第一篇:《昆蟲(chóng)記》800字書(shū)評(píng)
《昆蟲(chóng)記》
——書(shū)評(píng)
昆蟲(chóng)是大自然中一個(gè)非常龐大的家族,它們對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)太常見(jiàn)了,因此我們常會(huì)忽略它們。
讀完這本《昆蟲(chóng)記》才讓我真正了解到了許多小昆蟲(chóng)。這本書(shū)細(xì)致而深刻的描繪了許多昆蟲(chóng)的生活,是作者法布爾用對(duì)生命的關(guān)愛(ài)之心和對(duì)大自然的贊美之情而寫(xiě)下的。這其中對(duì)每一種昆蟲(chóng)描繪都是栩栩如生、躍然紙上。詳細(xì)而全面的簡(jiǎn)紹了昆蟲(chóng)的外表特征、生活習(xí)性及獨(dú)特本領(lǐng),作者的描寫(xiě)非常細(xì)致,甚至連很不容易見(jiàn)到的小昆蟲(chóng)的巢穴、它們的卵如何孵化成幼蟲(chóng)、幼蟲(chóng)又是怎樣從卵囊中爬出來(lái)等等,作者都很詳盡的表述出來(lái)了。
我比較書(shū)中描寫(xiě)的:蟬、螢、蟋蟀、松毛蟲(chóng)。
蟬是勤勞的生產(chǎn)者,他從來(lái)都是獨(dú)立生活,絕不是乞食者;蟬是高超的建筑師,它自身就是一臺(tái)挖掘機(jī),非常善于建造地下巢穴;它愛(ài)唱歌,但它是一個(gè)聾子,它對(duì)自己所發(fā)出的聲音絲毫沒(méi)有感覺(jué);蟬的生命非常艱辛,它要在地下做四年的苦工,才能在夏季的陽(yáng)光中歌唱一個(gè)月。
螢不是蠕蟲(chóng),它長(zhǎng)著六只短短的腿,簡(jiǎn)直就像一個(gè)真正的閑游家。它具有兩個(gè)突出的特點(diǎn):一是他獲取食物的方法;二是在它的尾巴上有一盞燈。它身上那盞燈,在黑夜中會(huì)亮起,照耀著自己前進(jìn)的道路。
蟋蟀是高超的建筑師,它會(huì)選擇有陽(yáng)光的地方建造一個(gè)溫馨
舒適的家,屋子簡(jiǎn)譜但并不粗糙;蟋蟀只有簡(jiǎn)單的演奏器具,但它能唱出優(yōu)美的曲調(diào),它是一個(gè)高超的演唱家。
松毛蟲(chóng),它的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程不簡(jiǎn)單,從卵孵化出來(lái)就開(kāi)始啃食,接著就為自己搭帳篷;它具有很強(qiáng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,它們形成毛蟲(chóng)隊(duì),每一對(duì)都有一個(gè)領(lǐng)袖;他是小小氣象預(yù)報(bào)員,能夠預(yù)報(bào)雨天之后的風(fēng)暴,而且具有推測(cè)氣象的天賦。
這本書(shū)讓我明白:每個(gè)昆蟲(chóng)都是一個(gè)直得我們留意的生命,還有就是對(duì)事物的熱愛(ài),以及孜孜不倦的勤奮追求是取得成就的條件。
作者法布爾他在書(shū)中以少量的文字寫(xiě)到了自己對(duì)于昆蟲(chóng)的熱愛(ài)以及在研究昆蟲(chóng)這條道路上,持續(xù)不斷的努力與奮斗。他出身寒微,曾一度因?yàn)榧彝ヘ毨Фz學(xué),家里人也不支持他的昆蟲(chóng)研究,而他卻硬是憑借自己的努力和勤奮,當(dāng)上了中學(xué)老師,擺脫了自己貧窮的處境,同時(shí)又利用業(yè)余時(shí)間寫(xiě)出了《昆蟲(chóng)記》?!独ハx(chóng)記》雖然寫(xiě)的是昆蟲(chóng),但作者卻從中表達(dá)了人生的哲理:人對(duì)于自己的目標(biāo)要勤奮的追求,哪怕那個(gè)目標(biāo)在別人看來(lái)是那么微不足道,只要堅(jiān)持,就能成功。
第二篇:昆蟲(chóng)記書(shū)評(píng)
昆蟲(chóng)記書(shū)評(píng)
當(dāng)我打開(kāi)這本薄薄的昆蟲(chóng)記時(shí),我就進(jìn)入了一個(gè)昆蟲(chóng)的伊甸園。我聽(tīng)到了蟋蟀在草叢里幽幽地瞅瞅,會(huì)看到圣甲蟲(chóng)在沙地上不知疲倦地滾動(dòng)糞球,甚至?xí)?tīng)見(jiàn)子情侶的甜言蜜語(yǔ)。連大文豪雨果讀完《昆蟲(chóng)記》后,也情不自禁地嘆道:“老虎般狂怒和獅子似的孔叫,在這小小天地間回響索繞。
一塊貧的石園,經(jīng)法布爾妙手回春,萬(wàn)木競(jìng)生、百花爭(zhēng)艷。法布爾懷著對(duì)生命的敬畏之情,用他的一生寫(xiě)出樂(lè)一篇篇禮贊生命的散文。我欣賞法布爾的細(xì)心,專注正如在書(shū)中所提到的一句一詞?!跋s好像是個(gè)音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者,似乎是出于內(nèi)心的喜愛(ài)而唱歌的。它有一個(gè)天生的樂(lè)器,生在翼后的空腔中,像個(gè)拔一樣。它還不滿意,還要在胸部裝上一種板器,用來(lái)增大聲音的強(qiáng)度。這個(gè)響板真的是太大,以至把它的生命器官都擠得無(wú)處安置,不得不把它們壓緊到身體最小的角落里。為了安置樂(lè)器而犧牲生命器官,這實(shí)在是個(gè)狂熱的音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。
在上一段中,法布爾只是提到蟬的外貌,但是在這一字一句中,卻有許多有趣的地方。他生動(dòng)地把似作成人的性格講述“他”如何熱愛(ài)音樂(lè),甚至連生命也擺在“墻角”。法布爾寫(xiě)作并不會(huì)故意夸大,他只是實(shí)事求是的把他所看到、聽(tīng)到、聞到的記錄下來(lái)。并會(huì)運(yùn)用許多手法,使平泛的內(nèi)容更加生動(dòng)有趣,打開(kāi)這本書(shū),回憶起那一幕幕仿佛是自己的親身經(jīng)歷,我應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的,不僅僅是法爾布的寫(xiě)作手法,還有的便是他的用心使得這部《昆蟲(chóng)記》百讀不厭。
讀幼兒園時(shí),是看那彩繪的圖案,小學(xué)時(shí),是讀簡(jiǎn)本,只知道法布爾這個(gè)人,他很棒,上初中后,我可以欣賞到法布爾的心,似乎這一切是親身的,我相信,在以后會(huì)有更多不同的見(jiàn)解。它是一本永遠(yuǎn)解讀不盡的書(shū)。
在這里,昆蟲(chóng)記如何建窩、捕獵采蜜、交友戀、生兒育女、生死博殺的場(chǎng)面,在他的手里,無(wú)不妙趣橫生。
我佩他的細(xì)心,敬佩他的細(xì)膩文章和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)墓ぷ鲬B(tài)度。我會(huì)再一次跟隨書(shū)籍去到那一個(gè)神奇的石園,再一次去發(fā)現(xiàn)生命中的無(wú)限美麗。
