第一篇：一間自己的房間作文

★一間自己的房間作文2篇

在我們平凡的日常里，大家一定都接觸過作文吧，作文根據(jù)體裁的不同可以分為記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文、議論文。那么你知道一篇好的作文該怎么寫嗎？下面是小編收集整理的一間自己的房間作文，歡迎大家分享。

莎士比亞曾說過：“書籍是全世界人類的營養(yǎng)品?！蔽覐男【涂釔圩x書，把看書當(dāng)作是人生的一大樂趣。書香伴我成長，可是讀書也有酸甜苦辣。

酸

我愛讀小說，因?yàn)樾≌f的情節(jié)絲絲入扣，像一杯橙汁，含在嘴里，甜在心頭，但是不益健康?？晌易x小說到了瘋狂的程度，像一個好多天沒吃過東西的餓鬼一樣讀小說，導(dǎo)致眼睛視力下降了許多，因?yàn)檫@件事，媽媽訓(xùn)斥了我，雖然心里酸酸的，但是仍打擊不了我看書的決心。

甜

作文書也是我的一個選擇，它像一杯白開水，既有益健康，又解渴解暑，也是因?yàn)榭磿?，語文成績上升了，那段時(shí)間使我很高興。

苦

為了讀一本好書，我東奔西走，以前在書刊亭看到一本好書，我會來個先斬后奏，賒賬，養(yǎng)成了壞習(xí)慣。媽媽爸爸曾多次告誡我，我嘴上答應(yīng)，背后又來。結(jié)果，可想而知，被打得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。

辣

我看過沈石溪的小說《雙面獵犬》和《混血狼王》。故事里面的混血豺?yàn)榫茸约旱男♂潭蛔约旱耐愐馈？吹侥堑臅r(shí)候，我不禁淚如雨下，動物和我們?nèi)祟愐粯樱鼈円灿心笎垩剑?/p>

這就是我讀書的酸甜苦辣，是不是很有趣呢？

我覺得人生中最美好的事情就是擁有一間自己的房間。那里有自己的淚水，那里有自己的汗水，那里有自己的笑臉，那里有自己的回憶，甚至還有自己的故事。

打開以前房間的門，映入眼簾的永遠(yuǎn)是那么熟悉。一樣的書桌，一樣的椅子，一樣的.小床，一樣的窗簾……一切都還是如此溫馨。就算東西還是一樣的，可當(dāng)初的事和人都已經(jīng)不在了。

如今，要我已經(jīng)搬到新家五六年了，那間原來的房子也是一直空著，但是有人定期回去打掃。

今天，我來到了我離去很久的舊家，我很激動很開心但也有點(diǎn)難過，因?yàn)槟切┠甑呐笥讯家呀?jīng)不再，那些年的感情早已煙消云散。

我記得在我房間發(fā)生的一些事情，有開心的有難過的，但這一切都變成了回憶。

那天，我約了幾個小伙伴來我房間玩過家家。對于現(xiàn)在的我們來說，過家家是再幼稚不過了的。但是對于那時(shí)的我們來說，卻是可以玩得如此開心。是的，那時(shí)的我們是多么容易滿足，那時(shí)所有的心都是純潔的，待人如待己。好東西就知道與朋友分享，有難同當(dāng)，有福同享。

而不知道為什么，長大了，變了，一切都變了。我們仿佛變得陌生了，好像再也回不去當(dāng)初的天真，就算是天真也只是裝的罷了。我懷念，但卻又不知道在懷念什么。

我的房間，不再像是一個空間，而是像一段再也回不去的時(shí)光。

第二篇：七年級作文：一間自己的房間

七年級作文：一間自己的房間

我覺得人生中最美好的事情就是擁有一間自己的房間。那里有自己的淚水，那里有自己的汗水，那里有自己的笑臉，那里有自己的回憶，甚至還有自己的故事。

打開以前房間的門，映入眼簾的永遠(yuǎn)是那么熟悉。一樣的書桌，一樣的椅子，一樣的小床，一樣的窗簾……一切都還是如此溫馨。就算東西還是一樣的，可當(dāng)初的事和人都已經(jīng)不在了。

如今，要我已經(jīng)搬到新家五六年了，那間原來的房子也是一直空著，但是有人定期回去打掃。

今天，我來到了我離去很久的舊家，我很激動很開心但也有點(diǎn)難過，因?yàn)槟切┠甑呐笥讯家呀?jīng)不再，那些年的感情早已煙消云散。

我記得在我房間發(fā)生的一些事情，有開心的有難過的，但這一切都變成了回憶。

那天，我約了幾個小伙伴來我房間玩過家家。對于現(xiàn)在的我們來說，過家家是再幼稚不過了的。但是對于那時(shí)的我們來說，卻是可以玩得如此開心。是的，那時(shí)的我們是多么容易滿足，那時(shí)所有的心都是純潔的，待人如待己。好東西就知道與朋友分享，有難同當(dāng)，有福同享。

