第一篇：中醫(yī)英語翻譯常用詞匯英漢對(duì)照03

中草藥 Chinese medicinal herbs

炮制 processing

四氣五味 four properties and five tastes

清除雜質(zhì) eliminating impurity

入藥部分 the part used for medical purpose

作用和緩 mild effect

藥物采集 collection of herbs

發(fā)散解表 relieving exterior syndrome by dispersion

收斂 astringency

方劑學(xué) science of prescriptions

軟堅(jiān)散結(jié) softening hardness to dissipate stagnation

配伍關(guān)系 compatibility

燥濕健脾 drying dampness and strengthening the spleen

組成規(guī)律 prescription-formulating principle

升降沉浮 ascending, descending, sinking and floating

方劑的加減 modification of prescriptions

歸經(jīng) meridian tropism

劑型和劑量 drug form and dosage

用藥禁忌 contraindication in using herbs

君臣佐使 monarch, minister, assistant and guide

藥物用量 dosage

藥物毒性 toxicity of medicinal herbs

辛溫解表藥 relieving exterior syndrome with herbs pungent in taste and warm in nature

十八反與十九畏 eighteen incompatible herbs and nineteen herbs of mutual antagonism

袪風(fēng)濕藥 herbs for expelling wind and dampness

調(diào)和諸藥 moderating the property of herbs

胸痛徹背 thoracic pain involving the back

溫經(jīng)散寒 warming meridians to dissipate cold

清熱涼血藥 herbs for clearing away heat and cooling blood

宣肺平喘 disperse lung qi to stop asthma

引經(jīng)報(bào)使 guiding action

靈活化裁 flexible modification

針灸療法 acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, acumox

清散郁熱 clearing away and dispersing stagnant heat

針刺補(bǔ)瀉 reinforcing and reducing techniques for needling

隨癥加減 modification according to symptoms

針刺手法 needling techniques, manipulation

藥物飲片 processed herbs

進(jìn)針手法 methods for inserting the needle

內(nèi)服散劑 powder for oral taking

針刺止痛 alleviating pain with acupuncture

外用膏劑 medicinal extract for exterior application

針刺麻醉 acupuncture anesthesia, acu-anesthesia

開水沖服 mixing in boiled water for oral taking

針感 needling sensation

濃縮浸膏 condensed extract

皮內(nèi)針 intradermal needle

耳針療法 ear acupuncture treatment

針刺的角度與深度 angle and depth of needling

提插捻轉(zhuǎn) lifting, thrusting, swirling and rotating

雙手進(jìn)針法 insertion of needle with double hands

水針療法 hydro-acupuncture therapy

行針 manipulating the needle

頭針療法 scalp-acupuncture therapy

化膿灸 blistering moxibustion

推拿手法 manipulations for tuina, manipulating techniques

瘢痕灸 scarring moxibustion

減輕疼痛 alleviating pain

艾炷灸 moxibustion with moxa cone

功法訓(xùn)練 exercise for practicing tuina

燈火灸 lamp moxibustion

放松肌肉 relaxing muscles

溫針灸 warm needling method

解除肌肉緊張 relieving muscular tension

一指禪推法 pushing manipulation with one finger

活動(dòng)受限 confined activity

點(diǎn)按法 point-pressing manipulation

關(guān)節(jié)脫位 dislocation of joint

大魚際揉法 kneading manipulation with the large thenar醫(yī).學(xué)全.在.線網(wǎng)站

腰椎間盤突出 protrusion of lumbar vertebral disc

交替搓揉 alternative rubbing and kneading

旋轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)位 rotating reduction

腰肌勞損 injury of lumbar muscles

軟組織損傷 injury of soft tissues

解除痙攣 relieving spasm

關(guān)節(jié)粘連僵硬 adhesion and stiffness of joint

外感發(fā)熱 exogenous fever

滑利關(guān)節(jié) lubricating joint

脈象浮緊 floating and tense pulse

手法補(bǔ)瀉 reinforcing and reducing manipulations

寒邪束表 pathogenic cold hampering the exterior

拇指平推法 horizontal pushing with the thumb

邪熱入里 interior invasion of pathogenic heat

午后潮熱 afternoon tidal fever

四肢厥冷 cold limbs

熱擾神明 heat disturbing mind

陽(yáng)氣不振 inactivation of yang-qi

形體消瘦 emaciation

少氣懶言 lack of qi and no desire to speak

祛痰止咳藥 herbs for eliminating phlegm and stopping cough

該文章轉(zhuǎn)載自醫(yī)學(xué)全在線：http:///yingyu/2008/23230.shtml

第二篇：情緒詞匯英漢對(duì)照

英語情感詞匯

高興 名詞：delight;happiness;laughter;pleasure;joy;形容詞： delightful;delighted;happy;pleased;pleasant;cheerful;excited;exciting;amusing;merry;joyful;overjoyed;glad;動(dòng)詞：

amuse;cheer;enjoy;laugh;

悲傷 名詞: sadness;sorrow;tear;depression;grief；heartbreak(n&v);suffering 形容詞：sad;depressed;depressing;blue;down;bitter;miserable;unhappy;upset;gloomy(憂郁的)；discouraged;tearful;heartbreaking 動(dòng)詞： depress;weep;distress;frustrate