第三篇:書(shū)評(píng)
外國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué) 2012132077號(hào) 姜作超
Introduction to Contemporary Syntax(當(dāng)代句法學(xué)導(dǎo)論)is written by Professor Wen Binli of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.It is a book for English learners who are beginners of syntax.This book introduces the dominant theory of contemporary syntax study------Chomsky’s Government and Binding Theory, or the Principle and Parameter System before the publication of his “the Minimalist Program” in 1995.By using plain language, Professor Wen Binli elaborated various theoretical components: Theta Theory, X-bar Theory, Binding Theory, Control Theory, Government Theory and Bounding Theory.This book consists of twelve chapters, each chapter permeates with each other, and the content is systematic and cohesive.The first chapter is a brief introduction to the whole book, in which the author discusses some theoretical problems about the study of language.In this chapter the author discusses the relationship between language study and language theory, introduces two method and three methodological principles of language study, and explains the main content of this book and several problems about the edition of this book.The second chapter is about category classification and some basic syntactic concepts.This chapter describes three issues: word category, phrase category, and sentence structure and several structural relationships.The third chapter introduces Theta Theory, including subcategorization, argument structure, thematic structure, assigning θ-role, and the like.According to Theta Theory, a sentence is a structure with verb as the center.It is the features of words that determine the basic structures of sentences.The forth chapter discusses X-bar theory.This chapter reveals that the internal structures of a variety of phrases and clauses are consistent with X-bar Theory, that is all of them have common structural features.The fifth chapter is about Case Theory, including specifier-head agreement, Constituent-command theory, abstract case, morphological case, case assignment and Case Filter.The sixth chapter introduces Binding Theory.In this chapter the author distinguishes pronouns, anaphors and referring expressions and introduces three binding theories of pronouns, anaphors and referring expressions.The seventh chapter is a discussion of two different categories: PRO and pro.This chapter discusses the features, distribution and permissive conditions of PRO and pro as well as Control Theory.The eighth chapter is about NP-Movement.NP-Movement mainly involves three structures: passive construction, raising construction and unaccusative construction.This chapter explains the features of NP-Movement and how NP-Movement occurs.The ninth chapter discusses Wh-Movement.Wh-Movement occurs mostly in wh-sentences and relative clauses.This chapter also discusses the features, reasons and end points of Wh-Movement.Bounding Theory, which confines Wh-Movement, is also introduced.The tenth chapter introduces the features and permissive conditions of traces left after NP-Movement and Wh-Movement.This chapter explains Empty Category Principle, the phenomenon of parasitic gap, and strong crossover and weak crossover.The eleventh chapter is about logical form, which is a kind of semantic expression formed through α-movement on the basis of S-structure.