第一篇：四川青城山導(dǎo)游詞

各位女士、各位先生，我們現(xiàn)在出發(fā)去游覽青城山。

青城山位于都江堰市西南，乘車前往大約需要20分鐘，我想就利用途中的時間，給諸位介紹一下青城山的概況。

青城山距離成都市區(qū)63公里，因景區(qū)青山環(huán)列，林木繁茂，終年幽靜清涼，歷來是川西著名的游覽和避暑的勝地。又因這里是中國道教的發(fā)源地之一，東漢以來歷經(jīng)二千多年，一直是道教存在和發(fā)展的重要基地，影響廣及全國，所以青城山也是著名的道教名山。說到這里，大家可能已經(jīng)聽出青城山的基本特點(diǎn)了；那就是離都市最近的、自然景色清幽和道教文化源遠(yuǎn)流長的風(fēng)景名勝地，而且還要加上六個字：保護(hù)相當(dāng)完好。因此，1982年就被國務(wù)院公布為第一批全國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。1999年青城山與都江堰景區(qū)聯(lián)名申報世界自然文化遺產(chǎn)，得到聯(lián)合國教科文組織來的專家充分肯定。當(dāng)然，“眼見為實”，一會兒大家親臨其境，就知道我所言非虛了。

青城山的得名有兩種說法：一種說法是說青城山有陰陽36峰環(huán)狀排列，峰銳崖陡，林木蔥籠，宛如一座綠色的城郭，以形得名，叫做青城山；第二種說法是說青城山原名清城山，青字有三點(diǎn)水偏旁，因古代神話說“清都、紫微，天帝所居”，這里就是神仙居住的地方，所以取名“清城山”。后來，道教創(chuàng)始人東漢的張陵張?zhí)鞄焺?chuàng)立天師道以清城山為基地，道教主張“清虛自持”“返樸歸真”的教義，與清城仙都的意思相合，山名就無變化。唐初佛教發(fā)展很快，清城山上發(fā)生了佛道間地盤之爭，官司打到皇帝那里，唐玄宗信道，親自下詔書判定“觀還道家，寺依山外”。道家勝利了?？墒窃t書把清城山的清字寫成了沒有水旁的青了。道家既借助于皇帝親判的威力收回地盤，也就將清城山改稱青城山了。

這個故事并非傳說，山上保存的唐碑詔書全文具在，足以作證。

道教文化

據(jù)地質(zhì)考察，青城山形成于1億8千萬年前的一次造山運(yùn)動，山體抬升時受強(qiáng)烈擠壓，巖層破碎。起伏較大，褶皺明顯，所以山形千奇百怪，絕壁深壑，斷崖裂石，處處顯示出大自然的鬼斧神工。相傳青城山區(qū)有36峰、8大洞、72小洞、共108景。一百單八是一個吉祥數(shù)字，表示景點(diǎn)很多，但人們更向往的是這里滿布山嶺的古木森林和蜿蜒山路上那無盡的清涼幽意，以及歷史悠久的道教文化和保護(hù)完好的宮觀建筑藝術(shù)。

說到道教文化，由于道教在青城山兩仟多年的存在和發(fā)展，特別是歷代高道的主持和經(jīng)營，青城山一直作為道家的祖山，俗家心目中的“神山”，而得到充分的保護(hù)。可以說，今天青城山的古建筑、古遺址、歷史傳說、飲食習(xí)俗，乃至林木花草，都滲透著道教文化的精神。青城山道教發(fā)展也有幾個起落。遠(yuǎn)在東漢順帝漢安二年(公元143年)，在邛崍山系的鶴鳴山(今大邑縣境)修道的張陵，來到青城山赤城崖創(chuàng)立道教。因張陵被其弟子尊為“天師”，所創(chuàng)道教也叫“天師道”。天師道經(jīng)過張陵及其子孫歷代天師的創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展，逐漸擴(kuò)及全國，晉隋時期，天師道有北天師道和南天師道的興起和地區(qū)教派的產(chǎn)生。青城山所傳屬于南天師道的正一教派。至唐末，著名道士杜光庭來青城山，天師道傳統(tǒng)乃與上清道結(jié)合。上清道宣稱修行得道可升“上清天”，比舊天師道理想的“太清境”更高。杜光庭后來在前蜀皇帝王建手下做官，官至光祿大夫尚書戶部侍郎，封上柱國蔡國公，晚年居青城山近30年，著書立說，對道教的發(fā)展影響很大。...004km.cn第 一范文§網(wǎng)整理該文章，版權(quán)歸原作者、原出處所有>>>

到南宋時，青城山道士李少微等人創(chuàng)清微派，以行雷法為能事，將內(nèi)丹術(shù)與符咒術(shù)相結(jié)合，稱“可以驅(qū)邪，可以治病，可以達(dá)帝，可以嘯命風(fēng)雷，可以斡旋造化”，元朝封他為“雷淵廣福真人”，一時信徒很多，青城山又再度興旺起來。明代，青城山道教所傳屬于全真道龍門派。全真道與原來的天師正一道不同的是，它主張修道者要出家投師，住庵當(dāng)?shù)朗浚蝗⑵奘?，不吃葷腥，?chuàng)立了一套養(yǎng)身習(xí)靜的修練方法。道士住山，自然對宮觀的維護(hù)，山林的栽培就更為重視。明朝末年，戰(zhàn)亂不斷，青城山道士逃走，直到清康熙八年，武當(dāng)山全真道龍門派道士陳清覺來青城山主持教務(wù)，又使局面重新改觀。后來陳在四川官員的幫助下，得到康熙皇帝的欽賜御書“丹臺碧洞”，并封他為“碧洞真人”。

從此，青城山道系屬于全真道龍門派丹臺碧洞宗。新中國成立以后，青城山吸收了各地道士，原來丹臺碧洞宗的格局有所改變，但其在道教中仍是很有影響的一支。1957年，“中國道教協(xié)會”成立，青城山道士易心瑩被選為副會長兼副秘書長。其后，傅元天道長也被選為中國道協(xié)副會長，1992年當(dāng)選為會長，并兼任中國道教學(xué)院院長。所以，研究道教文化的人是不可不來青城山的。

山門

各位貴賓，現(xiàn)在已到青城山前，眼前那座古典輝煌的山門和后面青翠入云的山林，總是讓每一個來客感到—股濃濃的幽意，急于走進(jìn)這清幽世界的心情也油然而生。請不要著急，讓我們先看看山門旁的建福宮。

建福宮，在丈人峰下，始建于唐開元十八年(公元730年)，原名丈人洞，宋時朝廷賜名“會慶建福宮?！闭扇朔逡?qū)幏獾妹鄠鲗幏馐屈S帝時的制陶官員，能履蹈烈焰，隨煙上下，又能駕御風(fēng)云，寧封幫助黃帝學(xué)會“龍蹺飛行”之術(shù)，打敗了蚩尤，統(tǒng)一華夏，被黃帝封為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)五岳的“五岳丈人”。宋時又加封蜀州青城山丈人觀九天丈人、儲福定命真君。道教的十大洞天都有一位主治神仙，寧封便是青城山的主治神仙。今建福宮是清光緒十四年(公元1888年)重建，近年又進(jìn)行過大規(guī)模的維修和補(bǔ)建。

建福宮建筑面積1196平方米。前建亭樓映襯，后有丹臺翠林，門額建福宮三字是1940年國民政府主席林森所題，前殿叫“長生殿”，供的是晉代高道范長生。正殿是寧封和杜光庭塑像。后殿三尊塑像，中間是太上老君，被尊為道教教主，左是東華帝君，即神話中的東衛(wèi)公，為全真道的第一位祖師，右為道教全真派創(chuàng)立者王重陽。殿堂板壁上有張三豐祖師的詩。楹柱上掛的394字的“青城長聯(lián)”，寫景說典，有興趣的可以一讀。

索道

進(jìn)山門，我們右行去月城湖坐索道上山。這條林間山道首先進(jìn)人眼簾的是路旁并立的雨亭和翠光亭。

青城山的游山道上散布著許多的橋、亭和牌坊，與林相配，因山取勢，形成意趣不同的風(fēng)景圖畫。山亭多取枯樹為柱，以樹皮蓋頂，樹根為凳，枯枝古藤為裝飾，符合道教的清靜無為，回歸自然，與青幽的山景渾然一體。亭型也隨景而異，有隨路轉(zhuǎn)折形成的三角亭——怡樂窩；有半倚山崖的方亭——泠然亭；有佇立峰頂?shù)陌私峭ぁ⑿耐?；還有山路穿過而減柱的臥云亭，有隨山勢而成弧形的凝翠橋，這些山亭都應(yīng)景造型，命名切景，又配有貼切的楹聯(lián)，更富有詩意。各位在游程中將會不斷看到。

月城湖到了。這里原有一股甘泉，名叫“丈人泉”。1985年人們在此筑壩攔水，形成湖泊。我們過湖乘索道纜車直達(dá)上清宮。從高處往下走，比步行登山省時省力，也就有更充足的時間和精力來游覽了。索道全長980米，采用安全舒適的循環(huán)式吊椅載客，游人凌空觀景，眼界開闊，別有情趣。

上清宮

下索道，已是上清宮景區(qū)的四望觀。

上清宮位于高臺山之陽，是青城山現(xiàn)存38處宮觀中位置最高的一座道觀，宮門上有門樓，上清宮三個大字是蔣介石手書，兩旁聯(lián)文是國民黨元老、書法家于右任撰書“于今百草承元化，自古名山待圣人”，說青城山的草木都得到了道家仙氣的沾染，自古這座名山就等待各位朋友的光臨。另一副是愛國將領(lǐng)馮玉祥撰書的稱頌道教的對聯(lián)，字體恭整好認(rèn)，我就不逐字念讀了。殿的右側(cè)南樓前有兩井并列，稱為鴛鴦八封井。兩井—方一圓，其泉源相通，但一渾一清，一淺一深，井旁刻有國畫大師張大千手書“鴛鴦井”三字。殿右側(cè)廳有楠木板壁刻《道德經(jīng)》全文。殿左側(cè)有長廊通向配殿，內(nèi)祀孔子和關(guān)羽，取名文武殿，兩旁有張大千所繪麻姑、王母、三豐祖師、花蕊夫人畫像石刻。文武殿右下為麻姑池，傳為麻姑浴丹處，形如半月，深廣數(shù)尺，水色碧綠，長年不竭不溢。

上清官主殿供奉的是太上老君，也就是道教的教祖老子。由文武殿前長廊再前行到皇經(jīng)樓，出院門至圣燈亭。旁有小路直上高臺山的峰頂——彭祖峰，山上有亭叫呼應(yīng)亭，取“登高一呼，眾山皆應(yīng)”之意，現(xiàn)在改建成一個接待點(diǎn)，又在其更高處新修了“老君閣”。

三層樓的罩式高閣里面供奉著道教教主李老君騎青牛的巨大銅像。請大家上閣去看。站在老君閣的三樓觀光廊上，憑廊遠(yuǎn)眺，青城諸峰，碧綠一片，拱伏眼界，山風(fēng)橫過，翠浪起伏，那份清心爽目的舒適和快意，真是難以形容。再遠(yuǎn)看，岷山隱隱，岷江如帶，婉蜒飄逸。成都平原如千里錦繡，歷歷在目。如果夜宿上清宮，那么還可賞神燈、觀日出、看云海，這是青城山的三大奇觀，各有奇趣。

沿路下山，前面要經(jīng)過一段崎毗陡峭的山路，雖有扶手鐵鏈，也請大家小心，經(jīng)過大小朝陽洞，到“訪寧橋”路就好走了。

祖師殿

訪寧橋往左約二里到祖師殿。此殿始建于晉，原名洞天觀，現(xiàn)存殿宇建于清同治四年(公元1865年)，供奉真武大帝和三豐祖師，故又名真武宮。祖師殿面對的山谷叫白云溪，背后是軒轅峰，林嵐掩映，環(huán)境清幽。古跡有唐代高道杜光庭讀書的“讀書臺”。

1982年被定為全國道教重點(diǎn)宮觀。殿右那條小道可去青城后山。馮玉祥將軍在抗戰(zhàn)期間三次到過青城山，1945年那次住祖師殿。得到日本無條件投降的消息后，將軍不勝喜悅，在殿側(cè)刻碑筑亭以為紀(jì)念，此碑現(xiàn)在祖師殿內(nèi)，作為文物保護(hù)。

快到天師洞了，這里叫古龍橋，請看南面那條山縫，從崖頂直到山腳筆直裂開的一條石縫，說是山縫，實際約有18米寬，深達(dá)70多米，景色奇險，傳說是張?zhí)鞄煘榻捣喑巧降难Ч砉?，念咒畫符之后，朱筆一擲，筆跡裂山為槽，人們就叫它為“擲筆槽”。

天師殿

這里是天師殿，我們通常說的天師洞景區(qū)是指古常道觀為代表的一組宮觀建筑群。天師殿是最上部也是常道觀的最后一殿。這殿位于第三混元頂?shù)膸r腹洞前，清光緒十年重建。

上層洞窟里面供的張?zhí)鞄?，因此人們說這里才是名符其實的天師洞。請看這座隋代石刻的張?zhí)鞄熛?、三只眼睛怒視，神態(tài)威嚴(yán)，左掌直伸，現(xiàn)出掌中“陽平治都功印”，據(jù)說是天師以鎮(zhèn)山之寶降魔的法像。旁邊是他的第30代孫、宋代虛靖天師的塑像，和氣文雅，一副濟(jì)世救人的形象。天師殿是天師道的祖庭，過去的江西龍虎山歷代天師就任后，都要到這里朝拜。

往前為“三皇殿”，內(nèi)有伏羲、神農(nóng)、軒轅三皇石像各一尊，神座前有唐代開元皇帝書碑，令“觀還道家．寺依山外舊所”，十分寶貴，世代傳為鎮(zhèn)山之寶。其它碑刻有張大千先生的“天師像”和《龍門派碧洞宗道脈淵源碑》等，都是值得觀賞的文物。

黃帝祠在正殿“三清殿”后，我們從上清宮下來，是從后向前看，所以先看天師殿，再進(jìn)黃帝祠，最后再游三清殿。黃帝祠是供奉的軒轅黃帝。殿宇重檐回廊，古樸靜雅，橫額上有國民黨元老、大書法家于石任手書的“古黃帝祠”四個金字，祠前的“軒轅黃帝洞碑”刻的是馮玉樣將軍1943年撰題的頌詞：“軒轅黃帝，偉大民祖，戰(zhàn)功烈烈，仁愛各族。制禮作樂，能文能武，垂教子孫，流芳千古?！边@位中華民族的始祖，受人崇敬，尊之為神。青城山因有黃帝到丈人山，訪寧封修習(xí)“龍蹺飛行”之術(shù)的傳說故事，所以早在隋朝年間山上就立洞祭祀了。

三清殿

現(xiàn)在我們游覽三清殿。三清殿是天師洞景區(qū)最宏偉和最值得欣賞的道教宮觀建筑。

大殿為重檐歇山頂樓閣式建筑，建于1923年，近年又進(jìn)行過維修。殿前通廊以九級石階接托，前檐以六根大石圓柱支撐，石柱又分別立于高1．2米、精雕奇獸圖案的石礎(chǔ)上面，顯得莊嚴(yán)而又十分氣派。殿堂橫列五大開間，共580平方米，前后檐柱和經(jīng)柱共有4．4米高的整石圓雕大柱28根，石柱上端撐弓、彎門全系鏤空花刻，有飛禽走獸，人物花草，色調(diào)素雅，與建筑配合和諧協(xié)調(diào)。樓上是“無極殿”，樓正中有八角形樓井，用于采光通風(fēng)，還可卸去游人壓抑之感，正中懸有康熙御書“丹臺碧洞”匾額。殿內(nèi)供奉道教至高無上的三位尊神：居于玉清化境(在清微天)的元始天尊，象征洪元世紀(jì)；居于上清化境(在禹余天)的靈寶天尊，象征混元世紀(jì)；居于太清仙境(在大赤天)的道德天尊，象征太初世紀(jì)。這位道德天尊即太上老君。三位天尊合稱“三清”，所以這里叫“三清殿”。

殿前的石欄上，刻有許多人像，光頭露背，翻騰撲躍，嬉鬧戲耍，頭光上沒有戒疤，天靈蓋下凹未平，有的還有“毛根兒”，穿開擋褲，若嬰孩形象，是為“赤子”。按《道德經(jīng)》說：“常德不離，得力歸于嬰兒”，教人要保持純潔、善良的赤子之心，認(rèn)為修道的人要回返到童心不泯的境界。石雕中還設(shè)計了一些樂器，那海螺遇到山風(fēng)，會發(fā)出悅耳的聲音，叫“天籟”。這組石雕就天簌嬰靈圖，反映了道教的哲理和審美情趣。

殿前還有一株古銀杏，高約30米，樹冠直徑36米，傳為張?zhí)鞄熓种病?/p>

下山

走出古常道觀的山門，天師洞景區(qū)的游覽告一段落，請大家再看一下這宮觀的位置，當(dāng)初的選址人是何等的高明!

古常道觀位處白云溪和海棠峰之間山坪上，海拔高1000米，后有第三混元頂聳立如屏，左接青龍崗，右攜黑虎塘，三面環(huán)山，前方白云谷視野開闊，可望千崖迤邐，萬樹凝煙，身居深山目及天際，一派神仙都會的境界。而且天師洞的宮觀建筑把山門、三清殿和黃帝殿作為核心，布置在中軸線上，大小十多個天井和曲折環(huán)繞的外廊，隨地形高低錯落，把殿宇樓閣聯(lián)成一片，廊柱上楹聯(lián)詩刻，天井中古木奇花，充滿詩情畫意，與周圍的山景相襯，分外幽雅。十分符合道教的融于自然的思想。

各位朋友，現(xiàn)在順路下山。我們今天看到的青城山比它以往的任何時候更青幽、更美麗，到此旅游的中外游客也比任何時期更多。這是因為，解放后，特別是改革開放之后，青城山的自然面貌和宮觀亭閣得到了政府的高度重視和充分保護(hù)，1999年，都江堰——青城山景區(qū)正式申報自然文化雙遺產(chǎn)，政府又投入大大量的人力、物力、財力、使青城山煥發(fā)了青春，更加靚麗。

大家就要離開青城山了，如果有的朋友想帶土特產(chǎn)回去饋贈親朋好友，我介紹四樣青城山有名的特產(chǎn)：白果燉雞、洞天乳酒、青城貢茶、洞天泡菜。

第二篇：四川青城山導(dǎo)游詞

青城山，世界文化遺產(chǎn)、全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位、國家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、國家AAAAA級旅游景區(qū)、全球道教天師道圣地，中國四大道教名山之一，五大仙山之一，中國道教發(fā)祥地之一，成都十景之一。下面是小編收集整理的四川青城山導(dǎo)游詞范文，歡迎借鑒參考。四川青城山導(dǎo)游詞（一）

各位女士、各位先生，我們現(xiàn)在出發(fā)去游覽青城山，青城山位于都江堰市西南，乘車前往大約需要20分鐘，我想就利用途中的時間，給諸位介紹一下青城山的概況。

青城山距離成都市區(qū)63公里，因景區(qū)青山環(huán)列，林木繁茂，終年幽靜清涼，歷來是川西著名的游覽和避暑的勝地。又因這里是中國道教的發(fā)源地之一，東漢以來歷經(jīng)二千多年，一直是道教存在和發(fā)展的重要基地，影響廣及全國，所以青城山也是著名的道教名山。說到這里，大家可能已經(jīng)聽出青城山的基本特點(diǎn)了；那就是離都市最近的、自然景色清幽和道教文化源遠(yuǎn)流長的風(fēng)景名勝地，而且還要加上六個字：保護(hù)相當(dāng)完好。因此，1982年就被國務(wù)院公布為第一批全國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。1999年青城山與都江堰景區(qū)聯(lián)名申報世界自然文化遺產(chǎn)，得到聯(lián)合國教科文組織來的專家充分肯定。當(dāng)然，眼見為實”，一會兒大家親臨其境，就知道我所言非虛了。

青城山的得名有兩種說法：一種說法是說青城山有陰陽36峰環(huán)狀排列，峰銳崖陡，林木蔥籠，宛如一座綠色的城郭，以形得名，叫做青城山；第二種說法是說青城山原名清城山，青字有三點(diǎn)水偏旁，因古代神話說清都、紫微，天帝所居”，這里就是神仙居住的地方，所以取名清城山”。后來，道教創(chuàng)始人東漢的張陵張?zhí)鞄焺?chuàng)立天師道以清城山為基地，道教主張清虛自持”返樸歸真”的教義，與清城仙都的意思相合，山名就無變化。唐初佛教發(fā)展很快，清城山上發(fā)生了佛道間地盤之爭，官司打到皇帝那里，唐玄宗信道，親自下詔書判定觀還道家，寺依山外”。道家勝利了?？墒窃t書把清城山的清字寫成了沒有水旁的青了。道家既借助于皇帝親判的威力收回地盤，也就將清城山改稱青城山了。

這個故事并非傳說，山上保存的唐碑詔書全文具在，足以作證。

道教文化

據(jù)地質(zhì)考察，青城山形成于1億8千萬年前的一次造山運(yùn)動，山體抬升時受強(qiáng)烈擠壓，巖層破碎。起伏較大，褶皺明顯，所以山形千奇百怪，絕壁深壑，斷崖裂石，處處顯示出大自然的鬼斧神工。相傳青城山區(qū)有36峰、8大洞、72小洞、共108景。一百單八是一個吉祥數(shù)字，表示景點(diǎn)很多，但人們更向往的是這里滿布山嶺的古木森林和蜿蜒山路上那無盡的清涼幽意，以及歷史悠久的道教文化和保護(hù)完好的宮觀建筑藝術(shù)。

說到道教文化，由于道教在青城山兩仟多年的存在和發(fā)展，特別是歷代高道的主持和經(jīng)營，青城山一直作為道家的祖山，俗家心目中的神山”，而得到充分的保護(hù)?？梢哉f，今天青城山的古建筑、古遺址、歷史傳說、飲食習(xí)俗，乃至林木花草，都滲透著道教文化的精神。青城山道教發(fā)展也有幾個起落。遠(yuǎn)在東漢順帝漢安二年（公元143年），在邛崍山系的鶴鳴山（今大邑縣境）修道的張陵，來到青城山赤城崖創(chuàng)立道教。因張陵被其弟子尊為天師”，所創(chuàng)道教也叫天師道”。天師道經(jīng)過張陵及其子孫歷代天師的創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展，逐漸擴(kuò)及全國，晉隋時期，天師道有北天師道和南天師道的興起和地區(qū)教派的產(chǎn)生。青城山所傳屬于南天師道的正一教派。至唐末，著名道士杜光庭來青城山，天師道傳統(tǒng)乃與上清道結(jié)合。上清道宣稱修行得道可升上清天”，比舊天師道理想的太清境”更高。杜光庭后來在前蜀皇帝王建手下做官，官至光祿大夫尚書戶部侍郎，封上柱國蔡國公，晚年居青城山近30年，著書立說，對道教的發(fā)展影響很大。

到南宋時，青城山道士李少微等人創(chuàng)清微派，以行雷法為能事，將內(nèi)丹術(shù)與符咒術(shù)相結(jié)合，稱可以驅(qū)邪，可以治病，可以達(dá)帝，可以嘯命風(fēng)雷，可以斡旋造化”，元朝封他為雷淵廣福真人”，一時信徒很多，青城山又再度興旺起來。明代，青城山道教所傳屬于全真道龍門派。全真道與原來的天師正一道不同的是，它主張修道者要出家投師，住庵當(dāng)?shù)朗浚蝗⑵奘?，不吃葷腥，?chuàng)立了一套養(yǎng)身習(xí)靜的修練方法。道士住山，自然對宮觀的維護(hù)，山林的栽培就更為重視。明朝末年，戰(zhàn)亂不斷，青城山道士逃走，直到清康熙八年，武當(dāng)山全真道龍門派道士陳清覺來青城山主持教務(wù)，又使局面重新改觀。后來陳在四川官員的幫助下，得到康熙皇帝的欽賜御書丹臺碧洞”，并封他為碧洞真人”。