感動(dòng) 形容詞：moved;moving;touched;touching 動(dòng)詞： move;touch;affect

驚奇 名詞：surprise;amazement;astonishment;shock;wonder;形容詞：surprising;surprised;amazed;amazing;shocked;shocking;astonished;astonishing;curious;fantastic;動(dòng)詞：surprise;amaze;astionish;

憂慮 名詞：anxiety;pressure;stress;tension;worry（n&v）;concern(n&V)形容詞： anxious;worried;tense;nervous;concerned;uneasy(不安的)

滿意 名詞：satisfaction;形容詞：satisfied;satisfying 動(dòng)詞：satisfy

遺憾

名詞：pity;shame;

形容詞：ashame;sorry;regretful 動(dòng)詞：regret;

恐懼 名詞：fear;terror;fright;panic(n&v);形容詞：frightening;frightened;afraid;horrible;terrible;trembling;scared;

terrifying;terrified 動(dòng)詞：frighten;terrify;tremble;scare(n&v)憤怒 名詞：anger;irritation 形容詞：angry;annoyed;動(dòng)詞：annoy;irritate

失望

名詞：disappointment;hopelssness;boredom;discouragement;despair(n&v)形容詞：disappointing;disappointed;hopeless;boring;bored;desperate；

動(dòng)詞：disappoint;bore;

嫉妒 名詞：jealousness 形容詞：green-eyed;jealous 動(dòng)詞：envy 其他

形容詞：confusing;puzzling;embarrassing;embrassed;guilty(愧疚的)； sympathetic（同情的）；rediculous（荒謬的；可笑的）；disgusting(令人討厭的)；positive(積極的)；negative（消極的）optimistic(樂觀的)；pessimistic（悲觀的）；subjective(主觀的)；

objective(客觀的)；approving(贊同的)；disapproving（反對(duì)的）;indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)； considerate(體貼的；考慮周到的);controversial(有爭(zhēng)議的)；neutral(中立的)；

suspicious（懷疑的）

第三篇：人力資源常用詞匯 英漢對(duì)照

人力資源常用詞匯 英漢對(duì)照

原文鏈接：

Acceptability 可接受性

Achievement tests 成就測(cè)試

Action plan 行動(dòng)計(jì)劃

Action steps 行動(dòng)步驟

Adventure learning 探險(xiǎn)學(xué)習(xí)法

Adverse impact 負(fù)面影響

Agency shop 工會(huì)代理制

Alternative dispute resolution(ADR)建設(shè)性爭(zhēng)議解決方法Analytic approach 分析法

Appraisal politics 評(píng)價(jià)政治學(xué)

Apprenticeship 學(xué)徒制

Arbitrary 仲裁

Assessment 評(píng)價(jià)

Assessment center 評(píng)價(jià)中心

Attitude awareness and change program 態(tài)度認(rèn)知與改變計(jì)劃Attitudinal structuring 態(tài)度構(gòu)建

Audiovisual instruction 視聽教學(xué)

Audit approach 審計(jì)法

Balanced scorecard 綜合評(píng)價(jià)卡

Basic skills 基本技能

Behavior-based program 行為改變計(jì)劃

Behavior modeling 行為模擬

Benchmarks 基準(zhǔn)

Benchmarking 評(píng)判

Benefits 收益

Bonus 獎(jiǎng)金

Boycott 聯(lián)合抵制

Career 職業(yè)

Career counseling 職業(yè)咨詢

Career curves(maturity curves)職業(yè)曲線（成熟曲線）Career management system 職業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)

Career support 職業(yè)支持

Centralization 集權(quán)化

Coach 教練

Cognitive ability 認(rèn)知能力

Cognitive outcomes 認(rèn)知性結(jié)果

Collective bargaining process 勞資談判過程

Community of practice 演練小組

Compa-ratio 比較比率

Compensable factors 報(bào)酬要素

Competency assessment 能力評(píng)估

Competitive advantage 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)

Concentration strategy 集中戰(zhàn)略

Concurrent validation 同時(shí)效度

Consumer price index, CPI 消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)

Content validation 內(nèi)容效度

Continuous learning 持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)

Contributory plan 投入計(jì)劃

Coordination training 合作培訓(xùn)

Core competencies 核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力

Criterion-related validity 效標(biāo)關(guān)聯(lián)效度

Critical incident 關(guān)鍵事件

Critical incident method 關(guān)鍵事件法

Cross-cultural preparation 跨文化準(zhǔn)備

Cross-training 交叉培訓(xùn)

Cultural environment 文化環(huán)境

Cultural shock 文化沖擊

Customer appraisal 顧客評(píng)估

Data flow diagram 數(shù)據(jù)流程圖

Database 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

Decentralization 分散化

Decision support systems 決策支持系統(tǒng)

Defined-benefit plan 養(yǎng)老金福利計(jì)劃

Defined-contribution plan 資方養(yǎng)老金投入計(jì)劃

Delayering 扁平化

Depression 沮喪

Development planning system 開發(fā)規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)

Differential piece rate 差額計(jì)件工資

Direct costs 直接成本

Discipline 紀(jì)律

Disparate impact 差別性影響

Disparate treatment 差別性對(duì)待

Diversity training 多元化培訓(xùn)

Downsizing 精簡(jiǎn)

Downward move 降級(jí)

Efficiency wage theory 效率工資理論

Electronic performance support system(EPSS)電子績(jī)效支持系統(tǒng)Employee empowerment 員工授權(quán)

