第一篇：建筑證書中英文翻譯

建筑證書的中英文翻譯

Certificate of Real Estate Ownership（房地產(chǎn)權(quán)證）

The Certificate granted by the government stating the ownership title of the property built on a certain piece of land, location, construction area, etc.The years of property ownership is equal to the years of land use right.New Certificate is a combination of both the land use right information and real estate ownership information.由政府部門頒發(fā)的關(guān)于某土地上所建建筑權(quán)屬、地理位置、建筑面積等的證書。房屋所有權(quán)年限等于土地使用年限。新的房地產(chǎn)權(quán)證包括土地使用權(quán)信息和房地產(chǎn)權(quán)信息。

Construction Completion Inspection Certificate（建設(shè)工程竣工驗(yàn)收備案證書）

A certificate issued by Construction Project Quality Supervision to approve the inspection for the quality of construction after completion.建設(shè)工程完工時(shí)，對(duì)工程質(zhì)量進(jìn)行驗(yàn)收檢查，合格后由建設(shè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)督總站頒發(fā)建設(shè)工程竣工驗(yàn)收備案證書。

Construction Permit（施工許可證）

A permit for the construction company to commence construction on a piece of land issued by Construction Management Bureau.由建設(shè)工程管理局頒發(fā)的對(duì)于建筑單位可以開始在土地上建設(shè)的施工許可。

Engineering Planning Permit（建筑工程規(guī)劃許可證）

A permit issued by City Planning Management Bureau for the construction planning which confirms its legitimacy to protect the lawful rights and interests of an entity or individual.It includes time schedule, details in construction area, approved layout, structure, etc.由城市規(guī)劃管理局頒發(fā)的有關(guān)建設(shè)工程符合城市規(guī)劃要求的法律憑證，用以確認(rèn)有關(guān)建設(shè)活動(dòng)的合法地位，保證有關(guān)建設(shè)單位和個(gè)人的合法權(quán)益，內(nèi)容包括施工進(jìn)度表、建筑地區(qū)詳情、批準(zhǔn)規(guī)劃和工程結(jié)構(gòu)等。

Land Usage Planning Permit（建設(shè)用地規(guī)劃許可證）

A permit issued by City Planning Management Bureau which confirms its legitimacy for the land usage planning.由城市規(guī)劃管理局頒發(fā)的用以確認(rèn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目位置和范圍符合城市規(guī)劃的法律憑證。

State-owned Land Use Right Certificate（國有土地使用產(chǎn)權(quán)證）

A certification issued by Administrative Bureaus of Houses and Land Resources certifying that the certificate holder legally has the right to use a piece of State owned land as approved by the governmental authorities.由房屋土地資源管理局頒發(fā)的表明土地使用者依法享有國有土地使用權(quán)的證明。

第二篇：各類證書中英文

各類證書中英文

戶口：Hukou 身份證：ID 護(hù)照：Passport 港澳通行證：The People's Republic of China Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau 臺(tái)灣通行證：Exit and Entry Permit Taiwan Republic of China 軍官證：Military Officer Certificate 團(tuán)員證：Certificate of the Communist Youth League of China 黨員證：Membership Certificate of the Communist Party of China 離休證：Certificate of Emeritus 退休證：Retirement Certificate 老年證：Senior Citizen ID 生存證明：Certificate of Existence 死亡證明：Death Certificate

火化證：Cremation Certificate

安葬證：Burial Certificate

健康證：Health Certificate

未婚證：Spinsterhood Certificate

婚檢證：Certificate of Premarital Checkup

結(jié)婚證：Marriage License 準(zhǔn)生證：Birth Approval Certificate 初婚未育證：Certificate of First Marriage and Non-maternity 計(jì)劃生育保健服務(wù)證：Certificate of Family Planning and Health Care Service 出生證：Birth Certificate

獨(dú)生子女證：One Child-Certificate

預(yù)防接種證：Vaccination Certificate

節(jié)育證：Birth Control Certificate

離婚證：Divorce Certificate

學(xué)生證：Student ID 畢業(yè)證：Graduation Certificate 學(xué)位證：Certificate of Degree

社保證：Social Security Certificate 失業(yè)證：Unemployment Certificate 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)證：Endowment Insurance

居住證：Residence Permit 暫住證：Temporal Residential Permit

房產(chǎn)證：House Proprietary Certificate

土地證：Certificate of Land

房屋他項(xiàng)權(quán)證：the certificate of the other rights of land 國有土地使用證：Certificate for the Use of State-owned Land 駕駛證：Driver’s License

