第一篇:制裁朝核問題模擬聯(lián)合國美國立場文件
立場文件
代表:何悅 王波
班級(jí):運(yùn)輸1209
國家:美利堅(jiān)合眾國
委員會(huì):聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)
議題:建立關(guān)于制裁朝鮮核試驗(yàn)和核武器的有效措施
2013年2月12日,朝鮮不顧各方反對(duì),進(jìn)行了第三次核試驗(yàn)。自二十世紀(jì)九十年代以來,朝鮮核問題引發(fā)的一系列動(dòng)蕩就從未平息,對(duì)亞太地區(qū)乃至全球的和平與穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)生了重大干擾。朝鮮方面固執(zhí)己見,不顧世界對(duì)朝鮮半島無核化的熱切希望,堅(jiān)持發(fā)展核技術(shù)及其武器化進(jìn)程,令國際社會(huì)大為失望。美國認(rèn)為,迅速建立切實(shí)有效的制裁方案,令朝鮮失去推動(dòng)其核技術(shù)發(fā)展的能力,限制朝鮮同其他妄想發(fā)展核武器的危險(xiǎn)國家進(jìn)行技術(shù)交流,是當(dāng)今對(duì)朝核問題工作中的重中之重。
美國作為韓國與日本的盟國,朝核問題對(duì)美國盟國的安全有著直接關(guān)系。自朝鮮核問題伊始,美國就對(duì)解決問題付出了巨大的努力。1991年9月27日,美國撤出了部署在韓國的核武器,同年底,促使韓朝兩國簽訂了《朝鮮半島無核化宣言》。但是朝鮮在1993年宣布退出《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》,美國多次試圖調(diào)解,但是朝鮮在其后多次無視《朝核問題框架協(xié)定》,、《朝美核框架協(xié)議》,堅(jiān)持開發(fā)核武器,并于2003年再次退出《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》。美國對(duì)解決朝鮮核問題的努力最后都失敗了,這表明,對(duì)于出爾反爾的朝鮮政府,談判和斡旋是無效的。美國希望與各國一道制定切實(shí)有效的制裁方案,以保持朝鮮半島無核。
美國認(rèn)為,要制裁朝鮮核試驗(yàn)和核武器的發(fā)展,必將從事非法活動(dòng)的朝鮮外交人員,朝鮮銀行業(yè)實(shí)體以及非法的現(xiàn)金轉(zhuǎn)賬列入制裁范圍,并增加旅行限制,加強(qiáng)與航空管制相關(guān)的制裁條款,防止朝鮮利用空運(yùn)交流核武技術(shù).將鈾濃縮項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)物資作為禁運(yùn)對(duì)象,除此之外要將寶石等豪車等有利可圖的奢侈品列為違禁品,防止朝鮮政府交易奢侈品獲利。這樣朝鮮將無法得到發(fā)展核試驗(yàn)和核武器必要的技術(shù)和資金。當(dāng)然,只要朝鮮政府懸崖勒馬,停止一切核技術(shù)研究,加快核設(shè)施去功能化進(jìn)程,并接受國際原子能組織的全面檢查,美國愿意給予朝鮮必要的經(jīng)濟(jì)與物資援助,幫助朝鮮度過經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和饑荒。美國相信各國也都會(huì)給予適當(dāng)?shù)脑hb于此,美國完全支持并將嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)第2050(2012)號(hào)決議第、2087(2013)號(hào)決議、第2094(2013)號(hào)決議。
美國認(rèn)為:
1.各國應(yīng)譴責(zé)朝鮮進(jìn)行的所有核活動(dòng),督促朝鮮以完全、可核查和不可逆的方式放棄所有核武器和現(xiàn)有核計(jì)劃并立即停止所有相關(guān)活動(dòng);
2.各國應(yīng)通力合作,限制朝鮮在各自領(lǐng)土及管轄范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行可能有助于核活動(dòng)的金融業(yè)務(wù);
3.各國應(yīng)防止并阻止經(jīng)過各自領(lǐng)土及管轄范圍內(nèi)通過空運(yùn)、海運(yùn)及陸運(yùn),直接或間接向朝鮮提供鈾濃縮項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)物資、核活動(dòng)有關(guān)技術(shù)資料、可供獲得大量外匯的奢侈品等的行為;
4.各國應(yīng)凍結(jié)朝鮮重要軍工企業(yè)、科技部門、礦業(yè)企業(yè)、外貿(mào)公司在各自領(lǐng)土及管轄范圍內(nèi)的資產(chǎn),遏制朝鮮核活動(dòng)的勢頭;
5.只要朝鮮愿意收回其退出《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》的宣告,并接受國際原子能組織的全面檢查,美國愿意提供必要的經(jīng)濟(jì)、物資援助,并派遣專家團(tuán)隊(duì)援助朝鮮的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè);
6.美國極力保持亞太地區(qū)的和平穩(wěn)定,保留一切有效的手段保證半島無核。
第二篇:模擬聯(lián)合國立場文件朝核問題 澳大利亞立場
