達(dá)433億美元和777億美 元。積極參與國際宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策對話協(xié)調(diào)和經(jīng)貿(mào)金融合作,在共同應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)中發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large [w]equipment[/w].We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.(四)著力改善民生,加快發(fā)展社會事業(yè)。在應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)的困難情況下,我們更加注重保障和改善民生,切實(shí)解決人民群眾 最關(guān)心、最直接、最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問題。4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。強(qiáng)化政府促進(jìn)就業(yè)的責(zé)任。中央財(cái)政安排就業(yè)專項(xiàng)資金 426億元,比上年增長 59%。實(shí)施困難企業(yè)緩繳社會保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或降低部分費(fèi)率、再就業(yè)稅收減免及提供相關(guān)補(bǔ)貼等政策,鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)穩(wěn)定和增加就業(yè)。開展系列就業(yè)服務(wù)活動,多渠道開辟公 益性就業(yè)崗位,促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生到基層就業(yè)、應(yīng)征入伍和到企事業(yè)單位就業(yè)見習(xí)。全年組織2100萬城鄉(xiāng)勞動者參加職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。這些措施促進(jìn)了就業(yè)的基本穩(wěn)定。

      We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.加快完善社會保障體系。普遍建立養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)省級統(tǒng)籌制度,出臺包括農(nóng)民工在內(nèi)的城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)職工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)辦法。在320個(gè)縣開展新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn),推動我國社會保障制度建設(shè)邁出歷史性步伐。中央 財(cái)政安排社會保障資金2906億元,比上年增長16.6%。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金連續(xù)5年增加,去年又人均提高10%。農(nóng)村五保戶供養(yǎng)水平、優(yōu)撫對象撫 恤補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、城鄉(xiāng)低保對象保障水平都有新的提高。中央財(cái)政安排保障性安居工程補(bǔ)助資金551 億元,比上年增長2倍。新建、改擴(kuò)建各類保障性住房200萬套,棚戶區(qū)改造解決住房130萬套。全國社會保障基金積累6927億元,比上年增長 44.2%。社會保障體系得到加強(qiáng)。

      We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 countiesMajor progress was made in reform and opening up.New breakthroughs were achieved in crucial areas and key links of reform, and the socialist market economy further improved.Last year, total foreign trade volume reached US$ 2.97 trillion and the openness ofthe economy increased rapidly.——這五年,我國國際地位和影響力顯著提高。我們在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮重要的建設(shè)性作用,有力維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益,全方位外交取得重大進(jìn)展。我們成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會、上海世博會,實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族的百年夢想。

      -China's international prestige and influence grew significantly.We played an important and constructive role in international affairs;effectively safeguarded our national sovereignty, security and development interests;and made major progress in our all-around diplomacy.We successfully hosted the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo, thus fulfilling dreams the Chinese nation had cherished for a century.這些輝煌成就,充分顯示了中國特色社會主義的優(yōu)越性,展現(xiàn)了改革開放的偉大力量,極大增強(qiáng)了全國各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增強(qiáng)了中華民族的凝聚力和向心力,必將激勵(lì)我們在新的歷史征程上奮勇前進(jìn)。

      These brilliant achievements clearly show the advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great power of reform and opening up.They greatly increased the confidence and pride of our people of all ethnic groups, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and inspired us to forge ahead on our historic course.五年來,我們主要做了以下工作:

      The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:

      (一)加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們注重把握宏觀調(diào)控的方向、重點(diǎn)和力度,牢牢掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的主動權(quán)?!笆晃濉鼻捌冢槍ν顿Y增長過快、貿(mào)易順差過大、流動性過剩,以及結(jié)構(gòu)性、輸入性物價(jià)上漲等問題,采取正確的政策措施,有效防止了苗頭性問題演變成趨勢性問題、局部性問題演變成全局性問題。近兩年,面對百年罕見的國際金融危機(jī)沖擊,我們沉著應(yīng)對、科學(xué)決策,果斷實(shí)行積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施一攬子計(jì)劃,大規(guī)模增加政府支出和實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅,大范圍實(shí)施重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃,大力推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)科技支撐,大幅度提高社會保障水平。堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的戰(zhàn)略方針,采取鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)的一系列政策措施,增加城鄉(xiāng)居民特別是低收入群眾收入,消費(fèi)規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷升級。實(shí)施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計(jì)劃,其中,新增中央投資1.18萬億元。保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程和社會事業(yè)投資占43.7%,自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占15.3%,重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23.6%,災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14.8%。政府投資引導(dǎo)帶動社會投資,國內(nèi)需求大幅增加,有效彌補(bǔ)外需缺口,較短時(shí)間內(nèi)扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢,在世界率先實(shí)現(xiàn)回升向好,既戰(zhàn)勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生,又為長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