流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育證: Certificate of Birth Control of Migrating Population 涉外婚姻證明: Certificate of Marriage with a Foreigner 婚育培訓(xùn)合格證: Certificate of Marital and Maternal Training 報(bào)到證: Registration Certificate 在讀證明: Studying Certificate 貸款證明: Certificate for Loan 借書證: Library Card 英語四六級(jí)證: Certificate of CET 4 or 6 上崗證: Work License 從業(yè)資格證: Employment Qualification Certificate 離職證明: Employment Separation Certificate

三僑生證明: Certificate of Three-Types Overseas Students

留學(xué)回國人員證明: Certificate of Returned Overseas Nationals 殘疾證: Disability Certificate 無犯罪證明: Certificate of Clearance 邊境證: Bordering Crossing Certificate 行駛證: Driving Permit 養(yǎng)路費(fèi)證: Certificate of Road Maintenance Fee 經(jīng)營許可證: Business Certificate 稅務(wù)登記證: Tax Registration Certificate 衛(wèi)生許可證: Health Permit 消防許可證: Fire Protecting Permit 收入證明: Income Testimonial

貧困證明: Poverty Testimonial 獻(xiàn)血證: Certificate of Blood Donoation

第三篇：房地產(chǎn)建筑中英文翻譯文章

Architectural aesthetics Description: good architecture is breathtaking beauty.We can compare the strict designed by calculation from the ancient Greek temple of ancient Rome, medieval church or ancient temples, but was unable to predict that Tadao Ando's “l(fā)ight of the Church”, he is born, find the peacefulness.After the priest of the Forum should be sacred for wall, human thinking should be in the wall, but on solidification, Ando has boldly fashionable in the wall of a perpendicular to the horizontal opening of the intersect, forming a “cross” light, the God of light into the room.This means that the gods of light of many people's hearts.Keywords: architectural aesthetics, geographical, natural environment Our physical environment, some content to let long galleries, there are things you as minor and fleeting.Sometimes, it has not been tested by underline things but has an excellent quality, because they are in the environment and the role of one of them in the history of a people cannot be underestimated.The building is the mental and the physical form of a fantasy world, is a people want to constantly improve the world.Even in urban space or building a reality, people can be aware of when building the content, the content determines the atmosphere is not visible.At the same time, building with — the walls between the consciousness of history--also pregnant with significant changes in the future.Good architecture is breathtaking beauty.We can compare the strict designed by calculation from the ancient Greek temple of ancient Rome, medieval church or ancient temples, but was unable to predict that Tadao Ando's “l(fā)ight of the Church”, he is born, find the peacefulness.After the priest of the Forum should be sacred for wall, human thinking should be in the wall, but on solidification, Ando has boldly fashionable in the wall of a perpendicular to the horizontal opening of the intersect, forming a “cross” light, the God of light into the room.This means that the gods of light of many people's hearts.Architectural beauty lies in its natural environment, and rooted in obedience to the natural environment.A variety of architectural form, and varied architectural styles suitable for different natural and scenic forest terrain dissolving into one, creating a variety of architectural culture his beautiful language.Different different natural environment, as man and nature, to the summary of the building, to the plants.Hop, hop, suitable for the various geographical areas at the request of the natural environment, and nature.In the South-East Asia and South Asian countries, in China's Hainan Island and Taiwan island, located at the lush, tropical climate, people use Coconut Grove palm leaf up to adapt to the tropical rainforest left, the wooden floor, ventilation, light and cool and simple, built in the building;the tropical rain forest in the province, in China's Western Alpine region, people use stone barrier wall, according to the Hill jiushi built stone building, Typhoon snow insulation against the cold, built a plateau mountain building.As China's Sichuan and other minorities in Tibet Qinghai in Western China, according to the Hill jiushi built to all kinds of mountain building group.The loess plateau in China, mobei Gobi, rainfall climates, they leverage mountain slope dig to build houses, built of Adobe buildings.Dunhuang Pinakothek construction buried into the hillside, semi-open entrance, hillside retaining wall obtained, Adobe-style architectural characteristics very obvious.In the Eastern United States, Australia, in the South of China, with abundant rainfall, mild climate, people with wood and tile mountains jiushi, local conditions and cover up the shade hood, ventilation, humid area in the building.Visible in the different regions of the building has its own beautiful language.Architectural beauty lies in its rich sound, garden buildings is highly representative of a case.Although he continuously to borrow, King, box sites, and many other visual techniques demonstrated at such as art as the conception, however, only to Visual impact, he was not to be so awesome.In addition to the traditional Chinese garden itself of cultural tradition, philosophy, his heart also lies in the human sensory perception