Employee leasing 員工租借

Employee survey research 雇員調(diào)查與研究

Employee wellness programs(EWPs)雇員健康修煉計(jì)劃

Entrepreneur 企業(yè)家

Equal employment opportunity(EEO)公平就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)

Essay method 書面方式

Ethics 道德

Expatriate 外派雇員

Expert systems 專家系統(tǒng)

External analysis 外部分析

External growth strategy 外邊成長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略

External labor market 外部勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)

Factor comparison system 因素比較法

Feedback 反饋

Flexible benefits plans(cafeteria plans)靈活的福利計(jì)劃（自助福利方案）Flextime 靈活的時(shí)間

Forecasting（勞動(dòng)力供求）預(yù)測(cè)

Formal education programs 正規(guī)教育計(jì)劃

Frame of reference 參照系

Functional job analysis, FJA 職能工作分析

Gain sharing plans 收益分享計(jì)劃

Globalization 全球化

Goals 目標(biāo)

Goals and timetables 目標(biāo)和時(shí)間表

Graphic rating-scale method 圖式評(píng)估法

Group-building methods 團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)法

Group mentoring program 群體指導(dǎo)計(jì)劃

Hay profile method 海氏剖析法

High-leverage training 高層次培訓(xùn)

High-performance work systems 高績(jī)效工作系統(tǒng)

Hourly work 計(jì)時(shí)工資制

Human capital 人力資本

Human resource information system(HRIS)人力資源信息系統(tǒng)Human resource management 人力資源管理

Human resources planning, HRP 人力資源計(jì)劃

Indirect costs 間接成本

Individualism/collectivism 個(gè)人主義/集體主義

Input 投入

Instructional design process 指導(dǎo)性設(shè)計(jì)過程

Internal analysis 內(nèi)部分析

Internal growth strategy 內(nèi)部成長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略

Internal labor force 內(nèi)部勞動(dòng)力

Internet 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

Internship programs 實(shí)習(xí)計(jì)劃

Interview 面試

Intraorganizational bargaining 組織內(nèi)談判

Job analysis 工作分析

Job classification system 工作分類法

Job description 工作描述

Jobdesign 工作設(shè)計(jì)

Job enlargement 工作擴(kuò)大化

Job enrichment 工作豐富化

Job evaluation 工作評(píng)價(jià)

Job experiences 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)

Job involvement 工作認(rèn)同

Job posting and bidding 工作張貼和申請(qǐng)

Job progressions 工作提升

Job ranking system 工作重要性排序法

Job rotation 工作輪換

Job satisfaction 工作滿意度

Job specification 工作規(guī)范

Job structure 工作結(jié)構(gòu)

Key jobs 關(guān)鍵工作

Labor market 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)

Labor relations process 勞動(dòng)關(guān)系進(jìn)程

Leaderless group discussion 無領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組討論法

Learning organization 學(xué)習(xí)型組織

Long-term-short-term orientation 長(zhǎng)期-短期導(dǎo)向

Maintenance of membership 會(huì)員資格維持

Management by objectives, MBO 目標(biāo)管理

Management forecasts 管理預(yù)測(cè)

Management prerogatives 管理特權(quán)

Manager and / or supervisor appraisal 經(jīng)理和/或上司評(píng)估Managing diversity 管理多元化

Markov analysis 馬克夫分析法

Mediation 調(diào)解

Mentor 導(dǎo)師

Merit guideline 績(jī)效指南

Minimum wage 最低工資

Motivation to learn 學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)

Needs assessment（培訓(xùn)）需要評(píng)價(jià)

Negligence 疏忽

Nepotism 裙帶關(guān)系

Ombudsman 調(diào)查專員

On-the-job training, OJT 在職培訓(xùn)

Opportunity to perform 實(shí)踐的機(jī)會(huì)

Organizational analysis 組織分析

Organizational capability 組織能力

Orientation 導(dǎo)向培訓(xùn)

Outplacement counseling 重新謀職咨詢

Output 產(chǎn)出

Outsourcing 外包

Panel interview 小組面試

Pay-for-performance standard 按績(jī)效的報(bào)酬標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Pay grade 工資等級(jí)

Pay level 工資水平

Pay-policy line 工資政策線

Pay structure 工資結(jié)構(gòu)

Peer appraisal 同事評(píng)估

Performance appraisal 績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)

Performance feedback 績(jī)效反饋

Performance management 績(jī)效管理

Performance planning and evaluation(PPE)績(jī)效規(guī)劃與評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)Perquisites 津貼

Person analysis 個(gè)人分析

Person characteristics 個(gè)人特征

Personnel selection 人員甄選

Point system 積分法

Position analysis questionnaire, PAQ 職位分析問卷調(diào)查

Power distance 權(quán)力差距

Predictive validation 預(yù)測(cè)效度

Profit sharing 利潤(rùn)分享

Promotion 晉升

Protean career多變的職業(yè)

Psychological contract 心理契約

Psychological support 心理支持

Range spread 工資范圍跨度

Readability 易讀性

Readiness for training 培訓(xùn)準(zhǔn)備

Reasoning ability推理能力

Recruitment 招募

Reengineering 流程再造

Relational database 關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

Reliability 信度

Repatriation 歸國(guó)準(zhǔn)備

Replacement charts 替換表

Request for proposal(REP)（培訓(xùn)）招標(biāo)書

Return on investment(ROI)投資回報(bào)