      1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work.In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation;effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends;and prevented problems in anyone area from becoming general problems.In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy.We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits.We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand;adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending;and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people.As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved.We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government.Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement;23.6% in major infrastructure projects;and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand.This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again.In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.(二)毫不放松地做好“三農(nóng)”工作,鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”投入累計(jì)近3萬億元,年均增幅超過23%。徹底取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅和各種收費(fèi),結(jié)束了農(nóng)民種田交稅的歷史,每年減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)超過1335億元。建立種糧農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼制度和主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼資金去年達(dá)到1226億元。對重點(diǎn)糧食品種實(shí)行最低收購價(jià)和臨時(shí)收儲政策,小麥、稻谷最低收購價(jià)提高了25%到40%。嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地。著力推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步。糧食產(chǎn)量屢創(chuàng)歷史新高,去年達(dá)到1.09萬億斤,連續(xù)7年增產(chǎn);農(nóng)民人均純收入達(dá)到5919元,實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)較快增長。農(nóng)村綜合改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn),集體林權(quán)制度改革、國有農(nóng)場管理體制改革全面推開。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施加快建設(shè),完成7356座大中型和重點(diǎn)小型水庫除險(xiǎn)加固,解決2.15億農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問題,農(nóng)民的日子越過越好,農(nóng)村發(fā)展進(jìn)入一個(gè)新時(shí)代。

      2.Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and fanners totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%.Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan.We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year.Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%.We rigorously safeguarded arable land.We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology.New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 545 billion kg last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase.The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan.We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms.We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development.We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents.Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.(三)大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長質(zhì)量和效益。一是加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和自主創(chuàng)新。積極推進(jìn)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造和兼并重組,工業(yè)特別是裝備制造業(yè)總體水平和競爭力明顯提高。戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速成長。加快建設(shè)國家創(chuàng)新體系,實(shí)施知識創(chuàng)新工程和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程,突破了一批產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的前沿技術(shù)、核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵裝備技術(shù),一大批科研成果實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)化。服務(wù)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中占比提高2.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)?;A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)明顯加快,五年建成鐵路新線1.6萬公里,新增公路63.9萬公里,其中高速公路3.3萬公里,新建、改擴(kuò)建機(jī)場33個(gè),新建和加固堤防1.7萬公里。二是扎實(shí)推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排、生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。提出到2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目標(biāo)和政策措施,制定實(shí)施節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發(fā)展清潔能源,新增發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量4.45億千瓦,其中水電9601萬千瓦、核電384萬千瓦。關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組7210萬千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產(chǎn)能。推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè),完成造林2529萬公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬平方公里,加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業(yè)“三廢”治理。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。五年累計(jì),單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降19.1%,化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。落實(shí)區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略,頒布實(shí)施全國主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃,制定西部大開發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃,推出促進(jìn)西藏和四省藏區(qū)、新疆等民族地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區(qū)發(fā)展加快,經(jīng)濟(jì)增速等主要指標(biāo)超過全國平均水平;東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化,自主創(chuàng)新和競爭力逐步提高;地區(qū)間基本公共服務(wù)差距趨于縮小,各具特色的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局初步形成。

      3.Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality andperformance ofeconomic growth First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation.We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing.Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly.We accelerated the development of the national innovation system;carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects;and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies.A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production.The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points.We greatly accelerated infrastructure development.We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways.We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection.We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We vigorously developed clean energy.New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear pmver plants with 3.84 million kW capacity.We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities.We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares.We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues.We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.Third, we worked to balance regional economic development.We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones;fommlated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans;and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas.Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average.The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased.Discrepancies in levels of basic public