代表:..學(xué)校:..委員會(huì): 聯(lián)合國大會(huì)裁軍及國際安全委員會(huì)
國家: 澳大利亞
議題: 朝鮮半島的核問題
朝核危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來,朝核問題一直是國際社會(huì)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)話題之一。
亞太地區(qū)一直是我國外交、貿(mào)易政策的重心,而朝鮮擁有核武器對(duì)整個(gè)東北亞的安全穩(wěn)定局面造成威脅。朝核問題與我國自身國家利益密切相關(guān),我國雖未直接參與六方會(huì)談,卻一直密切關(guān)注朝核問題并積極斡旋、參與其中。
我國在朝核問題上的立場是一貫的,堅(jiān)決反對(duì)朝鮮半島擁有核武器,主張通過和平方式盡快解決朝鮮問題。早在2003年我國代表團(tuán)前往平壤斡旋時(shí)就表明過立場,又于2004年我國總理再次重申。
從1993年第一次朝核危機(jī)至今,國際上雖就朝核問題已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了無數(shù)次雙邊、多邊談判,但朝核問題不但沒消失、反而愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重,美對(duì)朝的敵對(duì)政策在一定程度上起著主導(dǎo)作用。冷戰(zhàn)后美國在加強(qiáng)對(duì)朝外交孤立的同時(shí)與日、韓兩國達(dá)成同盟、并在東北亞保持駐軍,這使得朝鮮感到其國家安全受到嚴(yán)重威脅,也因此成為促使朝核問題愈演愈烈的因素之一。
此外,朝鮮政府期望利用朝核問題牟取外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的企圖也在朝核問題上扮演著不容忽視的角色?;仡櫄v史,從1994年《朝美核框架協(xié)議》的簽署,到2005年第四輪六方會(huì)談中通過《共同聲明》,朝鮮正不斷地打出核牌以期獲得、并獲得了一定的安全保證、經(jīng)濟(jì)援助甚至外交利益等;朝鮮愈發(fā)認(rèn)識(shí)到朝核問題有利可圖,并愈發(fā)地想以朝核問題為籌碼來獲取更大的利益, 也更加堅(jiān)定了實(shí)現(xiàn)核國家地位的想法。
需要說明的是,國際法雖賦予了每個(gè)國家和平使用核能的權(quán)利,但朝鮮在發(fā)展利用核能的問題上不但一再違背對(duì)國際社會(huì)的承諾,甚至還一再宣布擁有核武器,這與和平利用核能的要求是完全背道而馳的。
基于對(duì)朝核問題的上述認(rèn)識(shí),我國提出如下幾點(diǎn)看法及建議:1.主張通過非戰(zhàn)爭方式妥善解決朝核問題,要求朝鮮重新加入《核不擴(kuò)散組織》、并就朝核問題重新接受對(duì)話形式,不讓朝核問題無期限地拖延。
2.反對(duì)通過軍事手段來給朝鮮施壓,堅(jiān)決反對(duì)有核大國對(duì)朝鮮進(jìn)行核震懾等行為;并呼吁美國能在對(duì)朝政策問題上有實(shí)質(zhì)性的調(diào)整,并做出不對(duì)朝使用核武器的承諾。
3.但國際上應(yīng)對(duì)朝鮮公然違約行為有所懲治,以儆效尤,防止“多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)”導(dǎo)致其他東北亞各國紛紛效仿發(fā)展核武器而出現(xiàn)新一輪核軍備競賽局面。
4.應(yīng)在后續(xù)的對(duì)話過程中達(dá)成一項(xiàng)可核實(shí)性的具體約束協(xié)議,即明確朝鮮“無核化”、“和平利用核能”的具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和措施; 確保朝鮮在切實(shí)履行條約義務(wù)、“棄核武”的情況下,各國絕不以“防核擴(kuò)散”為借口剝奪朝鮮享有和平利用核能的權(quán)利。5.在朝鮮明確“棄核武”的前提下,呼吁世界各國在保證朝鮮國家安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)能源發(fā)展等方面給予朝鮮以人道主義援助。
6.呼吁有核大國率先垂范,加大自身核裁軍的力度,共同為維護(hù)全球秩序和加強(qiáng)國際核不擴(kuò)散機(jī)制采取積極行動(dòng)。
在朝核問題上, 澳大利亞將響應(yīng)聯(lián)合國號(hào)召,在繼續(xù)積極促談勸和、為維護(hù)地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定方面作出努力的同時(shí),作出承諾:一旦朝鮮被證實(shí)“棄核武”,澳將愿意提供重大發(fā)展援助及能源支持, 及助朝拆除核武器的核安全技術(shù),絕不干預(yù)朝鮮和平利用核能。
在本屆聯(lián)合國大會(huì)中,澳大利亞希望在會(huì)期中同與會(huì)各國一道探討朝核問題并取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展,并呼吁有關(guān)各方多做有利于緩和局勢、解決問題的積極努力。
第三篇:模擬聯(lián)合國立場文件——美國
立場文件
1.姓名:王悅
2.學(xué)校:日壇中學(xué)
3.國家:美國
4.委員會(huì):聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會(huì)理事會(huì)
