第一篇：環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

Environment is the physicsl and biotic habitat which surrounds us;that which we can see.hear, touch, smell, and taste.System.according to Wehster’ s dictionaryD , is defined as “a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole;as, a solar system, irrigation system, supply system, the world or universe”.?環(huán)境：是指我們周圍的物理和生物生境，我們可以看到，聽(tīng)到，觸到，聞到和感到這些事物。?系統(tǒng)：根據(jù)韋氏字典，系統(tǒng)為相關(guān)和相聯(lián)的一組或一系列事情形成一個(gè)單元或有機(jī)體

Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological

characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.?污染：可以定義為空氣、水或土壤的物理化學(xué)或生物特性發(fā)生惡化以至于對(duì)人類或生物有機(jī)體的健康、生存或活性造成了危害

When the goal of improving environmental quality is taken to be improving human

well-being.Theword“environment” broadens to include all kinds of social, economic, and cultural aspects.Such broadness is unworkable in many real situations and impractical in a textbook designed for a one-semester course.Our examination of environmental problems is therefore limited by our definition of “environment”.當(dāng)改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量的目的是用來(lái)改善人體健康時(shí)，環(huán)境這個(gè)詞的含義就拓寬到包括各種社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化方面，但這樣的拓寬對(duì)許多實(shí)際情況不可行的，對(duì)為一學(xué)期時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)的課程而言是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。從而我們對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題調(diào)查時(shí)把環(huán)境的定義做了限制。

A number of different environmental problems are associated with water, air, or land systems.Many of these problems will apply only within one of these systems, justifying the breakdown into these categories.Such a classification is also useful for easier comprehension of related problems within one system.Moreover, it is sensible because, for managerial and administrative reasons? , such subfields as air pollution, water supply, wastewater diaposal, and solid waste disposal are often dealt with separately by governmental agencies.與水、大氣或土地系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)有一些不同的相關(guān)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。而許多問(wèn)題只是適用于其中的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，正因?yàn)榇诉@也說(shuō)明了上述分類的合理性。如此的分類還有利于更容易對(duì)一個(gè)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)相關(guān)問(wèn)題的理解。并且從行政管理方面看也是合理的，因?yàn)檎畽C(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)常把環(huán)境問(wèn)題分為空氣污染、供水、污水處理和固體廢物處置幾個(gè)方面來(lái)處理。

Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not confined to an air, water, or land system, but involve interactions between systems.但有許多重要的環(huán)境問(wèn)題并不局限于大氣、水或土地系統(tǒng)中的某個(gè)單一系統(tǒng)，而是包含各系統(tǒng)之間的相互作用。

A current example is the acid rain problem stemming from the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases into the atmosphere from the stacks of generating stations?, smelters, and automobile exhausts.一個(gè)典型的例子是由于從許多發(fā)電站、冶煉廠和汽車排氣向大氣釋放的二氧化硫和氮氧化物造成的酸雨問(wèn)題。

These gases are then transported by air currents over wide regions, Rainfall “washes them out”, creating acid rain which is harmful to aquatic life, forests, and agricultural crops.Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem.and the acid rain problem.normally of regional nature.這些氣體被氣流輸送到更廣的區(qū)域，然后經(jīng)降雨的沖刷后形成了酸雨，這對(duì)水生生物、森林和農(nóng)作物有危害。對(duì)各系統(tǒng)間的相互作用造成了較大的環(huán)境破壞這里給出了兩個(gè)例子，一個(gè)是全球性問(wèn)題即大氣中二氧化碳的逐漸增加，另一個(gè)是酸雨問(wèn)題，通常是區(qū)域性問(wèn)題。

Many major improvements to our standard of living can be attributed to the application of science and technology.A few examples are noted here.Can you think of others?

? The production of more and better quality food

? The creation of housing as protection from extrcmcs from climates and as living apace

? The building of fast and reliable means of transportation

? The invention of various systems of communication*

*我們生活水平的許多大的改善可以歸公于科學(xué)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用這里給出幾個(gè)例子。你能再舉出其它的例子? ﹡更多并且質(zhì)量更好食物的生產(chǎn)﹡快速并可靠的運(yùn)輸方式的創(chuàng)建﹡創(chuàng)造了可以保護(hù)我們免受極端氣候并作為生活空間的房子﹡多種通信體系的發(fā)明

? The invention of machines to replace human or animal power? The supply of safe water and the disposal of wastes