Role ambiguity 角色模糊

Role analysis technique 角色分析技術(shù)

Role play 角色扮演

School-to-work 從學(xué)校到工作

Selection 甄選

Self-appraisal 自我評(píng)估

Situational interview 情景面試

Skill-based pay 技能工資

Skill inventories 技能量表

Specificity 明確性

Spot bonus 即時(shí)獎(jiǎng)金

Staffing tables 人員配置表

Strategic choice 戰(zhàn)略選擇

Strategic congruence 戰(zhàn)略一致性

Strategic human resource management(SHRM)戰(zhàn)略性人力資源管理Strategy formulation 戰(zhàn)略形成Strategy implementation 戰(zhàn)略執(zhí)行

Task analysis 任務(wù)分析

Team leader training 團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)

360-degree feedback process 360度反饋過程

Total quality management(TQM)全面質(zhì)量管理

Training 培訓(xùn)

Training administration 培訓(xùn)管理

Training outcomes 培訓(xùn)結(jié)果

Transaction processing 事務(wù)處理

Trend analysis 趨勢(shì)分析

Utility 效用

Utility analysis 效用分析

Validity 效度

Verbal comprehension 語言理解能力

Vesting 既得利益

Voicing 發(fā)言

Wage and salary survey 薪資調(diào)查

Wage-rate compression 工資壓縮

Web-based training 網(wǎng)上培訓(xùn)

Work permit/ work certificate 就業(yè)許可證

Yield ratio 成功率

第四篇：情緒詞匯英漢對(duì)照

嫌隙 rift 嫌憎 悻悻 bitterly 憎惡 hate（煩悶苦惱）

別扭 awkward 不快 unpleasant 不爽 accurate 心煩 upset 厭煩 tired

煩悶 anguish 難受 uncomfortable 討厭 hate 煩擾 bother

窩火

窩囊 feel vexed 熬心 boil heart 懊惱

update 憋悶 feel oppressed 憋氣 feel suffocated 涔涔 oozes 窩心 sweet 糟心

（憂愁）：因遭遇困難禍不如意的事而苦惱

擔(dān)心 worry 擔(dān)憂 worry 發(fā)愁 worry 犯愁 worry 愁悶 gloomy 窮愁 poor and disdress 殷憂 yin worry 憂心忡忡 worried

郁郁寡歡 unhappy 愁眉不展 worried 憂心如焚 distraught（抑郁）：心中憤恨，不能訴說而煩悶

壓抑 depression 郁悶 depressed 沉郁 depressed 陰郁 gloomy 抑郁寡歡 melancholy

自尊 self_respect（尊重自己，不向別人卑躬屈節(jié)）無能感 important 自慚形穢 ashamed of 自餒

驕傲 proud（1、自以為了不起，看不起別人

2、自豪）

得意 proud 高傲 arrogant 狂妄 presumptuous 體面 decent 優(yōu)越感 superiority 自大 arrogant 自負(fù) conceited 自豪

proud 怏然自足 discontented 自得 contented then self 自滿 complancent 自恃 count on 委屈 wrpnged（收到不應(yīng)該有的職責(zé)或待遇，心里難過）抱屈 feel wrong 冤枉 wrong 著急 anxious（急躁不安）浮躁 impetuous 急切 urgent 急躁 irritable 焦急 anxious 焦慮 anxiety 心急 impatient 心急火燎 edgy 心急如焚 anxious 心切 eager 焦心 焦躁 impatient 焦灼 anxious 情急 desperate 心焦 anxious 歸心似箭 eager to go home 急不擇言 andious not to choose words 急不可耐 impatient 不知所措 loss（心里）

恐慌 panic 意亂 distracted 煩亂 upset 紛擾 turbulence 方寸大亂 inch chaos 坐立不安 restless 七上八下 sixes and sevens 心亂如麻 be terribly upset 神魂顛倒 captivated 火燒火燎 抓耳撓腮 scratching（羞愧）ashamed 感到羞恥或慚愧，不好意思

慚愧 ashamed 丟臉 shame 丟人 loos face 丟丑 lose face 害羞 shy 可恥 shameful 虧心

愧疚 guilt 靦腆 shy 難看

ugly 難堪 embarrassed 怕羞 shy 羞恥 shame 羞辱 humiliation 抱愧 feel ashamed 害臊 ashamed 無地自容 shame 羞人 羞澀 shy（懊悔）做錯(cuò)了事或說錯(cuò)了話，心里自恨不該這樣

悔悟 regret 懺悔 repent 后悔 repret 悔恨 remorse 失悔 loss of regret 痛悔 contrite 追悔 regret 自怨自艾 self-pity（抱歉）sorry 心中不安，覺得對(duì)不住別人