      第四篇:溫家寶總理在2010的政府工作報(bào)告

      溫家寶總理在2010《政府工作報(bào)告》介紹主要工作報(bào)告時(shí)指出,在連續(xù)六年增收增產(chǎn)之后,更要毫不松懈的抓好三農(nóng)工作。按照統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展的要求,堅(jiān)持把解決三農(nóng)問題作為全部工作的重中之重,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化惠農(nóng)政策,協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化,鞏固和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村好形勢。

      三農(nóng)問題”是指農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民這三個(gè)問題。實(shí)際上,這是一個(gè)從事行業(yè)、居住地域和主體身份三位一體的問題,但三者側(cè)重點(diǎn)不一,必須一體化地考慮以上三個(gè)問題。“三農(nóng)問題”是農(nóng)業(yè)文明向工業(yè)文明過渡的必然產(chǎn)物。雖然各個(gè)工業(yè)化國家歷史發(fā)展階段中都曾有過,但是基于中國人口基數(shù)大,農(nóng)村人口多,導(dǎo)致的人均資源占有量少,人地矛盾等問題,在解決三農(nóng)問題上,較之發(fā)達(dá)國家尤為棘手。

      中國自古以來就是過農(nóng)業(yè)大國。三農(nóng)問題是一個(gè)關(guān)系到國民素質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會穩(wěn)定、國富民強(qiáng)的大問題,因此是全部工作的重中之重。“三農(nóng)問題”獨(dú)立地描述是指廣大鄉(xiāng)村區(qū)域,只能以種植、養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)業(yè)為主,身份為農(nóng)民的大部分國民的生存狀態(tài)的改善與產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展以及社會進(jìn)步問題。系統(tǒng)的描述是指21世紀(jì)的中國,歷史形成二元社會中,城市現(xiàn)代化,二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,城市居民的殷實(shí),受制于農(nóng)村的進(jìn)步、農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展、農(nóng)民的小康相對滯后的問題。中國的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?,且不論質(zhì)的提升,僅從量上考察,中國的重大經(jīng)濟(jì)問題都依賴于農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè),農(nóng)民問題的突破?!叭r(nóng)問題”實(shí)質(zhì)是城市與農(nóng)村發(fā)展不同步問題,結(jié)構(gòu)不協(xié)調(diào)問題。

      我認(rèn)為,在三農(nóng)問題中最重要的是人的因素,也就是農(nóng)民。

      首先,政府應(yīng)該為占我國人口大多數(shù)——9億的農(nóng)民建立健全農(nóng)村社會保障體系。我國農(nóng)村社會保障體系包括農(nóng)村社會救助、社會保險(xiǎn)、社會福利、社會優(yōu)撫四個(gè)方面。而社會保險(xiǎn)是農(nóng)村社會保障的核心。應(yīng)當(dāng)包括養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療、工傷、失業(yè)和生育四個(gè)方面。由于我國農(nóng)村主要實(shí)行的是家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制的形式進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的,所以對工傷和失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的要求并不迫切。而隨著平均壽命的提高和老齡化,他們對養(yǎng)老和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的要求進(jìn)一步提高。而我國農(nóng)村社會保險(xiǎn)情況卻不令人滿意。我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會變革程度加快,尤其是工業(yè)化、城市化速度得以提升,而農(nóng)村社會保障模式仍然根植于傳統(tǒng)的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ),社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和最低生活保障體系還有待建立和推廣,合作醫(yī)療僅在小范圍進(jìn)行試點(diǎn),社會救濟(jì)面狹窄,救濟(jì)水平偏低。可以說,我國目前農(nóng)村地區(qū)只有零碎的社會保障,有些地方甚至處于無保障狀態(tài)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,1991到2001年,城市人均社會保障支出占人均GDP的比重平均為15%,而農(nóng)村只有0.18%,城市人均享受的社會保障費(fèi)用支出是農(nóng)村的90倍之多。我想這個(gè)數(shù)字可以一定程度上說明為何我國的生育政策在農(nóng)村推行的總是不盡人意,為何我國新出生人口男女比例進(jìn)一步不協(xié)調(diào)。數(shù)千年的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,讓農(nóng)民養(yǎng)成在自然經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)上的小農(nóng)思想,尤其在生育思想上為養(yǎng)兒防老。把年老之后失去勞動能力之后的生活寄托在兒子身上。嫁出去的女兒是潑出去的水,唯有兒子才是自己在年老之后的依靠,導(dǎo)致“越生越窮,越窮越生”的局面。我認(rèn)為,在現(xiàn)代社會這一思想仍然大行其道的原因就是農(nóng)村社會保障體系的薄弱和不健全,讓廣大農(nóng)民仍然有后顧之憂。所以,有效改善這一現(xiàn)狀的方式就是進(jìn)一步加大對農(nóng)村社保的投入和關(guān)注力度。解決了農(nóng)民這一后顧之憂,計(jì)劃生育政策在農(nóng)村受到的阻撓會大大減少。農(nóng)村人口出生率會減少。會使父母有更多的時(shí)間和金錢投入在為數(shù)不多的孩子身上,利于他們得到更多的關(guān)愛和教育以及生活質(zhì)量的提高。這就有利于第二個(gè)問題的推進(jìn),即提高農(nóng)村人口素質(zhì)。

