第一篇：現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀5 重點(diǎn)paraphrase+單詞總結(jié)

Lesson 1 Paraphrase 1...when I suggested that this behavior might be grounds for sending the student on a brief vacation.(Para 14)One student had some radical comments on the author's class and the author got a little bit angry so that he suggested the school should suspend the student's schooling.But the dean of students thought the author was just too annoyed.The story the speaker tells the audience here is hilarious, but not to be taken seriously.In the United States, university students do write about their professors on their blogs—and write evaluations of their courses, critiquing their professors' teaching skills.So a student could have criticized the speaker for teaching a boring class and the speaker might defend himself by saying that he had a cold.But the story is basically all fantasy.The speaker's serious point may be that students expect professors to entertain them;the professors who are good entertainers receive high evaluations, but the criterion is superficial.Less flashy teachers who think deeply can be the ones from whom the students learn the most.2.Black limousines pulled up in front of his office and disgorged decorously suited negotiators.(Para.16)These were obviously officials from that country's embassy sent to negotiate with the professor about this case.The whole thing had become a tough diplomatic issue.3.Did my pal fold? Nope, he's not the type.But he did not enjoy the process.(Para.16)Did my friend back down? No, he is not the type of person who will easily give up his principles under pressure.But he did not like the experience he had to endure.This again is an interesting anecdote, but not a very good example, because the student involved is too special.4.The idea that a university education really should have no substantial content, should not be about what John Keats was disposed to call Soul-making, is one that you might think professors and university presidents would be discreet about.(Para.19)Professors and presidents do not think the content of the courses really matters much, because they are soon forgotten anyway.It shouldn't be about soul-making either.The speaker is surprised that professors and presidents are actually by and large quite frank about what they think are the aims of education.They do not hide their views because they do not feel embarrassed.soul-making: moral cultivation, character-building, and intellectual development discreet: careful about keeping/preventing something from being known or noticed by many people 言語謹(jǐn)慎的，說話小心不讓人抓辮子的

5.…and common sense is something to respect, though not quite—peace unto the formidable Burke—to revere.(Para.28)常識是應(yīng)該尊重的東西，但不一定崇拜希望其令人欽佩的伯克先生別生氣。

6.I learned that if I wanted to affirm any consequential ideal, I had to talk my way past Freud.(Para.34)Since Freud had a very profound understanding in psychology, anytime when the author tries to state his point of view, he will use Freud's opinions to exam his own view, so that the author can get his point of view affirmed or improved.to affirm any consequential ideal: to declare my firm belief in any important ideal to talk my way past Freud: to deal with Freud's views and successfully argue with/refute him before(I can declare my belief in that ideal)7.1.It's been said that raising a child effectively takes a village: Well, as you may have noticed, our American village is not in very good shape.(Para.2)

There is an old saying that it takes the collective effort of a whole village to raise a child properly, that is, the whole village is responsible for the healthy upbringing of a child.our American village is not in very good shape: Note that the speaker is talking about any traditional American village? He is using the word village in a metaphorical sense, taking it to mean the country.8.Brodhead…seems to take as his educational touchstone the Duke of Wellington's percept that the Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton.(老師講的試卷答案 不確定)Brodhead has a strong belief that what matters in education is outside-class activities, and he takes it as his educational touchstone.9.You'll also, if my father and I are right, be truly and righteously screwed.(Para.24)

Truly and righteously screwed: truly cheated and ruined，and yet you can't blame anybody.Lesson 4 Paraphrase 1...in that profession there are fewer experiences for women than in any other, with the exception of the stage.(1)我的專業(yè)是文學(xué)，而在這個專業(yè)中，婦女的特殊經(jīng)歷比其他專業(yè)中婦女面臨的特殊經(jīng)歷要少，舞臺藝術(shù)是個例外。

other professions, such as science, medicine, law, are newer for women, and therefore the road is harder for them, with more experiences peculiar to them.The profession of drama is an exception.Like literature, drama also involves more women than other professions.△ 老師上課講的意思和課本上的講解完全相反 這里給的是課本上的講解 2.No demand was made upon the family purse.(1)There was no need for a writer to spend much of the family money in order to write.Here, the word “purse” in which money is put stands for money, financial circumstances.3 In those days---the last of Queen Victoria---every house had its Angel.(3)This sentence can be interpreted on two levels.On the first level, in the last days of Queen Victoria, every house had a woman like that, who was sympathetic, charming, unselfish and above all pure.On a deeper level, in the last period of the reign of Queen Victoria, the belief that every woman should be sympathetic, charming, unselfish, and above all, pure was prevalent in English society.Be sympathetic;be tender;flatter;deceive;use all the arts and wiles of our sex.(3)As soon as the author began to write her review, she seemed to hear a voice telling her what to do.To be sympathetic means to understand the mind of men and not to disagree with them.To be tender means she must not be too harsh in her criticism.To flatter, she must praise the book in an insincere way in order to please the reading public.To deceive indicates that she could not write what she really thought;she would have to tell lies instead of telling the truth.The author is urged to use the tricks known to the female sex because a woman has to do so in order to be successful in a male-dominated profession.5 Her fictitious nature was of great assistance to her.(3)The phantom or the Angel in the House is not a real person.The author is only personifying it.It does not have a physical form.In fact it is a mental image and has an imaginary nature.It is far more difficult to deal with a phantom than a reality.The reason is explained in the next sentence.她的虛幻本質(zhì)給她幫了大忙：殺死一個幽靈遠(yuǎn)比殺死一個真人要困難得多。For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I dout that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.(5)It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions.But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women.And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women.severity: the quality or condition of being severe;strictness, harshness.Words and expressions 1.constitute(3)(1)to make up or form something Twelve months constitute one year.Women take up 70% of the student body at the college.Meaningful letters or characters that constitute readable matter.(2)to be the same as sth., to be equivalent to sth.The court determined that the search of their house constituted to violation of their rights.Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract.(3)to establish or create(an organization)usually used as to be constituted The recently constituted government will hold elections in May.2.befall(3&5): If something unpleasant or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you.Bad luck may befall to anyone at any time.We prayed that no harm should befall them.It's sad to think of the unhappy fate that befell them.Nobody can predict the misery that may befall humankind.3.nose about(5): to look around a place, often in order to find something, especially something private or hidden, to meddle or pry.I caught him nosing around in my office.They are always nosing about in other people's business.He was always nosing about the kitchen, looking in all the cupboards for something to eat.I'll go and nose about for more news.Don't nose about in other people's affairs.4.impede(5)(1)be a hindrance or obstacle to He claims that the economic growth is impeded by government regulations.They were accused of impeding the administration of justice.Nothing can impede his progress.The muddy roads impede our journey.(2)impediment He has a speech impediment.5.on the verge of(5): to be at the point where something is about to happen.She was on the verge of telling all the secret.Jess seemed on the verge of tears.It's an event which left her on the verge of a nervous breakdown.The company is on the verge of bankruptcy.They were on the verge of tears at parting.△edge, border, margin, rim, verge, brim, fringe這些名詞均有“邊，邊緣”之意。Edge:普通用詞，指較窄的邊沿。Cutting-edge=state of the art技術(shù)發(fā)展最前沿的 Border:側(cè)重剛好在界線內(nèi)的一部分表面上，指較寬的邊緣，也可指邊緣本身。Margin:指物體的空白邊，一般較寬。Rim:指圓形或有曲線的物體的邊緣。

Verge:指明顯地標(biāo)志一個表在或一廣闊空間的邊界，或終端線，也指極狹窄的空間。常用作比喻。

Brim:指深容器的內(nèi)邊或河、湖等水域的最高線。Brim over溢出 Fringe:指地毯的須邊、圍巾的花邊、燙發(fā)的卷邊或人群的邊緣。6.nominal(7)(1)existing in the name only, not actual or real.He was the nominal head of the party.Her title of vice president had been nominal only.She charged only a nominal fee for her work.The chairman is only the nominal ruler of the country.(2)nominal value/rate/income etc.If prices keep rising and the nominal wage remains constant, the real wage falls.(3)very small in amount His involvement was nominal.They charged a nominal fee in the service.7.loom(7)(1)appear in a large unclear shape, especially in a threatening way Loom up/out/ahead Suddenly a mountain loomed up in front of them.(2)if a problem or difficulty looms, it's likely to happen very soon.Loom large.An economic crisis is looming large in his mind.Fear of failure loomed large in his mind.Rising tuition costs loom large in the minds of many parents.The candles alight in the room made all things without doors loom strange.Food shortages loom in some parts of Africa.Lesson 5 Paraphrase 1.A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.(Para.5)1)Ellipsis.He is a nice enough young fellow, you understand, but there is nothing upstairs.2)nothing upstairs:(American slang)empty-headed;a nitwit.A British slang equivalent might be “unfurnished in the upper story.” 2.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.(20)1)Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrator's brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.2)Paraphrase: My brain, which is as precise as a chemist's scales, began to work at high speed.3)slipped into high gear: began to work at high speed or efficiency.A machine is in high gear when the arrangement or gears provide the greatest speed.(S: but little power???)3.but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.(23)Paraphrase: She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings and emotions get the upper hand over reason and good sense.to let my heart rule my head: metonymy.“Heart” stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense.” 4.She was not yet of pin-up proportions,....She already had the makings.(25)Paraphrase: She was not yet as attractive as the women displayed on wall posters, but I felt sure that, given time, she would become just as glamorous.(S: Actually, I expect this refers only to the size of her breasts.)She already had all the physical qualities needed for developing into a very beautiful woman.pin-up:(American colloquialism)a poster showing a sex symbol, designed to be displayed on a wall

