第一篇：比爾蓋茨在斯坦福大學的演講

比爾蓋茨在斯坦福大學的演講

主講人介紹：比爾·蓋茨是微軟公司主席和首席軟件架構師。微軟公司在個人計算和商業(yè)計算軟件、服務和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術方面都是全球范圍內的領導者。在2002年6月截止的上個財年，微軟公司的收入達283.7億美元，在78個國家和地區(qū)開展業(yè)務，全球的員工總數(shù)超過50,000人。

內容：比爾·蓋茨于2008年02月20日在斯坦福大學發(fā)表了一次演講，主題是“軟件、創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)業(yè)和回饋”。

比爾·蓋茨(Bill Gates)2008年02月19日 在斯坦福大學發(fā)表了一次演講，主題是“軟件、創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)業(yè)和回饋”。

蓋茨首先談了軟件在下一個數(shù)字十年可以做哪些事情。同第一個數(shù)字十年相比，第二個數(shù)字十年將帶來更大的變化，這主要得益于此前打下的堅實基礎。到目前為止，全球已經(jīng)擁有超過10億臺PC，手機用戶達到幾十億人，寬帶互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶也達到幾億人。中國的寬帶用戶人數(shù)已經(jīng)超越美國，而且美國無力再反超。美國只有PC和軟件市場還大于中國。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓世界變得更小。PC最初主要用于編輯文檔，現(xiàn)在用于收發(fā)電子郵件和內容，而未來一切都將數(shù)字化。PC的普及將給每一個行業(yè)帶來影響，甚至包括教育行業(yè)。

考慮到軟件所能發(fā)揮的巨大作用，我們對未來應當有更大的“野心”。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及，全世界的人越來越緊密的連接在一起，軟件為他們提供了更好的工具，創(chuàng)新將加速這一過程。

存儲容量將呈幾何級數(shù)增長，晶體管也是如此。但是，處理器主頻將會遭遇瓶頸，過去幾年不斷提升的局面不復存在。

消費者最需要的數(shù)字產(chǎn)品包括：可以占據(jù)家中每面墻的低價顯示屏；可以識別人的動作和身份的攝像頭，而且價錢不貴；鍵盤和鼠標將被其它交互技術所取代，例如Wii控制器和iPod觸摸屏等等；TellMe軟件被移植到手機平臺，可以更加準確地識別語音；延長筆記本的待機時間；計算機不僅位于桌面，還可以位于桌內，桌面就是一個顯示屏。

電視將變得更加個性化，更加具有互動性。孩子可以觀看體育比賽，而其它人可以觀看HD DVD高清晰電影。廣告將更具針對性，而觀看則更具互動性。我們已經(jīng)習慣于有限的電視體驗，被迫觀看哪些乏味的電視節(jié)目，這種情況未來將會發(fā)生變化。