從此，青城山道系屬于全真道龍門派丹臺碧洞宗。新中國成立以后，青城山吸收了各地道士，原來丹臺碧洞宗的格局有所改變，但其在道教中仍是很有影響的一支。1957年，中國道教協(xié)會”成立，青城山道士易心瑩被選為副會長兼副秘書長。其后，傅元天道長也被選為中國道協(xié)副會長，1992年當(dāng)選為會長，并兼任中國道教學(xué)院院長。所以，研究道教文化的人是不可不來青城山的。

山門

各位貴賓，現(xiàn)在已到青城山前，眼前那座古典輝煌的山門和后面青翠入云的山林，總是讓每一個來客感到—股濃濃的幽意，急于走進(jìn)這清幽世界的心情也油然而生。請不要著急，讓我們先看看山門旁的建福宮。

建福宮，在丈人峰下，始建于唐開元十八年（公元730年），原名丈人洞，宋時朝廷賜名會慶建福宮?！闭扇朔逡?qū)幏獾妹?，相傳寧封是黃帝時的制陶官員，能履蹈烈焰，隨煙上下，又能駕御風(fēng)云，寧封幫助黃帝學(xué)會龍蹺飛行”之術(shù)，打敗了蚩尤，統(tǒng)一華夏，被黃帝封為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)五岳的五岳丈人”。宋時又加封蜀州青城山丈人觀九天丈人、儲福定命真君。道教的十大洞天都有一位主治神仙，寧封便是青城山的主治神仙。今建福宮是清光緒十四年（公元1888年）重建，近年又進(jìn)行過大規(guī)模的維修和補(bǔ)建。

建福宮建筑面積1196平方米。前建亭樓映襯，后有丹臺翠林，門額建福宮三字是1940年國民的政府主席林森所題，前殿叫長生殿”，供的是晉代高道范長生。正殿是寧封和杜光庭塑像。后殿三尊塑像，中間是太上老君，被尊為道教教主，左是東華帝君，即神話中的東衛(wèi)公，為全真道的第一位祖師，右為道教全真派創(chuàng)立者王重陽。殿堂板壁上有張三豐祖師的詩。楹柱上掛的394字的青城長聯(lián)”，寫景說典，有興趣的可以一讀。

索道

進(jìn)山門，我們右行去月城湖坐索道上山。這條林間山道首先進(jìn)人眼簾的是路旁并立的雨亭和翠光亭。

青城山的游山道上散布著許多的橋、亭和牌坊，與林相配，因山取勢，形成意趣不同的風(fēng)景圖畫。山亭多取枯樹為柱，以樹皮蓋頂，樹根為凳，枯枝古藤為裝飾，符合道教的清靜無為，回歸自然，與青幽的山景渾然一體。亭型也隨景而異，有隨路轉(zhuǎn)折形成的三角亭——怡樂窩；有半倚山崖的方亭——泠然亭；有佇立峰頂?shù)陌私峭ぁ⑿耐?；還有山路穿過而減柱的臥云亭，有隨山勢而成弧形的凝翠橋，這些山亭都應(yīng)景造型，命名切景，又配有貼切的楹聯(lián)，更富有詩意。各位在游程中將會不斷看到。

月城湖到了。這里原有一股甘泉，名叫丈人泉”。1985年人們在此筑壩攔水，形成湖泊。我們過湖乘索道纜車直達(dá)上清宮。從高處往下走，比步行登山省時省力，也就有更充足的時間和精力來游覽了。索道全長980米，采用安全舒適的循環(huán)式吊椅載客，游人凌空觀景，眼界開闊，別有情趣。

上清宮

下索道，已是上清宮景區(qū)的四望觀。

上清宮位于高臺山之陽，是青城山現(xiàn)存38處宮觀中位置最高的一座道觀，宮門上有門樓，上清宮三個大字是手書，兩旁聯(lián)文是元老、書法家于右任撰書于今百草承元化，自古名山待圣人”，說青城山的草木都得到了道家仙氣的沾染，自古這座名山就等待各位朋友的光臨。另一副是愛國將領(lǐng)馮玉祥撰書的稱頌道教的對聯(lián)，字體恭整好認(rèn)，我就不逐字念讀了。殿的右側(cè)南樓前有兩井并列，稱為鴛鴦八封井。兩井—方一圓，其泉源相通，但一渾一清，一淺一深，井旁刻有國畫大師張大千手書鴛鴦井”三字。殿右側(cè)廳有楠木板壁刻《道德經(jīng)》全文。殿左側(cè)有長廊通向配殿，內(nèi)祀孔子和關(guān)羽，取名文武殿，兩旁有張大千所繪麻姑、王母、三豐祖師、花蕊夫人畫像石刻。文武殿右下為麻姑池，傳為麻姑浴丹處，形如半月，深廣數(shù)尺，水色碧綠，長年不竭不溢。

上清官主殿供奉的是太上老君，也就是道教的教祖老子。由文武殿前長廊再前行到皇經(jīng)樓，出院門至圣燈亭。旁有小路直上高臺山的峰頂——彭祖峰，山上有亭叫呼應(yīng)亭，取登高一呼，眾山皆應(yīng)”之意，現(xiàn)在改建成一個接待點(diǎn)，又在其更高處新修了老君閣”。

三層樓的罩式高閣里面供奉著道教教主李老君騎青牛的巨大銅像。請大家上閣去看。站在老君閣的三樓觀光廊上，憑廊遠(yuǎn)眺，青城諸峰，碧綠一片，拱伏眼界，山風(fēng)橫過，翠浪起伏，那份清心爽目的舒適和快意，真是難以形容。再遠(yuǎn)看，岷山隱隱，岷江如帶，婉蜒飄逸。成都平原如千里錦繡，歷歷在目。如果夜宿上清宮，那么還可賞神燈、觀日出、看云海，這是青城山的三大奇觀，各有奇趣。

沿路下山，前面要經(jīng)過一段崎毗陡峭的山路，雖有扶手鐵鏈，也請大家小心，經(jīng)過大小朝陽洞，到訪寧橋”路就好走了。

祖師殿

訪寧橋往左約二里到祖師殿。此殿始建于晉，原名洞天觀，現(xiàn)存殿宇建于清同治四年（公元1865年），供奉真武大帝和三豐祖師，故又名真武宮。祖師殿面對的山谷叫白云溪，背后是軒轅峰，林嵐掩映，環(huán)境清幽。古跡有唐代高道杜光庭讀書的讀書臺”。

1982年被定為全國道教重點(diǎn)宮觀。殿右那條小道可去青城后山。馮玉祥將軍在抗戰(zhàn)期間三次到過青城山，1945年那次住祖師殿。得到日本無條件投降的消息后，將軍不勝喜悅，在殿側(cè)刻碑筑亭以為紀(jì)念，此碑現(xiàn)在祖師殿內(nèi)，作為文物保護(hù)。

快到天師洞了，這里叫古龍橋，請看南面那條山縫，從崖頂直到山腳筆直裂開的一條石縫，說是山縫，實際約有18米寬，深達(dá)70多米，景色奇險，傳說是張?zhí)鞄煘榻捣喑巧降难Ч砉?，念咒畫符之后，朱筆一擲，筆跡裂山為槽，人們就叫它為擲筆槽”。

天師殿

這里是天師殿，我們通常說的天師洞景區(qū)是指古常道觀為代表的一組宮觀建筑群。天師殿是最上部也是常道觀的最后一殿。這殿位于第三混元頂?shù)膸r腹洞前，清光緒十年重建。

上層洞窟里面供的張?zhí)鞄?，因此人們說這里才是名符其實的天師洞。請看這座隋代石刻的張?zhí)鞄熛?、三只眼睛怒視，神態(tài)威嚴(yán)，左掌直伸，現(xiàn)出掌中陽平治都功印”，據(jù)說是天師以鎮(zhèn)山之寶降魔的法像。旁邊是他的第30代孫、宋代虛靖天師的塑像，和氣文雅，一副濟(jì)世救人的形象。天師殿是天師道的祖庭，過去的江西龍虎山歷代天師就任后，都要到這里朝拜。

往前為三皇殿”，內(nèi)有伏羲、神農(nóng)、軒轅三皇石像各一尊，神座前有唐代的開元皇帝書碑，令觀還道家。寺依山外舊所”，十分寶貴，世代傳為鎮(zhèn)山之寶。其它碑刻有張大千先生的天師像”和《龍門派碧洞宗道脈淵源碑》等，都是值得觀賞的文物。

黃帝祠在正殿三清殿”后，我們從上清宮下來，是從后向前看，所以先看天師殿，再進(jìn)黃帝祠，最后再游三清殿。黃帝祠是供奉的軒轅黃帝。殿宇重檐回廊，古樸靜雅，橫額上有元老、大書法家于石任手書的古黃帝祠”四個金字，祠前的軒轅黃帝洞碑”刻的是馮玉樣將軍1943年撰題的頌詞：軒轅黃帝，偉大民祖，戰(zhàn)功烈烈，仁愛各族。制禮作樂，能文能武，垂教子孫，流芳千古?！边@位中華民族的始祖，受人崇敬，尊之為神。青城山因有黃帝到丈人山，訪寧封修習(xí)龍蹺飛行”之術(shù)的傳說故事，所以早在隋朝年間山上就立洞祭祀了。

三清殿

現(xiàn)在我們游覽三清殿。三清殿是天師洞景區(qū)最宏偉和最值得欣賞的道教宮觀建筑。

大殿為重檐歇山頂樓閣式建筑，建于1923年，近年又進(jìn)行過維修。殿前通廊以九級石階接托，前檐以六根大石圓柱支撐，石柱又分別立于高1.2米、精雕奇獸圖案的石礎(chǔ)上面，顯得莊嚴(yán)而又十分氣派。殿堂橫列五大開間，共580平方米，前后檐柱和經(jīng)柱共有4.4米高的整石圓雕大柱28根，石柱上端撐弓、彎門全系鏤空花刻，有飛禽走獸，人物花草，色調(diào)素雅，與建筑配合和諧協(xié)調(diào)。樓上是無極殿”，樓正中有八角形樓井，用于采光通風(fēng)，還可卸去游人壓抑之感，正中懸有康熙御書丹臺碧洞”匾額。殿內(nèi)供奉道教至高無上的三位尊神：居于玉清化境（在清微天）的元始天尊，象征洪元世紀(jì)；居于上清化境（在禹余天）的靈寶天尊，象征混元世紀(jì)；居于太清仙境（在大赤天）的道德天尊，象征太初世紀(jì)。這位道德天尊即太上老君。三位天尊合稱三清”，所以這里叫三清殿”。

殿前的石欄上，刻有許多人像，光頭露背，翻騰撲躍，嬉鬧戲耍，頭光上沒有戒疤，天靈蓋下凹未平，有的還有毛根兒”，穿開擋褲，若嬰孩形象，是為赤子”。按《道德經(jīng)》說：常德不離，得力歸于嬰兒”，教人要保持純潔、善良的赤子之心，認(rèn)為修道的人要回返到童心不泯的境界。石雕中還設(shè)計了一些樂器，那海螺遇到山風(fēng)，會發(fā)出悅耳的聲音，叫天籟”。這組石雕就天簌嬰靈圖，反映了道教的哲理和審美情趣。

殿前還有一株古銀杏，高約30米，樹冠直徑36米，傳為張?zhí)鞄熓种病?/p>

下山

走出古常道觀的山門，天師洞景區(qū)的游覽告一段落，請大家再看一下這宮觀的位置，當(dāng)初的選址人是何等的高明！

古常道觀位處白云溪和海棠峰之間山坪上，海拔高1000米，后有第三混元頂聳立如屏，左接青龍崗，右攜黑虎塘，三面環(huán)山，前方白云谷視野開闊，可望千崖迤邐，萬樹凝煙，身居深山目及天際，一派神仙都會的境界。而且天師洞的宮觀建筑把山門、三清殿和黃帝殿作為核心，布置在中軸線上，大小十多個天井和曲折環(huán)繞的外廊，隨地形高低錯落，把殿宇樓閣聯(lián)成一片，廊柱上楹聯(lián)詩刻，天井中古木奇花，充滿詩情畫意，與周圍的山景相襯，分外幽雅。十分符合道教的融于自然的思想。

各位朋友，現(xiàn)在順路下山。我們今天看到的青城山比它以往的任何時候更青幽、更美麗，到此旅游的中外游客也比任何時期更多。這是因為，解放后，特別是改革開放之后，青城山的自然面貌和宮觀亭閣得到了政府的高度重視和充分保護(hù)，1999年，都江堰——青城山景區(qū)正式申報自然文化雙遺產(chǎn)，政府又投入大大量的人力、物力、財力、使青城山煥發(fā)了青春，更加靚麗。

大家就要離開青城山了，如果有的朋友想帶土特產(chǎn)回去饋贈親朋好友，我介紹四樣青城山有名的特產(chǎn)：白果燉雞、洞天乳酒、青城貢茶、洞天泡菜。

四川青城山導(dǎo)游詞（二）

城山位于都江堰市西南，東距成都市區(qū)68公里。青城山是世界文化遺產(chǎn)，中國四大道教名山之一

青城山鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)境有省道大三公路穿越，入青城山公路在鎮(zhèn)治地與其連接，公路總長29公里，其中水泥路面19公里。有村道6條，總長8.7公里，一般寬為5—6米。1999年，實現(xiàn)村村通電話目標(biāo)。青城山鎮(zhèn)建立后，鎮(zhèn)境逐步建立起真正意義上的企業(yè)，鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)以生產(chǎn)旅游產(chǎn)品為主。至1999年末，有釀造、茶葉加工、制陶及食品與竹木加工等企業(yè)24個，其中個體私營7家。主要產(chǎn)品為老媽紅系列酒、老臘肉、青城泡菜、青城山老窖系列、紫砂制品等，年產(chǎn)值7002萬元，營銷收入6750萬元。

青城山是國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，歷史悠久，聞名遐邇。1986年后，又先后自籌和引進(jìn)資金十?dāng)?shù)億元，興建了月城湖、月城湖至四望觀的架空索道，開辟了青城后山風(fēng)景區(qū)，建成了王小波、李順起義陳列館，恢復(fù)了泰安古鎮(zhèn)，開辟成了水晶溶洞、神仙洞、白云群洞、翠映湖、五龍溝、紅巖等景點(diǎn)，修建了泰安寺至又一村、又一村至白云寺的架空索道，興建了娛樂中心、味江漂流沖浪、旅游小火車等游樂設(shè)施，修建了別墅、度假村、賓館、會議中心等旅游服務(wù)設(shè)施。同時加強(qiáng)和不斷完善景區(qū)管理，青城山景區(qū)已連續(xù)多年被評為省級優(yōu)秀旅游風(fēng)景區(qū)。

青城山位于都江堰市西南，乘車前往大約需要20分鐘，我想就利用途中的時間，給諸位介紹一下青城山的概況。

青城山距離成都市區(qū)63公里，因景區(qū)青山環(huán)列，林木繁茂，終年幽靜清涼，歷來是川西著名的游覽和避暑的勝地。又因這里是中國道教的發(fā)源地之一，東漢以來歷經(jīng)二千多年，一直是道教存在和發(fā)展的重要基地，影響廣及全國，所以青城山也是著名的道教名山。說到這里，大家可能已經(jīng)聽出青城山的基本特點(diǎn)了；那就是離都市最近的、自然景色清幽和道教文化源遠(yuǎn)流長的風(fēng)景名勝地，而且還要加上六個字：保護(hù)相當(dāng)完好。因此，1982年就被國務(wù)院公布為第一批全國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。1999年青城山與都江堰景區(qū)聯(lián)名申報世界自然文化遺產(chǎn)，得到聯(lián)合國教科文組織來的專家充分肯定。當(dāng)然，“眼見為實”，一會兒大家親臨其境，就知道我所言非虛了。

青城山的得名有兩種說法：一種說法是說青城山有陰陽36峰環(huán)狀排列，峰銳崖陡，林木蔥籠，宛如一座綠色的城郭，以形得名，叫做青城山；第二種說法是說青城山原名清城山，青字有三點(diǎn)水偏旁，因古代神話說“清都、紫微，天帝所居”，這里就是神仙居住的地方，所以取名“清城山”。后來，道教創(chuàng)始人東漢的張陵張?zhí)鞄焺?chuàng)立天師道以清城山為基地，道教主張“清虛自持”“返樸歸真”的教義，與清城仙都的意思相合，山名就無變化。

唐初佛教發(fā)展很快，清城山上發(fā)生了佛道間地盤之爭，官司打到皇帝那里，唐玄宗信道，親自下詔書判定“觀還道家，寺依山外”。道家勝利了?？墒窃t書把清城山的清字寫成了沒有水旁的青了。道家既借助于皇帝親判的威力收回地盤，也就將清城山改稱青城山了。

青城山為中國道教發(fā)源地之一，屬道教名山。位于四川省都江堰市西南，古名“天倉山”，又名“丈人山”。東距成都市68公里，處于都江堰水利工程西南10公里處。主峰老霄頂海拔1600米。在四川名山中與劍門之險、峨嵋之秀、夔門之雄齊名，有“青城天下幽”之美譽(yù)。青城山是中國著名的歷史名山和國家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，并于2000年同都江堰共同作為一項世界文化遺產(chǎn)被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。2008年汶川地震中青城山受到比較大的影響。青城山在歷史上名稱很多，曾叫“汶山”、“天谷山”、瀆山、丈人山、赤城山、清城都、天國山等名。青城山被譽(yù)為“天下第五名山”。

青城山，世界文化遺產(chǎn)，世界自然遺產(chǎn)，中國四大道教名山之一，全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，國家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，國家AAAAA級旅游景區(qū)。青城山位于都江堰市西南，東距成都市區(qū)68公里。主峰老霄頂海拔1260米。青城山群峰環(huán)繞起伏、林木蔥蘢幽翠，享有“青城天下幽”的美謄。青城山歷史悠久，是中國道教發(fā)祥地之一，是全國道教十大洞天的第五洞天。

青城山分前、后山。前山是青城山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的主體部分，約15平方千米，景色優(yōu)美，文物古跡眾多，主要景點(diǎn)有建福宮、天然圖畫、天師洞、朝陽洞、祖師殿、上清宮等；后山總面積100平方公里，水秀、林幽、山雄，高不可攀，直上而去，冬天則寒氣逼人、夏天則涼爽無比，蔚為奇觀，主要景點(diǎn)有金壁天倉、圣母洞、山泉霧潭、白云群洞、天橋奇景等。

自古以來，人們以“幽”字來概括青城山的特色。青城山空翠四合，峰巒、溪谷、宮觀皆掩映于繁茂蒼翠的林木之中。道觀亭閣取材自然，不假雕飾，與山林巖泉融為一體，體現(xiàn)出道家崇尚樸素自然的風(fēng)格。堪稱青城山特色的還有日出、云海、圣燈三大自然奇觀。其中圣燈（又稱神燈）尤為奇特。上清宮是觀賞圣燈的最佳觀景處。每逢雨后天晴的夏日，夜幕降臨后，在上清宮附近的圣燈亭內(nèi)可見山中光亮點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，閃爍飄蕩，少時三、五盞，忽生忽滅，多時成百上千，山谷一時燦若星漢。傳說是“神仙都會”青城山的神仙朝賀張?zhí)鞄煏r點(diǎn)亮的燈籠，稱為圣燈。實際上，這只是山中磷氧化燃燒的自然景象。青城之幽素為歷代文人墨客所推崇，唐代“詩圣”杜甫來到青城山寫下了“自為青城客，不唾青城地。為愛丈人山，丹梯近幽意”的佳句。

1940年前后，當(dāng)代國畫大師張大千舉家寓居青城山上清宮。他尋幽探勝，潑墨弄清彩，作品愈千幅，還篆刻圖章一方，自號“青城客”。六十年代，張大千在遠(yuǎn)隔重洋的巴西圣保羅畫巨幅《青城山全圖》，供自己及家人臥游。晚年自云：“看山還故鄉(xiāng)青”，“而今能畫不能歸”，終身對故鄉(xiāng)青城仙山充滿著眷戀之情。在中國，這世外桃源是十分美麗的。

四川青城山導(dǎo)游詞（三）

青城山是中國道教的發(fā)源地之一，屬于道教名山。建福宮，始建于唐代，規(guī)模頗大。天然圖畫坊，是清光緒年間建造的一座閣。天師洞，洞中有“天師”張道陵及其三十代孫“虛靖天師”像。現(xiàn)存殿宇建于清末，規(guī)模宏偉，雕刻精細(xì)，并有不少珍貴文物和古樹。

青城山位于中國西部四川省都江堰市西南15公里處。因為山上樹木茂盛，四季常青，故歷來享有“青城天下幽”的美譽(yù)。

青城山是中國道教的重要發(fā)祥地。全山的道教宮觀以天師洞為核心，包括建福宮、上清宮、祖師殿、圓明宮、老君閣、玉清宮、朝陽洞等10余座。建福宮建于唐開元十八年（公元730年），現(xiàn)存建筑為清代光緒年間（公元1888年）重建?，F(xiàn)有大殿三重，分別奉祀道教名人和諸神，殿內(nèi)柱上的394字的對聯(lián)，被贊為“青城一絕”。天然圖畫坊位于龍居山牌坊崗的山脊上，是一座十角重檐式的亭閣，建于清光緒（公元1875～1909年）年間。這里風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，游人到此仿佛置身畫中，故將其稱為“天然圖畫”。

這些建筑充分體現(xiàn)了道家追求自然的思想，一般采用按中軸線對稱展開的傳統(tǒng)手法，并依據(jù)地形地貌，巧妙地構(gòu)建各種建筑。建筑裝飾上也反映了道教追求吉祥、長壽和升仙的思想。對于深入研究中國古代的道教哲學(xué)思想，有著重要的歷史和藝術(shù)價值。

青城山因其的秀麗的自然風(fēng)光和眾多道教建筑而成為天下名山，自古就是游覽勝地和隱居修練之處，文人墨客們留下了的珍貴“墨寶”，為這座名山增添了豐富的人文景觀。特別是為數(shù)眾多的楹聯(lián)，不但贊美了青城山的美麗，還頌揚(yáng)了道教思想、道教經(jīng)典，表達(dá)出對中華民族的人文初祖由衷的敬意，以及對國家興衰、民生榮辱的關(guān)注。

第三篇：青城山風(fēng)景區(qū)導(dǎo)游詞

青城山是中國道教的發(fā)源地之一，屬于道教名山。建福宮，始建于唐代，規(guī)模頗大。天然圖畫坊，是清光緒年間建造的一座閣。下面是小編為大家整理的青城山導(dǎo)游詞，希望可以幫助到你。青城山風(fēng)景區(qū)導(dǎo)游詞1