? The elimination of many infectious diseases

﹡可以代替人力和動(dòng)物的機(jī)器的發(fā)明﹡安全水的供給與廢物的處置﹡傳染病的消除

? The elimination of most water-borne diseases in the developed world through improved water technology

? The availability of leisure time through greater productivity, providing the opportunity for cultural and recreational activities

? The protection from the worst effects of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.﹡在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家通過(guò)改進(jìn)水工藝消除了大多數(shù)水傳染病﹡通過(guò)更大的生產(chǎn)力使我們有空閑時(shí)間，增加了可以參加提供的文化活動(dòng)及娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)﹡保護(hù)我們不受例如洪水、干旱、地震和火山噴發(fā)等自然災(zāi)害的惡劣影響

With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arabic land, disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resistant to

controls.盡管有這些改進(jìn)，但這些改進(jìn)有困擾我們的副作用，例如可耕地的喪失，森林的消失，環(huán)境污染和難以控制的新有機(jī)體。Many effects originally considered to be just nuisances are now recognized as potential threata to nature and to humana.這些作用中有許多一開(kāi)始只被認(rèn)為是公害，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被認(rèn)識(shí)到對(duì)自然和人類有潛在的威脅。

In an agrarian society, people lived essentially in harmony with mature, raising food, gathering firewood, and making clothing and tools from the land.The wastes from animals and humans were returned to the soil as fertilizer.Few, if any, problems of water, land, or sir pollution occurred.在農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)，人們基本上與自然和諧相處，在土地中種植糧食，收集木柴，并制作衣服和工具。人類和動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生的廢物以肥料的形式返回土壤中。即使產(chǎn)生了水體、土壤和大氣污染，也很少。

The cities of ancient times, particularly those of the Roman Empire? had systems to supply water and to dispose of wastes.The aqueducts supplying the ancient city of Rome(population about 1 million)with safe water from the Cloaca Maxims?, the best known and one of the earliest sewers to be built, are examples of such systems.古代大城市，特別是羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)的那些城市，有供水和廢物處置的體系。該體系一個(gè)例子如下：從古羅馬的大排泄溝輸水管道為有百萬(wàn)人口的羅馬城市供應(yīng)干凈的水，這是最著名也是最早建造的排水管。The municipal technology of ancient cities seems to have been forgotten for many centuries by those who built cities throughout Europe.Water supply and waste disposal were neglected, resulting in many outbreaks of dysentery, cholera, typhoid.and other waterborne diseases.許多世紀(jì)以來(lái)，整個(gè)歐洲城市的建筑者們忘記了古代城市的市政工程。供水和廢物處置的忽略造成了許多疾病的發(fā)作，例如痢疾、霍亂、傷寒和其它水傳染疾病。Until the middle of the nineteenth century, it was not realized that improper wastes disposal polluted water supplies with disease-carrying organisms.直到19世紀(jì)中葉以前，人們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到廢物的不當(dāng)處置會(huì)使給水受到帶病有機(jī)體的污染。

The industrial revolution in nineteenth-century Britain, Europe, and North Americs aggravated the environmental problems since it brought increased urbanization with the industrialization.英國(guó)、歐洲和北美國(guó)家在19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)革命惡化了環(huán)境問(wèn)題，這是因?yàn)殡S著工業(yè)化發(fā)展城市化加速造成的。Both phenomena, urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental causes of water and air pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.所有城市化和工業(yè)化現(xiàn)象，無(wú)論在過(guò)去還是現(xiàn)在都是造成在該時(shí)代不能處理的水體和大氣污染的原因。Rapid advances in technology for the treatment of water and the partisl treatment of wastewster took place in the developed countries over the next few decades.This led to a drsmstic decrease in the incidence of waterborne diseases?.Note that all wastes discharge into the environment, and thus pollute our water, air, and land systems.接下來(lái)的幾十年里，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)給水的處理和廢水的部分處理方面的技術(shù)得到了快速發(fā)展。這樣就大大減少了水傳染病的發(fā)生率。我們應(yīng)注意到排放到環(huán)境的所有廢物污染了我們的水、大氣和土壤系統(tǒng)。1排水工程sewerage engineering，wastewater engineering2排水系統(tǒng)sewer system3排水體制sewerage system4排水設(shè)施wastewater facilities5合流制combined system6分流制separate system 7城鎮(zhèn)污水urban wastewater8城鎮(zhèn)污水系統(tǒng)urban wastewater system9城鎮(zhèn)污水污泥urban wastewater sludge10旱流污水dry weather flow，DWF11生活污水domestic sewage;sewage12綜合生活污水comprehensive sewage13工業(yè)廢水industrial wastewater 14入滲地下水infiltrated ground water15總變化系數(shù)peaking variation factor16徑流系數(shù)runoff coefficient17暴雨強(qiáng)度： rainfallintensity18重現(xiàn)期recurrence interval19降雨歷時(shí)duration of rainfall20匯水面積catchment area 21 地面集水時(shí)間inlet time，concentration time22截流倍數(shù)