5.議題:歐洲主權(quán)的債務(wù)危機(jī)
正文
歐債危機(jī)即歐洲主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)。其開端于希臘,后有影響至西班牙、比利時(shí)等國家。2009年12月全球三大評(píng)級(jí)公司下調(diào)希臘主權(quán)評(píng)級(jí),希臘的債務(wù)危機(jī)隨即愈演愈烈,但金融界認(rèn)為希臘經(jīng)濟(jì)體系小,發(fā)生債務(wù)危機(jī)影響不會(huì)擴(kuò)大。歐洲其它國家也開始陷入危機(jī),包括比利時(shí)這些外界認(rèn)為較穩(wěn)健的國家,及歐元區(qū)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力較強(qiáng)的西班牙,都預(yù)報(bào)未來三年預(yù)算赤字居高不下,希臘已非危機(jī)主角,整個(gè)歐盟都受到債務(wù)危機(jī)困擾。德國等歐元區(qū)的龍頭國都開始感受到危機(jī)的影響,因?yàn)闅W元大幅下跌,加上歐洲股市暴挫,整個(gè)歐元區(qū)正面對(duì)成立十一年以來最嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn),有評(píng)論家更推測歐元區(qū)最終會(huì)解體收場。
我們大家都知道,現(xiàn)在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)最大的沸點(diǎn)問題是:歐債危機(jī)對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的沖擊,和影響。由于希臘、愛爾蘭、葡萄牙主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)的升溫,債務(wù)危機(jī)開始從歐元區(qū)的外圍國家向核心國家蔓延。例如意大利、西班牙等國的經(jīng)濟(jì)也出現(xiàn)了危險(xiǎn)的信號(hào)。歐元區(qū)的第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體,法國也開始面臨債務(wù)危機(jī)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。債務(wù)危機(jī)正步步緊逼,向歐元區(qū)的核心國家發(fā)展。
我們美國正在與歐洲展開一場貨幣主導(dǎo)權(quán)與債務(wù)資源的大戰(zhàn)。眾所周知,我們美國與歐洲的國家經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)非常相似,我們都是債務(wù)依賴型國家。金融危機(jī)以來,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)已經(jīng)成為美國債務(wù)的最大買家。并且通過量化寬松政策,讓債務(wù)貨幣化。危機(jī)爆發(fā)至今,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表總規(guī)模由2007年6月的8993億美元上升至2011年5月初的27231億美元是危機(jī)爆發(fā)前的三倍。而今,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在六月停止6000億美元的購買計(jì)劃,有誰來繼續(xù)接手。如此龐大的債務(wù)問題,是我們美國政府面臨最大的挑戰(zhàn)。
美國評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)不斷調(diào)低希臘、愛爾蘭、比利時(shí)的主權(quán)信用評(píng)級(jí),輪番對(duì)歐債危機(jī)制造動(dòng)蕩,大舉做空歐元,美元利用“避險(xiǎn)屬性”和階段性強(qiáng)勢,使資本大量回流美國本土,而美國成了這場危機(jī)的贏家,包括美國國債、美股及其它機(jī)構(gòu)債券在內(nèi)的美元資產(chǎn)大受追捧。盡管當(dāng)前美國國債已經(jīng)突破債務(wù)上限,但10年期美國國債收益率和30年期美國國債收益率創(chuàng)下五個(gè)月低點(diǎn),美國國債受到超額認(rèn)購,債務(wù)融資得以順利進(jìn)行。
美國經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)在正承受著內(nèi)外夾擊的困難,歐債危機(jī)現(xiàn)在已不單單是歐洲國家的危機(jī),他與現(xiàn)在影響到全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。我們美國政府,希望全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)體和國家,都能夠以長遠(yuǎn)的眼光,和對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度,共同努力幫助。面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的歐洲國家走出目前的困境,使世界經(jīng)濟(jì),能夠得以復(fù)蘇,這樣,不單單是對(duì)歐洲國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出的貢獻(xiàn),也是對(duì)本國經(jīng)濟(jì)乃至全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的一種貢獻(xiàn)。美國政府也希望歐共體的成員國,也能夠以積極的態(tài)度,應(yīng)對(duì)這場危機(jī),努力建立一種永久性的危機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制,以預(yù)防此類情況的再次發(fā)生。是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)有良性、穩(wěn)定、健康的發(fā)展。