來自全國各地的朋友們，你們好！因在此的朋友們來自祖國不同的地方，有道是“有緣千里來相會”相聚在里，這就是緣份，希望各位朋友都能珍惜旅途中一起同行的緣份，能在旅游活動中彼此關(guān)照。請大家跟隨我。大家來四川之前一定聽過“拜水都江堰，問道青城山”廣告詞。今天我們就先“問道青城山”。青城山位于四川省都江堰市西南、成都平原西北部青城山——都江堰風(fēng)景區(qū)內(nèi)，距成都68千米，距都江堰市區(qū)16千米。古稱丈人山，為邛崍山脈的分支。主峰老霄頂海拔1260米。全山林木青翠，四季常青，諸峰環(huán)峙，狀若城郭，故名青城山。丹梯千級，曲徑通幽，以幽潔取勝，自古就有“青城天下幽”的美譽(yù)。與劍門之險、峨眉之秀、夔門之雄齊名。青城山背靠千里岷江，俯瞰成都平原，景區(qū)面積200平方千米。古人記述中，青城山有“三十六峰”“八大洞”“七十二小洞”“一百八景”之說。青城山分前，后山。前山是青城山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的主體部分，約15平方千米，景色優(yōu)美，文物古跡眾多，主要景點(diǎn)有建福宮，天然圖畫、天師洞、朝陽洞、祖師殿，上清宮等：后山總面積100平方千米，水秀，林幽、山雄，高不可攀，直上而去，冬天則寒氣通人，夏天則涼爽無比，蔚為奇觀，主要景點(diǎn)有金壁天倉、圣母洞、山泉霧潭、白云群洞、天橋奇景等。1982年，青城山作為四川青城山——都江堰風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的重要組成部分，被國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)列人第一批國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)名單。2000年，都江堰及青城山被列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。2007年，青城山一都江堰旅游景區(qū)被評為首批國家AAAAA級旅游景區(qū)。

各位游客朋友，自古以來，人們以“幽”字來概括青城山的特色。青城山空翠四合，峰巒，溪谷、宮觀皆掩映于繁茂蒼翠的林木之中。道觀亭閣取材于自然，不加雕飾，與山林巖泉融為一體，體現(xiàn)出道家崇尚樸素自然的風(fēng)格。彰顯青城山特色的還有日出，云海、圣燈三大自然奇觀。其中圣燈（又稱神燈）尤為奇特。上清宮是觀賞圣燈的最佳觀景處。每逢雨后天晴的夏日，夜幕降臨后，在上清宮附近的圣燈亭內(nèi)可見山中光亮點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，閃爍飄蕩，少時三五盞，忽生忽滅，多時成百上千，山谷一時燦若星漢。傳說是青城山的神仙朝賀張?zhí)鞄煏r點(diǎn)亮的燈籠，稱為圣燈。實際上，這只是山中磷氧化燃燒的自然景象。青城之幽素為歷代文人墨客所推崇，唐代“詩圣”杜甫來到青城山后，寫下了“自為青城客，不唾青城地。為愛丈人山，丹梯近幽意”的佳句。1940年前后，當(dāng)代國畫大師張大千舉家寓居青城山上清宮。他尋幽探勝，潑墨弄彩，作品逾千幅，還篆刻圖章一方，自號“青城客”。20世紀(jì)60年代，張大千在遠(yuǎn)隔重洋的巴西圣保羅畫巨幅《青城山全圖》，晚年自云：“看山還是故鄉(xiāng)青”，“而今能畫不能歸”，終身對故鄉(xiāng)青城仙山充滿著眷戀之情。

各位游客朋友，現(xiàn)在我們來到了青城山著名道教宮觀——建福宮。建福宮坐落于丈人峰下，始建于唐開元十八年（公元730年），后經(jīng)歷代多次修復(fù)，現(xiàn)僅存兩殿三院，為清代光緒年間（公元1888年）重建?，F(xiàn)有大殿三重，分別奉祀道教名人和諸神，殿內(nèi)柱上的394字的對聯(lián)，被贊為“青城一絕”。建福宮筑于峭壁之下，氣度非凡。其左側(cè)是明慶府王妃遺址，西行一千米，即至巖石聳立，云霧繚繞的“天然圖畫”。南宋詩人陸游有詩描寫當(dāng)時的建福宮是“黃金篆書榜金門，夾道巨竹屯蒼云。巖嶺劃若天地分，千柱眈眈在其垠”。觀宮內(nèi)保存有古木假山，委心亭，明慶符王妃的梳妝臺遺址以及壁畫、楹聯(lián)等文物。

各位游客朋友，現(xiàn)在我們看到的就是老君閣，老君閣位于青城第一峰絕頂（即彭祖峰頂，或稱高臺山、老霄頂），海拔高1260米，頂上原有呼應(yīng)亭，取“登高一呼，眾山皆應(yīng)”之意。20世紀(jì)80年代末改亭建閣。2008年“5.12”特大地震毀壞后，今重建閣高33米，共九層，下方上圓，層有八角，象征天圓地方，太極八卦；外觀呈塔形，尖頂，中堆三圓寶，寓意天地人三才。

重建以前老君閣造像，以徐悲鴻當(dāng)年在青城的遺作《紫氣東來》為藍(lán)本，經(jīng)許多學(xué)者、藝術(shù)家和鑒賞家精研，并由青城山道友繪制、塑造而成。老君像高十三米六，連牛身通高十六米。悉按古典建筑規(guī)范，用鋼筋水泥澆鑄，精銅包里，金光炫目，栩栩如生。老君閣建筑群包括東華殿等處。其中東華殿的一百平方米，長五間，中祀東華帝君，左右龕分祀?yún)渭冴柤版R離權(quán)。老君閣于一九九二年秋興建，歷時三載竣工。為八百里青城圣境，又創(chuàng)一宏偉奇觀。

各位朋友，咱們的行程就要結(jié)束了，在這里呢，我想把祝福送給大家，我衷心祝愿咱們能夠再次重逢在陽光燦爛的季節(jié)。謝謝大家！

青城山風(fēng)景區(qū)導(dǎo)游詞2

親愛的游客朋友們，大家好！歡迎來到青城山景區(qū)參觀游覽！我是各位今天的導(dǎo)游小×，很高興能陪伴大家旅行，在今天的游覽過程中，請您全程緊跟團(tuán)隊，注意安全，祝您旅途愉快！

作為川中名山的青城山，背倚莽莽蒼蒼的千里岷山，面對一馬平川的成都平原，坐落于四川省成都市都江堰市西南，距離成都僅68公里，地理位置極為優(yōu)越。早在漢代，這里就已經(jīng)成為我國道教發(fā)源地之一。青城山與偉大的水利工程都江堰相距僅12公里，這一山一水相映成輝，并于2000年，同作為一項世界文化遺產(chǎn)被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄，成為“拜水都江堰，問道青城山”之旅的精華景區(qū)。

青城山又稱“赤城山”，因為傳說中“赤城”乃是天上神仙居住的地方。道教創(chuàng)始人張陵當(dāng)年在青城山一帶創(chuàng)教傳教，以青城山為道教祖庭的所在地。唐玄宗時力主道教，使青城山的道教宮觀有了空前的發(fā)展，最鼎盛的時候全山有道觀七十余座，現(xiàn)保存下來的有天師洞、上清宮、祖師殿等幾座較大的宮觀。青城山全山有三十六峰，峰巒如聚，林木茂盛，終年四季常青，狀似綠樹包圍的巨大城池，故名為“青城山”。在蜀中眾多名山里，青城山更是以其“幽”獨(dú)樹一幟，不管是參天古木還是通幽小徑，無不與宮觀樓閣相映成趣，幽中見奇，幽中見秀，難怪世人皆道“青城天下幽”。于是這一道一幽，就巧妙地構(gòu)成了我們探訪青城山的線索，讓我們走進(jìn)青城山，拜讀道教文化，感悟幽深清靜。

游客朋友們，我們一路走來，不知您是否在已感受到青城山獨(dú)特的清涼幽靜了呢？現(xiàn)在，我們來到了海拔1260米的老宵頂，而您眼前所看到的就是位于青城山第一峰絕頂之上的老君閣。

老君閣原為“呼應(yīng)亭”，有“登高一呼，眾山皆應(yīng)”之意，后改亭建閣，而得名“老君閣”。老君閣基寬四百平方米，共六層。下方上圓．寓意天圓地方；層有八角，以示八卦；外觀呈塔形，頂接三圓寶，以昭天地人三才之意。青城山所有的道教建筑，都依自然地理環(huán)境而建造，上下重疊錯落有致，并都以“三”為建筑構(gòu)思，體現(xiàn)了道家“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物”的宇宙乾坤概念。建筑上布滿了繪畫和浮雕裝飾，表達(dá)了道家清靜無為，健康長壽的思想。老君閣選擇在青城絕頂上而建，上接天下連地，也正是對道教崇尚天人合一的最好詮釋。當(dāng)我們登閣遠(yuǎn)望，岷邛群山和天府平川盡收眼底，即使是山霧繚繞時，也能感受到天地間仿似仙境，有攀云登日之感。在2008年的汶川大地震中，老君閣曾遭受重創(chuàng)，好在修復(fù)及時，才讓這絕世之作今天還能呈現(xiàn)在大家眼前。

老君閣的由來，是因為閣內(nèi)所供奉的太上老君騎青牛巨像，請大家隨我走進(jìn)老君閣，一睹太上老君的風(fēng)采。大家可以隨我手指方向看去，眼前這座就是老君閣鎮(zhèn)閣之寶——太上老君騎青牛像。老君像高13.6米，連牛身通高16米，以徐悲鴻當(dāng)年在青城的遺作《紫氣東來》為藍(lán)本，經(jīng)許多學(xué)者精研，并由青城山道友繪制、塑造而成。造像過程按古典建筑規(guī)范，用鋼筋水泥澆鑄，精銅包里，金光炫目，栩栩如生，堪稱是自古及今絕無僅有的老君塑像。

老君即“三清”中的“太清道德天尊”，其原型便是道家創(chuàng)始人老子。據(jù)傳，周昭王22年，老子對周王朝的衰敗感到無力，不得已的情況下準(zhǔn)備離開家鄉(xiāng)，去四處游歷。待他走到函谷關(guān)的時候，函谷關(guān)的總兵尹喜將他攔了下來，因為尹喜在城關(guān)上眺望時，看到一團(tuán)紫氣從東方冉冉漂移而來，接著，風(fēng)骨非凡的老子就騎著青牛出現(xiàn)，所以尹喜認(rèn)為老子是貴人，想要挽留。但是老子去意已決，尹喜想要留下他，于是想了一個為難老子的辦法，讓老子留下自己的一篇文章，如果老子寫不出來，那么就不放他出關(guān)。可是他沒有想到的是，老子僅僅花了非常短的時間就將一篇文章寫給了他，于是輕松地出了函谷關(guān)。而他留下的這篇文章就是后來聞名于世的《道德經(jīng)》，文章中闡明“道”即是宇宙之源，是萬物生化規(guī)律，具有清靜無為自然的本性。老子出函谷關(guān)后，不知所蹤，據(jù)說是羽化成仙。后來，老子出關(guān)的故事被人們津津樂道地傳說和演繹著，而老子出關(guān)時的“紫氣東來”更是成為了中國文化中的一個基因。其后，張陵創(chuàng)建道教，拜老子為教主，以《道德經(jīng)》為經(jīng)典。有趣的是，老子出關(guān)所乘坐的青牛也成為道家文化中的一個著名的意象，青牛成為后來神仙道士的坐騎。

講到這里，想必大家已按捺不住想要等閣遠(yuǎn)眺，眾覽青城群山，一嘗飄然成仙之感了吧？接下來我們在此作短暫的自由活動，請大家一定注意腳下安全。

青城山風(fēng)景區(qū)導(dǎo)游詞3

親愛的游客朋友們你們好!歡迎大家來到四川青城山。我是你們這次旅行的導(dǎo)游小導(dǎo)。

青城山位于都江堰市西南，乘車前往大約需要20分鐘，我想就利用途中的時間，給諸位介紹一下青城山的概況。

青城山距離成都市區(qū)63公里，因景區(qū)青山環(huán)列，林木繁茂，終年幽靜清涼，歷來是川西著名的游覽和避暑的勝地。又因這里是中國道教的發(fā)源地之一，東漢以來歷經(jīng)二千多年，一直是道教存在和發(fā)展的重要基地，影響廣及全國，所以青城山也是著名的道教名山。說到這里，大家可能已經(jīng)聽出青城山的基本特點(diǎn)了；那就是離都市最近的、自然景色清幽和道教文化源遠(yuǎn)流長的風(fēng)景名勝地，而且還要加上六個字：保護(hù)相當(dāng)完好。因此，1982年就被國務(wù)院公布為第一批全國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。1999年青城山與都江堰景區(qū)聯(lián)名申報世界自然文化遺產(chǎn)，得到聯(lián)合國教科文組織來的專家充分肯定。當(dāng)然，“眼見為實”，一會兒大家親臨其境，就知道我所言非虛了。

青城山的得名有兩種說法：一種說法是說青城山有陰陽36峰環(huán)狀排列，峰銳崖陡，林木蔥籠，宛如一座綠色的城郭，以形得名，叫做青城山；第二種說法是說青城山原名清城山，青字有三點(diǎn)水偏旁，因古代神話說“清都、紫微，天帝所居”，這里就是神仙居住的地方，所以取名“清城山”。后來，道教創(chuàng)始人東漢的張陵張?zhí)鞄焺?chuàng)立天師道以清城山為基地，道教主張“清虛自持”“返樸歸真”的教義，與清城仙都的意思相合，山名就無變化。唐初佛教發(fā)展很快，清城山上發(fā)生了佛道間地盤之爭，官司打到皇帝那里，唐玄宗信道，親自下詔書判定“觀還道家，寺依山外”。道家勝利了?？墒窃t書把清城山的清字寫成了沒有水旁的青了。道家既借助于皇帝親判的威力收回地盤，也就將清城山改稱青城山了。

這個故事并非傳說，山上保存的唐碑詔書全文具在，足以作證。

——道教文化——

據(jù)地質(zhì)考察，青城山形成于1億8千萬年前的一次造山運(yùn)動，山體抬升時受強(qiáng)烈擠壓，巖層破碎。起伏較大，褶皺明顯，所以山形千奇百怪，絕壁深壑，斷崖裂石，處處顯示出大自然的鬼斧神工。相傳青城山區(qū)有36峰、8大洞、72小洞、共108景。一百單八是一個吉祥數(shù)字，表示景點(diǎn)很多，但人們更向往的是這里滿布山嶺的古木森林和蜿蜒山路上那無盡的清涼幽意，以及歷史悠久的道教文化和保護(hù)完好的宮觀建筑藝術(shù)。

說到道教文化，由于道教在青城山兩仟多年的存在和發(fā)展，特別是歷代高道的主持和經(jīng)營，青城山一直作為道家的祖山，俗家心目中的“神山”，而得到充分的保護(hù)?？梢哉f，今天青城山的古建筑、古遺址、歷史傳說、飲食習(xí)俗，乃至林木花草，都滲透著道教文化的精神。青城山道教發(fā)展也有幾個起落。遠(yuǎn)在東漢順帝漢安二年(公元143年)，在邛崍山系的鶴鳴山(今大邑縣境)修道的張陵，來到青城山赤城崖創(chuàng)立道教。因張陵被其弟子尊為“天師”，所創(chuàng)道教也叫“天師道”。天師道經(jīng)過張陵及其子孫歷代天師的創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展，逐漸擴(kuò)及全國，晉隋時期，天師道有北天師道和南天師道的興起和地區(qū)教派的產(chǎn)生。青城山所傳屬于南天師道的正一教派。至唐末，著名道士杜光庭來青城山，天師道傳統(tǒng)乃與上清道結(jié)合。上清道宣稱修行得道可升“上清天”，比舊天師道理想的“太清境”更高。杜光庭后來在前蜀皇帝王建手下做官，官至光祿大夫尚書戶部侍郎，封上柱國蔡國公，晚年居青城山近30年，著書立說，對道教的發(fā)展影響很大。

到南宋時，青城山道士李少微等人創(chuàng)清微派，以行雷法為能事，將內(nèi)丹術(shù)與符咒術(shù)相結(jié)合，稱“可以驅(qū)邪，可以治病，可以達(dá)帝，可以嘯命風(fēng)雷，可以斡旋造化”，元朝封他為“雷淵廣福真人”，一時信徒很多，青城山又再度興旺起來。明代，青城山道教所傳屬于全真道龍門派。全真道與原來的天師正一道不同的是，它主張修道者要出家投師，住庵當(dāng)?shù)朗?，不娶妻室，不吃葷腥，?chuàng)立了一套養(yǎng)身習(xí)靜的修練方法。道士住山，自然對宮觀的維護(hù)，山林的栽培就更為重視。明朝末年，戰(zhàn)亂不斷，青城山道士逃走，直到清康熙八年，武當(dāng)山全真道龍門派道士陳清覺來青城山主持教務(wù)，又使局面重新改觀。后來陳在四川官員的幫助下，得到康熙皇帝的欽賜御書“丹臺碧洞”，并封他為“碧洞真人”。

從此，青城山道系屬于全真道龍門派丹臺碧洞宗。新中國成立以后，青城山吸收了各地道士，原來丹臺碧洞宗的格局有所改變，但其在道教中仍是很有影響的一支。1957年，“中國道教協(xié)會”成立，青城山道士易心瑩被選為副會長兼副秘書長。其后，傅元天道長也被選為中國道協(xié)副會長，1992年當(dāng)選為會長，并兼任中國道教學(xué)院院長。所以，研究道教文化的人是不可不來青城山的。

——山門——

各位貴賓，現(xiàn)在已到青城山前，眼前那座古典輝煌的山門和后面青翠入云的山林，總是讓每一個來客感到—股濃濃的幽意，急于走進(jìn)這清幽世界的心情也油然而生。請不要著急，讓我們先看看山門旁的建福宮。

建福宮，在丈人峰下，始建于唐開元十八年(公元730年)，原名丈人洞，宋時朝廷賜名“會慶建福宮?！闭扇朔逡?qū)幏獾妹?，相傳寧封是黃帝時的制陶官員，能履蹈烈焰，隨煙上下，又能駕御風(fēng)云，寧封幫助黃帝學(xué)會“龍蹺飛行”之術(shù)，打敗了蚩尤，統(tǒng)一華夏，被黃帝封為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)五岳的“五岳丈人”。宋時又加封蜀州青城山丈人觀九天丈人、儲福定命真君。道教的十大洞天都有一位主治神仙，寧封便是青城山的主治神仙。今建福宮是清光緒十四年(公元1888年)重建，近年又進(jìn)行過大規(guī)模的維修和補(bǔ)建。

建福宮建筑面積1196平方米。前建亭樓映襯，后有丹臺翠林，門額建福宮三字是1940年林森所題，前殿叫“長生殿”，供的是晉代高道范長生。正殿是寧封和杜光庭塑像。后殿三尊塑像，中間是太上老君，被尊為道教教主，左是東華帝君，即神話中的東衛(wèi)公，為全真道的第一位祖師，右為道教全真派創(chuàng)立者王重陽。殿堂板壁上有張三豐祖師的詩。楹柱上掛的394字的“青城長聯(lián)”，寫景說典，有興趣的可以一讀。

——索道——

進(jìn)山門，我們右行去月城湖坐索道上山。這條林間山道首先進(jìn)人眼簾的是路旁并立的雨亭和翠光亭。

青城山的游山道上散布著許多的橋、亭和牌坊，與林相配，因山取勢，形成意趣不同的風(fēng)景圖畫。山亭多取枯樹為柱，以樹皮蓋頂，樹根為凳，枯枝古藤為裝飾，符合道教的清靜無為，回歸自然，與青幽的山景渾然一體。亭型也隨景而異，有隨路轉(zhuǎn)折形成的三角亭怡樂窩；有半倚山崖的方亭泠然亭；有佇立峰頂?shù)陌私峭は⑿耐ぃ贿€有山路穿過而減柱的臥云亭，有隨山勢而成弧形的凝翠橋，這些山亭都應(yīng)景造型，命名切景，又配有貼切的楹聯(lián)，更富有詩意。各位在游程中將會不斷看到。

月城湖到了。這里原有一股甘泉，名叫“丈人泉”。1985年人們在此筑壩攔水，形成湖泊。我們過湖乘索道纜車直達(dá)上清宮。從高處往下走，比步行登山省時省力，也就有更充足的時間和精力來游覽了。索道全長980米，采用安全舒適的循環(huán)式吊椅載客，游人凌空觀景，眼界開闊，別有情趣。

各位朋友，現(xiàn)在順路下山。我們今天看到的青城山比它以往的任何時候更青幽、更美麗，到此旅游的中外游客也比任何時期更多。這是因為，解放后，特別是改革開放之后，青城山的自然面貌和宮觀亭閣得到了政府的高度重視和充分保護(hù)，1999年，都江堰——青城山景區(qū)正式申報自然文化雙遺產(chǎn)，政府又投入大大量的人力、物力、財力、使青城山煥發(fā)了青春，更加靚麗。

大家就要離開青城山了，如果有的朋友想帶土特產(chǎn)回去饋贈親朋好友，我介紹四樣青城山有名的特產(chǎn)：白果燉雞、洞天乳酒、青城貢茶、洞天泡菜。謝謝大家！

青城山風(fēng)景區(qū)導(dǎo)游詞4

各位游客：

大家好!歡迎來到有“青城天下幽”之美譽(yù)的青城山旅游。我是大家此次旅游活動的導(dǎo)游，我姓李，大家可以叫我xxx。

正所謂“山不在高，有仙則名?！鼻喑巧诫m然不高，但終年云霧繚繞，宛如仙境。即使站在山腳，都能感受到那股沁人心脾的靈氣。

【建福宮】我知道現(xiàn)在大家已經(jīng)迫不及待想要進(jìn)山，但我還是建議大家先去山門旁的這座建福宮看看。

建福宮始建于唐開元年間，現(xiàn)存建筑為清光緒年間重建。建福宮建筑面積一千多平方米，筑于峭壁之下，前建亭樓映襯，后有丹臺翠林?，F(xiàn)有大殿三重，前殿叫“長生殿”，供的是晉代高道范長生。正殿是寧封和杜光庭塑像。后殿三尊塑像，中間是太上老君，左是東華帝君，為全真道祖師，右為全真派創(chuàng)立者王重陽。殿內(nèi)柱上有一394字的對聯(lián)，被贊為“青城一絕”。有興趣的可以一讀。

【山門】看過了建福宮，穿過眼前的景區(qū)大門，我們就正式進(jìn)山了。青城山山門上有我國已故上將張愛萍手書的“青城山幽子規(guī)啼”，子規(guī)也就是杜鵑鳥，傳說是蜀王杜宇變的?！岸霹N啼血猿哀鳴”里的杜鵑啼血說的就是他。

【天然圖畫】從山門西行1千米，即至巖石聳立，云霧繚繞的“天然圖畫”。眼前的建筑就是天然圖畫坊。它是一座十角重檐式的亭閣，建于清光緒年間。這里風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，游人到此仿佛置身畫中，故將其稱為“天然圖畫”。

【天師洞】我們通常所說的天師洞景區(qū)是指以古常道觀為代表的一組宮觀建筑群。天師洞始建于隋朝大業(yè)年間，現(xiàn)存殿宇建于清末。天師洞三面環(huán)山，一面臨澗，山霧繚繞，古樹參天。相傳張道陵曾在此講經(jīng)傳道。洞中有“天師”張道陵及其三十代孫“虛靖天師”像。天師殿是最上部也是常道觀的最后一殿。天師殿是天師道的祖庭，過去的江西龍虎山歷代天師就任后，都要到這里朝拜。

熟話說：“世間好話書說盡，天下名山僧占多”，青城如此美景，佛教怎會放過。唐代佛教發(fā)展很快，清城山上發(fā)生了佛道間地盤之爭，官司打到皇帝那里，皇帝信道，下詔判定“觀還道家，寺依山外”。道家勝利了。可是詔書把清城山的清字寫成了沒有水旁的青了。這個故事并非傳說，有碑為證。天師洞右下角有一小殿，名為“三皇殿”，內(nèi)有伏羲、神農(nóng)、軒轅三皇石像各一尊，而神座前就是唐開元皇帝書碑，令“觀還道家.寺依山外”。