      其次,提高農(nóng)村人口素質(zhì),發(fā)展家鄉(xiāng)建設(shè),增強(qiáng)農(nóng)民工競爭力。農(nóng)村幼兒教育發(fā)展程度低,與農(nóng)村初等教育發(fā)展不適應(yīng)。而這個(gè)階段正是人類大腦成長發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵階段。且義務(wù)教育受重視程度較低,有些家長不愿意適齡兒童入學(xué)或者是未在接受完義務(wù)教育過程中輟學(xué),以便照顧更加年幼的弟弟妹妹,為家里做一份貢獻(xiàn),尤其是女孩子,在教育上受到了性別歧視。但在國家強(qiáng)制要求下,這一情況在今年來有所改善,但是強(qiáng)制推行與自覺自愿,很顯然,效

      果是不一樣的。此外,教學(xué)設(shè)施、教育資源與城鎮(zhèn)有很大差距,教育發(fā)展城鄉(xiāng)失衡。中等教育更是如此。學(xué)校少、規(guī)模小,在人口眾多的省份競爭力尤為大。培養(yǎng)高等學(xué)生成本太高,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,仍有一部分家庭負(fù)擔(dān)不起。結(jié)合現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)展農(nóng)村職業(yè)教育在現(xiàn)階段來說是較為可行的方案。尤其在今年來大學(xué)生找不到工作的情況下,“讀書無用論”大肆其道。因此結(jié)合農(nóng)村現(xiàn)實(shí)與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)需要,教會農(nóng)民一些較為實(shí)用的職業(yè)技能,在一定程度上可以幫助農(nóng)民走上致富的道路。培養(yǎng)成本也較低,周期短,轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力的周期較短,較高等教育農(nóng)民的可接受程度高。培養(yǎng)農(nóng)村剩余勞動力,使他們學(xué)會一技之長,在進(jìn)城務(wù)工時(shí)增強(qiáng)競爭力。同時(shí)提高素質(zhì),減少了因?yàn)槿丝诹鲃訉?dǎo)致的社會不安定因素。也可以使他們更好的融入城市。有調(diào)查顯示,一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)母親的受教育程度決定了孩子的受教育素質(zhì),也就是說如果母親受到了良好的教育,對孩子會起到一種潛移默化的作用,會使孩子的素質(zhì)得以提高。雖然此項(xiàng)政策在短時(shí)間內(nèi)效果不是很明顯,但我相信,這有利于我國人口素質(zhì)的整體提高和縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距。同時(shí),可以讓更多的讓有能力和水平為家鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)盡一份力,如加快農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),這可以就地解決一部分勞動人口的就業(yè)問題,也可以使農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)得到更好的發(fā)展,加快城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程。

      因此,綜上,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),關(guān)于三農(nóng)的每一個(gè)問題都不是獨(dú)立存在的,都是相互關(guān)聯(lián)相互制約的。社會保障制度的健全可以使人們沒有后顧之憂,使生育政策得到很好的貫徹實(shí)施,降低了生育率,有更多的資源在每一個(gè)孩子身上,為他們提供了更好的受教育機(jī)會和不那么擁擠的就業(yè)機(jī)會,提高了人口素質(zhì),緩解了人地矛盾,他們用運(yùn)用自己的聰明才智為家鄉(xiāng)、為城市作出貢獻(xiàn),減少了社會不穩(wěn)定因素,阻止了社會矛盾、資源矛盾的進(jìn)一步加劇,新增人口的減少,也使國家有物力財(cái)力為農(nóng)民提供更好的社會保障和福利。在此過程中,也會有一部分農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)化為城鎮(zhèn)居民,加快我國的城鎮(zhèn)化步伐,利于我們更好的建設(shè)小康社會,步入發(fā)達(dá)國家行列??梢娛黔h(huán)環(huán)相扣,牽一發(fā)而動全身。