對于一家公司來說，研發(fā)是最好的投資之一。微軟在研發(fā)方面的投入高達60億美元以上，而且分布在全球各地。

第二篇：比爾蓋茨夫婦在斯坦福大學的演講-2014

Text of the 2014 Commencement Address by Bill and Melinda Gates

Following is the text of the address by Bill and Melinda Gates, philanthropists and cochairs of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as prepared for delivery at Stanford University's 123rd Commencement on June 15, 2014.Bill Gates: Congratulations, Class of 2014!Melinda and I are excited to be here.It would be a thrill for anyone to be invited to speak at a Stanford Commencement – but it's especially gratifying for us.Stanford is rapidly becoming the favorite university for members of our family.And it's long been a favorite university for Microsoft and our foundation.Our formula has been to get the smartest, most creative people working on the most important problems.It turns out that a disproportionate number of those people are at Stanford.Right now, we have more than 30 foundation research projects underway with Stanford.When we want to learn more about the immune system to help cure the worst diseases, we work with Stanford.When we want to understand the changing landscape of higher education in the United States so that more low-income students get college degrees, we work with Stanford.This is where genius lives.There is a flexibility of mind here – an openness to change, an eagerness for what's new.This is where people come to discover the future and have fun doing it.Melinda Gates: Some people call you nerds – and you claim the label with pride.Bill: Well, so do we.There are so many remarkable things going on here at this campus.But if Melinda and I had to put into one word what we love most about Stanford, it's the optimism.There's an infectious feeling here that innovation can solve almost every problem.That's the belief that drove me, in 1975, to leave a college in the suburbs of Boston and go on an endless leave of absence.I believed that the magic of computers and software would empower people everywhere and make the world much, much better.It's been almost 40 years since then, and 20 years since Melinda and I were married.We are both more optimistic now than ever.But on our journey together, our optimism evolved.We'd like to tell you what we learned – and talk to you today about how your optimism and ours can do more – for more people.When Paul Allen and I started Microsoft, we wanted to bring the power of computers and software to the people – and that was the kind of rhetoric we used.One of the pioneering books in the field had a raised fist on the cover, and it was called Computer Lib.At that time, only big businesses could buy computers.We wanted to offer the same power to regular people – and democratize computing.By the 1990s, we saw how profoundly personal computers could empower people.But that success created a new dilemma: If rich kids got computers and poor kids didn't, then technology would make inequality worse.That ran counter to our core belief: Technology should benefit everybody.So we worked to close the digital divide.I made it a priority at Microsoft, and Melinda and I made it an early priority at our foundation – donating personal computers to public libraries to make sure everyone had access.The digital divide was a focus of mine in 1997 when I took my first trip to South Africa.I went there on business, so I spent most of my time in meetings in downtown Johannesburg.I stayed in the home of one of the richest families in South Africa.It had only been three years since the election of Nelson Mandela marked the end of apartheid.When I sat down for dinner with my hosts, they used a bell to call the butler.After dinner, the men and women separated, and the men smoked cigars.I thought, “Good thing I read Jane Austen, or I wouldn't have known what was going on.” The next day I went to Soweto – the poor township southwest of Johannesburg that had been a center of the anti-apartheid movement.It was a short distance from the city into the township, but the entry was sudden, jarring, and harsh.I passed into a world completely unlike the one I came from.My visit to Soweto became an early lesson in how na?ve I was.Microsoft was donating computers and software to a community center there – the kind of thing we did in the United States.But it became clear to me very quickly that this was not the United States.I had seen statistics on poverty, but I had never really seen poverty.The people there lived in corrugated tin shacks with no electricity, no water, no toilets.Most people didn't wear shoes;they walked barefoot along the streets.Except there were no streets – just ruts in the mud.The community center had no consistent source of power, so they had rigged up an extension cord that ran about 200 feet from the center to a diesel generator outside.Looking at the setup, I knew the minute the reporters and I left, the generator would get moved to a more urgent task, and the people who used the community center would go back to worrying about challenges that couldn't be solved by a PC.When I gave my prepared remarks to the press, I said: “Soweto is a milestone.There are major decisions ahead about whether technology will leave the developing world behind.This is to close the gap.” As I was reading those words, I knew they were irrelevant.What I didn't say was: “By the way, we're not focused on the fact that half a million people on this continent are dying every year from malaria.But we're sure as hell going to bring you computers.” Before I went to Soweto, I thought I understood the world's problems, but I was blind to the most important ones.I was so taken aback by what I saw that I had to ask myself, “Do I still believe that innovation can solve the world's toughest problems?” I promised myself that before I came back to Africa, I would find out more about what keeps people poor.Over the years, Melinda and I did learn more about the most pressing needs of the poor.On a later trip to South Africa, I paid a visit to a hospital for patients with MDR-TB, or multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, a disease with a cure rate of under 50 percent.I remember that hospital as a place of despair.It was a giant open ward with a sea of patients shuffling around in pajamas, wearing masks.There was one floor just for children, including some babies lying in bed.They had a little school for the kids who were well enough to learn, but many of the children couldn't make it, and the hospital didn't seem to know whether it was worth it to keep the school open.I talked to a patient there in her early thirties.She had been a worker at a TB hospital when she came down with a cough.She went to a doctor, and he told her she had drug-resistant TB.She was later diagnosed with AIDS.She wasn't going to live much longer, but there were plenty of MDR patients waiting to take her bed when she vacated it.This was hell with a waiting list.But seeing hell didn't reduce my optimism;it channelled it.I got in the car and told the doctor who was working with us: “Yeah, I know.MDR-TB is hard to cure.But we should be able to do something for these people.” This year, we're entering phase three with a new TB drug regime.For patients who respond, instead of a 50 percent cure rate after 18 months for $2,000, we could get an 80-90 percent cure rate after six months for under $100.That's better by a factor of a hundred.Optimism is often dismissed as false hope.But there is also false hopelessness.That's the attitude that says we can't defeat poverty and disease.We absolutely can.Melinda: Bill called me after he visited the TB hospital.Ordinarily, if we're calling from a trip, we just go through the agenda of the day: “Here's what I did;here's where I went;here's who I met.” But this call was different.He said: “Melinda, I've gone somewhere I've never been before” and then he choked up and couldn't talk.Finally he just said: “I'll tell you when I get home.” I knew what he was going through.When you see people with so little hope, it breaks your heart.But if you want to do the most, you have to see the worst.That's what Bill was doing that day.I've had days like that, too.Ten years ago, I travelled to India with friends.On the last day there, I spent some time meeting with prostitutes.I expected to talk to them about the risk of AIDS, but they wanted to talk about stigma.Most of these women had been abandoned by their husbands, and that's why they'd gone into prostitution.They were trying to make enough money to feed their kids.They were so low in the eyes of society that they could be raped and robbed and beaten by anybody – even by police – and nobody cared.Talking to them about their lives was so moving to me.But what I remember most is how much they wanted to touch me and be touched.It was as if physical contact somehow proved their worth.As I was leaving, we took a photo of all of us with our arms linked together.Later that day, I spent some time in a home for the dying.I walked into a large hall and saw rows and rows of cots.Every cot was attended except for one far off in the corner that no one was going near, so I walked over there.The patient was a woman who seemed to be in her thirties.I remember her eyes.She had these huge, brown, sorrowful eyes.She was emaciated, on the verge of death.Her intestines weren't holding anything – so they had put her on a cot with a hole cut out in the bottom, and everything just poured through into a pan below.I could tell she had AIDS, both from the way she looked, and the fact that she was off in the corner alone.The stigma of AIDS is vicious – especially for women – and the punishment is abandonment.When I arrived at her cot, I suddenly felt totally helpless.I had absolutely nothing I could offer her.I knew I couldn't save her, but I didn't want her to be alone.So I knelt down next to her and reached out to touch her – and as soon as she felt my hand, she grabbed it and wouldn't let go.We sat there holding hands, and even though I knew she couldn't understand me, I just started saying: “It's okay.It's okay.It's not your fault.It's not your fault.” We had been there together for a while when she pointed upward with her finger.It took me some time to figure out that she wanted to go up to the roof and sit outside while it was still light out.I asked one of the workers if that would be okay, but she was overwhelmed by all the patients she had to care for.She said: “She's in the last stages of dying, and I have to pass out medicine.” Then I asked another, and got the same answer.It was getting late and the sun was going down, and I had to leave, and no one seemed willing to take her upstairs.So finally I just scooped her up – she was just skin over a skeleton, just a sack of bones – and I carried her up the stairs.On the roof, there were a few of those plastic chairs that will blow over in a strong breeze, and I set her down on one of those, and I helped prop her feet up on another, and I placed a blanket over her legs.And she sat there with her face to the west, watching the sunset.I made sure the workers knew that she was up there so they would come get her after the sun went down.Then I had to leave her.But she never left me.I felt completely and totally inadequate in the face of this woman's death.But sometimes it's the people you can't help who inspire you the most.I knew that the sex workers I linked arms with in the morning could become the woman I carried upstairs in the evening – unless they found a way to defy the stigma that hung over their lives.Over the past 10 years, our foundation has helped sex workers build support groups so they could empower each other to speak out for safe sex and demand that their clients use condoms.Their brave efforts helped keep HIV prevalence low among sex workers, and a lot of studies show that is a big reason why the AIDS epidemic in India hasn't exploded.When these sex workers gathered together to help stop AIDS transmission, something unexpected and wonderful happened.The community they formed became a platform for everything.They were able to set up speed-dial networks to respond to violent attacks.Police and others who raped and robbed them couldn't get away with it anymore.The women set up systems to encourage savings.They used financial services that helped some of them start businesses and get out of sex work.This was all done by people society considered the lowliest of the low.Optimism for me isn't a passive expectation that things will get better;it's a conviction that we can make things better – that whatever suffering we see, no matter how bad it is, we can help people if we don't lose hope and we don't look away.Bill: Melinda and I have described some devastating scenes.But we want to make the strongest case we can for the power of optimism.Even in dire situations, optimism can fuel innovation and lead to new tools to eliminate suffering.But if you never really see the people who are suffering, your optimism can't help them.You will never change their world.And that brings me to what I see as a paradox.The world of science and technology is driving phenomenal innovations – and Stanford stands at the center of that, creating new companies, prize-winning professors, ingenious software, miracle drugs, and amazing graduates.We're on the verge of mind-blowing breakthroughs in what human beings can do for each other.And people here are really excited about the future.At the same time, if you ask people across the United States, “Is the future going to be better than the past?” most people will say: “No.My kids will be worse off than I am.” They think innovation won't make the world better for them or for their children.So who's right? The people who say innovation will create new possibilities and make the world better? …or… The people who see a trend toward inequality and a decline in opportunity and don't think innovation will change that? The pessimists are wrong in my view, but they're not crazy.If technology is purely market-driven and we don't focus innovation on the big inequities, then we could have amazing inventions that leave the world even more divided.We won't improve public schools.We won't cure malaria.We won't end poverty.We won't develop the innovations poor farmers need to grow food in a changing climate.If our optimism doesn't address the problems that affect so many of our fellow human beings, then our optimism needs more empathy.If empathy channelled our optimism, we would see the poverty and the disease and the poor schools, we would answer with our innovations, and we would surprise the pessimists.Over the next generation, you Stanford graduates will lead a new wave of innovation and apply it to your world.Which problems will you decide to solve? If your world is wide, you can create the future we all want.If your world is narrow, you may create the future the pessimists fear.I started learning in Soweto that if we're going to make our optimism matter to everyone and empower people everywhere, we have to see the lives of those most in need.If we have optimism, but we don't have empathy – then it doesn't matter how much we master the secrets of science, we're not really solving problems;we're just working on puzzles.I think most of you have a broader worldview than I had at your age.You can do better at this than I did.If you put your hearts and minds to it, you can surprise the pessimists.We can't wait to see it.Melinda: Let your heart break.It will change what you do with your optimism.On a trip to South Asia, I met a desperately poor mother who brought me her two small children and implored me: “Please take them home with you.” When I begged her forgiveness and said I could not, she said: “Then please take one.” On another trip, to South Los Angeles, I was talking to a group of high school students from a tough neighbourhood when one young woman said to me: “Do you ever feel like we are just somebody else's kids whose parents shirked their responsibilities, that we're all just leftovers?” These women made my heart break – and still do.And the empathy intensifies if I admit to myself: “That could be me.” When I talk with the mothers I meet during my travels, I see that there is no difference at all in what we want for our children.The only difference is our ability to give it to them.What accounts for that difference? Bill and I talk about this with our kids at the dinner table.Bill worked incredibly hard and took risks and made sacrifices for success.But there is another essential ingredient of success, and that ingredient is luck – absolute and total luck.When were you born? Who were your parents? Where did you grow up? None of us earned these things.They were given to us.When we strip away our luck and privilege and consider where we'd be without them, it becomes easier to see someone who's poor and sick and say “that could be me.” This is empathy;it tears down barriers and opens up new frontiers for optimism.So here is our appeal to you: As you leave Stanford, take your genius and your optimism and your empathy and go change the world in ways that will make millions of others optimistic as well.You don't have to rush.You have careers to launch, debts to pay, spouses to meet and marry.That's enough for now.But in the course of your lives, without any plan on your part, you'll come to see suffering that will break your heart.When it happens, and it will, don't turn away from it;turn toward it.That is the moment when change is born.Congratulations and good luck.