而不知道為什么，長大了，變了，一切都變了。我們仿佛變得陌生了，好像再也回不去當(dāng)初的天真，就算是天真也只是裝的罷了。我懷念，但卻又不知道在懷念什么。

我的房間，不再像是一個空間，而是像一段再也回不去的時(shí)光。

第三篇：七年級作文：一間自己的房間_1

七年級作文：一間自己的房間

拉著一車的磚頭，帶著自己的夢想。

到小河邊，到星空下。

砌一間自己的房間。

其實(shí)，不需要繁華的裝飾，只要簡簡單單的就好。

我不要華麗的裝束，也不要溫暖的床墊。我只是希望四面有嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)的墻壁，只要可以抵住風(fēng)寒。有一個亮麗的落地窗，可以看到見小河，還有遠(yuǎn)方，遺留在山頭的陽光。我不需要精致的大理石地板，我也不需要充滿充滿暖意的玩具布偶。我只是想在我的房間中，鋪滿翠翠的草地，夾雜著幾許小花……

我便是我的要求。

這便是我想要的房間，當(dāng)我砌好了它。

那扇大大的落地窗，灑進(jìn)滿滿的陽光，灑在草地上，鋪滿我的房間。讓整個房間洋溢著太陽的味道。我靜靜的依靠在落地窗邊。靜靜的看著太陽慢慢沉入山頭至山腰，到黑暗。我才恍然的回過神。原來，我看了那么久，原來，太陽已經(jīng)落下。我望著那條小河，映照著星影，一閃一閃的，比鉆石更加美麗，更加閃耀。不知道哪個有心的男孩，會將它采下，送給他的女孩？漸漸地，星星也要黯淡了，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己，看了這么久。

累了，我將會躺下，躺在青綠的草地上，聞著青草夾著輕風(fēng)的香，嘗試著慢慢的放松自己，嘗試著將思緒防空。我便默默的回念，那黃昏的美麗。

我喜歡音樂，我喜歡唱歌，更喜歡隨著音樂舞蹈。我將要在我的房間中，擺上一個大大的音響，載滿了歌曲。放肆的歌唱，放肆的舞蹈。不再會有個人叫我停下，也不會有人生氣的來跟我說你是個女孩子……這一切，是多么的快樂啊。我喜歡畫畫，曾經(jīng)有個理想，就是成為一個畫家，成為想畢加索那樣的抽象派畫家，不顧及他人的嘲笑，不考慮他人是否喜歡。我要在自己的房間里，畫一半白天，畫一半黑夜。這又是一多么有意思的事情啊。當(dāng)然，我要在我的房間里，搭起一頂小小的帳篷，雖然很小，但一定很溫暖。而我，就躲進(jìn)那個小小天地，不停的暢想，外面的世界。會不會有可怕的巫婆，會不會有可怕的惡魔？我要把這一切，都寫進(jìn)我的日記里，再把這本小小的日記本，藏進(jìn)草地的某個角落，告訴以后的自己，自己有白天，也有黑夜，還有一間，自己的房間。

也許，在某個時(shí)間，我會拉緊落地窗的窗簾，痛痛快快的大哭一場，不用再偷偷的小聲抽泣，讓我的心，真正體會到一場震撼。

或許，我還需要一個肩膀，能在我放聲哭泣地時(shí)候，給我依靠。然而，卻只有那扇大大的落地窗。但我依然選擇，依靠在他的臂膀，不管是星空，還是陽光。

那片草地，也會陪伴著我，一直到很久很久以后……

這邊是我的房間，有草地，有落地窗，還有一個厚實(shí)的依靠。

我便滿足。

謝謝我的理想，謝謝我的夢，但我不知道，自己何時(shí)才會有這樣一間房間。

那要等到我，砌起這間房的時(shí)候。

第四篇：解析《一間自己的房間》中的女權(quán)主義

解析《一間自己的房間》中的女權(quán)主義

內(nèi)容摘要：伍爾夫是蜚身世界文壇的英國女作家，同時(shí)也是西方女權(quán)主義的先驅(qū)者，一位超越時(shí)代的女性主義思想家。一間自己的房間是以作者兩次在劍橋大學(xué)作的以‘婦女與小說’為題的演講為基礎(chǔ)整理而成的，是他主張女權(quán)運(yùn)動的一本名著同時(shí)也是最早在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域展開了對父權(quán)文化的清算的作品，被譽(yù)為西方女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動的宣言，文中她對父權(quán)制文化對女性的壓抑進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)厲的批判，肯定了被父權(quán)社會拒絕的女性文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的存在，為女性寫作找到了一個歷史支撐點(diǎn)。本文旨在通過伍爾夫作品的分析，以婦女與小說這兩大主題為線索，解析伍爾夫?qū)ε畽?quán)主義的思想在文中的展現(xiàn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：女權(quán)主義 雙性同體 女性文學(xué)

