第一篇：MW Vocabulary Builder Unit 10

Unit No 10

詞根1 PUT

源于拉丁putare,意為想法，理念 to think, consider or believe

見于reputation,名聲，how others think of you;deputy, 代理人，someone that is considered as the one who appointed him

disputatious adj.好爭辯的.想法理念不同，所以會爭辯。

impute vt.歸罪于, 歸咎于.源于拉丁imputare，原指give credit to.: to lay the responsibility or blame for often falsely or unjustly: to credit to a person or a cause: ATTRIBUTE

*our vices as well as our virtues have been imputed to bodily derangement — B.N.Cardozo*

putative adj.推定的, 假定的.通常指對廣泛相信的事物的懷疑。: commonly accepted or supposed: assumed to exist or to have existed

reputed adj.掛名的, 號稱的，常指 believed to be a certain way by popular opinion

to reckon up, think over, from re-+ putare to reckon

詞根 2 LOG

源于希臘logos, 意為word, speech, reason

見于英語中以-logy或-logue結(jié)尾的詞.–logy多指the study of, 比如biology, 生物學(xué)，anthropology，人類學(xué).－logue 多指a type of discussion, dialogue是兩個(gè)人的對話；epilogue,結(jié)尾，last words on a subject or a discussion

eulogy n.贊詞, 頌詞.大多是在葬禮上用。eu-是好的意思。夸活人，要用eulogize。

monologue n.獨(dú)白 mono-是一個(gè)，一個(gè)人的discussion,就是獨(dú)白。

neologism n.新語,新詞 neo-是新的意思?？梢允蔷迷~的新用法。-log在這是詞的。

genealogy n.系譜, 家系, 宗譜。

詞根 3 TERR

源于拉丁terra,意為大地，earth.拉丁詞組Terra firma意為firm ground。

見于terrace, 傾斜的平地;法語中potato為pommes de terre,意思是地里的蘋果；territory, 領(lǐng)地，領(lǐng)土。

parterre n.花壇，花圃：在壇和小路上形成某種式樣的裝飾性花園

subterranean adj.地下的: being, lying, or operating under the surface of the earth: existing or working in secret: HIDDEN*a subterranean network of criminals*

terrarium n.陸地動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)所，玻璃容器。

terrestrial adj.陸地的，地球的,世俗的a : of or relating to the earth or its inhabitants*terrestrial magnetism*b : mundane in scope or character: PROSAICa : of or relating to land as distinct from air or water*terrestrial transportation*b(1): living on or in or growing from land*terrestrial plants**terrestrial birds*(2): of or relating to terrestrial organisms*terrestrial habits*: belonging to the class of planets that are like the earth(as in density and silicate composition)*the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars*

extraterrestrial 指地球外的詞根4 MAR

源于拉丁mare，意為海

見于marine, 海的;submarine, 水下的，潛艇。

aquamarine n.綠玉, 碧綠色

marina n.A boat basin that has docks, moorings, supplies, and other facilities for small boats.小船?？繀^(qū)

mariner n.水手

maritime adj.海上的, 海事的, 海運(yùn)的, 海員的詞根5 PATH

源于希臘pathos，意為磨難，suffering。

見于pathetic, 見到別人受苦，我們才可憐他們；Pathos,在英語里也有起同情、憐憫、敏感或悲傷的意思。

apathetic adj.缺乏興趣的，漠然的empathy n.源于希臘的passion

The attribution of one's own feelings to an object.把對人感情寄托到一樣?xùn)|西上

pathology n.病理學(xué)

The scientific study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences.sociopath n.反社會者

詞根6 PEN/PUN

源于拉丁poena，意為penalty, 或源于punire, 意為punish。

見于penalty, 懲罰；repentance,悔改。

impunity n.exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss

不受懲罰, 免罰, 無患

penal adj.: of, relating to, or involving punishment, penalties, or punitive institutions: liable to punishment*a penal offense*: used as a place of confinement and punishment*a penal colony*

屬于、有關(guān)或規(guī)定由于違法處于刑罰的penance vt.使...以苦行贖罪, 自我懲罰

punitive adj.刑罰的, 懲罰性的民事訴訟有時(shí)有懲罰性賠償punitive damages,一般數(shù)目很大。

詞根7 MATR/METR

源于拉丁和希臘的母親

見于matron,主婦；matrimony,結(jié)婚，成為母親的第一步；matrix,子宮，母體。

maternity n.a : the quality or state of being a mother: MOTHERHOODb : the qualities of a mother: MOTHERLINESS: a hospital facility designed for the care of women before and during childbirth and for the care of newborn babies

maternity leave，產(chǎn)假

matriculate v.被錄取入學(xué), 源于matrix.matrix原指專門用來配種的雌性動(dòng)物或植物，后來有l(wèi)ist or register的意思。被學(xué)校錄取就是上了錄取的名單。alma mater,指母校, 拉丁語原指fostering mother.matrilineal adj.Relating to, based on, or tracing ancestral descent through the maternal line.母系的：有關(guān)、基于或通過母系線索來追溯子孫后代的patrilineal, 父系社會

matriarch, 女族長，女家長

metropolitan n.大都市。古希臘原指 mother city

詞根8 MONI

源于拉丁monere，意為警告，批評，to warn or to scold.警告跟批評的性質(zhì)差不多。admonish n.輕責(zé)，告誡：溫和但誠摯地責(zé)備

monitory adj.訓(xùn)誡的monitor v.監(jiān)控

premonition n.A presentiment of the future;a foreboding.對未來的不祥預(yù)感；預(yù)兆

A warning in advance;a forewarning.預(yù)先警告；事先警告

典故詞

cereal n.谷類食品, 谷類

古羅馬掌管糧食生長的女神叫Ceres.Junoesque adj.高貴優(yōu)美的古希臘女神juno是jupiter的老婆，本身高貴優(yōu)美

martial adj.軍隊(duì)的，古羅馬的戰(zhàn)神是Mars

Promethean adj.獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的普羅米修斯是給人類偷來火種的Titan。后來又叫人們寫字，耕地，建房，識別天氣。Sisyphean adj.徒勞的,困難的西西弗斯是希臘神話中最聰明的人。他靠耍小聰明讓神把他起死回生。后來眾神發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的把戲，就把他打入地獄，讓他天天把石頭推到山頂，然后看著石頭滾回來起點(diǎn)，再重新推過。titanic 這個(gè)就不用解釋了吧？大家都看過Jack and Rose吧？

Triton海里的一個(gè)神，波塞冬和安菲特里特的兒子，被描繪成具有人的頭、軀干和魚的尾 vulcanize v.硫化,硬化,古羅馬神話中的火神叫Vulcan.vulcanize來自于橡膠。1839, Charles Goodyear發(fā)明了一種可以使橡膠樹脂硬化方法，他給這個(gè)方法取名為vulcanization.美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，北方的間諜，用這種新技術(shù)指稱的氣球穿越南方軍隊(duì)的防線去搜集情報(bào)。