第三篇：比爾蓋茨夫婦斯坦福大學2014年畢業(yè)典禮演講

Stanford Stanford University 斯坦福大學

Bill and Melinda Gates 比爾蓋茨夫婦 Bill：Congratulations, class of 2014!祝賀2014屆畢業(yè)生！

Melinda and I are excited to be here.我和梅琳達很高興能來到這里。

It would be a thrill for anyone to be invited to speak at a Stanford commencement, but it’s especially gratifying for us.能受邀到斯坦福做畢業(yè)演講對于任何人來說都是一件令人激動的事情, 我們尤是如此。Stanford is rapidly becoming the favorite university for members of our family, and it’s long been a favorite university for Microsoft and our foundation.斯坦福正迅速成為我們家人最喜歡的一所大學，它也一直是微軟以及我們基金會最偏愛的一所大學。

Our formula has been to get the smartest, most creative people working on the most important problems.我們喜歡招募最聰明最有創(chuàng)造性的人去解決最重要的問題。

It turns out that a disproportionate number of thost people are at Stanford.事實證明，我們這里很大一部分人都來自于斯坦福。

Right now, we have more than 30 foundation research projects underway here.現(xiàn)在這里有30多個基金會研究項目正在進行。

When we want to learn more about the immune system to help cure the worst diseases we work with Stanford.當我們想更深入理解免疫系統(tǒng)幫助治療最嚴重的疾病時，我們找到斯坦福一同合作。

When we want to understand the changing landscape of higher education in the United States, so that more low-income students get college degrees, we work with Stanford.當我們想了解美國高等教育現(xiàn)狀的改變趨勢,幫助更多低收入家庭的學生獲得大學學位時，我們找到斯坦福一同合作。This is where genius lives.斯坦福是一個盛產(chǎn)天才的地方。

There’s a flexibility of mind here, and openness to change, an eagerness for what’s new.這里的思想充滿了靈活性，開放性和創(chuàng)新性。

This is where people come to discover the future, and have fun doing it.斯坦福是促進人類探索未來并樂在其中的地方。

Melinda: Now, some people call you all nerds and we hear that you claim that label with pride.有些人把你們稱作“書呆子”，聽說你們很喜歡這個稱謂。

Bill: Well, so do we.我們也喜歡。

夫婦同時戴眼鏡

My normal glasses really aren’t all that different.Laughing。臺下大笑。我平時用的眼睛其實也沒有多大不同。

There are so many remarkable things going on here at this campus, but if Melinda and I had go put into one word what we love most about Stanford, it’s the optimism.這所學校里發(fā)生了很多了不起的事情。如果要我和梅琳達用一個詞來總結對斯坦福的熱愛，我們會說是“樂觀”。

There’s an infectious feeling here that innovation can solve almost every problem.這里有著濃郁的氛圍，讓人覺得創(chuàng)新能夠解決所有問題。

That’s the belief that drove me in 1975 to leave a college in the suburbs of Boston and go on endless leave of absence.也正是這種信念讓我在1975年離開波士頓郊外的那所大學，從此一去不復返。

I believed that magic of computers and software would empower people everywhere and make the world much, much better.我相信，神奇的計算機和軟件能夠讓全世界所有人獲得力量，讓世界變得比現(xiàn)在好很多很多。It’s been 40 years since then, and 20 years since Melinda and I were married.從那時到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過40年，我和梅琳達結婚也已經(jīng)20年了。We are both more optimistic now and ever.我們仍然堅持著這份樂觀，甚至更甚于當年。But on our journey, our optimism evolved.隨著人生旅途的展開，這份樂觀也隨之深化。

We would like to tell you what we learned and talk to you today about how your optimism and ours can do more for more people..今天，我們愿與大家分享自己的經(jīng)歷，告訴大家你們的樂觀也可以和我們一樣為更多的人做到更多。

When Paul Allen and I started Microsoft, we wanted to bring the power of the computers and software to the people, and that was the kind of rhetoric we used.我和保羅`艾倫開創(chuàng)微軟時，希望讓計算機和軟件的力量造福全人類，這也正是我們所想傳達的理念。

One of the pioneering book in the field had raised fist on the cover, and it was called “Computer Lib.”

領域內的一本先驅性的書籍封面上舉起拳頭，將這稱作是“計算機解放運動”。At that time, only big businesses could buy computers.當時，只有大公司才買得起計算機。

We wanted to offer the same power to regular people, and democratize computing.我們希望讓普通人也能使用這份力量，讓計算機能夠民眾化 普及化。

By the 1990s, we saw how profoundly personal computers could empower people, but that success created a new dilemma.到1990年代，我們都見證了個人計算機為人類做出的巨大貢獻，但這份成功同時又引來了新的困境。

If rich kids got computers and poor kids didn’t, then technology would make inequality worse.如果富有孩子有電腦用，而窮孩子沒有，那么技術的天平將變得更加不平等。That ran counter to our core belief.這將同我們的核心新年背道而馳。Technology should benefit everyone.技術應當讓每個人收益。

So we worked to close the digital divide.于是我們開始行動，試圖縮小這一數(shù)字鴻溝。

I made a priority at Microsoft, and Melinda and I made it an early priority at our Foundation.我原來在微軟以及我和梅琳達在蓋茨基金會早期都確立了。

Donating personal computers to public libraries to make sure that everyone had access.向公共圖書館捐贈個人計算機這一優(yōu)先事務以幫助每個人獲得計算機使用權。The digital divide was a focus of mine in 1997, when I took my first trip to South Africa.1997年這意數(shù)字鴻溝是我的主要關注焦點，當時我是第一次去南非。I went there on business.我是出公差。

So I spent most of my time in meetings in downtown Johannesburg.大多數(shù)時間都在于漢內斯堡中心城區(qū)開會。

I stayed in the home of one of the richest families of South Africa.住在南非國內非常有線的一位富豪家里。

It had only been three years since the election of Nelson Mandela marked the end of apartheid.當時離納爾遜·曼德拉當選只有三年時間，種族隔離剛剛終結。

When I sat down for dinner with my hosts, they used a bell to call the butler.我同屋子的主任坐在一起用餐，主人眼紅鈴來呼喚仆人。

After dinner, the women and men separated and the men smoked cigars.餐后女人們會和男人們分開，男人們會抽雪茄。

I thought, good thing I read Jane Austen, or I wouldn’t have known what was going on.我心想，幸好我讀過簡·奧斯汀的作品，否則我估計根本無法理解這里發(fā)生了什么。

But the next day I went to Soweto, the poor town just southwest of Johannesburg, that had been the center of the antiapartheid movement.第二天我去了索韋托，于漢內斯堡西南面一個很貧窮的城鎮(zhèn)，曾經(jīng)反種族運動的中心。It was a short distance from the city into the township, but the entry was sudden, jarring and harsh.這座城鎮(zhèn)離約翰內斯堡主城區(qū)并不遠，但進入索韋托后，我立刻感受到了強烈的視覺沖擊。I passed into a world completely unlike the one I came from.它和我之前看到的完全是兩個世界。

My visit to Soweto became an early lesson in how na?ve I was.到索韋托后我才剛開始意識到原來自己有多么天真。

Microsoft was donating computers and software to a community center there.微軟當時將計算機和軟件捐給當?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)中心。The kind of thing we did in the United States.這同我們在美國所做的一樣。

But it became clear to me, very quickly, that this was not the United States.但我很快意識到南非并不是美國。

I had seen statistics on poverty, but I had never really seen poverty.我之前看過關于貧困的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，但卻從來沒真正看過什么叫貧窮。

The people there lived in corrugated tin shacks, with on electricity, no water, no toilets.當?shù)厝俗≡诤喡慕饘倥锢铮瑳]有電沒有水 沒有廁所。Most people didn’t wear shoes.大多數(shù)人連鞋都沒有穿的。

They walked barefoot along the streets, except there were no streets, just ruts in the mud.他們赤腳在街上走，其實那里根本就沒有街，不過只有一些泥巴路。The community center had no consistent source of power.社區(qū)中心連持續(xù)的電力供應都沒有。

So they rigged up an extension cord that ran 200 feet from the center to the diesel generator

outside.人們只能臨時拉了一根200英尺長的延長線，讓社區(qū)中心能夠街上外面的柴油機發(fā)電機。Looking at this setup, I knew the minute the reporters left, the generator would get to a more urgent task.看到這種情形，我知道一旦記者離開發(fā)電機就會被用到更緊急的任務。