過意不去 sorry 內(nèi)疚 guilty conscience 負(fù)疚 guilty 歉疚 guilty 驚奇 surprise（覺得很奇怪）

吃驚 surprise 好奇 curious 驚訝 surprised 震驚 shock 詫異 surprised 警覺

vigilance（對(duì)危險(xiǎn)或者情況變化den敏銳的感覺）

警惕

alert

疑惑

doubt（心里不明白，不相信）

懷疑 suspected

可疑 suspicious

疑忌 jealousloss

為難 difficult

困惑 confused

茫然

loss

迷惑

confuse

迷惘 lost

無所適從 loss

彷徨

wandering

同情

sympathy（對(duì)于別人的遭遇在感情上發(fā)生共鳴）

感動(dòng)

moving

惻隱之心

compassion

可惜

unfortunately

惋惜

regret

可憐

poor

憐惜

take pity on

憐憫

mercy

哀憐

pity

心疼

destressed

痛惜

deplored

滿意

satisfaction（滿足自己的愿望，符合自己的心意）

宜人

pleasant

愜意

comfortble

順心 liking

如愿

to do so

遂愿

liking

遂心

critical care

隨心

heart

圓滿

complete

敬佩

admire（敬重佩佩服）

心悅誠(chéng)服

convinced

贊佩

admiration

佩服

admire

贊賞

appreciation

贊美

praise

贊嘆

praise

尊重

respect

尊敬

respect

敬重 esteem

敬仰

respect

敬慕

admiration

欽敬

admire

景仰

admired

崇敬

respect

感激

grateful（因?qū)Ψ降暮靡苫髱椭鴮?duì)其產(chǎn)生好感）

涕零

feel grateful

謝天謝地 thank goodness 感恩戴德

deeply grateful

沒齒難忘

will never forget

思念 miss（想念）

懷念

miss

牽掛

care

掛念

miss

想念

miss

渴慕 longing

懷戀

nostalgia 牽腸掛肚

worrying about

貪戀

hate to leave 魂?duì)繅?mèng)縈

dreaming

輕蔑（輕視，不放在眼里）

輕視

contempt

藐視

deny

蔑視

disdain

鄙夷

disdain

鄙視

contempt

侮蔑

contempt

期望 expect（對(duì)未來的事物或者人的前途有所希望和等待）

期待

expect

向往

yearn

期求 on demand

望穿秋水

for ages

殷切

strong

失望 disappointment（1.感到?jīng)]有希望失去信心。2.因?yàn)橄Ｍ麨閷?shí)現(xiàn)而不愉快）

悲觀

pessimistic

沮喪

despression

茫然

loss

失落感

sense of loss

無望

hopeless

心寒

chiling

失意

frustration

懊喪

depressed

悵然

sense of loss

惆悵

melancholy

寒心

chilling

落魄

objection

垂頭喪氣

dejected

空洞 empty

走投無路

desperation 麻木

numb

大失所望greatly disappointe

心灰意冷disheartened

自暴自棄 low self-esteem

孤獨(dú) lonely（單身無靠，感到寂寞）

孤單

alone

孤立

isolated

寂寞 lonely

孤寂

lonely

落寞

lonely

其他

樂觀

optimistic

氣急敗壞

utterly discomfited

親切

cordial

頭痛

headache

頭疼

headache

無奈

helpless

心虛

different

幸運(yùn) lucky

孤寂

lonely

忘乎所以

carried away

銷魂

ecstasy

愚蠢

silly

感人肺腑

touching

動(dòng)人心弦

touching

疊加情緒

煩躁

irritability

苦悶

depressed

苦惱

distressed

納悶

wonder

悵惘

wistful

愁苦 anxiety

悶倦

nausea tired

惱人

annoying

憂煩

worry 憂悶

depressed

厭棄

rejected

百抓撓心

artide scratching heart

焦躁

impatient

愁眉緊鎖

knitted brows furrowed

驚喜pleasantly surprised

受寵若驚

flattered

清爽

fresh 欣幸

fortunate

一悲一喜

a sad one hi

悲喜交集

mixed feelings of grief and joy

羞怯

shy

哀思

grief

哀怨

sad

悲憤

grief and indignation 悲郁

sad depression 仇怨 hatred

憤恨

resentment

憤懣

anger

感憤

a sense of anger

驚疑

alarmed

愧痛

ashamed pain

惱恨

hate

威懼

apprehensive

疑慮

doubt

憂憤 anger

憂懼

fear

怨憤

discontent

愛莫能助

hel

敬畏pless 黯然神傷

feel depressed

纏綿悱惻

full of pathos

捶胸頓足

wringing

敬畏

fear

虔誠(chéng)

sincere

平靜 calm（心情沒有不安或者動(dòng)蕩）

安寧

peaceful

安然

safely

安詳

serene

安心

relieved

安慰

comfort

淡漠 indifferent

淡然

indifferent

放心

rest assured

冷靜

cool

默然

indifferently

漠視

disregard

寧?kù)o

tranquil

輕松

easily

踏實(shí)

practical

坦然

calm

心安理得

peace of mind

心靜

calm

心平氣和

calm

鎮(zhèn)定

stabilization

鎮(zhèn)靜 sedation

寬慰

comfort

索然無味

dull

塌心

fallen heart

泰然

calm

閑適

leisure

自在free

不動(dòng)神色

fixed look

不露聲色

quietly

冷若冰霜

frosty

麻木不仁

insensitive

高昂 high（情緒向上高起）

緊張

nervous

鼓舞

inspire

振作

cheer

振奮

inspire

激昂

excited

激動(dòng)

excitement

昂揚(yáng) high-spirited

激越 intense

沖動(dòng)

