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      留學(xué)申請文書PS:適合最重要!

      時間:2019-05-13 09:30:52下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《留學(xué)申請文書PS:適合最重要!》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《留學(xué)申請文書PS:適合最重要!》。

      第一篇:留學(xué)申請文書PS:適合最重要!

      留學(xué)申請文書PS范文:適合最重要!

      申請文書PS的創(chuàng)作,適合的才是最好的,它既不是簡單的寫作,更不是含糊的照搬。俗話說,世界上沒有兩片一模一樣的葉子,每個學(xué)生也都是獨一無二的個體,文書當(dāng)然也應(yīng)該是獨一無二的!無論是PS或SOT抑或是CV,內(nèi)容一定要有針對性,要以每個學(xué)生的特質(zhì)、背景和經(jīng)歷為依據(jù),文書老師和學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)面對面一對一溝通交流,深度挖掘?qū)W生身上的閃光點,在這個基礎(chǔ)上,用行文的創(chuàng)意與技巧去征服國外大學(xué)的教授,這樣的文書既是貼合學(xué)生身份的,又是熠熠生輝的,怎能不被刮目相看呢? 這又豈是那些放諸四海而皆準(zhǔn)的文書所能媲美的呢?思為最看不上“一篇打天下”的文書模版,思為只做適合的獨一無二的文書,哪怕付出多百倍的努力!

      如果說好萊塢星光大道留下了無數(shù)明星的手印腳印,那么這份文書就是每位學(xué)生通往夢想留學(xué)殿堂的星光大道,同樣打下了他們深深的獨一無二的烙印。

      朱同學(xué),本科就讀于中國藥科大學(xué)英語專業(yè),輔修藥學(xué)的她如何能夠敲開了佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)博士全獎留學(xué)的大門呢?當(dāng)然,這一切離不開她在申請背后不懈的學(xué)術(shù)和實踐方面的努力,但是這一切努力濃縮在一篇不算長的SOT中卻絕非易事,下面就請童鞋們品讀朱同學(xué)的這篇SOT吧,其中借用喬布斯的“dot理論”真是巧妙至極!

      范文:

      “Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward;you can only connect them looking backwards.” When I watched the video of Steve Jobs’Commencement Address at Stanford University for the first time, I failed to acquire an exact understanding of the figurative meaning of the dots in our lives, but now, four years later, when I look back, a map of dots with lines connecting them gradually, and yet clearly, appears in my mindMadison.”

      The first dot is about my grandma’s choice of treatment of her liver cancer.I still remember when she was dying,tears sliding down her wrinkled cheeks, she murmured “I should have chosen conservative treatment to die peacefully in bed ?I should have?” That unforgettable memory still lingers on my mind and keeps me reflecting on methods of guiding patients to make better decisions, and evaluating the health related quality of life.Therefore, I determined to minor in Pharmacy, to explore the pharmaceutical field furthera fantastic world of science, and gradually I have acquired a thorough knowledge of Pharmacy.Based on the study of Pharmacology, I started to learn Pharmacotherapy by myself, and progressively got to know the corresponding medication therapies to treat and prevent each kind of diseases, and realized the importance of safe, appropriate and economical drug therapy for achieving outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.During this exploring, I encountered another subject-Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy.Later on, a lecture called “Comparison Study of Education in Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy in China and USA” solidified my interest in this discipline.With the guidance of the lecturer, Professor HU, and through searching information about this area, I formulated a clear vision of the purpose of research in this disciplinethis is the third and one of the most crucial dots on the route of my adventurous voyage.Ever since I made my decision, I have prepared my graduate study in the United States dot by dot.I managed to develop my interest in this discipline without weakening my performance of my major English, and participation in variou activities.I ranked first in the overall performance of my major and minor in Pharmacy, and won the National Scholarship.With regards to activities and volunteer works, student leader forums, English club and summer social practice activities cultivated my strong leadership and organization skills;additionally, debate and speech competitions, and volunteer experience developed my communication and presentation skills, which are my assets that will largely benefit my future study and career development, as well as the graduate program in which I will get enrolled.At the same time, Pharmacoeconomics course and related literature have broadened my insight into Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy.Throughout the process, I developed considerable literature retrieval skills and sharp abilities to grasp new concepts and knowledge quickly.Also, through involving in the Open Experiment in the Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, I learned to be an excellent coordinator, building a bridge between teachers and other research teammates.From March this year, I have taken an active part in the research project on Comparison Study of Chinese GMP 2010 and GMP 1998.During this research I sharpened my analytical abilities, critical thinking skills, as well as built strong team spirit.I will assist the research advisor Professor HU to deliver a series of lectures in our university and pharmaceutical companies.During my colorful college life, I have made a substantial number of presentations at class, department and school levels.And as one of the best students, I have participated in study method seminars for many times to instruct freshmen and sophomores in learning and researching.Therefore, I have the confidence to say that I will be qualified for teaching or research assistantship in my graduate study.Because of the aforementioned skills and knowledge I gained, this month I am participating in the research project the Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Diabetes in China, which will pave the way for my graduate research.The further I explored in this area, the more clearly I realized the dire need for talents specialized in Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacythis will certainly be a dot on my life expedition.In order to achieve this professional goal, an advanced degree is indispensible, and the Ph.D.program in Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy at University of WisconsinMadison will be the next requisite dot on my pursuit of what I love to do.I sincerely hope that I can begin a social, professional and academic relationship with you;one that is sure to be mutually beneficial.