interception ratio23排水泵站 drainagepumpingstation24污水泵站sewage pumping station25雨水泵站storm water pumping station 26合流污水泵站combinedsewage pumping station27一級(jí)處理

primary treatment28二級(jí)處理secondary treatment29活性污泥法activated sludge process，suspendedgrowth process30生物反應(yīng)池biological reaction tank31活性污泥activated sludge32回流污泥returned sludge33格柵 bar screen34格柵除污機(jī) bar screen machine35固定式格柵除污機(jī) fixed raking machine36移動(dòng)式格柵除污機(jī)mobile raking machine37 沉砂池 grit chamber38平流沉砂池 horizontal flow grit chamber39 曝氣沉砂池 aerated grit chamber 40旋流沉砂池 vortex-type grit chamber41 沉淀 sedimentation, settling42 初次沉淀池 primary sedimentation tank43二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation tank

平流沉淀池 horizontal sedimentation tank45 豎流沉淀池 vertical flow sedimentation tank46輻流沉淀池radial vertical flow sedimentation tank 47 斜管(板)沉淀池 inclined tube(plate)sedimentation tank48 好氧 oxic,aerobic49 厭氧 anaerobic50 缺氧 anoxic51 生物硝化 bio-nitrification52 生物反硝化 bio-denitrification53 混合液回流 mixed liquid recycle54 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal55缺氧/好氧脫氮工藝 anoxic/oxicprocess（ANO)56厭氧/好氧脫氮工anaerobic /oxic process（APO）57厭氧/缺氧/好氧脫氮除磷工藝 anaerobic/anoxic/oxicprocess（AAO,又稱A2/O)58序批式活性污泥法sequencing batch reactor（SBR）59 充水比 fill ratio60 總凱氏氮 total Kjeldahl nitrogen61總氮totalnitrogen62 總磷 total phosphorus63 好氧泥齡 oxic sludge age64泥齡sludge ag65氧化溝oxidation ditch66 好氧區(qū) oxic zone67 缺

氧區(qū) anoxic zone68 厭氧區(qū) anaerobic zone69 生物膜法 biofilm process，attached growth process70 生物接觸氧化 bio-contact oxidation 71 曝氣生物濾池 biological aerated filter(BAF)72 生物轉(zhuǎn)盤rotating biological contactor(RBC)73 塔式生物濾池 biotower74 低負(fù)荷生物濾池 low-rate trickling filters75 高負(fù)荷生物濾池 high-rate biological filters76 五日生化需氧量容積負(fù)荷 BOD5-volumetric loading rate77 表面負(fù)荷 hydraulic loading rate78 固定布水器 fixed distributor79 旋轉(zhuǎn)布水器 rotating distributor80 石料濾料 rock filtering media81 塑料填料 pastic media82 污水自然處理 natural treatment of wastewater83 土地處理 land treatment84 穩(wěn)定塘 stabilization pond85 灌溉田 sewage farming86 人工濕地artifical wetland ,constructed wetland87 污水再生利用 wastewater reuse88 深度處理 advanced treatment89 再生水 renovated water，reclaimed water90 膜過(guò)濾 membrane filtration91 顆粒活性炭吸附池 granular activated carbon adsorption tank92 紫外線ultraviolet 93 紫外線劑量 ultraviolet dose94污泥處理sludge treatment95污泥處置sludge disposal96污泥濃縮sludge thickening 97污泥脫水sludged dewatering98污泥干化sludge drying 99污泥消化sludge digestion 100厭氧消化anaerobic digestion好氧消化aerobic digestion102中溫消化mesophilic digestion 103高溫消化thermophilic digestion104原污泥raw sludge 105 初沉污泥primary sludge 106二沉污泥secondary sludge 107 剩余污泥excess activated sludge108 消化污泥digested sludge109 消化池digester110 消化時(shí)間digest time111 揮發(fā)性固體volatile solids112 揮發(fā)性固體去除率removal percentage of volatile solid113 揮發(fā)性固體容積負(fù)荷cubage load of volatile solids114污泥氣sludge gas污泥氣燃燒器sludge gas burner116 回火防止器backfire preventer污泥熱干化sludge heat drying118污泥焚燒sludge incineration污泥綜合利用 sludge integrated application污泥土地利用 sludge land application污泥農(nóng)用sludge farm application