proportion: lines, shape of the body supply the lack: supply what is wanting.The narrator implies that time will give her a perfect figure.But he deliberately avoids using explicit words describing female physical attractions.(S: Yes.)makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something 5.She had an erectness of carriage...the best of breeding.(26)1)“Carriage” and “bearing” are synonymous.“Bearing,” in the context, denotes manner of carrying or conducting oneself and refers to characteristic physical and mental posture.“Carriage” also applies to posture, specifically stresses the physical aspects of a person's bearing, e.g.an erect carriage.2)Translation: 她亭亭玉立、體態(tài)優(yōu)雅，這一切都表明她出身高貴。6.In fact she veered in the opposite direction.(27)Paraphrase: In fact, she went in the opposite direction.This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.veer: to change direction;to shift;to turn or swing around 7.if you were out of the picture, the field would be open.(34)1)Metaphor, comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event.2)Paraphrase: If you're no longer dating her, others would be free to court her.3)out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation 4)field: an area where games or athletic events are held 5)open: free to take part or compete in(games being held in the field)8.It's just been a causal kick---just a few laughs, that's all.“(55)1)A final reason that eases Petey's conscience.We occasionally went out for a bit of fun, that's all.2)casual kick:(American colloquialism)an occasional pleasure;a casual relationship;a passing affair;not a serious commitment 9.One thing I will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable.(63)Paraphrase: It is not at all easy to find a girl so agreeable.Translation: 這么可愛的人可不容易找。10.Still, I'm nothing if not persistent.(79)This is a case of a double negative making a positive.I am very persistent.Translation: 我要是意志不堅(jiān)定，我就不是我了。11.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(115)Paraphrase: There is a limit to what any human being can bear.flesh and blood: synecdoche, material for the thing made.12.I determined to acquaint her with my feeling at our very next meeting.(125)13.I ground my teeth.I was not Pygmalion;I was Frankenstein...(138)This action shows extreme exasperation, but the narrator was still trying hard to control his rising temper.1)have sb.by the throat: attack by seizing and squeezing one's throat 2)The narrator makes two well-chosen allusions-to Pygmalion and to Frankenstein.He planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for himself, but he becomes Frankenstein for Polly(his student)who(S:?)ultimately rejects him(her teacher).Words and expressions 1.pedantic(paragraph 3)pedant: a person who annoys other people by correcting small errors.a dull pedant A pedantic insistence on following rules exactly.墨守成規(guī) be pedantic about: be very particular about Some people can be very pedantic about punctuation.It was pedantic rather than reasonable, just to the point of being grotesque.He is learned, but neither stuffy nor pedantic.2.submit(5)submit an application/claim/proposal etc.Derek has agreed to submit to questioning They refused to submit to the unjust decision.He submitted unwillingly to his mother.submit that...= the way sb.looks at it.I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in the case.3.flight(8)(1)a formation of aircraft in flight The flight of a bullet/baseball/rocket to the moon An overnight flight/ a translantic flight(2)a stairway(set of steps)between one floor or landing and the next Her apartment is five flights up.He fell down a flight of stairs.(3)the act of escaping physically The sound of danger gives wings to his flight.The bandits, hearing steps, took to flight.(4)passing above and beyond ordinary bounds Flight of fancy/imagination/fantasy(5)a flock of flying birds A flight of geese A flight of refugees A bird in flight 4.in the swim(17): at the center of action and up-to-date with the latest information and trends.I don't know about it exactly.I don't think even those who are in the swim can tell you about it.Although I'm retired, voluntary work keeps me in the swim 5.covet(23): to have a very strong desire to have something that someone else has.The Michelin Awards are coveted by restaurants all over the world.His religion warns against coveting material goods.We do not covet anything from any nation.Never covet what is not yours, for it is a sin to steal a pin.6.carriage(26)(1)a rail car where passengers ride;a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses(2)characteristic way of bearing one's body She has a supple, graceful carriage.7.go steady(30&147): to have a regular romantic or sexual relationship with a particular person.He asked me if he could go steady with me? He preferred play the field than go steady.8.wax(50)(1)cover with wax He waxed the car.(2)increase in phase;Interest in the story seems to wax and wane depending on other news.Her feelings for John wax and wane Why should the moon have wax and wane? wax sentimental/eloquent/lyrical/nostalgic/poetic etc.about He asxed nostalgic about his childhood.= He talked/wrote nostalgically about his childhood.9.bat(70): to hit the ball with a bat in cricket or baseball The cat batted the balloon with its paws.He was trying to bat the flies away with his newspaper bat one's eyes/eyelashes(usually used to described woman flirting)not bay an eye/eyelid: not seem to be shocked, surprised or embarrassed.They started talking about sex, but she didn't bat an eyelid.10.fraught(98): causing or having a lot of emotional stress or worry.a fraught of silence/atmosphere fraught with: full of(usually something bad)

Fraught with problems/difficulties/dangers/errors etc.The journey was fraught with difficulties The expedition into the jungle was fraught with danger 11.hamstring(119): to make sb.Unable to take action they want or need to take.The president feels he is hamstrung by the Congress.The state prosecutors and police organizations were adamantly opposed, believing that videotaping would be expensive and cumbersome, and would hamstring their ability to close cases The project was hamstrung by lack of funds.12.overcome(151)He struggled to overcome his shyness.His financial problems could no longer be overcome.I was overcome by a sense of failure.The girl appeared to be overcome with homesickness.overcome with Charles was overcome with grief.When news of the General's death came, soldiers were overcome with grief.Lesson 6 Paraphrase 1.Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think, is where Creation was begun.(Para.1)Paraphrase: The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.Translation: 大地的景色激活了你的想象力，使你相信整個宇宙的創(chuàng)始就從這里開始。Note: Different cultures and religions have different myths about how the universe began.The Creation, with a capitalized ”C“ and the definite article ”the,“ is a theological term, meaning the act by God, according to the Bible, of making the universe, including the world and everything in it.Here the author capitalizes the word but omits the article ”the,“ perhaps to show that he is talking about the creating of the universe as a Kiowa imagines.Later in the essay he talks about the emergence of his people according to the Kiowa myth.2.But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival.(Para.3)Paraphrase: Warfare was important for the Kiowa more because of their militant tendency than because of their need for survival.In other words, the Kiowa often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra land or material gain for the sake of surviving and thriving.disposition: a particular type of character which makes someone more likely to behave or react in a certain way;temperament;an inclination, tendency.The word disposition is used to refer to the normal or prevailing aspect of one's nature.性情，性格，癖性，意向

Translation: 對于基奧瓦人來說，打仗主要是性情使然，而不是為了生存的需要。3.… and they never understood the grim, unrelenting advance of the U.S.Cavalry.(Para.3)Paraphrase: The Kiowa didn't know why the U.S.Cavalry kept advancing toward them so cruelly and relentlessly.grim: fierce;cruel;savage.unrelenting: relentless, refusing to yield;inflexible.Note: Why didn't the Kiowa understand the grim, unrelenting advance of the U.S.Cavalry? Wars were common among different Indian tribes.The cause of war was simple.They either fought for the simple necessity of survival or to display their bravery.When one side won a battle, they would typically stop advancing upon their defeated enemy but would celebrate their victory.Yet, the U.S.Cavalry seemed different.They never gave up advancing even when they won.This puzzled the Indians.The truth is that the U.S.Cavalry was sent to accompany and protect the non-Indian, mostly white, settlers.In the 19th century, the American frontier kept moving westward.This westward expansion brought constant conflicts between Native Americans and non-Indian newcomers.When such conflicts occurred, the U.S.Government and Army would invariably be on the side of the latter.4.My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years.(Para.3)Paraphrase: Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.to spare: to save or free a person from something(e.g.to spare someone trouble)Translation: 幸運(yùn)的是，我的祖母晚出生了十來年，所以她免受圍困在灰色高墻里當(dāng)囚犯的恥辱。5.From one point of view, their migration was the fruit of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.(Para.4)Paraphrase: In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.an old prophecy: This refers to their origin myth.the sunless world: This refers to the mountains of Montana where they had lived before their migration to the Great Plains.Those mountains were so high and were covered with such dense forests that the sunlight could not penetrate them.Translation: 從某種意義上說，他們的遷移證實(shí)了他們的古老神話傳說，因?yàn)樗麄兇_實(shí)來自一個不見陽光的世界。