      第二篇:2016英國留學(xué)申請文書:犯罪學(xué)專業(yè)PS推薦

      最權(quán)威的國際教育服務(wù)平臺

      2016英國留學(xué)申請文書:犯罪學(xué)專業(yè)PS推薦范文

      英國留學(xué)文書材料包括個人陳述、推薦信、簡歷等。在留學(xué)文書中,個人陳述占的比重非常大,因此,留學(xué)英國的學(xué)生在寫個人陳述時,一定要慎重,要考慮全面。下面是犯罪學(xué)專業(yè)PS范文,希望留學(xué)英國申請犯罪學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生可以參考。

      Criminology Personal Statement 犯罪學(xué)個人陳述(PS)

      I am interested in studying Criminology, This is because I'm fascinated by Topics like why/what people commit crime, Drugs and Society, and in fact all aspects of crime interest me.Various career options attract me including Probation, and Criminal Psychology.The courses I have chosen are BSc(Hons)Criminology and Criminal Justice, and BSc(Hons)Psychology and Criminology.I know that I'll have to work hard to gain a Degree but I'm prepared to do whatever it takes, I work well under pressure.I have chosen Portsmouth university primarily because of the reputation its Criminology Department has, and also my partner is currently doing a degree at Portsmouth as are many of my friends so I know a lot about student life at Portsmouth.|

      資料來源:教育優(yōu)選 http://004km.cn/

      最權(quán)威的國際教育服務(wù)平臺

      I can apply experience and personal skills gained in a variety of working and personal environments.I am finding the Access course very exciting, I love all the subjects, and it seems one subject would cease to exist without the other.I am particularly enjoying Sociology, as I was sixteen the last time I studied it, now I feel like I have a greater understanding of the subject.Psychology is a topic I have always followed.I'm enjoying Law, its such a diverse subject but I especially like Criminal law, the debates we have in the classroom really get me energized.I enjoy reading about crime;I am currently reading a book called Hunting Humans;which is various profiles of serial killers.I am an inquisitive person and also very suspicious, I tend to read between the lines, so its not surprising I love Psychological thrillers like“Seven” and “Silence of the Lambs”.My leisure interests include visiting the gym 2/3 times a week, Socialising and when I get time I love browsing in charity shops for bargains.I have done some voluntary work when I was 17/18, with a youth club where I was training as a young youth worker and I went on

      資料來源:教育優(yōu)選 http://004km.cn/

      最權(quán)威的國際教育服務(wù)平臺

      residential and an exchange to Italy.I realised then that I wanted to work closely with people.資料來源:教育優(yōu)選 http://004km.cn/