α-movement is abstract movement, including quantifier raiding and wh-raising.This chapter also discusses the phenomenon of “subject-object asymmetry”, “γ-making” and “subject-adjunct asymmetry”.The last chapter introduces Head Movement.This chapter discusses Head Movement Constraint and introduces Pollock’s Split INFL Hypothesis.For beginners of English syntax, this book is a rather good material.The gradation of content is reasonable.The arrangement of the content is from suppleness to difficulty.It is easy for students to understand and learn.Students can learn step by step and at last master the knowledge of syntax.J.D.Brown suggests that materials should be considered from five perspectives: background, fit to curriculum, physical characteristics, logistical characteristics, and teachability.Cunningsworuth also suggests four guidelines for study materials: First, course book should correspond to learners’ needs.Second, course book should reflect the uses which learners will make of the language.Third, course book should take account of students’ needs as learners and should facilitate their learning processes, without dogmatically imposing a rigid “method”.Last, course book should have a clear role as a support for learning.According to the above criteria, this book is pretty good.The reasons are as follows: In this book, the statement of the Principle and Parameter theory and its subtheories is systematic and comprehensive.The structure of this book is clear and appropriated.In general, each chapter of this book presents a different theory, and each theory and principle lays a sound foundation for theories of latter chapters.When stating the content of each chapter, the author does not confined to the statement in a single linear level, but use comprehensive method of statement.By adopting this method, the author not only constructs the systematicness and integrity of syntactic theory but also leads the students to master theoretical knowledge of syntax more profound.The logic of this book is clear and the language used is simple and plain.All the principles and theories in this book are summed up on the basis of the analysis of language materials.In the process of analyzing language materials, the author uses localized language, take examples, uses contrast and comparison method to make the statement easy to understand and master for Chinese students.In short, through the usage of various kinds of statement, localized language, and clear logic, the author makes abstract and obscure syntactic theories and principles easy to understand for Chinese learners.In addition, the well-designed exercises after each chapter can trigger the interest of further reading for students and lead learners to contemplate deeper so as to improve the ability of thinking, analyzing and solving problems.