of others.The Phoenix huang class flute, whistle “flowing water when his sound;the bamboo homes Kim Bong, Lotus flowers smell” performance taste;“Poly boxing ring shaped Hill, as the bucket water pool” and reflects his scale, not to mention the claustrophobic to solitude, ascending to the expression of emotion in a lifetime “.The beauty of Chinese architecture: all inclusive-vapour and whirling, wind dance secluded huang, fragrant as years years-heze, by xiangyuan Yi Ching;pool-view heart, tingxie pleasant and so on and so on.It is this otoacoustic eye color, full moon flower, Garden perception of imagery, reflecting his poetically.Architectural beauty is a multi axis coordinate system.In different historical periods, different regional culture, ethnic background are not all the same.Ancient Chinese aesthetic standard who are unified, as was the mobilization of centralization, almost all the buildings means the creation of a common complete form of art.As a result, China's architecture reflects the orthodox Confucian thought, and ambitious;Chinese gardens with the Taoist, strongly imitate nature, extreme freedom and changeable.While ancient Greek philosophy and the arts all knowledge, in pursuit of eternal perfect, so in the spirit of the level of their pursuit of spiritual perfection, nature they are pursuing a lasting image of beauty, to some extent, their beauty is $ 1.1840, Engels in his earlier book, seven Filippo's hometown ”, discusses the classical architecture style of Zhongshan key new features: the Greek architects are brightly coloured, Moore of architecture(of North Africa, southern Europe of Islamic architecture)makes people feel hesitant, Gothic sacred happy;Greek architectural style phase anything, Moore-building style like the stars of the evening, Gothic architecture style like the Golden Dawn.“In short, different architectural expression of beauty are quite different.Architectural beauty lies in its arbitrary and should display fine, although it's almost done by people from the natural and artistic creation.Whether it is a tile, is a variation of, or is incomplete, dangerous, contemporary architectural design of the non-harmony ”consciousness is striking a trend.For example, postmodern architecture will tile formally introduced architecture creation, Isozaki of Tsukuba Center is a typical example.He will appear in the history and contemporary of intensity, Roman, Michelangelo, Moore, years and so many people of fragments from the original context in-out, converted and tile, make up a new system crashing, Vilas Palace of the expensive's maid were “in the Group Portrait, which stimulate the thinking of.The remains of ancient construction, the ruins of war, waste that some artists and architects feel torn beauty or form.For example, an earlier use of torn law-abiding architects Haworth to cause Shihlin jewellery design, he will even granite brick facades tore a large gap, causing a crash, make light projecting from the mysterious.While the deconstruction architects also exaggerated attitude stressed that the composition of dangerous to pose, its taste is represented as instability, weightlessness, sliding, overturning, falling, and so on a non-equilibrium of dangerous composition.Beauty is changing, the tragedy of the ancients, fair, sublime, noble, naive, and so far not able to cover a wide variety of today's emerging aesthetic form.Contemporary architecture in the area of ”non-harmony“ complexity, it widens the architectural modeling and aesthetic space so that the architectural beauty and meaning of ”harmonious“ become more abundant.Architectural beauty lies in the fact that it is reasonable to interleave.The evolution of the building, in a sense is emotional and the rational development of the Union.The relationship between emotion and reason, from had clashed, gradually developed into the amalgamation of the stage.In the field of architecture, emotional and rational boundaries are obscure.The emergence of light to dark, as emotion to rational, reasonable negative Chahar confirmed the existence of reason, and the building is with a certain function, a function of matter.At this level, the building contains natural rational components.When crossing the modern industrial civilization dating back to ancient times, we will surprises, this one's mind old emotional factors.Built on a thick massive form, there is a spirit of flexibility and intangible.In accurate and detailed scale in a fine expression of emotion, ”happy and bright mood, … a bright, sunny day...“(Engels).Back to the contemporary, the construction sector, multicultural coexistence styles;the rise and fall of modernism, postmodernism has just put on the stage of history, it was ”crazy“ heedless of the annihilation of deconstruction.”Wrong,“ ”symbiosis“ ”metaphor“ ”symbol“ a ”high tech“...seems to be in one night, the building became the best media passed emotion.Therefore, in the knowledge of contemporary architecture trends and future architecture, architectural beauty of emotional understanding and is one of the contemplative basis points.Architectural beauty lies in the science and technology on the art and architecture of the 20th century art and architecture development, most dramatic beneficial to past era。