And the people at the community center would go back to worry about challenges that couldn’t be solved by a personal computer.而社區(qū)中心的人們也需要重新去面對那些不是個人計算機就能解決的問題。When I gave my prepared remarks to the press, I said Soweto is a milestone.我按照事先準備的講稿，對媒體說索韋托是一個里程碑。

There’s major decisions ahead about whether technology will leave the developing world behind.在未來，為了不讓發(fā)展中國家在技術上落后顯然還有很多重大決定要做。This is to close the gap.我們將像這樣，努力縮小技術上的鴻溝。

But as I read those words, I knew they weren’t super relevant.但在我閱讀這份講稿時，我深知情況遠遠沒有這么簡單。

What I didn’t say was, by the way, we’re not focused on the fact that half a million people on this continent are dying every year from malaria.講稿上有一段我沒有讀，也就是我們還沒開始關注這塊大陸上，每年有大約五十萬人死于瘧疾這一事實。

But we are sure as hell going to bring you computers.但我們至少能夠給大家?guī)碛嬎銠C。

Before I went to Soweto, I thought I understood the world’s problems but I was blind to many of the most important ones.在我去索韋托之前，我以為我了解世界的問題，事實上我對很多問題都一無所知。

I was so taken aback by what I saw that I had to ask myself, did I still believe that innovation could solve the world’s toughest problems? 親眼所見的情形讓我非常驚訝，我不得不問自己我還相信創(chuàng)新能夠解決世界上最困難的問題嗎？

I promised myself that before I came back to Africa, I would find out more about what keeps people poor.我許下承若要在下次回到非洲之前，更了解到底是什么導致了人們的持續(xù)貧窮。Over the years, Melinda and I did learn more about the pressing needs of the poor.這些年來，我和梅琳達確實更了解窮人的急切需求。

On a later trip to South Africa, I paid a visit to a hospital for patients with MDR-TB, multidrug resistant tuberculosis, a disease with a cure rate of under 59%.在之后一次去南非的過程中，我造訪了一家治療MDR-TB病人的醫(yī)院，MDR-TB也就是多耐藥肺結核，這種疾病的治愈率低于50%。I remember that hospital as a place of despair.我還記得那所醫(yī)院是一個充滿絕望的地方。

It was a giant open ward, with a sea of patients shuffling around in pajamas, wearing masks.一個開放式的巨大病房中，到處都是身著病服和口罩，馱著沉重步伐走動的病人。There was one floor just for children, including some babies lying in bed.有一層樓專門容納兒童病人，包括剛出生不久的嬰兒。

They had a little school for kids who were well enough to learn, but many of the children couldn’t make it, and the hospital didn’t seem to know whether it was worth it to keep the school open.這里還有一所小型學校，為身體條件足夠好的孩子們準備，但很多孩子都沒好轉到能夠上學，醫(yī)院不知道開這么一所學校是否值得。I talked to a patient there in her early 30s.我同以為三十歲出頭的年輕女患者談了談。

She had been a worker at a TB hospital when she came down with a cough.她之前在一家結合并醫(yī)院當護工，結果自己也開始咳嗽。She went to a doctor and said she had drug-resistant TB.她去看醫(yī)生，醫(yī)生說她得了耐藥性結核病。She was later diagnosed with AIDS.之后她又被確診患有艾滋病。

She wasn’t going to live much longer.But there were plenty of MDR patients, waiting to take her bed when she vacated it.她估計活不了多久，但還有很多肺結核患者等待這她死后騰出的病床。This was hell with a waiting list.這是一個排隊等待死亡的地獄。

But seeing this hell didn’t reduce my optimism.It channeled it.看到這個地獄并沒有挫敗我的樂觀態(tài)度。而是為我指引了方向。

I got into the car as I left and I told the doctor we were working with, I know MDR-TB is hard to cure, but we must do something for these people.離開的時候，我鉆進車里告訴與我們共事的醫(yī)生，我知道MDR-TB很難治愈，但我們必須為這些人們做點什么。

And, in fact, this year, we are entering phase three with the new TB drug regime for patients who respond, instead of a 50% cure rate after 18 months for $2000, we get an 80% cure rate after six months under $100.實際上，就在今年，我們進入了一種新結核藥的第三階段，對于響應的患者，情況不再是2000美元價格，治療18個月治愈率50%，而是不到100美元的價格，治療6個月治愈率80%。

Optimism is often dismissed as false hope.But there is also false hopelessness.樂觀經(jīng)常會由于錯誤的希望而消散。但錯誤的絕望同樣存在。

That’s the attitude that says we can’t defeat poverty and disease.We absolutely can.這種態(tài)度總在告訴我們，我們無法打敗貧窮和疾病。實際上我們肯定能打敗。

Melinda: Bill called me that day after he visited the TB hospital and normally if one of us is on an international trip, we will go through our agenda for the day and who we met and where we have been.那天造訪結合醫(yī)院后，比爾打電話給我，如果我們倆有人要到國外出差，一般情況下，我們都會對去哪以及見誰有一個計劃。

But this call was different.Bill said to me, Melinda, I have been somewhere that I have never been before.但這通電話很特別。比爾跟我說，梅琳達我去了一個從沒去過的地方。And then he coked up and he couldn’t go on.然后他有些哽咽有些話說不出來。

And he finally just said, I will tell you more when I get home.最后他說等我回來以后再跟你仔細講。

And I knew what he was going through because when you see people with so little hope, it breaks your heart.我能了解他正經(jīng)受著什么，當你看到有人如此缺乏希望時，你會感到心碎。

But if you want to do the most, you have to go see the worst, and I’ve had days like that too.但要想做得最多，你必須看到最糟的真相。我也有過這樣的經(jīng)歷。

About ten years ago, I traveled with a group of friends to India.On last day I was there, I had a meeting with a group of prostitutes, and I expected to talk to them about the risk of AIDS that they were facing, but what they wanted to talk to me about was stigma.大約十年前我和一幫朋友去了印度。待在那里的最后一天我見了一群妓女，跟她們討論她們所面臨的艾滋病威脅，但她們想跟我講的確實污名。Many of these women had been abandoned by their husbands.她們很多人都被丈夫拋棄了。

That’s why they even went into prostitution.不得已靠賣身為生。

They wanted to be able to feed their children.她們必須想辦法養(yǎng)活自己的孩子。

They were so low in the eyes of society that they could be raped and robbed and beaten by anyone, even the police, and nobody cared.她們在社會的眼中如此卑賤以至于任何人甚至警察都可以隨意強奸搶劫和毆打她們，但卻沒人關心。

Talking to them about their lives was so moving to me, but what I remember most was how much they wanted to be touched.同她們的對話讓我動容，我印象最深刻的是她們很希望同人接觸。They wanted to touch me and to be touched by them.她們希望接觸我也希望我接觸她們。

It was if physical contact somehow proved their worth.似乎只有通過這種身體接觸，她們才能體會到自己的存在價值。

And so before I left, we linked arms hand in hand and did a photo together.于是我在離開之前，同她們手拉手照了合影。

Later that same day, I spent some time in India in a home for the dying.還是那一天，我后來又去了一所垂死之家。

I walked into a large hall and I saw rows and rows of cots, and every cot was attended to except for one, that was far off in the corner.And so I decided to go over there.我走過大廳看到一排排病床，每張病床都有人照料，除了角落里的那張略顯孤獨。于是我決定過去看看。

The patient who was in this room was a woman in her 30s.And I remember her eyes.床上是以為三十多歲的女性。我深深記得她的眼睛。

She had these huge, brown, sorrowful eyes.She was emaciated and on the verge of death and her intestines were not holding anything and so the workers had put a pan under her bed, cut a hole in bottom of the bed, and everything in her was just pouring out into that pan.她有一對充滿悲傷的棕色大眼睛。她很消瘦離死亡已不遙遠，她的肚子里已經(jīng)無法容納任何東西，義工們不得不將床板切一個洞，并將盆子放到床下，她體內的一切就這樣傾瀉到盆子里。