6.Clusters of trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away and wonder to build upon the mind.(Para.7)Paraphrase: The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass.This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.Note: Remember that they could not see far into the distance in the forest-covered mountains.cause the vision to reach away: make one see far into the distance, broaden one's horizon cause...wonder to build upon the mind: cause wonder to grow, make their imagination grow Translation: 一叢叢的樹以及遠(yuǎn)處吃草的動物使得人們的視線變得開闊，增強(qiáng)了想象力。7.… so exclusive were they of all mere custom and company.(Para.10)Paraphrase: The meaning of this sentence is that his grandmother's prayers did not follow any customary way of praying, and she did not want anyone else to hear them.exclusive(of): not including or allowing for(e.g.the cost exclusive of taxes)custom and company: Alliteration again.”Custom“ means a usual practice, a habitual way of behaving;habit.”Company“ means companionship, a group of people gathered for a social purpose, etc.Translation: 祖母的禱告既不遵守習(xí)慣，也不需要別人的參與。

8.Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, she seemed beyond the reach of time.(Para.10)Paraphrase: In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless;it seemed that she would live forever.to transport: carry away with emotion;entrance beyond the reach of time: timeless.The implied meaning is that she would live forever.Translation: 她是那樣的情不自禁，在屋影的跳動光線中，她顯得超越了時間的掌控。9.The women might indulge themselves;gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.(Para.12)Paraphrase: On such occasions, the women could do what they liked to do but normally couldn't do, such as gossiping, joking and making loud, elaborate talk among themselves.Gossip revealed their position as servants of men and was also a reward for their servitude.to indulge oneself: to give way to one's own desires Translation: 在這樣的場合，婦女們可以借機(jī)稍事放縱，做點(diǎn)自己喜歡做而平時不能做的事，比如聚在一起七嘴八舌地閑聊，這既表明她們的伺候男人的地位，也是對服務(wù)勞動的回報(bào)。

Words and expressions 1.knoll: a small natural hill 2.writhe: to move in a twisting or contorted motion,(especially when struggling);The prisoner writhed in discomfort.3.infirm(1)lacking bodily or muscular strength or vitality She's old and infirm and has to keep to the house.(2)lacking firmness of will or character or purpose It's an infirm title to property.4.headwaters: the source of a river the headwaters of the Nile 5.fork: the region of the angle formed by the junction of two branches We came to a fork in the road and could not decide which fork we should take.6.slave(1)work very hard, like a slave We are born to slave it for our lord.(2)a person who is owned by someone This slave dreamed of becoming a freeman.7.engender: call forth Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.8.consummate(1)having or revealing supreme mastery or skill a consummate artist(2)perfect and complete in every respect;having all necessary qualities.a complete gentleman(3)make perfect;bring to perfection His ambition was consummated when he received his doctor's degree from Cambridge.9.sacrifice(1)a loss entailed by giving up or selling something at less than its value He had to sell his car at a considerable sacrifice.(2)kill or destroy The animals were sacrificed after the experiment.The general had to sacrifice several soldiers to save the regiment.10.beadwork: ornamentation with beads 11.warlord: supreme military leader exercising civil power in a region especially one accountable to nobody when the central government is weak All these movements were suppressed by the warlord government.12.hie: move fast He rushed down the hall to receive his guests.The cars raced down the street.Lesson 7 Paraphrase 1.It was that they, much more than other books, had the demeanor and trappings of authority.(1)Translation: 是因?yàn)楹推渌麜绕饋?，歷史書看起來充滿了權(quán)威。

2.Columbus is far from being the only personage to have suffered from time and revision.(4)Paraphrase: Columbus is not the only historical figure who has been forgotten or marginalized by the rewriting of school history textbooks.personage: a person(often used to express their importance, or elevated status)Person, individual, and personage are terms applied to human beings.Person is the most general and common word: the average person.Individual views a person as standing alone or as a single member of a group: the characteristics of the individual.Personage is used(sometimes ironically)of an outstanding or illustrious person: We have a distinguished personage visiting us today.3.Their orthodoxy, it seemed, left no handholds for attack, no lodging for decay.(7)This is an explanation of the earlier sentence, an elaboration of what FitzGerald meant by ”permanent“ and ”self-contained.“ handhold: something for a hand to grip lodging: being fixed, implanted, or caught in a place or position decay: the process of declining in quality, power, or vigor Paraphrase:

It seemed that the ideas that the textbooks advocated could not possibly be challenged and that they would remain true forever.Translation: 歷史書的正統(tǒng)觀念看起來無懈可擊, 永不衰敗。

4.Such passages have a familiar ring.Amid all the problems, the deus ex machina of science still dodders around in the gloaming of pious hope.have a familiar ring: sound or seem as though one has already heard of something.Example: That story has a familiar ring;I'm sure I've read it before.Paraphrase: Such paragraphs remind us of an earlier version of how technological advances were looked upon as the magic bullet for all sorts of problems.pious hope: a wish or hope that is unlikely to be fulfilled

FitzGerald uses personification to describe how people have placed unrealistic hope in the power of science—science lingers on as ”a god from a machine“ that…though unrealistic hopes for its efficacy persist.Paraphrase: Americans still look upon science as an easy solution to all the problems, although we all know this is a hope that is unlikely to be fulfilled.Translation: 在問題面前，美國人仍然希望科學(xué)之神能夠從天而降，神奇地解決一切問題，但這樣的愿望虛無縹緲、不切實(shí)際。

Words and expressions 1.abject(1)

(1)extremely bad or severe They were in abject misery.The project ended in abject failure.(2)very humble, feeling or showing shame He offered an abject apology.The most abject slaves joined in the revolt.(3)very weak, lacking courage or strength She thought he was an abject coward.2.homage(1)

(1)respect or honor People bowed in homage to the king as he passed away.Her paintings pay homage to women artists to the past.Mary came to pay homage to the dead man.(2)something that is done to honor sb./ sth.Her book is an homage to her favorite city.3.rise to prominence(4)

A coffeehouse chain like Starbucks can rise to prominence by creating an imitation of Milan's espresso bars.prominence: the fact of important and being well-known come to/rise to/achieve/gain prominence as something She first came/rose to prominence as an artist in 1989.He quickly gained prominence in medical circles.give something prominence: to treat something as something important.Every newspaper gave prominence to the success of England's footballers.4.walk-on: a minor part in a play or movie In the early stage of his acting career, Mr.Zhou always played walk-on roles.5.implacable(7): opposed to somebody in an angry way Charley is the implacable enemy of mine.He has an implacable hatred for his opposed opponents.The government faces implacable opposition on the issue of nuclear waste.implacably They are implacably opposed to his proposals.He remained implacably opposed to Stalin's regime all his life.implacable opposition 6.embodiment(7): someone or something represents or is very typical of an idea or quality Beauty is the embodiment of character.General Zarodd was depicted as the embodiment of evil.7.rattletrap(8): any machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly, a shaky, rattling aspect.How can anyone be comfortable in such a miserable old rattletrap of a place of this? Then the car, which was nothing but an old rattletrap affair, was allowed to burn up.They are more than the ground looks forward to the money scrape up that will work to come down jointly, rebuild the rattletrap old building in the home.8.have a familiar ring(8): to seem or sound like something you have heard or seen before Her name had a familiar ring to it.I didn't know who is talking, but his voice had a familiar ring.The story had a familiar ring to it(= as if I had heard it before).9.amount to(10)His investments amount to five million dollars.What he said amounts to a flat refusal though he didn't put it explicitly.10.spectrum(11)

(1)the group of colors that a ray of light can be separated.Beautiful scarves in all the colors of spectrum.(2)a complete range of different ideas, opinions etc.There's a wide spectrum of opinions on this problem.across idedogical/ political/ cultural/ methodological spectrum the whole/ full spectrum of..= a wide range of..The city's populations represent a broad spectrum of society.The documentary is an attempt to explore the whole spectrum of 20th century.11.stage(11)

(1)to produce on a stage

Maya Angelou first staged the play ”And I Still Rise“ in the late 1970s.(2)to organize and produce a public event The student staged a protest/ demonstration/ sit-in.The prisoners are staging a hunger strike.Last week our school staged a track meet.(3)to arrange or do something that is intended to get a lot of public attention The photo of the two leaders shaking hands was deliberately staged.12.accord(11)(1)go together accord with something = to be in agreement with something His interpretation of data did not accord with the facts.The punishment accorded with the current code of discipline.Your behavior does not accord with your principle.(2)allow to have He was accorded certain favors because of his age.Her students accorded her respect.= She was accorded respect by her students.We accord great importance to education.Every school accords high priority to the quality of teaching.13.paragon(12)an ideal instance;a perfect embodiment of a concept paragon of

