第一篇:《人都是要死的》書評(大全)
《人都是要死的》書評
安亭小學(xué)錢靜莉
這個(gè)寒假感覺自己過得特別踏實(shí),因?yàn)槲液团畠撼ο嗵幵谝黄穑@是我當(dāng)了媽媽之后最想要的做的一件事。每天下午女兒睡覺時(shí),我就翻閱了法國作家西蒙娜·德·波伏瓦的名著《人都是要死的》。這本書講述了中世紀(jì)時(shí)期,一個(gè)名叫福斯卡的君主努力振興城邦,治理國家的艱難一生。書中的福斯卡與法國探險(xiǎn)家卡利埃勘探加拿大大草原;在法國度過一七八九年革命爆發(fā)前的啟蒙時(shí)期;參加1830年推翻波旁王朝的群眾起義;目睹一八四八年席卷歐洲,使工人階級登上國際政治舞臺的革命運(yùn)動。在與普通人的接觸中,福斯卡逐漸明白:人生雖然短促,誰都無法避免死亡,但是每個(gè)人的心中都潛伏著鑠石流金的生命巖漿,在出生與死亡之間的生命過程中,一旦得到誘發(fā)和機(jī)遇,會做出驚天動地的大事,人還是可以有所作為的。從歷史的角度看,一時(shí)的勝利會成為日后失敗的伏筆,一時(shí)的失敗也可能是日后勝利的種子。從有限的人生來看,一切成就還是具體而微的,勝利來臨而失敗未至的時(shí)刻人總是征服者,不管未來如何是奈何他不得的。福斯卡又看到,有了這樣的信念,值得人去珍惜自己有限的生命;為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的信念,又值得人去獻(xiàn)出自己寶貴的生命。生命一代代往下傳,使人始終有愛,有恨,有微笑,有眼淚,充滿了理想和希望。
人都是要死的,一個(gè)如此簡單的,經(jīng)過無數(shù)次檢驗(yàn)的命題,涉及到我們每一個(gè)人。是的,每一個(gè)人,無論你是誰,無論你降生在哪個(gè)家庭,無論你擅長什么,無論你曾遭遇什么樣的不幸,最終我們都會死去。當(dāng)然,即使意識到了這一點(diǎn),并不能推斷出人應(yīng)該珍惜(自己的和別人的)生命這個(gè)倫理原則。但是,我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的就是這一點(diǎn):不僅自己要好好活著,也請珍惜你身邊還活著的人,因?yàn)槟且馕吨氵€暫時(shí)還可以對他/她微笑,還可以看到他/她對你的回應(yīng)。慶幸自己有一份穩(wěn)定的工作,擁有一個(gè)幸福的家庭?,F(xiàn)在該做些什么呢,努力工作,孝敬長輩,養(yǎng)育兒女,為自己和身邊的每一個(gè)人好好活著!
第二篇:我們都是物業(yè)人
我們都是物業(yè)人
——物業(yè)人的風(fēng)雨歲月
30年前,有個(gè)行業(yè)橫空出世
他的名字叫物業(yè)管理
他承載著中國600多萬以農(nóng)民工為主體的物業(yè)人的夢想 他的不平凡注定了他生存的坎坷
他被開發(fā)商當(dāng)成干兒子,卻受了這位后娘的冷落
他被業(yè)主當(dāng)成保姆,物業(yè)管理費(fèi)卻收的艱難
他是媒體曝光的焦點(diǎn),也是被妖魔化的主角
他肩負(fù)重任艱難前行
當(dāng)有業(yè)主把保安罵成看門狗時(shí),請問這位高貴的業(yè)主:中國人民解放軍海陸空多少人?是200萬。請問這位高貴的業(yè)主:中國物業(yè)管理行業(yè)保安多少人?是200萬。社區(qū)安全是誰的貢獻(xiàn)?
待遇不高,日夜操勞,擔(dān)驚受怕,安全責(zé)任重大
公共財(cái)產(chǎn)安全、設(shè)備安全、車輛安全、消防安全
業(yè)主們,危難時(shí)你想到了誰?