      第三篇:2016英國留學(xué)申請文書:自然科學(xué)專業(yè)PS推薦

      最權(quán)威的國際教育服務(wù)平臺

      2016英國留學(xué)申請文書:自然科學(xué)專業(yè)PS推薦范文

      赴英國留學(xué)的學(xué)生在準(zhǔn)備申請材料的時候,PS的寫作至關(guān)重要。如何寫出吸引眼球,近乎完美的個人陳述直接影響著申請學(xué)校成功與否。以下是小編針對自然科學(xué)專業(yè)所推薦的PS范文,希望對此專業(yè)有意向的學(xué)生可以借鑒。

      Natural Sciences Personal Statement 自然科學(xué)個人陳述(PS)

      I have chosen to study Natural Sciences because of a constant curiosity with the workings of the world around me.By doing Natural Sciences I hope to build on my existing knowledge by studying a stimulating and inspiring subject in much greater detail.I have developed my interest in science, in particular Chemistry by undertaking scientific extra-curricular activities since joining secondary school as well as participating thoroughly in lessons.I particularly enjoyed making soap and esters in Chemistry and problem solving using a pendulum in physics.In 2000, I did some work experience at Unilever, where I analysed samples of dyed pig skin.I enjoyed this work experience as it allowed me to see a working lab in action, as well as developing communication and teamwork skills.In order to get more knowledge and understanding of

      資料來源:教育優(yōu)選 http://004km.cn/

      最權(quán)威的國際教育服務(wù)平臺

      the chemical industry, I organised some work experience myself at Shell in summer 2001, where I tested Ferrari oils for traces of different metals.Both these work experience placements increased my motivation to learn more about how scientific knowledge is applied in the real world.I continued my work at Shell in summer 2002, where I investigated two different methods of measuring biochemical oxygen demand.This project was part of a 4 week Nuffield Bursary, which meant I had to write a report and do a presentation to both Shell and the Nuffield foundation.I immensely enjoyed this project as I was allowed to expand it in the way that I wanted.I also worked independently and showed self-motivation in being responsible for the development of the project from start to finish.I gained a gold crest award for this project.In 2000-2001 I gained a silver crest award for a Zeneca life science project on Chemiluminescence.This involved working in a team of 3 people for 1 1/2 years on the project,developing it from the initial idea to the end results and conclusions.I liked this project as it enabled us to advance our project independently and take responsibility for it.Our team got to the regional finals of a competition with this project.I also gained bronze crest awards in 98 and 99 for a project on the bioremediation of oil, which was linked with Shell,and an able pupils

      資料來源:教育優(yōu)選 http://004km.cn/

      最權(quán)威的國際教育服務(wù)平臺

      science and technology course, which focused on renewable energy resources.I am now assisting other younger pupils in the school science club in completing a Zeneca project.I also represented my school at a young analysts competition with 3 other pupils.Out of school, I have been a member of the Guiding Association since age 7.I work as a young leader, helping to run a guide unit, and I have also gained a camp permit which means I am considered responsible enough to take a small group of girls camping without an adult.I have also shown myself to be reliable and committed to the all-round development of girls and young women.In addition, I am a Ranger within the Guiding Association, where I am working towards a leadership qualification.As a Ranger and young leader I was selected to represent the UK along with 7 other girls at an international camp in Switzerland in summer 2001.I was similarly selected to go to a World camp for guides in 1999.I immensely enjoyed these two experiences as they enabled me to meet new people from all over the world and develop teamwork and communication skills.I was also able to learn about different cultures, faiths and languages while on these 2 trips.資料來源:教育優(yōu)選 http://004km.cn/

      第四篇:2016英國留學(xué)申請文書:測量專業(yè)PS推薦

      最權(quán)威的國際教育服務(wù)平臺

      2016英國留學(xué)申請文書:測量專業(yè)PS推薦范文

      英國留學(xué)文書材料包括個人陳述、推薦信、簡歷等。在留學(xué)文書中,個人陳述占的比重非常大,因此,留學(xué)英國的學(xué)生在寫個人陳述時,一定要慎重,要考慮全面。下面是測量專業(yè)PS范文,希望留學(xué)英國申請測量專業(yè)的學(xué)生可以參考。