He's no moral paragon.The company is a paragon of modern manufacturing techniques.The professor is a paragon of virtue and learning.14.transcend(13): to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of something The music transcend anything she had heard before.She was able to transcend her own suffering and help others.15.There is no such thing as There is no such thing as a free lunch/ bad publicity/ a stupid questioning.16.Leave one to one's fate = abandon one to one's fate: to abandon somebody to whatever happen, possibly death or some other unpleasant events There were forced to leave the miners to their fate.17.appreciably: to a noticeable degree Her appearance has not changed appreciably.18.in step with somebody/something = in agreement with: at the same speed or level as somebody or something else She is very much in step with times.Gasoline prices rise in step with oil prices.He found it hard to stay/keep in step with the rapid changes.Lesson 10 Paraphrase 1.Such girls live in quiet black neighborhoods where everybody is gainfully employed.(2)where everybody is gainfully employed: where everybody has a good and steady job 每個人都有一份穩(wěn)定的好工作

gainfully: producing gain, profitable All the details about the quiet black neighborhoods, porch swings, neatly cut grass, and potted plants lining the steps and windowsills indicate that these brown girls live in pretty houses.According to white, middle-class values, a pretty and comfortable house is one of the essentials of a happy home.In the primer used at the beginning of the novel, the first quality of the happy family is a pretty house: ”Here is the house.It is green and white.It has a red door.It is very pretty.“ 2.In short, how to get rid of the funkiness.(3)Note:

This is another incomplete sentence.A complete sentence would be: In short, the whole purpose of their education is to get rid of the funkiness.In the author's opinion, the funkiness is an important aspect of the black character.So, getting rid of the funkiness is alienating black people from their black cultural heritage.funkiness: ”Funkiness“ is obviously an important word in our text.It is repeated three times in the next sentence, and the word ”funk“ is capitalized in Paragraph 4.Yet, it is hard to explain the exact meaning of this term, and even harder to find a single Chinese equivalent for it.As a music genre it is translated into 放克 in Chinese.”Funky“ has several meanings.It is associated with a jazz style having an earthy quality derived from early blues or gospel music.It may mean unconventional, eccentric, offbeat, etc.It also may mean very emotional, informal, relaxed, casual, etc.Funk is associated with spontaneity and sensuality.A number of Chinese terms may be applied to describe ”funky“: 自然原始的，質(zhì)樸的，本性的

3.Nor do they know that she will give him her body sparingly and partially.(6)As the brown girl defines sex as vulgar and indecent, she will not enjoy normal sexual life thoroughly and wholly but will restrain herself in making love with her husband.4...until four o'clock, when the intruder comes home from work vaguely anxious about what's for dinner.(8)The intruder is her husband.She has built her own territory, in which the only living thing that engages her affection is the cat.Before her husband comes home she has played and dozed off with the cat peacefully so that her husband is like an intruder.5.A son.Named Junior.(9)6.There she built her nest, ironed shirts, potted bleeding hearts, played with her cat, and birthed Louis Junior.(10)She is one of the standard brown girls who live a meaningless and monotonous life.7.She had seen this little girl all of her life.(48)Geraldine had seen black girls like Pecola in many places and at many times in the past.8.The girls grew up knowing nothing of girdles, and the boys announced their manhood by turning the bills of their caps backward.Paraphrase:

As the girls were growing into young women, they had never worn girdles to make their figure look slimmer, and thus more elegant;and when the boys grew up, they just began to wear their caps with the bills turned backward to indicate that they had become adults.Note:

As we know, in some cultures, manhood is announced and celebrated with certain formal rites.However, for these poor black boys, there was no ritual ceremony to mark this important stage of their lives, except for taking up some habits that adult men had, such as smoking or turning the bills of their caps backward.girdle: a piece of women's underwear which fits tightly around her stomach, bottom and hips and makes her look thinner manhood: the state or time of being a man bill: the peak or visor of a cap Translation: 這些女孩發(fā)育成大人了，卻不知緊身褡為何物。而男孩子把鴨舌帽的帽檐轉(zhuǎn)到后腦勺就算宣布自己是成人了。

9.The cat shuddered and flicked his tail.(51)10.She held her head down against the cold.But she could not hold it low enough to avoid seeing the snowflakes falling and dying on the pavement.(53)In the concluding paragraph of the story, the author loads meaning into the description of how Pecola walked away from the house in cold wind.A cold wind was blowing and snow was falling.The snowflakes were falling and dying on the pavement.Why is the word ”dying" chosen for describing the falling snowflakes? Doesn't that imply that something in the heart of Pecola also died? We can see that the cold wind and snow reflect the coldness Pecola felt after the event;the coldness in nature reflects the coldness in human relationships.Translation: 外面，三月的風(fēng)吹進(jìn)了她撕破的衣裙。她頂著冷風(fēng)，垂著頭。不過，頭垂得再低，她也看得到雪花紛紛飄落到人行便道上并立刻消融。

Words and expressions 1.sway(1)a swinging movement from side to side(2)literary power to rule or influence people under somebody's sway She was completely under his sway.These old attitudes still hold sway in the church.2.grit: determination and courage The council is responsible for putting grit on icy roads.3.bout a bout of depression/flu/sickness etc.a bout of employment 4.whine He could hear the dog whining behind the door.whine about They do not sweat and whine about their condition.5.bill

give somebody a clean bill of health

第二篇：《現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀5》教案

英語專業(yè)精讀授課教案（第五冊）

Lesson One Where Do We Go from Here

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand the

implication for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

I.Background information:

The 1960s were turbulent times for the United States.The anti-war movement, the Civil Right movement, the counter-culture movement, the feminist movement were all unfolding in this period of time.The civil Rights movement was a major movement which began with the Supreme Court decision of Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 and the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955.Martin Luther King jr.(1929-1968), as a key leader of the movement, played a significant and irreplaceable role.His name is associated with the march on Washington in 1963 and his famous speech ― I have a dream‖, delivered in front of the Lincoln Memorial.He was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.this speech, delivered in 1967, in more on the side of reasoning and persuasion and less on emotional appeal.Thus his analysis of riots and revolution in the united states in his speech is sound and convincing.On the night of April4.1968, King was shot dead, as he stood o the balcony of his hotel in Memphis, Tennessee.Part II.Details studies of the text

Part III.Structure of the text:

Part i.Para.1—2 Martin Luther King link the theme of the speech with the question of “Where we are now”.That is, in order to know where we go from here we must first recognize where we are now.Without knowing our present situation, how can we design a policy for the future?

Part ii Para.3--5 This is a transitional paragraph to call for all the African-American must ―rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood‖.Part iii(Para.6--9)In this part the author puts forward the second task: how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power.Then the author goes on to define power and points out the consequence of the misinterpretation of power.Part iv(Paras.10--15)This part deals with economic security for the Negro Americans.The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable.He also deals on the advantages of this security.Part v(paras.16—20)In this part, Martin reaffirms his commitment to nonviolence.He explains why he thinks violence is no solution to racial discrimination.He refutes the idea of Black revolution.Part vi(para 21—25)In this part, Dr.King raises a fundamental question—the restructuring of the whole of American society.He points out that the problem of racism.The problem of economic exploitation and the problem of war are tied together.They are the triple evils of the society.Part vii.(para 26—28)This part serves as the concluding remark for the speech: we shall overcome.Lesson Two Two Kinds

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.present their viewpoint on generation gap

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the development of a story

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Background information:

The Joy Luck Club, from which ―Two Kinds‖ is taken, explores conflicts between two generations and two different cultures.Set in China and in the United States, the novel is woven by stories of four Chinese mothers and their four daughters.Four Chinese women, who have just arrived in the United States and who are drawn together by the shadow of their past—meet in San Francisco to play mah-jongg, eat dim sum and tell stories.They call their gatherings the Joy Luck Club.While they place high hopes on their daughters, the youger generation think of themselves as Americans and resist their mothers’ attempts to change them into obedient Chinese daughters.Only after they have grown up and become more mature do they realize that the legacy left by their mothers is an important part of their lives, too.The noivel stayed on the best-selling book list of The New York Times for 9 months.A finalist for the national Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award, it has been translated into about 20 languages and made into a Hollywood movie.Part II.Detailed Study of the Text

Part III.The Structure of the text:

Part i(paras.1—3)the beginning part of the story provides the reader with some background information.It tells about the mother and her hopes for her daughter.This paves the way ofr the development of the conflict between the daughter and the mother.Part ii(paras.4—11)this part is about the mother’s unsuccessful attempt to change her daughter into a Chinese Shirley Temple.In the beginning the child was as excited as the mother about becoming a prodigy.At this point, the conflict between mother and daughter was not visible.Part iii(paras12—20)in this part we learn that the mother was trying very hard to train her daughter to be a genius.As the tests got more and more difficult, the daughter lost heart.She decided that she would not let her mother change her.This change of attitudes would lead to the gradual development of the conflict.Part iv(paras 21—28)while watching a Chinese girl playing the piano on an Ed Sullivan Show, a new idea flashed into the mother’s head.With the new plan introduced, the ocnflict would develop further.Part v(paras 29—46)it tells about how the girl was made to learn the piano under the instructions of Old Chong.The relationship between mother and daughter was getting more and more tense.Part vi(para.47—60)Jing-mei was to perform in a talent show held in the church.Jing-mei started all right and soon made a mess of her performance.Undoubtedly this was a heavy blow to her mother.The crisis of the story is about to come.Part vii(para 61—76)the girl assumed that her failure at the show meant she would never have to play the paino.Yet two days later her mother urged her to practice as usual.She refused and the mother insisted.They had the most fierce quarrel they had ever had.This is the crisis or climax of the story.Part viii(77—93)this concluding part is narrated from a different point of view.Now the daughter had grown up form a little girl to a mature woman.Part IV.Discussion about generation gap.Part V.Complete the exercises of the text.A report about generation gap

Lesson Three

Goods Move.People Move.Ideas Move.And Cultures Change.Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.How to develop an argument

Teaching difficulties: how to develop an argument

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Lead-in : Globalization has become one of those words with the highest frequency of appearance but at the same time it is also a most controversial issue in terms of content, implication and consequence.Since the early 1990s, globalization has developed rapidly and brought great changes to the world.However, groups of people for various reasons oppose globalization and point to the negative effects of globalization.So when we face an article of such an important and sensitive issue, we are apt to ask:

What is the author’s attitude towards globalization? What makes her adopt such an attitude? How does she present her argument?

Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.Structure of the text

Part i(para 1—3)Globalization is a reality but it is not something complietly new.What is new is the speed and scope of changes.Part ii(para 4—6)this part deals with different views on globalization.Part iii(para 7—9)three points are made in this part:

a.Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either.b.Cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them.c.Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.Part iv(para 10—13)this part tells of the author’s experience with Amanda Freeman.Part v(para 14—19)in order to prove fusion is the trend, the author used Tom Soper and mah-jongg as an example.Part vi(para 20—24)this part describes the cultural trends in Shanghai.Part viii(para25—28)the author used the experience at Shanghai Theatre Academy to illustrate the point that the change is at the level of ideas.Part ix(para 29—34)the author in this part introduced Toffler’s view on conflict, change and world order.Part x(para35—36)the main idea is there will not be a uniform world culture in the future;the cultures will coexist and transform each other.Part xii(37—39)the author again used an example in Shanghai to illustrate the transformation of culture.Part IV.Complete the exercises in the textbook

Part V.collect their viewpoints about attitude towards globalizaion.Lesson Four

Professions for Women

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties: how to understand the poetic and symbolic sentences in the article

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Background information: Virginia Woolf is generally regarded as one of the greatest writers of modernism as well as one of the pioneers of women’s liberation from patriarchy.She is known for her experimentation and innovation in novel writing.In her novel, emphasis is on the psychological realm of her characters and the moment-by-moment experience of living, which are depicted by the techniques of interior monologue and stream of consciousness.In this essay, Virginia Woolf gives a clear and convincing presentation of the obstacles facing professional women.Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.General analysis of the text

Para 1: In the profession of literature, the author finds that there are fewer experiences peculiar to women than in other profession because many women writers before her have made the road smooth.Para 2: the author responds to the host’s suggestion that she should tell the audience something about her own professional experiences.So she now tells her own story –how she became a book reviewer when she was a girl.Para 3.the speaker focuses on the first obstacle to becoming a professional women writer.She uses a figure of speech ―killing the Angel in the House‖ in describing her determination to get rid of the conventional role of women in her writing.Para 4.after the Angel was dead, the question which remains to be answered is ―what is a woman?‖ it is a transitional link between the quthor’s first and second experience.Paragraph 5.In this paragraph the author talks about her second experience in her profession of literature.As a novelist, she wished to remain “as unconscious as possible” so that nothing might disturb or disquiet the imagination.But she was faced with the conflict between her own approach to art and the conventional approach expected of her by male critics.She believed that sex-consciousness was a great hindrance to women's writing.To illustrate this point, she employs a second figure of speech, “the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake.”

Para 6.This paragraph sums up the author's two experiences, pointing out that the second obstacle is more difficult to overcome than the first.Women have many prejudices to overcome in the profession of literature and especially in new professions that women are entering.Para.7.In this last paragraph Woolf concludes her speech by raising some important questions concerning the new role of women and the new relationship between men and women.Part IV.Complete the exercise of the text

Part V.a report on the professional women in China

Lesson Five

Love Is a Fallacy

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand the

implication for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Lead-in:

This is a humorous essay in which the narrator tells his failure to win the heart of a young woman with the force of logic, which therefore proves to him that “l(fā)ove is a fallacy”--“it is inconsistent with logic.”

Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.Question on Appreciation:

1.How did the narrator describe himself? What does it show? How does the author bring out the pomposity of the narrator? What makes the satire humorous?

2.why was the narrator interested in Polly Espy? What kind of girl was she.3.How did the narrator's first date with Polly Espy go?

4.How does the language used by Polly strike you? Find some examples from the text and explain what effect her language creates.5.Why did the narrator teach Polly Espy logic? Did he succeed?

6.Did the narrator love Polly Espy? How did he try to “acquaint her with his feeling”?

7.How did Polly respond to the narrator's arguments for going steady with her? Why did she reject him? What does it show? As the story progresses, Polly turned out to be smarter than the narrator had previously thought.How does this contrast contribute to the humor of the piece?

Part IV complete the exercise in the text

Lesson Six

Life Beyond Earth

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.learn to analyze the text

Teaching difficulties: how to learn to analyze the text and understand the implication for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.General introduction:

The author deals with recent developments in the search for alien organisms.He discusses various arguments about alien civilization.He does not think that such belief and search is irrational or even crazy.He writes that most people with such belief ―operate from the same instinct, which is to know the truth about the universe‖.At the same time he maintains a scientific attitude, pointing out that although there are many persuasive arguments, there is still no hard evidence to prove the existence of alien life.Yet he does not stop there.He further points out that since the world we live in—the only inhabitable world in the universe so far—is still far from perfect, people in the world need to direct more energy to making it better.Life on Earth is his greater concern.Part II.Detailed study of the text:

Part III.Organization of the piece:

1.Analysis of the text:

(1)Paras.1--2

the emergence of life

(2)Para.3

(transition)What else is alive out

(3)Paras.4--10

search for life

(4)Paras.11--23

search for intelligence

(5)Paras.24--42

Mars.(6)Paras.43--45

Dyson's argument

(7)Paras.46--52

conclusion

2.Questions to discuss:

1)What do you think of the opening paragraph? Does the author begin the article in a forceful way?

2)What role does this paragraph play? What is meant by “the enveloping nebula of uncertainties”? What is the contrast involved as imroduced by “despite”?

3)What new idea is introduced in Paras.17--19?

4)Comment on the first sentence in Paragraph 21.5)Comment on the role of Paragraph 35.6)What is the conclusion of the author? What would the author expect of people investigating extraterrestrial life?

Lesson Seven

Invisible Man

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the implied meaning of some sentences

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the implied meaning in the sentence

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Background Information: 1.about the author

2.about the article

Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.Analysis of the text:

Para 1.From this opening paragraph we readers can learn a number of important things:

(l)By saying “It goes a long way back, some twenty years,” the author tells us that the story took place in the past.(2)The “I' here is the narrator, not the author, of the story, and the author is using the first-person narration in telling the story.As we read On, we will find this narrator is also the main character, the protagonist, of the story.(3)Words like ”I was looking for myself“ and ”I am nobody but myself“ point out the central theme of the novel--searching for self-identity.Para.2

This paragraph tells us a bit about the historical background against place.It also introduces a new character--the narrator's grandfather.On his deathbed, he said something that alarmed and puzzled the whole family.Para 3

This paragraph is about the tremendous effect of the grandfather's words upon the narrator, Those words became a constant puzzle for him.As the old man said these words ironically, the boy couldn't understand him.Although the grandfather did not appear in the battle royal scene or any other events in the rest of the book, his words haunted the narrator at every important moment in his life.Para 4

It tells us about the setting of the battle royal.The narrator was to give his speech at a smoker in a leading hotel in the town.The time is round 1950, the place is a hotel in a Southern town, and the occasion is a gathering of the leading white men of the town.Bearing these in mind will help us readers understand why things happened that way and what was the meaning of all this.Para.5 Besides giving more details about the place, this paragraph introduces the people involved in the incident the town's big shots, who were ”wolfing down the buffet food, drinking beer and whisky and smoking black cigars,“ and the other black boys who were to take part, who were ”tough guys".Para 6 to 9

The main body of the battle royal incident is from Paragraph 4 to paragraph 9.It can be further divided into 4 subsections: the naked white girl's dance;the fight itself;the grabbing for the prize money;the narrator's speech.Paragraphs 6 to 9 form the first subsection in which the author describes the white girl's dance.Paras.10--28 They form the second subsection of the battle royal incident violent and brutal fight itself.Pay attention to the use of specific words narration realistic and vivid.Paras.29--46 They describe how the white men further humiliated the black boys even after the battle royal was over.Instead of giving the money the boys were supposed to get for their performance, the white men made fun of them by making them scramble for the money on an electrified rug.This part adds to the general chaos of the whole scene.Para 47--90 They form the last subsection of the whole battle royal incident.In this part the narrator finally got his chance to deliver his well-prepared speech.However, in the middle of his speech, he made a mistake, but everything went well in the end and he was given an award--a scholarship for college.Para.91—94 They bring the story to a final end.The narrator was overjoyed with his triumph, and that night he dreamed of his grandfather and awoke with the old man’s laughter rining in his ears.Part IV.Complete the exercise in the text

Part V.Do some translation work.Lesson Eight

The Merely Very Good

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the development of the text

Teaching difficulties: how to analyze the development of the article and the implied meaning for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.Information on the author:

Jeremy Bernstein(1929-): professor of physics and writer.After getting his Ph.D.in physics at Harvard, he spent time at the institute for advanced study in Princeton and at the National Science Foundation.He taught physics for 5years at New York University and then at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey.But Jeremy Bernstein has also spent more than 30 years on the staff of The New Yorker magazine, writing mostly about physics, computers, and other topics in physical science.He moves as comfortably among sentences and paragraphs as among equations.Part II.Detailed study of the text:

Part III.Questions about the article

1.Oppenteimer is called ― Father of the Atomic Bomb‖ and had been in charge of the Los Alamas nuclear laboratory for many years.Yet the author considers him as merely very good.Do you think the author is right and fair in relegating Oppenheimer to the merely very good?

