第一篇：四川概況導(dǎo)游詞

四川是中國(guó)西南地區(qū)的一個(gè)內(nèi)陸大省，地處長(zhǎng)江上游。全省面積48．5萬(wàn)平方公里，在全國(guó)各省、市、區(qū)中名列第5位(僅次于新疆、西藏、內(nèi)蒙、青海)，人口8500萬(wàn)，僅次于河南、山東，是中國(guó)第三人口大省。主要民族有漢、藏、彝、羌、回、苗等53種，其中人口在5000人以上的少數(shù)民族有13種，是中國(guó)第二大藏族聚居區(qū)，最大的彝族聚居區(qū)。

四川雖不靠海，又不沿邊，對(duì)外交通相對(duì)閉塞，但戰(zhàn)略地位十分重要。

在國(guó)內(nèi)，只要是受過(guò)中等教育的人，一提到四川就會(huì)立即想到：啊，那是“天府之國(guó)”’一個(gè)古老又富饒的地方!外國(guó)人了解四川，恐怕以下三個(gè)因素起了重要作用：一是當(dāng)代世界偉人、中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的總設(shè)計(jì)師鄧小平就出生在四川；二是四川的西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射基地不僅把中國(guó)的衛(wèi)星送上了天，而且還把美國(guó)生產(chǎn)的衛(wèi)星送上了太空，這不得不使許多外國(guó)人對(duì)四川另眼相看。三是四川是大熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)。為使外省人或外國(guó)人更透徹地認(rèn)識(shí)四川，我在這里給導(dǎo)游先生(女士)們說(shuō)說(shuō)四川的古今梗概。

天府之國(guó)歷史悠久

在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代，四川為巴、蜀兩個(gè)國(guó)家統(tǒng)治著，過(guò)去一般認(rèn)為是在商周時(shí)期(即公元前11世紀(jì)至前5世紀(jì))建立的國(guó)家。現(xiàn)根據(jù)廣漢三星堆出土的文物推斷，早在4000年前，蜀人就已經(jīng)在川西平原建立起了奴隸制國(guó)家?！度A陽(yáng)國(guó)志》說(shuō)：“蜀之為國(guó)，肇于人皇，至黃帝，為其子昌意娶蜀山氏之女，生子帝嚳，封其支庶于蜀，世為侯伯、歷夏、商、周，武王伐封，蜀與焉”。

以前認(rèn)為，這一記載多根據(jù)傳說(shuō)，不一定可信。三星堆文物的出土，人們才相信，蜀國(guó)的歷史至少應(yīng)向前推1000年。

“蜀”的名稱最早見(jiàn)于商代的甲骨文。蜀的祖先據(jù)說(shuō)是生活在黃河中上游的古代羌族的一支，他們沿岷江流域南遷進(jìn)人四川盆地，被稱為“氐族”，并在成都平原建立了自己的國(guó)家，傳說(shuō)中最早稱王的是蠶叢和魚(yú)鳧，以后是柏灌。到了杜宇王朝，正是中國(guó)的西周時(shí)期；開(kāi)明王朝則是中原的春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，公元前316年，泰國(guó)趁蜀國(guó)和巴國(guó)發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之機(jī)，派大將司馬錯(cuò)率軍南下，一舉滅掉了蜀國(guó)和巴國(guó)，使四川地區(qū)統(tǒng)一于中華帝國(guó)的版圖之內(nèi)，古代蜀國(guó)的歷史就此結(jié)束。此后，又因歷代帝王都將統(tǒng)治巴蜀的最高治所設(shè)在成都，而成都為古蜀都，“蜀”也就成了四川地區(qū)的地簡(jiǎn)稱。因此，三國(guó)時(shí)，劉備占據(jù)四川稱帝，史稱“蜀漢”；五代時(shí)，王建和孟知祥先后占據(jù)四川稱帝，史稱“前蜀”和“后蜀”。

關(guān)于“蜀”名稱的來(lái)歷，史書(shū)記載中有兩種說(shuō)法：一說(shuō)蜀就是蠶，是因古蜀王蠶叢教民栽桑養(yǎng)蠶，使四川成為中國(guó)最早養(yǎng)蠶的地方，因而得名。另一種說(shuō)法是，蜀是一種形態(tài)象蠶、但能螫人的毒蟲(chóng)，因此“蜀”很可能是商朝統(tǒng)治者對(duì)蜀人的一種賤稱。

巴族的記載最早見(jiàn)于殷墟甲骨文，叫“巴方”，大約生活在今陜西省漢水流域，以后逐漸向東南方向遷移，進(jìn)入今湖北清江流域和四川東部(大部分在今重慶市境)。關(guān)于“巴”名稱的來(lái)歷說(shuō)法不一：有說(shuō)是因川東兩條河流的形狀而得名；有說(shuō)是川東盛產(chǎn)的一種植物“巴茅”而得名；還有以蟲(chóng)、蛇之屬來(lái)解釋的。另有一種說(shuō)法是：古代巴人居石穴，川東人稱石為巴，因此得名。巴國(guó)建國(guó)的時(shí)間不詳，春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期經(jīng)常與楚國(guó)發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，因此都城不斷遷徒，合川、豐都、閬中、重慶都作過(guò)都城，以重慶的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)。

秦滅巴、蜀后，在四川推行郡縣制，在原巴蜀地區(qū)設(shè)置了巴郡和蜀郡。漢初增設(shè)了廣漢郡，·漢武帝元封5年(前106年)，在全國(guó)設(shè)13刺史部，四川地區(qū)為益州部。三國(guó)末年，魏滅蜀后，分割益州，另置梁州。兩晉和南北朝時(shí)期一直沿用梁、益二州建制。

唐太宗貞觀元年(公元627年)，廢除州、郡制，改益州為劍南道，梁州為山南道。唐玄宗開(kāi)元23年(公元735年)，劍南道又分為劍南西川節(jié)度和劍南東川節(jié)度，“川”字開(kāi)始在四川地區(qū)區(qū)劃名稱中出現(xiàn)。

宋朝為加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán)，對(duì)州縣大加減并，宋軍滅掉后蜀政權(quán)后設(shè)置西川路，開(kāi)寶6年(公元973年)，又分設(shè)峽西路；太平興國(guó)六年(公元981年)，又將西川路和峽西路合并為川峽路；宋真宗咸平4年(公元l001年)，將川峽路一分為四，目p益州路(后改成都府路)，梓州路(后改潼川路)、利州路(州治廣元)、夔州路(州治奉節(jié))，合稱為川峽四路，簡(jiǎn)稱“四川”路，這就是“四川”一名的由來(lái)。

元朝在各地設(shè)置行中書(shū)省，川峽四路全并成四川行中書(shū)省，“四川省”名自此問(wèn)世。

明、清時(shí)期，四川省建制未變，疆域已達(dá)川西高原和涼山地區(qū)。

民國(guó)時(shí)期，四川形成軍閥割據(jù)局面，行政建制極不統(tǒng)一。1935年，蔣介石勢(shì)力進(jìn)人四川后，把四川劃分為18個(gè)行政督察專(zhuān)員區(qū)及西康行政督察區(qū)；1939年，又將西康督察區(qū)和四川的17、18督察區(qū)合并為西康省，實(shí)行川、康分治，直到1955年撤銷(xiāo)西康省，將金沙江以東地區(qū)劃歸四川，四川省的西部省界最后確定下來(lái)。1997年3月，重慶市升格為中央直轄市，并將涪陵、萬(wàn)縣二市和黔江地區(qū)劃歸重慶。劃歸重慶市的土地面積共8．2萬(wàn)平方公里，人口3002萬(wàn)。

現(xiàn)在的四川省共有21個(gè)地區(qū)(市、州)轄縣(縣級(jí)市、區(qū))128個(gè)。

四川為何被稱為“天府之國(guó)”?

四川被稱為"天府之國(guó)”由來(lái)已久。這是由于它自身所處的獨(dú)特地理位置和優(yōu)越的自然環(huán)境所決定的，主要是：

1．歷史上所說(shuō)的“天府之國(guó)”主要是指四川盆地，并不包括現(xiàn)今的川西高原和川西南山地。四川盆地土地肥沃，氣候溫和、雨量充沛，特別是秦朝修建了都江堰水利工程之后，成都平原成了“水旱從人，不知饑饉”的“天府之土”，因而，成都平原成了中國(guó)歷史上農(nóng)業(yè)和手工業(yè)都十分發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)，成了中央王朝的主要糧食供給基地和賦稅的主要來(lái)源，故稱“天府”。

2．四川盆地周?chē)际浅缟骄X，交通閉塞，古稱“四塞之國(guó)”，在冷兵器時(shí)代，它具有易守難攻的特殊戰(zhàn)略地位，因而避免了歷史上很多次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的破壞，得到了一個(gè)相對(duì)安定的社會(huì)環(huán)境，這就更有利于它社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。歷史上許多有眼光的戰(zhàn)略家，如張良、諸葛亮等都把四川當(dāng)作可以立國(guó)的根基之地。唐朝中期和晚期，關(guān)中發(fā)生戰(zhàn)亂時(shí)，唐玄宗和唐僖宗都是逃到四川成都避亂，當(dāng)時(shí)的成都，在他們眼里正是一片笙歌宴舞之地，當(dāng)然就要被稱為“天府之國(guó)”了。

那么，“天府之國(guó)”的名稱到底是怎么得來(lái)的?據(jù)考證，“天府”一詞最早見(jiàn)于《周禮》，本是一種官名，其職責(zé)是“掌祖廟之守藏，與其禁令。凡國(guó)之玉鎮(zhèn)、大寶藏器焉，若有大祭大喪，則出而陳之，既事而藏之”?？梢?jiàn)，“天府”是專(zhuān)門(mén)保管?chē)?guó)家珍寶、庫(kù)藏的一種官史，后人用以來(lái)比喻自然條件優(yōu)越，形勢(shì)險(xiǎn)固，物產(chǎn)富饒的地方。最早見(jiàn)于文字記載的是《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策·秦策》中記述縱橫家蘇秦對(duì)秦惠王說(shuō)的一段話：“大王之國(guó)，田肥美，民殷富，戰(zhàn)車(chē)萬(wàn)乘，奮擊百萬(wàn)，沃野千里，蓄積饒多，地勢(shì)形變，此所謂天府，天下之雄國(guó)也”。秦末漢初，張良在論證定都關(guān)中時(shí)說(shuō)：“關(guān)中左崤函，右隴蜀，沃野千里，此所謂金城千里，天府之國(guó)也”（《史記·《留侯世家》）。

以上說(shuō)的“天府之國(guó)”主要是指關(guān)中平原是富庶之地。歷史上最早稱四川為“天府”出自諸葛亮的《隆中對(duì)》：“益州險(xiǎn)塞，沃野千里，天府之土，高祖因之，以成帝業(yè)”。漢代的益州包括今四川盆地和漢中盆地。晉代著名史學(xué)家常璩在所著《華陽(yáng)國(guó)志》中稱：“蜀沃野千里，號(hào)稱“陸海”，旱則引水浸潤(rùn)，雨則杜塞水門(mén)，故記曰：水旱從人，不知饑饉，時(shí)無(wú)荒年，天下謂之天府也”。

“天府之國(guó)”在歷代文人學(xué)者筆下逐漸成了四川盆地的代名詞，后來(lái)還進(jìn)入了中學(xué)教科書(shū)，因而成為家喻戶曉的一條地理常識(shí)。巴山蜀水風(fēng)光無(wú)限四川的地勢(shì)與中國(guó)的地勢(shì)相擬：西高東低。長(zhǎng)江自西向東橫貫而過(guò)，黃河亦在川西北掛角而去。四川西部被稱為川西高原，是青藏高原的邊緣部分，高寒少雨，地廣人??；東部為四川盆地，面積達(dá)16．2萬(wàn)平方公里，是著名的中國(guó)四大盆地(其他三個(gè)盆地分別是：塔里木盆地、準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地、柴達(dá)木盆地)中最富饒多姿的一個(gè)。

四川盆地的邊緣由東邊的巫山，南邊的大婁山、大涼山、西邊的邛崍山、岷山、北邊的大巴山、米倉(cāng)山等連結(jié)而成。境內(nèi)的河流大都從這些山地中流出匯入長(zhǎng)江。因大巴山、巫山、大婁山界內(nèi)屬古代巴國(guó)地域，以山地、丘陵為主；以成都平原為中心為古蜀地域，四川的主要河流大都從這里經(jīng)過(guò)流人長(zhǎng)江，故歷史上習(xí)慣于把四川的山水簡(jiǎn)稱“巴山蜀水”。

古人說(shuō)：“天下山水之觀在蜀”，巴山蜀水，絢麗多姿，自古為文人學(xué)士所景仰。且盆地四周山脈構(gòu)造各異，景觀獨(dú)特。盆地東緣山脈——巫山山脈，現(xiàn)屬重慶市地域，中國(guó)最大的河流長(zhǎng)江自西向東橫切巫山，形成舉世聞名的長(zhǎng)江三峽，壯麗多姿，被稱為中國(guó)的山水畫(huà)廊。盆地南緣山脈，指宜賓到奉節(jié)的長(zhǎng)江以南山地，主要山脈有大婁山、七曜山、武陵山等，是境內(nèi)峰林、溶洞、槽谷、落水洞，暗河等巖溶地貌發(fā)育最典型的山地。區(qū)域內(nèi)有金佛山、四面山，蜀南竹海風(fēng)景區(qū)、興文石海洞鄉(xiāng)，筠連溶洞，重慶的萬(wàn)盛石林、武隆溶洞等巖溶地貌景觀。盆地西緣山脈——龍門(mén)山、邛崍山。龍門(mén)山是廣元到都江堰市之間、岷江以東許多山脈的總稱，主要山脈有九頂山、茶坪山和龍門(mén)山，屬岷山的東南延伸部分，是一條褶皺斷塊山脈，也是四川各時(shí)代地層發(fā)育最全的山脈。境區(qū)內(nèi)有九峰山、瑩華山風(fēng)景區(qū)，龍池國(guó)家森林公園等自然景觀和唐家河自然保護(hù)區(qū)。龍門(mén)山還是岷江和沱江的天然分水嶺。

邛崍山是都江堰市到天全縣一線岷江以西山地的總稱，主要山脈有巴朗山、夾金山和二郎山等，是四川盆地和青藏高原的天然地理分界線和農(nóng)業(yè)界線：東部為農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)，西部為半農(nóng)半牧區(qū)。這里有冰川分布，生息著大熊貓、金絲猴等珍稀動(dòng)物，有著名的臥龍、蜂桶寨、喇叭河等自然保護(hù)區(qū)；有青城山、西嶺雪山、峨眉山、蒙山、夾金山等風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)和瓦屋山國(guó)家森林公園。盆地北緣山脈——米倉(cāng)山和大巴山，總稱大巴山脈，是秦嶺的東南分支，是四川盆地和漢中盆地的界山，也是嘉陵江和漢水的分水嶺。大巴山東西綿延500多公里，故有“千里巴山”之稱，是四川盆地北部的天然屏障，它阻止了北方的冷空氣南侵，對(duì)四川盆地冬暖春早氣候的形成起了重要作用。區(qū)域內(nèi)有以溶洞景觀為主的諾水河風(fēng)景區(qū)和以奇峰峽谷為主要景觀的光霧山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。大巴山還是古代四川通向中原的陸路交通要道，保留至今的還有金牛道、五丁峽、明月峽棧道，以及米倉(cāng)道、陳倉(cāng)道等古戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)遺跡。

川西高原山地有：大涼山，介于四川盆地與川西南山地之間，是大、小涼山的總稱，是我國(guó)東部濕潤(rùn)亞熱帶氣候和西部干濕交替亞熱帶氣候的分界線，因而東西的動(dòng)植物區(qū)系截然不同，東北坡產(chǎn)大熊貓，有大風(fēng)頂自然保護(hù)區(qū)和螺髻山、瀘山等風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，又是我國(guó)最大的彝族聚居區(qū)。

沙魯里山，位于甘孜、涼山州西部，是金沙江和雅礱江的天然分水嶺。主要山脈有雀兒山、索龍山、海子山、木拉山等，南北綿亙500—600公里，向南伸入云南境內(nèi)，東西寬200多公里，是四川最長(zhǎng)、最寬的山系。這里是四川冰川、湖群最集中的地區(qū)，僅理塘至稻城間就有400多個(gè)。被譽(yù)為“最后的香格里拉”的亞丁自然保護(hù)區(qū)就在稻城縣境內(nèi)。

大雪山，位于甘孜州東部，是大渡河和雅礱江的分水嶺，由北向南有黨嶺山、折多山、貢嘎山、紫眉山等，南北延伸400多公里，是橫斷山系主要山峰之一。貢嘎山主峰海拔7556米，是四川最高的山峰，被稱為“蜀山之王”，也是古冰川發(fā)育最完全的山地。著名的貢嘎山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，海螺溝冰川公園是中外游客向往之地。大雪山是四川境內(nèi)重要的地理分界線，東部西部的地貌、氣候、農(nóng)業(yè)和民族都有很大差別，四川西部的所謂“關(guān)內(nèi)”和“關(guān)外”以此山為界。

岷山，位于四川西北部川甘兩省邊境，南北長(zhǎng)500多公里。四川境內(nèi)是岷山的中南段，主要山脈有紅崗山、羊拱山、鷓鴣山、雪寶頂?shù)取ａ荷街懈呱胶瓷醵?，著名的有九寨溝、黃龍牟尼溝等。另有四姑娘山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。還有唐家河、王朗、白河、白水河等6個(gè)大熊貓自然保護(hù)區(qū)。岷山還是岷江、涪江、白龍江(嘉陵江上源)和黃河支流白河、黑河的分水源地。

四川西部高原山地是紅軍長(zhǎng)征走過(guò)的地方，現(xiàn)大渡河邊、夾金山脊、大雪山、紅原草地、千里岷山都留下了不少紅軍長(zhǎng)征遺跡。因此，中央在松潘川主寺修建了紅軍長(zhǎng)征紀(jì)念碑園。這里是“重走長(zhǎng)征路”旅游線路最驚險(xiǎn)、絕妙的地段。