i

The Feminism in A Room of One’s Own

B.A candidate: Jiang Jiaqin

Supervisor: Feng Li

Abstract: Woolf is one of the authoresses in Great Britain who was famous in the world literary world, at the same time she is also a precursor of the feminist in west, a feminist thinker who was in advance of the age in which she lived.The book A Room of One’s Own was based on a series of lectures Woolf had delivered in Cambridge University which were on the topic of women and fiction.It‘s a famous masterpiece in which she protest feminism as well as the first book which bring the paternity culture to account in the filed of literature.The book was also being praised as the declaration of western feminist movement.In the book, she criticized the oppression the paternalism had given to women, confirmed the existence of women literature tradition, and discovered a history support point for women‘s writing.The essay is designed for a better understanding of Woolf‘s feminism by analyzes the book A Room of One’s Own through two main clues: the women and the fiction.Key words: feminism, Androgyny, female literature

ii

Contents Introduction……………………………………………….………………..1 Chapter one The society position of women……………………………..2 Chapter two The bias against women‘s writing……………………….…3 Chapter three The best way for writing-Androgyny…………………….5 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………7 Notes ……………………………………………………………………….9 Bibliography………………………………………………….......................9 Acknowledgements………………………………………….........................10 iii

Introduction

Virginia Woolf,(1882~1941), a famous English novelist, essayist, feminist, and writer of short stories, had made great accomplishments in both fiction writing and literary criticism.At the same time, she was one of the three most famous writers who write in stream of consciousness, forerunner of feminism movement.Both of her parents had strong family association with literature.Her father was a famous editor, critic, and biographer, so that Woolf was raised in an environment filled with the influences of Victorian literary society.Her most famous works include the novels Mrs.Dalloway, To the Lighthouse and Orlando, and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own, with its famous dictum, “A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is going to write fiction.”

A Room of One's Own, written in 1929, was a representative work to show Virginia‘s thought of feminism, in this book, she explicitly demonstrates the social realities that in the traditionally paternity society that women had been oppressed for such a long time.They had to face to the sex discrimination and also the tradition-bound.And she brought forward the history reason and the reality reason of this phenomenon.she pointed out the factors that restrict women‘s creativity in literature, first is the absence of financial independence, and second is the poor social position, and then she jump to the conclusion that if a woman want to start writing, she must have at least 500 pounds income a year and a room of her own.Woolf said that most works at the age she lives created by men were largely identical but with minor differences, because their writing ways were all got into conventional pattern that couldn‘t strike a chord among the readers.For this reason, Woolf made a suggestion to all the female writers that they should create their own unique ways of thinking and creativity to demonstrate the existence of women.In the work, Woolf encourages women to be themselves, to be an independent one differs from men, not leech on to men at the same time get together harmoniously with men and the whole world.She creatively put forward a new writing concept, Androgyny, which means both sexes one body.She claims that androgyny is the best situation both for women and men who want to write, and it‘s also the best way to eliminate the differences between men and women.It is precisely because the put forward of this creative concept, this book is still be considered as one of the most outstanding masterpiece in women‘s literature area.On the other hand, A Room of One’s Own is also a controversial work in the critics‘ eyes.It has been repeatedly reviewed, critiqued, and analyzed since its publication in 1929.Some critic states that this essay is not a feminist work but completely apolitical ideology and reduces the essay‘s scope to a collection of musings on women and fiction.Some other critic enlarges the scope to a wide, universal feminism because at the period in which Woolf was writing, feminism, by popular definition, meant wanting the vote for women.This is certainly not Woolf‘s brand of feminism.Woolf‘s own intention in writing A Room of One’s Own may have actually been to create a work that lay somewhere in between these two extremes.But in fact, her feminism is in actuality quite limited in that she only applies it to British, upper middleclass women writers.Her essay which to someone seemed non-feminist and to some others seemed feminist-universalist is, by our modern definition, feminist;however, because the limitation of culture, class, and profession, Woolf‘s feminism was a kind of narrow feminism.Even thought A Room of One’s Own is such a controversial work, it‘s no doubt that the essay is also a masterpiece in the women literary world, and had made a great contribution to the later female literature.Chapter one: The society position of women

In the first period of the book, Woolf first defines the questions of women and fiction as being three inextricable questions: women and fiction, that‘s may be women and what they are like, or it might mean women and the fiction that they write;or it might mean women and the fiction that is written about them or it might mean that somehow all three are inextricably mixed together.①