2.Do you think it is right to say to be highly focused or not is the cause separating the great ones from the merely very good? What is your view?

3.How does the author manage to bring the people he wants to compare into the article?

Oppenheimer’s anecdote: Oppenheimer and dirac meeting

Gottingen, talking about poetry and physics

His decision to go to the conference

Spender’s being at the conference—Spender’s obsession with Auden—great versus merely very good.4.How does the author develop the article?

He uses the 1981 conference as the benchmark and goes back to earlier times and in the last two paragraphs returns the scene to the time of writing.This technique of montage is used largely in cinema.For example:

The 1981 conference and the author’s indecision—(flashback to 1925—1927)earlier life of Oppenheimer and his relations with Dirac—(back to 1981)the author’s decision: Spender and Auden—(flashback)Spender and Oppenheimer(1956)—(1958)Oppenheimer, Dirac and the author—(back to 1981)meeting with Spender—(bringing the scene to 1996)concluding remarks.Lesson Nine

The Way to Rainy Mountain

Teaching aims: 1.fully understand the article

2.grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand the

implication for some sentences

Time distribution: eight periods

Teaching method: students-centered

Teaching procedures:

Part I.About the Author

N.Scott Momaday was born in Lawton, Oklahoma in 1934.Momaday belongs to a generation of American Indians born when most tribal communities had long ceased to exist as vital social organizations.His Kiowa ancestors shared with other Plains Indians the horrors of disease, military defeat, and cultural and religious deprivation in the 19th century.Their only chance of survival was to adapt themselves to new circumstances.Momaday’s grandfather, for example, adjusted to changing conditions by taking up farming, a decision pressed upon him by the General Allotment Act of 1887.Part II.Detailed study of the text

Part III.The analysis of the text

Para 1.the opening paragraph of the essay is a lyrical description of the author’s ancestral land, which plays a key role in his exploration of his Kiowa identity.Para 2.the author explains his purpose of his visit to Rainy Mountain: to be at his grandmother’s grave.Para 3.it sums up the history of the Kiowas as a Plains Native culture—the golden time and the decline in their history.Para 4.it is about how the Kiowas migrated from western Montana and how the migration transformed the Kiowas.Para 5.the author returns to his grandmother again.Since she is the immediate reason for him to come to Rainy Mountain, she is the link between the author and his ancestors.Para 6.The Kiowas felt a sense of confinement in Yellowstone, Montana.Para 7.this paragraph is a depiction of the landscape which they came upon when they got out of the highlands in Montana.Para 8.in this para the author describes Devil’s Tower and tells the Kiowas’s legend about it.Para 9.the author tells about the last days of the Sun Dance culture by using his grandmother as a witness.Para 10.for the first time, the author concentrates only on his grandmother’s story rather than mixing it with the history of the whole Kiowa tribe.Also for the first time, the author shifts the focus of depicting the lanscape to describing a person—his grandmother Aho as an old woman.Para 11—12 paragraph 11 is about the old houses at Rainy Mountain, which the author’s grandmother and other Kiowas used to live in, but which are now empty.This paragraph serves as a transition between the depiction of Grandma Aho and the reunion at her house.Para 11 and 12 describe the reunions that were once held at the grandmother’s house when the author was a child.We can see the author accepts change and loss as facts of life.He neither denies nor defies them.Imagination helps him strike a balance between them.So, after depicting his dead grandmother’s old house, he brings to life the joy and activity that once filled it.As a child Momaday took part in those events.By re-creating those scenes, he reminds himself of who he is.Part IV.Complete the exercise of the text

第三篇：現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀

對《大學(xué)英語精讀》教材進(jìn)行評價

《現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀》是我們大家熟悉的一本教材。精讀課，也就是我們上的基礎(chǔ)英語課，是高校英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段的一門核心課程，是幫助學(xué)生掌握聽、說、讀、寫、譯等基本語言技能的基礎(chǔ)課。精讀教材主要是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語用能力，使學(xué)生能夠從書中有所感悟，把所學(xué)到的語言知識與生活實(shí)際結(jié)合起來，使學(xué)習(xí)過程生活化。該教材還能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語思維能力和創(chuàng)新能力，而不是使學(xué)生拘泥于書本知識，主要的教學(xué)任務(wù)不是積累知識，而是開發(fā)學(xué)生的思維，該教材秉著以學(xué)生為中心的教學(xué)思想，教材的選材非常廣泛,符合學(xué)生興趣，是一本符合當(dāng)代大學(xué)生的優(yōu)秀教材。

一本好的教材有以下幾點(diǎn)特征；(1)、教學(xué)內(nèi)容和語言能夠反映快速變化的時代(2)、要處理好專業(yè)知識，語言訓(xùn)練和相關(guān)學(xué)科之間的關(guān)系(3)、教材不僅著眼于知識的傳授而要有助于學(xué)生的鑒賞批評能力、思維能力和創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)(4)、教學(xué)內(nèi)容要有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性和針對性。而《現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀》教材充分表現(xiàn)出一本好的教材的特點(diǎn)，在英語教學(xué)中起著積極的作用，主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面。

1、教材具有權(quán)威性。教材的權(quán)威性主要在于它努力體現(xiàn)新大綱的要求，任何教材的編寫都要相對應(yīng)的教學(xué)大綱作指導(dǎo)，而衡量教材的好壞的一個重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是看他是否符合大綱的具體要求。大學(xué)英語精讀教材是根據(jù)國家或地方教育部門頒發(fā)的教學(xué)大綱或課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編寫的，能夠較好的體現(xiàn)教學(xué)大綱或課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的教學(xué)目的、教學(xué)目標(biāo)、教學(xué)內(nèi)容以及教學(xué)方法，所以大學(xué)英語精讀教材完全符合大綱中有關(guān)教材的規(guī)定，有利于教學(xué)大綱和課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的有效實(shí)施。教材的權(quán)威性還取決于編寫人員的能力和素質(zhì)?，F(xiàn)代《 現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀》教材是北京外國語大學(xué)多名教授共同研究而成，這些教授具有豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和深厚的語言功底，而且教材有國內(nèi)著名的外語出版社出版，還是普通高等教育“十五”國家級規(guī)劃教材。所以，現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀教材在一定程度上能夠保證教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)過程和教學(xué)方法的科學(xué)性和合理性，從而保證教學(xué)質(zhì)量和教學(xué)效果。

2、教材具有系統(tǒng)性。從整體上看，教材體系完整，內(nèi)容豐富，有利于學(xué)生系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)語音、詞匯、語法等語言知識；材內(nèi)容從易到難，是一個逐步推進(jìn)的過程。第一年的教材主要任務(wù)是鞏固高中所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，這主要是考慮到大學(xué)新生需要時間來克服高中階段應(yīng)試教學(xué)的影響，要盡快幫助他們熟悉大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方法，養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，糾正他們的語音語調(diào)，鼓勵他們克服漢語方言對應(yīng)于發(fā)音的負(fù)面影響，同時，要讓學(xué)生意識到學(xué)習(xí)英語的目的關(guān)鍵是運(yùn)用，而不是為了做題。第二年的教材，主要是知識積累，要運(yùn)用各種方法擴(kuò)大詞匯量，提高對語法的掌握和運(yùn)用能力，還要加強(qiáng)寫作和翻譯的訓(xùn)練，因?yàn)檫@兩種技能需要從實(shí)踐中得到提高，而不是拘泥于書本知識，第三年的教材主要是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀水平，學(xué)生能夠獨(dú)立完成一個章節(jié)的閱讀，教材增加了閱讀的難度，這樣有助于提高學(xué)生的閱讀水平，第四年的精讀教材主要是使學(xué)生的聽、說、讀、寫、譯這五種能力得到全面的培養(yǎng)，是學(xué)生對這幾種基本技能同時得到訓(xùn)練。