第四篇:書(shū)評(píng)
這個(gè)歷經(jīng)百年的家族,從第一代何塞?阿爾卡蒂奧?布恩迪亞開(kāi)始,直到第八代為止,都生活在仿佛是宿命一般的孤獨(dú)之中,而他們每個(gè)人的一生都在與孤獨(dú)做著至死不休的決斗,卻在終點(diǎn)都與它相依為命。何?阿?布恩迪亞終生都在尋找通向新自由世界的大路,研究煉金術(shù)、銀版攝影,而暮年時(shí)卻只能被綁在栗樹(shù)下喃喃自語(yǔ);奧雷里亞諾上校不斷地發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),年老時(shí)的他卻將自己鎖在房間里制作小金魚(yú);阿瑪蘭妲費(fèi)盡心思得到自己的愛(ài),同時(shí)也贏得了許多人的鐘情,然而最終也只能一遍一遍地縫補(bǔ)自己的壽衣,并在壽衣縫好之日魂歸西天;麗貝卡的內(nèi)心蘊(yùn)藏著整個(gè)家族中最深沉的勇氣,然而仍舊在長(zhǎng)滿苔蘚的房間中孤獨(dú)終老,逐漸被人遺忘;曾經(jīng)極度好客的梅梅,愛(ài)情亦是轟轟烈烈,在花季依舊時(shí)卻永遠(yuǎn)封住了自己的嘴,至死也未說(shuō)一句話……直到最后一代子嗣被螞蟻吞噬,整個(gè)馬孔多消失在颶風(fēng)之中,他們都未曾逃脫從出生開(kāi)始就伴隨他們的命運(yùn)。
博爾赫斯曾評(píng)價(jià)《百年孤獨(dú)》是一部最能體現(xiàn)西班牙浪漫主義色彩的書(shū),通篇幾乎沒(méi)有愛(ài)情,卻甚為浪漫。細(xì)細(xì)想來(lái),正是孤獨(dú)造就了這種浪漫。孤獨(dú)并不是可恥、需要摒棄和踐踏的。書(shū)中的每一個(gè)人經(jīng)過(guò)的掙扎,都最終在孤獨(dú)里找到了依靠,對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō),這甚至比愛(ài)情更為可親。不管是文明尚未開(kāi)始的蠻荒時(shí)代,還是滾滾車輪帶來(lái)的充滿喜悅哀愁的興盛,孤獨(dú)讓布恩迪亞家族的命運(yùn)形成了一圈又一圈的輪回。孤獨(dú)讓他們安靜、讓它們了解自己的內(nèi)心,同時(shí)也了解他人的內(nèi)心、了解自己究竟為何來(lái)到這個(gè)世界上,在世界的終點(diǎn)與等待自己的宿命終結(jié)之前應(yīng)該完成什么,然后,孤獨(dú)讓他們坦然接受自己的命運(yùn)、讓他們活在自己最絢爛的一刻,永遠(yuǎn)不死。如同阿瑪蘭妲在最終得知自己的死期后反而面容安詳一樣:他們的靈魂在此刻得到了永久的安寧。
第五篇:書(shū)評(píng)
淺評(píng)石云濤所著《安史之亂》
石云濤,河南太康人,文學(xué)碩士,歷史學(xué)博士,北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)教授。主要從事唐史、唐詩(shī)、絲綢之路與文化交流的研究。此書(shū)是中華書(shū)局出版的大史記書(shū)系(《安史之亂》、《靖康之變》、《永樂(lè)遷都》、《太后垂簾》、《洪憲帝制》)之一,2007年5月一版,2008年2月再版。