To solve these three doubts Woolf first talked in voice of another person, about her experiences in Oxbridge, been drove out from the lawn and been kept out from the library all because she is a female.Through the two experiences, she illuminated the low stations of female in the high education organizations.Then, she turned to look back the women‘s history station.She went to the British museum in hopes of finding some reasonable answer to the three questions but only find it difficulty because most books wrote about women were written by men.She read some of them, and summed up that, women, from of old, are always be deemed to be appendix of men.Many men in history had state the point of view that women are lower than men in many aspects, intelligence, moral and also physical force.Women have served all these centuries as looking–glasses possessing the magic and delicious power of reflecting the figure of man at twice its natural size.②Because of this mirror, men gained some kind of self-confidence to believe that they are born to be superior to half of the human beings.Men can‘t bear any criticize from women, because once women tell the truth, men‘s shadow in the mirror will be shorter, they will be more doubtful of their superiority.This may be the reason why Napoleon and Mussolini insisted the inferiority of women, and also may be the main reason why men are always in need of women.To keep men‘s absolute superiority, women are forbidden to do the same works men could do, and their lives are almost the same.Most females are not access to a fair education since their childhood, and then large numbers of them get married at the age of 15 or 16, which followed with bearing and life long‘s tedious housework at home.They have no ways to get enough money for themselves and no chance to own a moment‘s freedom.Women are really live in the lowest class of the society at that time because the absence of both financial independence and intelligence independence.Chapter two: The bias against women’s writing In the third period of the book, the author discovered the phenomena that in Elizabethan Era, a time literature develops rapidly, we still can‘t find any writing of women.The author list some examples of women in men‘s writing, like in the works of Shakespeare, find that the heroine are always full of personality and humanity, even as same great as men, but, they are only imaginary.The true condition is that women were locked and whipped by their husband, without any freedom.There are hardly any describes of women in history, especially women from middle-class, they don‘t attend any society activities, they have no autobiographies, no diaries, and without any useful information.Someone declared that it was impossible for any woman, past, present, or to come, to have the genius of Shakespeare.But the author thinks that it would have been impossible, completely and entirely, for any woman to have written the plays of Shakespeare in the age of Shakespeare.③ In the age of Shakespeare, it‘s totally impossible for any woman to have the chance to experience what Shakespeare had experienced, which were the sources of his writing.At that time, if a woman has great talent in writing, but she absolutely can‘t get the same achievement with men, she will be exclude by men, by the society, and at last, be crazy, lonely, distorted.The author supposed that Shakespeare has a sister, who has the same talent with Shakespeare, but her life will surely be different with his brother at that time, people will exclude her writing, and she had no choice but to live all her life under humiliation and oppression.Then, the author looked back to the difficult way women enter in the literary world.In the 16th century, few women like peers had the chance to write, but their writings are on the purpose to abreact their angry and discontent to their low status in society.Margaret Cavendish and Duchess, both born in high-class family, without children and love poems, became freaky and screwy for the same reason, cynicism from others.Dorothy, a woman who had great talent in writing, but said that, 'if I should not sleep this fortnight I should not come to that‘④, a female who actually love writing made herself believe that writing for women is fantastic，we can feel the strong against feelings in the air at that time.In the 17th century, Aphra Behn, a woman lived in middle-class, full of humors, energy and courage, worked like men so that she could support herself, became the first woman who earn money by her writing.Since then, more and more female realized that women also could writing, and live a better life.At the end of 18th century, women‘s thoughts became unprecedented lively, female come from middle class started to write.In some sense, we can say it was Aphra Behn who wins the right of writing for women.In the 19th century, more women began to write, but most of them wrote fictions.The four most famous female writers are: George Eliot, Emily Bronte, and Charlotte Bronte, Jane Austin.All of them have some points in common, live in middle class family, without their own living room and have no their own private time.These may be also the reasons why they write fictions but not plays, because write fictions don‘t need to be so devotional.Even so, they created masterpieces like Jane Eyre, Pride and Prejudice, Wuthering Heights and so on.Women writers at that time still meet many difficulties, no tradition to follow, no one to ask for help because their thoughts are totally differ from men‘s.So, for women, it‘s urgent to discover a new way of writing, a way of their own features.Only by this way, women could create more great works which could last longer in the history.Chapter three: The best way for writing-Androgyny The author compared Jane Austin‘s work to Charlotte Bronte‘s, and found the difference between them.Jane Austin wrote pride and prejudice in a bad environment, with a lot of interferences, but we can‘t see any influence by this from her work.We can‘t feel any abomination, discontent, eeriness or preachment from his work.It seems that all obstacles are removed from her brain when she writing, that just the way how Shakespeare wrote.Then we turn to Charlotte Bronte‘s writing, Jane Eyre, in this book, the heroine showed strong desire to explore the unknown world for her even been blamed by others.We can easily feel some kind of discontentment indignation to destiny, for she‘s not only write fiction but also write her own story.This made her writing contorted and not so perfect.The biggest difference between the two female writers is that Jane wrote as a woman, but Charlotte tends to imitate men‘s way of writing intentional, which made her work not so outstanding among so many similar works.For this reason, Woolf encourages all the female writers to write in their own thoughts and special ways.There is a spot the size of a shilling at the back of the head which one can never see for oneself.It is one of the good offices that sex can discharge for sex--to describe that spot the size of a shilling at the back of the head.⑤And men, from the earliest ages, with humanity and brilliancy, have pointed out to women that dark place at the back of the head.Now, female should walk behind men and point out the spot for them!