      Surveying Personal Statement 測量專業(yè)個人陳述(PS)

      I believe that quantity surveying is a vocation and not just a job.My interests in this area have established within in the last year.Some of my ancestors are quantity surveyors and I have seen how demanding the profession can be.Unfortunately I have not had the opportunity to shadow a Quantity Surveyor outside my family however I would like to gain experience in the one year work placement that is offered through this course.I am able to communicate and participate well in a team, as well as being able to achieve goals and objectives independently through hard work and dedication.I have attended school for fourteen years and within in this time I have gained a lot of experiences and many rewards.I have obtained

      資料來源:教育優(yōu)選 http://004km.cn/

      最權(quán)威的國際教育服務(wù)平臺

      many certificates and recognition for school choir of the year, camogie championships, netball tournaments, ladies Gaelic football and swimming.Academic awards include recognition for French speaking, level 7 in information Systems skills, First aid courses completed with St.John's ambulance service finally I received a plaque for gaining 8 G.C.S.Es grade C and above.I am currently playing for the ************ Ladies Gaelic football team.This has taught me how to work together as a team, consider others yet having self motivation as included in a team sport;this has given me experience in how to work with others especially under pressure.A quantity Surveyor is a high pressured job and I feel I have the motivation and skills to deal with this pressure and work to the best of my ability and I am sure this is the career for me.資料來源:教育優(yōu)選 http://004km.cn/

      第五篇:留學(xué)文書個人陳述PS中,最重要的研究能力如何呈現(xiàn)?

      004km.cn 留學(xué)文書個人陳述PS中,最重要的研究能力如何呈現(xiàn)?

      不管申請什么專業(yè),有一點是通用的,那就是研究能力,而要論述研究能力,就要提到科學(xué)的研究方法,大部分的學(xué)科研究所使用的科學(xué)方法通常都包含(但不限于)以下的諸多重要元素: 1.嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠^察; 2.構(gòu)建假說并驗證之; 3.*對新信息的開放性;

      4.*自愿接受他人的經(jīng)過驗證的成果;

      以上四點,無論在哪個學(xué)科里面都會被反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)。這意味著,在寫PS的時候可以強(qiáng)調(diào)這些內(nèi)容:自己所具有的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠^察能力;良好的構(gòu)造假說并驗證的能力;思維的開放性,我們要努力使得這些內(nèi)容在自己的研究過程中充分體現(xiàn)出來。現(xiàn)在我們分別來看一下: 1嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠^察

      ““觀察能力”:觀察限于我們的感官(嗅覺、視覺、聽覺、味覺和觸覺),或者我們感官的延伸(顯微鏡、錄音機(jī)、X光、溫度計等等)。如果我們想向錄取委員會展現(xiàn)自己嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠^察能力,那就可能需要展現(xiàn)我們的感官能力很強(qiáng),或者是感官能力衍生能力很強(qiáng)。什么意思?這樣說吧,我們其中肯定有很多同學(xué)是化工專業(yè)的,如果我們要在PS中寫關(guān)于使用顯微鏡的過程,借著使用顯微鏡這個過程來表現(xiàn)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠^察能力,那么其實這里的顯微鏡就是感官的衍生。

      因此我們可以在PS中這樣寫:“有一天,我通過顯微鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了XX,我覺得XX跟我課本里的內(nèi)容不太相符,原來課本中的實驗是在限定條件下進(jìn)行的,而我剛才觀察到的XX,是由限定條件改變所引起的,所以根據(jù)我的發(fā)現(xiàn),我繼續(xù)改變課本中的限定條件,進(jìn)行了多次試

      004km.cn 驗,最后我發(fā)現(xiàn)我所看到的XX,和課本上的內(nèi)容不一致,因此不能用同一個定理來解釋,但是可以肯定的是,我的實驗和課本上的實驗都是正確的?!?/p>