第二篇：環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)歷

RESUME

**

Zhou

Environment Engineering of *** University,Nanjing(123456)Address: No.1 Xikang Road Nanjing E-mail:Mobile: +86-***-****-****

A related professional job(Environment Engineering)in your company.Can from the grass-roots work to start, hard work, and actively practice, improve and enrich technical and social experience.? Sep , 2012June, 2012***University of Environment for Bachelor’s degree Majoring

in Environment Engineering.? 2010 as an intern in the Wang Tong sewage treatment plant in **;

? 2010 June ,in the JieNeng Environmental Protection Equipment Co.,Ltd.work as a salesman.? 2011, Have internship experiences in *** solid waste treatment center, China Resources

Snow Breweries in **, and so on.? Good command of both written English(CET Band 6)and fluent spoken ,fluent and

proficient communication in both spoken and written English.So can adapt quickly to work in a Sino-American joint venture.? Sound knowledge with software such as Windows, Office Software, PhotoShop, CAD,master

the basic knowledge of C language , master in the internet, etc.? Received a full range of university-based education by good professional training and ability,have a solid theoretical basis and practical experience in various fields of environmental pollution and its governance, strong ability in field practice and research analysis, Get the thesis first prize in University.? In university acted as reporter and proofreader of the College publication.All the work can be

done very cautious.?

? ?

?

In 2010,attended college students “Venture Challenge Cup” Design Competition.In 2011,attended The English Speaking Competition in university and got the third prize.Took participate in the Youth Essay Competition and won the excellent prize.Awarded excellent correspondent when participate the sports competition in university.

第三篇：環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)考題

life expectancy：耐用期限，平均壽命 poverty-stricken：貧窮的，貧困的，貧乏的smog-laden air：煙霧彌漫的天空global conditions ：全球狀況 haves and have-nots：

富人和窮人 underprivileged ：社會(huì)地位低下的，相對(duì)貧困的，生活水平低下的，弱勢(shì)的savanna：熱帶大草原，稀樹草原 predator：食肉動(dòng)物，捕食者 environmental disruptions：

環(huán)境破壞，環(huán)境失調(diào) primary pollutant一次大氣污染物 secondary pollutant 二次大氣污

染物 Air nitrous oxide一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide一氧化氮NOnitrogen dioxide

二氧化氮(NO2)soot煤煙 dust 灰塵smog煙霧 ozone 臭氧 herbicide 除草劑 pesticide殺蟲劑 / 農(nóng)藥 VOC 揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物APC 大氣污染控制 Regulatory program調(diào)整項(xiàng)目Financial support財(cái)政支持 Operating cost操作成本 Biodegradation capacity

生物降解能力Environmental media 環(huán)境介質(zhì) Biological生物學(xué)的 Technologies技術(shù)、工藝 Inorganic air pollutants無(wú)機(jī)大氣污染物treatment facilities處理設(shè)備

per capita per day每人每天 municipality市政當(dāng)局,自治市 population equivalent人口當(dāng)量 basement flooding地下室浸水 runoff排水 domestic sewage生活

污水 type of terrain地形種類 land disposal掩埋處置 fecal coliform糞大腸菌群

stringent effluent requirement嚴(yán)格的廢水排assimilation capacity同化能力

practical outlets可行的排出途徑，現(xiàn)實(shí)出aquatic life水生生物 detrimental to human

health 對(duì)人體健康有endogenous phase內(nèi)源〔生長(zhǎng)〕期 flow monitoring流量監(jiān)測(cè)

equipment age and reliability裝備老化及其可靠性 mechanistic facilities機(jī)械設(shè)備

microbial activity微生物活性 activated sludge活性污泥 controlling respiration控制呼

吸 oxidation ditches氧化溝 on-line automation在線自動(dòng)〔監(jiān)測(cè)〕Precision and accuracy

精密度和準(zhǔn)確度Bulk collection 大量收集Matrix material 原材料Analysis sequence 分析序

列Multivariate statistics 多元統(tǒng)計(jì)Interactive effect 相互影響

農(nóng)藥—pesticide化肥—chemical fertilizer有機(jī)廢物—organic wastes 微生物

—microorganism / microbe衰減—attenuation阻滯的—retardant / blocking稀釋—dilution添加劑—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生--regeneration