本書(shū)相較其它史書(shū),在于嚴(yán)肅之余,尚有文采,善描繪,營(yíng)造歷史畫(huà)面感,使得人物往往呼之欲出。如書(shū)中針對(duì)玄宗與貴妃的產(chǎn)纏綿悱惻,不僅引用了白居易著名的《長(zhǎng)恨歌》,“在天愿為比翼鳥(niǎo),在地愿為連埋枝。天長(zhǎng)地久有盡時(shí),此恨綿綿無(wú)絕期”。同時(shí),自己根據(jù)一定史料,予以創(chuàng)作,生動(dòng)還原歷史。摘引如下,“玄宗晚年的情感生活,就沉浸在與貴妃的恩恩怨怨溫柔富貴鄉(xiāng)里。楊貴妃因驕縱使性,亦曾觸怒玄宗,一次以妒悍忤旨,玄宗令高力士把她送還楊宅。但玄宗很快便思之不已,時(shí)過(guò)中午,還無(wú)心吃飯,動(dòng)不動(dòng)就發(fā)火。高力士察知玄宗本意,請(qǐng)召貴妃還宮。玄宗重見(jiàn)楊妃,恩寵又過(guò)平時(shí)。楊貴妃成為玄宗的情感所系和精神依賴。又一次是······楊貴妃悔恨號(hào)泣,抽刀剪發(fā)交給高力士,請(qǐng)高力士轉(zhuǎn)交玄宗,“珠玉珍異,皆上所賜,不足充獻(xiàn),惟發(fā)父母所生,可達(dá)妾意,望持此伸妾萬(wàn)一慕戀之誠(chéng)?!毙诘冒l(fā),揮涕憫然,急命高力士將貴妃迎回”。文字的修飾和事例的選取皆有的放矢,使貴妃和玄宗間細(xì)膩的愛(ài)情躍然紙上,玄宗縱是一天子,也是一癡人。且當(dāng)代詩(shī)人詩(shī)文的點(diǎn)綴其中,不僅使史料得到了充盈,也使文章文采斐然。如“詩(shī)人李白,此時(shí)正在廬山隱居,聽(tīng)說(shuō)洛陽(yáng)失陷的消息,非常痛心,留下了千古流傳的《古風(fēng)》第十九首,其中有云:“俯視洛陽(yáng)川,茫茫走胡兵。流血涂野草,豺狼盡冠纓””。這樣的詩(shī)文可謂比比皆是,大多哭訴“國(guó)破山河在”的悲憤,用詩(shī)文巨大的感染力,呼喚讀者內(nèi)心的共鳴。
本書(shū)分為三個(gè)部分,山雨欲來(lái),龍虎爭(zhēng)斗,余波未平?;景凑諘r(shí)間的書(shū)序記述了安史之亂的過(guò)程。從天寶十四載十一月安祿山發(fā)動(dòng)叛亂起,至代宗寶應(yīng)二年正月史朝義授首為止,戰(zhàn)亂延續(xù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)七年零三個(gè)月,致使輝煌的大唐帝國(guó)終究一去不復(fù)返了。
作為安史之亂的始作俑者—安祿山,其人書(shū)中介紹如下,首先,一個(gè)出身胡族混合血統(tǒng)的人,從小沒(méi)有受過(guò)正統(tǒng)的教育和儒學(xué)經(jīng)典的熏陶,本身缺乏忠君愛(ài)國(guó)的觀念是肯定的。其次,粟特人善于經(jīng)商,又長(zhǎng)于戰(zhàn)斗。第三,互市牙郎一個(gè)最基本的素質(zhì)是善揣人意,巧言善誘,一語(yǔ)中的,說(shuō)進(jìn)人的心窩,這樣才可能成功撮合生意,使買賣雙方皆大歡喜。據(jù)此可以想象此人具有如下的性格特點(diǎn):善鉆營(yíng),有心機(jī),會(huì)投機(jī),為了利己敢于損人,又長(zhǎng)于拍馬屁。作為安史之亂的受害者及縱容者—唐玄宗,卻在安史之亂爆發(fā)前對(duì)其信任到了無(wú)以復(fù)加的地步,對(duì)于上書(shū)言安祿山意欲謀反的朝中大臣,皆交于安祿山本人處置。這使得安祿山招兵買馬更加肆無(wú)忌憚,大唐帝國(guó)已處于風(fēng)雨欲來(lái)之時(shí)。