      如果我們在PS里里面舉出這樣一個實例,就可以從側(cè)面強(qiáng)調(diào)自己具有超強(qiáng)的觀察能力。雖然實驗結(jié)果未必是我們直接看到的,可能是通過顯微鏡看到的,或者是通過其他感官衍生看到的,但也可以從側(cè)面證明自己具有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠^察能力。事實上,我們在人文科學(xué)里邊所做的調(diào)查問卷也是感官的衍生。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠^察能力未必是我們直接所看到的事情,也許是自己看到一些別人的數(shù)據(jù)、數(shù)字、公式,我們便覺得不同尋常。其實這也可以說明我們的感官能力強(qiáng),和別人的不一樣。

      2構(gòu)建假說并驗證之

      假說的能力:假說是可以被驗證的對特定問題的可能的答案。一個好的假說必須是邏輯嚴(yán)密的,能夠包含現(xiàn)有的所有信息并對將來可能補(bǔ)充的信息開放。

      額外注意:如果有多個選擇,一定要選擇最簡單包含最少假設(shè)的那個假說。

      004km.cn 驗證假說:假說可以簡單的通過收集其他來源的信息加以驗證,也可以通過額外的觀察加以驗證,更多的時候需要通過設(shè)計一個實驗來加以驗證。實驗通過再現(xiàn)一個事件使得科學(xué)家可以對假說加以驗證。

      額外注意:我們往往不會接受單個實驗的結(jié)果,因為那有可能只是與實驗變量無因果關(guān)系的隨機(jī)事件。只有大量的重復(fù)實驗皆表現(xiàn)出明顯的因果關(guān)系,這個實驗才可信。

      相比較來說,這個能力對我們的要求幾乎是最高的,有能力提出假說的,必然是對自己的專業(yè)有相當(dāng)了解的;有能力對自己的假說驗證的,也必然具備一定的研究精神??墒侨绻覀兡芴岢鰜恚敲次覀兙捅葎e人的高度高出了許多。3.對新信息的開放性;

      4.自愿接受他人的經(jīng)過驗證的成果; 這兩個昨天說過了,具體請點擊這里 如何將這些科學(xué)方法運(yùn)用得恰到好處

      在我們說明了研究的科學(xué)方法的四個要點之后,我們來看一下如何行之有效地將這四個要點呈現(xiàn)出來:

      1.““事實勝于雄辯”

      很多申請者在寫文書的時候,都喜歡寫自己獨到的一面,比如:一些申請者喜歡講道理,比如說“你知道嗎?我什么很厲害……”這樣高調(diào)地贊揚(yáng)自己的例子在文書里面是很常見的。申請者在寫文書的時侯,盡量對自己表揚(yáng)自己的例子做低調(diào)的處理,寫出更具體的東西,就是所謂“事實勝于雄辯”。下面我們就“事實勝于雄辯”討論以下兩個案例: 案例(1):

      ……我的實驗?zāi)芰軓?qiáng),我的老師總是表揚(yáng)我,我的同學(xué)們都愿意在做實驗的時候與我一組……我想,我獨立完成XX理論的XX部分的驗證工作,這件事情足以證明我的實驗?zāi)芰Α?/p>

      004km.cn 案例(2):

      Transferring majors is difficult at colleges in China.You have to be among the top three in your previous major and you also have to pass strict examinations on the subject.I was finally accepted into the Department of Physics at XXX University, one of the best Physics Departments in China.上面兩個例子顯然是不同的,第一個特別的直接和明確,不斷的強(qiáng)調(diào)自己試驗?zāi)芰軓?qiáng)。但是所選取的都是比較空泛的事例。

      而第二個例子,我們在他的文章中幾乎看不到他強(qiáng)調(diào)自己學(xué)習(xí)能力強(qiáng)的詞語,他只是很單純的在描述一個事實,說:“你知道嗎?在中國轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)特別的困難,必須是本專業(yè)排名前三名的學(xué)生才有能夠轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè),并且要經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的測試,才能轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)成功,我轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)成功了?!边@段話先講轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)很困難,接著說自己轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)成功,進(jìn)而強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力很強(qiáng)。顯然第二個例子更容易說服別人,甚至讀者根本都沒有意識到他在表揚(yáng)自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力強(qiáng),但是讀者卻覺得他很厲害。可以說,他很好地運(yùn)用了“事實勝于雄辯”,因此,在我們寫PS的時候,一定要注意描述事實,多寫實例,這往往要比我們?nèi)フf一些空話好的多。2.懷疑主義(skeptism)/好奇精神(curiosity)是引發(fā)實例的萬能工具