承擔(dān)著價(jià)值數(shù)十萬億恒產(chǎn)保值增值壓力
高房價(jià),你知道的;資產(chǎn)對于人的意義,你懂的維護(hù)、維修、保養(yǎng)、管理;付出大于收獲
物業(yè)人,有誰計(jì)較了?
業(yè)主的節(jié)假日就是物業(yè)人勞動節(jié)
業(yè)主帶著壞情緒走來物業(yè)人必須用好心情接待
業(yè)主的事情物業(yè)人比自己的事情還用心
業(yè)主的親友物業(yè)人都當(dāng)成業(yè)主對待
有人說,上輩子做了孽,這輩子做物業(yè)
我卻說,上輩子積了德,這輩子做物業(yè)
做物業(yè)就是在積德!
每個(gè)物業(yè)人都是一尊佛
物業(yè)不是慈善卻做著慈善事業(yè)
微利甚至虧損,數(shù)億業(yè)主受益
365天24小時(shí)分分秒秒,時(shí)刻在崗
寒暑風(fēng)雪,天高云淡,始終如一
我驕傲,我是物業(yè)人
我自豪,物業(yè)行業(yè)走在春天里
物業(yè)管理30歲了,而立之年
我衷心祝福:物業(yè)管理人,平安幸福、快樂!
第三篇:書評
外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué) 2012132077號 姜作超
Introduction to Contemporary Syntax(當(dāng)代句法學(xué)導(dǎo)論)is written by Professor Wen Binli of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.It is a book for English learners who are beginners of syntax.This book introduces the dominant theory of contemporary syntax study------Chomsky’s Government and Binding Theory, or the Principle and Parameter System before the publication of his “the Minimalist Program” in 1995.By using plain language, Professor Wen Binli elaborated various theoretical components: Theta Theory, X-bar Theory, Binding Theory, Control Theory, Government Theory and Bounding Theory.This book consists of twelve chapters, each chapter permeates with each other, and the content is systematic and cohesive.The first chapter is a brief introduction to the whole book, in which the author discusses some theoretical problems about the study of language.In this chapter the author discusses the relationship between language study and language theory, introduces two method and three methodological principles of language study, and explains the main content of this book and several problems about the edition of this book.The second chapter is about category classification and some basic syntactic concepts.This chapter describes three issues: word category, phrase category, and sentence structure and several structural relationships.The third chapter introduces Theta Theory, including subcategorization, argument structure, thematic structure, assigning θ-role, and the like.According to Theta Theory, a sentence is a structure with verb as the center.It is the features of words that determine the basic structures of sentences.The forth chapter discusses X-bar theory.This chapter reveals that the internal structures of a variety of phrases and clauses are consistent with X-bar Theory, that is all of them have common structural features.The fifth chapter is about Case Theory, including specifier-head agreement, Constituent-command theory, abstract case, morphological