1943年，畫家徐悲鴻曾來青城寫生。他在天師洞獨(dú)居一室，先后創(chuàng)作了屈原《九歌》中的插圖《國殤》、《山鬼》等作品，還送了青城道士《奔馬》和《天馬》圖，現(xiàn)已制成石刻陳列。

三清殿是天師洞景區(qū)最宏偉和最值得欣賞的道教宮觀建筑。大殿為重檐歇山頂樓閣式建筑，建于1923年。殿內(nèi)供奉道教至高無上的三位尊神：玉清元始天尊，上清化靈寶天尊，太清道德天尊，道德天尊即太上老君?！耙簧?，二生三，三生萬物;地法天，天法道，道法自然?！蹦巳宓钌系膶β?lián)。

“山中自有千年樹，世上難逢百歲人”。然而青城山不僅有千年樹，更有百歲人。

三清殿前有一株古銀杏樹，高約50余米，直徑2米有余。相傳乃張?zhí)鞄熓种?，距今已有一千八百多年的歷史。道家視其為“鎮(zhèn)山之寶”，連修剪枯枝都須上報相關(guān)部門。在2004年榮膺“天府十大樹王”榜首?！般y杏千年征道性，青城一洞試幽深”乃天師洞銀杏閣上的對聯(lián)。想必大家還不知道吧，青城山其實還是一個長壽之鄉(xiāng)。一百歲以上的老人就有上百位之多。

【祖師殿】大家請看南面那條山縫，從崖頂直到山腳筆直裂開的一條石縫，山縫約有18米寬，深達(dá)70多米，傳說是張?zhí)鞄煘榻捣喑巧降难Ч砉?，念咒畫符之后，朱筆一擲，筆跡裂山為槽，人們就叫它為“擲筆槽”?？斓阶鎺煹盍?。

祖師殿始建于晉，原名洞天觀，現(xiàn)存殿宇建于清同治年間，供奉真武大帝和三豐祖師，故又名真武宮。馮玉祥將軍在抗戰(zhàn)期間三次到過青城山，1945年那次就住在祖師殿。當(dāng)?shù)弥毡緹o條件投降的消息后，將軍不勝喜悅，在殿側(cè)刻碑筑亭以為紀(jì)念，此碑現(xiàn)存祖師殿內(nèi)，作為文物保護(hù)。

【朝陽洞】前面就是朝陽洞。朝陽洞位于主峰老霄頂巖腳，洞口正對東方，深廣數(shù)丈，可容百人。清人黃云鴿曾在此結(jié)茅而居，并撰聯(lián)曰：“天遙紅日近，地厭繹宮寬”。近代畫家徐悲鴻也曾在此撰聯(lián)：“空洞親迎光照耀，蒼崖時有鳳來儀”。

【老君閣】朋友們，經(jīng)過九道拐的艱難跋涉，我們終于到了青城山的主峰絕頂了。眼前的樓閣就是老君閣，老君閣于92年興建，歷時三載竣工，共六層。上圓下方，寓意天圓地方;層有八角，以示八卦;外觀呈塔形，頂接三圓寶，以昭天地人三才之意。老君閣造像，以徐悲鴻當(dāng)年在青城的遺作《紫氣東來》(老子跨青牛出關(guān)圖)為藍(lán)本塑造而成。接下來大家自由活動30分鐘，站在峰頂看看風(fēng)景，拍拍照，買買紀(jì)念品。30分鐘后在這里集合。

【上清宮】上清官是青城山現(xiàn)存38處宮觀中位置最高的一座道觀，海拔1180米。上清宮始建于晉代，現(xiàn)存廟宇為清朝同治年間所建，上有“天下第五名山”、“青城第一峰”等摩崖石刻，宮內(nèi)祀奉道教始祖李老君，有老子塑像和《道德經(jīng)》五千言木刻，還有麻姑池、鴛鴦井等傳說遺跡

【索道和月城湖】現(xiàn)在我們乘索道下山，大家可以好好的從高處看看青城山。月城湖原是丈人泉，85年人們在此筑壩攔水就形成了眼前這一汪清澈的湖水。湖的那一邊有許多商店，在賣青城山的各種特產(chǎn)。大家可以買一些帶給家人。

好了，我們本次旅游也就結(jié)束了，大家可以把旅行的快樂和相機(jī)里的美景帶回家和家人分享。祝大家身體健康，萬事如意，財源廣進(jìn)。再見。

第四篇：四川經(jīng)典導(dǎo)游詞

樂山大佛

The city of Leshan is less than one hour's ride from the Baoguosi Monastery at the foot of Mt.Emei.Leshan is the home of the Giant Buddha at the conflueence of the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers.It qualifies as the largest Buddha in a sitting posture in the world.You must board a riverboat for the best view of the Giant Buddha.The massive Buddha was carved out of a cliff face more than a thousand years ago, but now it is still well preserved in good shape, with his full and serene face.The Buddha is the largest Buddha in China,towering to 71m,with his 14.7m head,and 24m shoulders.The Buddha's ears are 6.72m long, insteps 8.5m broad, and a picnic could be conducted on the nail of his big toe, which is 1.5m long.This carving project was begun in 713.Each summer at that time the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers flowed down.As the ghree rivers met,turbu-lent waves strucd each other hard,boats capsized and boatmen vanished.There was a Buddhist monkby the name of Haitong in Lingyun Hill,who saw the situation and was determined to carve a giant Buddha out of the cliff face, hoping that the Buddha's presence would subdue the swift currents and protect the boatmen.Haitong started travelling along the Changjiang river and other areas in China to collect funds for the gigantic carving.Once an evil official attempted to obtain by force the money collected by Haitong.The monk refused him in strong terms.He said,“I'd rather gouge out my eyes than give a penny to you,”The official shouted in anger,“gouge your eye out now!”Haitong resolutely dug out one of his eyes.The monk's behavior in protecting the funding so greatly encouraged sculptors and other construction workers that the carving work went on smoothly.Unfortunately Haitong died before the completion of his life's work.However, this work continued due to the support of the local people as well as Weigao and Zhangchou Jianqing,the local top military commanders.The word took up 90 years until 803 when it was completed.Since then the Buddha has watched over the river traffic for more than a thousand years to offset the large number of serious accidents in the river.Modern Chinese question whether safer boat gravel is due to his presence or to sime later-day dredging.As you get close to the Buddha,we can find out some scattered holes im rows around the Buddha.They are remains of so Called the Giant Buddha Pavilion.It was a nine-storied building set up during the Tang Dynasty to shelter the Buddha.It was renamed as the Lingyun Pavilion with 13 stories during the Song Dynasty.Unfortunately it was destroyed by a war during the Ming Dynasty.Since then the Buddha remains outside in the open space.The Giant Buddha has lasted over a thousand years, and still survives in good shape.Why? First of all, according to the studies on the ancient construction of the Buddha,the cliff face the Buddha occupies enjoys topographical advantages.It is on the southern side of the hill,where verdant trees grow so well as to protect rocks and slope from erosion.Secondly although the Buddha seats bordering on the confluence of the three rivers, the immense statue is carved into the cliff face inside the hill,which alleviate the severe damage by wind and water erosion.Finally there is a water-drainage system,hidden from view.The system starts with 1021 fastened hairs, which conect one another at the bace of the bead.The end of the hairs inter-links the shoulders,joining the simple-patterned robe pleats carved on the body.The hairs,shoulders and pleats naturally reveal a complete system that carries away the entire surface water on the body, where the water disappears underground.It is worth making several passes at the Buddha.From the ferry pier on the island,you climba steep road and through Lingyun Temple to a vantage point for viewing the buddha.You can go to the top,opposite the head, and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the top,oppoosite the head,and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the different perspective viwepoints.A local boat passes by for a frontal view, which reveals two guardians in the cliff side, not visible from land,Wuyou Buddhist Monastery can be reached in 15 minutes by footpath from the Buddha,which is also from the Tang Dynasty with Ming and Qing renovations,Its layout is very similar to the other monasteries as we mentioned before.Walking along up Wuyou Hill,you can enjoy the quiet and beartiful scenery, The top of Wuyou Hill affords you a vision of an emerald-green tree forest, glazed golden tiles of the monastery roofs and the distant rivers.It would be a mistake to thind of Leshan as ome big Buddha, but it is wouth making a trip to Leshan,which will provide you with a pleasant picture made by the ancient Chinese sites and the beautiful nature being combined into a whole.武侯祠

China has a recorded history of some 3,600 years, beginning with the Shang Dynasty(16th——12th century BC).The first stage is the primitive society.The history was much associated with the supposed pre-Xia Dynasty(21th-16th centuy BC).The second major periob lasted from about 2,000 to 200 BC.The history dated the beginning of the slave society from the Xia Dynasty, which constituted the first Chinese state.The third stage extended all the way from 221BC, when Qin Shihuang united China, to the Opium War of 1840.Historical docments name the third period as the Feusal Imperial Rule.The feudal society in China passed through a period of disunity beginning at the Three Kingdom Period, and ending in shoet-lived Sui Dynasty(581——618), Western Jin(265——316)via Eastern Jin(317——439)and the Southern and Northern Dynasties(386——589).The following story occurred in the three Kingdom Period.At the rnd of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25——220)a gtrat peasant revolt happened.Many local officials developed into warlords to assisty the Han Emperor in suppressing the rebellion.During this period the watlotds took the opportunity to build uyp their own political and military strengty and made themselves into autonomous regional warlords.Finally the warlords carved the Han Empire into three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu.The populous episodic novel,The Romance of the Three Kingdoms traces the rise and fall of the three kingdoms and vividly depicts the turbulent social conditions at that time.The rulers of the three independent kingdoms struggled for supremacy.Cao Cao and his son established the kingdom of Wei at Loyang.He was in actual control of only the North China homeland.Two rivals soon proclaimed emperors themselves elsewhere.The kingdom of Wu with its capital in Nanjing occupied dChangjiang Valley, The kingdom of Shu was created with its capital in Chengdu.Ti was in the control of Sichuan and parts ojf the highland of south China.Wuhou Temple is much associated with the kingdom of Shu.It is the place to commemorate Zhu Geliang, Prime Minister of the kingdom.Wuhou was a top official title conferred upon Zhu Geliang after his death.It is unfortunate that no historical documents have recorded the time of its establishment.However, Du Fu, a top Tang Dynasty poet wrote a poem of kwhich two lines say as below:“Where would I find the Prime Minister's shrine?Somewhere outside Jinguan, in a dense cypress glade.”

This poem helps us infer that Zhu Geliang Temple was already in ezistence in the Tang Dynadty.During the Tang and Song Dynasties Zhu Geliang and Emperor Liu Bei had their independent temples in Chengdu, At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty the two temples merged into one.Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty the merged tempke was destroyed during war chaos.The present buildings date from the Qing Dynasty in 1672.The main entrance gate hangs a horizontal inscribed board.It says, “Han Zhaolie Temple”.Han refers to the kingdom of Shui;zhaolie was Liu Bei's posthumous title.The board indicates that the whole temple was built in honor of Liu Bei.But why do all the people call it Zhu Geliang Tempke instead of Han Zhaolie Temple? It is due to Zhu Geliang's invaluable historical contribution, and his political and military strategies to the development of the kingdom.In the view of the local peopoe his prestige far gan to call it Zhu Grliang Temple regardless of the emperor's dignity and the temple's original name.Gtadually more and more people accepted the new name of the temple through common practice.The temple compound consists of five mainbuildings: the Front Gate, the Second Gate, Kiu Bei's Hall, Zhu Geliang's Hall and Liu Bei's Tomb.The buildings are all located aling an imaginative axis line in a regular shape.Six huge stone tablets are flanked in the yard between the front and the second gates.Four of them were of the Qing Dynasty, one of the Ming and one opf the Tang.The tablets of the Qing state the storise about the reestablishment of the temple;the one of the Ming describes the development of the temple.The one of the Tang is far more famous than the other five.It was set up soon after Wu Yuanhen, a local top military commander in west Sichuan and his 27assistants worshiped Zhu Grliang in the temple in 809 during the Tang Dynasty.Pei Du,who served as a prime minister for his three Tang emperors ijn different times, composed an rssay associated with the worship.In the essay he eulogized Zhu Geliang for his great contribution to and his spare-no-efforts in unifying the whole China and the development of Sichuan, Liu Gingchuo, a well-known Tang calligrahist, copied the essay on the tablet according to the pattern of Liu's handwriting.The three well-known persons joined hands to perfect the tablet, so later in people called it “The Three Perfecdstion Tablet”.Inside the Second Gate is Liu Bei's hall.His statue stands behind the front altar, flanked by his son snd gtandson.To the right of the main shrine is a red faced image called Guan Yu;the left is General Zhang Fei, represented with a black face.Liu,Guan and Zhang are sworn brothers as prescribed in the novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.There are two galleries in the yard, which contain terracotta figures of the Qing Dynasty, 28 in all, generals on the right and minisiters on the lelt.During the Three Kingdom Period the rulers of the independent kingdoms fought each other for supremacy.This period was regarded as a romantic epoch of knightly dering-do.The site is just about holy to thousands of Three Kingdom enthusiasts.The well-loved figures in the temple are the historical source from which later novels and dramas have captured the imaginations of generations of Chinese readers and audience.Behind Liu Bei's hall is the second yard where Zhu Geliang's hall is located.Zhu Geliang's hallis obviously lower than Liu Bei's.Visitors bave to walk down several steps before they can get into the second yard.The disparity in the construction height displays the traditional Chinese hierarchical social system.Emperor is the son of Heaven.He is superior;and other people are inferior.On the top of the entrance gate of Zhu Geliang's hall hangs a horizontal wooden board,which says,“Eternal Glory All Over the World(名垂宇宙).”Many ancient couplets hang inside the hall, but the most famous one is right in the middle of the hall.It says,“能攻心則反側(cè)自消，從古知兵非好戰(zhàn)；不審勢即寬嚴(yán)皆誤，后來治蜀要深思?！?/p>