She believes there are two sexes in the mind corresponding to the two sexes in the body, sometimes the part of men works more, some times the part of women play the main role, but both of them are not strong enough to meet the complex world, and the best situation is that the two live in harmony together, and cooperate with each other spiritually.Therefore, Woolf put forward a totally new idea of writing to solve the problem of the imperfect of both sexes, that‘s androgyny, She thinks only when the two sexes in our mind cooperate with each other, our brain will become active and productive enough, and then perfect work will come into being.A highly developed brain won‘t think about sex, so a great mind must be androgynous, Shakespeare is just like this.When we turn to the male writers of the time, we will easily find it‘s more difficult for them to be androgynous.Men sensitively felt the problem that women got more rights like be allowed to join the political events which never happened in the past that they have stronger desire to hold on their own opinions that they think a lot of the sex of their own.When read reading their writings, one can easily find the repeating describes of ―I‖, the most important ―I‖, and all the other things will fade away and be flooded by the shadow of ?I‘.This made their writings dull and tiresome like some kind of obstacles had blocked the authors‘ mind.For female, these kinds of works are meaningless that they can‘t discover any thing they want from them.Anybody who wants to write must forget the sex at first.Only the works done under cooperation of two sexes in the mind could last long.At last, Woolf quoted a passage of Arthur Quilter–Couch ?The poor poet has not in these days, nor has had for two hundred years, a dog‘s chance...a poor child in England has little more hope than had the son of an Athenian slave to be emancipated into that intellectual freedom of which great writings are born‘⑥ then jump to the conclusion that intellectual freedom depends upon material things.Poetry depends upon intellectual freedom.Women are always poor from the beginning of time, so if a woman decided to start writing, she will make sure enough money and freedom in intellectual, that‘s why a female writer needs 500 pounds income a year and a room of her own.At last, Woolf gave some suggestions for the females who are interested in writing.A great writer, no matter what bad characters he or she may has, he or she must be a kind person, so, for female writers, the author hopes all of them to be kind persons first, and never forget the responsibility of a writer, that‘s to seek for the reality and deliver it to readers.Women had been oppressed for a long time, now they have more rights to change the ways of life, more time to read, and more ways to make themselves be accepted by others.That‘s a great time for every female, so Woolf also hopes all the female writers could work harder, even struggle in poor or objection and never give up, the sister of Shakespeare may be any one of them.Conclusion Woolf is one of the forerunners in feminism.Her thoughts are still being highly praised nowadays.In the essay, Woolf expressed her strong feminism thoughts by her exaggerated and ironical describe writing ways.Her words seem fragmented in the book, but we can still dig out her feminism thought lively.Her courage to challenge the Patriarchal society and attack the Male hegemony had become the guiding inspirit for the later feminism.In the essay, the author first narrated the problem that women‘s self-awareness had been oppressed for a long time.In the times before 19th century, if a woman wrote a book, she will surely be attacked by others including other women.In the paternity world, most women had identified with the idea that they were born to be lower than men not only on physical force, moral but also on intelligence.Some females even agree with the idea that woman is a rib from man.This kind of self-denial had strongly furthered men‘s discrimination on women.Then, Woolf pointed out the truth that women are facing serious economical problems.Because the lack of steady income, females had lost the main station in the society and became attachment of men.To change the disadvantage position of women, women had no choice but to strive for independent financial position.That‘s why a female should have at least 500 pounds a year before she starts to write.A room of one’s own for a female, in the author‘s eyes, is not only a room but also a symbol of independence, both on financial and intellectual.A woman, live in father‘s room when she was young, then live in husband‘s room after got married, and live in her son‘s room when she was old.The room in the essay means an independent space for women.Only when they had their own room, they will own freedom thoughts to write what they want to write.At last, Woolf put forward the concept of androgyny in writing and believes it‘s the best state for writing, which influenced the later female writers a lot and is still being highly praised nowadays.Anyway, this essay has made a great contribution to the developing of feminism thoughts and has great importance in the literary world.Notes:

①Virginia Woolf.A Room of One’s Own [M].London: Penguin Classics Press, 2002.2 P1 ②Virginia Woolf.A Room of One’s Own [M].London: Penguin Classics Press, 2002.2 P55 ③Virginia Woolf.A Room of One’s Own [M].London: Penguin Classics Press, 2002.2 P73 ④Virginia Woolf.A Room of One’s Own [M].London: Penguin Classics Press, 2002.2 P99 ⑤Virginia Woolf.A Room of One’s Own [M].London: Penguin Classics Press, 2002.2 P146 ⑥Virginia Woolf.A Room of One’s Own [M].London: Penguin Classics Press, 2002.2 P174

Bibliography: Virginia Woolf.A Room of One’s Own [M].London: Penguin Classics Press, 2002.2 李清.女性如何營造自己的生存空間——對于弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫《一間自己的屋子》的思考.青海民族學(xué)院 劉卓.曹亮.論《一間自己的房間》中的女權(quán)主義思想.東北大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院

維吉尼亞.伍爾夫.伍爾夫隨筆集 [M].孔小炯，黃梅，譯.深圳.海天出版社，1996 維吉尼亞.伍爾夫.一間自己的房間[M].王還，譯，上海：上海人民出版社, 2008.1 徐曉霞 從《一間自己的屋子》審視伍爾芙的女性觀.浙江萬里學(xué)院 張京媛.當(dāng)代女性主義文學(xué)批評[M].北京：北京大學(xué)出版社, 1992 張昕.完美和諧人格的追求———弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫的雙性同體思想.上海外國語大學(xué)