Advances in technology make it possible to dream of architect.The role of art and nature and man, society, so that the full of life, from emotionally experience of nature and life of rhyme and poetic.At this time of the construction sector evolved ”reverse form of aesthetics“ aesthetic ”high tech“ ”ecological aesthetics“ and ”to maintain development of aesthetics“ as the representative of the emerging architectural aesthetic system.The inverse form of aesthetics ”intentional violation of the law in the form of aesthetics.Classical aesthetic pursuit in harmony, and he advocated conflict broken by expanding and American antithesis of conflict, warfare requirements, funny, humor, and other ways and means to improve the performance of buildings.“Aesthetic” stressed the high tech application, stressing the cultural expression of emotion, focusing on building flexibility and diversity, local and historical culture, such as Jean Nouvel * Design Center for the Arab world.The ecological aesthetics “ecology of full, stable, harmonious aesthetic standards, the pursuit of natural beauty and man-made beauty, Norman Foster's design in Wales * gardens, will naturally into them create artificial climate, this is not possible in the past.In support of science and technology, could hardly have been able to break through the nature and structure of the constraint.The sustainable development of natural aesthetics ”, ecology, society as a complete system, people and nature of interdependence and mutual harmony, as aesthetic ideals, chasing meet human needs, and create a good environment.The network era buildings form already appeared-e building.The magic of the computer network is now like a storm swept across the world, its biggest huge impact changing our every aspect of life.Science and technology of every advancement affect to the building and the development of the city, just as the invention of the cinema also means cinema such as architecture.Winston * Churchill that widespread warning said “we bring up the building, the building makes us”.E architectural beauty lies in its performance of the network age art architectural space, architect, or at least is the art of a special form, building with building language authoring, artistic expression to the outside world a thought or a explains a significance.The architectural language in the creative process in writing these meanings.While the network age of a main interpretation of the expression of every thought.E building is the author of a creative passion, artistic, aesthetic taste, social experience, the internal state of mind and to describe the depth of understanding of the object.The e-age, and paper are no longer the only vector of architecture, as history and bamboo from Oracle to ask, and development to paper and printing.Computer architecture expression, in fact already started showing up, is different from the previously static drawings, it displays the information of the expression, and broadband Internet use media real-time interactive publication makes the comprehensive development of the architectural design.All in all, a cultural background of the building, the accumulation of a rich cultural connotations of the building, either the environment it reflected the cultural heritage of the human spirit, but also with their own interpretation to the concept of beauty, building rich language and of endless aftertaste.http://004km.cn / http:// 004km.cn

建筑美學(xué)淺談

簡介：好的建筑是令人窒息的美麗。我們幾乎可以比較嚴(yán)格的由計(jì)算而設(shè)計(jì)出古希臘古羅馬的神廟，中世紀(jì)的教堂或是古代的寺廟，但卻無法預(yù)測到安藤忠雄的“光的教堂”，他的誕生著實(shí)令人為之一振。在牧師的講壇后應(yīng)該是神圣的永恒不變的墻體，人類的思維應(yīng)該在這面墻體上凝固，可是，安藤卻大膽地在墻上流出了一個(gè)垂直于水平的相交的開口，形成了一個(gè)“光的十字”，把神的光芒引到人間。這種光的神靈意味更強(qiáng)烈的震撼著人的心靈。

關(guān)鍵字：建筑美學(xué),地域,自然環(huán)境

我們所處的物質(zhì)環(huán)境中,有些內(nèi)容讓人長久無法忘懷，有些東西則如過眼云煙轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝。有時(shí)，沒有經(jīng)過刻意雕琢過的東西卻擁有著精良的品質(zhì)，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诃h(huán)境中所扮演的角色令人折服，他們?cè)跉v史中上演的一幕令人不能小覷。建筑是精神和幻想世界的物化形式，是一個(gè)人們想不斷完善的世界。即使是在城市空間或建筑成為現(xiàn)實(shí)后，人們依然可以察覺到當(dāng)初建筑所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，這種內(nèi)容決定了不可見的氣氛的情緒。同時(shí)，建筑標(biāo)志著過去——墻壁之間可自覺的歷史——也孕育著將來顯著的變化。