四川境內(nèi)河流眾多，有大小河流近千條，主要河流水系有：金沙江水系。金沙江是四川同西藏的界河，四川境內(nèi)的流域面積有20萬(wàn)平方公里，是一條峽谷型河流，水能資源約占整個(gè)長(zhǎng)江的43％，流域內(nèi)的森林蓄積量占四川的48％。也是省內(nèi)自然生態(tài)保存完好和藏民族風(fēng)情獨(dú)特的地區(qū)。其中最大的支流雅礱江，全長(zhǎng)1500公里（四川境內(nèi)1375公里），由于河床狹窄、岸陡谷深，水力資源十分豐富。在攀枝花市境內(nèi)建成的二灘電站是中國(guó)目前最大的水力發(fā)電站，所形成的二灘水庫(kù)是目前四川最大的內(nèi)陸湖，已成為水上旅游場(chǎng)地。

岷江水系。岷江發(fā)源于岷山弓杠嶺和郎架嶺，全長(zhǎng)735公里，也是長(zhǎng)江上游最大的一條支流，都江堰以上為上游，水力資源豐富，茂縣、汶川一帶為羌族聚居區(qū)；都江堰至樂(lè)山為中游，是成都平原主要灌溉水系；樂(lè)山至宜賓為下游，以航運(yùn)為主。岷江有大小支流90余條，最大的支流大渡河，全長(zhǎng)1150公里，比岷江正流還長(zhǎng)415公里，水力資源十分豐富，是四川漂流旅游的主要河流。還有青衣江，古稱平羌江，沿途多風(fēng)光名勝，著名的有碧峰峽、中巖風(fēng)景區(qū)及平羌江小三峽等景觀。沱江水系。沱江又名外江、中江，因《史記》“岷山導(dǎo)江，東別為沱”的記述而得名，沱江上游有綿遠(yuǎn)河、石亭江、湔江三個(gè)源頭，均發(fā)源于九頂山。沱江進(jìn)入成都平原后，由岷江水系分出的柏條河、青白江于金堂匯入沱江，所以沱江與岷江被稱為“雙生”河流，金堂以上為上游，資中以下為下游，最后在瀘州注入長(zhǎng)江，全長(zhǎng)702公里。沱江的主要支流有10條，流域面積約3萬(wàn)平方公里。沱江主要流經(jīng)盆地丘陵地區(qū)，是古蜀文化最集中地域之一，主要有廣漢三星堆遺跡，成都附近的三國(guó)蜀漢遺跡、資中古城、自貢恐龍、鹽都遺跡等。

嘉陵江水系。嘉陵江古稱閬水、渝水，嘉陵一名出自陜西省西鳳縣的嘉陵谷。上源有白龍江、西漢水。白龍江發(fā)源于四川若爾蓋縣的郎木寺，西漢水發(fā)源于秦嶺，略陽(yáng)兩河口以下稱嘉陵江，兩江在昭化匯合，全長(zhǎng)l120公里，流域面積16萬(wàn)平方公里，流經(jīng)廣元、南充、廣安，到重慶市注入長(zhǎng)江。昭化以上為上游，昭化至合川段為中游。嘉陵江支流眾多，最大的兩條是涪江和渠江。涪江發(fā)源于岷山雪寶頂，流經(jīng)綿陽(yáng)、德陽(yáng)、遂寧、廣安等川中丘陵地區(qū)，全長(zhǎng)700公里；渠江發(fā)源于大巴山，又稱潛水，流經(jīng)巴中、達(dá)州，至渠縣三匯鎮(zhèn)始稱渠江，全長(zhǎng)720公里；兩江均于合川與嘉陵江匯合。嘉陵江是四川水路運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕恿?，僅干流流經(jīng)的13個(gè)縣市的運(yùn)輸量即占四川內(nèi)河航運(yùn)量的1/4。嘉陵江流域是四川古蜀道遺跡和三國(guó)蜀漢遺跡分布最集中的區(qū)域，是四川北部和東部的一條重要旅游線路。

巴蜀大地資源富集四川是中國(guó)資源最富集的省份之一，可稱為中國(guó)西部的資源大省。就土地資源而言，四川的耕地、林地、草地、水面資源在全國(guó)都占有比較重要的位置。其中，耕地面積456.04萬(wàn)公頃，是中國(guó)著名的糧食生產(chǎn)基地和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物生產(chǎn)基地；林地面積約占土地面積的30%左右，森林主要分布于江河上游。從1963年開(kāi)始，四川經(jīng)過(guò)30多年的努力，已建成森林和野生動(dòng)物類(lèi)型的自然保護(hù)區(qū)40處，總面積233.4萬(wàn)公頃，占全省土地面積的4.81%。全省森林蓄積量13.9億立方米，占全國(guó)的1/6，是中國(guó)第三大林區(qū)。四川的草原、草坡面積約1600多萬(wàn)公頃，特別是西部的紅原、若爾蓋草原是中國(guó)五大牧區(qū)之一。

就動(dòng)物資源而言，全省有維管束植物9000多種，約占全國(guó)的1/3，是一個(gè)天然基因庫(kù)；動(dòng)物資源中僅脊椎動(dòng)物就有1100多種，約占全國(guó)的40%；鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和珍稀動(dòng)物約占全國(guó)的一半。資源植物全省有4000種以上。

其中，中藥材品種多、產(chǎn)量大，是中國(guó)三大中藥材生產(chǎn)基地之一。珍貴植物達(dá)100種以上，水杉、銀杉、珙桐、樹(shù)蕨等被稱為植物中的“活化石”；珍稀動(dòng)物有大熊貓、金絲猴、牛羚等，其中大熊貓還是四川的特產(chǎn)動(dòng)物，四川因此被稱為“熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)”。

四川的水能資源十分豐富，蘊(yùn)藏量達(dá)1.5億千瓦，僅次于西藏，居中國(guó)第二位；可開(kāi)發(fā)的水能資源量1.1億千瓦，占中國(guó)總量的24%，居中國(guó)首位。

四川也是中國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資源最富集的省份之一,，有“世界地質(zhì)博物館”的雅稱。目前已找到的礦產(chǎn)有132種，已探明工業(yè)儲(chǔ)量的有94種。四川礦產(chǎn)蘊(yùn)藏的特點(diǎn)是：相對(duì)集中且伴生礦多，在地區(qū)范圍內(nèi)礦種組合好、配套程度高。其中，釩、鈦、鈣、芒硝、螢石、天然氣、硫鐵礦儲(chǔ)量居中國(guó)第一位。攀西地區(qū)是黑色，有色金屬和稀土礦的集中產(chǎn)地。

四川還是中國(guó)的旅游資源大省。全省有黃龍、九寨溝兩處風(fēng)景區(qū)被列入世界自然遺產(chǎn)名錄（截至目前為止，全國(guó)只有3處）；峨眉山、樂(lè)山大佛被列入世界自然和文化雙遺產(chǎn)名錄（截至目前為止，全國(guó)也只有4處）；另有青城山、都江堰正在申報(bào)世界自然和文化遺產(chǎn)。目前四川有全國(guó)重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)9處(全國(guó)有120處)，是全國(guó)重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)最豐富的省分之一；有國(guó)家級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位40處；有國(guó)家歷史文化名城7座；另有省級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)44處，省級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位300個(gè)。

天府之土經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮

四川是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)較早的地區(qū)之一，尤其是成都平原，自古就是中國(guó)的糧倉(cāng)。遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期，四川人就學(xué)會(huì)了栽桑養(yǎng)蠶，到漢代，成都的織錦業(yè)已發(fā)展成專(zhuān)門(mén)的手工業(yè)，國(guó)家設(shè)有專(zhuān)門(mén)官吏管理織錦業(yè)，蜀錦成為朝庭的主要貢品，并通過(guò)絲綢之路遠(yuǎn)銷(xiāo)到中亞和地中海一帶；四川的制鹽業(yè)、冶鐵業(yè)在漢代已具有相當(dāng)規(guī)模。隋唐時(shí)期，四川的糧食生產(chǎn)已自給有余，據(jù)史書(shū)記載，武德二年“運(yùn)劍南米，以實(shí)京師”，又以“劍南義倉(cāng)米百萬(wàn)石救饑人”。

經(jīng)濟(jì)作物方面，四川的葶麻種植已具有相當(dāng)規(guī)模，僅貢麻織品就有綿布、葛布、筒布、彌牟布等很多品種；四川是茶葉生長(zhǎng)的發(fā)源地之一，很早就發(fā)明了烘焙之法，境內(nèi)名茶輩出，尤以蒙頂?shù)氖ㄌ?hào)稱第一，有“揚(yáng)子江中水、蒙山頂上茶”之譽(yù)；制鹽業(yè)、造紙業(yè)在漢唐時(shí)期已很發(fā)達(dá)，當(dāng)時(shí)四川生產(chǎn)的黃、白麻紙供朝庭書(shū)寫(xiě)文書(shū)和詔書(shū)的專(zhuān)用紙，成都制的蜀箋紙更是聞名全國(guó)。經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展使四川成為歷代王朝的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)基地。據(jù)唐代陳子昂的《蜀州安危疏》稱：“國(guó)家有巴蜀，是天府之藏，自隴西及河西諸州，軍國(guó)所資，郵驛所給，莫不取辦于蜀，此誠(chéng)國(guó)之珍府”。

宋元時(shí)期，四川的農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)都得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，織錦業(yè)出現(xiàn)了官營(yíng)的織錦工場(chǎng)；隨著制紙業(yè)的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了雕板印刷業(yè)；井鹽開(kāi)采技術(shù)方面發(fā)明了卓筒井的鑿井工藝，使用了沖擊式鉆頭。商業(yè)更加發(fā)達(dá)，成都每月都有專(zhuān)業(yè)市場(chǎng)，并出現(xiàn)了商業(yè)資本。明清時(shí)期，四川經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)是：生產(chǎn)品種和經(jīng)濟(jì)門(mén)類(lèi)不斷增多，普遍開(kāi)始種棉花；礦業(yè)方面，除鐵的生產(chǎn)外，金、銀、銅的開(kāi)采業(yè)也發(fā)展起來(lái)；絲織業(yè)出現(xiàn)了地域分工，資本主義萌芽性質(zhì)的手工工場(chǎng)具備了相當(dāng)規(guī)模；商業(yè)資本開(kāi)始滲入到手工業(yè)部門(mén)。

四川現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)是：經(jīng)濟(jì)總量指標(biāo)較高，在中國(guó)尤其是西部地區(qū)占有舉足輕重的地位，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量占西部l0省、市、區(qū)總量的1/3。但四川有8000多萬(wàn)人口，所以人均水平仍然較低，貧困地區(qū)數(shù)量不小。

四川最突出的經(jīng)濟(jì)成果是解決了8000多萬(wàn)人的吃飯問(wèn)題。糧食總產(chǎn)量占中國(guó)西部10省、市、區(qū)總和的1/3以上，人均糧食占有量保持在400公斤以上。四川還是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)作物生產(chǎn)基地之一，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品除滿足本省需求外，還有糧食、油料及其他經(jīng)濟(jì)作物產(chǎn)品大量外銷(xiāo)，其中尤以豬肉外調(diào)約占全國(guó)的l/3左右，一時(shí)有“川豬安天下”之說(shuō)。

四川的主要糧食生產(chǎn)基地是川西平原的溫江等23個(gè)縣，糧食總產(chǎn)量約占全省的14％；棉花生產(chǎn)基地則是川中和川北的金堂、中江等19個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))，其總產(chǎn)量占全省的90％以上；甘蔗生產(chǎn)基地集中在內(nèi)江、南克、攀枝花的20余縣(市、區(qū))，其產(chǎn)量占全省70％以上；油菜生產(chǎn)集中在川西平原；芝麻生產(chǎn)集中在達(dá)州和宜賓等地；烤煙生產(chǎn)在涼山、宜賓；畜牧業(yè)則主要在川西高原牧區(qū)。

四川現(xiàn)代工業(yè)發(fā)展的第一次高潮是抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，由于四川易守難攻的地理位置而成為中國(guó)的大后方，不少兵工廠由沿海遷入，部分私營(yíng)企業(yè)也遷入四川，壯大了四川的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)；這一時(shí)期，四川的工業(yè)主要集中在重慶市。四川工業(yè)發(fā)展的第二次高潮是新中國(guó)成立后的“一五”和“二五”時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)家把建設(shè)重點(diǎn)放在成、渝兩市；“二五”時(shí)期，工業(yè)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目逐步向鐵路沿線和長(zhǎng)江兩岸分布，但成渝兩市的工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值仍占全省的60％以上。

四川工業(yè)發(fā)展的第三次高潮是60年代的“三線”建設(shè)時(shí)期。當(dāng)時(shí)，國(guó)家從戰(zhàn)備需要考慮，把從沿海到內(nèi)地的中國(guó)大陸劃分為一、二、三線地區(qū)，決定重點(diǎn)建設(shè)三線，四川作為三線建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)地區(qū)，大量的工業(yè)企業(yè)、軍工企業(yè)（后均轉(zhuǎn)為民用產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)）和科研機(jī)構(gòu)遷入，從而奠定了四川雄厚的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。工業(yè)布局也在盆地內(nèi)部全面展開(kāi)，徹底改變了工業(yè)布局畸形發(fā)展的狀況，成渝兩地的工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值在全省所占比例進(jìn)一步下降，并涌現(xiàn)了一批新興工業(yè)城市，如寶成鐵路沿線的廣元、綿陽(yáng)、江油、德陽(yáng)、廣漢；成渝鐵路線上的資陽(yáng)、內(nèi)江、簡(jiǎn)陽(yáng)；成昆鐵路線上的樂(lè)山、西昌、攀枝花；襄渝鐵路線上的達(dá)川、萬(wàn)源；以及長(zhǎng)江沿岸的宜賓、白貢、瀘州等。

唐代是四川石窟藝術(shù)發(fā)展的鼎盛時(shí)期，保留到現(xiàn)在的還有廣元千佛崖、皇澤寺摩崖石刻、巴中南龕石窟、安岳石刻、夾江千佛崖、樂(lè)山大佛等。

宋元時(shí)期也是四川文化名人輩出的時(shí)代，《宋史》所載蜀人入列傳的就有185人之多，其中最耀眼的明星當(dāng)是蘇氏父子，特別是蘇軾，被稱為一代文豪。史學(xué)界也出現(xiàn)了范祖禹、范鎮(zhèn)、李燾、費(fèi)著等幾位大史學(xué)家，著名史書(shū)《資治通鑒》、《續(xù)資治通鑒長(zhǎng)編》、《新唐書(shū)》、《民族譜》、《成都志》等都凝聚著他們畢生的心血。宋代四川還有畫(huà)家文同、醫(yī)學(xué)家唐慎微、數(shù)學(xué)家秦九韶等出類(lèi)拔萃的人物。

明清時(shí)期，四川雖沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)唐宋時(shí)期那樣有名望的人物，但也出了不少人才，如文學(xué)、戲劇界的楊慎、費(fèi)密、彭端叔、李調(diào)元、張問(wèn)陶；思想家唐甄、劉光弟；書(shū)畫(huà)家竹禪、趙熙；科學(xué)家張鵬翻、張宗法等。

當(dāng)今的四川是中國(guó)的科研和教育基地。這里有舉世聞名的西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射基地，有中國(guó)最大的受控?zé)岷司圩冄b置——中國(guó)環(huán)流器一號(hào)，有中國(guó)西部的“硅谷”——綿陽(yáng)科學(xué)電子城。

四川擁有科技人員113萬(wàn)，其中，中國(guó)科學(xué)院、中國(guó)工程院院士36名，科技隊(duì)伍陣容名列中國(guó)前茅。中國(guó)測(cè)試技術(shù)研究院成都分院是中國(guó)西部規(guī)模最大的先進(jìn)計(jì)量測(cè)試機(jī)構(gòu)。中國(guó)工程物理研究院、中國(guó)空氣動(dòng)力研究與發(fā)展中心、中國(guó)燃?xì)鉁u輸研究所、西南磁學(xué)研究所等，是中國(guó)重要的高科技研究機(jī)構(gòu)。此外，四川還有200多所獨(dú)立的科研機(jī)構(gòu)和6800多所民營(yíng)科研機(jī)構(gòu)。在高新技術(shù)的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)上，四川實(shí)施了新興產(chǎn)業(yè)工程和改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)工程并舉的方針，目前正全面實(shí)施的“千億工程”，即是到本世紀(jì)末通過(guò)發(fā)展科技產(chǎn)業(yè)和推進(jìn)科技成果在全社會(huì)的應(yīng)用，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)值一千億元人民幣。

目前四川的教育是以近5萬(wàn)所小學(xué)，4500多所中學(xué)作保證的九年義務(wù)教育為基礎(chǔ)，占四川人口10％的青少年都能進(jìn)校接受義務(wù)教育。求職以后的成人亦可進(jìn)入50多所成人高校接受成人高等教育。400多所職業(yè)學(xué)校所進(jìn)行的職業(yè)技術(shù)教育則將教育與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最緊密地結(jié)合起來(lái)。全省的42所普通高等學(xué)校中，有中國(guó)目前規(guī)模最大的高等學(xué)府——四川大學(xué)，有中國(guó)著名的華西醫(yī)科大學(xué)、西南交通大學(xué)、成都電子科技大學(xué)等。

西部大開(kāi)發(fā)四川怎么辦

中國(guó)政府提出的西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略，給四川今后的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展提供了一個(gè)良好的機(jī)遇，同時(shí)也面臨著一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。四川在全國(guó)特別是西部地區(qū)所處地位十分重要，它既是中國(guó)東部向西部延伸的前沿，又是聯(lián)系中國(guó)西南和西北的重要橋梁和紐帶。四川的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量在西部起舉足輕重的作用，但與東部地區(qū)相比差距很大；四川是長(zhǎng)江上游重要的生態(tài)屏障，而目前的生態(tài)環(huán)境形勢(shì)問(wèn)題不少；四川還是中國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)資源的富集區(qū)之一，許多資源還有待開(kāi)發(fā)；四川又是擁有高科技和國(guó)防尖端工業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)的中國(guó)可靠戰(zhàn)略基地，如何發(fā)揮這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，促進(jìn)四川經(jīng)濟(jì)大發(fā)展，還有許多工作要做。