第五篇：自己的房間

自己的房間

弗吉利亞·伍爾夫

1928奉，弗吉利亞·伍爾夫(1882—1941)在劍橋大學(xué)做了關(guān)于女性和小說的系列講座，提出的觀點(diǎn)成了后來里程碑式作品《自己的房間》的基礎(chǔ)。下面的選文里，伍爾夫?qū)ふ椅乃噺?fù)興時(shí)期有關(guān)英國女性的信息。假設(shè)莎士比亞有個妹妹叫朱迪亞，描述她在伊麗莎白時(shí)期英國的不幸處境。

于是，我來到陳列歷史書籍的書架前，取下最新出版的一本書，特里維廉教授所著的《英國史》。我再一次查找“女性”找到了“其地位”，然后再翻到標(biāo)明的頁數(shù)?！按蚶掀?，”我讀到，“是男人得到認(rèn)可 的權(quán)力，上等人亦或下等人皆可以堂堂正正地進(jìn)行??同樣，”歷史學(xué)家繼續(xù)說道，“女兒拒絕嫁給父母選定的男人，就可能被關(guān)起來，在房間里挨揍，不會引起公眾輿論稍稍的震驚?；橐霾缓蛡€人情感相關(guān)，而和家族對財(cái)富的貪婪相關(guān)，在“有騎士風(fēng)度”的上流社會尤其是這樣??定婚往往是其中之一或兩個人都還在襁褓之中時(shí)操辦，而結(jié)婚通常在他們尚未脫離保姆照看時(shí)就進(jìn)行了?！斑@大約是在1470年，離喬叟的時(shí)代很近。再次提到女性的地位大約是在兩百年之后，即斯圖亞特時(shí)期?！敝猩蠈由鐣呐砸廊徊荒軌蜻x擇自己的丈夫，一旦丈夫被指定，丈夫就是君主和主宰，至少法律和習(xí)俗可以讓他如此。即便這樣，·特里維廉下結(jié)論說，“莎士比亞筆下的女人和17世紀(jì)那些可信的傳記中的女人一樣，??，不缺乏個性和特點(diǎn)。??的確，如果女性除了在男性寫的小說之外就不存在，人們就會把她想象成極為重要的人物；變化多端；既崇高又卑鄙；既光彩照人又邋遢貪婪，既美麗絕倫又丑惡至極；如男人一般偉大，有人甚至認(rèn)為比男人更偉大。但這只是虛構(gòu)作品中的女性。實(shí)際上，正如特里維廉教授指出的，她被關(guān)了起來，在房間里被拳打腳踢。

一種非常獨(dú)特而復(fù)雜的生物就這樣出現(xiàn)了。在想象中，她無比重要；而實(shí)際上，她根本無足輕重。她遍布于詩歌的扉頁；她無處不在，但就是不在歷史中露面。她在小說中控制著國王和征服者的生活；而實(shí)際上，只要他的父母強(qiáng)行把戒指戴到她的手指上，她就是任何一個男孩子的奴隸。文學(xué)中一些最具靈感的言辭、最深刻的思想由她的唇中吐出；而在真實(shí)生活中，她幾乎不識字，幾乎不能拼寫，而且是她丈夫的財(cái)產(chǎn)。