      我覺得你在論述“三農(nóng)問題中最重要的是人的因素”應(yīng)該加入一些哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn),拖出人即農(nóng)民本身的作用和地位,上升到理論高度。你對改變農(nóng)民素質(zhì)和建立保障的目的意義的論述的比較充實(shí)了,也構(gòu)想了由此帶來的可預(yù)見性美好轉(zhuǎn)變,但我覺得對于由這一點(diǎn)的改變對農(nóng)業(yè),農(nóng)村這兩個(gè)問題的關(guān)聯(lián)帶動作用論述的不強(qiáng),三農(nóng)問題是一個(gè)整體性問題,農(nóng)民可以是一個(gè)突破口,你要把三農(nóng)整體的發(fā)展論述總結(jié)一下。還有,對你提出的解決方案所遇到的阻力和現(xiàn)實(shí)限制因素也應(yīng)該闡述全面。

      第五篇:溫家寶總理在政府工作報(bào)告中分析當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢時(shí)指出

      溫家寶總理在政府工作報(bào)告中分析當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢時(shí)指出,我們正面臨前所未有的困難和挑戰(zhàn),國際金融危機(jī)還在蔓延、仍未見底。回答24—26題。

      24.受國際金融危機(jī)影響,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速持續(xù)下滑,已成為影響全局的主要矛盾。為盡快扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢,實(shí)施了積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。下面屬于積極的財(cái)政政策的是 ①保持全年國民生產(chǎn)總值增長8%左右的目標(biāo) ②全年新增貸款5萬億元以上,創(chuàng)歷年新增貸款新高 ③安排財(cái)政赤字9500億元,創(chuàng)出60年來的最高紀(jì)錄 ④減稅退稅或低免稅,減輕企業(yè)、居民稅負(fù)約5000億元 A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②③

      25.如何戰(zhàn)勝國際金融危機(jī),溫家寶引述《淮南子》的鼓勵(lì)國民;取火莫若取燧,汲水莫若鑿井。意思是說,求取火種不如自己去使用上古取火的器具,想得到水不如自己去鑿井。這里蘊(yùn)涵的哲學(xué)道理是

      A.抓住主要矛盾,次要矛盾就迎刃而解 B.事物的內(nèi)部矛盾是事物發(fā)展的源泉 C.矛盾是事物發(fā)展的根本原因 D.矛盾雙方在一定條件下相互轉(zhuǎn)化 26.溫總理在記者招待會上的開場白中說,“ 莫道今年春將盡,明年春色倍還人?!笨偫韺ξ覈?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展充滿信心的哲學(xué)依據(jù)是

      A.事物的變化都是根本性質(zhì)的變化 B.一切事物都處在運(yùn)動變化的過程中

      C.任何事物的發(fā)展都是經(jīng)歷艱難曲折 D.事物的發(fā)展是前進(jìn)性與曲折性的統(tǒng)一 金融危機(jī)襲來,就在普通百姓為自己飯碗發(fā)愁的時(shí)候,金融業(yè)高管們天價(jià)薪酬問題成了大家爭議的話題?;卮?7、28題。

      27.人們之所以對金融業(yè)高管們的高薪反應(yīng)激烈,原因在于收入差距過大。財(cái)政部出臺了金融企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人薪酬管理辦法,明確規(guī)定了最高年薪,被稱為中國版的“限薪令”。對企業(yè)高管設(shè)定年薪上限說明 ①公平的收入分配離不開政府的宏觀調(diào)控②社會存在收入差距不利于社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展③“限薪”符合社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的根本目標(biāo) ④“限薪”是解決社會收入差距過大的根本辦法 A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②③

      28.從分配角度分析,下列措施中具有縮小收入差距作用的是 ①提高企業(yè)最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)②個(gè)人工薪所得實(shí)行超額累進(jìn)稅率③努力提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益④完善最低生活保障制度 A.①②③④ B.①②④ C.①②③ D.②④