根據(jù)中央西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略，省委、省政府制定的今后10年發(fā)展目標(biāo)是：建成中國(guó)西部經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)省和長(zhǎng)江上游生態(tài)屏障，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)新的跨越。其中幾項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略性的指標(biāo)是：到2010年，全省1、2、3產(chǎn)業(yè)的比重將由現(xiàn)在的25：42：33達(dá)到15：45：40；全省城市化的水平達(dá)到30％以上；全省的森林覆蓋率達(dá)到30％；人口自然增長(zhǎng)率控制在0.7%以內(nèi)；全省高速公路通車(chē)?yán)锍踢_(dá)到2000公里；1、2、3級(jí)公路達(dá)到1.3萬(wàn)公里。2005年，全省通訊光纜鋪設(shè)達(dá)到10萬(wàn)公里；交換機(jī)容量2700萬(wàn)門(mén)；固定電話用戶達(dá)1900萬(wàn)戶；電話普及率達(dá)21.9％。

為實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo)，四川加速開(kāi)發(fā)的重點(diǎn)是：1．適度超前地進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)：即大力開(kāi)展以公路為中心的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)；加快電網(wǎng)、氣網(wǎng)、通訊網(wǎng)、廣播電話網(wǎng)的建設(shè)；加強(qiáng)水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。2．切實(shí)加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)。主要工作是：搞好天然林保護(hù)工程；認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行中央退耕還林還草工程；堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)施生態(tài)綜合治理；加快水污染和大氣污染治理的進(jìn)度。3．著力培育旅游支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，努力建設(shè)旅游大省。

主要工作是：進(jìn)一步完善旅游發(fā)展規(guī)劃；改善旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件；發(fā)揮旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的帶動(dòng)作用；切實(shí)提高旅游業(yè)全行業(yè)管理水平和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。4．大力推進(jìn)優(yōu)勢(shì)資源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用。水資源的開(kāi)發(fā)，爭(zhēng)取國(guó)家實(shí)施“西電東送”、“南電北送”的戰(zhàn)略；生物資源的開(kāi)發(fā)，搞好深度加工，形成產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)；搞好天然氣資源開(kāi)發(fā)，爭(zhēng)取把四川建成全國(guó)的天然氣化工基地；優(yōu)勢(shì)礦產(chǎn)資源的開(kāi)發(fā)，重點(diǎn)是釩、鈦資源和稀土資源的綜合利用。5．進(jìn)一步實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整，主要工作目標(biāo)是：進(jìn)一步調(diào)整國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)；積極培育和壯大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興產(chǎn)業(yè)；加速發(fā)展高科技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)；調(diào)整改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)；大力發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，以及加快國(guó)防尖端工業(yè)發(fā)展等。

第二篇：四川經(jīng)典導(dǎo)游詞

樂(lè)山大佛

The city of Leshan is less than one hour's ride from the Baoguosi Monastery at the foot of Mt.Emei.Leshan is the home of the Giant Buddha at the conflueence of the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers.It qualifies as the largest Buddha in a sitting posture in the world.You must board a riverboat for the best view of the Giant Buddha.The massive Buddha was carved out of a cliff face more than a thousand years ago, but now it is still well preserved in good shape, with his full and serene face.The Buddha is the largest Buddha in China,towering to 71m,with his 14.7m head,and 24m shoulders.The Buddha's ears are 6.72m long, insteps 8.5m broad, and a picnic could be conducted on the nail of his big toe, which is 1.5m long.This carving project was begun in 713.Each summer at that time the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers flowed down.As the ghree rivers met,turbu-lent waves strucd each other hard,boats capsized and boatmen vanished.There was a Buddhist monkby the name of Haitong in Lingyun Hill,who saw the situation and was determined to carve a giant Buddha out of the cliff face, hoping that the Buddha's presence would subdue the swift currents and protect the boatmen.Haitong started travelling along the Changjiang river and other areas in China to collect funds for the gigantic carving.Once an evil official attempted to obtain by force the money collected by Haitong.The monk refused him in strong terms.He said,“I'd rather gouge out my eyes than give a penny to you,”The official shouted in anger,“gouge your eye out now!”Haitong resolutely dug out one of his eyes.The monk's behavior in protecting the funding so greatly encouraged sculptors and other construction workers that the carving work went on smoothly.Unfortunately Haitong died before the completion of his life's work.However, this work continued due to the support of the local people as well as Weigao and Zhangchou Jianqing,the local top military commanders.The word took up 90 years until 803 when it was completed.Since then the Buddha has watched over the river traffic for more than a thousand years to offset the large number of serious accidents in the river.Modern Chinese question whether safer boat gravel is due to his presence or to sime later-day dredging.As you get close to the Buddha,we can find out some scattered holes im rows around the Buddha.They are remains of so Called the Giant Buddha Pavilion.It was a nine-storied building set up during the Tang Dynasty to shelter the Buddha.It was renamed as the Lingyun Pavilion with 13 stories during the Song Dynasty.Unfortunately it was destroyed by a war during the Ming Dynasty.Since then the Buddha remains outside in the open space.The Giant Buddha has lasted over a thousand years, and still survives in good shape.Why? First of all, according to the studies on the ancient construction of the Buddha,the cliff face the Buddha occupies enjoys topographical advantages.It is on the southern side of the hill,where verdant trees grow so well as to protect rocks and slope from erosion.Secondly although the Buddha seats bordering on the confluence of the three rivers, the immense statue is carved into the cliff face inside the hill,which alleviate the severe damage by wind and water erosion.Finally there is a water-drainage system,hidden from view.The system starts with 1021 fastened hairs, which conect one another at the bace of the bead.The end of the hairs inter-links the shoulders,joining the simple-patterned robe pleats carved on the body.The hairs,shoulders and pleats naturally reveal a complete system that carries away the entire surface water on the body, where the water disappears underground.It is worth making several passes at the Buddha.From the ferry pier on the island,you climba steep road and through Lingyun Temple to a vantage point for viewing the buddha.You can go to the top,opposite the head, and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the top,oppoosite the head,and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the different perspective viwepoints.A local boat passes by for a frontal view, which reveals two guardians in the cliff side, not visible from land,Wuyou Buddhist Monastery can be reached in 15 minutes by footpath from the Buddha,which is also from the Tang Dynasty with Ming and Qing renovations,Its layout is very similar to the other monasteries as we mentioned before.Walking along up Wuyou Hill,you can enjoy the quiet and beartiful scenery, The top of Wuyou Hill affords you a vision of an emerald-green tree forest, glazed golden tiles of the monastery roofs and the distant rivers.It would be a mistake to thind of Leshan as ome big Buddha, but it is wouth making a trip to Leshan,which will provide you with a pleasant picture made by the ancient Chinese sites and the beautiful nature being combined into a whole.武侯祠

China has a recorded history of some 3,600 years, beginning with the Shang Dynasty(16th——12th century BC).The first stage is the primitive society.The history was much associated with the supposed pre-Xia Dynasty(21th-16th centuy BC).The second major periob lasted from about 2,000 to 200 BC.The history dated the beginning of the slave society from the Xia Dynasty, which constituted the first Chinese state.The third stage extended all the way from 221BC, when Qin Shihuang united China, to the Opium War of 1840.Historical docments name the third period as the Feusal Imperial Rule.The feudal society in China passed through a period of disunity beginning at the Three Kingdom Period, and ending in shoet-lived Sui Dynasty(581——618), Western Jin(265——316)via Eastern Jin(317——439)and the Southern and Northern Dynasties(386——589).The following story occurred in the three Kingdom Period.At the rnd of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25——220)a gtrat peasant revolt happened.Many local officials developed into warlords to assisty the Han Emperor in suppressing the rebellion.During this period the watlotds took the opportunity to build uyp their own political and military strengty and made themselves into autonomous regional warlords.Finally the warlords carved the Han Empire into three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu.The populous episodic novel,The Romance of the Three Kingdoms traces the rise and fall of the three kingdoms and vividly depicts the turbulent social conditions at that time.The rulers of the three independent kingdoms struggled for supremacy.Cao Cao and his son established the kingdom of Wei at Loyang.He was in actual control of only the North China homeland.Two rivals soon proclaimed emperors themselves elsewhere.The kingdom of Wu with its capital in Nanjing occupied dChangjiang Valley, The kingdom of Shu was created with its capital in Chengdu.Ti was in the control of Sichuan and parts ojf the highland of south China.Wuhou Temple is much associated with the kingdom of Shu.It is the place to commemorate Zhu Geliang, Prime Minister of the kingdom.Wuhou was a top official title conferred upon Zhu Geliang after his death.It is unfortunate that no historical documents have recorded the time of its establishment.However, Du Fu, a top Tang Dynasty poet wrote a poem of kwhich two lines say as below:“Where would I find the Prime Minister's shrine?Somewhere outside Jinguan, in a dense cypress glade.”

This poem helps us infer that Zhu Geliang Temple was already in ezistence in the Tang Dynadty.During the Tang and Song Dynasties Zhu Geliang and Emperor Liu Bei had their independent temples in Chengdu, At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty the two temples merged into one.Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty the merged tempke was destroyed during war chaos.The present buildings date from the Qing Dynasty in 1672.The main entrance gate hangs a horizontal inscribed board.It says, “Han Zhaolie Temple”.Han refers to the kingdom of Shui;zhaolie was Liu Bei's posthumous title.The board indicates that the whole temple was built in honor of Liu Bei.But why do all the people call it Zhu Geliang Tempke instead of Han Zhaolie Temple? It is due to Zhu Geliang's invaluable historical contribution, and his political and military strategies to the development of the kingdom.In the view of the local peopoe his prestige far gan to call it Zhu Grliang Temple regardless of the emperor's dignity and the temple's original name.Gtadually more and more people accepted the new name of the temple through common practice.The temple compound consists of five mainbuildings: the Front Gate, the Second Gate, Kiu Bei's Hall, Zhu Geliang's Hall and Liu Bei's Tomb.The buildings are all located aling an imaginative axis line in a regular shape.Six huge stone tablets are flanked in the yard between the front and the second gates.Four of them were of the Qing Dynasty, one of the Ming and one opf the Tang.The tablets of the Qing state the storise about the reestablishment of the temple;the one of the Ming describes the development of the temple.The one of the Tang is far more famous than the other five.It was set up soon after Wu Yuanhen, a local top military commander in west Sichuan and his 27assistants worshiped Zhu Grliang in the temple in 809 during the Tang Dynasty.Pei Du,who served as a prime minister for his three Tang emperors ijn different times, composed an rssay associated with the worship.In the essay he eulogized Zhu Geliang for his great contribution to and his spare-no-efforts in unifying the whole China and the development of Sichuan, Liu Gingchuo, a well-known Tang calligrahist, copied the essay on the tablet according to the pattern of Liu's handwriting.The three well-known persons joined hands to perfect the tablet, so later in people called it “The Three Perfecdstion Tablet”.Inside the Second Gate is Liu Bei's hall.His statue stands behind the front altar, flanked by his son snd gtandson.To the right of the main shrine is a red faced image called Guan Yu;the left is General Zhang Fei, represented with a black face.Liu,Guan and Zhang are sworn brothers as prescribed in the novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.There are two galleries in the yard, which contain terracotta figures of the Qing Dynasty, 28 in all, generals on the right and minisiters on the lelt.During the Three Kingdom Period the rulers of the independent kingdoms fought each other for supremacy.This period was regarded as a romantic epoch of knightly dering-do.The site is just about holy to thousands of Three Kingdom enthusiasts.The well-loved figures in the temple are the historical source from which later novels and dramas have captured the imaginations of generations of Chinese readers and audience.Behind Liu Bei's hall is the second yard where Zhu Geliang's hall is located.Zhu Geliang's hallis obviously lower than Liu Bei's.Visitors bave to walk down several steps before they can get into the second yard.The disparity in the construction height displays the traditional Chinese hierarchical social system.Emperor is the son of Heaven.He is superior;and other people are inferior.On the top of the entrance gate of Zhu Geliang's hall hangs a horizontal wooden board,which says,“Eternal Glory All Over the World(名垂宇宙).”Many ancient couplets hang inside the hall, but the most famous one is right in the middle of the hall.It says,“能攻心則反側(cè)自消，從古知兵非好戰(zhàn)；不審勢(shì)即寬嚴(yán)皆誤，后來(lái)治蜀要深思。”