It means that try to persuade an enemy to stop his attack during a war and the war will then disappear.No soldier wants to fight since ancient times.Try not to forget to weigh the conditions and situation, ogherwise leniency and strict punishment will all fail.Those,who come to manage Sichuan,should think it over again.This couplet contains two stories.Once as Zhu Geliang was the general commander of the shu Kingdom, he was scheduled to attack the Wei Kingdom in north China.However, he was worried that the troops of the minorities might take a chance to harass the Shu Kingdom in southwest China.He came to tealize that the good relationship with the minorities was very important.So he went the southwestern area with his troops.Meng Huo(孟獲),the top leader of the minorities didn't accept Zhu Geliang's good-wish.He used his soldiers to fight against the groops from the kingdom.Zhu Geliang successfully defeated his attack and caught Meng Huo.Instead of punishing him,Zhu Geliang set him free.Then Meng Huo launched another attack and he met with the same defeat.Zhu Geliang set him a free again.On the seventh time after Meng Huo was caught,he prostrated himself before Zhu Geliang saying ghat he and his soldiers had given rp any atrelationship with the Shui Kingdoh.From then on the minority people and lf the Shui Kingdon lived in amity.The other story tells how Zhu Geliang streng-thened discipline.Once Zhu Gelian Launched another military campaign against the Wei Kingdom.In order to make the campaign successful Zhu Geliang ordered Ma Shu，his close assistant to garrison the Shu army troops in Jie Ting,a vital strategic place to fight the coming soldiers from the Wei.Ma Shu thought of himself highly and placed his troops on the top of a hill near Jie Ting.As result,the Wei army soldiers occupied the strategic place.Ma Shu and his soldiers were defeated.Zhu Geliang had to withdraw his troops back to ghe Shu Kingdom.His carefully arranged campaign thus failed.Ma Shu had a close relationship with Zhu Geliang due to his hardworking and his contribution to the development shui's army.Tears ran down Zhu Geliang's face when he ordered to execute Ma Shu for his error.The two storied displayed Zhu Geliang's flexible tactics in accordance with different occasions.More-over,Zhu Geliang used the same method to manage his government and the kingdom for the social stability and economic prosperity.The second yard,dedicated Zhu Geliang, has a bell tower on the right and a drum tower on the left of the entrance.A most unusual casting iron incense burner is in the imddle of the path, which leads to the hall.Zhu Geliang's statue,accompainied by his son on the right and his grandson on the left, stands in the middle of the hall.The statue is 2m high.Zhu Geliang is dressed in a golden overcoat with a feather fan in his hand.He looks as if he was still concerned about his kingdom and his local people.On the left side of Zhu Geliang's statue is a bronze drum, a relic dated back to the 5th century.Originally ancient minority groups in souhest China often used it as a cooket.Later it became a sort of music instrument for some special occasions.It was said that during Zhu Geliang's southwest expedition his soldiers used it as a cooker during the day and struck it at night as emergency approached.Zhu Geliang was renowned military strategist and statesman in the early three Kingdom period.A native of Shandong Province,he was living in Long Zhong,Hubei when Liu Bei went to his house three times.Liu Bei sincerely invited Zhu Geliang to join in reconquest of the Han Empire,but for the first two times it was said that Zhu Geliang was not at home.On the third time when Liu Bei met Zhu Geliang in his house,he agreed to assist Liu Bei.It was in his house that Zhu Geliangand Liu Bei had a dialogue relating to the current situation and reconquest of the Han Empire, In Liu Bei's hall hangs Zhu Geliang's ambitious “Long Zhong dialogue(隆中對）”and his “Letter To The Throne Before An Expedition”.Zhu Geliang served as Prime minister of the Shu Kingdom for twenty years.During his administration Zhu Geliang brought peace to the kingdom due to his northern and southern xepeditions.The local farming production and water conservancy has advanced.He died of his hard word conservancy has advanced.He died of his hard work at the age of 54.After his death people set up temples one after another to commemorate him in the areas where Zhu Geliang worked.He was generally regarded as an excellent example of administrators in Chinese feudal dynasties.To the west of the Zhu Geliang's hall is the site of ghe Liu Bei's tomb.It is 80m in circumference and 12m high,surrounded by a circular wall.For 1700 years the tomb has remained untouched, but what is inside is unknown.四川成都英語導(dǎo)游詞(Sichuan Chengdu English tourguide word)Ladies, gentlemen, welcome your presence Chengdu Chengdu is the Sichuan provincial capital, the China historical city, the first batch Chinese outstanding traveling city, the national health city, the country the two supports the model city.In recent years, she by the urban construction and the ecological environment aspect achievement, successively has the honor to receive the United Nations to issue the person to occupy the prize and the best model prize two items.Chengdu was melts the ancient times civilization and the modern civilization to a body super city.She is rarely found in the world the treasure panda's hometown, also is the land of abundance center and the window.She by history glorious, cultural inside story sincere, the scenery gorgeous varied and the scenic spot historical site multitudinous and is world famous.The brocade city Rongcheng is Chengdu's alias;The cotton rose, the gingko are Chengdu's city flower and the city tree.Chengdu is located north western Sichuan in the plateau mountainous region and Sichuan between the knoll, west the topography is higher, middle and southeast area is the broad Chengdu plain, about average elevation 500 meters.Within the boundaries concurrently has the mountain scenery, the plain and the knoll America of, also climate temperate, rain water abundant, annual mean temperature 16 ℃ about, the precipitation approximately 1,000 millimeters, usually have the winter not severely cold, the summer does not have the intense summer heat the reputation, performs the land fertilely, water conservation advanced, the product is extremely bountiful, is always called the flood and drought from the person, does not know the hunger sincerely day government office pearl.Chengdu's whole city total area 123,900 square kilometers, the total population surpasses 10 million people, the area of jurisdiction dividees into 7 areas 4 cities(county level city), 8 counties.Namely Chinchiang area, goral area, Cheng Huaqu, Jin Niuqu, Wu Houqu, Qingbai Jiang area, Longquan post area;The Dujiang weirs city, Peng Zhoushi, honors the state city, the city;Wenjiang County, Xindu County, Shuangliu County, Dayi County, Xinjin County, Pi county, Jin Tangxian, Pujiang County.In addition, but also is equipped with the national level Sichuan Chengdu economic development zone and the Chengdu high-tech development zone.We generally said the Chengdu urban district refers to the town center spot five areas, is called for five cities.Other general designations city suburban counties.Chengdu on has as early as become the Suchuan race ancients activity in 10,000 years ago the center and the stage.The archaeological finds piles which in the urban district and Guanghan Tristar indicated, at least before 4000, the ancient Suchuan ancients use both hands which oneself industriously works, created in here had the bright region characteristic the ancient Suchuan civilization.About 2500 ago, the ancient Suchuan country enlightened dynasty the country all from the fence township(now Peng Zhoushi, Xindu County)moves reaching this point place, takes week too Wang Qianqi a year to become Yi, three year Chengdu this literary reference, chooses a name Chengdu.By now Chengdu already became the city which began to take shape.316 B.C., Qin Guoba the Sichuan brings into line with the domain, Chengdu is the Suchuan county capital.From now on after, Chengdu always is Sichuan area politics, the economy, the cultural center, all previous dynasties all for the county, the state, saves level of administrative areas to govern the institute and the military strategic place.During, Chengdu once around had 7 to establish a separatist regime the political power capital city to be located in this, they were, Western Han Dynasty last years Gongsun stated accomplishes the political power, A.D.when two centuries three countries west the dynasty, three centuries the Chenghan kingdom the political power, after around nine centuries and Suchuan the political power, the Northern Song Dynasty time peasant uprising Suchuan the political power and bright end Zhang Xianzhong established is big the political power.Chengdu has glorious and the bright industry and commerce development history, specially silk-weaving industry developed, famous crown China, sells in distant markets overseas.The Western Han Dynasty time, Chengdu because of economic boom into China five all one, the brocade already became the Han Dynasty at that time the important state treasury source of income.Chengdu was weaves the center, the royal government has established the brocade official city in this, the faction had the brocade official to carry on the management.This also is Chengdu is called the brocade city, circles the city but government office Nan River is called Chinchiang reason.the time, Zhuge Liang implements in Sichuan rests and builds up strength, supports the agricultural business the economic policy, Chengdu took the capital obtained a bigger development, left thought from the Jin generation Suchuan All Bestowed on the narration obviously at that time grand occasion.He said the shopping district meeting, deep pools of the ten thousand business, arrange in order the subterranean hundred miles, Luo four 11,000, drops bribes piles as high as a mountain, filament Li star numerous......The good general merchandise converges, crowd assembling's market transaction chart!The Tang Dynasty, Chengdu has raises as soon as benefits two the reputation, said she lively is only inferior to Chiangnan's Yangchow.To the Northern Song Dynasty time, Chengdu has become only Yu Bianjing metropolis.By now Chengdu, because is in the relative stability in the late Tang five generation of disputes in the situation, the worker and peasant trade all has the development, discussed the city trade to break through the traditional downtown streets pattern, has developed the special transaction market, not only had the city 內(nèi)東 south northwest comprehensive market, also had has monopolized the product the market, like the village market, the salty city, the mule city and so on, the downtown area also had the night market.Hereafter Chengdu has been through repeatedly Yuan, is bright, clear Zhu Chao and the Republic of China time, during although has the many times prosperity and decline rise and fall, but she takes the Sichuan economic center the status and.Chengdu also is in the history township of the famous craft is world-famous, includes the Chinese four given names to embroider, row of the four given names brocades;Chengdu's lacquerware manufactures, the craft finely is unique, is handed down for generations for all previous dynasties 名品, in the modern Chinese grave unearthed cultural relic many Chengdu lacquerware may testify;The Tang Dynasty Chengdu produces the thunder qin, laden with honors the nation, is regarded by the vocal music with the treasure;Chengdu's printing industry in Song Dynasty is national one of three big printing industry bases, has Song Shishu engraves the armor world the praise, the London museum hides in the Dunhuang copy clerk to have five generation of times Chengdu the wood engraving the calendar almanac, for world earliest wood engraving calendar almanac printed book;Chengdu's papermaking industry very is also famous, the Tang Dynasty Chengdu makes the profit state hempen paper is the official stipulation imperial edict, the book command uses the paper;Female poet Artemisia stelleriana Tao manufactures the letter paper to regard as by the writer poem guest the high-grade goods.Chengdu's golden silver thread product,the straw braid, also all has several hundred over a thousand years history.Chengdu is one of bright cultural birthplaces, also is the Sichuan culture and education key city, has the magnificent civilization.As early as in the B.C.E.more than 140 years, Suchuan county Wen Weng encouraged education in Chengdu, to set up the Chinese first regular government operated school, has developed the huge promoter action for Sichuan's culture.The Chinese bestows on four everybody, Chengdu will have Sima like, raises male two, a Jin generation of historian Country Will author Chang Qu, Tang Dynasty female poet Xue Tao, musician Duan Anjie, five pronoun people Ouyang bright, drawing master Huang Quan, the Song Dynasty scholar Great historic writings of politicization vice-Chief Editor Fan Zuyu, the Wei old man, medical scientist Tang Shenwei, the Ming Dynasty writer Yang Changan, the Qing Dynasty famous the Confucian the mountain clock has been auspicious, in addition modern literature great master Ba Jin, Ai Wu, people and so on Sha Ting all will be the Chengdu public figures.Certainly, accomplishes the Chengdu history of civilization also to have in the history the multitudinous external famous feudal official, scholar's tremendous contribution, Chengdu is in the history place of the cultural celebrities collection.Big poet Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can, Gao Shi, Wei Zhuang, Lu You, people's and so on big literary giant Su Shi all once made one's home in here, has left behind the large quantities of cultural heritage for the posterity, caused Chengdu the developed culture to enjoy a good reputation domestic and foreign.Concerns Chengdu the history and the development talk of history, we speak of here.Let me again for everybody says today Chengdu the present situation.Chinese culture Obtains the Chinese outstanding traveling city title as the first batch Chengdu, the traveling resources advantageous, what is most prominent is the culture, the panda hometown, the day government office scenery three big characteristics.Under, please let me separately summarize: Chengdu is the cultural place of origin.the culture is the Chinese culture important constituent.The Dujiang weirs awn city, the Wenjiang County fish 鳧 city, the Pi county three batardeaux, the new Tianjin fine horses old city and the neighbor Guanghan Tristar pile and so on the ruins explained that, the culture has the glorious history.Chengdu took several generation of ancient Suchuan dynasty the capital city and the Sichuan area capital, has bred the all previous dynasties how many distinguished persons, has many historical vestiges and the cultural treasure, only has 118 by all levels of governments public proclamation announcement protection key cultural relic unit whole city, nation key cultural relic preservation organ 9.More than 2,300 years ago construct Dujiang weirs large-scale hydraulic engineering, idea ingenious, computation precise, method wise, project grand, consummation of the function, science of the management, benefit long term, let the Chinese and foreign tourists which reaches this point for it fall all, she causes the Chengdu plain becomes the flood and drought from the person, the vast fertile area the day government office, has brought to Sichuan wealthy and is prosperous, by the reputation will be the alone wonderful eternity day government office Milky Way and treasure of the town Sichuan, will be the human civilization immortal masterpiece.is located in a Chengdu Nanjiao's dense green jade cypress, A.D.five centuries, are commemorates when three countries Prime Minister Zhuge Liang construct.This is the nation is biggest, preserves most complete , is in the Chinese multitudinous three countries vestige is only listed as the national key cultural relic unit.Collection extremely rich Chengdu , with peripheral other states, the city, the county rich culture landscape constitution three countries vestiges seeks the trace the gold welcome.The Du Fu thatched house is located the Chengdu western suburbs colored brook bank, the memento classical botanical garden which when Tang Dynasty big poet Du Fu is dwells away from home Chengdu in the former dwelling completes.Is the nation key cultural relic preservation organ.Du Fu's poetry, has the profound influence to the Chinese literature development, by the posterity reputation is the poetry of historical significance, he is revered is the poem saint.Thatched house extant each kind of Du poem edition, many kinds of writing translated edition, Du poem calligraphy work and other pertinent data 3,000 volume, cultural relic 2,000.The Du Fu thatched house not only studied Du Fu, the Du poem for the people has provided the precious material, moreover also was the Chinese and foreign public figure looks at reverently the Du Fu deceased remains the paradise.Chengdu's religious cultural relic very is also rich.Whole city existing Buddhist temple, Daoist temple, church nearly hundred.Dayi County's crane calls the mountain is the Chinese Taoism birthplace, and by blue city world the landscape is the national level scenery scenic spot area.In the urban district goral palace broad in scale, is the nation key cultural relic preservation organ.Hands down is old Mr.(namely father)sits the instruction magic arts place.The Chengdu Buddhist temple is multitudinous, most has the great reputation to have unusual brightness temple, the Confucian classics carved on stone temple, the greatly kind temple, the temple, the Manjusri courtyard and so on.Unusual brightness temple hands down constructs at the Eastern Han Dynasty, by reputation for Yangtze valley one of four big jungles.Other cultural relic historical sites, such as will look Cong Ci, the Wangchiang building, Ming Xi Wangling, forever the mausoleum, the Eastern Han Dynasty grave, the Goddess of Mercy temple mural, the Xinhai fall guarantee Lu Sishi the monument and so on, no longer 11 rows stated.Today Chengdu Today Chengdu, may say is both ancient and young, also is peaceful also prospers, west national implementation under big development strategic decision excellent situation, is raising the sail, is making great strides forward to the modernized metropolis goal.After new China had been established, ancient Chengdu has glowed the youth.The industry and agriculture production all has the development which progresses by leaps and bounds.Specially the 60's earlier periods, the country vigorously carries on three the construction, causes Chengdu basically forms take the machinery, the electron, the metallurgy, the chemical industry and as the main body industrial system, becomes west Sichuan and China the emerging industrial base.Since 1978, Chengdu entered the reform and open policy and the modernization new historical period, relies on its abundant economic basis and is situated at the mid-west union place geographical superiority, in during the short more than 20 years, has further developed into southwest China the local important science and technology, business trade, the financial center and the transportation, the communications center, one of China's super cities.Today Chengdu, does entire vertically and horizontally, the downtown width, the tall building stands in great numbers , the city's appearance is beautiful, the commercial service industry mesh point proliferates the whole city, the city synthesis service function strengthens day by day;Circles the city but government office Nan River, the process whole city people's five years struggle, comprehensively renovates announces a victory, present government office Nan River water qualitative change clear, both banks flowers and trees, the lawn, the sculpture, the pavilion pavilion and the packed side by side in rows modernized common people residence tall building serves as contrast to struggle the splendor, just like on the city neck is the jadeite necklace, it not only had the flood prevention, the environmental protection and the transportation function, but also became the leisure which the resident and the tourist most liked to go sightseeing the destination.Chengdu southwest took the local transportation communications center, the railroad has Cheng Yu, Paochi to Chengtu, Cheng Kun and achieves the railroad to connect to this;The road except Cheng Yu, Cheng Mian, Cheng Le, Cheng Ya, becomes fills outside the highway, but also some 3 federal highways passed, form take the Sichuan Shaanxi, Sichuan and Tibet, Sichuan Gan Hecheng changed, Cheng A and so on above 23 provincial levels the road as the backbone emission road network, Chengdu are one of national road most crowded cities;Chengdu is southwest the local biggest air harbor.The Shuangliu international airport is national one of four big spatial ports, has already cleared the international and domestic airlines more than 170 strip.Chengdu also is southwest one of local posts and telecommunications communication switching centers, and successively has established the correspondence relation with 160 countries and the area.The convenient transportation, the developed communication, Chengdu and each place closely connects in together, the frame got up Chengdu to the world each place bridge.Panda hometown Chengdu is panda's hometown.The Chengdu suburb has country forest park 4, panda ecology nature protection area 3.The world only saves 1,000 pandas, about 80% distribute in Chengdu and its are close to the area.The world biggest panda breeding research base also constructs in Chengdu.The Chengdu zoo is in the world the panda most cities zoo.You not only may understand the panda newest scientific research achievement as well as with the panda related background and the culture to the Chengdu traveling.You also may go to the Chengdu saddle sub-river, the Dayi Heishui River, Dujiang weirs city Hongkou, as well as the Baoxing bee barrel stronghold, panda habitat and the ecology nature protection area and so on protectorate, understands the nature scenery, tracks down panda's trail.Day government office scenery The day government office scenery is the attraction massive Chinese and foreign tourist comes Chengdu to go sightseeing a tour big characteristic resources.The day government office paradise, Chengdu , the unique place landform, accomplished Chengdu to be colorful, uniquely had the foreword the day government office scenery: Countryside, knoll, rivers and creeks, lake, canyon, high peak each charm, moreover the natural landscape, the humanities landscape and the rich folk custom character and style merges into one organic whole, the Xiu color beautiful scene, collects Cheng Daguan.Through the ages, did not know has how many writer literatis to praise Chengdu, really is nine days opens a Chengdu, ten thousand households thousand enter the painting, south the sword the scenery completely clear sunshine, nearby oar Chinchiang the world is thin, the lively abundant Li world does not have.Except a moment ago already has said outside the Dujiang weirs-Qingcheng scenic area, but also has take the virgin forest, flies the waterfall , the mountain day scenery and the snowy mountain pasture as west characteristic Dayi the range snowy mountain;Wonderful danger , ecology primitive Peng state nine Yi scenic area;Congeals , beautifully from natural honors the state Kowloon ditch;The Hushan is clear blue, winding lonesome and quiet Pujiang is exposed to the sun the lake;The Danxia Mountain scenery, immortal original Mt.Tiantai, as well as Jin Tang Tochiang River scenery, Long Chi wooded mountain marvelous sight and so on, all is which the hobby enjoys the beauties of nature goes sightseeing the tour, enjoys place of the natural ideal.The Chengdu plain countryside rural scenery bountiful is beautiful, the folk custom common social practice, remains richly, leaves the real appeal, is in the day government office scenery an amazing big beautiful scenery.Dayi County's Liu village original, Pi county's friendly affection township, Longquan's studio village, is the development the peasant family is happy the good destination which and the rural scenery swims.Dear friends, no matter you like any, you all may find satisfaction in Chengdu the destination.Wants to observe colored, here has the Longquan post the first day of the third lunar month, the Peng Zhou peony festival, the Hsintu;Wants to swim the lake, here has the scenery beautiful Chaoyang lake, the Longquan lake, Gui Hu and Bai Tahu;Wants the mountaineering, here has the high peak strange stone Longmen Mountain, precipitous male wonderful Mt.Tiantai, the fruit and flowers flutter fragrant dragon Quanshan;Must visit a park, here has the concentration world main landscape the world paradise, the Wangchiang park and the people's park;Wants to feel the common people residence culture flavor which Chengdu circulates, you may enter a strip the main street and small alley which connects by the innumerable central courtyards;Wants to understand the village small town plain, the tranquil natural scenery, you may arrive the Shuangliu yellow Longxi Guzhen, there ancient street， the ancient temple, the ancient amphibious wharf, the ancient battlefield, the ancient construction, the classical Chinese literature merge into one organic whole, or township of the Chinese procession of lanterns or torches;Wants to observe the play, you may march into the theater to appreciate the Sichuan play, to listen to that tactful and pleasing to hear high-pitched tunes, looked that unpredictable turns hostile, spits the fire and so on the Sichuan opera unique skill performance;Wants to judge tea, you may to a each style teahouse, the teahouse.The Sichuan teahouse special atmosphere, the covered teacup tea set and excellent mixes the tea technique, can enable you to feel the thick Chengdu tea culture the breath;Wants to eat the Sichuan cuisine, Chengdu is the orthodox school Sichuan cuisine birthplace, the Sichuan-style restaurant proliferates the whole city, the famous teacher gathers together, savors the orthodox school;Wants to eat the snack, the Chengdu snack renowned at home and abroad, the variety is many.The color fresh taste is good, excellent in quality and reasonable in price, the Dan Dan noodles, the clock boiled dumplings, the dragon won ton, Lai Tangyuan, the Han steamed stuffed bun, the husbands and wives lung piece and so on all is Chengdu the snack tradition, but the recent years rose the hot pot to catch up, were fashionable for a time.In brief a speech, eats in Chengdu, plays in Chengdu, swims in Chengdu has become the traveling amateur's mutual recognition.The friends, in the last few years, the Chengdu tourism obtained the considerable development.Specially what is worth mentioning west the big development, causes the Chengdu tourism the prospects for development to be broader.Chengdu by the richer traveling product, the better traveling environment, the higher quality traveling service, will greet the motherland and the world each place friends arrival, we believed everybody travel of the Chengdu certainly will be able to obtain complete and the happy feeling.Thanks everybody 都江堰英文導(dǎo)游辭

The Dujiangyan Dam, 45km rorth of Chengdu, is an ancient technological wonder of the country.More than 2000 yers ago, Li Bing(250-200BC), as a local governor of the Shu State, designed this water control and irrigation dam and organized thousands of local people to complete the project to check the Mingjiang River.For many years the river,flooded the Chengdu agricultural area and local farmers suffered a lot from the water disaster.Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically diverts the Mingjiang River and channels it into irrigation canals.For many years the dam has continued to make the most of the water conservancy works.Expansion has been undertaken since 1949 and at present the system does a good job of irrigating farming land across 33counties of the western part of Sichuan Province.Local people feel proud of the system becaude it has supported a large amount of people in their daily life.What makes this system so good?

The system is a large hydraulic water project which consists of three main parta: the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Fence, and the Bottle-Neck Channel.The Fish mouth functions to divide the flow of water into an inner river and an outer river.Long ago, when Li Bing worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous flood.Based on natural geographic conditions, he organized the people to build a man-made dam.The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth.It is the dam that channels water into an outer canal and an inner canal.The outer water canal functions as the main stream and holds sixty percent of water in the river.The extra water goes through the inner canal for irrigation in Chengdu areas.The Flying Sand Fence joins the inner and outer canals.The fence functions to controll the flow of water and discharge excess into the inner canal from the main stream.During the dry season the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rujshes forward along the outer canal.As it approaches the fence, the fence,the river begins to turn round fast and soon many whirlpools are formed.The volatile whirlpools sweep away sand and pebbles and, throw them into the outer canal.For many years huge bamboo baskets were used as the fence.They were filled with stones and pebbles.However,at present, reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.So now, let's discuss the Bottle-Neck Channel.A trunk canal was cut through the mountain into two parts which link up the inner canal for irrigation.The small part is later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill.Chengdu looks like a large bottle and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes shape of the bottleneck.The trunk canal technically has two functions: First, it leads the water to irrigate the farming land in western Sichujan;Secondly, the trunk casnal works together with the Flying Sand Weir to keep the flow below a certain point in the inner canal during flood season.Some stone tablets, which stand on the isolated hill, are engraved in Buddhist Sanskrit.The local people hope that the Buddhist tablets can exert the Buddhist superpower to harness flood disaster.For over two thousand years, in fact, the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Weir, and the Bottle-neck Channel automatically work together to control foods and sweep away sand and stones in the main str.The local people benefit a lot from this project.Not far from the Dujiang Dam, a Daoist temple complex was wrwcted was erected to commemorate the benevolent rule of Li Bing and his son who succeeded him.Li Bing and his son were granted the posthumous title of Wang.The folk story says that July 24of the Chinese Lunar Calendar is Li Bing' birthday.On the day many local people visit the temple where they prostrate themselges before the image of Li Bing and his son and burn incense to honor them.The larger-than-life painted statues of father and son overlook the rushing river below.Nearby a stone tablet os engraved with a famous six-character quotation from Li Bing,“when the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel.When the riverbeb is wide and shallow, dig it deeper.” The temple which is built near the mountaintop, is a popularstopping place for sightseers.There one can enjoy a unique view of the most modern parts of the water conservation project.People appreciate the ancient wonder, which still works to benefit people today.杜甫草堂英文導(dǎo)游辭

Du Fu(712~770)Thatched Cottage used to be the former hone of Du Fu, one of the greatest poets in the Tang Dynasty.Located in the western suburbs of Chengdu, the spot is marked by a stream, ancient style architecture, pavilion pagodas and age-old trees.The cottage consists of six important parts, They are the Front Gate, the Lobby, the Hall of poem History, the Water Pavilion, the Gongbu Shrine and the Thatched Cottage.At the time of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's poetry first came to be recognized.Readers of many different periods have considered Du Fu to be the greatest poet of the Chinese tradition.Such general agreement can partially be explained by the immense variety of his work, which holds up quite well to different tastes and historical changes in fashion.Like Shakespeare in English tradition, Du Fu's poetry came to be so deeply bound up with the constitution of literary value that generation after generation of poets and critics rediscovered themselves and their interests in some aspect of the poet'

Chinese critics from the Song Dynasty referred to Du Fu as the“poet-historian”.Both before and after the An Lushan Revolt, Du Fu witnessed a typical political and social situation;the common people still lived in poverty while the emperor and his top officials enjoyed a foolishly luxurious life.He composed many poems such as “Song of the War Chariots”, “Three Officials”，and “Three Departures”。His poems expressed his dissatisfaction with the government and his great pity for the common people.Du Fu used his poems to comment on current events and historical images.Du Fu became the historian by creating his responses to particular situations.Du Fu was talented.When he was young, he wanted to get a good job in the government.Unfortunately Du Fu was refused several times.He was in his fifties when he began to serve as a minor official in Changan(Xi'an).Gongbu was his official title and probably he was in charge of the lical industry.Du Fu was not a skilled survivor in government politics.He was dismissed in the form of a transfer to the post of personnel administrator in Huazhou and so left Changan.Du Fu soon gave up this minor post in disgust and set off with his family to Qinzhou in the Northwest.After a short stay he moved on again and in 759 he arrived in Chengdu.He set up a modest cottage with some money he borrowed from his friend who served as a local governor.In the cottage he had a simple and peaceful life for three years, writing about 240porms.Mostly inspired by the cottage, the stream nearby and the scenery in Chengdu.These poems give the impression that he was happier in Chengdu than any other time in his life.The poems of this period sound relaxed and happy.Here are some of them.In Chengdu the flutes and the strings

You hear them so loud even in the daytime

The melody fades in the river wind

And half in the towering clouds above us

Oh it should never be played here

It belongs to the emperor's hraven

We thank you for what is not ours

But the emperor will be hearing it also

Two yellow orioles sing in the tenser green willow

A line of herons crosses the blue sky

When you open the west-facing window

The snow is framed in the summit of the mountain

And the ships that will sail east for Dong Wu

They lie at anchor in the sun-filled doorway

A good rain knows its season

It brings thins to life right in spring

It enters the night, unseen with the breeze

It moistens things gently and without sound

Du Fu left Chrngdu after 762 and wandered in the southern provinces and eventually died of illness in 770.After his death, the people if Chrngdu built a shrine on the site of his garden to honor him.Since then, it brcame the custom to visit on the seventh day of the lunar month(around the middle of February).An ancient couplet still hangs on the top of the front door.It reads:“錦江春風(fēng)公占卻，草堂人日我歸來?！盜t was written by a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, whose name was He Shaoji.The couplet means that Du Fu owned the Jingjiang river and the spring breeze;on the seventh day of the first lunar month did I come to visit his cottage.The original cottage no longer exists and the buildings within the cottage compound.South west of the city, have been repaired and added to thirteen times since the eighth century.The Gongbu Shrine is at the center of the six important sites in the cottage compound??It is a small hall in the eastern section of the grounds, dedicated to the memory of Du Fu.It contains a statue of du fu flanked by ghose of two other poets;Huang Tingjian(1045-1105)on the right and Lu You(1125-1210)on the left.Thesee two poets were both from the Song Dynasty and occupied an important place in the traditional Chinese literature history.Huang Ting jian, from Xiu Shui in which affected his official posts.Later when his opposition party was in power, he was dismissed from his major official post and banished to Yizhou.Huang was one of the followers of Su Shi.He sincerely studied Du Fu's poetry and intentionally car during theearly song Dynasty.Lu You, from Shaoxing in Zhejiang held a succession of mionor of ficial posts but was unable to affect any of the political reforms he advocated.Im 1172, he began to serve in the army on the Sichuan-Shaanxi border.It is known that sometime later he was dismissed from a post im jiangxi for distributing government grain to relieve famine.Lu You was a prolific poet and more than nine thousand poems have survived.Both Huang ting jian and Lu You are noted for their ardent patriotism.Here are some of their poems :

Looking all round, a fine sight of hills and waters I found:

Leaning on the Tower railing, I could enjoy what was sweet:

The fragrance of water chestnuts and lotus stretching far

The soft breeze and bright moon which were both

Free and made tower cool;

(Huang tingjian, Tr, Guo Zhuzhang)

Erect hedge and implant fence to shield and sustain these new bamboo，They are meticulously cultivated and their dark green color is reflected in ripples.The blowing of the cool breeze tells the early coming of autumn，And I am not aware of the blazing sun in the sky at such high noon.I hear the rustling sound when the sheath is shedding from the sprouts.And see the dense fluttering shadows of these newly grown young bamboos.Once I retire from my position, here will be the place to which I often come，And carry with me along a pillow and a mat that are made of bamboo.(Lu You, Tr.Cui Wenkai)

In the traditional Chinese literature history, there were thousands of poets, Why were these two poets selected to accompany Du Fu ?there are three reasons:Firstly, they made greart achievements in studying Du Fu's poetry.Secondly, they used to live in Sichuan, and enjoyed their stay, thirdly, Du FU's statue might have been lonely in the gongbu Shrine without any accompaniment.so when people placed the statues together, they ghought that the three poets might have time to talk about their poetry.the Shrine of the Three Sages is named from the above-mentioned story.Inside the shrine are two valuable stone tablets from the Qing Dynasty, on which the whole picture of the thatched Cottage has been engraved.the tablets showus the design and development of the cottage dated bace to the Qing Dynasty.Also an other two stone tablets are in the shrine, which tell the story about the refurbishment of the cottage and the reason why Huang tingjian and Lu You's statues stay with Du Fu's.On left side of the Gongbu Shrine is a huge tablet placed in a straw-roofed pavilion.Prince Guo of the Qing Dynasty wrote the calligraphy on the tablet when he visited the cottage.A screen wall at the entrance to the Flowery Path is decorated with the characters Caotang(Thatched Cottage)at old blue and white ceramic fragment.At present, du Fu's cottage is a museum.It has a rich collection of over 30000bound volumes, and 2000cultural relics, the bound volumes include thea ncient cut blocks photo-offset, hand-written, and modern stereotyped copies, the translation editions are in 15 languages.As you walk around the cottage, you will experience the traditional Chinese culture and literature characterized by Du Fu's poems.峨眉山英文導(dǎo)游辭

Mt.Emei is one of the “four famous mountains”in China.It lies about 168km from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.Before the tour of the holy mountain, it is important to obtain some inforation about the spread of Buddhism in China, Buddhism in Mt.Emei and its hiking routes.The Spread of the Buddhism

Buddhism was founded in India around the 16th century BC.It is said that the founder was Sakyamuni.Sskyua was the name of the clan to which his family belonged.Sakyamuni was a prince and was brought up in luxury.In his 20s, he became discontented with the world.Every day he had to face with sights of sickness, death and old age since the body was inescapably involved with disease, decrepitude and death.Around the age of 30 he made his break from the material world and plunged off in search of enlightenment.Sakyamuni began by studying Hindu philosophy and Yoga.Then he joined a band of ascetics and tried to break the power of his body by inflicting severe austerities on himself.However, no matter how he held his breath until his head burst and starved his body until his ribs jutted out, he failed to enlighten himself.Finally Sakyamuni followed the principle of the middle way in which he would live between the extremities of asceticism on one hand and indulgence on the other.As the story goes, he devoted the final phase of his search for enlightenment to meditation and mystic concentration.One evening he sat beneath a fig tree, slipped into a deep meditation and achieved enlightenment from his mystic concentration.Sakyamuni founded an order of monks and for the next 45 years or so peached his ideas around 480 BC.Sakyamuni teaches that all life is suffering.Everyone is subjected to the trauma of birth, to sickness, decrepitude and death.Real happiness can't be achieved until suffering is overcome.The cause of unhappiness is 'desires',specifically the desire of the body and the desire personal fulfillment.In order to overcome the desirs and achieve happiness, it requires the following eight-fold path.1.Right knowledge