第四篇:模擬聯(lián)合國立場文件
Delegates: Zhao Jingyu , Ma Na
Department:School of Public Health
Country: Kingdom of Cambodia
Committee: WHO
Topic: How to solve the problem of abuse of antibiotics
Antibiotics are a cure for microbial infection.They have been developed for a long time since 1877 and now there are hundreds of antibiotics using(being used)in clinical treatment.It is obvious that they are helpful to human life , but there is one thing we cannot deny— abuse of antibiotics.As we all know, four major hazards would be caused by excessive(use)of antibiotics, which are side effects, allergic reactions, superinfection and resistance.Many countries are plagued by this problem, so it is time to solve the [problem of] abuse of antibiotics in international community.The World Health Organization has urged countries around the world to take urgent measures to prevent the emergence and spread of multi-drug-resistant strains.And European Union earmarked(took steps)to establish a multinational Resistance Surveillance Network for rational use of antibiotics in 1997.It solved part of the problem that most developed countries can use antibiotics in reason.However, this problem has always existed(been existing)in developing countries.Kingdom of Cambodia’s position is resisting the abuse of antibiotics.We pursue the aim that is promoting positive regional cooperation, mutual assistance and making beneficial cooperation with international organizations as well as regional organizations.So we would response(respond)to the call of the World Health Organization positively.As one of the international community, Kingdom of Cambodia should make no effort to solve this problem.On the one hand, government need(needs to)
strengthen the supervision of the use of the antibiotics.Moreover, it is necessary and important to raise public awareness.On the other hand, we are seeking international assistance such as antibiotic-producing technology, advanced medical technology.We hope these suggestions will become a reality.And only in this way can the whole human society get rid of the problem of abuse of antibiotics.Thanks.