It means that try to persuade an enemy to stop his attack during a war and the war will then disappear.No soldier wants to fight since ancient times.Try not to forget to weigh the conditions and situation, ogherwise leniency and strict punishment will all fail.Those,who come to manage Sichuan,should think it over again.This couplet contains two stories.Once as Zhu Geliang was the general commander of the shu Kingdom, he was scheduled to attack the Wei Kingdom in north China.However, he was worried that the troops of the minorities might take a chance to harass the Shu Kingdom in southwest China.He came to tealize that the good relationship with the minorities was very important.So he went the southwestern area with his troops.Meng Huo(孟獲),the top leader of the minorities didn't accept Zhu Geliang's good-wish.He used his soldiers to fight against the groops from the kingdom.Zhu Geliang successfully defeated his attack and caught Meng Huo.Instead of punishing him,Zhu Geliang set him free.Then Meng Huo launched another attack and he met with the same defeat.Zhu Geliang set him a free again.On the seventh time after Meng Huo was caught,he prostrated himself before Zhu Geliang saying ghat he and his soldiers had given rp any atrelationship with the Shui Kingdoh.From then on the minority people and lf the Shui Kingdon lived in amity.The other story tells how Zhu Geliang streng-thened discipline.Once Zhu Gelian Launched another military campaign against the Wei Kingdom.In order to make the campaign successful Zhu Geliang ordered Ma Shu，his close assistant to garrison the Shu army troops in Jie Ting,a vital strategic place to fight the coming soldiers from the Wei.Ma Shu thought of himself highly and placed his troops on the top of a hill near Jie Ting.As result,the Wei army soldiers occupied the strategic place.Ma Shu and his soldiers were defeated.Zhu Geliang had to withdraw his troops back to ghe Shu Kingdom.His carefully arranged campaign thus failed.Ma Shu had a close relationship with Zhu Geliang due to his hardworking and his contribution to the development shui's army.Tears ran down Zhu Geliang's face when he ordered to execute Ma Shu for his error.The two storied displayed Zhu Geliang's flexible tactics in accordance with different occasions.More-over,Zhu Geliang used the same method to manage his government and the kingdom for the social stability and economic prosperity.The second yard,dedicated Zhu Geliang, has a bell tower on the right and a drum tower on the left of the entrance.A most unusual casting iron incense burner is in the imddle of the path, which leads to the hall.Zhu Geliang's statue,accompainied by his son on the right and his grandson on the left, stands in the middle of the hall.The statue is 2m high.Zhu Geliang is dressed in a golden overcoat with a feather fan in his hand.He looks as if he was still concerned about his kingdom and his local people.On the left side of Zhu Geliang's statue is a bronze drum, a relic dated back to the 5th century.Originally ancient minority groups in souhest China often used it as a cooket.Later it became a sort of music instrument for some special occasions.It was said that during Zhu Geliang's southwest expedition his soldiers used it as a cooker during the day and struck it at night as emergency approached.Zhu Geliang was renowned military strategist and statesman in the early three Kingdom period.A native of Shandong Province,he was living in Long Zhong,Hubei when Liu Bei went to his house three times.Liu Bei sincerely invited Zhu Geliang to join in reconquest of the Han Empire,but for the first two times it was said that Zhu Geliang was not at home.On the third time when Liu Bei met Zhu Geliang in his house,he agreed to assist Liu Bei.It was in his house that Zhu Geliangand Liu Bei had a dialogue relating to the current situation and reconquest of the Han Empire, In Liu Bei's hall hangs Zhu Geliang's ambitious “Long Zhong dialogue(隆中對(duì)）”and his “Letter To The Throne Before An Expedition”.Zhu Geliang served as Prime minister of the Shu Kingdom for twenty years.During his administration Zhu Geliang brought peace to the kingdom due to his northern and southern xepeditions.The local farming production and water conservancy has advanced.He died of his hard word conservancy has advanced.He died of his hard work at the age of 54.After his death people set up temples one after another to commemorate him in the areas where Zhu Geliang worked.He was generally regarded as an excellent example of administrators in Chinese feudal dynasties.To the west of the Zhu Geliang's hall is the site of ghe Liu Bei's tomb.It is 80m in circumference and 12m high,surrounded by a circular wall.For 1700 years the tomb has remained untouched, but what is inside is unknown.四川成都英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞(Sichuan Chengdu English tourguide word)Ladies, gentlemen, welcome your presence Chengdu Chengdu is the Sichuan provincial capital, the China historical city, the first batch Chinese outstanding traveling city, the national health city, the country the two supports the model city.In recent years, she by the urban construction and the ecological environment aspect achievement, successively has the honor to receive the United Nations to issue the person to occupy the prize and the best model prize two items.Chengdu was melts the ancient times civilization and the modern civilization to a body super city.She is rarely found in the world the treasure panda's hometown, also is the land of abundance center and the window.She by history glorious, cultural inside story sincere, the scenery gorgeous varied and the scenic spot historical site multitudinous and is world famous.The brocade city Rongcheng is Chengdu's alias;The cotton rose, the gingko are Chengdu's city flower and the city tree.Chengdu is located north western Sichuan in the plateau mountainous region and Sichuan between the knoll, west the topography is higher, middle and southeast area is the broad Chengdu plain, about average elevation 500 meters.Within the boundaries concurrently has the mountain scenery, the plain and the knoll America of, also climate temperate, rain water abundant, annual mean temperature 16 ℃ about, the precipitation approximately 1,000 millimeters, usually have the winter not severely cold, the summer does not have the intense summer heat the reputation, performs the land fertilely, water conservation advanced, the product is extremely bountiful, is always called the flood and drought from the person, does not know the hunger sincerely day government office pearl.Chengdu's whole city total area 123,900 square kilometers, the total population surpasses 10 million people, the area of jurisdiction dividees into 7 areas 4 cities(county level city), 8 counties.Namely Chinchiang area, goral area, Cheng Huaqu, Jin Niuqu, Wu Houqu, Qingbai Jiang area, Longquan post area;The Dujiang weirs city, Peng Zhoushi, honors the state city, the city;Wenjiang County, Xindu County, Shuangliu County, Dayi County, Xinjin County, Pi county, Jin Tangxian, Pujiang County.In addition, but also is equipped with the national level Sichuan Chengdu economic development zone and the Chengdu high-tech development zone.We generally said the Chengdu urban district refers to the town center spot five areas, is called for five cities.Other general designations city suburban counties.Chengdu on has as early as become the Suchuan race ancients activity in 10,000 years ago the center and the stage.The archaeological finds piles which in the urban district and Guanghan Tristar indicated, at least before 4000, the ancient Suchuan ancients use both hands which oneself industriously works, created in here had the bright region characteristic the ancient Suchuan civilization.About 2500 ago, the ancient Suchuan country enlightened dynasty the country all from the fence township(now Peng Zhoushi, Xindu County)moves reaching this point place, takes week too Wang Qianqi a year to become Yi, three year Chengdu this literary reference, chooses a name Chengdu.By now Chengdu already became the city which began to take shape.316 B.C., Qin Guoba the Sichuan brings into line with the domain, Chengdu is the Suchuan county capital.From now on after, Chengdu always is Sichuan area politics, the economy, the cultural center, all previous dynasties all for the county, the state, saves level of administrative areas to govern the institute and the military strategic place.During, Chengdu once around had 7 to establish a separatist regime the political power capital city to be located in this, they were, Western Han Dynasty last years Gongsun stated accomplishes the political power, A.D.when two centuries three countries west the dynasty, three centuries the Chenghan kingdom the political power, after around nine centuries and Suchuan the political power, the Northern Song Dynasty time peasant uprising Suchuan the political power and bright end Zhang Xianzhong established is big the political power.Chengdu has glorious and the bright industry and commerce development history, specially silk-weaving industry developed, famous crown China, sells in distant markets overseas.The Western Han Dynasty time, Chengdu because of economic boom into China five all one, the brocade already became the Han Dynasty at that time the important state treasury source of income.Chengdu was weaves the center, the royal government has established the brocade official city in this, the faction had the brocade official to carry on the management.This also is Chengdu is called the brocade city, circles the city but government office Nan River is called Chinchiang reason.the time, Zhuge Liang implements in Sichuan rests and builds up strength, supports the agricultural business the economic policy, Chengdu took the capital obtained a bigger development, left thought from the Jin generation Suchuan All Bestowed on the narration obviously at that time grand occasion.He said the shopping district meeting, deep pools of the ten thousand business, arrange in order the subterranean hundred miles, Luo four 11,000, drops bribes piles as high as a mountain, filament Li star numerous......The good general merchandise converges, crowd assembling's market transaction chart!The Tang Dynasty, Chengdu has raises as soon as benefits two the reputation, said she lively is only inferior to Chiangnan's Yangchow.To the Northern Song Dynasty time, Chengdu has become only Yu Bianjing metropolis.By now Chengdu, because is in the relative stability in the late Tang five generation of disputes in the situation, the worker and peasant trade all has the development, discussed the city trade to break through the traditional downtown streets pattern, has developed the special transaction market, not only had the city 內(nèi)東 south northwest comprehensive market, also had has monopolized the product the market, like the village market, the salty city, the mule city and so on, the downtown area also had the night market.Hereafter Chengdu has been through repeatedly Yuan, is bright, clear Zhu Chao and the Republic of China time, during although has the many times prosperity and decline rise and fall, but she takes the Sichuan economic center the status and.Chengdu also is in the history township of the famous craft is world-famous, includes the Chinese four given names to embroider, row of the four given names brocades;Chengdu's lacquerware manufactures, the craft finely is unique, is handed down for generations for all previous dynasties 名品, in the modern Chinese grave unearthed cultural relic many Chengdu lacquerware may testify;The Tang Dynasty Chengdu produces the thunder qin, laden with honors the nation, is regarded by the vocal music with the treasure;Chengdu's printing industry in Song Dynasty is national one of three big printing industry bases, has Song Shishu engraves the armor world the praise, the London museum hides in the Dunhuang copy clerk to have five generation of times Chengdu the wood engraving the calendar almanac, for world earliest wood engraving calendar almanac printed book;Chengdu's papermaking industry very is also famous, the Tang Dynasty Chengdu makes the profit state hempen paper is the official stipulation imperial edict, the book command uses the paper;Female poet Artemisia stelleriana Tao manufactures the letter paper to regard as by the writer poem guest the high-grade goods.Chengdu's golden silver thread product,the straw braid, also all has several hundred over a thousand years history.Chengdu is one of bright cultural birthplaces, also is the Sichuan culture and education key city, has the magnificent civilization.As early as in the B.C.E.more than 140 years, Suchuan county Wen Weng encouraged education in Chengdu, to set up the Chinese first regular government operated school, has developed the huge promoter action for Sichuan's culture.The Chinese bestows on four everybody, Chengdu will have Sima like, raises male two, a Jin generation of historian Country Will author Chang Qu, Tang Dynasty female poet Xue Tao, musician Duan Anjie, five pronoun people Ouyang bright, drawing master Huang Quan, the Song Dynasty scholar Great historic writings of politicization vice-Chief Editor Fan Zuyu, the Wei old man, medical scientist Tang Shenwei, the Ming Dynasty writer Yang Changan, the Qing Dynasty famous the Confucian the mountain clock has been auspicious, in addition modern literature great master Ba Jin, Ai Wu, people and so on Sha Ting all will be the Chengdu public figures.Certainly, accomplishes the Chengdu history of civilization also to have in the history the multitudinous external famous feudal official, scholar's tremendous contribution, Chengdu is in the history place of the cultural celebrities collection.Big poet Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can, Gao Shi, Wei Zhuang, Lu You, people's and so on big literary giant Su Shi all once made one's home in here, has left behind the large quantities of cultural heritage for the posterity, caused Chengdu the developed culture to enjoy a good reputation domestic and foreign.Concerns Chengdu the history and the development talk of history, we speak of here.Let me again for everybody says today Chengdu the present situation.Chinese culture Obtains the Chinese outstanding traveling city title as the first batch Chengdu, the traveling resources advantageous, what is most prominent is the culture, the panda hometown, the day government office scenery three big characteristics.Under, please let me separately summarize: Chengdu is the cultural place of origin.the culture is the Chinese culture important constituent.The Dujiang weirs awn city, the Wenjiang County fish 鳧 city, the Pi county three batardeaux, the new Tianjin fine horses old city and the neighbor Guanghan Tristar pile and so on the ruins explained that, the culture has the glorious history.Chengdu took several generation of ancient Suchuan dynasty the capital city and the Sichuan area capital, has bred the all previous dynasties how many distinguished persons, has many historical vestiges and the cultural treasure, only has 118 by all levels of governments public proclamation announcement protection key cultural relic unit whole city, nation key cultural relic preservation organ 9.More than 2,300 years ago construct Dujiang weirs large-scale hydraulic engineering, idea ingenious, computation precise, method wise, project grand, consummation of the function, science of the management, benefit long term, let the Chinese and foreign tourists which reaches this point for it fall all, she causes the Chengdu plain becomes the flood and drought from the person, the vast fertile area the day government office, has brought to Sichuan wealthy and is prosperous, by the reputation will be the alone wonderful eternity day government office Milky Way and treasure of the town Sichuan, will be the human civilization immortal masterpiece.is located in a Chengdu Nanjiao's dense green jade cypress, A.D.five centuries, are commemorates when three countries Prime Minister Zhuge Liang construct.This is the nation is biggest, preserves most complete , is in the Chinese multitudinous three countries vestige is only listed as the national key cultural relic unit.Collection extremely rich Chengdu , with peripheral other states, the city, the county rich culture landscape constitution three countries vestiges seeks the trace the gold welcome.The Du Fu thatched house is located the Chengdu western suburbs colored brook bank, the memento classical botanical garden which when Tang Dynasty big poet Du Fu is dwells away from home Chengdu in the former dwelling completes.Is the nation key cultural relic preservation organ.Du Fu's poetry, has the profound influence to the Chinese literature development, by the posterity reputation is the poetry of historical significance, he is revered is the poem saint.Thatched house extant each kind of Du poem edition, many kinds of writing translated edition, Du poem calligraphy work and other pertinent data 3,000 volume, cultural relic 2,000.The Du Fu thatched house not only studied Du Fu, the Du poem for the people has provided the precious material, moreover also was the Chinese and foreign public figure looks at reverently the Du Fu deceased remains the paradise.Chengdu's religious cultural relic very is also rich.Whole city existing Buddhist temple, Daoist temple, church nearly hundred.Dayi County's crane calls the mountain is the Chinese Taoism birthplace, and by blue city world the landscape is the national level scenery scenic spot area.In the urban district goral palace broad in scale, is the nation key cultural relic preservation organ.Hands down is old Mr.(namely father)sits the instruction magic arts place.The Chengdu Buddhist temple is multitudinous, most has the great reputation to have unusual brightness temple, the Confucian classics carved on stone temple, the greatly kind temple, the temple, the Manjusri courtyard and so on.Unusual brightness temple hands down constructs at the Eastern Han Dynasty, by reputation for Yangtze valley one of four big jungles.Other cultural relic historical sites, such as will look Cong Ci, the Wangchiang building, Ming Xi Wangling, forever the mausoleum, the Eastern Han Dynasty grave, the Goddess of Mercy temple mural, the Xinhai fall guarantee Lu Sishi the monument and so on, no longer 11 rows stated.Today Chengdu Today Chengdu, may say is both ancient and young, also is peaceful also prospers, west national implementation under big development strategic decision excellent situation, is raising the sail, is making great strides forward to the modernized metropolis goal.After new China had been established, ancient Chengdu has glowed the youth.The industry and agriculture production all has the development which progresses by leaps and bounds.Specially the 60's earlier periods, the country vigorously carries on three the construction, causes Chengdu basically forms take the machinery, the electron, the metallurgy, the chemical industry and as the main body industrial system, becomes west Sichuan and China the emerging industrial base.Since 1978, Chengdu entered the reform and open policy and the modernization new historical period, relies on its abundant economic basis and is situated at the mid-west union place geographical superiority, in during the short more than 20 years, has further developed into southwest China the local important science and technology, business trade, the financial center and the transportation, the communications center, one of China's super cities.Today Chengdu, does entire vertically and horizontally, the downtown width, the tall building stands in great numbers , the city's appearance is beautiful, the commercial service industry mesh point proliferates the whole city, the city synthesis service function strengthens day by day;Circles the city but government office Nan River, the process whole city people's five years struggle, comprehensively renovates announces a victory, present government office Nan River water qualitative change clear, both banks flowers and trees, the lawn, the sculpture, the pavilion pavilion and the packed side by side in rows modernized common people residence tall building serves as contrast to struggle the splendor, just like on the city neck is the jadeite necklace, it not only had the flood prevention, the environmental protection and the transportation function, but also became the leisure which the resident and the tourist most liked to go sightseeing the destination.Chengdu southwest took the local transportation communications center, the railroad has Cheng Yu, Paochi to Chengtu, Cheng Kun and achieves the railroad to connect to this;The road except Cheng Yu, Cheng Mian, Cheng Le, Cheng Ya, becomes fills outside the highway, but also some 3 federal highways passed, form take the Sichuan Shaanxi, Sichuan and Tibet, Sichuan Gan Hecheng changed, Cheng A and so on above 23 provincial levels the road as the backbone emission road network, Chengdu are one of national road most crowded cities;Chengdu is southwest the local biggest air harbor.The Shuangliu international airport is national one of four big spatial ports, has already cleared the international and domestic airlines more than 170 strip.Chengdu also is southwest one of local posts and telecommunications communication switching centers, and successively has established the correspondence relation with 160 countries and the area.The convenient transportation, the developed communication, Chengdu and each place closely connects in together, the frame got up Chengdu to the world each place bridge.Panda hometown Chengdu is panda's hometown.The Chengdu suburb has country forest park 4, panda ecology nature protection area 3.The world only saves 1,000 pandas, about 80% distribute in Chengdu and its are close to the area.The world biggest panda breeding research base also constructs in Chengdu.The Chengdu zoo is in the world the panda most cities zoo.You not only may understand the panda newest scientific research achievement as well as with the panda related background and the culture to the Chengdu traveling.You also may go to the Chengdu saddle sub-river, the Dayi Heishui River, Dujiang weirs city Hongkou, as well as the Baoxing bee barrel stronghold, panda habitat and the ecology nature protection area and so on protectorate, understands the nature scenery, tracks down panda's trail.Day government office scenery The day government office scenery is the attraction massive Chinese and foreign tourist comes Chengdu to go sightseeing a tour big characteristic resources.The day government office paradise, Chengdu , the unique place landform, accomplished Chengdu to be colorful, uniquely had the foreword the day government office scenery: Countryside, knoll, rivers and creeks, lake, canyon, high peak each charm, moreover the natural landscape, the humanities landscape and the rich folk custom character and style merges into one organic whole, the Xiu color beautiful scene, collects Cheng Daguan.Through the ages, did not know has how many writer literatis to praise Chengdu, really is nine days opens a Chengdu, ten thousand households thousand enter the painting, south the sword the scenery completely clear sunshine, nearby oar Chinchiang the world is thin, the lively abundant Li world does not have.Except a moment ago already has said outside the Dujiang weirs-Qingcheng scenic area, but also has take the virgin forest, flies the waterfall , the mountain day scenery and the snowy mountain pasture as west characteristic Dayi the range snowy mountain;Wonderful danger , ecology primitive Peng state nine Yi scenic area;Congeals , beautifully from natural honors the state Kowloon ditch;The Hushan is clear blue, winding lonesome and quiet Pujiang is exposed to the sun the lake;The Danxia Mountain scenery, immortal original Mt.Tiantai, as well as Jin Tang Tochiang River scenery, Long Chi wooded mountain marvelous sight and so on, all is which the hobby enjoys the beauties of nature goes sightseeing the tour, enjoys place of the natural ideal.The Chengdu plain countryside rural scenery bountiful is beautiful, the folk custom common social practice, remains richly, leaves the real appeal, is in the day government office scenery an amazing big beautiful scenery.Dayi County's Liu village original, Pi county's friendly affection township, Longquan's studio village, is the development the peasant family is happy the good destination which and the rural scenery swims.Dear friends, no matter you like any, you all may find satisfaction in Chengdu the destination.Wants to observe colored, here has the Longquan post the first day of the third lunar month, the Peng Zhou peony festival, the Hsintu;Wants to swim the lake, here has the scenery beautiful Chaoyang lake, the Longquan lake, Gui Hu and Bai Tahu;Wants the mountaineering, here has the high peak strange stone Longmen Mountain, precipitous male wonderful Mt.Tiantai, the fruit and flowers flutter fragrant dragon Quanshan;Must visit a park, here has the concentration world main landscape the world paradise, the Wangchiang park and the people's park;Wants to feel the common people residence culture flavor which Chengdu circulates, you may enter a strip the main street and small alley which connects by the innumerable central courtyards;Wants to understand the village small town plain, the tranquil natural scenery, you may arrive the Shuangliu yellow Longxi Guzhen, there ancient street， the ancient temple, the ancient amphibious wharf, the ancient battlefield, the ancient construction, the classical Chinese literature merge into one organic whole, or township of the Chinese procession of lanterns or torches;Wants to observe the play, you may march into the theater to appreciate the Sichuan play, to listen to that tactful and pleasing to hear high-pitched tunes, looked that unpredictable turns hostile, spits the fire and so on the Sichuan opera unique skill performance;Wants to judge tea, you may to a each style teahouse, the teahouse.The Sichuan teahouse special atmosphere, the covered teacup tea set and excellent mixes the tea technique, can enable you to feel the thick Chengdu tea culture the breath;Wants to eat the Sichuan cuisine, Chengdu is the orthodox school Sichuan cuisine birthplace, the Sichuan-style restaurant proliferates the whole city, the famous teacher gathers together, savors the orthodox school;Wants to eat the snack, the Chengdu snack renowned at home and abroad, the variety is many.The color fresh taste is good, excellent in quality and reasonable in price, the Dan Dan noodles, the clock boiled dumplings, the dragon won ton, Lai Tangyuan, the Han steamed stuffed bun, the husbands and wives lung piece and so on all is Chengdu the snack tradition, but the recent years rose the hot pot to catch up, were fashionable for a time.In brief a speech, eats in Chengdu, plays in Chengdu, swims in Chengdu has become the traveling amateur's mutual recognition.The friends, in the last few years, the Chengdu tourism obtained the considerable development.Specially what is worth mentioning west the big development, causes the Chengdu tourism the prospects for development to be broader.Chengdu by the richer traveling product, the better traveling environment, the higher quality traveling service, will greet the motherland and the world each place friends arrival, we believed everybody travel of the Chengdu certainly will be able to obtain complete and the happy feeling.Thanks everybody 都江堰英文導(dǎo)游辭

The Dujiangyan Dam, 45km rorth of Chengdu, is an ancient technological wonder of the country.More than 2000 yers ago, Li Bing(250-200BC), as a local governor of the Shu State, designed this water control and irrigation dam and organized thousands of local people to complete the project to check the Mingjiang River.For many years the river,flooded the Chengdu agricultural area and local farmers suffered a lot from the water disaster.Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically diverts the Mingjiang River and channels it into irrigation canals.For many years the dam has continued to make the most of the water conservancy works.Expansion has been undertaken since 1949 and at present the system does a good job of irrigating farming land across 33counties of the western part of Sichuan Province.Local people feel proud of the system becaude it has supported a large amount of people in their daily life.What makes this system so good?