      人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制改革受到國內(nèi)外媒體和有關(guān)方面的廣泛關(guān)注和充分理解。2009年我國將保持人民幣匯率“在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定”。回答29、30題。

      29.溫家寶總理在講到有關(guān)人民幣匯率問題時(shí)指出,我們的目標(biāo)是在合理、均衡的水平上保持人民幣幣值的基本穩(wěn)定,這是由市場和我們自己決定的,任何國家不能對人民幣升值或貶值施加壓力。這說明①經(jīng)濟(jì)主權(quán)是國家主權(quán)的重要內(nèi)容②對外經(jīng)濟(jì)交往要堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主原則③人民幣匯率不受國際社會的影響④人民幣匯率穩(wěn)定有利于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 A.①② B.③④ C.②③ D.①④ 30.某企業(yè)在2008年4月10日以10美元/件的價(jià)格出售100萬件某商品,該商品的成本為人民幣14元/件(當(dāng)日匯率是1美元兌換人民幣6.99元)。半年后的10月份又以同樣價(jià)格和成本出售了100萬件商品(當(dāng)時(shí)的匯率是1美元兌換人民幣6.88元)。半年后該企業(yè)所獲得的利潤(以人民幣計(jì)算)是

      A.6990萬元 增加120萬元 B.6880萬元 減少120萬元

      C.5480萬元 減少110萬元 D.5590萬元 增加110萬元 31.觀察漫畫(圖2-6),聰明的烏鴉給我們的啟示是①思想與實(shí)際結(jié)合,活學(xué)活用 ②發(fā)揮主觀能動性,就能事半功倍 ③解決問題需要探索創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐 ④知識、能力、實(shí)踐不可或缺 A.①③④ B.①②③

      C.②③ D.①④

      中國網(wǎng)民有2.53億。一方面,網(wǎng)民積極在網(wǎng)上 發(fā)言;另一方面,越來越多的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部上網(wǎng)來交 流,這是中國政壇一種新氣象?;卮?2、33題。32.今年“兩會”召開期間,人民網(wǎng)開展了“您最關(guān) 注的兩會熱點(diǎn)問題”的網(wǎng)上調(diào)查,得到了廣大網(wǎng)友的 熱烈響應(yīng),網(wǎng)友留言達(dá)3萬余條。這一做法

      A.有利于人民群眾直接參與國家事務(wù)的管理

      B.有利于發(fā)揮媒體在社會輿論中的導(dǎo)向作用

      C.說明網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為公民參與政治生活的新通道

      D.說明言論自由是我國公民的基本政治權(quán)利

      33.越來越多的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部上網(wǎng)與百姓交流,網(wǎng)絡(luò)日益得到黨和政府的高度重視,這是因?yàn)棰倬W(wǎng)絡(luò)成為傾聽民意的重要平臺 ②網(wǎng)民正在成為重要的監(jiān)督力量

      ③網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)大了公民的民主政治權(quán)利 ④網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為政府公開信息的主要方式

      A.①②③ B.①②④ C.③④ D.①②

      “多植荷 花塘自清,勤反腐敗政自明”。本屆中央政府高度重視反腐敗工作?;卮?4、35題。34.“政者,正也。其身正,不令而行;其身不正,雖令而不從?!笨鬃拥倪@一觀點(diǎn)對我們今天治國的啟示是

      A.要堅(jiān)持依法治國的基本方略 B.要加強(qiáng)執(zhí)政者自身的道德建設(shè)

      C.要堅(jiān)持對人民負(fù)責(zé)的活動原則 D.要將政者置于群眾的監(jiān)督之下

      35.溫家寶總理在政府工作報(bào)告中強(qiáng)調(diào):反腐敗工作,要針對腐敗現(xiàn)象易發(fā)的領(lǐng)域從源頭上防治腐敗,防患于未然。這體現(xiàn)的哲學(xué)道理是

      ①看問題既要全面,又要分清主流和支流

      ②把握事物的因果聯(lián)系,提高實(shí)踐活動自覺性

      ③事物的性質(zhì)是由矛盾的主要方面所規(guī)定

      ④重視量變,量變到一定程度會引起質(zhì)變

      A.①②④ B.②③④ C.①③ D.②④

      38.(32分)材料一:當(dāng)前全球經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢因金融危機(jī)蔓延而明顯惡化,隨之而來的是貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義日漸抬頭。例如美國政府通過的新的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃,其中有關(guān)“只買美國貨”的條款引起了包括歐洲在內(nèi)的其他國家的警惕。即便是在歐洲,貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義也在蔓延,一些國家在救助本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的過程中試圖將利益圈在國內(nèi),甚至不惜以犧牲別國利益為代價(jià)。