I could tell that she had AIDS.Both in the way she looked and the fact that she was off in this corner alone.我可以看出她患有艾滋病。她有一些癥狀而且被安排在這個孤獨的角落更說明了這一點。The stigma of AIDS is vicious, especially for women.And the punishment is abandonment.艾滋病的污名是惡劣的，特別是對于女性。而懲罰便是被拋棄。When I arrived at her cot, I suddenly felt completely and totally helpless.我到了她的病床前，我感到的是完全的無助。

I had absolutely nothing I could offer this woman.I knew I couldn’t save her.But I didn’t want her to be alone.我沒有什么能給這位女性的。我沒辦法挽救她的生命。但我不認看到她那么孤獨。

So I knelt down with her and put my hand out..She reached for my hand and grasped it and she wouldn’t let it go.于是跪在她身旁，把手伸給他。她抓住我的手久久不愿放開。

I didn’t speak her language.And I couldn’t think of what I should say to her.我不會講她的語言，我也不知道該對她說什么。And finally I just said to her, it’s going to be okay.最后我只能說 沒事的。

It’s going to be okay.It’s not your fault.沒事的，這不是你的錯。

And after I had been with her for sometime, she started pointing to the roof top.She clearly wanted to go up and I realized the sun was going down and what she wanted to do was so up on the roof and see the sunset.我同他相處了一段時間，她指向屋頂。她顯然是想上去，我意識到太陽就快下山。她肯定是想到屋頂看日落。

The workers in this home for the dying were very busy.I said to them can we take her up on the roof top? And they said, “No.No.We have to pass out medicines.”

垂死之家的義工都非常忙碌。我們她們能否幫忙把她抬上屋頂？她們說：“不行，我們還需要非法藥物。”

I waited that for that to happen and I asked another worker and they said “No no no, we are too busy.We can’t get her up there.”

我等著她們做完我又問了另一個義工“不行不行，我們太忙了，沒時間把她抬上去?！?And so finally, I just scooped this woman up in my arms.最后我只能自己將這位女性用手摟起。

She was nothing more than skin over bones and I took her up on the roof top and I found one of those plastic chairs that blows over in the light breeze.I put her there and sat her down, and put a blanket over her legs and she sat there facing to the west, watching the sunset.她幾乎痩的只剩皮包骨頭了，我將她攙扶到屋頂，找了一張被人遺忘的在微風中的塑料椅子，讓她坐在椅子上，用毛毯蓋上她的雙腿，她坐在那里，面朝西方，靜靜的看著日落。

The workers knew—I made sure they knew that she was up there so that they would bring her down after later that evening after the sun went down and then I had to leave.我告訴義工們她在上面，讓她們晚上日落后把她搬下來，然后我不得不離開。But she never left me.但對她的記憶卻在心中揮之不去。

I felt completely and totally inadequate in the face of this woman’s death.聽到這位女性死去的消息我覺得自己完全沒有做好心理準備。

But sometimes, it’s the people that you can’t help that inspire you the most.有時正是那些你幫不了的人對你心靈的震撼最大。

I knew that those sex worker I had met in the morning could be the woman that I carried upstairs later that evening, unless we found a way to defy the stigma that hung over their lives.我知道白天我碰到的那些性工作者，以后很有可能就會變成那天晚上我扶上樓的那位女性，除非我們能夠找到辦法，為她們洗脫身上無法擺脫的污名。

Over the past ten years, our Foundation has helped sex workers build support groups so they could empower one another to speak up and demand safe sex and that their clients use condoms.過去十年來 我們基金會幫助性工作者建立起很多支持小組 讓他們有能力互相鼓勵發(fā)出聲音 要求安全的性交易 要求客人使用安全套。

Their brave efforts have helped to keep HIV prevalence low among sex workers and a lot of studies show that’s the big reason why the AIDS epidemic has not exploded in India.她們的努力讓性工作者的艾滋病發(fā)病率保持較低水平，很多研究顯示這也正是艾滋病沒有在印度大范圍暴發(fā)的重要原因。

When these sex workers gather together to help stop AIDS transmission, something unexpected and wonderful happened.性工作者們聚在一起幫助阻止艾滋病傳播的同時，又發(fā)生了一件令人意想不到的奇妙事情。The community they formed became a platform for everything.她們組成的群體為自身權益的伸張筑起了平臺。

Police and others who raped and robbed them couldn’t get away with it anymore.強奸 搶劫她們的警察和其他人不能再逍遙法外。

The women set up systems to encourage savings for one another and with those savings, they were able to leave sex work.這些女性組織起了一個鼓勵大家存錢的體系，通過這些存款 不少人得以脫離性工作。This was all done by people that society considered the lowest of the low.這些都是被社會認為最下等的人們所做的。

Optimism, for me, is not a passive expectation that things are going to get better.樂觀在我看來，并不是一種認為未來會變美好的被動期望。For me, it’s a conviction and a belief that we can make things better.而是一種信念 相信我們能用自己的雙手讓未來變的更好。

So no matter how much suffering we see, no matter how bad it is, we can help people if we don’t lose hope and if we don’t look away.無論我們遭受了多少苦難 無論境況有多糟糕，只要不喪失希望 不假裝沒看見我們就能幫助這些人。

Bill: Melinda and I have described some devastating scenes, but we want to make the strongest case we can for the power of optimism.我和梅琳達都講述了災難性的情景，但我們愿意以最好的期許 相信樂觀的力量。

Even in dire situations, optimism fuels innovation and leads to new approaches that eliminate suffering.越是在極端惡劣的情形下，樂觀越能激發(fā)出創(chuàng)新 為消除苦難找出新的方法。But if you never really see the people who are suffering, your optimism can’t help them.但如果你沒親眼見過遭受苦難的人們，你的樂觀將幫不到她們。You will never change their world.你也永遠無法改變他們的世界。

And that brings me to what I see is a paradox.這在我看來是一個巨大的悖論。

The modern world is an incredible source of innovation and Stanford stands at the center of that, creating new companies, new schools of thought, prize-winning professors, inspired art and literature, miracle drugs, and amazing graduates.現(xiàn)代世界是一個無可比擬的創(chuàng)新之源，斯坦福則位于這一切的中心，創(chuàng)立起新公司和新的思想學派，充滿獲獎教授，啟迪指示和智慧，研發(fā)出神奇藥物，培養(yǎng)出了不起的畢業(yè)生。Whether you are a scientist with a new discovery, or working in the trenches to understand the needs of the most marginalized, you are advancing amazing breakthroughs in what human beings can do for each other.無論你是得到新發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學家，還是奮戰(zhàn)于滿足邊緣人群需求最前線的人，你都是在推動人類相互幫助上的偉大突破。

At the same time, if you ask people across the United States is the future going to be better than the past, most say no.My kids will be worse off than I am.同時在美國范圍內如果你問人們未來會比過去號碼，大多數(shù)人說不會。我的子孫會比我過的糟糕。

They think innovation won’t make the world better for them or their children.他們認為創(chuàng)新不會讓她們及子孫的世界變得更好。So who is right? 到底誰對呢？

The people who say innovation will create new possibilities and make the world better? Or the people who see a trend toward inequality and a decline in opportunity and don’t think innovation will change that? 是那些聲稱創(chuàng)新能夠創(chuàng)造新機遇并讓世界變得更好的人，還是那些認為不平等會加重，機會會減少，不認為創(chuàng)新能夠改變這些趨勢的人？

The pessimists are wrong, in my view.But they are not crazy.在我看來，悲觀主義者是錯誤的。但她們的想法并不瘋狂。

If innovation is purely market driven, and we don’t focus on the big inequalities, then we could have amazing advances in inventions that leave the world even more divided.如果創(chuàng)新純粹是市場驅使的，沒人關心不平等的加劇，那么世界就算有再多美妙發(fā)明也是白搭，只能讓世界分化越發(fā)嚴重。

We won’t improve public schools.We won’t end malaria.We won’t end poverty.We won’t develop the innovations poor farmers need to grow food in a changing climate.我們將無法改善公立學校條件，我們將無法根除瘧疾，我們將無法根除貧窮。我們將無法開發(fā)出貧苦農民所需的創(chuàng)新，讓她們能在變化的氣候條件下種出作物。