The system is a large hydraulic water project which consists of three main parta: the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Fence, and the Bottle-Neck Channel.The Fish mouth functions to divide the flow of water into an inner river and an outer river.Long ago, when Li Bing worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous flood.Based on natural geographic conditions, he organized the people to build a man-made dam.The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth.It is the dam that channels water into an outer canal and an inner canal.The outer water canal functions as the main stream and holds sixty percent of water in the river.The extra water goes through the inner canal for irrigation in Chengdu areas.The Flying Sand Fence joins the inner and outer canals.The fence functions to controll the flow of water and discharge excess into the inner canal from the main stream.During the dry season the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rujshes forward along the outer canal.As it approaches the fence, the fence,the river begins to turn round fast and soon many whirlpools are formed.The volatile whirlpools sweep away sand and pebbles and, throw them into the outer canal.For many years huge bamboo baskets were used as the fence.They were filled with stones and pebbles.However,at present, reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.So now, let's discuss the Bottle-Neck Channel.A trunk canal was cut through the mountain into two parts which link up the inner canal for irrigation.The small part is later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill.Chengdu looks like a large bottle and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes shape of the bottleneck.The trunk canal technically has two functions: First, it leads the water to irrigate the farming land in western Sichujan;Secondly, the trunk casnal works together with the Flying Sand Weir to keep the flow below a certain point in the inner canal during flood season.Some stone tablets, which stand on the isolated hill, are engraved in Buddhist Sanskrit.The local people hope that the Buddhist tablets can exert the Buddhist superpower to harness flood disaster.For over two thousand years, in fact, the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Weir, and the Bottle-neck Channel automatically work together to control foods and sweep away sand and stones in the main str.The local people benefit a lot from this project.Not far from the Dujiang Dam, a Daoist temple complex was wrwcted was erected to commemorate the benevolent rule of Li Bing and his son who succeeded him.Li Bing and his son were granted the posthumous title of Wang.The folk story says that July 24of the Chinese Lunar Calendar is Li Bing' birthday.On the day many local people visit the temple where they prostrate themselges before the image of Li Bing and his son and burn incense to honor them.The larger-than-life painted statues of father and son overlook the rushing river below.Nearby a stone tablet os engraved with a famous six-character quotation from Li Bing,“when the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel.When the riverbeb is wide and shallow, dig it deeper.” The temple which is built near the mountaintop, is a popularstopping place for sightseers.There one can enjoy a unique view of the most modern parts of the water conservation project.People appreciate the ancient wonder, which still works to benefit people today.杜甫草堂英文導(dǎo)游辭

Du Fu(712~770)Thatched Cottage used to be the former hone of Du Fu, one of the greatest poets in the Tang Dynasty.Located in the western suburbs of Chengdu, the spot is marked by a stream, ancient style architecture, pavilion pagodas and age-old trees.The cottage consists of six important parts, They are the Front Gate, the Lobby, the Hall of poem History, the Water Pavilion, the Gongbu Shrine and the Thatched Cottage.At the time of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's poetry first came to be recognized.Readers of many different periods have considered Du Fu to be the greatest poet of the Chinese tradition.Such general agreement can partially be explained by the immense variety of his work, which holds up quite well to different tastes and historical changes in fashion.Like Shakespeare in English tradition, Du Fu's poetry came to be so deeply bound up with the constitution of literary value that generation after generation of poets and critics rediscovered themselves and their interests in some aspect of the poet'

Chinese critics from the Song Dynasty referred to Du Fu as the“poet-historian”.Both before and after the An Lushan Revolt, Du Fu witnessed a typical political and social situation;the common people still lived in poverty while the emperor and his top officials enjoyed a foolishly luxurious life.He composed many poems such as “Song of the War Chariots”, “Three Officials”，and “Three Departures”。His poems expressed his dissatisfaction with the government and his great pity for the common people.Du Fu used his poems to comment on current events and historical images.Du Fu became the historian by creating his responses to particular situations.Du Fu was talented.When he was young, he wanted to get a good job in the government.Unfortunately Du Fu was refused several times.He was in his fifties when he began to serve as a minor official in Changan(Xi'an).Gongbu was his official title and probably he was in charge of the lical industry.Du Fu was not a skilled survivor in government politics.He was dismissed in the form of a transfer to the post of personnel administrator in Huazhou and so left Changan.Du Fu soon gave up this minor post in disgust and set off with his family to Qinzhou in the Northwest.After a short stay he moved on again and in 759 he arrived in Chengdu.He set up a modest cottage with some money he borrowed from his friend who served as a local governor.In the cottage he had a simple and peaceful life for three years, writing about 240porms.Mostly inspired by the cottage, the stream nearby and the scenery in Chengdu.These poems give the impression that he was happier in Chengdu than any other time in his life.The poems of this period sound relaxed and happy.Here are some of them.In Chengdu the flutes and the strings

You hear them so loud even in the daytime

The melody fades in the river wind

And half in the towering clouds above us

Oh it should never be played here

It belongs to the emperor's hraven

We thank you for what is not ours

But the emperor will be hearing it also

Two yellow orioles sing in the tenser green willow

A line of herons crosses the blue sky

When you open the west-facing window

The snow is framed in the summit of the mountain

And the ships that will sail east for Dong Wu

They lie at anchor in the sun-filled doorway

A good rain knows its season

It brings thins to life right in spring

It enters the night, unseen with the breeze

It moistens things gently and without sound

Du Fu left Chrngdu after 762 and wandered in the southern provinces and eventually died of illness in 770.After his death, the people if Chrngdu built a shrine on the site of his garden to honor him.Since then, it brcame the custom to visit on the seventh day of the lunar month(around the middle of February).An ancient couplet still hangs on the top of the front door.It reads:“錦江春風(fēng)公占卻，草堂人日我歸來(lái)?！盜t was written by a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, whose name was He Shaoji.The couplet means that Du Fu owned the Jingjiang river and the spring breeze;on the seventh day of the first lunar month did I come to visit his cottage.The original cottage no longer exists and the buildings within the cottage compound.South west of the city, have been repaired and added to thirteen times since the eighth century.The Gongbu Shrine is at the center of the six important sites in the cottage compound??It is a small hall in the eastern section of the grounds, dedicated to the memory of Du Fu.It contains a statue of du fu flanked by ghose of two other poets;Huang Tingjian(1045-1105)on the right and Lu You(1125-1210)on the left.Thesee two poets were both from the Song Dynasty and occupied an important place in the traditional Chinese literature history.Huang Ting jian, from Xiu Shui in which affected his official posts.Later when his opposition party was in power, he was dismissed from his major official post and banished to Yizhou.Huang was one of the followers of Su Shi.He sincerely studied Du Fu's poetry and intentionally car during theearly song Dynasty.Lu You, from Shaoxing in Zhejiang held a succession of mionor of ficial posts but was unable to affect any of the political reforms he advocated.Im 1172, he began to serve in the army on the Sichuan-Shaanxi border.It is known that sometime later he was dismissed from a post im jiangxi for distributing government grain to relieve famine.Lu You was a prolific poet and more than nine thousand poems have survived.Both Huang ting jian and Lu You are noted for their ardent patriotism.Here are some of their poems :

Looking all round, a fine sight of hills and waters I found:

Leaning on the Tower railing, I could enjoy what was sweet:

The fragrance of water chestnuts and lotus stretching far

The soft breeze and bright moon which were both

Free and made tower cool;

(Huang tingjian, Tr, Guo Zhuzhang)

Erect hedge and implant fence to shield and sustain these new bamboo，They are meticulously cultivated and their dark green color is reflected in ripples.The blowing of the cool breeze tells the early coming of autumn，And I am not aware of the blazing sun in the sky at such high noon.I hear the rustling sound when the sheath is shedding from the sprouts.And see the dense fluttering shadows of these newly grown young bamboos.Once I retire from my position, here will be the place to which I often come，And carry with me along a pillow and a mat that are made of bamboo.(Lu You, Tr.Cui Wenkai)

In the traditional Chinese literature history, there were thousands of poets, Why were these two poets selected to accompany Du Fu ?there are three reasons:Firstly, they made greart achievements in studying Du Fu's poetry.Secondly, they used to live in Sichuan, and enjoyed their stay, thirdly, Du FU's statue might have been lonely in the gongbu Shrine without any accompaniment.so when people placed the statues together, they ghought that the three poets might have time to talk about their poetry.the Shrine of the Three Sages is named from the above-mentioned story.Inside the shrine are two valuable stone tablets from the Qing Dynasty, on which the whole picture of the thatched Cottage has been engraved.the tablets showus the design and development of the cottage dated bace to the Qing Dynasty.Also an other two stone tablets are in the shrine, which tell the story about the refurbishment of the cottage and the reason why Huang tingjian and Lu You's statues stay with Du Fu's.On left side of the Gongbu Shrine is a huge tablet placed in a straw-roofed pavilion.Prince Guo of the Qing Dynasty wrote the calligraphy on the tablet when he visited the cottage.A screen wall at the entrance to the Flowery Path is decorated with the characters Caotang(Thatched Cottage)at old blue and white ceramic fragment.At present, du Fu's cottage is a museum.It has a rich collection of over 30000bound volumes, and 2000cultural relics, the bound volumes include thea ncient cut blocks photo-offset, hand-written, and modern stereotyped copies, the translation editions are in 15 languages.As you walk around the cottage, you will experience the traditional Chinese culture and literature characterized by Du Fu's poems.峨眉山英文導(dǎo)游辭

Mt.Emei is one of the “four famous mountains”in China.It lies about 168km from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.Before the tour of the holy mountain, it is important to obtain some inforation about the spread of Buddhism in China, Buddhism in Mt.Emei and its hiking routes.The Spread of the Buddhism

Buddhism was founded in India around the 16th century BC.It is said that the founder was Sakyamuni.Sskyua was the name of the clan to which his family belonged.Sakyamuni was a prince and was brought up in luxury.In his 20s, he became discontented with the world.Every day he had to face with sights of sickness, death and old age since the body was inescapably involved with disease, decrepitude and death.Around the age of 30 he made his break from the material world and plunged off in search of enlightenment.Sakyamuni began by studying Hindu philosophy and Yoga.Then he joined a band of ascetics and tried to break the power of his body by inflicting severe austerities on himself.However, no matter how he held his breath until his head burst and starved his body until his ribs jutted out, he failed to enlighten himself.Finally Sakyamuni followed the principle of the middle way in which he would live between the extremities of asceticism on one hand and indulgence on the other.As the story goes, he devoted the final phase of his search for enlightenment to meditation and mystic concentration.One evening he sat beneath a fig tree, slipped into a deep meditation and achieved enlightenment from his mystic concentration.Sakyamuni founded an order of monks and for the next 45 years or so peached his ideas around 480 BC.Sakyamuni teaches that all life is suffering.Everyone is subjected to the trauma of birth, to sickness, decrepitude and death.Real happiness can't be achieved until suffering is overcome.The cause of unhappiness is 'desires',specifically the desire of the body and the desire personal fulfillment.In order to overcome the desirs and achieve happiness, it requires the following eight-fold path.1.Right knowledge

Buddhist followers should believe that all life is suffering.It is caused by the desire for personal gratification.2.Right Aspiration

Buddhist followers should becomw passionately involved with the knowledge of what life's problems basically are.3.Right Speech

Buddhist followers shousd avoid lies, idle talk, abuse,alander and deceit.4.Right Behavior

Buddhist followers should show kindness and avoid self-seeking and personal fulfillment in all actions.5.Right Livelihood

Buddha considers spiritual progress impossible if one has occupied himself/herself with slave-dea-ling or prostitution.6.Right Effort

The effort os the will to develip virtues and curb paddion.7.Right Mindfulness

Buddhist followers should practise self-exami-nation and cultivate themselves to overcome the state of semi-alertness and become aware of what os happwning to them.8.Right Absorption

The absorption involves the techniques of Hinduism's raja yoga and leads to the same goal.By following the eight fokd pah, Buddhist followers aims to attain Nirvana, a condition beyond the limits of the mind, feelings, thoughts, the will and ecstasy.Buddhism accepts the concept of reincarnation, the circle of rebirth;it accepts the law of cause and effort.Buddhism has many sects, of which the Mahayana and the hinayana are two major schools.The Mahayana holds that the fate of the individual is linked to the fate of all others.The Buddha won't float off into his own Nirvana leaving other peope behind.He not ony shows the people the way up into their Nirvana, but also continues to exude spiritual help to those seeking Nirvana.The Hinayana holds that the path to Nirvana is an individual purauit.People who seek Nirvana must tread the path to Nirvana on their own.Mahayana Buddhism is generally believed to have been ntroduced into regions inhabited by the Han people around the first century A.D.In the Wei and Jin Dynasties(220-420)it spread to a fairly large part of the country.During the Southern anB Northern Dynasties(420-589)the ruling cladd furthered the dissemination of Buddhism.More temples and monasteries were built;Buddhist scriptures were translated.The influence of Buddhism was felt everywhere across the conutry.By the Sui and Tang Dynasties(581-907)Buddhism had reached its apex of popularity and splendor.Buddhism gradually took root in the Chinese soiety, having adapted considerably to Chinese ways of thinking and practice.As the most influential religion in China, Buddhism has an impact on Chinese philosophy, morality, literature, art and many other foelds.Buddhism in Mt.Emei

It is almost two thousand years since Buddhism was introduced from India.Its monasteries covers everywhere in China except a few Daoist mountains like Mt.Qingcheng.It is commonly said that Buddhist monks have occupied much mote well-known mountains for their Buddhist ptrpose than Daoist priests.However, most of Buddhist followers bwliwvw that only the fotr famous mountains in China are the Buddhist holy places.They are Mt.Wmei in Sichuan, Mt.Putuo in Zhejiang, Mt.Wuta in Shaanxi and Jiuhua in Anhui.Each mountain is dedicated to different Bodhisattvas.In Chinese Bodhisattva usually is referred as pusa, a potential Buddha, who has achieved perfect enlightenment and decided to bring salvation to all suffering creatures before entering into Nirvana.Therefore, each Bodhisattva has his own ritual place to salvage suffering creatures.Wenshu performs the Buddhist rites in Mt Wuta, and Guanyin in Mt.Putuo.Dizang is said to have gained enlightenment in Mt Jiuhua.Puxian is regarded as one of the four well-known Bodhisattvas of China's Buddhism.Legend has it that Mt.Emei in Sichuan is the place where he performs the Buddhist rites.Puxian and Wenshu appear in a pair in suppirt of Sakymuni.They usually stand side by side with Sakymuni.The middle.Puxian is the right attendant.He rides a white elephant, and Wenshu a lion as we often see in monasteries.Wenshu is a symbol of Wisdom while Puxian Benevolence.Buddhism encourages its followers to study hard at the Buddhist theory, and then use what they have learnt to do charitable works for the purpose of salvaging the suffering creatures.More likely Wisdom and Benevolence display the Buddhist proceess step by step.One of the Buddhist doctrines says that after Puxian achieved perfect enlightenment, he vowed to retrn back to the world and not to accept his own salvation until all sentient beings, humans and animals had been saved.Puxian went out on his elephant to realize his ambition.his six-tusk elephant enjoys a high statue in the Buddhist world known as the Elephant King.Wannian Monastery is dedicated to the gilded statue of Puxian who sits on the white elephant.This statue, 8.5m high, is cast in copper and bronze, weighing estimatedly 62,000kg in a brick hall.One doctrine says:“Puxian has many images.He puts himself into different forms based on the Buddhist predestined relationship.The ordinary human beings can only see him in a human bodily form, who sometimes stands by Sakyamuni,or simetimes rides on his white elephant.” According to the explanation of the Buddhist texts, it is almost impossible for the ordinary human beings to see Puuxian's Fa and Bao images unless they hike up to the Golden summit of the mountain, where the pious Buddhists may see Puxian's Bao image in Buddhist Aureole-rainbow rings.In ancient times the Buddhist Aureole was called the illuminant image,which indicates that the Puxian reveals himself in his BUddhist Aureole only before the people who have the Buddhist predestined relationship.It is the iluminant image in the Golden Summit that has made the mountain nationally famous.At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Buddhism came imto China.It is commonly said that Buddhism began to develop in Sichuan during the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It is very hard to find out when the first monastery was built,and who was the first Buddhist monk to perform his rites in the mountain.The local historical records have no written information about Buddhism in the mountain,which occurred before the Jin Dynasty.As early as in 400 a monk by the name of Huichi arrived at Mt.Emei.At that time only a few ascetic practitioners lived in the animal-haunted mountain.Staying with them,Huichi started to build a temple with a statue of Puxian set up inside.The current Wan Nian Monastery grew out of the earliest temple.Huichi was considered the founder of Buddhism in the mountain.During the Western Jin Dynasty(265-317)a Daoist priest by the name of Qianming estab lished a Daoist temple called Qian Ming Temple in the mountain.It was the biggest Daoist temple in the mountain where a hundred Daoists priests performed Daoism.At the beginning of the southern and Nouthern Dynasties(420-550), the priests decided to choose their head to be in charge of the temple.However, they had an endless dispute because of the difference of opinions.A Bddhist monk by the name of Mingguo went to the temple and taught the priests Buddhism.Finally all the priests were converted to Buddhism, and the Daoist temple became a Buddhist monastery by the name of Zhong Feng Moonastery,During the Southern and Nouthern Dynasties,Buddhism developed in the mountain.A monk from India came to Sichuan.His name was Baozhang,the first foreign monk who arrived at the mountain after his short stay in Chengdu.According to the local historical records,Baozhang set up a monastery by the name of Ling Yan Monastery.A stream flowed along the foreground of the monastery.Behind it ,over a misty mountain,dark trees merged imperceptibly into the rest of the landscape.The monastery continued its development in the following dynasties.It was said that the monastery was the biggest in the mountain with 48 halls inside in the Ming Dynasty.Unfortu-nately it was destyroyed by a fire towards the end of the Ming Dynasty.During his stay in China Baozhang translated Buddhist scriptures into Chinese and made a contribution to the culture exchange between China and India.During the Tang Dynasty(618-907)Buddhism in Sichuan developed considerably because some emperors supported Buddhism During their reins.some important Buddhist constructions were set up in Sichuan such as Bao Guang Monastery(the divine light monastery)in xindu County ,the Giant Buddha in Leshan City ,and Wen Shu Monastery in Chengdu.Of course, Buddhism in the mountain was no exception.Some famous monks kept visiting the mountain.Xuan Zang made a pilgrimage to the sacred land of India to collect manuscripts and images and visit the well-known shrines from 629 to 645, leaving a valuable account of his travels in his “Records of the western Regions”, Before his journey ,Xuan Zang came to the mountain.He visited Puxian,earnestly hoping to get blessings from him.On his way up to the mountain he came across an old monk who offerd him a Buddhist scripture.After reading it ,Xuan zang felt more confident for his long journey to india.Legend has it that Puxian put himself in the bodily form of the old monk.From 779 to 805, Weigao, the local top military commander in west Sichuan, donated to support Buddhist development both in Leshan and Mt.E-mei.During the rein of Xizong(874-888)of the Tang Dynasty, a well-known monk by the name of Huitong came to the mountain from Zhijiang.He stayed in Baishui Monastery as the abbot, He employed many workers to maintain and enlarge the existed monasteries, and at the same time he himself arrfanged workers to establish Qingyin Pavilion Monastery.He even invited his yiunger sister huixu, a Buddhist nun to stay in He Shui Monastery.Huixu was the first unu in Mt.Emei.During the Song Dynasty Buddhism in the moutain further developed, In 964 Zhao Kuangyin the first empperor of the Song dynasty sent a 300-member-delegation of monks headed by Jiye, a well-known monk to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures, In 976 they came back with Buddhist materials and images.Due to Jiye's great deeds, Emperor Taizhong honored him by allowing him to choose a place in China to perform his Buddhism.Jiye decided to go to Mt.Emei, where he stayed in Niuxin Monastery to perform his Buddhist rites.Zao Kuangyin also asked one of his assistants by the name of Zhang to come to Chingdu, where Zhang was responsible for casting a 8.50-meter-high statue of Puxian in copper and bronze, and then transporting it to the Baishui Monastery on the site of the Wannian Monastery.Several Sing emperors kept presenting Buddhist scriptures, paintings and valuable gifts to Baishui Monasters stood at the lower part of the mountain.At that time only a few visitors or monks hiked the mountain via the current Wannian Monastery.The monasteries above Wsnnisn Monsastery remained very primitive, still less the monastery on the Golden Summit, which was no more than a wooden house without a monk to live in.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the emperors helped develop Buddhism in China.Zhu Yuanzhang, the first ming Emperor used to be a monk.In his monk career Zhu Yuanzhang had a close contact with a monk by the name of Guangji who later worked in a monastery in the mountain.Zhu Yuanzhang asked him to reestablisshed Xiwa Monastery.After the completion of the monastery, Zhu Yuanzhang summoned him to stay in the capital of the Ming Dynasty, but Guangju kindly refsed the invitqation and cotinued his stay in the mountain.Zhu Yijun was the ling-reining Ming Emperor(1573-1620)who was buried in Dingling, one of the ming Tombs.he and his two wives reposed in the underground palace, which was excavatedf in August, 1956.As a story goes, his mother wanted very much to give a birth to a boy in order to inherit the imperial throne.Therefore, she came to the mountain where she kneeled before the statue of Puxian in Baishui Monastery vowing that she would establish a new monastery and gilt the statue of Puxian if she was blessed to have a boy.Soon afterwards Zhu Yijun was born, and he himself ascended the throne as expected.In 1600 the emperor issued an imperial edit to establish a beamless brick hall and gilt the statue of Puxian on the white elephant.He even renamed Baishui Monastery as Wannian Monastery to celebrate his mother's birthday.In 1602 four bronze halls were cast in Changan on the current site of Xi'an.One of them was moved up to the top of the mountain from which the Golden Summut was named.The hall was 8m high and 5m wide.There are no written records about how the hall was carried uyp the mountain.Unfortunately the hall was completely destroyed by a fire.In 1828 a monk by the name of Yuexzhao collected donations to set up a glazed-golden-roof brick hall, which replaced the bronxe hall.In 1972 another fire occurred, The hall, a telecom tower and andther monastery were all destroyed.The new monastery completed in 1990 still bears traces of its original splendor.Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, Buddhism declined because of a local war, which lasted many years in Sichuan.By the end of the Qing Dynasty Buddhism in the mountain had been restored as much as in the Ming Dynasty.Both Baoguo and Fuhu monasteries were enlatged in the Qing Dynasty and now become the largest ones in the mountain.Before 1949, there were more than 70 monasteries and over 3,000 monks in all in the mountain.The monasteried owned a large amount of farming land to stpport the monks.Half of farmers at the foot of the mountain worked for the monasteries.Routes concerned