      當(dāng)我們在寫文書的時候可能會描述一些例子之類的,那么怎么去引發(fā)這些例子呢?可能懷疑主義、好奇精神就是引發(fā)這些例子的萬能工具。也就意味著,當(dāng)我們不知道如何引出例子的時候就可以把原因歸結(jié)為自己好奇??梢哉f因為自己好奇、懷疑什么,所以自己打算做個試驗來驗證它,而這恰恰是科學(xué)里面最重要的內(nèi)容,即展現(xiàn)自己的懷疑能力和好奇精神。這里有這樣一段描述好奇心的話:

      “The word “curiosity” pleases me.To me it suggests something altogether different: it evokes “concern”;it evokes the care one takes for what exists and

      004km.cn could exist;a readiness to find strange and singular what surrounds us;a certain relentlessness to break up our familiarities and to regard otherwise the same things;a fervor to grasp what is happening and what passes;a casualness in regard to the traditional hierarchies of the important and the essential.” ——By Michel Foucault Michel Foucault應(yīng)該是法國現(xiàn)代最著名的生物學(xué)家,這是他寫的一段話,這段話強(qiáng)調(diào)好奇心能夠引發(fā)人去追求很多東西,就是說,好奇心本身不需要任何東西,純粹的好奇心就能夠推動人的進(jìn)步。

      下面,我們來看一個描寫好奇心的案例: 案例:...By applying for Ph.D.studies at your university, I am seeking to fulfill a childhood dream to understand and appreciate the wonders of nature.Born and brought up in a small city on the Yun-Gui plateau in southwest China, I was full of curiosity in my childhood as I observed the dramatic weather changes there....上面這這段話在一開始就告訴別人,因為自己的好奇心而促使自己想要去了解云貴高原的天氣,而促使自己對所申請專業(yè)的興趣。

      3.相比于“給答案”,“問問題”有時候更容易有震撼的作用

      在寫文書的時候,我們有時候可以去強(qiáng)調(diào)自己具備發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的能力,而不一定花盡心思去強(qiáng)調(diào)自己有解決問題的能力。只要我們具備發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的能力,即使提出問題之后解決不了,都是可以應(yīng)用的,因為很多時候,提問要比解決問題更顯能力,而這正好是在寫文書的時候希

      004km.cn 望給別人的感覺。所以希望申請者在文書里面能夠在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域里,透過某種現(xiàn)象能夠看到一些東西,同時提出一些問題,下面,我們來看一個比較經(jīng)典的案例: 案例:艾智仁的提問

      經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)假設(shè)“每個人都需要爭取利益最大化”,如果有些人是不爭取利益最大化的話,(甚至可能的是不知道為什么要爭取最大化),經(jīng)濟(jì)理論是否還能依舊成立?

      艾智仁是比較著名的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,他特別喜歡提問。因為上面的提問,他被芝加哥大學(xué)聘請過去擔(dān)任教授。在他博士后的時候提出上面的問題。在他提出這個問題的時候,正在進(jìn)行一場經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的討論會,因為他提出的這個問題對經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)最底層的假設(shè)產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑,盡管當(dāng)時他也不知道答案,只是問了這樣一個問題,但是卻將討論會的題目推翻了,導(dǎo)致當(dāng)時的討論無法繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。這里,我們足以看到提問的力量是多大。

      在這之后,艾智仁又寫了一篇文章,專門來回答這個問題,他說,極大化只是個假設(shè),一個人根本不需要知道自己是在爭取什么的。適者生存,不適者淘汰,生存的適者應(yīng)驗了爭取極大化的假設(shè),理論于是解釋了人的行為,究竟一個人知不知道自己為何那樣做是無關(guān)宏旨的。當(dāng)然這就是后話了。

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