If our optimism doesn’t address the problems that affect so many of our fellow human beings, then our optimism needs more empathy.If empathy channels our optimism, we will see the poverty and the disease and the poor schools.如果我們的樂觀不能解決這些問題，不能幫助很多需要幫助的同胞，那么這種樂觀就需要更多同情心。如果同情心能夠引導我們的樂觀，我們就肯定能看到貧困，疾病和糟糕的教育條件。

We will answer with our innovations and we will surprise the pessimists.我們就肯定能通過創(chuàng)新給我答案，我們就肯定能讓悲觀主義者大吃一驚。

Over the next generation, you, Stanford graduates, will lead a new weave of innovation.在下一代，你們這些斯坦福畢業(yè)生將會引領新一波創(chuàng)新。Which problems will you decide to solve? 你們決定處理哪些問題？

If your world is wide, you can create the future we all want.如果你們的世界觀足夠寬廣你們將恩那個創(chuàng)建出我們所有人都想要的未來。If your world is narrow, you may create the future the pessimists fear.如果你們的世界觀太過狹窄，你們就有可能創(chuàng)建出悲觀主義者們所害怕的未來。

I started learning in Soweto, that if we are going to make our optimism matter to everyone, and empower people everywhere, we have to see the lives of those most in need.從索韋托開始我開始了解到，如果我們要將這份樂觀傳遞給每個人，讓所有地方的人都獲得力量，我們需要首先去感受那些需求最迫切者的生活。

If we have optimism, without empathy, then it doesn’t matter how much we master the secrets of science.如果我們指示樂觀而沒有同情心，那么對科學秘密掌握得再好也將毫無用處。

We are not really solving problems.We are just working on puzzles.I think most of you have a broader view than I had at your age.You can do better at this than I did.因為我們并不是在解決問題，而是僅僅在做一些智力題。我想你們大多數(shù)人，世界觀都比我在你們這么大時更加寬廣。你們肯定能夠比我做到更好。

If you put your hearts and minds to it, you can surprise the pessimists.We are eager to see it.只要全心全意的投入進來，我們就必然能讓悲觀主義者震驚。我們很像看到你們創(chuàng)造的未來。Melinda: So let your heart break.It will change what you do with your optimism.讓自己沉浸于心碎。這會改變你們對樂觀的理解。

On a trip to South Asia, I met a desperately poor Indian woman who had two children and she begged me to take them home with me.有一次去南亞，我碰到了以為赤貧的印度女性，她有兩個孩子，她請求我把這兩個孩子帶回去領養(yǎng)。

And when I begged her for her forgiveness she said, well, then please, just take one of them.在我請她原諒我的無能為力時她說，那請你領養(yǎng)其中一個孩子行嗎。

On another trip to south Los Angeles, I met with a group of the students from a tough neighborhood.A young girl said to me, do you ever feel like we are the kids whose parents shirked their responsibilities and we are just the leftovers? 還有一次我去南洛杉磯，見了一群來自艱苦社區(qū)的學生。一個小女孩跟我說，你有沒有覺得我們這些孩子都被父母放置不理，我們只不過是多余的東西。These women broke my heart.And they still do.這些女性讓我感到心碎。現(xiàn)在仍然如此。

And the empathy intensifies if I admit to myself, that could be me.如果想想“這也可能是我”同情心便會越發(fā)強烈。

When I talk with the mothers I meet during my travels, there’s no difference between what we want for our children.The only difference is our ability to provide it to our children.我在其他地方碰到過很多母親。我們想為子女提供的東西其實并沒有太大差別。唯一差別在于我們?yōu)樽优峁┻@些東西的能力。So what accounts for that difference? 這中差異是如何造成的？

Bill and I talk about this with our own kids around the dinner table.我和比爾在餐桌上同我們自己的孩子討論這個問題。

Bill worked incredibly hard and he took risks and he made sacrifices for success.比爾工作無比努力，他冒過很多風險，做過很多犧牲采取的了今天的成功。

But there’s another essential ingredient of success, and that is luck.Absolute and total luck.但成功還有另外一個很重要的成分那就是運氣。完全純粹的運氣。When were you born? Who are your parents? Where did you grow up? 你出生在什么年代，你的父母是誰？你在那里長大？ None of us earn these things.These things were given to us.我們誰都不能掙得這些，這些都是被給予的。

So when we strip away all of our privilege and we consider where we would be without them, it becomes someone much easier to see someone who is poor and say, that could be me.And that’s empathy.當我們去除掉所有的優(yōu)勢，考慮我們沒有這些優(yōu)勢。這就是同情心。

Empathy tears down barriers, and it opens up whole new frontiers for optimism.So here is our appeal to you all.As you leave Stanford, take all your genius and your optimism and your empathy, and go change the world in ways that will make millions of people optimistic.同情推到一切障礙，并且打開樂觀的新視野。這里有很大的吸引力。

You don’t have to rush.You have careers to launch and debts to pay and spouses to meet and marry.That’s plenty enough for right now.But in the course of your lives, perhaps without any plan on your part, you will see suffering that’s going to break your heart.And when it happens, don’t turn away from it.That’s the moment that change is born.Congratulations and good luck to the class of 2014!