Every Chinese or overseas visitor enkoys climbing to the top of Mt.Emei——the Golden Summit more than 10,000-feet-high.The mountain itself is shrouded in the ever-hanging cloud of fog.Fir trees, pines and cedarsclithe the slopes;lofty crags, cloud-kissing precipices, butterflies and azaleas together form a nature reserve of sorts.At the Golden Summit one stands above the fog and gets a beautiful view, especially in the early morning when mountaintops are bathed in the radiance of the rising sun.Late in the tare afternoon the viewers may see the Magic Light,which appears as a multicolored ring of light in the sky with the shadow of the viewer moves.This light phenomenon was traditionally known as Buddha's Aureole or the Emei Buddhist Glory.Actually it is a rainbow ring, produced by tefraction of water particles that attach themselves to a person's shadow in a cloudbank below the summit.Devout Buddhists, thinking this was a call from yonder,used to jump off the Cliff of Self-Sacrifice in the belief that they would thus encounter Puxian.So during the Ming and Qing dynasties officials set up iron poles and chain railings to prevent sticides.Totrists usually start their ascent of the mountain at Baoguo Monastery, originally constructed in the 6th century but entirely rebuilt in the 17th.There are two paths to Jinding, named after a glistening bronxe hall that once crowned the main peak of the mountain.The northern path is wide and easy to follow.The southern path is more rugged and winding.Because it is easier to go up than to come down, most people ascend by the southern route and return on the northern one.At predent there is a cable-car transportation up to the summit.Tourists can continue either on foot or by cable-car.The northern route passes Bailong Cave, Wannian Monastery and Zhanlao Terrace.The southern route passes through Fuhu Monastery, Qingyinge Monastery, Jiulao Cave and Yuxian Monastery.The two paths converge and lead to Xixian Poolm so called after the legend that Puxian passed here on his white elphant, which he washed in the pool before resuming his trip.Xixi9an Pool is the place where tourists frequently come across wild monkeys who usually stand along the path begging for food from tourists.The Chinese find the monkeys an integral part of the mountain trip and like to offer them some food fo0r fun.If you have no food, you should thrust open palms towards the monkeys to show you have no food.The path continues to Leidongping Tettace, a small temple in which the thunder god was supposed to live, and finally to jinding-the Golden Summit itself.The hiking is spectacular and tiring, and the path difficult to follow in places.No matter whether you ascend or descend, youy have to keep a cautious eye on the next step.You should stop occasionally to get a longer view and enjoy the beautiful scenes.The scenery is also and excusw to rest and let your pounding hearts slow down.Whenever you come across a lovely waterfall and spectacular gorge, you should sit by the waterfall, content with the stately beauty and blessings of that spot.四川成都導(dǎo)游詞

作者：導(dǎo)游棲息地

來(lái)源： 網(wǎng)絡(luò)

2008-3-17

點(diǎn)擊：1487

字體：小 中 大

共有評(píng)論 0

條 [點(diǎn)擊查看]

女士們、先生們，歡迎您們光臨成都.成都是四川省省會(huì)、中國(guó)歷史文化名城、首批中國(guó)優(yōu)秀旅游城市、國(guó)家衛(wèi)生城市、國(guó)家“雙擁”模范城。近幾年，她又以城市建設(shè)和生態(tài)環(huán)境方面的成就，先后榮獲聯(lián)合國(guó)頒發(fā)的“人居獎(jiǎng)”和“最佳范例獎(jiǎng)”兩項(xiàng)殊譽(yù)。

成都是一座融古代文明與現(xiàn)代文明于一體的特大城市。她是稀世珍寶大熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)，也是天府之國(guó)的中心和“窗口”。她以歷史悠久、文化底蘊(yùn)厚重，風(fēng)光絢麗多姿和名勝古跡眾多而聞名于世?！板\城”“蓉城”是成都的別名；芙蓉、銀杏是成都的市花和市樹(shù)。

成都市位于川西北高原山地和川中丘陵之間，西部地勢(shì)較高，中部和東南部是廣闊的成都平原，平均海拔500米左右。境內(nèi)兼有山景、平原和丘陵之美，且氣候溫和，雨水充沛、年平均氣溫16℃上下，降水量約1000毫米，素有“冬無(wú)嚴(yán)寒，夏無(wú)酷暑”之譽(yù)，加以土地肥沃，水利先進(jìn)，物產(chǎn)十分富饒，歷來(lái)被稱為“水旱從人，不知饑謹(jǐn)”的“天府明珠”。

成都市的全市總面積12．39萬(wàn)平方公里，總?cè)丝诔^(guò)1000萬(wàn)人，轄區(qū)劃為7區(qū)4市（縣級(jí)市）、8縣。即錦江區(qū)、青羊區(qū)、成華區(qū)、金牛區(qū)、武侯區(qū)、青白江區(qū)、龍泉驛區(qū)；都江堰市、彭州市、崇州市、邛崍市；溫江縣、新都縣、雙流縣、大邑縣、新津縣、郫縣、金堂縣、蒲江縣。此外，還設(shè)有國(guó)家級(jí)四川成都經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)和成都高新技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)。我們一般說(shuō)的成都市區(qū)則指市中心部位的五個(gè)區(qū)，簡(jiǎn)稱為“五城區(qū)”。其余的統(tǒng)稱“市郊縣”。

成都早在一萬(wàn)年前就已成為蜀族先民活動(dòng)的中心和舞臺(tái)。在市區(qū)和廣漢三星堆的出土文物表明，至少在四千年以前，古蜀先民們就用自己辛勤勞動(dòng)的雙手，在這里創(chuàng)造了具有鮮明地域特征的古蜀文明。大約2500年前，古蜀國(guó)開(kāi)明王朝把國(guó)都從樊鄉(xiāng)（今彭州市、新都縣交界處）遷到此處，取周太王遷歧“一年成邑，三年成都”這一典故，定名“成都”。這時(shí)的成都已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)初具規(guī)模的城市。公元前316年，秦國(guó)把四川納入版圖，成都是蜀郡的首府。自此以后，成都一直是四川地區(qū)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心，歷代皆為郡、州、省一級(jí)行政區(qū)的治所和軍事重鎮(zhèn)。其間，成都曾前后有7個(gè)割據(jù)政權(quán)的都城設(shè)在此，它們是，西漢末年的公孫述“大成政權(quán)”，公元二世紀(jì)時(shí)“三國(guó)”的蜀漢王朝，三世紀(jì)的“成漢”政權(quán)，九世紀(jì)前后的“前蜀”和“后蜀”政權(quán)，北宋時(shí)期農(nóng)民起義的“大蜀”政權(quán)和明末張獻(xiàn)忠建立的“大西”政權(quán)。

成都有著悠久而燦爛的工商發(fā)展歷史，特別是絲織業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)，名冠中華，遠(yuǎn)銷(xiāo)國(guó)外。西漢時(shí)期，成都因經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮成為當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)的“五都”之一，織錦業(yè)已成為漢朝的重要國(guó)庫(kù)收入來(lái)源。成都是蜀錦織造中心，朝廷在此設(shè)置了“錦官城”，派有“錦官”進(jìn)行管理。這也是成都又稱為“錦城”，繞城而過(guò)的府南河又稱為 “錦江”的原因。蜀漢時(shí)期，諸葛亮在四川實(shí)行休養(yǎng)生息，扶持農(nóng)商的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，成都作為蜀漢首都得到了更大的發(fā)展，從晉代左思《蜀都賦》的敘述可見(jiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)盛況。他說(shuō)“市廛所會(huì)，萬(wàn)商之淵，列隧百里，羅肆萬(wàn)千，墮賄山積，纖麗星繁……”好一幅百貨云集、萬(wàn)頭攢動(dòng)的市場(chǎng)交易圖！唐代，成都有“揚(yáng)一益二”之譽(yù)，說(shuō)她的繁華僅次于江南的揚(yáng)州。到北宋時(shí)期，成都已成為僅次于汴京的大都會(huì)。這時(shí)的成都，由于在晚唐五代的紛爭(zhēng)中處于相對(duì)安定的情況下，工農(nóng)商業(yè)都有所發(fā)展，商市貿(mào)易突破了傳統(tǒng)的坊市格局，發(fā)展了專(zhuān)門(mén)的交易市場(chǎng)，不僅有城內(nèi)東南西北的綜合市場(chǎng)，也有了專(zhuān)營(yíng)產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)，如草市、糠市、鹽市、騾馬市等，鬧市區(qū)還有了“夜市”。此后的成都?xì)v經(jīng)元、明、清諸朝和民國(guó)時(shí)期，其間雖有多次的興衰起落，但她作為四川省經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的地位并無(wú)變化。

成都也是歷史上著名的工藝之鄉(xiāng)。蜀繡、蜀錦名滿天下，列入中華四大名繡、四大名錦之列；成都的漆器以制作精美、工藝獨(dú)特，為歷代傳世名品，近代漢墓出土的文物中許多成都漆器可以作證；唐代成都出產(chǎn)的“雷琴”，載譽(yù)全國(guó)，被聲樂(lè)界視同珍寶；成都的印刷業(yè)在宋代是全國(guó)三大印刷業(yè)基地之一，有“宋時(shí)蜀刻甲天下”的贊譽(yù)，倫敦博物館所藏敦煌文書(shū)中有五代時(shí)期成都的木刻“歷書(shū)”，為世界最早的木刻歷書(shū)印本；成都的造紙業(yè)也很著名，唐代成都造的“益州麻紙” 是官方規(guī)定的詔書(shū)、冊(cè)令用紙；女詩(shī)人薛濤制作的“薛濤箋”被文人詩(shī)客視為上品。成都的金銀絲制品、竹編、草編、也都有數(shù)百上千年的歷史。

成都是燦爛的蜀漢文化發(fā)祥地之一，也是四川文化教育的中心城市，擁有輝煌的文明歷史。早在公元前140多年，蜀郡太守文翁在成都興學(xué)，開(kāi)辦了中國(guó)第一所正規(guī)的官辦學(xué)堂、為四川的文化發(fā)展起了巨大的促進(jìn)作用?！皾h賦四大家”，成都市有司馬相如、揚(yáng)雄兩位，晉代史學(xué)家《華陽(yáng)國(guó)志》作者常璩、唐代女詩(shī)人薛濤、音樂(lè)家段安節(jié)、五代詞人歐陽(yáng)炯、繪畫(huà)大師黃筌、宋代學(xué)者《資治通鑒》副主編范祖禹、理學(xué)家魏了翁、醫(yī)學(xué)家唐慎微、明代文學(xué)家楊長(zhǎng)庵、清代著名的 “儒將”岳鐘祺，加上現(xiàn)代文學(xué)巨子巴金、艾蕪、沙汀等人都是成都人士。當(dāng)然，造就成都文明史的還有歷史上眾多的外來(lái)名臣、文士的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，成都是歷史上文化名流匯集之地。大詩(shī)人李白、杜甫、岑參、高適、韋莊、陸游、大文豪蘇軾等人都曾寓居這里，為后人留下了大批的文化遺產(chǎn)，使成都的發(fā)達(dá)文化享譽(yù)國(guó)內(nèi)外。

有關(guān)成都的歷史和發(fā)展的史話，我們就說(shuō)到這里。讓我再為大家說(shuō)說(shuō)今日成都的現(xiàn)狀。

漢文化

作為第一批獲得中國(guó)優(yōu)秀旅游城市稱號(hào)的成都，旅游資源得天獨(dú)厚，最突出的是“蜀漢文化”、“熊貓故鄉(xiāng)”、“天府風(fēng)光”三大特色。

下面，請(qǐng)讓我分別簡(jiǎn)述一下：

成都是蜀漢文化的發(fā)源地。蜀漢文化是中華文化的重要組成部分。都江堰芒城、溫江縣魚(yú)鳧城、郫縣三道堰、新津龍馬古城和附近的廣漢三星堆等遺址說(shuō)明，蜀漢文化有悠久的歷史。

成都作為數(shù)代古蜀王朝的都城和四川地區(qū)的首府，孕育了歷代多少風(fēng)流人物，擁有許多的歷史遺跡和文化瑰寶，僅以各級(jí)政府明令公布保護(hù)的重點(diǎn)文物單位全市就有118處，其中全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位9處。2300多年前修建的都江堰大型水利工程，構(gòu)思之巧妙，計(jì)算之精確，手段之高明，工程之宏偉，功能之完善，管理之科學(xué)，效益之長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，無(wú)不讓到此的中外游客為之傾倒，她使成都平原成為“水旱從人”，“沃野千里”的“天府”，給四川帶來(lái)了富裕和繁榮，被譽(yù)為 “獨(dú)奇千古的天府銀河”和“鎮(zhèn)川之寶”，是人類(lèi)文明的不朽杰作。

武侯祠座落在成都市南郊的一片森森翠柏之中，公元五世紀(jì)，為紀(jì)念三國(guó)時(shí)蜀漢丞相諸葛亮而建。這是全國(guó)最大、保存最完整的武侯祠，是中國(guó)眾多三國(guó)遺跡中唯一被列為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物的單位。館藏極其豐富的成都武侯祠，與周邊其他州、市、縣豐富的蜀漢文化景觀構(gòu)成的“三國(guó)遺跡尋蹤”黃金旅游者的歡迎。

杜甫草堂位于成都西郊浣花溪畔，是在唐代大詩(shī)人杜甫流寓成都時(shí)的故居上建成的紀(jì)念性古典園林。是全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。杜甫的詩(shī)歌，對(duì)中國(guó)文學(xué)的發(fā)展有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響，被后人譽(yù)為“詩(shī)史”，他本人被尊為“詩(shī)圣”。草堂現(xiàn)存各種杜詩(shī)版本、多種文字譯本、杜詩(shī)書(shū)法作品及其他有關(guān)資料3000余冊(cè)，文物 2000余件。杜甫草堂不僅為人們研究杜甫、杜詩(shī)提供了珍貴的資料，而且也是中外人士瞻仰杜甫遺容的勝地。

成都市的宗教文物也很豐富。全市現(xiàn)有佛寺、道觀、教堂近百處。大邑縣的鶴鳴山是中國(guó)道教的發(fā)祥地，并以“青城天下幽”的景觀名列國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。市區(qū)內(nèi)的青羊?qū)m規(guī)模宏大，是全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。相傳為“太上老君”（即老子）坐臺(tái)傳授道法之處。成都佛寺眾多，其中最負(fù)盛名的有寶光寺、石經(jīng)寺、大慈寺、昭覺(jué)寺、文殊院等。寶光寺相傳建于東漢，被譽(yù)為長(zhǎng)江流域四大叢林之一。其他的文物古跡，諸如望叢祠、望江樓、明僖王陵、永陵、東漢墓、觀音寺壁畫(huà)、辛亥秋保路死事紀(jì)念碑等，就不再一一列述了。

今日成都

今日成都，可以說(shuō)是既古老又年青，既安寧又繁榮，在國(guó)家實(shí)施西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略決策的大好形勢(shì)下，正揚(yáng)起風(fēng)帆，向著現(xiàn)代化的大都市目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。

新中國(guó)成立后，古老的成都煥發(fā)了青春。工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)都有突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。特別是60年代前期，國(guó)家大力進(jìn)行的“三線”建設(shè)，使成都基本上形成以機(jī)械、電子、冶金、化工和輕紡工業(yè)為主體的工業(yè)體系，成為四川和中國(guó)西部新興的工業(yè)基地。