case, case assignment and Case Filter.The sixth chapter introduces Binding Theory.In this chapter the author distinguishes pronouns, anaphors and referring expressions and introduces three binding theories of pronouns, anaphors and referring expressions.The seventh chapter is a discussion of two different categories: PRO and pro.This chapter discusses the features, distribution and permissive conditions of PRO and pro as well as Control Theory.The eighth chapter is about NP-Movement.NP-Movement mainly involves three structures: passive construction, raising construction and unaccusative construction.This chapter explains the features of NP-Movement and how NP-Movement occurs.The ninth chapter discusses Wh-Movement.Wh-Movement occurs mostly in wh-sentences and relative clauses.This chapter also discusses the features, reasons and end points of Wh-Movement.Bounding Theory, which confines Wh-Movement, is also introduced.The tenth chapter introduces the features and permissive conditions of traces left after NP-Movement and Wh-Movement.This chapter explains Empty Category Principle, the phenomenon of parasitic gap, and strong crossover and weak crossover.The eleventh chapter is about logical form, which is a kind of semantic expression formed through α-movement on the basis of S-structure.α-movement is abstract movement, including quantifier raiding and wh-raising.This chapter also discusses the phenomenon of “subject-object asymmetry”, “γ-making” and “subject-adjunct asymmetry”.The last chapter introduces Head Movement.This chapter discusses Head Movement Constraint and introduces Pollock’s Split INFL Hypothesis.For beginners of English syntax, this book is a rather good material.The gradation of content is reasonable.The arrangement of the content is from suppleness to difficulty.It is easy for students to understand and learn.Students can learn step by step and at last master the knowledge of syntax.J.D.Brown suggests that materials should be considered from five perspectives: background, fit to curriculum, physical characteristics, logistical characteristics, and teachability.Cunningsworuth also suggests four guidelines for study materials: First, course book should correspond to learners’ needs.Second, course book should reflect the uses which learners will make of the language.Third, course book should take account of students’ needs as learners and should facilitate their learning processes, without dogmatically imposing a rigid “method”.Last, course book should have a clear role as a support for learning.According to the above criteria, this