第四篇：奧普拉在斯坦福大學演講文本

Thank you, President Hennessy, and to the trustees and the faculty, to all of the parents and grandparents, to you, the Stanford graduates.Thank you for letting me share this amazing day with you.I need to begin by letting everyone in on a little secret.The secret is that Kirby Bumpus, Stanford Class of '08, is my goddaughter.So, I was thrilled when President Hennessy asked me to be your Commencement speaker, because this is the first time I've been allowed on campus since Kirby's been here.You see, Kirby's a very smart girl.She wants people to get to know her on her own terms, she says.Not in terms of who she knows.So, she never wants anyone who's first meeting her to know that I know her and she knows me.So, when she first came to Stanford for new student orientation with her mom, I hear that they arrived and everybody was so welcoming, and somebody came up to Kirby and they said, “Ohmigod, that's Gayle King!” Because a lot of people know Gayle King as my BFF [best friend forever].And so somebody comes up to Kirby, and they say, “Ohmigod, is that Gayle King?” And Kirby's like, “Uh-huh.She's my mom.” And so the person says, “Ohmigod, does it mean, like, you know Oprah Winfrey?” And Kirby says, “Sort of.” I said, “Sort of? You sort of know me?” Well, I have photographic proof.I have pictures which I can e-mail to you all of Kirby riding horsey with me on all fours.So, I more than sort-of know Kirby Bumpus.And I'm so happy to be here, just happy that I finally, after four years, get to see her room.There's really nowhere else I'd rather be, because I'm so proud of Kirby, who graduates today with two degrees, one in human bio and the other in psychology.Love you, Kirby Cakes!That's how well I know her.I can call her Cakes.And so proud of her mother and father, who helped her get through this time, and her brother, Will.I really had nothing to do with her graduating from Stanford, but every time anybody's asked me in the past couple of weeks what I was doing, I would say, “I'm getting ready to go to Stanford.” I just love saying “Stanford.” Because the truth is, I know I would have never gotten my degree at all, 'cause I didn't go to Stanford.I went to Tennessee State University.But I never would have gotten my diploma at all, because I was supposed to graduate back in 1975, but I was short one credit.And I figured, I'm just going to forget it, 'cause, you know, I'm not going to march with my class.Because by that point, I was already on television.I'd been in television since I was 19 and a sophomore.Granted, I was the only television anchor person that had an 11 o'clock curfew doing the 10 o'clock news.Seriously, my dad was like, “Well, that news is over at 10:30.Be home by 11.” But that didn't matter to me, because I was earning a living.I was on my way.So, I thought, I'm going to let this college thing go and I only had one credit short.But, my father, from that time on and for years after, was always on my case, because I did not graduate.He'd say, “Oprah Gail”—that's my middle name—“I don't know what you're gonna do without that degree.” And I'd say, “But, Dad, I have my own television show.” And he'd say, “Well, I still don't know what you're going to do without that degree.” And I'd say, “But, Dad, now I'm a talk show host.” He'd say, “I don't know how you're going to get another job without that degree.” So, in 1987, Tennessee State University invited me back to speak at their commencement.By then, I had my own show, was nationally syndicated.I'd made a movie, had been nominated for an Oscar and founded my company, Harpo.But I told them, I cannot come and give a speech unless I can earn one more credit, because my dad's still saying I'm not going to get anywhere without that degree.So, I finished my coursework, I turned in my final paper and I got the degree.And my dad was very proud.And I know that, if anything happens, that one credit will be my salvation.But I also know why my dad was insisting on that diploma, because, as B.B.King put it, “The beautiful thing about learning is that nobody can take that away from you.” And learning is really in the broadest sense what I want to talk about today, because your education, of course, isn't ending here.In many ways, it's only just begun.The world has so many lessons to teach you.I consider the world, this Earth, to be like a school and our life the classrooms.And sometimes here in this Planet Earth school the lessons often come dressed up as detours or roadblocks.And sometimes as full-blown crises.And the secret I've learned to getting ahead is being open to the lessons, lessons from the grandest university of all, that is, the universe itself.It's being able to walk through life eager and open to self-improvement and that which is going to best help you evolve, 'cause that's really why we're here, to evolve as human beings.To grow into more of ourselves, always moving to the next level of understanding, the next level of compassion and growth.I think about one of the greatest compliments I've ever received: I interviewed with a reporter when I was first starting out in Chicago.And then many years later, I saw the same reporter.And she said to me, “You know what? You really haven't changed.You've just become more of yourself.” And that is really what we're all trying to do, become more of ourselves.And I believe that there's a lesson in almost everything that you do and every experience, and getting the lesson is how you move forward.It's how you enrich your spirit.And, trust me, I know that inner wisdom is more precious than wealth.The more you spend it, the more you gain.So, today, I just want to share a few lessons—meaning three—that I've learned in my journey so far.And aren't you glad? Don't you hate it when somebody says, “I'm going to share a few,” and it's 10 lessons later? And, you're like, “Listen, this is my graduation.This is not about you.” So, it's only going to be three.The three lessons that have had the greatest impact on my life have to do with feelings, with failure and with finding happiness.A year after I left college, I was given the opportunity to co-anchor the 6 o'clock news in Baltimore, because the whole goal in the media at the time I was coming up was you try to move to larger markets.And Baltimore was a much larger market than Nashville.So, getting the 6 o'clock news co-anchor job at 22 was such a big deal.It felt like the biggest deal in the world at the time.And I was so proud, because I was finally going to have my chance to be like Barbara Walters, which is who I had been trying to emulate since the start of my TV career.So, I was 22 years old, making $22,000 a year.And it's where I met my best friend, Gayle, who was an intern at the same TV station.And once we became friends, we'd say, “Ohmigod, I can't believe it!You're making $22,000 and you're only 22.Imagine when you're 40 and you're making $40,000!” When I turned 40, I was so glad that didn't happen.So, here I am, 22, making $22,000 a year and, yet, it didn't feel right.It didn't feel right.The first sign, as President Hennessy was saying, was when they tried to change my name.The news director said to me at the time, “Nobody's going to remember Oprah.So, we want to change your name.We've come up with a name we think that people will remember and people will like.It's a friendly name: Suzie.” Hi, Suzie.Very friendly.You can't be angry with Suzie.Remember Suzie.But my name wasn't Suzie.And, you know, I'd grown up not really loving my name, because when you're looking for your little name on the lunch boxes and the license plate tags, you're never going to find Oprah.So, I grew up not loving the name, but once I was asked to change it, I thought, well, it is my name and do I look like a Suzie to you? So, I thought, no, it doesn't feel right.I'm not going to change my name.And if people remember it or not, that's OK.And then they said they didn't like the way I looked.This was in 1976, when your boss could call you in and say, “I don't like the way you look.” Now that would be called a lawsuit, but back then they could just say, “I don't like the way you look.” Which, in case some of you in the back, if you can't tell, is nothing like Barbara Walters.So, they sent me to a salon where they gave me a perm, and after a few days all my hair fell out and I had to shave my head.And then they really didn't like the way I looked.Because now I am black and bald and sitting on TV.Not a pretty picture.But even worse than being bald, I really hated, hated, hated being sent to report on other people's tragedies as a part of my daily duty, knowing that I was just expected to observe, when everything in my instinct told me that I should be doing something, I should be lending a hand.So, as President Hennessy said, I'd cover a fire and then I'd go back and I'd try to give the victims blankets.And I wouldn't be able to sleep at night because of all the things I was covering during the day.And, meanwhile, I was trying to sit gracefully like Barbara and make myself talk like Barbara.And I thought, well, I could make a pretty goofy Barbara.And if I could figure out how to be myself, I could be a pretty good Oprah.I was trying to sound elegant like Barbara.And sometimes I didn't read my copy, because something inside me said, this should be spontaneous.So, I wanted to get the news as I was giving it to the people.So, sometimes, I wouldn't read my copy and it would be, like, six people on a pileup on I-40.Oh, my goodness.And sometimes I wouldn't read the copy—because I wanted to be spontaneous—and I'd come across a list of words I didn't know and I'd mispronounce.And one day I was reading copy and I called Canada “ca nada.” And I decided, this Barbara thing's not going too well.I should try being myself.But at the same time, my dad was saying, “Oprah Gail, this is an opportunity of a lifetime.You better keep that job.” And my boss was saying, “This is the nightly news.You're an anchor, not a social worker.Just do your job.” So, I was juggling these messages of expectation and obligation and feeling really miserable with myself.I'd go home at night and fill up my journals, 'cause I've kept a journal since I was 15—so I now have volumes of journals.So, I'd go home at night and fill up my journals about how miserable I was and frustrated.Then I'd eat my anxiety.That's where I learned that habit.And after eight months, I lost that job.They said I was too emotional.I was too much.But since they didn't want to pay out the contract, they put me on a talk show in Baltimore.And the moment I sat down on that show, the moment I did, I felt like I'd come home.I realized that TV could be more than just a playground, but a platform for service, for helping other people lift their lives.And the moment I sat down, doing that talk show, it felt like breathing.It felt right.And that's where everything that followed for me began.And I got that lesson.When you're doing the work you're meant to do, it feels right and every day is a bonus, regardless of what you're getting paid.It's true.And how do you know when you're doing something right? How do you know that? It feels so.What I know now is that feelings are really your GPS system for life.When you're supposed to do something or not supposed to do something, your emotional guidance system lets you know.The trick is to learn to check your ego at the door and start checking your gut instead.Every right decision I've made—every right decision I've ever made—has come from my gut.And every wrong decision I've ever made was a result of me not listening to the greater voice of myself.If it doesn't feel right, don't do it.That's the lesson.And that lesson alone will save you, my friends, a lot of grief.Even doubt means don't.This is what I've learned.There are many times when you don't know what to do.When you don't know what to do, get still, get very still, until you do know what to do.And when you do get still and let your internal motivation be the driver, not only will your personal life improve, but you will gain a competitive edge in the working world as well.Because, as Daniel Pink writes in his best-seller, A Whole New Mind, we're entering a whole new age.And he calls it the Conceptual Age, where traits that set people apart today are going to come from our hearts—right brain—as well as our heads.It's no longer just the logical, linear, rules-based thinking that matters, he says.It's also empathy and joyfulness and purpose, inner traits that have transcendent worth.These qualities bloom when we're doing what we love, when we're involving the wholeness of ourselves in our work, both our expertise and our emotion.So, I say to you, forget about the fast lane.If you really want to fly, just harness your power to your passion.Honor your calling.Everybody has one.Trust your heart and success will come to you.So, how do I define success? Let me tell you, money's pretty nice.I'm not going to stand up here and tell you that it's not about money, 'cause money is very nice.I like money.It's good for buying things.But having a lot of money does not automatically make you a successful person.What you want is money and meaning.You want your work to be meaningful.Because meaning is what brings the real richness to your life.What you really want is to be surrounded by people you trust and treasure and by people who cherish you.That's when you're really rich.So, lesson one, follow your feelings.If it feels right, move forward.If it doesn't feel right, don't do it.Now I want to talk a little bit about failings, because nobody's journey is seamless or smooth.We all stumble.We all have setbacks.If things go wrong, you hit a dead end—as you will—it's just life's way of saying time to change course.So, ask every failure—this is what I do with every failure, every crisis, every difficult time—I say, what is this here to teach me? And as soon as you get the lesson, you get to move on.If you really get the lesson, you pass and you don't have to repeat the class.If you don't get the lesson, it shows up wearing another pair of pants—or skirt—to give you some remedial work.And what I've found is that difficulties come when you don't pay attention to life's whisper, because life always whispers to you first.And if you ignore the whisper, sooner or later you'll get a scream.Whatever you resist persists.But, if you ask the right question—not why is this happening, but what is this here to teach me?—it puts you in the place and space to get the lesson you need.My friend Eckhart Tolle, who's written this wonderful book called A New Earth that's all about letting the awareness of who you are stimulate everything that you do, he puts it like this: He says, don't react against a bad situation;merge with that situation instead.And the solution will arise from the challenge.Because surrendering yourself doesn't mean giving up;it means acting with responsibility.Many of you know that, as President Hennessy said, I started this school in Africa.And I founded the school, where I'm trying to give South African girls a shot at a future like yours—Stanford.And I spent five years making sure that school would be as beautiful as the students.I wanted every girl to feel her worth reflected in her surroundings.So, I checked every blueprint, I picked every pillow.I was looking at the grout in between the bricks.I knew every thread count of the sheets.I chose every girl from the villages, from nine provinces.And yet, last fall, I was faced with a crisis I had never anticipated.I was told that one of the dorm matrons was suspected of sexual abuse.That was, as you can imagine, devastating news.First, I cried—actually, I sobbed—for about half an hour.And then I said, let's get to it;that's all you get, a half an hour.You need to focus on the now, what you need to do now.So, I contacted a child trauma specialist.I put together a team of investigators.I made sure the girls had counseling and support.And Gayle and I got on a plane and flew to South Africa.And the whole time I kept asking that question: What is this here to teach me? And, as difficult as that experience has been, I got a lot of lessons.I understand now the mistakes I made, because I had been paying attention to all of the wrong things.I'd built that school from the outside in, when what really mattered was the inside out.So, it's a lesson that applies to all of our lives as a whole.What matters most is what's inside.What matters most is the sense of integrity, of quality and beauty.I got that lesson.And what I know is that the girls came away with something, too.They have emerged from this more resilient and knowing that their voices have power.And their resilience and spirit have given me more than I could ever give to them, which leads me to my final lesson—the one about finding happiness—which we could talk about all day, but I know you have other wacky things to do.Not a small topic this is, finding happiness.But in some ways I think it's the simplest of all.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote a poem for her children.It's called “Speech to the Young : Speech to the Progress-Toward.” And she says at the end, “Live not for battles won./ Live not for the-end-of-the-song./ Live in the along.” She's saying, like Eckhart Tolle, that you have to live for the present.You have to be in the moment.Whatever has happened to you in your past has no power over this present moment, because life is now.But I think she's also saying, be a part of something.Don't live for yourself alone.This is what I know for sure: In order to be truly happy, you must live along with and you have to stand for something larger than yourself.Because life is a reciprocal exchange.To move forward you have to give back.And to me, that is the greatest lesson of life.To be happy, you have to give something back.I know you know that, because that's a lesson that's woven into the very fabric of this university.It's a lesson that Jane and Leland Stanford got and one they've bequeathed to you.Because all of you know the story of how this great school came to be, how the Stanfords lost their only child to typhoid at the age of 15.They had every right and they had every reason to turn their backs against the world at that time, but instead, they channeled their grief and their pain into an act of grace.Within a year of their son's death, they had made the founding grant for this great school, pledging to do for other people's children what they were not able to do for their own boy.The lesson here is clear, and that is, if you're hurting, you need to help somebody ease their hurt.If you're in pain, help somebody else's pain.And when you're in a mess, you get yourself out of the mess helping somebody out of theirs.And in the process, you get to become a member of what I call the greatest fellowship of all, the sorority of compassion and the fraternity of service.The Stanfords had suffered the worst thing any mom and dad can ever endure, yet they understood that helping others is the way we help ourselves.And this wisdom is increasingly supported by scientific and sociological research.It's no longer just woo-woo soft-skills talk.There's actually a helper's high, a spiritual surge you gain from serving others.So, if you want to feel good, you have to go out and do some good.But when you do good, I hope you strive for more than just the good feeling that service provides, because I know this for sure, that doing good actually makes you better.So, whatever field you choose, if you operate from the paradigm of service, I know your life will have more value and you will be happy.I was always happy doing my talk show, but that happiness reached a depth of fulfillment, of joy, that I really can't describe to you or measure when I stopped just being on TV and looking at TV as a job and decided to use television, to use it and not have it use me, to use it as a platform to serve my viewers.That alone changed the trajectory of my success.So, I know this—that whether you're an actor, you offer your talent in the way that most inspires art.If you're an anatomist, you look at your gift as knowledge and service to healing.Whether you've been called, as so many of you here today getting doctorates and other degrees, to the professions of business, law, engineering, humanities, science, medicine, if you choose to offer your skills and talent in service, when you choose the paradigm of service, looking at life through that paradigm, it turns everything you do from a job into a gift.And I know you haven't spent all this time at Stanford just to go out and get a job.You've been enriched in countless ways.There's no better way to make your mark on the world and to share that abundance with others.My constant prayer for myself is to be used in service for the greater good.So, let me end with one of my favorite quotes from Martin Luther King.Dr.King said, “Not everybody can be famous.” And I don't know, but everybody today seems to want to be famous.But fame is a trip.People follow you to the bathroom, listen to you pee.It's just—try to pee quietly.It doesn't matter, they come out and say, “Ohmigod, it's you.You peed.” That's the fame trip, so I don't know if you want that.So, Dr.King said, “Not everybody can be famous.But everybody can be great, because greatness is determined by service.” Those of you who are history scholars may know the rest of that passage.He said, “You don't have to have a college degree to serve.You don't have to make your subject and verb agree to serve.You don't have to know about Plato or Aristotle to serve.You don't have to know Einstein's theory of relativity to serve.You don't have to know the second theory of thermodynamics in physics to serve.You only need a heart full of grace and a soul generated by love.” In a few moments, you'll all be officially Stanford's '08.You have the heart and the smarts to go with it.And it's up to you to decide, really, where will you now use those gifts? You've got the diploma, so go out and get the lessons, 'cause I know great things are sure to come.You know, I've always believed that everything is better when you share it, so before I go, I wanted to share a graduation gift with you.Underneath your seats you'll find two of my favorite books.Eckhart Tolle's A New Earth is my current book club selection.Our New Earth webcast has been downloaded 30 million times with that book.And Daniel Pink's A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future has reassured me I'm in the right direction.I really wanted to give you cars but I just couldn't pull that off!Congratulations, '08!Thank you.Thank you