1978年以來(lái)，成都進(jìn)入了改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新的歷史時(shí)期，憑藉其雄厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和地處中西部結(jié)合處的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)，在短短的二十多年間，已進(jìn)一步發(fā)展成為中國(guó)西南地區(qū)重要的科技、商貿(mào)、金融中心和交通、通信樞紐，中國(guó)的特大城市之一。

今日的成都，干道縱橫、街市寬整、高樓林立、綠樹(shù)成蔭，市容美麗，商業(yè)服務(wù)行業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)遍布全市，城市綜合服務(wù)功能日益增強(qiáng)；繞城而過(guò)的府南河，經(jīng)過(guò)全市人民的五年奮斗，全面整治告捷，如今的府南河水質(zhì)變得清亮，兩岸的花木、草坪、雕塑、亭榭與櫛比鱗次的現(xiàn)代化民居高樓相映爭(zhēng)輝，猶如在城市的脖子上系了一條“翡翠項(xiàng)鏈”，它不僅具有防洪、環(huán)保和交通運(yùn)輸?shù)墓δ?，還成了市民和游人最喜愛(ài)的休閑觀光好去處。

成都作為西南地區(qū)的交通通信樞紐，鐵路有成渝、寶成、成昆和達(dá)成鐵路交匯于此；公路除成渝、成綿、成樂(lè)、成雅、成灌高速公路外，還有3條國(guó)道通過(guò)，形成了以川陜、川藏、川甘和成渝、成阿等23條省級(jí)以上公路為骨干的放射型公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)，成都市是全國(guó)公路最密集的城市之一；成都是西南地區(qū)最大的航空港。雙流國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)是全國(guó)四大空港之一，現(xiàn)已開(kāi)通了國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)航線170多條。成都又是西南地區(qū)郵電通訊交換中心之一，并先后與160余個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)建立了通信聯(lián)系。便捷的交通，發(fā)達(dá)的通訊，把成都與全國(guó)各地緊密地連接在一起，架起了成都通向世界各地的橋梁。

熊貓故鄉(xiāng)

成都是大熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)。

成都近郊有國(guó)家森林公園4處，大熊貓生態(tài)自然保護(hù)區(qū)3處。全世界僅存的一千余只大熊貓，80％左右分布在成都及其鄰近地區(qū)。

全世界最大的大熊貓繁育研究基地也建在成都。

成都動(dòng)物園是世界上大熊貓最多的城市動(dòng)物園。到成都旅游您不但可以了解到大熊貓最新的科研成果以及與大熊貓有關(guān)的背景和文化。

您還可以去成都鞍子河、大邑黑水河、都江堰市虹口，以及寶興蜂桶寨、臥龍保護(hù)區(qū)等大熊貓棲息地和生態(tài)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，領(lǐng)略大自然的風(fēng)光，追尋大熊貓的蹤跡。

天府風(fēng)光

天府風(fēng)光是吸引大量中外游人來(lái)成都觀光游覽的又一大特色資源。天府樂(lè)土，成都寶地，獨(dú)特的地型地貌，造就了成都多姿多彩，獨(dú)特有序的天府風(fēng)光：田園、丘陵、河渠、湖泊、峽谷、奇峰各具魅力，而且自然景觀、人文景觀和濃郁的民俗風(fēng)情融為一體，秀色美景，匯成大觀。古往今來(lái)，不知有多少文人墨客贊美成都，真是個(gè)“九天開(kāi)出一成都，萬(wàn)戶千門(mén)入畫(huà)圖”，“劍南山水盡清暉，濯錦江邊天下稀”，“繁華盛麗天下無(wú)?！?/p>

除開(kāi)剛才已說(shuō)過(guò)的都江堰——青城山景區(qū)之外，還有以原始森林、飛瀑流泉、高山天景和雪山草場(chǎng)為特色的大邑西嶺雪山；奇險(xiǎn)深幽，生態(tài)原始的彭州九峰山景區(qū)；凝幽滴翠，美自天然的崇州九龍溝；湖山澄碧、曲折幽靜的蒲江朝陽(yáng)湖；丹霞山景、世外仙原般的邛崍?zhí)炫_(tái)山，以及金堂的沱江風(fēng)光、龍池的山林奇觀等等，都是愛(ài)好游山玩水的旅游者觀光游覽，享受自然的理想之地。成都平原的農(nóng)村田園風(fēng)光富饒美麗，民俗民風(fēng)，遺存豐富，別真情趣，是天府風(fēng)光中令人矚目的一大勝景。大邑縣的劉氏莊原，郫縣的友愛(ài)鄉(xiāng)，龍泉的書(shū)房村，是開(kāi)展“農(nóng)家樂(lè)”和田園風(fēng)光游的好去處。

親愛(ài)的朋友，不管您喜歡什么，在成都您都可以找到滿意的去處。想觀花，這里有龍泉驛的桃花節(jié)、彭州的牡丹節(jié)、新都的桂花節(jié)；想游湖，這里有風(fēng)景秀麗的朝陽(yáng)湖、龍泉湖、桂湖和白塔湖；要登山，這里有奇峰怪石的龍門(mén)山，險(xiǎn)峻雄奇的天臺(tái)山、花果飄香的龍泉山；要游園，這里有濃縮世界主要景觀的世界樂(lè)園，望江公園和人民公園；想感受成都傳流的民居文化的韻味，您可以走進(jìn)一條條由無(wú)數(shù)四合院連接起來(lái)的大街小巷；想領(lǐng)略鄉(xiāng)間小鎮(zhèn)質(zhì)樸、寧?kù)o的自然風(fēng)光，您可以到雙流黃龍溪古鎮(zhèn)、那里古街、古樹(shù)、古廟、古水陸碼頭、古戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)、古建筑、古文化融為一體，還是“中國(guó)火龍之鄉(xiāng)”；想觀戲，您可以步入戲院欣賞川戲、聽(tīng)那委婉動(dòng)聽(tīng)的高腔，看那變幻莫測(cè)的“變臉”、“吐火”等川劇絕技表演；想品茶，您可以到一間間各具風(fēng)格的茶館、茶樓。四川茶館的特殊氛圍，蓋碗茶具和高超的摻茶技藝，會(huì)使您感受到濃濃的成都茶文化的氣息；想吃川菜，成都是正宗川菜發(fā)祥地，川菜館遍布全市，名師薈萃，品味正宗；想吃小吃，成都小吃“馳名中外，品種繁多。色鮮味佳，物美價(jià)廉，擔(dān)擔(dān)面、鐘水餃、龍抄手、賴湯園、韓包子、夫妻肺片等都是成都“小吃”的傳統(tǒng)名品，而近年崛起的“火鍋”正后來(lái)居上，風(fēng)靡一時(shí)?？傊痪湓?，“吃在成都、玩在成都、游在成都”已成為旅游愛(ài)好者的共識(shí)。

朋友們，近幾年來(lái)，成都旅游業(yè)得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。特別值得一提的是西部大開(kāi)發(fā)，使成都旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展前景更加廣闊。成都將以更豐富的旅游產(chǎn)品，更良好的旅游環(huán)境，更優(yōu)質(zhì)的旅游服務(wù)，迎接祖國(guó)和世界各地的朋友們的到來(lái)，我們相信大家的成都之旅一定能獲得圓滿和愉快的感受。

謝謝大家。

第三篇：南京概況導(dǎo)游詞

南京概況導(dǎo)游詞

各位游客，大家好?。ㄩ_(kāi)場(chǎng)語(yǔ)）

歡迎來(lái)到素有“六朝佳麗地，金陵帝王州”美譽(yù)的南京參觀游覽。我是江蘇省中旅的導(dǎo)游員***，大家可以叫我*導(dǎo)，或者小*。我身旁這位是司機(jī)*師傅，他的駕駛技術(shù)十分了得，請(qǐng)大家放心。希望在接下來(lái)的幾天，我倆可以給大家?guī)?lái)一次美好的南京之旅。（南京總括）

南京以“博愛(ài)之都”聞名海內(nèi)外，是江蘇省的省會(huì)城市，全省政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心。全市面積6598平方公里，常住人口為741.3萬(wàn)人，下轄2縣11區(qū)。（地形地貌）

南京位于長(zhǎng)江下游的中心地帶，主要是丘陵盆地地形，城區(qū)附近東有紫金山，西有清涼山，南有牛首山，北有棲霞山。紫金山由東向西延伸，從南京城中橫穿而過(guò)，使南京城南城北形成了兩條水系，南為秦淮河，北為金川河。除此之外，還有玄武湖和莫愁湖宛如兩顆璀璨的明珠鑲嵌在南京的城東和城西。（歷史沿革）

南京是我國(guó)首批歷史文化名城，著名的七大古都之一，歷史上先后有十個(gè)朝代在此定都，分別是：東吳、東晉、南朝時(shí)的宋、齊、梁、陳、以及后來(lái)的南唐、明初、太平天國(guó)和中華民國(guó)，故而南京又被稱作“六朝古都”、“十朝都城”。歷朝歷代為南京留下了許多名字，如：金陵、秣陵、建鄴、建康、蔣州、江寧、昇州、集慶、應(yīng)天、天京等，有些名字作為南京的地名沿用至今。（交通、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科教）

今日南京鐵路、公路、航空、水運(yùn)、管道等運(yùn)輸方式齊全，是華東地區(qū)重要的交通樞紐。同時(shí)，南京也是中國(guó)東部地區(qū)重要的綜合性工業(yè)基地和全國(guó)六大通訊樞紐之一。目前已形成了以“電子、石化、鋼鐵、汽車(chē)”四大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。金陵石化、南汽集團(tuán)、熊貓電子等著名企業(yè)實(shí)力雄厚、產(chǎn)品暢銷(xiāo)國(guó)內(nèi)外。此外，南京科教實(shí)力雄厚，綜合實(shí)力僅次于北京、上海。教育、科技的發(fā)達(dá)，為南京城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。（城市品牌）

南京城市品牌眾多，多次被評(píng)為全國(guó)十佳衛(wèi)生城市、全國(guó)園林城市、中國(guó)優(yōu)秀旅游城市等稱號(hào)。南京的綠化水平全國(guó)聞名，森林覆蓋率達(dá)到23%。南京的市樹(shù)是雪松，市花為梅花。（特產(chǎn)）

說(shuō)到咱們南京，不得不提的就是與“吃”、“喝”、“玩”、“穿”相對(duì)應(yīng)的四大特產(chǎn):鹽水鴨、雨花茶、雨花石和云錦。（著名風(fēng)景區(qū)）

悠久的歷史孕育了南京豐富的旅游資源，東以鐘山風(fēng)景區(qū)為主，囊括了中山陵、明孝陵、靈谷寺以及玄武湖；西以石城風(fēng)景區(qū)為看點(diǎn)；南以著名的秦淮風(fēng)光帶為主打；北以沿江風(fēng)景區(qū)為主，包含了長(zhǎng)江大橋、閱江樓和靜海寺等景點(diǎn)。（結(jié)語(yǔ)）

集山、水、城、文為一體的南京，山川形勝，虎踞龍?bào)?，大氣磅礴，正以博大的胸懷迎接著八方?lái)客。

第四篇：海南概況導(dǎo)游詞

海南概況導(dǎo)游詞

朋友們,現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)上了東線高速公路,和大陸不一樣,海南沒(méi)有明顯的城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合帶,一 出城就是廣闊的原野.無(wú)論你把目光轉(zhuǎn)向何方, 這里到處都是綠色, 看不到一寸裸露的土地, 小草和樹(shù)木綠油油的,向你表達(dá)它們快樂(lè)的心情,來(lái)旅游的朋友不僅眼睛綠了,心也綠的.朋友們,海南島森林覆蓋率高達(dá) 51.6%,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出全國(guó)的平均值 13%,被稱為“綠色明 珠”,來(lái)海南旅游的朋友感覺(jué)最舒服的便是我們的眼睛和鼻子,眼睛所看到的都是綠色和藍(lán) 色,鼻子呼吸到的都是清新的空氣.這里的山水之美,不是語(yǔ)言可以形容的,需要我們大家 自己用心去體會(huì):椰樹(shù)是高大挺拔的美,珊瑚是柔軟五光十色的美,南山觀世音是慈愛(ài)富態(tài) 的美,黎村是原始古樸的美,蛋民是勞動(dòng)頑強(qiáng)的美,泰國(guó)紅藝人是身材藝術(shù)的美,朋友們, 海南不缺少美,缺少的是對(duì)美的發(fā)現(xiàn).說(shuō)到美我就想起了蘇東坡和佛印和尚的故事.蘇東坡喜歡和佛印和尚辯論, 卻總也辯不 贏.有一次他們下棋的時(shí)候,蘇東坡突然說(shuō)了一句:“大師,你在我的眼里象一堆狗屎!” 誰(shuí)知佛印和尚并不生氣,只是微微地笑了一下,道了聲“阿彌陀佛,施主,您在我的眼里卻 是一尊金佛.”蘇東坡非常得意回家告訴了他妹妹蘇小妹,蘇小妹也是一個(gè)才女,她想了想 說(shuō):“哥哥,你又輸了,佛印看你是一尊金佛,那是因?yàn)槿思倚闹杏蟹?你看人家是一堆狗 屎,說(shuō)明你的心就是一堆狗屎!”朋友們,由此可見(jiàn)“美由心生”,如果您用良好的心態(tài)去看 待世界,世界就是美好的,光明的;如果您用惡劣的心態(tài)看待世界,世界就是黑暗的,丑陋 的,無(wú)精打采的.海南最美的是南山,最著名的是天涯海角,最古老的是大小洞天,最開(kāi)心的是西島,最 刺激的是潛水,最神秘的是興隆,最好吃的是海鮮,最有趣的是南灣猴島,最有鄉(xiāng)野氣息的 就是萬(wàn)泉河瓢流.朋友們, 往兩邊一看我們就能感覺(jué)到海南真是一個(gè)生機(jī)盎然的小島, 這里有充足的陽(yáng)光 和豐沛的降水,除了種植水稻,橡膠之外,還有很多的水果:椰子,芒果,荔枝,龍眼,菠 蘿,菠蘿蜜,榴蓮,桃楊,木瓜,香瓜,火龍果,人心果,雞蛋果等等等等,美不勝收,簡(jiǎn) 直就是“上帝的水果籃”!告訴大家,椰子一年四季都有,分青椰,紅椰,金椰,銀椰等品種, 其中青椰最多最便宜,一般 2-3 塊錢(qián)一個(gè),一個(gè)椰子可供 2 個(gè)人喝,太老椰子有點(diǎn)澀,太嫩 椰子的口味淡,最好吃的是十八九歲的椰子.其它的水果現(xiàn)在正是上市季節(jié),價(jià)格也不貴.

朋友們,再看看我們海南的高速公路,就像綠色大海當(dāng)中穿梭的一條銀色的綢緞,它全 長(zhǎng) 300 多公里,接連 7 個(gè)市縣,漂亮吧,對(duì)比一下你們的高速路,大家感覺(jué)有什么不同呢? 很多朋友都說(shuō)車(chē)少, 不擁擠, 是的, 這是現(xiàn)在, 然而海南的汽車(chē)曾經(jīng)多得讓世界嚇了一大跳

.這是怎么回事呢?80 年代中后期美國(guó)的衛(wèi)星顯示海南島上到處都是亮閃閃的,這些亮點(diǎn)連 成一片不斷地在移動(dòng),美國(guó)政府大吃一驚,以為中國(guó)正在進(jìn)行新的戰(zhàn)略布置,在海南島上增 派兵力,后來(lái)才知道這是汽車(chē)走私,大量的外國(guó)汽車(chē)涌上來(lái),陽(yáng)光照在車(chē)項(xiàng)上不就亮閃閃的 一片.這件事在當(dāng)時(shí)引起了很大的關(guān)注.事實(shí)上海南的走私從來(lái)就沒(méi)有停止過(guò),和過(guò)去比現(xiàn) 在更加隱蔽,更加小心,你想想看,四周都是海水,海岸線又長(zhǎng)達(dá) 1600 多公里,海關(guān)的工 作總是防不勝防.現(xiàn)在一些路邊經(jīng)常放著幾個(gè)臟乎乎的雪碧瓶子, 里面真的是汽水嗎?不是, 是走私汽油.海南走私的物品種類(lèi)非常多:汽車(chē)汽油,家電服裝等等,一輛進(jìn)口小汽車(chē)二三 萬(wàn)塊錢(qián)就能買(mǎi)到,至于珠寶玉石,一旦被海關(guān)查到了,送到海南省地質(zhì)博物館統(tǒng)一出售,由 于沒(méi)有關(guān)稅,價(jià)格也非常便宜.另外,剛才有朋友說(shuō)這條路上沒(méi)有收費(fèi)站,“一腳油門(mén)踩到 底”,這是一個(gè)重要的區(qū)別,這是因?yàn)楹Ｄ显谌珖?guó)首家實(shí)行公路管理體制改革,將過(guò)路費(fèi), 過(guò)橋費(fèi),養(yǎng)路費(fèi)等費(fèi)用打在汽油里面,以方便管理,因此海南的油價(jià)比大陸大約要貴 40% 左右.路上沒(méi)有收費(fèi)站,游客們覺(jué)得方便了,然而海南人民負(fù)擔(dān)卻重了,大多數(shù)家庭的摩托 車(chē)也許從來(lái)就沒(méi)有上過(guò)高速路,但一樣買(mǎi)高價(jià)油,這應(yīng)該是海南人民對(duì)游客的默默奉獻(xiàn)吧.好的朋友們,高速路不能隨便停車(chē),因此要上洗手間的朋友一定要提前打招呼,香港人把解 手說(shuō)成“唱歌”,我們?cè)试S大家獨(dú)唱,也可以合唱,甚至可以唱山歌,但就是不能對(duì)唱.朋友們,海南前些年汽車(chē)走私,洋浦開(kāi)發(fā)和房地產(chǎn)熱等事件震驚海內(nèi)外,這兩年同樣也 有兩大事件讓海南再次引起國(guó)際廣泛關(guān)注, 一是博鰲亞洲論壇會(huì)議召開(kāi), 二是陵水的飛機(jī)相 撞事件.博鰲位于萬(wàn)泉河的入?？? 景色秀美, 用一位德國(guó)旅游專(zhuān)家的話來(lái)說(shuō): 博鰲有山巒, 有小島,有河流,有大海等眾多旅游資源,如果拆開(kāi)來(lái)看它們不是最美的,但組合在一起卻 構(gòu)成了世界上最美麗的一副風(fēng)光畫(huà)卷.入?？谔幱幸粭l上吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄的玉帶灘, 它長(zhǎng)達(dá) 8.5 公里,地形地貌和澳大利亞的黃金海岸非常相似,從空中看仿佛是仙女飄落在大海里的 一根白色的紗巾.玉帶灘的兩側(cè)呈現(xiàn)出迥然不同的美:一邊是萬(wàn)泉河水在靜靜的流淌,一邊 是大海在不停地咆哮, 這一動(dòng)一靜, 一藍(lán)一綠的組合讓人感覺(jué)大自然的安排是那樣的和諧完 美.入?？谑悄壳笆澜缟媳４孀钤嫉暮恿魅牒？?也正因?yàn)槿绱?亞洲論壇組織才在這里 成立.對(duì)于游客來(lái)說(shuō)如果能在萬(wàn)泉河上坐船慢慢地游玩, 再上玉帶灘上瘋上一把將是一件多 么開(kāi)心的事,所“吹吹海風(fēng),渾身輕松;聽(tīng)聽(tīng)海韻,心中高興”.還記得那首歌嗎:萬(wàn)泉河水 清又清,我編斗笠送紅軍……