好的建筑是令人窒息的美麗。我們幾乎可以比較嚴(yán)格的由計(jì)算而設(shè)計(jì)出古希臘古羅馬的神廟，中世紀(jì)的教堂或是古代的寺廟，但卻無法預(yù)測到安藤忠雄的“光的教堂”，他的誕生著實(shí)令人為之一振。在牧師的講壇后應(yīng)該是神圣的永恒不變的墻體，人類的思維應(yīng)該在這面墻體上凝固，可是，安藤卻大膽地在墻上流出了一個(gè)垂直于水平的相交的開口，形成了一個(gè)“光的十字”，把神的光芒引到人間。這種光的神靈意味更強(qiáng)烈的震撼著人的心靈。

建筑之美在于其根植于自然環(huán)境，又服從于自然環(huán)境。多樣的建筑形式，各異的建筑風(fēng)格適宜于不同的自然環(huán)境，與風(fēng)景林木地形溶為一體，形成了各種建筑文化自己的美的語言。

不同的地域，不同的自然環(huán)境，作為人與自然總結(jié)的建筑，向植物一樣落地生根。合天時(shí)，合地利，適宜于各種地區(qū)自然環(huán)境的要求，與大自然融為一體。

在東南亞和南亞各國，在中國的海南島和臺(tái)灣島，椰林茂密，氣候炎熱，人們用椰樹林棕櫚葉蓋起了適應(yīng)熱帶雨林的茅草房，小木樓，通風(fēng)輕盈涼爽簡潔，建起了熱帶雨林建筑；在中亞西亞，在中國的西部高寒地區(qū)，人們用石塊壘砌，依山就勢蓋起了石板建筑，避風(fēng)擋雪保溫御寒，筑成了高原山地建筑。如中國的西藏青海四川等少數(shù)民族在中國西部，依山就勢建起可各式各樣的山地建筑群。在中國的黃土高原，漠北戈壁，雨量稀少，氣候干燥，人們利用山邊土坡挖地筑房，建起了具有鮮明特色的生土建筑。甘肅敦煌藝術(shù)陳列館把建筑埋入山坡下，半開敞式入口，山坡?lián)鯄︷?，生土式建筑特征十分明顯。在美國的東部，在澳大利亞，在中國的南方，雨量充沛，氣候溫和，人們用木材磚瓦依山就勢，因地制宜，蓋起了遮陽避雨，通風(fēng)透氣，造型別致的濕熱地區(qū)建筑。可見，不同地區(qū)的建筑有著自己美的語言。

建筑之美在于其詩情畫意，中國古典園林的建筑就是卓有代表的一例。盡管他不間斷地以借景，對(duì)景，框景等諸多視覺手法向人們展示著如畫般的意境,然而僅以視覺沖擊，他還無以有如此撼人的魅力。除了中國古典園林自身所蘊(yùn)含的文化底蘊(yùn)，哲學(xué)思想外，他的深意還在于調(diào)動(dòng)了人的其他感官知覺?！傍P篁類長笛，流水當(dāng)鳴笛”表現(xiàn)其聲；“竹院金風(fēng)細(xì)，荷塘花氣香”表現(xiàn)其味；“聚拳石為山，環(huán)斗水為池”又體現(xiàn)了他的尺度，更不用說“幽閉以獨(dú)處，登高以暢懷”表達(dá)的情緒了。中國建筑之美包羅萬象：竹影婆娑，風(fēng)舞幽篁，菏香苒苒，香遠(yuǎn)益清；池景賞心，亭榭宜人等等等等。正是這耳聲目色，月圓花好，造就了中國古典園林的知覺意象，體現(xiàn)了他的詩情畫意。

建筑之美是一個(gè)多軸的坐標(biāo)系。在不同的歷史時(shí)期，不同地域文化，不同民族背景下都不盡相同。中國古代人們心中的美學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)則是統(tǒng)一的，正如當(dāng)時(shí)的中央集權(quán)，幾乎動(dòng)員了全部當(dāng)時(shí)的建筑手段共同創(chuàng)造出完整的藝術(shù)形式。因此，中國的建筑體現(xiàn)了儒家思想，正統(tǒng)而有氣魄;中國園林蘊(yùn)含著道家思想，極力效法自然，極度自由，變化多端。而古希臘在哲學(xué)與藝術(shù)等等的一切知識(shí)，都是在追求永恒的完美，所以在精神層次上他們追求靈性的完美，在自然界中他們則追求一種永恒的形象美，在某種程度上，他們的美是一元的。