第五篇：喬布斯在斯坦福大學演講全文

喬布斯在斯坦福大學演講全文：'You've got to find what you love,' 來源： 蔣文軒的日志

'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says

This is a prepared text of the Commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.I never graduated from college.Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.That's it.No big deal.Just three stories.The first story is about connecting the dots.I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.So why did I drop out? It started before I was born.My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy;do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.She refused to sign the final adoption papers.She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.And 17 years later I did go to college.But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition.After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life.So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made.The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.It wasn't all romantic.I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5￠ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.I loved it.And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed.Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me.And we designed it all into the Mac.It was the first computer with beautiful typography.If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward;you can only connect them looking backwards.So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.My second story is about love and loss.I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life.Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20.We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.And then I got fired.How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well.But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him.So at 30 I was out.And very publicly out.What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.I really didn't know what to do for a few months.I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs downthese things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.You are already naked.There is no reason not to follow your heart.About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.I didn't even know what a pancreas was.The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die.It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.It means to say your goodbyes.I lived with that diagnosis all day.Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.I had the surgery and I'm fine now.This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: No one wants to die.Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.And yet death is the destination we all share.No one has ever escaped it.And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life.It is Life's change agent.It clears out the old to make way for the new.Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking.Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.They somehow already know what you truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation.It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras.It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.And I have always wished that for myself.And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.Thank you all very much