由于最初的猝不及防,大唐官軍連連失守,不得不出走長(zhǎng)安,兵至馬嵬坡,官兵皆饑渴難忍,終于爆發(fā)了史上有名的“馬嵬坡之變”,楊國(guó)忠身首異處,楊貴妃香消玉損。太子與玄宗自此分道揚(yáng)鑣,玄宗開(kāi)始退居幕后,做起了太上皇。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是殘酷的,關(guān)于睢陽(yáng)之役,文中有一段記敘,“他們克服一切困難,死守睢陽(yáng)。茶紙吃光了,就吃戰(zhàn)馬,馬吃光了,就捉野雀,掘老鼠,雀和老鼠也吃光了,張巡殺死自己的愛(ài)妾,許遠(yuǎn)也殺死自己的家奴,然后搜括城中的婦女,殺了供戰(zhàn)士們吃。婦女吃光了,接著殺城中的男子老弱不能打仗者。每個(gè)人都知道必死無(wú)疑,卻沒(méi)有一個(gè)人背叛。最后城中只剩四百人?!睉?zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷,令人不寒而栗。起初,叛賊的進(jìn)攻是所向披靡的,很快攻下兩都,天寶十五載正月一日,安祿山稱帝國(guó)號(hào)大燕,自稱雄武皇帝,建元曰圣武元年。此應(yīng)是叛軍最猖狂的時(shí)刻,然普羅大眾還是一心向唐的,人心未死,乃可反戈一擊。且大唐有眾多將領(lǐng)可謂對(duì)大唐王朝忠心不二,愿馬革裹尸而還。如著名書(shū)法家顏真卿,其兄顏杲卿,大將哥舒翰,郭子儀,李光弼等人皆親赴沙場(chǎng),臨危受命。然,可惜的是大唐卻總有奸人誤國(guó),使得多次戰(zhàn)機(jī)遺失,從最初的李林甫、楊國(guó)忠到宦官李輔國(guó),這樣只計(jì)個(gè)人得失的小人,伴隨了唐王朝由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰至覆滅。唐王朝的離心離德使得戰(zhàn)事持久,叛軍那邊的改旗易幟,使得余孽不斷。安祿山死于其子之手,史思明又滅了安慶緒,卻又最終被自己的兒子史朝義所取代。
最終,安史之亂結(jié)束了,可結(jié)束時(shí)的大唐已是滿目瘡痍。最受苦的是百姓,妻離子散,家破人亡。而作為封建統(tǒng)治者上層,雖總打著仁愛(ài)的招牌,實(shí)際上卻干著“磨牙狁血”的勾當(dāng)。為盡快平定叛亂,求助于回紇精騎,許諾打下長(zhǎng)安、洛陽(yáng),兩都的子女金帛歸回紇所有,任其搶掠。這顯然是不顧百姓權(quán)益,任其蹂躪??梢?jiàn)封建王朝,終是一家之幸,而絕非天下之幸。本書(shū)無(wú)論文筆,還是選材都可圈可點(diǎn),尚是一部可讀之書(shū),尤其是對(duì)于歷史愛(ài)好者。然遺憾的是,本書(shū)最終雖總結(jié)了安史之亂影響,卻沒(méi)有與中國(guó)歷史上其他的類似事件如靖難之役進(jìn)行比對(duì),進(jìn)一步挖掘安史之亂深層次的歷史原因及特色。同時(shí),人都說(shuō),“前事不忘后事之師”,這樣突出的歷史事件,留給今人的反思在書(shū)中也沒(méi)有提及,通讀全文,我最大的感想便是,人治終是靠不住的,法制和民主才是一個(gè)國(guó)家的希望和前途。
參考文獻(xiàn):
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