      材料二:當(dāng)今世界經(jīng)濟(jì)已形成“你中有我,我中有你”的局面,在金融危機(jī)面前,封閉與保護(hù)沒有出路,開放與合作才是正途。中國貿(mào)易和投資促進(jìn)團(tuán)于2008年2月24日至28日對德國,瑞士,西班牙,英國進(jìn)行的訪問,正是用實(shí)際行動為抵制貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義做出表率。在幫助歐洲提振經(jīng)濟(jì)信心的同時(shí),中國企業(yè)也沒有花“冤枉錢”。歐洲企業(yè)在諸多領(lǐng)域擁有先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品,對中國產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型相當(dāng)有幫助,這也是此次采購的重點(diǎn)。

      材料三:為應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)對我國的影響,保持經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長,2009年初我國出臺了汽車、鋼鐵、有色金屬等十大產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃。十大產(chǎn)業(yè)振興規(guī)劃,在應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)沖擊、解決當(dāng)前存在的突出矛盾的同時(shí),以結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁、實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級為核心內(nèi)容,其關(guān)鍵詞,就是“調(diào)整”。通過調(diào)整,提升和優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,為三年后我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ),從而使中國經(jīng)濟(jì)真正既大又強(qiáng)。

      (1)結(jié)合材料一,材料二,運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)常識的有關(guān)知識,分析我國反對貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的原因。(13分)

      (2)運(yùn)用政治常識的知識,說明在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化背景下應(yīng)怎樣維護(hù)我國的國家利益?(9分)(3)結(jié)合材料三,運(yùn)用所學(xué)辯證法的知識,說明產(chǎn)業(yè)振興規(guī)劃為什么強(qiáng)調(diào)“結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整”?(10分)

      39.材料四 對于中歐關(guān)系,溫家寶總理有一段“船橋論”的精辟論述。他說,中歐沒有根本的利害沖突,我們共同利益廣泛,又有合作需要,在這一點(diǎn)上,“我們是同在一條船上”。同時(shí),中歐又“和而不同”。中歐歷史、社會、文化傳統(tǒng)、社會制度不同,存在分歧是正常的,并不可怕,也不會妨礙我們的關(guān)系,從這個(gè)意義上說,“我們又同在一座橋上——一座溝通友誼、加強(qiáng)磋商、解決分歧的橋上”。

      (4)運(yùn)用矛盾分析法,說明中歐既是同在一條船上也是同在一座橋上的正確性?(10分)40.(28分)隨著電視劇《走西口》的熱播,歷史上的晉商和晉商文化再次成為人們談?wù)摰慕裹c(diǎn)。閱讀材料,回答問題。

      (1)平遙古城作為旅游景觀,其體現(xiàn)旅游資源價(jià)值的是什么?(8分)

      舊時(shí)曾有人說:“凡是有麻雀的地方,就有山西商人。”他們的經(jīng)營范圍十分廣泛,上至綢緞,下至蔥蒜。……晉商受儒家文化影響很深,講求“誠召天下客,義納八方財(cái)”;“寧叫賠折腰,不叫客吃虧”。在經(jīng)營活動中他們用宗法社會的鄉(xiāng)里之誼彼此團(tuán)結(jié)在一起,形成大大小小的商幫群體?!迦思o(jì)曉嵐說:“山西人多商于外,十余歲輒從人學(xué)貿(mào)易,俟蓄積有資,始?xì)w納婦。”清人納蘭常安說:“塞上商賈,多宣化、大同、朔平三府人,甘勞瘁,耐風(fēng)寒?!?/p>

      ——摘自張正明著《晉商史話》

      (2)依據(jù)材料歸納晉商商業(yè)活動的特點(diǎn)。(10分)

      “利以義制,名以清修”是晉商所信奉的做人和行商的準(zhǔn)則。意思是說:用道義來制衡利益,用清廉來培育名聲。即便以現(xiàn)代的觀點(diǎn)來看,這句話也不失為今人為人處世的原則。