出口outlet多管高效旋風(fēng)分離器multitube high-efficiency cyclone 合成纖維 synthetic

fabric 捕集效率collection efficiency 機(jī)械洗滌mechanical scrubbing 壓力降pressure

drop 焚化爐 incinerator 氣體離子gas ion 捕集板collection surface 碳黑carbon

black 尾氣off-gas 可應(yīng)用性applicability工業(yè)規(guī)模full-scale 土壤床soil bed 生物

過(guò)濾biofilter 固定資本fixed capital易生物降解的 easily biodegraded手動(dòng)控制operator

control/ manual control 最優(yōu)化minimize the effects 微處理器microprocessor 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

statistical analysis 質(zhì)量衡算mass balance 動(dòng)力學(xué)dynamics 氧化還原oxidation and

reduction /redox 停留時(shí)間residence time 模擬simulation 參數(shù)parameter 水解

hydrolysis 積分integral

第四篇：環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Unit22（最終版）

Unit22聲音和噪音

我們聽(tīng)到的是所謂的聲音。其中運(yùn)動(dòng)和聲音之間的關(guān)系是字，這意味著一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，安靜的使用建議。

我們可以推斷，那么，這聲音是與運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)。運(yùn)動(dòng)是能量的一種形式。聲音必須產(chǎn)生一些傳輸通過(guò)一些手段，我們的耳朵可以檢測(cè)其運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量來(lái)源。

地球上的正常條件下的聲音在空氣中的速度是334米/秒。如飛機(jī)的任何對(duì)象，傳播比聲音慢說(shuō)是亞音速的速度更快的是超音速。聲波是它們傳播的媒介，擾亂了正常密度的壓縮和擴(kuò)張的繼承。

這種類型的波被稱為彈性波，任何給定的聲音的音高是由產(chǎn)生的波的頻率。一個(gè)給定的聲音的能量，但是，沒(méi)有確定的頻率，波長(zhǎng)，波的速度。聲功率是響度，但兩者是不一樣的。

噪聲可以被定義為不受歡迎的聲音。然而，這個(gè)概念很簡(jiǎn)單，但它并沒(méi)有教導(dǎo)我們?nèi)绾晤A(yù)測(cè)的聲音將不喜歡。畢竟，一個(gè)給定的聲音可能是愉快的時(shí)候軟，但噪音響亮的，可接受的時(shí)間很短，但噪音時(shí)延長(zhǎng)，耐人尋味時(shí)的節(jié)奏，但噪音時(shí)，隨機(jī)重復(fù)，或合理的，當(dāng)你使它但是當(dāng)別人的噪音。的所有屬性，區(qū)分有用和無(wú)用的聲音，我們一般認(rèn)為最重要的是響度。

在任何情況下，響度往往是惱人的，因此，他響亮的聲音，更可能是被視為噪音。尚未有其他細(xì)微之處，使問(wèn)題復(fù)雜化。人們往往聯(lián)想與電源噪聲。

更難以修改的，或許是與社會(huì)的認(rèn)可協(xié)會(huì)的噪音。就是這樣的情況下，過(guò)于頻繁，大聲講話，一個(gè)響亮的摩托車，嘈雜的音樂(lè)，特別是玩具槍和鞭炮。

響度是能源，壓力或頻率，或任何東西可以用物理儀器測(cè)量。響度是轟動(dòng)，如果你想知道一個(gè)聲音是多么響亮，你必須從聽(tīng)到它的人得到了答案。

但是，它有可能獲得有用的信息，從儀器測(cè)量一些物理性質(zhì)，是關(guān)系到人類感知的響度的聲音。措施健全的儀器稱為分貝計(jì)，和值的規(guī)模被稱為分貝（簡(jiǎn)稱DB）的規(guī)模。這是設(shè)置如下：

（1）規(guī)模從零dB，這代表了最柔軟的人耳聽(tīng)到的聲音。

（2）每個(gè)聲音強(qiáng)度增加十倍是一個(gè)額外的L0 dB.Thus表示，10分貝的聲音是微弱的響音激烈L0倍。在一個(gè)安靜的圖書館的聲壓級(jí)是微弱的響音激烈的約1000倍。因此，庫(kù)中的聲級(jí)10 10 10或30分貝。

（3）分貝水平?jīng)]有直接的添加劑。如果一個(gè)沙沙葉是發(fā)聲的最微弱的聲音強(qiáng)度的10倍，兩個(gè)沙沙作響的樹葉激烈，不是100次激烈的20倍，而20分貝響亮。這將需要10沙沙作響的樹葉為激烈的10倍，只有這樣，分貝至20分貝。