先讀歷史學(xué)家的書，再讀詩人的書，人們構(gòu)想出來的肯定是一種奇特的怪物——一只長著鷹一樣翅膀的小蟲；在廚房里剁著板油的生命與美的精靈。但是這些怪物，無論想起來多么可笑，實(shí)際上并不存在。要讓她栩栩如生，必須得同時(shí)詩意而又實(shí)際地思考，從而既聯(lián)系實(shí)際——她是馬丁太太，36歲，身穿藍(lán)色衣服，頭戴黑帽子，腳穿棕色鞋子；又不忘虛構(gòu)——她是一個容器，各種各樣的精神和力量不停地在其中追逐閃爍。不過，一旦人們試圖在伊麗莎白時(shí)期女性身上用這種方法，就無法得到某種啟示；由于缺乏事實(shí)而無法進(jìn)行下去。關(guān)于她，人們不知道任何細(xì)節(jié)、任何確實(shí)和實(shí)質(zhì)性的事情。歷史難得提及她。??偶爾也提及某位女性，某位伊麗莎白，或者某位瑪麗；某位女王或者某位了不起的夫人。然而，中產(chǎn)階級的女性除了腦力和品德之外不能支配任何東西，她們絕沒有可能參加任何一場偉大的運(yùn)動，而那些運(yùn)動匯集起來，就構(gòu)成了歷史學(xué)家對于過去的見解。我們也不會在任何軼事集中尋覓到她。奧布里幾乎沒有提到她。她從來不描寫自己的生活，也幾乎不記日記；現(xiàn)存的只有她的幾封書信。她沒有留下任何可供我們對她作出判斷的戲劇或詩歌。我想，人們所需要的是大量的信息(為什么紐納姆學(xué)院或格頓學(xué)院就沒有某個才華橫溢的學(xué)生提供這樣的信息呢)：她在多大年紀(jì)結(jié)婚；一般說來有幾個孩子；她的房子是什么樣的；有沒有自己的房間；她燒飯做菜嗎；她有仆人嗎?所有這些事實(shí)都在某個地方，或許在教區(qū)的記事冊和帳本上；伊麗莎白時(shí)期普通女性的傳記必定散落在某處，倘若有人能把它收集起來，就可以寫成一本書。在書架上查找那些不在架上的書時(shí)，我想，向名牌大學(xué)的學(xué)生建議重寫歷史，這未免期望過高，超出我的膽量。盡管我承認(rèn)這要求常常顯得有點(diǎn)古怪，不切實(shí)際，有失偏頗，但是為什么他們不能為歷史稍做補(bǔ)遺?當(dāng)然，這補(bǔ)遺得用不引人注目的名稱，讓女性可以名正言順地出現(xiàn)在其中，他們?yōu)楹尾贿@樣做?人們常常在偉人的傳記中瞥見她們，一閃而過地消失在背景中，有時(shí)我想，藏起來的是一個眼色，一聲大笑，或許還有一滴眼淚。??我發(fā)現(xiàn)可悲的是，我們竟然對18世紀(jì)以前女性的情況一無所知。在我腦海中沒有一種這樣或那樣可供我反復(fù)思考的例子。在此我想問一問為什么在伊麗莎白時(shí)期沒有女性寫詩，而且我不大清楚她們是如何受的教育；她們是否學(xué)過寫字；是否有自己的起居室；有多少女性在21歲之前就有了孩子；筒而言之，她們早上八點(diǎn)到晚上八點(diǎn)到底做了些什么。顯然她們沒有錢；據(jù)特里維廉教授說，不管愿意不愿意，她們還未走出兒童房就嫁人了，很可能是在十五、六歲時(shí)結(jié)的婚。僅憑這，我就斷定，倘若她們之中有人突然寫出了莎士比亞的戲劇，那倒真是咄咄怪事。我又想起一位老紳士，他已經(jīng)過世了，我想他曾經(jīng)做過主教，他宣稱任何女性，無論是在過去、現(xiàn)在還是將來，都不會具備莎士比亞的天才。他曾就此問題向報(bào)紙撰過稿。他還對一位向他咨詢的夫人說，貓實(shí)際上進(jìn)不了天堂，他又補(bǔ)充道，盡管它們也算有某種靈魂。這些老紳士們花了多少心思來拯救人們啊!用他們的方式，無知的邊界是怎樣地退縮了啊!貓進(jìn)不了天堂。女性寫不出莎士比亞的戲劇。

不管怎樣，在翻閱架上的莎士比亞著作的時(shí)候，我還是不由自主地想到，這位主教至少在這點(diǎn)上是對的：讓莎士比亞時(shí)期的任何女性寫出莎士比亞的戲劇，是不可能的，完完全全不可能的。讓我想象一下吧，既然如此地難以得到事情真相，如果莎士比亞有一個天賦驚人的妹妹，就讓我們稱她為朱迪斯吧，那會發(fā)生什么樣的事呢}莎士比亞本人，很有可能去上了文法學(xué)校(他的母親是位女繼承人呢)，在學(xué)校里他可能學(xué)了拉丁文——讀過奧維德、維吉爾和賀拉斯，還學(xué)習(xí)過語法和邏輯的基礎(chǔ)知識。眾所周知，他是個野性難馴的孩子，偷打過兔子，或許還射過鹿，而且，不得不過于倉促地娶了街坊的一名女子，不到十個月她就為他生了個娃娃。這種越軌行為迫使他到倫敦去撞運(yùn)氣。似乎，他對戲劇很感興趣；一開始，他在劇場門口給人牽馬。很快，他就在劇院里得到工作，成為一名有成就的演員，生活在宇宙的中心，和各種各樣的人打交道，什么樣的人都認(rèn)識，在舞臺上實(shí)踐著他的藝術(shù)，在街道上施展著他的機(jī)智，甚至得以出入女王宮殿。而同時(shí)，我們不妨推想一下，他那有非凡天賦的妹妹卻留在了家里。她和他一樣樂于冒險(xiǎn)、想象力豐富、一樣渴望著見識世界。但是卻沒有送她去上學(xué)。她沒有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)語法和邏輯，更不用說閱讀賀拉斯和維吉爾了。她偶爾揀著一本書，可能是她哥哥的，就讀上幾頁。但接著她的父母進(jìn)來了，叫她去補(bǔ)襪子，要么去看著燉肉，就是不要對著書刊報(bào)紙胡思亂想。他們說話很尖刻卻也很慈祥，因?yàn)樗麄兪羌业酪髮?shí)的人，知道女人的生活狀況而且愛自己的女兒——真的，她很有可能是父親的掌上明珠?；蛟S，她偷偷地在存放蘋果的閣樓上匆匆地涂寫過幾頁紙，不過她很小心地把它們藏了起來，要不就把它們燒掉。沒多久，不管怎樣，在她還只是十幾歲的時(shí)候，就被許配給街坊的一位羊毛商的兒子。她強(qiáng)烈地反對，說她討厭結(jié)婚，但卻因此被父親狠狠地揍了一頓。后來，父親不再責(zé)罵她。他反過來請求她不要傷害他，不要在婚事上讓他蒙羞受辱。他說，他會給她一串珠飾，或者一條精制的裙子；而且他的眼里還含著淚水。她如何能不聽他的話}她如何能傷他的心?可是，單是她自己天賦的力量就驅(qū)使她走到這一步。她把自己的東西打成一個小包，在某個夏天的晚上拽著一根繩子溜下樓，取道往倫敦而去．她還不到十七歲。樹籬間歌唱的鳥兒也不比她唱得動聽。她對話的聲調(diào)有最為敏捷的想象力，這和她哥哥的天賦相似。和他一樣，她對戲劇也頗感興趣。她站在戲院門，J她想演戲，她說。男人們當(dāng)著她的面大笑起來。戲院經(jīng)理——一個胖墩墩、愛饒舌的男人——發(fā)出了狂笑。他大放厥詞，什么女人演戲就像鬈毛狗跳舞一他說，沒有女人可能成為演員。他暗示說——你能想象到他暗示什么。她在技藝上無法得到訓(xùn)練。她能在客棧里找到飯吃，或者半夜在街頭徘徊嗎?然而她的天分是虛構(gòu)，并渴望著從男人女人的生活以及對他們生活方式的研究中獲取豐富的滋養(yǎng)。終于——因?yàn)樗浅Ｄ贻p，臉長得和詩人莎士比亞出奇地像，同樣的灰色眼睛和彎彎的眉毛——終于演員經(jīng)紀(jì)人尼克·格林對她動了憐憫心。她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己懷上了那位紳士的孩子，因此——當(dāng)詩人的心困在女人的身體內(nèi)不能掙脫時(shí)，又有誰知道那顆詩人的心會變得怎樣的灼熱與狂烈?——某個冬夜她自殺了，被埋在某個十字路口，就在’大象與城堡·客棧外面公共馬車?？康牡胤?。