第五篇:模擬聯(lián)合國立場文件英文稿
Delegate: Chen yuying,Chen chunhao, Liu chengyi
School: No.2 Experimental School
Country: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Committee: Disarmament and International Security
Topic: Space Weaponisation
總結(jié)第10頁的“背景”
In 1967 the United Nations through the outer space convention clarify, any country can will any part of the space of for yourself, and at the same time, all countries should the peaceful use of space, space belongs to all mankind, no country has the right to deprive other countries outside the space development and utilization of peace rights.In 2004, the general assembly of the United Nations passed a resolution to 59, requires countries to take action to prevent an arms race in outer space.But American X37B air plane research and development success seems to become a prelude to the stationing of space.Does the United States, and promoting the national missile defense(NMD)system, and its basic to establish a global military advantage of both attack and defense, taking the right day, and strengthen its dominance in the world.No matter the immediate or in the long run, the United States goes against the peace and development of the trend of The Times “plan” for international security have serious negative effects, not only damage the international community in the disarmament and arms control field has the results, and will cause a new arms race, is more likely to cause advanced weapons and technology diffusion, countries around the space for the resources will gradually white-hot, and the United Nations about prevent militarization of initiative will mean nothing, inevitably will space battle on the stage of history, the United States that human “the peaceful use of space” poison effect is concerned.The United States and India, are 1966 into effect in the outer space treaty state party.And the outer space treaty article 4 expressly: “each contracting state guarantee: not in orbit around the earth placed any carrying nuclear weapons or any other type of weapons of mass destruction, not with the entity object, also not weapons in any other way deployment of such weapons in outer space.The high contracting parties must put the moon and other celestial bodies absolutely for peaceful purposes.Banned in bodies set up military base, facilities and works: ban on any type of
weapon test objects as well as military exercise”, this one is the outer space “l(fā)imit militarized” principle.The weaponization of space, and of an impending space battle of danger, the world love peace, stability, and development for the people were warned, America's “star war plan” and even after the missile defense system for, including China, Russia, and even the U.S.NATO Allies in the world, most countries, have voiced strong opposition and condemnation, think it goes against the Soviet union and the United States signed in 1972 anti-ballistic missile(abm)treaty, will destroy the international strategic stable foundation.Even the United States senate military commission committee member Charles rob, say developing space-based weapons will be “a historical consequences of big mistake”.In addition, in order to promote the peaceful use of outer space, prevent the stationing of space, so far, the international community has made a series of space about chapter.But should see the international community's call to action--and justice from effectively rising of outer space arms race momentum and large gap, a few countries irresponsible practices is the lack of effective restriction mechanism to prevent and control.Face have outbreaks of dangerous space battle, the world all peace-loving people should keep fully alert, should actively action, to curb space military momentum, for the world, and more our own their generation finally silent peace of their homes.Since always, British claims of space is the common wealth of all mankind, explore and utilize the space is the final purpose of social development and human progress, for human creation a better survival and development space.Soon reach an prevent the stationing of space and space arms race of the international legal documents, be helpful for maintaining the peaceful use of space, maintain the safety of the space assets, and promote the international cooperation in space, and promote international common security.