3、教材選文具有多樣性?！冬F(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀》教材克服了傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)理念的缺陷，教材編寫體現(xiàn)了以應(yīng)用為本，聽、說、讀、寫、譯等多位一體的教材設(shè)計(jì)理念，把提高學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用能力放在首位。該系類教材的指導(dǎo)思想就是在課堂上創(chuàng)造一個真實(shí)的語言教學(xué)環(huán)境，使學(xué)生得各種語言技能得到充分的訓(xùn)練。教材中覆蓋的詞匯量超過大學(xué)英語四六級的水平，在教材的使用中學(xué)生強(qiáng)化了對單詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)率，該教材詞匯豐富，詞匯重復(fù)出現(xiàn)有助于強(qiáng)化記憶。閱讀理解的任務(wù)活動可以幫助學(xué)生檢測和深化對課文的理解，掌握各種閱讀技巧。在每一章節(jié)的聯(lián)系中還涉及了漢譯英和英譯漢的翻譯練習(xí)，這樣有助于訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的翻譯能力。而且，教材中選取的文章題材多樣，風(fēng)格各異，內(nèi)容豐富，涉及了政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化語言、科技、體育、風(fēng)俗人情等各方面。所以，該教材有利于學(xué)生更好地了解世界文化，培養(yǎng)跨文化意識和跨文化交際的能力。

總體來說，《現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀》教材合理的教學(xué)布局，能夠使學(xué)生的綜合能力得到全面的培養(yǎng),聽、說、讀、寫、譯等各項(xiàng)語言技能在教材中得到了綜合呈現(xiàn),該教材注重語言技能的培養(yǎng)、注重學(xué)生獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)能力的提高。但教材中也有一些不足之處，比如關(guān)于綜合技能的整體訓(xùn)練,以及學(xué)習(xí)技能和學(xué)習(xí)策略的建議有些不足。但整體上該教材是目前最適合大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的一本優(yōu)秀教材。

第四篇：現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀5Book

英語專業(yè)精讀課教案（第五冊）

Lesson One Where Do We Go from Here

Teaching aims:

To grasp the rhetorical device in the text

Teaching difficulties:

To identify the rhetorical deviceS in the sentence

Teaching procedure:

Step 1.Background information

Step 2.Organization of the text

Step 3.Detailed study of the article

I.Background information:

The 1960s were turbulent times for the United States.The anti-war movement, the Civil Right movement, the counter-culture movement, the feminist movement were all unfolding in this period of time.The civil Rights movement was a major movement which began with the Supreme Court decision of Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 and the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955.Martin Luther King jr.(1929-1968), as a key leader of the movement, played a significant and irreplaceable role.His name is associated with the march on Washington in 1963 and his famous speech “ I have a dream”, delivered in front of the Lincoln Memorial.He was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.this speech, delivered in 1967, in more on the side of reasoning and persuasion and less on emotional appeal.Thus his analysis of riots and revolution in the united states in his speech is sound and convincing.On the night of April4.1968, King was shot dead, as he stood o the balcony of his hotel in Memphis, Tennessee.Structure of the text

Part i.Para.1—2 Martin Luther King link the theme of the speech with the question of “Where we are now”.That is, in order to know where we go from here we must first recognize where we are now.Without knowing our present situation, how can we design a policy for the future?

Part ii Para.3--5 This is a transitional paragraph to call for all the African-American must “rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood”.Part iii(Para.6--9)In this part the author puts forward the second task: how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power.Then the author goes on to define power and points out the consequence of the misinterpretation of power.Part iv(Paras.10--15)This part deals with economic security for the Negro Americans.The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable.He also deals on the advantages of this security.Part v(paras.16—20)In this part, Martin reaffirms his commitment to nonviolence.He explains why he thinks violence is no solution to racial discrimination.He refutes the idea of Black revolution.Part vi(para 21—25)In this part, Dr.King raises a fundamental question—the restructuring of the whole of American society.He points out that the problem of racism.The problem of economic exploitation and the problem of war are tied together.They are the triple evils of the society.Part vii.(para 26—28)This part serves as the concluding remark for the speech: we shall overcome.

第五篇：大學(xué)英語精讀4單詞6-10.

Unit6 Inquiryn.詢問 Librariann.圖書管理員Resumevt.(中斷后)重新開始prelude n.前奏曲；序幕； humilityn.謙卑

Solelyad.Ownershipn所有（權(quán)）

beefsteakn.牛排 Receptaclen.容器 Transfervt.轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動Literallyad.確實(shí)地；簡直iceboxn.underline vt.在…下劃線（表示強(qiáng)調(diào)）

Forcefula.Bloodstreamn.血流

individualn.個人 Woodpulpn.木（紙）漿dipvt.浸；蘸 Shinya.發(fā)亮的restrain vt.抑制；控制；約束 Dog-eareda.（書頁）卷角的dilapidateda.破舊的；傾塌的 Loosenvt.（使）松開continuala.不斷的；頻繁的 Scribblevt.潦草書寫；亂涂preservevt.保護(hù)，保存 Intacta.完整無損的elegantlyad.優(yōu)美地；雅致地

Eleganta.bindvt.捆；綁；裝訂（書）Editionn.（書等的）版本；版paradisen.伊甸園；天堂 Crayonn.蠟筆；顏色筆originala.最初的；原著的； Statuen雕像inseparablea.Manufacturevt.制造；（大量）生產(chǎn)magnificenta.華麗的；宏偉的 Indispensablea.必不可少的consciousa.有意識的；神志清醒的 Glidevt.滑動，滑行understandingn.理解 Fictionn.小說croonvt.低聲吟唱

Readerschedulen.時間表，日程安排表 Invariablyad.不變地；始終如一地caviar(e)n.魚子醬

Sharpenvt.Disagreementn.分歧；不一致 Disagreevt.verticala.垂直的Emphasizevt.強(qiáng)調(diào)asteriskn.星號（即*）Doo-dadn.小裝飾物sparinglyad.節(jié)約地Sequencen.順序；連續(xù)；一連串relevanta.有關(guān)的；適宜的phrasen.短語end-papern.襯頁bookplaten.藏書票integratevt.使成一整體unityn.總體布局；統(tǒng)一

read between the lines體會字里行間的言 外之意do(sb.)good幫助（某人），對（某 人）有益dip into瀏覽；稍加探究

no more…than…

a set of一套so to sperk/say可以說；容許我打個譬喻be/get in the way擋道；礙事 in the second place第二；其次think through徹底全面考慮 reach for去抓；努力爭取

set downleave off consist in在于；存在于 tie up系緊；捆牢reduce…to把…歸納為

UNIT7luncheonn&vi

beckonvt向...招手或點(diǎn)頭示意addressvt.向...作（正式）講話，apartmentn.房間，（美）一套公寓住房 quartern.(都市的)區(qū)，街overlookvt.俯視，忽視

cemeteryn.公墓，墓地presentlyad.不久，（美）目前

senatorn.參議員，上議員meansn.財(cái)富，資產(chǎn)

francn.法郎imposinga.儀表堂堂的，宏偉的attractivea.吸引人的，有魅力的charminga.有魅力的devastatinga.毀滅性的，壓倒一切的 impressionn.印象

evena.整齊的，均勻的talkativea.好說話的，健談的inclineda.有...傾向的attentivea.專注的，體貼的，殷勤的 faren.食物bill of fare菜單

reassurevt.使安心generouslyad.慷慨的，大方的 generousa.salmonn.鮭魚

muttonn.羊肉chopn.排骨，肋條骨

heavya.（食物）難消化的overloadvt.使過載

lighta.酒精含量低的，淡的digestionn.消化

hospitablea.好客的effusivea.熱情洋溢的，感情（過多）流露的amicablea.flashn.閃爍，閃現(xiàn)

champagnen.香檳酒fancyvt.triflen.瑣事forbidvt.禁止

literaturen.文學(xué)（作品）airyn.輕盈的，做作的biten.asparagusn.蘆筍 watervi.Madamen.女士

mightn.willvt.以智力使

priestn.神父，牧師，教士assurevt.保證，使確信

tendera.柔弱的，柔嫩的marveln.sighvi.嘆氣panicn.恐慌

obligevt.強(qiáng)迫，使不得不dramatica.pickvt.juicya.多汁液的appetisinga.引起食味的，美味可口的wickeda.邪惡的thrustvt.猛推，刺，戳mouthfuln.draman.戲劇head waitern.ingratiatinga.討好的，奉承的peachn.桃子

blushn.innocenta.天真的，無罪的snackn.小吃instantn.meana.吝嗇的，刻薄的retortvt.反駁

humoristn.humorn.幽默

cabn.revengen.報(bào)仇，報(bào)復(fù) vt.替...報(bào)仇 vindictivea.immortala.不朽的pardonablea.complacencyn.自鳴得意