      (3)請結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)常識的知識,簡要說明“利以義制,名以清修”對企業(yè)成功的重要意義。(10分)

      24.B 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.C 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.D 38.(32分)(1)①貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義違背了經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的必然趨勢,阻礙世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,反對貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義是生產(chǎn)社會化特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的客觀要求。在生產(chǎn)社會化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化條件下,各國之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系日益廣泛,客觀上要求國與國之間貿(mào)易自由、相互開放。(3分)②貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義不符合經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)律,違背了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的開放性,平等性和競爭性,反對貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義是市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的內(nèi)在要求。各國只有在平等、競爭、開放的基礎(chǔ)上,參與國際分工與全作,互通有無、調(diào)劑余缺,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的優(yōu)化配置(3分)

      ③貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義違背了非歧視性原則,阻礙了國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。(2分)

      反對貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義是當(dāng)前應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)的要求。危機(jī)當(dāng)頭,各國以鄰為壑,無益解決任何問題,應(yīng)增強(qiáng)合作,保持貿(mào)易和投資開放,抵制保護(hù)主義。(2分)

      ④我國在對外貿(mào)易中堅(jiān)持平等互利、合作共贏的原則。貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義違背了這一基本原則,增加了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的外部風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不利于我國對外貿(mào)易和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。(3(2)①當(dāng)代國際競爭的是實(shí)質(zhì)是以經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技為基礎(chǔ)的綜合國力的較量,提高綜合國力是維護(hù)國家利益的根本。(3分)②堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策,積極參與國際競爭與合作,趨利避害,充分利用經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來的有利條件和機(jī)遇來發(fā)展自己(3分)③堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的基本立場,在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上建立國際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序,加強(qiáng)國際合作,維護(hù)國家利益(3分)

      (3)(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,符合整體部分相互關(guān)系原理。(1分)通過結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,各部分優(yōu)化組合,整體會產(chǎn)生新的巨大效益,發(fā)揮出比部分工能總和更大的功能。(2分)因此,既要搞好局部,又要有全局思想。(1分)各個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)要努力調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu),把各自做大做強(qiáng),真正使我國的十大產(chǎn)業(yè)為解決當(dāng)前存在的突出矛盾發(fā)揮巨大作用。(1分)②強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,符合量變質(zhì)變的關(guān)系原理。(1分)通過調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu),使構(gòu)成事物的成分在結(jié)構(gòu)和排列次序上發(fā)生變化,引起質(zhì)變。(2分)因此要重視量變。(1分)通過各個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)淘汰落后生產(chǎn)、兼并重組等自身的調(diào)整,實(shí)現(xiàn)我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級和優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,為使國民經(jīng)濟(jì)真正既大又強(qiáng)發(fā)揮作用。(1分)

      (若從聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)等其它角度分析,言之有理,可酌情給分)

      39、(4)答案:中歐之間既有廣泛的利益,又存在某些分歧,這是堅(jiān)持用全面的觀點(diǎn)看待中歐關(guān)系(3分)

      中歐之間的歷史社會文化傳統(tǒng)存在差異,因而中歐之間在某些問題上有分歧,這是在中歐關(guān)系上堅(jiān)持具體問題具體分析的表現(xiàn)(3分)

      中歐沒有根本的利害沖突,共同利益與合作是主流,分歧是支流,這是用兩點(diǎn)論和重點(diǎn)論相統(tǒng)一的觀點(diǎn)看待中歐關(guān)系。(4分)

      40、(3)①良好的信譽(yù)和企業(yè)形象,對企業(yè)的生存競爭,有著至關(guān)重要的作用。(2分)“名以清修”可以使企業(yè)樹立良好的形象,使其在競爭中取得有利的地位。(1分)

      ②誠實(shí)信用是現(xiàn)代市場交易活動的基本精神。(2分)“利以義制”可以幫助企業(yè)獲得市場,實(shí)現(xiàn)商品的價(jià)值。(1分)③誠實(shí)信用是社會主義精神文明建設(shè)的題中之義。(2分)企業(yè)都堅(jiān)持“利以義制,名以清修”,可以共同營造良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,有利于市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常運(yùn)行。(1分)④商家在經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益上求雙贏,有利于樹立良好的信譽(yù)和形象才能取得真正的成功。(1分)

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