回應(yīng)聲壓分貝米，所以人耳，但人耳的響應(yīng)聲音的音質(zhì)，特別是它的頻率，因此它是重要的，我們了解這些非常有趣的屬性。

第五篇：2014環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)大作業(yè)

廣西大學(xué)課程考試試卷

專業(yè)英語(yǔ)大作業(yè)

一、翻譯

1.The breadth and complexity of the environmental problems we face and the scientific, economic and social impediments to their solution emphasize how important it is that environmental scientists and engineers gain an appreciation for the processes and functioning of all environmental compartments — air, soil, water, and energy — and intentionally account for the long-term consequences and sustainability of the actions they propose, whether they be preventative or remedial.我們所面臨的環(huán)境問(wèn)題的廣度和復(fù)雜程度以及對(duì)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的科學(xué)的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的、社會(huì)的阻礙，都集中到了這樣一個(gè)重要性：環(huán)境科學(xué)家與工程師們獲得一個(gè)對(duì)多有環(huán)境因素諸如空氣、石油、水、能量的流程和功能的判斷，有意闡明所提議的行為的長(zhǎng)期結(jié)果和可持續(xù)發(fā)展性，是否他們（環(huán)境問(wèn)題）可以預(yù)防和補(bǔ)救。

2.As these next-generation technologies are considered, the selection of those for further development and implementation ought to consider a broadened definition of performance to include improved water quality and quantity as well as energy and materials consumption, ecosystem function at the source and sink, life-cycle impacts, and human-health outcomes.這些被認(rèn)為是下一代技術(shù),它們進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)和實(shí)現(xiàn)的選擇應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮改善水質(zhì)量和數(shù)量,以及能源和材料消耗, 在源和水槽,生命周期的影響、人類健康結(jié)果的影響的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的定義。

3.The next step is to combine the exposure data with so-called exposure–response(or concentration–response)functions(the quantified relationship between health risk and exposure to air pollution)and data for the actual frequency in the given area of, for example, deaths and hospital admissions due to air-pollution-related diseases.考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開(kāi)

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下一步是把曝光數(shù)據(jù)與所謂的曝光–反應(yīng)（或濃度–響應(yīng)）功能(健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和暴露于空氣污染之間的量化關(guān)系)和數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)際頻率的特定區(qū)域（例如，死亡和因空氣污染住院的）相結(jié)合

4.Environmental engineers must seek to understand the nature and functioning of large and complex systems in order to protect whole ecosystems, produce new and sustainable technologies, prevent the outbreak of diseases across global scales, and protect the environment from damage resulting from the production of new chemicals.環(huán)境工程師必須去理解性質(zhì)和功能大而復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),以保護(hù)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生新的、可持續(xù)的技術(shù),防止疾病的疫情在全球范圍傳播,保護(hù)環(huán)境免受新化學(xué)物質(zhì)的破壞。

5.With increased scientific knowledge derived from laboratory studies and environmental monitoring concerning the impacts of the residual constituents found in secondary effluent, it is anticipated that many of the methods now classified as advanced will become conventional within the next 5 to 10 years.隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究和環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)有關(guān)發(fā)現(xiàn)二級(jí)污水中殘留成分的影響，科學(xué)知識(shí)在急劇增加，預(yù)計(jì),有許多現(xiàn)在列為先進(jìn)的技術(shù)將在未來(lái)5至10年成為傳統(tǒng)的方法。

6.Nonselective in their mode of attack and able to operate at normal temperature and pressures, hydroxyl radicals are capable of oxidizing almost all reduced materials present without restriction to specific classes or groups of compounds, as compared to other oxidants.相比其他氧化劑，它們能夠在非選擇性的攻擊模式、在正常的溫度和壓力下,減少幾乎所有材料的羥基自由基的氧化能力，然而現(xiàn)在它們沒(méi)有被劃分到具體的類或化合物組，7.International development organizations and human rights groups increasingly insist, however, that environmental problems that deprive vulnerable populations in developing countries of access to shelter, water, or food or that spread diseases, whatever the sources, are security issues.雖然環(huán)境問(wèn)題剝奪了發(fā)展中國(guó)家的弱勢(shì)群體獲得庇護(hù)的權(quán)利, 但是, 國(guó)際發(fā)展組織和人權(quán)考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開(kāi)

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組織越來(lái)越多的堅(jiān)持水,和食物,或者無(wú)論如何產(chǎn)生的傳播疾病都是最重要的安全問(wèn)題。