impulse

亢奮

excitement

忘情 immersed

朝氣蓬勃

vibrant

精力旺盛

energetic

情緒高漲

mood

蕩氣回腸

soul-stirring

高歌猛進(jìn) advance triumphantly

精神煥發(fā) spitits

慷慨激昂

impassioned

低落 low（情緒下降）

消沉

low

心灰意冷

disheartened 心灰意懶

rely under all difficulties

黯淡

dim

頹廢

decadent

頹靡

fall

頹喪

dejected

萎靡

deserting our ideas

沉重 heavy（分量大，程度深）

沉甸甸

heavy

其他

筋疲力盡

exhausted

心不在焉

absent-minded

哀而不傷

sad without injury

心甘情愿

willingly

肝腦涂地

take a shot

豪放不羈

uninhibited

桀驁不馴

rebelious

狂奴故態(tài) so mad slave state 豪情壯志

lofiy sentiments and aspirations 眉高眼低

low eye high brow

有恃無恐

emboldened

肆無忌憚

unscrupulous氣餒

表示變化的

放松

relax

解氣

vent

氣餒

be discourage

喪氣

disheartened 掃興

disappointment

揚(yáng)眉吐氣

proud

消氣

cool down

泄勁

slack off

泄氣

discouraged

厭倦

weary

寬心

heartwidth

如釋重負(fù)

relieved

釋然

relieved

吐氣

blow off steam

翻江倒海

badly 不能自已

not their own

不上不下

flattening

煞風(fēng)景

unpleasant

轉(zhuǎn)悲為喜

turn sorrow to joy

第五篇：IE專業(yè)英語翻譯英漢對(duì)照

as we are now in a global economy with ever-increasing competition,the need for world-class performance cannot be ignored.this need implies,among other things,the continued emergence of world-classquslity,information

systems,ergonomics,and manufacturing systems.it also means that more firms are likely to invest in such ares to reach their strategic objectives.of course,this brings us to a very specific topic,project justification.我們現(xiàn)在在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中日益增加的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，需要世界級(jí)的性能不能被忽略.這需要意味著，除其他外，繼續(xù)出現(xiàn)世界一流的質(zhì)量，信息系統(tǒng)，人機(jī)工程學(xué)，制造系統(tǒng).它也意味著更多的企業(yè)可能會(huì)投資于戰(zhàn)神達(dá)成戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo).當(dāng)然，這給我們帶來一個(gè)特定的主題，項(xiàng)目的理由。

it may seem trivial to state that an industrial project must be evaluated in order to justify it.however,the kinds of projectsthat are needed today to survive in our competitive environment are quite different from their counterparts 20 or 30 years ago.they differ in terms of their technological content and in terms of their strategic implications for the firm.whereas yesterday we were dealing with single machine replacement problems, we are now confronted with overall systems, programs, and processes.一個(gè)工業(yè)項(xiàng)目，必須進(jìn)行評(píng)估，以證明它，它可能看起來微不足道的狀態(tài)。然而，projectsthat的各種需要，今天在我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境中生存是相當(dāng)不同的同行20年或30年前。他們不同，其技術(shù)含量方面，他們?yōu)楣镜膽?zhàn)略意義。而昨天，我們單臺(tái)機(jī)器更換問題打交道，我們現(xiàn)在面臨著整體的系統(tǒng)，程序和流程。

the consequence of such complexity is that the traditional investment justification process fails to measure the proper value of projects such as computer-integrated manufacturing systems, information systems, and even ergonomics projects.it is well known thatsuch a failure may result in wrong decisions.poor investment justification processes may lead to poor decision making with respect to today's projects: good projects might be rejected,and bad ones might be accepted.this seems to be the fate of several new technologies(including industrial ergonomics)that are not implemented because their prospective return is not satisfactory.among the causes of such poor rating is the inability to properly estimate the benefits and costs of today's proposal.如此復(fù)雜的后果是，傳統(tǒng)的投資理由進(jìn)程失敗來衡量，如計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)，信息系統(tǒng)，甚至人體工程學(xué)項(xiàng)目的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)有的價(jià)值。這是眾所周知的，這樣的故障可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的決策。窮人的投資理由進(jìn)程可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致窮人的決策：今天的項(xiàng)目好的項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)被拒絕的決定，并接受壞的可能。這似乎是不落實(shí)的幾項(xiàng)新技術(shù)（包括工業(yè)工效）的命運(yùn)，因?yàn)樗麄兊念A(yù)期收益不理想。在這種惡劣的評(píng)級(jí)的原因是無法正確估計(jì)今天的建議的好處和成本。

as a result, management must resort to the “l(fā)eap of faith” approach to justify new systems that are intuitively sound from a strategic point of view but that are not convincing economically.from such considerations it may seem that firms don't have any other choices other than to spent their capital, whatever the cost, and go ahead with implementing the resulting changs that come with these projects.such a strategy would be dangerous.因此，管理層必須訴諸“信仰的飛躍”的方式來證明新系統(tǒng)，直觀的聲音從戰(zhàn)略的角度來看，是沒有說服力的經(jīng)濟(jì)。從這樣的考慮，它可能看起來公司做沒有任何其他選擇來度過他們的資本以外，不惜一切代價(jià)，造成張家來，隨著這些項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施提前。這樣的戰(zhàn)略將是危險(xiǎn)的的。

if it is true that firms that do not invest in strategic projects due to poor investment analyses may be in a serious predicament in the future, it also would be risky for them to systematically go ahead with such projects when their rate of return is not acceptable.it may also be true that under certain conditions strategic projects may not be the right thing to do.after all, investments such as information technology or computer-integrated manufacturing systems are only as good as their contributions to the overall strategy of the firm.如果這是真的，不投資，由于投資分析差的戰(zhàn)略性項(xiàng)目的公司可能會(huì)在今后一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的困境，也將他們系統(tǒng)等項(xiàng)目提前當(dāng)他們的回報(bào)率是不能接受的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。它也可能是真實(shí)的，在一定條件下的戰(zhàn)略的項(xiàng)目未必是正確的事情。畢竟，如信息技術(shù)或計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)的投資只作為公司的整體戰(zhàn)略的貢獻(xiàn)。