stonen.英石catch sight of

in answer tokeep body and soul together 勉強(qiáng)維持生活

pass through 穿過，經(jīng)歷be beyond one’s means 付不起

cut out 停止使用，戒除

at first sight 乍看之下，第一眼就 be inclined to 易于...的，傾向于，想come in 上市，有供應(yīng) can/could not very well 不好by all means 一定，務(wù)必 atriflecome to總計(jì)be in the habit of習(xí)慣于(not)in the leastleave over 留下，剩下bring onself to 強(qiáng)迫自己 make up one’s mind 決定start up 驚動，驚起 speak for 要求得到，為...說話，為...辯護(hù)in season 正在當(dāng)令之時 go on withtake/ have a hand in 參加，介入Unit 8 Virtuallyad.實(shí)際上，差不多somedayad.有朝一日 Manmade a.Palatablea.可口的，受歡迎的 Associationn.聯(lián)系legendn.傳說，傳奇Spiritn.神靈，鬼怪 Locationn.場所，位置 Afterlifen.來世 Tormentn.痛苦，折磨 Volcanica.Volcanon.Eruptionn.（火山）爆發(fā) Eruptvi Hellisha.Noxiousa.有害的，有毒的 Mankindn.人類 Downwardad.Outermosta.crustn.地殼 honeycombvt.使成蜂窩狀 giganticadj.巨大的；龐大的 antn.螞蟻 fogn.variationn.變化 equableadj.穩(wěn)定的 simplifyvt.earthquaken.地震 tyrannyn.專制 varyv.變化 variableadj.易變的 externallyadv.externaladj.artificialadj.adjustvt.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié) conveniencen.方便；便利 Stroke n.鐘鳴聲 Endeavo(u)r n.努力 vt.試圖 Mobile a.活動的 Entail vt.使成為必需 Jet n.噴射；噴氣式飛機(jī) Lag n.（長時間乘飛機(jī)旅行后產(chǎn)生的）時差反應(yīng) Gear vt.使適應(yīng)，使適合；用齒輪連接 n.齒輪；（汽車等的）排擋 Stabilize v.使穩(wěn)定；使平衡 Extent n.程度，范圍 Encumber n.塞滿，妨礙 House vt.給...提供住房；給...提供住房Recrea tion n.娛樂 Deprive vt.剝奪 Species n.物種 Habitat n.產(chǎn)地；棲息地 Involuntarily ad.不自覺的；無意識的 Involuntary a.Rat n.鼠 Roach n.蟑螂 Burrowv.打（地洞）Forestryn.林地；林學(xué)Terminaln.終點(diǎn)站 Atterminal 航空終點(diǎn)站；航空集散站 Occupationn.Visualizevt.想象 Visuala.視覺的 Derivevi.來自；起源于 Hydroponica.溶液培養(yǎng)學(xué)的；水栽法的 Illuminatevt.照亮；照明 Wildernessn.荒野

Stabilityn.穩(wěn)定性 Stablea.Withdrawv.撤退，撤回 Withdrawaln.Conditionvt.使處于良好狀態(tài) Greeneryn.草木

Horizontallyad.水平地 Horizontala.Pavementn.(英）人行道；（美）鋪過的道路

Suburbana.郊區(qū)的 Sprawln.散亂的街區(qū) Underworldn.Intensea.強(qiáng)烈的 restrictvt.限制 Dwellern.居住者

Repulsivea.令人厭惡的Expose to 使暴露在，在戶外，在野外 In the stroke 準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)地 At first thought 乍一想

To a certain extent 在一定程度上 Take up 占據(jù) Deprive of 剝奪

Mind you 聽著，請注意

Derive from 來自，起源于，從.....得到 Turn over 移交，交給 Get away from 離開，逃脫 Unit9

Physicistn.物理學(xué)家

Enrichvt.充實(shí)，使豐富，使富裕 Theoreticala.理論（上）的 Crouchvi.蹲；蹲伏 Poundn.池塘

Fascinatevt.強(qiáng)烈地吸引；迷住 Carpn.鯉魚 Lilyn.百合（花）；類似百合的植物（如睡蓮）

Shallowa.淺的 Dimlyad.Dima.暗淡的；模糊的；朦朧的 Aliena.陌生的；外國的；異族的 Comprehensionn.理解（力）Intriguevt.激起…的興趣（或好奇心）Barriern.障礙（物）Parallela.相對應(yīng)的；平行的 Unseena.未被看見的；看不見的 Rainstormn.暴（風(fēng)）雨 Bombardvt.轟炸；炮轟 Raindropn.雨點(diǎn)

Turbulenta.騷動的；混亂的；狂暴的 Bafflevt.使困惑，難倒；使受挫 Ignorancen.無知；愚昧 Comprehendvt.理解，領(lǐng)會 Entityn.實(shí)體

活過（某一段時間）dect

Loftya.高尚的；崇高的；傲慢的，冠冕堂皇的Furiouslyad.Furiousa.狂怒的；猛烈的；激烈的 Unsettlinga.使人不安的；意外的 Abruptlyad.Abrupta.突然的；意外的 Miraclen.奇跡 Witn.悟性；智力

Amazinga.令人驚異的，了不起的 Hurlv.猛投；力擲

Blindinga.炫目的，使人眼花繚亂的 Creaturen.生物；（尤指）動物；人 Resemblevt.與…相似；像 Finn.鰭

Contentedlyad.Contenteda.心滿意足的Dimensionn.尺度（寬度、長度、厚度、高度等）；（空間的）維

Graspn.&vt.抓??；把握；控制 Conceptn.觀念；概念 Vibrationn.振動，顫動 Vibratev.（使）振動，（使）顫動 Lastinga.持久的，永久的 Reverencen.尊敬；崇敬

Mysteryn.神秘的事物，迷；推理作品 Dedicatevt.把（一生等）獻(xiàn)給；把（時間、精力等）用于

Pursuitn.追求；從事；事業(yè) Constructvt.建造；構(gòu)成；創(chuàng)立 Unifyvt.使成為一體；使統(tǒng)一 Galaxyn.星系

nextto.緊靠、、、、旁邊，貼近movearound走來走去；到處游走 inalldirection四處 collect/gather one’swite使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來；恢復(fù)理智 hold/keepsb.Prisoner 關(guān)押某人；強(qiáng)留某人 notintheslightest一點(diǎn)也不；根本不 liveout活過（某一段時間）dedicate…to把，，獻(xiàn)給 gettorootof查明，，的根源 Unit 10 contentment.n 滿足intangible.a 觸摸不到的 crucial.a 決定性的，關(guān)鍵的psychological.a 心理的 historically.adhistorical.aassociate.vt.聯(lián)想 sin.n.罪孽compliant.n.抱怨contribution.n.necessity.n.必需品，必要性focus.n.焦點(diǎn) identity.n.身份，個性creativity.n.創(chuàng)造性 potential.n.潛力，潛能psychiatrist.n.精神病 heal.v.治愈，愈合，痊愈renew.vt.使更新 gainfully.ad.acute.a.嚴(yán)重的，急性的 symptom.a.癥狀institution.n.公共機(jī)構(gòu) workshop.n.車間，工廠wherein.conj.exert.vt.盡力reverse,n,相反，背面 absence.n.harmful.a.財(cái)政的，金融的 fend.vi.供養(yǎng)。照料unemployment.n.jobless.a.significant.a.重大的 significance.n.accomplished.a.有才藝的，有造詣的 meaningful.a.有重要意義或價值的tribute.n.證據(jù)，明證 inherent.a.內(nèi)在的，生來的craftsman.n.手藝人，工匠 lovingly.ad.精心地，深情地loving.a.bricklayer.n.attributable.a.可歸因于。。的 attribute.vt.把。。歸因于housekeeping.n.家政 staff.n.(全體）員工capacity.n.能力，容量 unique.a.獨(dú)特的demonstrate.vt.證明，證實(shí)，示范，演示 stock.n.股份，公債，證券broker.n.slavery.n.奴隸制度，奴隸身份經(jīng)紀(jì)人interact.vi.punishment.n.相互作用懲罰persistence.n.堅(jiān)持 persist.vi.distinctive.a.特殊的，與眾不同的 mightily.ad.mighty.a.coordination.n.協(xié)調(diào)coordinate.vt.lightning.n.閃電bystander.n.旁觀者 superbly.ad.superb.a.aspect.n.方面disclose.vt.揭示 predictable.a.可預(yù)料的，可預(yù)計(jì)的sporadic.a.零星發(fā)生的，偶爾的 collectivity.n.集體collective.a.status.n.地位，身份envy.vt.羨慕，妒忌 prestigious.a.有聲望的reflect.vt.反射，反映 glory.n.光榮，榮譽(yù)assert。Vt.宣稱，斷言

membership.n.成員或會員身份,全體成員或會員

associate with 把。與。聯(lián)系在一起take pride in 為。而感到驕傲

stock broker 證券經(jīng)紀(jì)人store up 儲存，儲備

esprit de corps 團(tuán)體精神，集體榮譽(yù)感 fend for oneself 照料自己，自行謀生in particular aside from 除了。以外at work

make the/one’s point 證明一個論點(diǎn)on the whole

work off 除去，清除

long for 渴望

pride oneself on 以。自豪