8.Encouraged by funds appropriated by governments that are motivated by public interest, researchers have turned their research to evaluate damage or potential damage to the “environment”

to humans, other species, or systems that need to be protected.出于公共利益,由政府撥款的鼓勵(lì)基金支持研究人員用他們的研究來(lái)評(píng)估傷害或潛在傷害人類的“環(huán)境”, 需要保護(hù)的其他物種或系統(tǒng)，9.The North China Plain bounded by the Hai, Huai, and Yellow rivers has 33% of China’s population and generates the same national percentage of gross domestic product(GDP)and industrial output, yet only shares 7.7% of the national water resources.Conversely, 21.3% of the country’s water resources are in the southwest, but that region accounts for only 0.7% of the national GDP and industrial output.華北平原有東海,淮河和黃河，擁有中國(guó)33%的人口和相同比例的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)和工業(yè)產(chǎn)出,但卻只有7.7%的國(guó)家水資源。相反,我國(guó)21.3%的水資源在西南地區(qū),但該地區(qū)僅占國(guó)家GDP和工業(yè)產(chǎn)值的0.7%。

10.The projection is based on a wide range of assumptions about the main forces driving future emissions(such as population growth and technological change)but does not reflect any efforts to control emissions due to concerns about climate change.這個(gè)投影是基于驅(qū)動(dòng)未來(lái)的碳排放的主要因素(人口增長(zhǎng)和技術(shù)變革等)一系列假設(shè),但并不能反映由于人們對(duì)氣候變化的擔(dān)憂而控制排放的努力。

11.As developing nations industrialize, pollutant concentrations and the numbers of exposed individuals increase;as new chemicals are added to our environment we discover more complex and troubling impacts;as we more carefully monitor ecosystems, we become more alarmed at the threats our activities have on the very fabric of life on Earth.當(dāng)發(fā)展中國(guó)家正在工業(yè)化時(shí)，污染物聚集程度以及暴露在這些化學(xué)品影響之下的人數(shù)都在考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開(kāi)

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廣西大學(xué)課程考試試卷

逐漸增加；當(dāng)新的化學(xué)物質(zhì)被應(yīng)用到我們?nèi)粘－h(huán)境中時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的復(fù)雜和麻煩的影響；當(dāng)我們?cè)絹?lái)越細(xì)心仔細(xì)的監(jiān)視著生態(tài)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，我們也變的對(duì)由我們自己日?；顒?dòng)給地球上基本生活結(jié)構(gòu)帶來(lái)的威脅越來(lái)越警覺(jué)。

12.Recognition of this interconnectedness has led the African Development Bank and other development organizations to agree that integrating adaptation responses into development planning, which includes improvements in water and sanitation, is an important way to address climate change impacts on the poor.識(shí)別的互聯(lián)性導(dǎo)致了非洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行和其他開(kāi)發(fā)組織同意將適應(yīng)反應(yīng)集成到發(fā)展規(guī)劃中,其中包括改善水和衛(wèi)生設(shè)施這一個(gè)重要的方法來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化對(duì)窮人的影響

13.Research is ongoing to determine(1)the environmental effects of potential toxic and biologically active substances found in wastewater and(2)how these substances can be removed by both conventional and advanced wastewater-treatment processes.研究確定：(1)廢水的環(huán)境具有潛在的毒性并可以對(duì)生物活性物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生影響(2)如何利用傳統(tǒng)和先進(jìn)的污水處理工藝發(fā)現(xiàn)這些物質(zhì)

14.For example, a qualitative test may involve the use of a reagent which develops a colour in the presence of the analyte.However, below a certain concentration or detection limit the colour will not be detectable.Thus, the qualitative test is quantitative also in the sense that it can only show that the analyte concentration does not exceed a certain detection limit.例如,定性試驗(yàn)可能涉及使用試劑開(kāi)發(fā)分析物存在的色彩。然而,低于一定濃度或檢測(cè)極限的顏色不會(huì)被檢測(cè)到。因此,定性試驗(yàn)在某種意義上只能顯示濃度不超過(guò)一定的檢出限的分析物

15.Much of the environment damage caused by developments occurs during the construction phase, and a problem is that construction is usually contracted to a construction company who will not have participated in the EIA process, and over whom the developer may have little control.許多損害環(huán)境的事是發(fā)生在施工階段,其中一個(gè)問(wèn)題是,施工單位通常是一個(gè)不會(huì)參與環(huán)境考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開(kāi)