朋友們,唱得不好讓大家見(jiàn)笑了,我呢雖然五音不全,但還是 比較喜歡唱歌,從小到大向不同的老師請(qǐng)教過(guò),有一位老師現(xiàn)在住在興隆,有點(diǎn)與眾不同, 她過(guò)去是個(gè)非常英俊的小伙子,由于思想有點(diǎn)故障,結(jié)果一個(gè)人跑到北京醫(yī)院,在手術(shù)臺(tái)上 “咔嚓”一聲,把自己變成了一個(gè)亭亭玉立大姑娘.現(xiàn)在的她非常的溫柔,但你也可以看出一

絲粗獷的影子.她的歌唱得非常好,一個(gè)人就可以完成男女聲對(duì)唱,這是我學(xué)不來(lái)的,有的 游客喜歡她的男聲, 有的喜歡她的女聲, 到底是男聲好聽(tīng)還是女聲好聽(tīng), 到現(xiàn)在我也說(shuō)不準(zhǔn).到了興隆之后您自己去辨別吧.(進(jìn)入瓊海市)好的,朋友們,現(xiàn)在我們要到達(dá)的是瓊海市,瓊海市是紅色娘子軍的故 鄉(xiāng),也是萬(wàn)泉河的主要流行地.古時(shí)候海南島分為兩個(gè)郡,東邊的叫珠崖郡(大海邊上產(chǎn)珍 珠),西邊的叫儋耳郡(指黎族人耳朵大),瓊海市便處于東邊的珠崖郡郡內(nèi).瓊海市并不 大,1700平方公里,說(shuō)它是市呢也就是一個(gè)縣級(jí)市,93 年才撤縣建市,今年剛好是建市 1 0 周年.海南島只有兩個(gè)地級(jí)市(?？谑泻腿齺喪?,其它的市都是縣級(jí)市.瓊海市靠著海 南島的東海岸,被稱作為“臺(tái)風(fēng)走廊”,73 年一場(chǎng)特大臺(tái)風(fēng)把整個(gè)城市夷為平地,所以你在 瓊海市看不到舊的樓房,幾乎都是新的樓房.風(fēng)浪沖走了一切,許多人出生證明,學(xué)歷證明 都找不到了, 瓊海市也是海南的一個(gè)華僑之鄉(xiāng), 因此您看到的建筑許多都具有明顯的南洋風(fēng) 格.和大陸不一樣的是,在海南辦理出入境手續(xù)的,許多都是一身農(nóng)民打扮,這些農(nóng)民也許 一輩子沒(méi)出過(guò)省,但卻出了好幾國(guó),出去探親訪友,這就是僑鄉(xiāng)的特點(diǎn),因此當(dāng)?shù)卣埠?注重打僑牌.瓊海市的鈦礦儲(chǔ)量居全國(guó)第一,鈦是一種比黃金還要稀有昂貴的金屬,是制造 飛機(jī)等設(shè)備的主要原材料.曾經(jīng)有日本商人搞旅游開(kāi)發(fā),一年下來(lái)不見(jiàn)動(dòng)靜,只見(jiàn)他們一車(chē) 一車(chē)地拉沙子,原來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)是假,采礦是真,當(dāng)?shù)卣皶r(shí)地解除了合約并要求賠償.好的,朋友們,現(xiàn)在大家適當(dāng)休息一下,看一看這里非常典型的海南鄉(xiāng)村的田園風(fēng)光,海南 的水稻一年產(chǎn)三季,海南的農(nóng)民也就特別辛苦.這條路是專(zhuān)門(mén)為博鰲亞洲論壇修建的,別看 它不起眼,卻走過(guò)了許多名人:江澤民,朱榨基,亞洲的各國(guó)頭頭腦腦.凡是熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)的人 都應(yīng)該到博鰲好好參觀一下, 特別是我們的共產(chǎn)黨員共青團(tuán)員, 為什么呢?因?yàn)椴棽粌H僅 風(fēng)光好,而且它是中國(guó)的驕傲,亞洲的驕傲.大家知道在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上充當(dāng)主角的一直是歐美 國(guó)家,亞洲只能作人家的應(yīng)聲蟲(chóng)和跟屁蟲(chóng),加上亞洲各國(guó)自己也不團(tuán)結(jié),針對(duì)這種情況出現(xiàn) 了三位人物:日本的前首相中曾根康弘,菲律賓前總統(tǒng)拉莫斯,澳大利亞前總理霍克,他們 三位提出應(yīng)該成立亞洲自己的組織,團(tuán)結(jié)我們

自己的力量,討論我們自己的事務(wù),向世界發(fā) 出我們亞洲自己的聲音, 他們和江澤民主席一商量便一拍即合, 決定成立, 成立之后選會(huì)址, 選來(lái)選去選取中了中國(guó)海南島瓊海市的博鰲鎮(zhèn), 每年在這里開(kāi)一次會(huì).博鰲從一個(gè)默默無(wú)聞 的小漁村一不留神就成了時(shí)代的熱點(diǎn), 亞洲的一個(gè)中心.博鰲這個(gè)名稱也是非常有氣勢(shì)的“博 覽天下,獨(dú)占鰲頭”,英文是 BOAO,今天我們到博鰲來(lái)了,愿每位朋友都能在自己的領(lǐng)域 獨(dú)占鰲頭,大有作為!(到博鰲臨下車(chē)前)朋友們,來(lái)到博鰲我們將第一次看見(jiàn)美麗的南中國(guó)海,到了玉帶灘之后,大家只能濕

腳但不能濕身,據(jù)說(shuō)海南的海水對(duì)治療“香港腳”特別有效.同時(shí)大家還要多做深呼吸,連外 國(guó)朋友都說(shuō)海南島的空氣每呼吸一下值兩美分, 博鰲是一個(gè)新的景點(diǎn),人比較擁擠,下車(chē)之后大家動(dòng)作快一點(diǎn),要跟上隊(duì)伍,小攤旁邊 人多手雜,注意看好自己的行李.(在船上)給游客指點(diǎn)“一口飲三江”(出博鰲)好的,朋友們,感受到海南的天氣了吧,驕陽(yáng)似火,有人說(shuō)海南真熱,海南是我國(guó)唯 一的一個(gè)熱帶海島省份,被稱為“熱島”,它要不熱就不叫海南島了.這個(gè)地方秋去春來(lái),長(zhǎng) 夏長(zhǎng)冬,連古人都說(shuō)“四季皆為夏,一雨便成秋”.太陽(yáng)一年兩次從頭頂走過(guò),紫外線非常強(qiáng) 烈,對(duì)皮膚的傷害是很大的,所以我們不主張大家進(jìn)行陽(yáng)光浴,沙灘浴,海水浴.要是你不 小心被曬黑了也不要緊,和當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯映蔀楹谡渲榱?黑亮黑亮的,成為珍珠中的極品.不 過(guò)海南屬于熱帶海洋性氣候,受海洋的影響很大,加上森林的調(diào)節(jié),所以本地并不是酷熱難 耐,很多時(shí)候也非常的涼爽.好的,朋友們,相關(guān)的情況先介紹到這里.不知道大家有什么問(wèn)題沒(méi)有?沒(méi)有問(wèn)題,那 我就要問(wèn)大家一個(gè)問(wèn)題:海南被叫做長(zhǎng)壽島,為什么?對(duì)此,許多外地的朋友都不能理解, 熱帶物種應(yīng)該成熟快,壽命短,例如海南的水稻就是一年三熟,同緯度的非洲,印度居民壽 命也不長(zhǎng),海南為什么會(huì)叫做長(zhǎng)壽島?要想成為長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū),不是瞎說(shuō)的,國(guó)家是有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的: 每 10 萬(wàn)個(gè)人當(dāng)中百歲老人要有 3 個(gè),按照這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)我國(guó)大陸(四川,湖北,廣西,新疆, 江蘇,遼寧,可略去)有 6 個(gè)地方被列為長(zhǎng)壽之鄉(xiāng),而海南每 10 萬(wàn)個(gè)人當(dāng)中百歲老人達(dá)到 4.7 個(gè),按著這個(gè)比例三亞市南山村的百歲老人至少有 250 人,完全可以申請(qǐng)“世界長(zhǎng)壽之 鄉(xiāng)”的稱號(hào)了,真所謂“福如東海長(zhǎng)流水,壽比南山不老松”!海南之所以有這么多的長(zhǎng)壽老人, 這是因?yàn)楹Ｄ嫌幸粋€(gè)美麗純凈的自然環(huán)境, 更重要的 是海南人的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)非常合理,長(zhǎng)年吃海產(chǎn)品,海魚(yú),海蝦,海呀,這些都是低脂肪,低膽 固醇,高蛋白的食品,既滋補(bǔ)身體又不會(huì)長(zhǎng)胖,第三就是海南人有喝茶的傳統(tǒng),特別是長(zhǎng)在 五指山上的野生苦丁茶,這種茶樹(shù)和板藍(lán)根一樣

屬于大葉冬青科植物,既是茶也是藥,對(duì)身 體有保健作用.不過(guò)市面上有很多都是人工茶葉在冒充.第四呢,就是因?yàn)楹Ｄ先诵愿癖容^ 柔緩,不太沖動(dòng).“人到七十古來(lái)稀”在海南真的快成了一句古話了.很多家庭都以家里有百歲老人為榮, 子女們也很孝順,即使家里再不富麗,也要把電視機(jī),電風(fēng)扇等物品放進(jìn)老人房間,讓老人 過(guò)得舒服一點(diǎn),家里還經(jīng)常煲點(diǎn)骨頭湯給老人喝,以補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng).在海南的黎族有這樣一個(gè)風(fēng)

俗:子女結(jié)婚的時(shí)候都要送給父母一對(duì)玳瑁手鐲,以報(bào)答父母的養(yǎng)育之恩,同時(shí)也祝愿父母 健康長(zhǎng)壽,因?yàn)殓殍Ｄ芑钋?是長(zhǎng)壽的象征,同時(shí)也是活血去風(fēng)濕的.而等到子女生了小 孩,小孩子滿月的時(shí)候,長(zhǎng)輩就要給小孩脖胞前戴上一個(gè)玳瑁的平安扣,起到鎮(zhèn)驚的作用.黎族是一個(gè)非常有靈氣的民族,他們沒(méi)有宗教,信奉祖先和神靈(鰲神),有關(guān)這個(gè)民族的 情況明天我將會(huì)做詳細(xì)的介紹.介紹紅色娘子軍時(shí)再介紹一下海島女民兵, 是海南婦女的另外一面旗幟.毛主席的那首 詩(shī): 颯爽英姿態(tài)五尺槍,曙光初照演兵場(chǎng),中華兒女多奇志,不愛(ài)紅裝愛(ài)武裝

第五篇：海南概況導(dǎo)游詞

朋友們，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)上了東線高速公路，和大陸不一樣，海南沒(méi)有明顯的城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合帶，一出城就是廣闊的原野。無(wú)論你把目光轉(zhuǎn)向何方，這里到處都是綠色，看不到一寸裸露的土地，小草和樹(shù)木綠油油的，向你表達(dá)它們快樂(lè)的心情，來(lái)旅游的朋友不僅眼睛綠了，心也綠的。朋友們，海南島森林覆蓋率高達(dá)51.6%，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出全國(guó)的平均值13%，被稱為“綠色明珠”，來(lái)海南旅游的朋友感覺(jué)最舒服的便是我們的眼睛和鼻子，眼睛所看到的都是綠色和藍(lán)色，鼻子呼吸到的都是清新的空氣。這里的山水之美，不是語(yǔ)言可以形容的，需要我們大家自己用心去體會(huì)：椰樹(shù)是高大挺拔的美、珊瑚是柔軟五光十色的美、南山觀世音是慈愛(ài)富態(tài)的美、黎村是原始古樸的美、蛋民是勞動(dòng)頑強(qiáng)的美，泰國(guó)紅藝人是身材藝術(shù)的美，朋友們，海南不缺少美，缺少的是對(duì)美的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

說(shuō)到美我就想起了蘇東坡和佛印和尚的故事。蘇東坡喜歡和佛印和尚辯論，卻總也辯不贏。有一次他們下棋的時(shí)候，蘇東坡突然說(shuō)了一句：“大師，你在我的眼里象一堆狗屎！”誰(shuí)知佛印和尚并不生氣，只是微微地笑了一下，道了聲“阿彌陀佛，施主，您在我的眼里卻是一尊金佛?！碧K東坡非常得意回家告訴了他妹妹蘇小妹，蘇小妹也是一個(gè)才女，她想了想說(shuō)：“哥哥，你又輸了，佛印看你是一尊金佛，那是因?yàn)槿思倚闹杏蟹?；你看人家是一堆狗屎，說(shuō)明你的心就是一堆狗屎！”朋友們，由此可見(jiàn)“美由心生”，如果您用良好的心態(tài)去看待世界，世界就是美好的、光明的；如果您用惡劣的心態(tài)看待世界，世界就是黑暗的，丑陋的，無(wú)精打采的。

海南最美的是南山，最著名的是天涯海角、最古老的是大小洞天、最開(kāi)心的是西島、最刺激的是潛水、最神秘的是興隆、最好吃的是海鮮，最有趣的是南灣猴島，最有鄉(xiāng)野氣息的就是萬(wàn)泉河瓢流。

朋友們，往兩邊一看我們就能感覺(jué)到海南真是一個(gè)生機(jī)盎然的小島，這里有充足的陽(yáng)光和豐沛的降水，除了種植水稻、橡膠之外，還有很多的水果：椰子、芒果、荔枝、龍眼、菠蘿、菠蘿蜜、榴蓮、桃楊、木瓜、香瓜、火龍果、人心果、雞蛋果等等等等，美不勝收，簡(jiǎn)直就是“上帝的水果籃”！告訴大家，椰子一年四季都有，分青椰、紅椰、金椰、銀椰等品種，其中青椰最多最便宜，一般2-3塊錢(qián)一個(gè)，一個(gè)椰子可供2個(gè)人喝，太老椰子有點(diǎn)澀，太嫩椰子的口味淡，最好吃的是十八九歲的椰子。其它的水果現(xiàn)在正是上市季節(jié)，價(jià)格也不貴。

朋友們，再看看我們海南的高速公路，就像綠色大海當(dāng)中穿梭的一條銀色的綢緞，它全長(zhǎng)300多公里，接連7個(gè)市縣，漂亮吧，對(duì)比一下你們的高速路，大家感覺(jué)有什么不同呢？很多朋友都說(shuō)車(chē)少，不擁擠，是的，這是現(xiàn)在，然而海南的汽車(chē)曾經(jīng)多得讓世界嚇了一大跳。這是怎么回事呢？80年代中后期美國(guó)的衛(wèi)星顯示海南島上到處都是亮閃閃的，這些亮點(diǎn)連成一片不斷地在移動(dòng)，美國(guó)政府大吃一驚，以為中國(guó)正在進(jìn)行新的戰(zhàn)略布置，在海南島上增派兵力，后來(lái)才知道這是汽車(chē)走私，大量的外國(guó)汽車(chē)涌上來(lái)，陽(yáng)光照在車(chē)項(xiàng)上不就亮閃閃的一片。這件事在當(dāng)時(shí)引起了很大的關(guān)注。事實(shí)上海南的走私從來(lái)就沒(méi)有停止過(guò)，和過(guò)去比現(xiàn)在更加隱蔽，更加小心，你想想看，四周都是海水，海岸線又長(zhǎng)達(dá)1600多公里，海關(guān)的工作總是防不勝防?，F(xiàn)在一些路邊經(jīng)常放著幾個(gè)臟乎乎的雪碧瓶子，里面真的是汽水嗎？不是，是走私汽油。海南走私的物品種類(lèi)非常多：汽車(chē)汽油、家電服裝等等，一輛進(jìn)口小汽車(chē)二三萬(wàn)塊錢(qián)就能買(mǎi)到，至于珠寶玉石，一旦被海關(guān)查到了，送到海南省地質(zhì)博物館統(tǒng)一出售，由于沒(méi)有關(guān)稅，價(jià)格也非常便宜。另外，剛才有朋友說(shuō)這條路上沒(méi)有收費(fèi)站，“一腳油門(mén)踩到底”，這是一個(gè)重要的區(qū)別，這是因?yàn)楹Ｄ显谌珖?guó)首家實(shí)行公路管理體制改革，將過(guò)路費(fèi)、過(guò)橋費(fèi)、養(yǎng)路費(fèi)等費(fèi)用打在汽油里面，以方便管理，因此海南的油價(jià)比大陸大約要貴40%左右。路上沒(méi)有收費(fèi)站，游客們覺(jué)得方便了，然而海南人民負(fù)擔(dān)卻重了，大多數(shù)家庭的摩托車(chē)也許從來(lái)就沒(méi)有上過(guò)高速路，但一樣買(mǎi)高價(jià)油，這應(yīng)該是海南人民對(duì)游客的默默奉獻(xiàn)吧。好的朋友們，高速路不能隨便停車(chē)，因此要上洗手間的朋友一定要提前打招呼，香港人把解手說(shuō)成“唱歌”，我們?cè)试S大家獨(dú)唱，也可以合唱，甚至可以唱山歌，但就是不能對(duì)唱。004km.cn-->