Buddhist followers should believe that all life is suffering.It is caused by the desire for personal gratification.2.Right Aspiration

Buddhist followers should becomw passionately involved with the knowledge of what life's problems basically are.3.Right Speech

Buddhist followers shousd avoid lies, idle talk, abuse,alander and deceit.4.Right Behavior

Buddhist followers should show kindness and avoid self-seeking and personal fulfillment in all actions.5.Right Livelihood

Buddha considers spiritual progress impossible if one has occupied himself/herself with slave-dea-ling or prostitution.6.Right Effort

The effort os the will to develip virtues and curb paddion.7.Right Mindfulness

Buddhist followers should practise self-exami-nation and cultivate themselves to overcome the state of semi-alertness and become aware of what os happwning to them.8.Right Absorption

The absorption involves the techniques of Hinduism's raja yoga and leads to the same goal.By following the eight fokd pah, Buddhist followers aims to attain Nirvana, a condition beyond the limits of the mind, feelings, thoughts, the will and ecstasy.Buddhism accepts the concept of reincarnation, the circle of rebirth;it accepts the law of cause and effort.Buddhism has many sects, of which the Mahayana and the hinayana are two major schools.The Mahayana holds that the fate of the individual is linked to the fate of all others.The Buddha won't float off into his own Nirvana leaving other peope behind.He not ony shows the people the way up into their Nirvana, but also continues to exude spiritual help to those seeking Nirvana.The Hinayana holds that the path to Nirvana is an individual purauit.People who seek Nirvana must tread the path to Nirvana on their own.Mahayana Buddhism is generally believed to have been ntroduced into regions inhabited by the Han people around the first century A.D.In the Wei and Jin Dynasties(220-420)it spread to a fairly large part of the country.During the Southern anB Northern Dynasties(420-589)the ruling cladd furthered the dissemination of Buddhism.More temples and monasteries were built;Buddhist scriptures were translated.The influence of Buddhism was felt everywhere across the conutry.By the Sui and Tang Dynasties(581-907)Buddhism had reached its apex of popularity and splendor.Buddhism gradually took root in the Chinese soiety, having adapted considerably to Chinese ways of thinking and practice.As the most influential religion in China, Buddhism has an impact on Chinese philosophy, morality, literature, art and many other foelds.Buddhism in Mt.Emei

It is almost two thousand years since Buddhism was introduced from India.Its monasteries covers everywhere in China except a few Daoist mountains like Mt.Qingcheng.It is commonly said that Buddhist monks have occupied much mote well-known mountains for their Buddhist ptrpose than Daoist priests.However, most of Buddhist followers bwliwvw that only the fotr famous mountains in China are the Buddhist holy places.They are Mt.Wmei in Sichuan, Mt.Putuo in Zhejiang, Mt.Wuta in Shaanxi and Jiuhua in Anhui.Each mountain is dedicated to different Bodhisattvas.In Chinese Bodhisattva usually is referred as pusa, a potential Buddha, who has achieved perfect enlightenment and decided to bring salvation to all suffering creatures before entering into Nirvana.Therefore, each Bodhisattva has his own ritual place to salvage suffering creatures.Wenshu performs the Buddhist rites in Mt Wuta, and Guanyin in Mt.Putuo.Dizang is said to have gained enlightenment in Mt Jiuhua.Puxian is regarded as one of the four well-known Bodhisattvas of China's Buddhism.Legend has it that Mt.Emei in Sichuan is the place where he performs the Buddhist rites.Puxian and Wenshu appear in a pair in suppirt of Sakymuni.They usually stand side by side with Sakymuni.The middle.Puxian is the right attendant.He rides a white elephant, and Wenshu a lion as we often see in monasteries.Wenshu is a symbol of Wisdom while Puxian Benevolence.Buddhism encourages its followers to study hard at the Buddhist theory, and then use what they have learnt to do charitable works for the purpose of salvaging the suffering creatures.More likely Wisdom and Benevolence display the Buddhist proceess step by step.One of the Buddhist doctrines says that after Puxian achieved perfect enlightenment, he vowed to retrn back to the world and not to accept his own salvation until all sentient beings, humans and animals had been saved.Puxian went out on his elephant to realize his ambition.his six-tusk elephant enjoys a high statue in the Buddhist world known as the Elephant King.Wannian Monastery is dedicated to the gilded statue of Puxian who sits on the white elephant.This statue, 8.5m high, is cast in copper and bronze, weighing estimatedly 62,000kg in a brick hall.One doctrine says:“Puxian has many images.He puts himself into different forms based on the Buddhist predestined relationship.The ordinary human beings can only see him in a human bodily form, who sometimes stands by Sakyamuni,or simetimes rides on his white elephant.” According to the explanation of the Buddhist texts, it is almost impossible for the ordinary human beings to see Puuxian's Fa and Bao images unless they hike up to the Golden summit of the mountain, where the pious Buddhists may see Puxian's Bao image in Buddhist Aureole-rainbow rings.In ancient times the Buddhist Aureole was called the illuminant image,which indicates that the Puxian reveals himself in his BUddhist Aureole only before the people who have the Buddhist predestined relationship.It is the iluminant image in the Golden Summit that has made the mountain nationally famous.At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Buddhism came imto China.It is commonly said that Buddhism began to develop in Sichuan during the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It is very hard to find out when the first monastery was built,and who was the first Buddhist monk to perform his rites in the mountain.The local historical records have no written information about Buddhism in the mountain,which occurred before the Jin Dynasty.As early as in 400 a monk by the name of Huichi arrived at Mt.Emei.At that time only a few ascetic practitioners lived in the animal-haunted mountain.Staying with them,Huichi started to build a temple with a statue of Puxian set up inside.The current Wan Nian Monastery grew out of the earliest temple.Huichi was considered the founder of Buddhism in the mountain.During the Western Jin Dynasty(265-317)a Daoist priest by the name of Qianming estab lished a Daoist temple called Qian Ming Temple in the mountain.It was the biggest Daoist temple in the mountain where a hundred Daoists priests performed Daoism.At the beginning of the southern and Nouthern Dynasties(420-550), the priests decided to choose their head to be in charge of the temple.However, they had an endless dispute because of the difference of opinions.A Bddhist monk by the name of Mingguo went to the temple and taught the priests Buddhism.Finally all the priests were converted to Buddhism, and the Daoist temple became a Buddhist monastery by the name of Zhong Feng Moonastery,During the Southern and Nouthern Dynasties,Buddhism developed in the mountain.A monk from India came to Sichuan.His name was Baozhang,the first foreign monk who arrived at the mountain after his short stay in Chengdu.According to the local historical records,Baozhang set up a monastery by the name of Ling Yan Monastery.A stream flowed along the foreground of the monastery.Behind it ,over a misty mountain,dark trees merged imperceptibly into the rest of the landscape.The monastery continued its development in the following dynasties.It was said that the monastery was the biggest in the mountain with 48 halls inside in the Ming Dynasty.Unfortu-nately it was destyroyed by a fire towards the end of the Ming Dynasty.During his stay in China Baozhang translated Buddhist scriptures into Chinese and made a contribution to the culture exchange between China and India.During the Tang Dynasty(618-907)Buddhism in Sichuan developed considerably because some emperors supported Buddhism During their reins.some important Buddhist constructions were set up in Sichuan such as Bao Guang Monastery(the divine light monastery)in xindu County ,the Giant Buddha in Leshan City ,and Wen Shu Monastery in Chengdu.Of course, Buddhism in the mountain was no exception.Some famous monks kept visiting the mountain.Xuan Zang made a pilgrimage to the sacred land of India to collect manuscripts and images and visit the well-known shrines from 629 to 645, leaving a valuable account of his travels in his “Records of the western Regions”, Before his journey ,Xuan Zang came to the mountain.He visited Puxian,earnestly hoping to get blessings from him.On his way up to the mountain he came across an old monk who offerd him a Buddhist scripture.After reading it ,Xuan zang felt more confident for his long journey to india.Legend has it that Puxian put himself in the bodily form of the old monk.From 779 to 805, Weigao, the local top military commander in west Sichuan, donated to support Buddhist development both in Leshan and Mt.E-mei.During the rein of Xizong(874-888)of the Tang Dynasty, a well-known monk by the name of Huitong came to the mountain from Zhijiang.He stayed in Baishui Monastery as the abbot, He employed many workers to maintain and enlarge the existed monasteries, and at the same time he himself arrfanged workers to establish Qingyin Pavilion Monastery.He even invited his yiunger sister huixu, a Buddhist nun to stay in He Shui Monastery.Huixu was the first unu in Mt.Emei.During the Song Dynasty Buddhism in the moutain further developed, In 964 Zhao Kuangyin the first empperor of the Song dynasty sent a 300-member-delegation of monks headed by Jiye, a well-known monk to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures, In 976 they came back with Buddhist materials and images.Due to Jiye's great deeds, Emperor Taizhong honored him by allowing him to choose a place in China to perform his Buddhism.Jiye decided to go to Mt.Emei, where he stayed in Niuxin Monastery to perform his Buddhist rites.Zao Kuangyin also asked one of his assistants by the name of Zhang to come to Chingdu, where Zhang was responsible for casting a 8.50-meter-high statue of Puxian in copper and bronze, and then transporting it to the Baishui Monastery on the site of the Wannian Monastery.Several Sing emperors kept presenting Buddhist scriptures, paintings and valuable gifts to Baishui Monasters stood at the lower part of the mountain.At that time only a few visitors or monks hiked the mountain via the current Wannian Monastery.The monasteries above Wsnnisn Monsastery remained very primitive, still less the monastery on the Golden Summit, which was no more than a wooden house without a monk to live in.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the emperors helped develop Buddhism in China.Zhu Yuanzhang, the first ming Emperor used to be a monk.In his monk career Zhu Yuanzhang had a close contact with a monk by the name of Guangji who later worked in a monastery in the mountain.Zhu Yuanzhang asked him to reestablisshed Xiwa Monastery.After the completion of the monastery, Zhu Yuanzhang summoned him to stay in the capital of the Ming Dynasty, but Guangju kindly refsed the invitqation and cotinued his stay in the mountain.Zhu Yijun was the ling-reining Ming Emperor(1573-1620)who was buried in Dingling, one of the ming Tombs.he and his two wives reposed in the underground palace, which was excavatedf in August, 1956.As a story goes, his mother wanted very much to give a birth to a boy in order to inherit the imperial throne.Therefore, she came to the mountain where she kneeled before the statue of Puxian in Baishui Monastery vowing that she would establish a new monastery and gilt the statue of Puxian if she was blessed to have a boy.Soon afterwards Zhu Yijun was born, and he himself ascended the throne as expected.In 1600 the emperor issued an imperial edit to establish a beamless brick hall and gilt the statue of Puxian on the white elephant.He even renamed Baishui Monastery as Wannian Monastery to celebrate his mother's birthday.In 1602 four bronze halls were cast in Changan on the current site of Xi'an.One of them was moved up to the top of the mountain from which the Golden Summut was named.The hall was 8m high and 5m wide.There are no written records about how the hall was carried uyp the mountain.Unfortunately the hall was completely destroyed by a fire.In 1828 a monk by the name of Yuexzhao collected donations to set up a glazed-golden-roof brick hall, which replaced the bronxe hall.In 1972 another fire occurred, The hall, a telecom tower and andther monastery were all destroyed.The new monastery completed in 1990 still bears traces of its original splendor.Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, Buddhism declined because of a local war, which lasted many years in Sichuan.By the end of the Qing Dynasty Buddhism in the mountain had been restored as much as in the Ming Dynasty.Both Baoguo and Fuhu monasteries were enlatged in the Qing Dynasty and now become the largest ones in the mountain.Before 1949, there were more than 70 monasteries and over 3,000 monks in all in the mountain.The monasteried owned a large amount of farming land to stpport the monks.Half of farmers at the foot of the mountain worked for the monasteries.Routes concerned

Every Chinese or overseas visitor enkoys climbing to the top of Mt.Emei——the Golden Summit more than 10,000-feet-high.The mountain itself is shrouded in the ever-hanging cloud of fog.Fir trees, pines and cedarsclithe the slopes;lofty crags, cloud-kissing precipices, butterflies and azaleas together form a nature reserve of sorts.At the Golden Summit one stands above the fog and gets a beautiful view, especially in the early morning when mountaintops are bathed in the radiance of the rising sun.Late in the tare afternoon the viewers may see the Magic Light,which appears as a multicolored ring of light in the sky with the shadow of the viewer moves.This light phenomenon was traditionally known as Buddha's Aureole or the Emei Buddhist Glory.Actually it is a rainbow ring, produced by tefraction of water particles that attach themselves to a person's shadow in a cloudbank below the summit.Devout Buddhists, thinking this was a call from yonder,used to jump off the Cliff of Self-Sacrifice in the belief that they would thus encounter Puxian.So during the Ming and Qing dynasties officials set up iron poles and chain railings to prevent sticides.Totrists usually start their ascent of the mountain at Baoguo Monastery, originally constructed in the 6th century but entirely rebuilt in the 17th.There are two paths to Jinding, named after a glistening bronxe hall that once crowned the main peak of the mountain.The northern path is wide and easy to follow.The southern path is more rugged and winding.Because it is easier to go up than to come down, most people ascend by the southern route and return on the northern one.At predent there is a cable-car transportation up to the summit.Tourists can continue either on foot or by cable-car.The northern route passes Bailong Cave, Wannian Monastery and Zhanlao Terrace.The southern route passes through Fuhu Monastery, Qingyinge Monastery, Jiulao Cave and Yuxian Monastery.The two paths converge and lead to Xixian Poolm so called after the legend that Puxian passed here on his white elphant, which he washed in the pool before resuming his trip.Xixi9an Pool is the place where tourists frequently come across wild monkeys who usually stand along the path begging for food from tourists.The Chinese find the monkeys an integral part of the mountain trip and like to offer them some food fo0r fun.If you have no food, you should thrust open palms towards the monkeys to show you have no food.The path continues to Leidongping Tettace, a small temple in which the thunder god was supposed to live, and finally to jinding-the Golden Summit itself.The hiking is spectacular and tiring, and the path difficult to follow in places.No matter whether you ascend or descend, youy have to keep a cautious eye on the next step.You should stop occasionally to get a longer view and enjoy the beautiful scenes.The scenery is also and excusw to rest and let your pounding hearts slow down.Whenever you come across a lovely waterfall and spectacular gorge, you should sit by the waterfall, content with the stately beauty and blessings of that spot.四川成都導(dǎo)游詞

作者：導(dǎo)游棲息地

來源： 網(wǎng)絡(luò)

2008-3-17

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女士們、先生們，歡迎您們光臨成都.成都是四川省省會、中國歷史文化名城、首批中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市、國家衛(wèi)生城市、國家“雙擁”模范城。近幾年，她又以城市建設(shè)和生態(tài)環(huán)境方面的成就，先后榮獲聯(lián)合國頒發(fā)的“人居獎”和“最佳范例獎”兩項殊譽(yù)。

成都是一座融古代文明與現(xiàn)代文明于一體的特大城市。她是稀世珍寶大熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)，也是天府之國的中心和“窗口”。她以歷史悠久、文化底蘊(yùn)厚重，風(fēng)光絢麗多姿和名勝古跡眾多而聞名于世?！板\城”“蓉城”是成都的別名；芙蓉、銀杏是成都的市花和市樹。

成都市位于川西北高原山地和川中丘陵之間，西部地勢較高，中部和東南部是廣闊的成都平原，平均海拔500米左右。境內(nèi)兼有山景、平原和丘陵之美，且氣候溫和，雨水充沛、年平均氣溫16℃上下，降水量約1000毫米，素有“冬無嚴(yán)寒，夏無酷暑”之譽(yù)，加以土地肥沃，水利先進(jìn)，物產(chǎn)十分富饒，歷來被稱為“水旱從人，不知饑謹(jǐn)”的“天府明珠”。

成都市的全市總面積12．39萬平方公里，總?cè)丝诔^1000萬人，轄區(qū)劃為7區(qū)4市（縣級市）、8縣。即錦江區(qū)、青羊區(qū)、成華區(qū)、金牛區(qū)、武侯區(qū)、青白江區(qū)、龍泉驛區(qū)；都江堰市、彭州市、崇州市、邛崍市；溫江縣、新都縣、雙流縣、大邑縣、新津縣、郫縣、金堂縣、蒲江縣。此外，還設(shè)有國家級四川成都經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)和成都高新技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)。我們一般說的成都市區(qū)則指市中心部位的五個區(qū)，簡稱為“五城區(qū)”。其余的統(tǒng)稱“市郊縣”。

成都早在一萬年前就已成為蜀族先民活動的中心和舞臺。在市區(qū)和廣漢三星堆的出土文物表明，至少在四千年以前，古蜀先民們就用自己辛勤勞動的雙手，在這里創(chuàng)造了具有鮮明地域特征的古蜀文明。大約2500年前，古蜀國開明王朝把國都從樊鄉(xiāng)（今彭州市、新都縣交界處）遷到此處，取周太王遷歧“一年成邑，三年成都”這一典故，定名“成都”。這時的成都已經(jīng)成為一個初具規(guī)模的城市。公元前316年，秦國把四川納入版圖，成都是蜀郡的首府。自此以后，成都一直是四川地區(qū)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心，歷代皆為郡、州、省一級行政區(qū)的治所和軍事重鎮(zhèn)。其間，成都曾前后有7個割據(jù)政權(quán)的都城設(shè)在此，它們是，西漢末年的公孫述“大成政權(quán)”，公元二世紀(jì)時“三國”的蜀漢王朝，三世紀(jì)的“成漢”政權(quán)，九世紀(jì)前后的“前蜀”和“后蜀”政權(quán)，北宋時期農(nóng)民起義的“大蜀”政權(quán)和明末張獻(xiàn)忠建立的“大西”政權(quán)。

成都有著悠久而燦爛的工商發(fā)展歷史，特別是絲織業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)，名冠中華，遠(yuǎn)銷國外。西漢時期，成都因經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮成為當(dāng)時中國的“五都”之一，織錦業(yè)已成為漢朝的重要國庫收入來源。成都是蜀錦織造中心，朝廷在此設(shè)置了“錦官城”，派有“錦官”進(jìn)行管理。這也是成都又稱為“錦城”，繞城而過的府南河又稱為 “錦江”的原因。蜀漢時期，諸葛亮在四川實行休養(yǎng)生息，扶持農(nóng)商的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，成都作為蜀漢首都得到了更大的發(fā)展，從晉代左思《蜀都賦》的敘述可見當(dāng)時盛況。他說“市廛所會，萬商之淵，列隧百里，羅肆萬千，墮賄山積，纖麗星繁……”好一幅百貨云集、萬頭攢動的市場交易圖！唐代，成都有“揚(yáng)一益二”之譽(yù)，說她的繁華僅次于江南的揚(yáng)州。到北宋時期，成都已成為僅次于汴京的大都會。這時的成都，由于在晚唐五代的紛爭中處于相對安定的情況下，工農(nóng)商業(yè)都有所發(fā)展，商市貿(mào)易突破了傳統(tǒng)的坊市格局，發(fā)展了專門的交易市場，不僅有城內(nèi)東南西北的綜合市場，也有了專營產(chǎn)品的市場，如草市、糠市、鹽市、騾馬市等，鬧市區(qū)還有了“夜市”。此后的成都?xì)v經(jīng)元、明、清諸朝和民國時期，其間雖有多次的興衰起落，但她作為四川省經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的地位并無變化。

成都也是歷史上著名的工藝之鄉(xiāng)。蜀繡、蜀錦名滿天下，列入中華四大名繡、四大名錦之列；成都的漆器以制作精美、工藝獨(dú)特，為歷代傳世名品，近代漢墓出土的文物中許多成都漆器可以作證；唐代成都出產(chǎn)的“雷琴”，載譽(yù)全國，被聲樂界視同珍寶；成都的印刷業(yè)在宋代是全國三大印刷業(yè)基地之一，有“宋時蜀刻甲天下”的贊譽(yù)，倫敦博物館所藏敦煌文書中有五代時期成都的木刻“歷書”，為世界最早的木刻歷書印本；成都的造紙業(yè)也很著名，唐代成都造的“益州麻紙” 是官方規(guī)定的詔書、冊令用紙；女詩人薛濤制作的“薛濤箋”被文人詩客視為上品。成都的金銀絲制品、竹編、草編、也都有數(shù)百上千年的歷史。

成都是燦爛的蜀漢文化發(fā)祥地之一，也是四川文化教育的中心城市，擁有輝煌的文明歷史。早在公元前140多年，蜀郡太守文翁在成都興學(xué)，開辦了中國第一所正規(guī)的官辦學(xué)堂、為四川的文化發(fā)展起了巨大的促進(jìn)作用?！皾h賦四大家”，成都市有司馬相如、揚(yáng)雄兩位，晉代史學(xué)家《華陽國志》作者常璩、唐代女詩人薛濤、音樂家段安節(jié)、五代詞人歐陽炯、繪畫大師黃筌、宋代學(xué)者《資治通鑒》副主編范祖禹、理學(xué)家魏了翁、醫(yī)學(xué)家唐慎微、明代文學(xué)家楊長庵、清代著名的 “儒將”岳鐘祺，加上現(xiàn)代文學(xué)巨子巴金、艾蕪、沙汀等人都是成都人士。當(dāng)然，造就成都文明史的還有歷史上眾多的外來名臣、文士的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，成都是歷史上文化名流匯集之地。大詩人李白、杜甫、岑參、高適、韋莊、陸游、大文豪蘇軾等人都曾寓居這里，為后人留下了大批的文化遺產(chǎn)，使成都的發(fā)達(dá)文化享譽(yù)國內(nèi)外。

有關(guān)成都的歷史和發(fā)展的史話，我們就說到這里。讓我再為大家說說今日成都的現(xiàn)狀。

漢文化

作為第一批獲得中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市稱號的成都，旅游資源得天獨(dú)厚，最突出的是“蜀漢文化”、“熊貓故鄉(xiāng)”、“天府風(fēng)光”三大特色。

下面，請讓我分別簡述一下：

成都是蜀漢文化的發(fā)源地。蜀漢文化是中華文化的重要組成部分。都江堰芒城、溫江縣魚鳧城、郫縣三道堰、新津龍馬古城和附近的廣漢三星堆等遺址說明，蜀漢文化有悠久的歷史。

成都作為數(shù)代古蜀王朝的都城和四川地區(qū)的首府，孕育了歷代多少風(fēng)流人物，擁有許多的歷史遺跡和文化瑰寶，僅以各級政府明令公布保護(hù)的重點(diǎn)文物單位全市就有118處，其中全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位9處。2300多年前修建的都江堰大型水利工程，構(gòu)思之巧妙，計算之精確，手段之高明，工程之宏偉，功能之完善，管理之科學(xué)，效益之長遠(yuǎn)，無不讓到此的中外游客為之傾倒，她使成都平原成為“水旱從人”，“沃野千里”的“天府”，給四川帶來了富裕和繁榮，被譽(yù)為 “獨(dú)奇千古的天府銀河”和“鎮(zhèn)川之寶”，是人類文明的不朽杰作。