engineeringeconomics

工程經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

the role of engineeringeconomics is to correctly assess the appropriateness of a given project, estimate its value, and justify it from an economic standpoint.if projects are not acceptable, then the evaluation process that has been used to reach this conclusion should also explain their poor returns.that same process should also indicate ways to improve the investment proposal to make it more attractive to management.工程經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的作用，正確評(píng)估某一項(xiàng)目是否恰當(dāng)，估計(jì)其價(jià)值，并證明它從經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度來看。如果項(xiàng)目是不能接受的，那么，評(píng)估過程中已得出這一結(jié)論也應(yīng)該解釋他們的低回報(bào)。相同的過程也應(yīng)說明改善投資建議，使其更具吸引力，管理的方式。

engineeringeconomy has been part of engineers' training(and of IE curricula, of course)for a long time.historically, it was used for projects that had only operational implications for the firm.however, as noted above, today's projects may have strategic implication as well.as a consequence, engineeringeconomy is likely to be important for both engineers and management.工程經(jīng)濟(jì)已工程師培訓(xùn)的一部分（IE的課程，當(dāng)然），很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。從歷史上看，它是用于項(xiàng)目，只為公司的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)的影響。然而，如上所述，以及今天的項(xiàng)目可能具有戰(zhàn)略意義。因此，工程經(jīng)濟(jì)可能是工程師和管理的重要。

however, engineeringeconomy can not do it alone.it must be part of a precess that includes not only engineers but management accountants;marking, quality, and health and safety specialists;and others within the firm.such a process should foster interdisciplinary thinking, not unlike parallel or concurrent engineering used in product design.然而，工程經(jīng)濟(jì)不能做到這一點(diǎn)的孤獨(dú)。它必須是一個(gè)進(jìn)動(dòng)的一部分，它不僅包括工程師，但管理會(huì)計(jì)師;標(biāo)識(shí)，質(zhì)量，以及健康和安全專家，和其他人在公司內(nèi)。這樣一個(gè)過程，促進(jìn)跨學(xué)科的思維，而不是不像在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)上采用并行或并行工程。

at this point it is certainly worthwhile to emphasize the role ofIEs in this process.as

industrial engineers are trained in both technology and engineering economy, they are able to bridge the gap between mechanical,electrical, and computer engineering and ergonomics, on the one hand, and management accounting on the other.highly qualified engineers designing equipment for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)or information systems, while awere of the technology with which they are dealing, are not necessarily trained to translate technological characteristics into economic and strategic terms.在這一點(diǎn)上，它肯定是值得強(qiáng)調(diào)的IE的在這個(gè)過程中的作用。作為工業(yè)的工程師們?cè)诩夹g(shù)和工程經(jīng)濟(jì)訓(xùn)練，他們能夠彌補(bǔ)的機(jī)械，電氣，和計(jì)算機(jī)工程和人體工程學(xué)之間的差距，一方面，和其他管理會(huì)計(jì)。高素質(zhì)的工程師設(shè)計(jì)的柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）或信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備，而他們正在處理的技術(shù)與阿韋雷，不一定是培訓(xùn)轉(zhuǎn)化成經(jīng)濟(jì)和戰(zhàn)略方面的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)。

at the other end of the spectrum, management accountants may be well aware of the business needs, strategic aims, and their organization's financial position, but cannot understand the capabilities of new technologies.not surprisingly, communication barriers occer.industrial engineering's main contribution to the economy comes into the picture.the background of IEs in engineering economy provides them with cost models that link technology with the economics of accounting(figure 1).在光譜的另一端，管理會(huì)計(jì)師可能深知企業(yè)的需求，戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，和他們組織的財(cái)務(wù)狀況，但無法理解新技術(shù)的能力。這并不奇怪，溝通障礙occer。工程的主要工業(yè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)涉及到的圖片。工程經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的IE的提供他們與成本模型（圖1）會(huì)計(jì)核算的經(jīng)濟(jì)鏈接技術(shù)。

As the industrial environment has changed drastically, engineering economy has evolved accordingly.Indeed, its aim is not only to compute net present values(NPVs)or internal rates of return(IRRs), but also to design cost models and evaluation processes that can be used within decision support systems for a variety of technological projects.隨著工業(yè)的環(huán)境已經(jīng)大大改變，工程經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。事實(shí)上，其目的是不僅要計(jì)算凈現(xiàn)值（凈現(xiàn)值）或內(nèi)部收益率（內(nèi)部收益率），而且還設(shè)計(jì)可以用于決策支持系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的各種科技項(xiàng)目的成本模型和評(píng)估過程。

Armed with economic models tailored to specific technologies, industrial engineers are able to measure, for instance, the cost of flexibility and, in turn, help integrate this figure in accounting cost systems and financial justification models.By including engineering economy in the justification process, firms are therefore better equipped for solving complex justification problems that involve technical and financial specialists working together in an interdisciplinary group.有了針對(duì)特定技術(shù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，工業(yè)工程師能夠測(cè)量，例如，成本和靈活性，反過來，幫助整合這種成本會(huì)計(jì)制度和財(cái)務(wù)理由模型圖。包括工程經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整過程中，因此企業(yè)更好地解決復(fù)雜的問題，涉及的理由的金融和技術(shù)專家一起工作，在一個(gè)多學(xué)科小組。