book is pretty good.The reasons are as follows: In this book, the statement of the Principle and Parameter theory and its subtheories is systematic and comprehensive.The structure of this book is clear and appropriated.In general, each chapter of this book presents a different theory, and each theory and principle lays a sound foundation for theories of latter chapters.When stating the content of each chapter, the author does not confined to the statement in a single linear level, but use comprehensive method of statement.By adopting this method, the author not only constructs the systematicness and integrity of syntactic theory but also leads the students to master theoretical knowledge of syntax more profound.The logic of this book is clear and the language used is simple and plain.All the principles and theories in this book are summed up on the basis of the analysis of language materials.In the process of analyzing language materials, the author uses localized language, take examples, uses contrast and comparison method to make the statement easy to understand and master for Chinese students.In short, through the usage of various kinds of statement, localized language, and clear logic, the author makes abstract and obscure syntactic theories and principles easy to understand for Chinese learners.In addition, the well-designed exercises after each chapter can trigger the interest of further reading for students and lead learners to contemplate deeper so as to improve the ability of thinking, analyzing and solving problems.
第四篇:書評
這個(gè)歷經(jīng)百年的家族,從第一代何塞?阿爾卡蒂奧?布恩迪亞開始,直到第八代為止,都生活在仿佛是宿命一般的孤獨(dú)之中,而他們每個(gè)人的一生都在與孤獨(dú)做著至死不休的決斗,卻在終點(diǎn)都與它相依為命。何?阿?布恩迪亞終生都在尋找通向新自由世界的大路,研究煉金術(shù)、銀版攝影,而暮年時(shí)卻只能被綁在栗樹下喃喃自語;奧雷里亞諾上校不斷地發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭,年老時(shí)的他卻將自己鎖在房間里制作小金魚;阿瑪蘭妲費(fèi)盡心思得到自己的愛,同時(shí)也贏得了許多人的鐘情,然而最終也只能一遍一遍地縫補(bǔ)自己的壽衣,并在壽衣縫好之日魂歸西天;麗貝卡的內(nèi)心蘊(yùn)藏著整個(gè)家族中最深沉的勇氣,然而仍舊在長滿苔蘚的房間中孤獨(dú)終老,逐漸被人遺忘;曾經(jīng)極度好客的梅梅,愛情亦是轟轟烈烈,在花季依舊時(shí)卻永遠(yuǎn)封住了自己的嘴,至死也未說一句話……直到最后一代子嗣被螞蟻吞噬,整個(gè)馬孔多消失在颶風(fēng)之中,他們都未曾逃脫從出生開始就伴隨他們的命運(yùn)。
博爾赫斯曾評價(jià)《百年孤獨(dú)》是一部最能體現(xiàn)西班牙浪漫主義色彩的書,通篇幾乎沒有愛情,卻甚為浪漫。細(xì)細(xì)想來,正是孤獨(dú)造就了這種浪漫。孤獨(dú)并不是可恥、需要摒棄和踐踏的。書中的每一個(gè)人經(jīng)過的掙扎,都最終在孤獨(dú)里找到了依靠,對于他們來說,這甚至比愛情更為可親。不管是文明尚未開始的蠻荒時(shí)代,還是滾滾車輪帶來的充滿喜悅哀愁的興盛,孤獨(dú)讓布恩迪亞家族的命運(yùn)形成了一圈又一圈的輪回。孤獨(dú)讓他們安靜、讓它們了解自己的內(nèi)心,同時(shí)也了解他人的內(nèi)心、了解自己究竟為何來到這個(gè)世界上,在世界的終點(diǎn)與等待自己的宿命終結(jié)之前應(yīng)該完成什么,然后,孤獨(dú)讓他們坦然接受自己的命運(yùn)、讓他們活在自己最絢爛的一刻,永遠(yuǎn)不死。如同阿瑪蘭妲在最終得知自己的死期后反而面容安詳一樣:他們的靈魂在此刻得到了永久的安寧。
第五篇:書評
淺評石云濤所著《安史之亂》