武侯祠座落在成都市南郊的一片森森翠柏之中，公元五世紀(jì)，為紀(jì)念三國時蜀漢丞相諸葛亮而建。這是全國最大、保存最完整的武侯祠，是中國眾多三國遺跡中唯一被列為全國重點(diǎn)文物的單位。館藏極其豐富的成都武侯祠，與周邊其他州、市、縣豐富的蜀漢文化景觀構(gòu)成的“三國遺跡尋蹤”黃金旅游者的歡迎。

杜甫草堂位于成都西郊浣花溪畔，是在唐代大詩人杜甫流寓成都時的故居上建成的紀(jì)念性古典園林。是全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。杜甫的詩歌，對中國文學(xué)的發(fā)展有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響，被后人譽(yù)為“詩史”，他本人被尊為“詩圣”。草堂現(xiàn)存各種杜詩版本、多種文字譯本、杜詩書法作品及其他有關(guān)資料3000余冊，文物 2000余件。杜甫草堂不僅為人們研究杜甫、杜詩提供了珍貴的資料，而且也是中外人士瞻仰杜甫遺容的勝地。

成都市的宗教文物也很豐富。全市現(xiàn)有佛寺、道觀、教堂近百處。大邑縣的鶴鳴山是中國道教的發(fā)祥地，并以“青城天下幽”的景觀名列國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。市區(qū)內(nèi)的青羊?qū)m規(guī)模宏大，是全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。相傳為“太上老君”（即老子）坐臺傳授道法之處。成都佛寺眾多，其中最負(fù)盛名的有寶光寺、石經(jīng)寺、大慈寺、昭覺寺、文殊院等。寶光寺相傳建于東漢，被譽(yù)為長江流域四大叢林之一。其他的文物古跡，諸如望叢祠、望江樓、明僖王陵、永陵、東漢墓、觀音寺壁畫、辛亥秋保路死事紀(jì)念碑等，就不再一一列述了。

今日成都

今日成都，可以說是既古老又年青，既安寧又繁榮，在國家實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略決策的大好形勢下，正揚(yáng)起風(fēng)帆，向著現(xiàn)代化的大都市目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。

新中國成立后，古老的成都煥發(fā)了青春。工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)都有突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。特別是60年代前期，國家大力進(jìn)行的“三線”建設(shè)，使成都基本上形成以機(jī)械、電子、冶金、化工和輕紡工業(yè)為主體的工業(yè)體系，成為四川和中國西部新興的工業(yè)基地。

1978年以來，成都進(jìn)入了改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新的歷史時期，憑藉其雄厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和地處中西部結(jié)合處的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢，在短短的二十多年間，已進(jìn)一步發(fā)展成為中國西南地區(qū)重要的科技、商貿(mào)、金融中心和交通、通信樞紐，中國的特大城市之一。

今日的成都，干道縱橫、街市寬整、高樓林立、綠樹成蔭，市容美麗，商業(yè)服務(wù)行業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)遍布全市，城市綜合服務(wù)功能日益增強(qiáng)；繞城而過的府南河，經(jīng)過全市人民的五年奮斗，全面整治告捷，如今的府南河水質(zhì)變得清亮，兩岸的花木、草坪、雕塑、亭榭與櫛比鱗次的現(xiàn)代化民居高樓相映爭輝，猶如在城市的脖子上系了一條“翡翠項鏈”，它不僅具有防洪、環(huán)保和交通運(yùn)輸?shù)墓δ?，還成了市民和游人最喜愛的休閑觀光好去處。

成都作為西南地區(qū)的交通通信樞紐，鐵路有成渝、寶成、成昆和達(dá)成鐵路交匯于此；公路除成渝、成綿、成樂、成雅、成灌高速公路外，還有3條國道通過，形成了以川陜、川藏、川甘和成渝、成阿等23條省級以上公路為骨干的放射型公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)，成都市是全國公路最密集的城市之一；成都是西南地區(qū)最大的航空港。雙流國際機(jī)場是全國四大空港之一，現(xiàn)已開通了國際國內(nèi)航線170多條。成都又是西南地區(qū)郵電通訊交換中心之一，并先后與160余個國家和地區(qū)建立了通信聯(lián)系。便捷的交通，發(fā)達(dá)的通訊，把成都與全國各地緊密地連接在一起，架起了成都通向世界各地的橋梁。

熊貓故鄉(xiāng)

成都是大熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)。

成都近郊有國家森林公園4處，大熊貓生態(tài)自然保護(hù)區(qū)3處。全世界僅存的一千余只大熊貓，80％左右分布在成都及其鄰近地區(qū)。

全世界最大的大熊貓繁育研究基地也建在成都。

成都動物園是世界上大熊貓最多的城市動物園。到成都旅游您不但可以了解到大熊貓最新的科研成果以及與大熊貓有關(guān)的背景和文化。

您還可以去成都鞍子河、大邑黑水河、都江堰市虹口，以及寶興蜂桶寨、臥龍保護(hù)區(qū)等大熊貓棲息地和生態(tài)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，領(lǐng)略大自然的風(fēng)光，追尋大熊貓的蹤跡。

天府風(fēng)光

天府風(fēng)光是吸引大量中外游人來成都觀光游覽的又一大特色資源。天府樂土，成都寶地，獨(dú)特的地型地貌，造就了成都多姿多彩，獨(dú)特有序的天府風(fēng)光：田園、丘陵、河渠、湖泊、峽谷、奇峰各具魅力，而且自然景觀、人文景觀和濃郁的民俗風(fēng)情融為一體，秀色美景，匯成大觀。古往今來，不知有多少文人墨客贊美成都，真是個“九天開出一成都，萬戶千門入畫圖”，“劍南山水盡清暉，濯錦江邊天下稀”，“繁華盛麗天下無?！?/p>

除開剛才已說過的都江堰——青城山景區(qū)之外，還有以原始森林、飛瀑流泉、高山天景和雪山草場為特色的大邑西嶺雪山；奇險深幽，生態(tài)原始的彭州九峰山景區(qū)；凝幽滴翠，美自天然的崇州九龍溝；湖山澄碧、曲折幽靜的蒲江朝陽湖；丹霞山景、世外仙原般的邛崍?zhí)炫_山，以及金堂的沱江風(fēng)光、龍池的山林奇觀等等，都是愛好游山玩水的旅游者觀光游覽，享受自然的理想之地。成都平原的農(nóng)村田園風(fēng)光富饒美麗，民俗民風(fēng)，遺存豐富，別真情趣，是天府風(fēng)光中令人矚目的一大勝景。大邑縣的劉氏莊原，郫縣的友愛鄉(xiāng)，龍泉的書房村，是開展“農(nóng)家樂”和田園風(fēng)光游的好去處。

親愛的朋友，不管您喜歡什么，在成都您都可以找到滿意的去處。想觀花，這里有龍泉驛的桃花節(jié)、彭州的牡丹節(jié)、新都的桂花節(jié)；想游湖，這里有風(fēng)景秀麗的朝陽湖、龍泉湖、桂湖和白塔湖；要登山，這里有奇峰怪石的龍門山，險峻雄奇的天臺山、花果飄香的龍泉山；要游園，這里有濃縮世界主要景觀的世界樂園，望江公園和人民公園；想感受成都傳流的民居文化的韻味，您可以走進(jìn)一條條由無數(shù)四合院連接起來的大街小巷；想領(lǐng)略鄉(xiāng)間小鎮(zhèn)質(zhì)樸、寧靜的自然風(fēng)光，您可以到雙流黃龍溪古鎮(zhèn)、那里古街、古樹、古廟、古水陸碼頭、古戰(zhàn)場、古建筑、古文化融為一體，還是“中國火龍之鄉(xiāng)”；想觀戲，您可以步入戲院欣賞川戲、聽那委婉動聽的高腔，看那變幻莫測的“變臉”、“吐火”等川劇絕技表演；想品茶，您可以到一間間各具風(fēng)格的茶館、茶樓。四川茶館的特殊氛圍，蓋碗茶具和高超的摻茶技藝，會使您感受到濃濃的成都茶文化的氣息；想吃川菜，成都是正宗川菜發(fā)祥地，川菜館遍布全市，名師薈萃，品味正宗；想吃小吃，成都小吃“馳名中外，品種繁多。色鮮味佳，物美價廉，擔(dān)擔(dān)面、鐘水餃、龍抄手、賴湯園、韓包子、夫妻肺片等都是成都“小吃”的傳統(tǒng)名品，而近年崛起的“火鍋”正后來居上，風(fēng)靡一時?？傊痪湓?，“吃在成都、玩在成都、游在成都”已成為旅游愛好者的共識。

朋友們，近幾年來，成都旅游業(yè)得到了長足的發(fā)展。特別值得一提的是西部大開發(fā)，使成都旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展前景更加廣闊。成都將以更豐富的旅游產(chǎn)品，更良好的旅游環(huán)境，更優(yōu)質(zhì)的旅游服務(wù)，迎接祖國和世界各地的朋友們的到來，我們相信大家的成都之旅一定能獲得圓滿和愉快的感受。

謝謝大家。

第五篇：宋才發(fā)：四川都江堰、青城山文化景觀探討

宋才發(fā)：四川都江堰、青城山文化景觀探討

四川都江堰、青城山文化景觀探討

宋才發(fā)

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（中央民族大學(xué) 民族博物館，北京 100081）

一

都江堰位于四川成都平原西部的都江堰市，距成都約50公里處，地處北緯30°52′—31°01′，東經(jīng)103°25′—103°38′，面積1211.2平方公里，人口62萬人，被譽(yù)為“天府之源”、“鎮(zhèn)川之寶”。都江堰古時屬都安縣境而名為“都安堰”，又稱“湔堰”、“湔堋”，宋元后開始用現(xiàn)名“都江堰”①。都江堰創(chuàng)建于公元前256年左右，距今已有2250多年的悠久歷史。當(dāng)時的秦蜀郡太守李冰，根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐牡乩硖攸c(diǎn)并借鑒前人治水經(jīng)驗，巧妙地利用岷江出山口處的特殊地形，在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢眠x址作堰，順應(yīng)自然規(guī)律利用高低落差，在生產(chǎn)工具和施工技術(shù)比較落后的情況下，采用熱脹冷縮的原理，鑿離堆、穿“二江”（郫江、檢江即今走馬河、柏條河）化害為利，自流灌溉成都平原，造就了中外聞名的天府之國，使成都平原成為中國著名的糧倉。具體地說，李冰就是利用魚嘴分水堤從岷江引水灌溉，枯水期自動將岷江60%的水引入內(nèi)江，40%的水排入外江；遇洪水時能夠自動將60%的水排入外江，40%的水引入內(nèi)江②。都江堰建于岷江彎道處，江水至都江堰，含沙量少的表層水流向凹岸，含沙量大的底層水流向凸岸，將洪水沖下來的沙石大部分從外江排走。進(jìn)入內(nèi)江的小部分沙石，利用伸向江心的虎頭巖的支引、寶瓶口的節(jié)制和“離堆”的頂托，將大部分沙石從“飛沙堰”、“人字堤”排入外江，使寶瓶口引水口和灌區(qū)干流免遭泥沙淤塞；利用寶瓶口引水口控制進(jìn)水量，既保證了灌溉用水，又防止了過量洪水涌入內(nèi)江灌區(qū)造成災(zāi)害。都江堰是成功地運(yùn)用自然彎道形成的流體引力，自動引水、泄洪、排沙的典范。在建堰時，李冰還在江中埋石馬做淘灘標(biāo)志，立“三石人”來觀察水情消長，開創(chuàng)了中國古代水情測量的先例。據(jù)《永康軍志》載:“春耕之際，需之如金，號曰‘金灌口’”。因此，寶瓶口（古時又名“金灌口”）是內(nèi)江進(jìn)水的咽喉，能夠自動調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)入灌區(qū)的水量，使成都平原“水旱從人”，成為天府糧倉③。經(jīng)過2200多年的發(fā)展，成為集防洪、灌溉、運(yùn)輸、發(fā)電、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖、旅游及城鄉(xiāng)工業(yè)、生活用水為一體，綜合效益巨大的大型水利工程，開創(chuàng)了中國乃至世界水利工程之先河。

都江堰是當(dāng)今世界年代久遠(yuǎn)、唯一留存、以無壩引水為特征的宏大水利工程。它不僅是中國水利工程技術(shù)的偉大奇跡，也是世界水利工程的璀璨明珠。都江堰流傳著許多美好的民間傳說。戰(zhàn)國后期秦楚兩霸爭奪天下，秦為實現(xiàn)一統(tǒng)天下大業(yè)，便將“得蜀則得楚，得蜀先治水”列為秦的根本國策。蜀居楚之上陸路不通，自古以來“蜀道難，難于上青天”④，如水上運(yùn)兵攻楚，則旦夕即至。秦出于政治目的遂派李冰治理岷江，所以有“秦并六國，自蜀始”的說法。都江堰由渠首工程和灌區(qū)兩大部分組成。渠首工程在四川省都江堰市城西1000米處，它是灌區(qū)的中樞，保護(hù)面積231.5公頃。都江堰能經(jīng)久不衰的重要原因，就是渠首位 ?作者簡介

宋才發(fā)（1953—），中央民族大學(xué)民族博物館館長，原中央民族大學(xué)法學(xué)院院長、法學(xué)教授、博士生導(dǎo)師。① 劉耀編著：《中國絕色風(fēng)景》，中國長安出版社2006年版，第279頁。② 李振湘著：《世界遺產(chǎn)中國行》，民族出版社2004年版，第182頁。③《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第175頁。④ 吳丈蜀主編：《歷代詩詞曲佳句名篇大全》，長江文藝出版社1992年版，第829頁。置選址科學(xué)，工程與地形條件配合巧妙，乘勢利導(dǎo)因時制宜，相互制約相輔相成，具有布局合理科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的完整性。渠首工程選在成都平原頂端，海拔726米，為全灌區(qū)制高點(diǎn)，它接納了岷江上游豐富而穩(wěn)定的水資源。渠首工程由魚嘴分水堤、寶瓶口引水口、飛沙堰溢洪道三大主體工程和百丈堤、人字堤等附屬工程組成，是一個分流引水、溢洪排沙相結(jié)合的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)工程。都江堰的創(chuàng)建以不破壞自然資源，充分利用自然資源為人類服務(wù)為前提，變害為利，使人、地、水三者高度協(xié)合統(tǒng)一，是全世界迄今為止僅存的一項偉大的生態(tài)工程①。它開創(chuàng)了中國古代水利史上的新紀(jì)元，標(biāo)志著中國水利史進(jìn)入了一個新階段，在世界水利史上寫下了光輝的一章。都江堰水利工程是中國古代勞動人民智慧的結(jié)晶，不愧是中華文化劃時代的杰作。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和灌區(qū)范圍的擴(kuò)大，從1936年開始，逐步改用混凝土漿砌卵石技術(shù)對渠首工程進(jìn)行維修、加固，增加了部分水利設(shè)施，古堰的工程布局和“深淘灘、低作堰”，“乘勢利導(dǎo)、因時制宜”，“遇灣截角、逢正抽心”等治水方略沒有改變，都江堰發(fā)揮的效益越來越大。據(jù)1998年文字資料記載，實際灌溉面積達(dá)到66.87萬公頃，同時為四川50多個大中城市，數(shù)百家工礦企業(yè)提供了工業(yè)和生活用水，成為世界最佳水資源利用的典范②。歷代政府對都江堰水利工程都非常重視，逐步完善了管理機(jī)構(gòu)，建立了歲修、防洪等維護(hù)制度，積累和總結(jié)了“六字訣”、“三字經(jīng)”、“八字格言”等寶貴的治水經(jīng)驗，使古堰持續(xù)發(fā)展相沿不廢。都江堰與中國古代著名的水利工程相比，其構(gòu)思、設(shè)計、選址獨(dú)具匠心，它是自然生態(tài)、科學(xué)文化、人與自然緊密協(xié)合的偉大創(chuàng)舉，中國乃至世界其他任何古代水利工程都無與倫比③。1872年德國地理學(xué)家李?；舴曳Q贊“都江堰灌溉方法之完善，世界各地?zé)o與倫比。”1986年國際灌排委員會秘書長弗朗杰姆，國際河流泥沙學(xué)術(shù)會的各國專家參觀都江堰后，對都江堰科學(xué)的灌溉和排沙功能給予高度評價。1999年3月聯(lián)合國人居中心官員參觀都江堰后，建議都江堰水利工程參評2000年聯(lián)合國“最佳水資源利用和處理獎”④。

李冰紀(jì)念館位于都江堰市區(qū)西1公里的二王廟⑤內(nèi)，于1992年4月1日建成開放。紀(jì)念館坐落在二王廟東側(cè)山麓，占地面積2900平方米，主體建筑高18米，墻面用大理石、瓷磚貼成。二王廟位于都江堰左岸玉壘山麓的山坳中，隔江與魚嘴相望，原為紀(jì)念蜀王杜宇的望帝祠，南齊建武年間（公元494—498年）改祀李冰（稱“崇德廟”）；972年鑄塑李二王像，因父子二人相繼被敕封為王。清代建造“二王廟”，占地面積5.1萬平方米，建筑面積1.1萬平方米，建筑布局，軸線多次轉(zhuǎn)折，以大殿中心為祭祀、飲食、住宿的功能要求，從縱橫兩個方向組成井然有序、主次分明、功能各異、整體性強(qiáng)并帶有濃厚川西民居風(fēng)格的建筑群。廟前左右各有一座臨街樓，與照壁疏江亭長廊連接，形成自橫向入廟的通道。沿石階上依次為樂樓、灌瀾亭、靈官殿、大照壁、山門、李冰殿、二郎殿，然后右行是鐵龍殿及食宿區(qū)，左行為堰功堂、圣母殿、老君殿及新建的后山門。大殿為穿透式木構(gòu)架、雙脊重檐歇山式建筑，面闊7間34米，進(jìn)深5間22米，高18.5米。山門為三重檐坎山式頂建筑，門額上部均用鳳凰窠裝飾，重重飛檐翹角，氣勢十分壯觀。門額正中“二王廟”匾額，為馮玉祥將軍所書。廟內(nèi)崇敬李冰治水功績、記錄前人治水經(jīng)驗的石刻、詩碑、匾額、楹聯(lián)，舉目可見。主殿分別供有李冰及二郎的塑像，造型明朗、新穎、莊嚴(yán)、肅穆，富有時代氣息和地方特色。廟中還珍藏有治水名言，詩人碑刻和聞名的治水《三字經(jīng)》、《八字訣》，還有光緒帝御筆的“功昭蜀道”，以及張大千、徐悲鴻、關(guān)山月的墨寶。展廳分為生平簡述、古堰豐碑、澤惠天府、千秋景仰四部分，概要的介紹了李冰的生平、創(chuàng)造都江堰的歷程和科學(xué)技術(shù)成就、富國利民 ①②《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第174頁?！吨袊澜邕z產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第175頁。③ 世界古老的著名水利工程中，古巴比倫王國建于幼發(fā)拉底河上的納爾——漢謨拉比渠和古羅馬的人工渠道都早已荒廢，只有都江堰獨(dú)步千古，永續(xù)利用，長盛不衰。④《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第175頁。⑤ “二王廟”位于都江堰玉壘山腰，前臨都江堰，因在五代以后，李冰父子相繼被封為王，后人為紀(jì)念李冰父子而稱之為“二王廟”。的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效果及人們懷念敬仰李冰的景況，展示了鮮為人知的文物20余件及史、志、典籍。附館陳列著毛澤東、江澤民、董必武、郭沫若等黨和國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的題詞及海內(nèi)外著名人士的詩文、書畫等?！岸鯊R”從古至今不但香火鼎盛，而且在歷史上一直既有官方主持的祭典活動，也有民間祭祀活動。傳說舊歷六月二十四日是二郎生日，因此川西受益區(qū)群眾不辭艱苦跋涉，扶老攜幼，帶著祭品來廟祭拜，每日絡(luò)繹不絕的香客多達(dá)萬人①。

離堆又名灌口山，原系湔山虎頭巖的一部分，李冰開鑿寶瓶口后成為孤丘②。寶瓶口是前山，今名灌口山、玉壘山，伸向岷江的長脊上鑿開的一個口子，它是人工鑿成控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水的咽喉，因它形似瓶口而功能奇特故名“寶瓶口”。留在寶瓶口右邊的山丘因與其山體相離故稱離堆。離堆位于市區(qū)西部，占地面積約60000平方米，由于寶瓶口自然景觀瑰麗，有“離堆鎖峽”之稱，屬歷史上著名的“灌陽十景”之一。離堆古時為果園，宋代魏了翁《永康軍花洲記》：“永康之城南曰花洲者，俗號果園”，清末為桑園；1925年改為“都江公園”（翌年更名為“離堆公園”）。離堆大門聯(lián)云：“完神禹斧椎功，陸海無雙，河渠大書秦守惠；攬全蜀山水秀，導(dǎo)江第一，名園生色華陽篇?！备桧灷畋嗡?，描述公園特色。這里三面絕壁，直對驚濤，與附近山、水、城、堰、古跡、津梁交相輝映，更顯雄偉。建筑群不強(qiáng)調(diào)中軸線，老王殿、鐵佛殿、玉皇殿等單幢建筑依地勢逶迤而上，前部封閉，后部開敞。玉皇殿后有“觀瀾亭”，登亭眺望皚皚雪山，滔滔江水盡收眼底。伏龍觀原系晉代為紀(jì)念青成隱士修的范賢館。后因李冰降伏孽龍伏在離堆之下，故于北宋初年改祭李冰并取名伏龍觀。伏龍觀又名老王廟、李公祠、李公廟等，占地面積3000平方米，建筑面積1900平方米。伏龍觀有廟宇三重：前殿塑有公元168年(東漢)所雕的高2.9米，重約4噸的李冰石像，還有東漢堰工石像、唐代金仙和玉真公主在青城山修道時的遺物飛龍鼎。伏龍觀中文物甚多，如樹立在正殿中的東漢李冰圓雕石像，1974年遷建索橋時于3號橋基坑出土。像用灰白砂巖琢成，高290厘米，肩寬96厘米，厚46厘米，底部有一方榨，長18厘米。石像冠冕長衣，手置胸前，面含微笑，兩袖和衣襟上各有淺刻題記一行。1975年8月18日加座豎立在伏龍觀正殿中。正殿右側(cè)豎立的堰工石像，是1975年1月18日在都江堰外閘下開挖護(hù)灘時發(fā)現(xiàn)的。石像寬衣重袖，持插而立，通高1.85米，肩寬0.7米；插高0.28米，寬0.25米，插把長1.34米。石像頭部已被沖毀，背部沖蝕嚴(yán)重。正殿中的飛龍鐵鼎是唐容宗女玉真公主故物。鼎重約千斤，上有8條飛龍和云紋花卉，是不可多得的古代鑄造精品，1978年10月移入觀中陳列。

安瀾索橋是我國古代人民利用本地竹木資源創(chuàng)建的橋梁形式之一。索橋位于都江堰渠首魚嘴處，橫跨內(nèi)外二江，全長261米，為古代溝通岷江東西兩岸的交通紐帶。宋淳化元年（公元990年），大理評事梁楚知永康軍重建后稱“評事橋”。明末毀于戰(zhàn)火，清嘉慶八年（公元1803年），貴州大定府何先德夫婦募捐重建，以碗口粗竹纜十根平列，上鋪木板為橋面，兩旁有較細(xì)竹纜為扶欄，兩岸行人可安渡狂瀾，故名安瀾橋（時人又稱夫妻橋）。安瀾索橋全長約500米，現(xiàn)在的橋下移100多米，將竹索改為鋼索，承托纜索的木樁橋墩改為混凝土樁，橋身也縮為240米③。坐落于都江堰首魚嘴上橫跨都江堰市區(qū)內(nèi)江的南橋，元代稱凌云橋，清改稱普濟(jì)橋，是連接南街與復(fù)興街之間的一座廊式古橋。歷史上屢有毀建，1958改木橋樁為鋼筋混凝土墩，增建了牌坊形橋門，正式命名為“南橋”。1979年改建，橋5孔、長50米，加高了橋身，增建了橋亭、石階、花圃。修葺后的橋頭飛檐翹角，各種人物、動物雕塑，生動逼真；橋身雕梁畫棟，橋廊屋面琉璃瓦與山水一色；橋廊兩側(cè)還增飾了名人題記的詩詞、書畫、楹聯(lián)、匾額，成為吸引中外游人的勝景。近年來離堆又新建了清溪園、天府源茶莊、堰功大道，改建了荷花池，素有“川西第一名園”之美稱。