Such a successful group is likely to shed light on such questions as: What is the rate of return of ergonomics? What is the payback of a six-sigma program? What are the benefits of this new information technology? What is the value of flexibility associated with this FMS? It is unreasonable to think that one person would be able to answer such difficult questions satisfactorily.The need for a project evaluation group thus seems more appropriate in the face of the competitive environment within which firms must compete, on the one hand, and the complexity of the projects involved, on the other.這樣一個(gè)成功的團(tuán)隊(duì)很可能作為闡明這些問題：什么是人體工程學(xué)的回報(bào)率？一個(gè)六西格瑪項(xiàng)目的回報(bào)是什么呢？這種新的信息技術(shù)有什么好處？什么是FMS與此相關(guān)聯(lián)的靈活性的價(jià)值？這是不合理的，認(rèn)為一個(gè)人會(huì)能夠圓滿回答這些困難的問題。項(xiàng)目評(píng)估組的需要，從而在面對(duì)內(nèi)，企業(yè)必須競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，一方面，涉及的項(xiàng)目，另一方面，復(fù)雜的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境似乎更為合適。

Such a concept is certainly compatible with open accounting, which is implemented by firms and aimed at sharing financial information inside the organization.There is another practical advantage of starting a group that has diversity: the persons involved agree to have a unified vision of costs and benefits related to a new technology(if they want to work effectively).Lack of agreement on the nature of costs and benefits may lead to controversies over the project and failure of the justification effort.這種觀念當(dāng)然是兼容開放會(huì)計(jì)，這是由企業(yè)和實(shí)施旨在分享組織內(nèi)部的財(cái)務(wù)信息。還有另一種開始一組具有多樣性的實(shí)際優(yōu)勢(shì)：有關(guān)人士同意有一個(gè)涉及到一個(gè)新的技術(shù)（如果他們想有效地開展工作）的成本和利益的一致看法。缺乏對(duì)成本和收益的性質(zhì)的協(xié)議，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)項(xiàng)目和失敗的理由努力的爭(zhēng)議。

A project evaluation group, like any group or task force in the firm, should follow a process.In a way, economic justification itself is a process.This may not be obvious, but to evaluate a project, especially one of those proposed today, a great deal of analysis must be done.The justification process can be defined in terms of steps as illustrated in Figure 2.項(xiàng)目評(píng)估組，如任何團(tuán)體或公司專案組，應(yīng)遵循一個(gè)過程。在某種程度上，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的理由本

身是一個(gè)過程。這可能不是很明顯，但評(píng)估一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，尤其是那些今天提出的，必須做大量的分析。可以定義的理由，在步驟上，如圖2所示。

Figure 2（圖2）

Steps in the evaluation process

An important advantage of such a process is that the overall evaluation problem is divided into smaller subproblems that can be tackled more easily.Moreover, this process is able to give a sense of direction to engineering economy analysts and to nonspecialists who are confronted with justifying their proposals and have nowhere to start.Such a process is needed for the kinds of projects that are found in today's proposals(e.g.new manufacturing technologies, new computer/information systems, total quality programs, and ergonomics projects).理想的情況下，圖2中的所有步驟應(yīng)執(zhí)行;但是，根據(jù)具體情況，其中一些步驟可能需要更多或更少的努力。但隱或任何理由的程序明確的是，成本和收益的性質(zhì)確定的事實(shí)。然后，他們的行為是在這種或那種方式（工程經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，成本估計(jì)，和傳統(tǒng)的管理會(huì)計(jì)師都使用一些成本模型）為藍(lán)本。之后，被分配到特定的成本對(duì)象，如生產(chǎn)/組裝線，部門，工作站或產(chǎn)品成本。然后，由項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的未來收益的估計(jì)。該項(xiàng)目的評(píng)估是在短期和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度而言，隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析（應(yīng)該做的，如果可能的話）。

lly, all of the steps in Figure 2 should be performed;however, depending on the specific situation, some of these steps may require more or less effort.But implicit or explicit in any justification procedure is the fact that the nature of costs and benefits be identified.Then their behavior is modeled in one way or another(engineering economists, cost estimators, and traditional and management accountants all use some cost models).Afterward, costs are allocated to specific cost objects such as a production/assembly line, department, workstation, or product.Then, an estimate of future benefits resulting from the project is performed.The evaluation of the project is done in terms of both short-and long-term standpoints along with a risk analysis(which should be done, if possible).在評(píng)估過程中的步驟

這樣一個(gè)過程的一個(gè)重要的優(yōu)勢(shì)是整體評(píng)價(jià)的問題是劃分成更小的子可以更容易地處理。此外，這個(gè)過程是能夠提供一種方向感，工程經(jīng)濟(jì)分析和證明他們的建議，面對(duì)非專業(yè)和無處開始。這樣一個(gè)過程是，在今天的建議（如新的制造技術(shù)，新的計(jì)算機(jī)/信息系統(tǒng)，全面質(zhì)量計(jì)劃，和人體工程學(xué)項(xiàng)目）的項(xiàng)目的各種需要。