我想，倘若在莎士比亞時(shí)期的某個女性具備了莎士比亞的天才，她的故事大約就是這樣發(fā)展的。但就我而言，我還是贊同那位過世的主教的說法，如果他真是主教的話——難以想象莎士比亞時(shí)期任何一名女子能夠具有莎士比亞的天才。因?yàn)橄裆勘葋嗊@樣的天才不是從進(jìn)行體力勞動、未受過教育、做奴仆的人當(dāng)中產(chǎn)生的。天才過去不會從英格蘭的撒克遜人和布立吞人當(dāng)中產(chǎn)生，現(xiàn)在也不會從工人階級中產(chǎn)生。那么，它又怎能從那些女人們中產(chǎn)生?根據(jù)特里維廉教授的說法，她們幾乎尚未走出兒童房就開始干活了她們的父母強(qiáng)迫她們，法律和習(xí)俗的力量又牢牢地束縛住她們。然而正如這種或那種的天才必然在工人階級中存在著，它也必然同樣地存在于女性當(dāng)中。不時(shí)地，一位艾米莉·勃朗特、或者羅伯特·彭斯大放光芒，證明這種天才的存在。但是，當(dāng)然了，天才從沒有寫到紙上。不過，當(dāng)讀到某個女巫被按在水中，或者某個女人魔鬼附身，或者某個聰明的女人在賣草藥，甚至某位有母親的非常出類拔萃的男人時(shí)，我想，我們有望找到一位消失了的小說家，一位受到壓抑的詩人，某位不聲不響而默默無聞的筒·奧斯丁，某位艾米莉·勃朗特，她被自己的天才折磨得發(fā)了狂，在曠野中拼命拉扯自己的腦袋，要不就在大路邊洗盤子割草。的確，我愿意進(jìn)一步揣測，那個寫了這么多詩歌而沒有署名的阿儂，多半是個女性。我想，愛德華·菲茨杰拉德認(rèn)為，是一位女性創(chuàng)作了那些民謠和民歌，低聲為她的孩子吟唱，在那冬日的漫漫長夜，唱著歌謠紡線。

這也許符合事實(shí)，也許不符合事實(shí)——有誰能說得清?——但是，回頭看看我編的莎士比亞妹妹的故事，我倒覺得，其中符合事實(shí)的地方是，任何生于16世紀(jì)而且具有偉大天才的女性，必定都會發(fā)瘋、自殺，要不就在村外一座孤零零的茅舍里度過余生，一半像女巫，一半像術(shù)士，讓人害怕，遭人恥笑。因?yàn)闊o需多少心理學(xué)的技能就能肯定地說，一個天賦很高的女性試圖把天賦用于詩歌，會這樣地遭他人反對和阻撓，還要被自己自相矛盾的本能折磨和撕扯，她必定會因此喪失健康和神智。