二

①② 周劍鋒編著：《西南民情之旅》，湖南地圖出版社2001年版，第135頁。

劉耀編著：《中國絕色風(fēng)景》，中國長安出版社2006年版，第279頁。③ 劉耀編著：《中國絕色風(fēng)景》，中國長安出版社2006年版，第281頁。青城山位于都江堰市城南距都江堰市中心約16公里（距成都75公里）處，屬邛崍山脈南段的東支，以大面山（又名“趙公山”、“丈人山”）為主峰，青城山的山體由紅色礫巖和沙泥巖構(gòu)成，屬丹霞地貌形態(tài)。由于構(gòu)造抬升與流水切割等的作用，形成了群峰聳立、峰峻坡陡、澗壑幽深的地形。36峰姿態(tài)飛舞多變，每一峰都有茂密的植被覆蓋，遂使山色郁郁蔥蔥，輪廓線條柔和，隨著山谷的起伏，處處幽深清靜，峰巒疊翠，狀若城郭故稱青城。青城山素有“洞天福地”、“人間仙境”之譽(yù)，是國家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，省級旅游度假區(qū)，與大熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)臥龍自然保護(hù)區(qū)相接，與世界級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)九寨溝、黃龍寺遙相呼應(yīng)，自古以來就是川西平原旅游熱線上的一顆璀璨明珠。城外諸峰環(huán)繞，山上樹木茂盛，山路兩旁古木參天，濃蔭覆地，四季常青，故名“青城山”。青城山分青城前山和青城后山。前山景色優(yōu)美文物古跡眾多；后山自然景物神秘綺麗、原始華美如世外桃源。青城山與都江堰地處四川成都平原西緣，是四川盆地與青藏高原的接合部，也是中國西部兩大地形階梯的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，是兩大植物區(qū)系的交匯區(qū)。保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)地形復(fù)雜、氣候多樣，為生物的形成和繁衍提供了良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境。青城山背靠岷山雪嶺，面向川西平原，群峰環(huán)繞，狀若城廓；林深樹密，四季常綠；丹梯千級，曲徑通幽，素有“青城天下幽”之稱①。青城山位于都江堰渠首工程南側(cè)，從岸邊迅速隆起，是我國著名的歷史名山和國家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。它背靠千里岷山，俯臨成都平原，層巒疊嶂，自古就以優(yōu)美的自然景觀和眾多的人文景觀馳譽(yù)中外。青城山保護(hù)面積1522公頃，有36峰、8大洞、72小洞、108景②。龍溪自然保護(hù)區(qū)位于都江堰渠首工程北側(cè)，其地形從最低海拔726米逐步抬升，最高峰光光山海拔達(dá)到4582米，形成鮮明的植物帶譜。生物多樣性豐富、獨(dú)特，是國寶大熊貓重要分布地之一③。夏無酷暑，冬無嚴(yán)寒，空翠欲滴是“幽”；荊溪白石，飛瀑連珠是“幽”；曲徑蜿蜒，林木遮天是“幽”；云霧繚繞，煙波四起是“幽”；宮觀藏趣，自然天成也是“幽”。同時，它又體現(xiàn)了以“金鞭巖”為代表的“雄”的特色；以“降魔石”為代表的“奇”的特色；以“擲筆槽”為代表的“險”的特色，滿山密林，日穿不透，直與峨眉爭秀色④。

青城山確實有“幽”的特點(diǎn)。由于歷代開拓者為上山的人設(shè)想，在上山的路途中，游人每行10分鐘左右就可以看到一座小亭。這些小亭有的建在路旁，有的建在石橋上，它們與周圍景色頗為協(xié)調(diào)，而且越往上走亭距越短，因為游人越感到疲勞就越需要多休息幾次。游覽青城山的樂趣，就在于沿著濃蔭密布的石階山路拾級而上，看眼中的綠意盎然，聽溪澗的流水淙淙；來到一處道觀就可以坐下來喝一杯茶，欣賞觀中建筑和所藏文物。青城山風(fēng)景區(qū)內(nèi)生態(tài)旅游資源十分豐富，有大熊貓、川金絲猴和珙桐、銀杏等動植物，有360平方公里的原始森林和亞洲規(guī)模最大的杜鵑專類植物園和苔蘚園。代表性旅游景區(qū)有世界文化遺產(chǎn)都江堰——青城山、國家級森林公園龍池和國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)龍溪——虹口，目前基本形成以世界遺產(chǎn)觀光為主，集休閑、度假于一體的旅游產(chǎn)品體系，是四川旅游發(fā)展重點(diǎn)地區(qū)。該區(qū)以大規(guī)模的珍稀動植物、舒適宜人的氣候、優(yōu)質(zhì)的生態(tài)環(huán)境為特征，是距離特大中心城市最近的世界級生態(tài)旅游區(qū)。今后發(fā)展重點(diǎn)是切實有效保護(hù)世界遺產(chǎn)，加大遺產(chǎn)科研力度，展示“人與自然和諧共處”的都江堰水生態(tài)文化；以青城山、龍溪——虹口為主要依托，大力開發(fā)生態(tài)度假旅游項目，建設(shè)青城山道教文化生態(tài)旅游度假區(qū)、青城鎮(zhèn)國家級農(nóng)業(yè)旅游示范區(qū)、龍溪——虹口生態(tài)度假旅游示范區(qū)、紫坪鋪水體生態(tài)度假區(qū)等。根據(jù)資源特征和市場需求，開發(fā)多層次、多元化的生態(tài)旅游活動項目，包括青城山徒步旅行、龍池滑雪、滑草、溜索、白沙河漂流、虹口原始森林徒步穿越、青城鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)觀光和鄉(xiāng)村度假等；加快都江堰生態(tài)旅游城市建設(shè)，打造“西部綠城”，創(chuàng)建“國家園林城市”，構(gòu)建城市景觀綠地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。植被 ①② 青城山“青城天下幽”的美譽(yù)，意思是在天下名山中，青城山是最幽深、恬靜的。

《中國文化遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編輯委員會：《中國文化遺產(chǎn)年鑒2006》，文物出版社2006年版，第77頁；李振湘著：《世界遺產(chǎn)中國行》，民族出版社2004年版，第184頁。③《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第174頁。④ 劉耀編著：《中國絕色風(fēng)景》，中國長安出版社2006年版，第279頁。豐富的青城山不僅是道教的圣山，還擁有730多種木本植物和大量珍貴藥材。唐太宗時代道士孫思邈來到了青城山，他在這里采集了大量藥材，研究了解各種藥性，撰寫了醫(yī)學(xué)著作《千金方》。因為這本至今仍然是中醫(yī)必修的典籍，孫思邈被后人稱為“藥王”。

青城山是我國著名的道教名山之一。早在公元前2世紀(jì)，秦王朝即將青城山列為國家祭祀的18處山、川圣地之一。青城山是中國道教的發(fā)源地，漢安二年（公元143年），道教創(chuàng)始人張陵（又名張道陵）選中青城山深幽涵碧的赤城崖結(jié)茅傳道，次年定居天師洞，立24治（教民區(qū)）。他用先秦“黃老之學(xué)”創(chuàng)立了“五斗米道”①，青城山便以道教發(fā)源地和天師道祖山、祖庭名標(biāo)史冊。張陵四世孫張盛后裔在龍虎山建天師府后，歷代天師均要到青城山朝祖②。漢晉之際道教逐漸興旺，范長生移居青城山，助李雄建立成漢政權(quán)，蜀中一時安定繁榮，天師道成為成漢政權(quán)和蜀民的精神支柱。公元618—907年間，唐王朝崇奉道教，我國道教進(jìn)入一個繁盛時期，青城山尤其興旺。唐僖宗封青城山為“希夷公”，親草祭文，命青城山修靈寶道場周天大醮，設(shè)醮位2400個（道士設(shè)壇做法事）。明代青城山道教所傳屬于全真道龍門派。全真道與原來的天師正一道不同的是，它主張修道者要出家投師，住庵當(dāng)?shù)朗坎蝗⑵奘摇⒉怀匀澬?，?chuàng)立了一套養(yǎng)身習(xí)靜的修煉方法。道士住山自然對宮觀的維護(hù)和山林的栽培更為重視。明朝末年戰(zhàn)亂不斷，青城山道士逃走。直到清康熙八年，武當(dāng)山全真道龍門派道士陳清覺來青城山主持教務(wù)，才使局面重新改觀。后來陳在四川官員的幫助下，得到康熙皇帝的欽賜御書“丹臺碧洞”，并封他為“碧洞真人”。至此中國道教發(fā)展進(jìn)入鼎盛時期，山中道觀達(dá)40多處，先后演變成7個教派。8世紀(jì)中葉，一名叫做清虛子的道士，在一次使用硫磺、木炭和硝石為燃料煉丹時發(fā)生一場意外爆炸，這次爆炸讓中國人早于西方1000多年掌握了制造火藥的技術(shù)。9世紀(jì)晚期，道教學(xué)者杜光庭對各派道法進(jìn)行深入研究，圓融各派，成為一代宗師。他居青城近30年，著述約30部250多卷，是道教理論集大成者，影響遍及中國道教名山和東南亞各國，成為“道門領(lǐng)袖”之一。五代時，道教音樂進(jìn)入宮廷。青城道士張孔山傳譜的古琴曲《流水》，1977年被美國錄入鍍金唱片，由“旅行者二號”太空飛船帶入太空，在茫茫宇宙尋覓人類知音③。

青城山是中國道教十大洞天中的“第五大洞寶仙九室之天”。青城山有全國最集中的道教宮觀建筑群，始于晉、盛于唐，體現(xiàn)了中國西南民俗民風(fēng)的特色。它與公元1416年所建武當(dāng)山道教宮觀建筑群有許多不同，如武當(dāng)山體現(xiàn)的是宮廷建筑特色，青城山的道教建筑群自然、古老和悠久，體現(xiàn)出濃郁的中國西南地方特色和民族習(xí)俗。青城山道教自創(chuàng)建至今宗派繁衍，久盛不衰，香火未斷④。青城山至今完好地保存有數(shù)十座道教宮觀，珍藏著大量古跡文物和近代名家手跡。可以說，青城山是一座縱橫千百年的活的“道教博物館”。它的主要風(fēng)景名勝有：（1）建福宮。建福宮始建于唐代，修建在丈人峰下，宮前有一條清溪，四周古木蔥蘢，環(huán)境幽美。（2）天然圖畫。天然圖畫是清光緒年間建造的一座閣。這里蒼巖壁立，綠樹交映，游人至此如置身畫中，故將此建筑名為“天然圖畫”。（3）天師洞。洞中有“天師”張道陵及其30代孫“虛靖天師”的像。山東麓有距今約4500年的新石器時代晚期的芒城遺址，在我國同時期古城址中實為罕見。這里出土的大量文物，對揭示古蜀文明具有重要意義?，F(xiàn)存殿宇建于清末，規(guī)模宏偉、雕刻精良，并有不少珍貴文物和古樹；附近還有三島石、洗心池、上天梯、一線天等名勝。相傳東漢末年張道陵曾在此講經(jīng)傳道，其主殿三皇殿中供有唐朝石刻三皇，殿內(nèi)現(xiàn)存歷代石木碑刻，最著名的有：唐玄宗旨書碑、岳飛手書的諸葛亮前后《出師表》等。出天師洞過訪寧橋便到祖師殿，再向北去可到朝陽洞，出之則直達(dá)高臺上的“上清宮”⑤。上清宮始建于晉代，現(xiàn)存廟宇為清同治年間所建，上有“天下第五 ①② “五斗米道”是東漢順帝時沛國人張道陵在四川青城山創(chuàng)立的，因入道受教必須交納五斗米，因之而得名。《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第174—175頁。③《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第176頁。④《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第175頁。⑤ 據(jù)有關(guān)資料和講解員介紹，宮門上“上清宮”三字為蔣介石所題寫。名山”、“青城第一峰”等摩山石刻①。其后山景區(qū)更有神秘的洞、大蜀王遺跡、遍布山中的飛瀑淵潭、曲橋棧道，頗具原始野趣。自中國道教在青城山創(chuàng)建以來，道脈繁衍，逐步從山中擴(kuò)大到山外乃至全國，以后歷代龍虎山的天師多來青城山朝祖。晉時青城山為巴蜀道教中心。青城山道士杜光庭對老子理論進(jìn)行注釋和傳播，對道教理論進(jìn)行研究整理，被道教界稱為“扶宗立教，天下一人”?，F(xiàn)在青城山仍是弘揚(yáng)中國道教文化的主要場所。中國道教協(xié)會于1995年在青城山舉行中國第二次全真派傳戒教務(wù)法會，全國各大道教名山住持參加傳戒。青城山住持、中國道教協(xié)會會長傅圓天被推舉為“全真律壇嗣天仙正宗第23代傅圓天大律師”②。總之，青城山是中國道教創(chuàng)立的圣地，它按照中華民族獨(dú)特的文化形態(tài)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新，逐步發(fā)展壯大，使之成為中國的國教，具有突出的文化價值和前所未有的開創(chuàng)性。

三

都江堰青城山的英文名為:Tht Dujiangyan Irrigationg System and Mt.Qingcheng，是中國首批公布的風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)之一。2000年11月29日，在澳大利亞凱恩斯召開的聯(lián)合國第24屆世界遺產(chǎn)委員會上，根據(jù)文化遺產(chǎn)遴選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C(II)(IV)(VI)，都江堰、青城山被列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。世界遺產(chǎn)委員會對青城山與都江堰的總體評價是：青城山是中國道教的發(fā)源地之一，屬于道教名山。建福宮，始建于唐代，規(guī)模頗大。天然圖畫坊，是清光緒年間建造的一座閣。天師洞，洞中有“天師”張道陵及其30代孫“虛靖天師”像?，F(xiàn)存殿宇建于清末，規(guī)模宏偉，雕刻精細(xì)，并有不少珍貴文物和古樹。建于公元前3世紀(jì)，位于四川成都平原西部的岷江上的都江堰，是中國戰(zhàn)國時期秦國蜀郡太守李冰及其子率眾修建的一座大型水利工程，是全世界迄今為止，年代最久、唯一留存、以無壩引水為特征的宏大水利工程。2200多年來仍發(fā)揮著巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，李冰治水，功在當(dāng)代，利在千秋，不愧為文明世界的偉大杰作，造福人民的偉大水利工程③。

依據(jù)全國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)管理辦法嚴(yán)格管理。1982年青城山、都江堰被國務(wù)院公布為第一批“全國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)”后，當(dāng)?shù)卣趪?yán)格按照全國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)保護(hù)辦法進(jìn)行管理的同時，出臺了《四川省都江堰水利工程管理條例》等一系列實施全國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)管理的條例和辦法，確保青城山、都江堰世界遺產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。都江堰國家森林公園位于群山環(huán)抱的龍池盆地之中，盆周山地海拔在3500米以上，盆中龍池水面海拔1800米。巨大的相對高差決定了與眾不同的氣候特點(diǎn)和植被特點(diǎn)，由下而上，植物隨著高差垂直分布，層次分明美麗如畫。由于受到嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境保護(hù)，這里各類高等植物達(dá)3012種，名貴的珙桐、燦爛的杜鵑，及中國科學(xué)院建立的華西亞高山植物園內(nèi)的許多珍稀瀕危植物異彩紛呈，是我國重要的珍稀植物基因庫。在26平方公里的密林之中，動物種類也十分繁多，已知的就有11000余種，其中大、小熊貓、金絲猴、扭角羚、天鵝等國家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)動物，區(qū)內(nèi)大熊貓分為東西兩個山系繁殖種群，數(shù)量約達(dá)50—70只④。這些均超過臨近的峨眉山和同類遺產(chǎn)區(qū)，1994年被中國科學(xué)院列為全國生物多樣性“五大基地”之一⑤。山青水碧，風(fēng)光旖旎，被國外科學(xué)家譽(yù)為“自然博物館”、“天然動植物樂園”。獨(dú)特的地貌景觀，茂密的原始森林和優(yōu)美神話傳說，使之風(fēng)情獨(dú)絕，名聞遐邇。都江堰市被評為“中國歷史文化名城”、“中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市”，成為世界著名的旅游勝地。都江堰市是山水園林城市，擁有國家級森林公園、國家級野生動植物自然保護(hù)區(qū)，市域林木覆蓋率達(dá)70%，被評為“國家級生態(tài)示范區(qū)”；年平均氣溫15.2℃，空氣質(zhì)量和水質(zhì)常年保持國家一級水平，人均壽命77.1歲,比全國人均壽命高5.7 ①② 劉耀編著：《中國絕色風(fēng)景》，中國長安出版社2006年版，第280—281頁。《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第176頁。③ 《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第178頁；《中國文化遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編輯委員會：《中國文化遺產(chǎn)年鑒2006》，文物出版社2006年版，第77頁。④《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第178頁。⑤《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第176頁。歲，獲“天然氧吧”、“長壽之鄉(xiāng)”美譽(yù)。都江堰渠首傍城，5條河穿城而過，靈巖山城區(qū)矗立，山水城林堰相融，人與自然和諧，都江堰市獲“中國人居環(huán)境范例獎”、“迪拜國際改善居住環(huán)境良好范例獎”。

依據(jù)世界遺產(chǎn)管理規(guī)定加大對世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)力度。都江堰、青城山列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》后，都江堰市人民政府進(jìn)一步加大了保護(hù)力度，成立了都江堰市世界遺產(chǎn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，代表市委市政府對遺產(chǎn)地進(jìn)行保護(hù)、管理、監(jiān)測、規(guī)劃和監(jiān)督等。同時按照世界遺產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對環(huán)境進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的整治和完善。當(dāng)?shù)卣块T堅決落實監(jiān)測措施，加強(qiáng)對遺產(chǎn)地自然景觀、水文、地質(zhì)、大氣、文物古跡、生態(tài)環(huán)境等全面系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測，對破壞世界遺產(chǎn)的行為進(jìn)行堅決處理和糾正；進(jìn)一步完善項目報批程序，凡是遺產(chǎn)地保護(hù)范圍內(nèi)的重大建設(shè)項目，必須首先請專家論證，再按照規(guī)定程序報批。2002年開始實施的《四川省世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)條例》，第4條規(guī)定：“世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)堅持有效保護(hù)、統(tǒng)一管理、科學(xué)規(guī)劃、永續(xù)利用的原則。在保護(hù)的前提下，合理開發(fā)利用。”第7條規(guī)定：“世界遺產(chǎn)總體規(guī)劃，由其世界遺產(chǎn)地的縣以上人民政府組織編制，經(jīng)省建設(shè)行政主管部門會同有關(guān)部門審查同意后，報省人民政府按照規(guī)定程序?qū)徟??！雹佟端拇ㄊ∈澜邕z產(chǎn)保護(hù)條例》規(guī)定，禁止在世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)范圍內(nèi)建設(shè)污染環(huán)境、破壞生態(tài)和造成水土流失的設(shè)施，禁止進(jìn)行任何損害或者破壞世界遺產(chǎn)資源的活動；禁止在世界遺產(chǎn)核心區(qū)、保護(hù)區(qū)建設(shè)賓館、招待所、療養(yǎng)院及各種培訓(xùn)中心等建設(shè)項目和設(shè)立各類開發(fā)區(qū)、度假區(qū)。凡不符合總體規(guī)劃的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物和其他設(shè)施，必須限期拆除或者改造。譬如，2003年4月都江堰魚嘴上游修建電站，此事引起了當(dāng)?shù)卣母叨戎匾暫褪澜邕z產(chǎn)保護(hù)專家的強(qiáng)烈反對，社會各界和新聞媒介給予了廣泛的關(guān)注。為此，2003年8月29日四川省人民政府做出決定，未經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)不得進(jìn)行前期工作。從而及時阻止了在都江堰魚嘴上游修建電站的行為，使都江堰、青城山世界遺產(chǎn)的真實性和完整性得到了有效保護(hù)，人與自然的和諧發(fā)展得以永續(xù)傳承。青城山、都江堰已躋身中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市、國家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景區(qū)、國家自然保護(hù)區(qū)、國家生態(tài)示范區(qū)、全國衛(wèi)生城市、全國文化先進(jìn)市、國家歷史文化名城、國家文明風(fēng)景區(qū)、國家4A級景區(qū)、國家園林城市行列，全國愛國主義教育示范基地等，青城山景區(qū)已通過ISO14000環(huán)境管理體系認(rèn)證，國際性、現(xiàn)代化的生態(tài)文化旅游名城已具雛形。都江堰市是國家經(jīng)濟(jì)實力十強(qiáng)縣（市）文化名城、國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、全國文化先進(jìn)縣（市）、四川省綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實力十強(qiáng)縣（市），全國最早的優(yōu)秀旅游城市之一②。該市旅游資源豐富，都江堰、青城山、龍池三大景區(qū)，被評為全省旅游服務(wù)綜合目標(biāo)管理第一名。都江堰正在按照《四川省世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)條例》第14條③的要求，大力發(fā)展以旅游為龍頭的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，每年接待游客400萬人次以上，實現(xiàn)旅游綜合收入達(dá)10億元。近年來都江堰市與國際組織合作成功地舉辦了3次世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和生物資源多樣性保護(hù)知識培訓(xùn)班，邀請國內(nèi)外世界遺產(chǎn)專家和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)專家對有關(guān)部門的基層干部及遺產(chǎn)地村民進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，極大地增強(qiáng)了廣大干部和市民的遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)意識，提高了保護(hù)世界遺產(chǎn)和生物多樣性的自覺性。

摘自宋才發(fā)著：《中華民族文化遺產(chǎn)及鑒賞研究》（上卷），民族出版社2011年版，第397-410頁

①②《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒》編纂委員會編：《中國世界遺產(chǎn)年鑒2004》，中華書局2004年版，第340頁。

劉剛：《都江堰市概述》，《世界文化遺產(chǎn)—青城山、都江堰》，中國三峽出版社2001年版，第2頁。③《四川省世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)條例》第14條規(guī)定：“按照世界遺產(chǎn)總體規(guī)劃確定的旅游環(huán)境容量，世界遺產(chǎn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)可以對世界遺產(chǎn)核心區(qū)、保護(hù)區(qū)采取分區(qū)封閉輪休制度，限制游人數(shù)量，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。其具體方案由世界遺產(chǎn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)制定，并經(jīng)世界遺產(chǎn)地縣（市）人民政府審核，報上一級人民政府批準(zhǔn)，并予以公告?！?/p>

1998年8月5日，宋才發(fā)教授實地調(diào)研考察四川都江堰文化景觀

2014年1月31日，宋才發(fā)教授攜夫人夏桂霞教授在四川青羊?qū)m留影

1998年8月5日，宋才發(fā)教授實地調(diào)研考察四川青城山文化景觀

1998年8月4日，宋才發(fā)教授和兒子宋威在四川杜甫草堂留影

1998年8月4日，宋才發(fā)教授在四川杜甫草堂留影

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2014年1月27日，宋才發(fā)教授攜夫人夏桂霞教授在四川瀘沽湖留影