石云濤,河南太康人,文學(xué)碩士,歷史學(xué)博士,北京外國語大學(xué)教授。主要從事唐史、唐詩、絲綢之路與文化交流的研究。此書是中華書局出版的大史記書系(《安史之亂》、《靖康之變》、《永樂遷都》、《太后垂簾》、《洪憲帝制》)之一,2007年5月一版,2008年2月再版。
本書相較其它史書,在于嚴(yán)肅之余,尚有文采,善描繪,營造歷史畫面感,使得人物往往呼之欲出。如書中針對玄宗與貴妃的產(chǎn)纏綿悱惻,不僅引用了白居易著名的《長恨歌》,“在天愿為比翼鳥,在地愿為連埋枝。天長地久有盡時(shí),此恨綿綿無絕期”。同時(shí),自己根據(jù)一定史料,予以創(chuàng)作,生動還原歷史。摘引如下,“玄宗晚年的情感生活,就沉浸在與貴妃的恩恩怨怨溫柔富貴鄉(xiāng)里。楊貴妃因驕縱使性,亦曾觸怒玄宗,一次以妒悍忤旨,玄宗令高力士把她送還楊宅。但玄宗很快便思之不已,時(shí)過中午,還無心吃飯,動不動就發(fā)火。高力士察知玄宗本意,請召貴妃還宮。玄宗重見楊妃,恩寵又過平時(shí)。楊貴妃成為玄宗的情感所系和精神依賴。又一次是······楊貴妃悔恨號泣,抽刀剪發(fā)交給高力士,請高力士轉(zhuǎn)交玄宗,“珠玉珍異,皆上所賜,不足充獻(xiàn),惟發(fā)父母所生,可達(dá)妾意,望持此伸妾萬一慕戀之誠?!毙诘冒l(fā),揮涕憫然,急命高力士將貴妃迎回”。文字的修飾和事例的選取皆有的放矢,使貴妃和玄宗間細(xì)膩的愛情躍然紙上,玄宗縱是一天子,也是一癡人。且當(dāng)代詩人詩文的點(diǎn)綴其中,不僅使史料得到了充盈,也使文章文采斐然。如“詩人李白,此時(shí)正在廬山隱居,聽說洛陽失陷的消息,非常痛心,留下了千古流傳的《古風(fēng)》第十九首,其中有云:“俯視洛陽川,茫茫走胡兵。流血涂野草,豺狼盡冠纓””。這樣的詩文可謂比比皆是,大多哭訴“國破山河在”的悲憤,用詩文巨大的感染力,呼喚讀者內(nèi)心的共鳴。
本書分為三個(gè)部分,山雨欲來,龍虎爭斗,余波未平。基本按照時(shí)間的書序記述了安史之亂的過程。從天寶十四載十一月安祿山發(fā)動叛亂起,至代宗寶應(yīng)二年正月史朝義授首為止,戰(zhàn)亂延續(xù)長達(dá)七年零三個(gè)月,致使輝煌的大唐帝國終究一去不復(fù)返了。
作為安史之亂的始作俑者—安祿山,其人書中介紹如下,首先,一個(gè)出身胡族混合血統(tǒng)的人,從小沒有受過正統(tǒng)的教育和儒學(xué)經(jīng)典的熏陶,本身缺乏忠君愛國的觀念是肯定的。其次,粟特人善于經(jīng)商,又長于戰(zhàn)斗。第三,互市牙郎一個(gè)最基本的素質(zhì)是善揣人意,巧言善誘,一語中的,說進(jìn)人的心窩,這樣才可能成功撮合生意,使買賣雙方皆大歡喜。據(jù)此可以想象此人具有如下的性格特點(diǎn):善鉆營,有心機(jī),會投機(jī),為了利己敢于損人,又長于拍馬屁。作為安史之亂的受害者及縱容者—唐玄宗,卻在安史之亂爆發(fā)前對其信任到了無以復(fù)加的地步,對于上書言安祿山意欲謀反的朝中大臣,皆交于安祿山本人處置。這使得安祿山招兵買馬更加肆無忌憚,大唐帝國已處于風(fēng)雨欲來之時(shí)。由于最初的猝不及防,大唐官軍連連失守,不得不出走長安,兵至馬嵬坡,官兵皆饑渴難忍,終于爆發(fā)了史上有名的“馬嵬坡之變”,楊國忠身首異處,楊貴妃香消玉損。太子與玄宗自此分道揚(yáng)鑣,玄宗開始退居幕后,做起了太上皇。戰(zhàn)爭是殘酷的,關(guān)于睢陽之役,文中有一段記敘,“他們克服一切困難,死守睢陽。茶紙吃光了,就吃戰(zhàn)馬,馬吃光了,就捉野雀,掘老鼠,雀和老鼠也吃光了,張巡殺死自己的愛妾,許遠(yuǎn)也殺死自己的家奴,然后搜括城中的婦女,殺了供戰(zhàn)士們吃。婦女吃光了,接著殺城中的男子老弱不能打仗者。每個(gè)人都知道必死無疑,卻沒有一個(gè)人背叛。最后城中只剩四百人?!睉?zhàn)爭的殘酷,令人不寒而栗。起初,叛賊的進(jìn)攻是所向披靡的,很快攻下兩都,天寶十五載正月一日,安祿山稱帝國號大燕,自稱雄武皇帝,建元曰圣武元年。此應(yīng)是叛軍最猖狂的時(shí)刻,然普羅大眾還是一心向唐的,人心未死,乃可反戈一擊。且大唐有眾多將領(lǐng)可謂對大唐王朝忠心不二,愿馬革裹尸而還。如著名書法家顏真卿,其兄顏杲卿,大將哥舒翰,郭子儀,李光弼等人皆親赴沙場,臨危受命。然,可惜的是大唐卻總有奸人誤國,使得多次戰(zhàn)機(jī)遺失,從最初的李林甫、楊國忠到宦官李輔國,這樣只計(jì)個(gè)人得失的小人,伴隨了唐王朝由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰至覆滅。唐王朝的離心離德使得戰(zhàn)事持久,叛軍那邊的改旗易幟,使得余孽不斷。安祿山死于其子之手,史思明又滅了安慶緒,卻又最終被自己的兒子史朝義所取代。
最終,安史之亂結(jié)束了,可結(jié)束時(shí)的大唐已是滿目瘡痍。最受苦的是百姓,妻離子散,家破人亡。而作為封建統(tǒng)治者上層,雖總打著仁愛的招牌,實(shí)際上卻干著“磨牙狁血”的勾當(dāng)。為盡快平定叛亂,求助于回紇精騎,許諾打下長安、洛陽,兩都的子女金帛歸回紇所有,任其搶掠。這顯然是不顧百姓權(quán)益,任其蹂躪??梢姺饨ㄍ醭K是一家之幸,而絕非天下之幸。本書無論文筆,還是選材都可圈可點(diǎn),尚是一部可讀之書,尤其是對于歷史愛好者。然遺憾的是,本書最終雖總結(jié)了安史之亂影響,卻沒有與中國歷史上其他的類似事件如靖難之役進(jìn)行比對,進(jìn)一步挖掘安史之亂深層次的歷史原因及特色。同時(shí),人都說,“前事不忘后事之師”,這樣突出的歷史事件,留給今人的反思在書中也沒有提及,通讀全文,我最大的感想便是,人治終是靠不住的,法制和民主才是一個(gè)國家的希望和前途。
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