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廣西大學(xué)課程考試試卷

影響評(píng)價(jià)的公司,而且開(kāi)發(fā)人員也可能會(huì)無(wú)法控制

16.Nevertheless, the general direction and boundaries of that trajectory can be established through a combination of knowledge of the damaged ecosystem’s pre-existing structure ,composition and functioning, studies on comparable intact ecosystems, information about regional environmental conditions, and analysis of other ecological, cultural and historical reference information.然而,總的方向和邊界的軌跡可以通過(guò)知識(shí)的結(jié)合建立受損生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的預(yù)先存在的結(jié)構(gòu)、組成和功能,比較完整的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),研究區(qū)域環(huán)境條件、信息和分析其他生態(tài)、文化和歷史的參考信息等

17.The story of MTBE provides another example of unintended consequences.MTBE was first added to gasoline in the early 1980s to replace the octane enhancer tetraethyllead and to help clean the air by reducing exhaust emissions.Inadvertent leakage from cars and storage tanks, however, has led to MTBE contamination of groundwater, including drinking water sources, in many parts of the United States.MTBE的故事提供了一個(gè)意想不到的后果。MTBE在1980年代初首次添加到汽油代替辛烷增強(qiáng)器四乙基鉛,并通過(guò)減少?gòu)U氣排放幫助清潔空氣。然而,卻因不慎從汽車和儲(chǔ)油罐泄漏,導(dǎo)致了MTBE污染美國(guó)許多地區(qū)包括飲用水來(lái)源的地下水.18.In the simplest circumstances, restoration consists of removing or modifying a specific disturbance, thereby allowing ecological processes to bring about an independent recovery.For example, removing a dam allows the return of an historical flooding regime.在最簡(jiǎn)單的情況下,去除或修改一個(gè)特定的干擾組分,從而為生態(tài)過(guò)程帶來(lái)一個(gè)獨(dú)立的復(fù)蘇。例如,移除一個(gè)大壩使洪水可以發(fā)生.19.Because of the extensive research into the mechanisms of BNR, the advantages of its use, and the number of BNR systems that have been placed into operation, nutrient removal, for all practical purposes, has become a part of conventional wastewater treatment.考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開(kāi)

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因?yàn)閷?duì)BNR機(jī)制進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,BNR系統(tǒng)具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)使它已投入生產(chǎn), 并且出于實(shí)用的目的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物去除 ,已成為傳統(tǒng)廢水處理的一部分

20.The municipal wastewater treatment enterprise is composed of over 16,000 plants that are used to treat a total flow of about 1400 cubic meters per second(m3/s).Approximately 92 percent of the total existing flow is handled by plants having a capacity of 0.044 m3/s and larger.市政污水處理企業(yè)有16000多個(gè)設(shè)備用于治理總流量約1400立方米/秒(立方米/秒)的污水。大約 92%的總現(xiàn)有的流程是由具有 0.044 m3/s和更大能力的設(shè)備處理的。

作文

1.Read one of the following reading materials, and write abstract about it(100 words)(1)Unit1, Reading Material A

(2)Unit13, Reading Material B Advanced oxidation processes are used to oxidize complex organic constituents found in wastewater that are difficult to degrade biologically into simpler end products.Included theory of advanced oxidation,technologies used to produce hydroxy radicals,(ozone/UV, hydrogen peroxide/UV).Besides, the reading material tell our oxidation of refractory organic compounds and operational problems.(3)Unit 7, Reading Material A

2.Choose one of the following topic, then write an article to express your opinion(150 words)What are the differences and relationships between the four terms, global warming, greenhouse effect, and climate change?

Global warming and the greenhouse effect is mainly due to the modern industrial 考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開(kāi)

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廣西大學(xué)課程考試試卷

society burning too much coal, oil and natural gas release large amounts of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere.However, State of climate change is the average climate change with time, the state that climate average and deviation(analyzed)both in one or two there was statistically significant change together.We know that there are many common relationship between global warming, greenhouse effect, and climate change.Carbon dioxide emissions from excess greenhouse effect, at the same time can also cause global warming.The greenhouse effect and global warming lead to climate change.三、作業(yè)說(shuō)明

1.作業(yè)需獨(dú)立完成，可以查閱資料、字典等，但不能互相討論，如發(fā)現(xiàn)有雷同的答案或是作文，本門課程成績(jī)作廢；

2.作業(yè)完成時(shí)間為兩周，請(qǐng)學(xué)習(xí)委員于2014年11月24日前收齊作業(yè)的紙質(zhì)版和電子版，紙質(zhì)版交到環(huán)境學(xué)院119辦公室，電子版發(fā)送至郵箱wendy992918@sina.com。

考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開(kāi)

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