1840年，恩格斯在他的早期著作《七個(gè)菲利特的故鄉(xiāng)》一文中，論述了古典建筑中山重點(diǎn)新風(fēng)格的美學(xué)特征：“希臘式的建筑師人感到明快，摩爾時(shí)的建筑（指北非，南歐的伊斯蘭建筑）使人覺得猶豫，哥特式建筑神圣的令人心醉神迷；希臘式的建筑風(fēng)格相艷陽天，摩爾式的建筑風(fēng)格像星光閃爍的黃昏，哥特式建筑的風(fēng)格像朝霞?！笨傊煌慕ㄖ兄煌赖谋磉_(dá)。

建筑之美在于其隨意之處竟顯精致，雖由人做宛自天成的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。無論是拼貼，是變異，抑或是殘缺，奇險(xiǎn)，當(dāng)代建筑設(shè)計(jì)中的“非和諧”意識(shí)引人注目的一種傾向。

例如，后現(xiàn)代主義建筑將拼貼正式引入建筑創(chuàng)作中,磯崎新的筑波中心是典型事例。他將歷史上和當(dāng)代的烈度，羅曼諾，米開朗基羅，穆爾，霍來因等很多人的片斷從原來的文脈中撕拉出來，進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)換和拼貼，構(gòu)成了一個(gè)相互撞擊的新系統(tǒng)，猶如維拉斯貴茲的《宮廷的侍女們》中的群體肖像，從而激起人們的思索。古代建筑的遺跡，戰(zhàn)爭廢墟，廢棄物使一些藝術(shù)家和建筑師感受到殘缺的美感或造型上的力度。比如較早運(yùn)用殘缺守法的建筑師霍來因，在士林珠寶店的設(shè)計(jì)中，他將平整的花崗巖砌成的外立面撕開了一個(gè)大缺口，造成一種撞擊感，使得光線從種神秘的投射出來。而解構(gòu)主義建筑師同樣以夸張的姿態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)構(gòu)圖的奇險(xiǎn)于動(dòng)勢的感覺，其審美意趣表現(xiàn)為失穩(wěn)，失重，滑動(dòng)，翻傾，墜落等等非平衡的奇險(xiǎn)構(gòu)圖。

美是發(fā)展變化的，古人提出的悲劇，秀雅，崇高，尊貴，樸素等遠(yuǎn)不能涵蓋當(dāng)今出現(xiàn)的各種各樣的審美形態(tài)。當(dāng)代建筑領(lǐng)域的“非和諧”具有復(fù)雜性，它開拓了建筑造型與審美的空間，使建筑之美與“和諧”的含義變得更為豐富。

建筑之美在于其是情理交織的。建筑的演進(jìn)，在某種意義上是情感與理性的交織發(fā)展過程。情感與理性的關(guān)系，從曾經(jīng)相互抵觸，逐漸發(fā)展到相互融合的階段。

建筑學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,情感與理性的界限正變的模糊。光之于黑暗的出現(xiàn)，正如情感之于理性，對(duì)理性的否定恰確認(rèn)了理性的存在，而建筑物正是憑借了一定的功能，成為了使用功能的物質(zhì)承擔(dān)者。在這個(gè)層面上，建筑包含與生俱來的理性成分。

當(dāng)越過現(xiàn)代工業(yè)文明追溯到遠(yuǎn)古，我們會(huì)驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種人的心靈情感因素早已有之。建筑在厚重巨大的形態(tài)下，蘊(yùn)藏了心靈的柔性與無形的時(shí)間。在精確細(xì)致的比例尺度中營造著細(xì)膩的情感，“表達(dá)了愉快與明朗的情緒，??燦爛，陽光照耀的白晝??”（恩格斯語）?；氐疆?dāng)代，建筑界多元共存，風(fēng)格多變；現(xiàn)代主義潮起潮落，后現(xiàn)代主義剛在歷史舞臺(tái)上上演，又被“瘋狂”的解構(gòu)狂嘯湮沒?！板e(cuò)時(shí)”“共生”“隱喻”“象征”“高技”??.似乎在一夜之間,建筑成了傳遞情感的最佳媒介。因此，在認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)代建筑思潮以及對(duì)未來建筑時(shí)，建筑之美的情理解和則是思辨的基點(diǎn)之一。

建筑之美在于科學(xué)技術(shù)對(duì)藝術(shù)和建筑創(chuàng)作的影響，這是20世紀(jì)藝術(shù)和建筑發(fā)展中，最鮮明的有益于以往時(shí)代的特征。

技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使得建筑師的夢(mèng)想成為可能。藝術(shù)的作用表現(xiàn)與人與自然，社會(huì)的關(guān)系，使生活的爆滿，從感性上體驗(yàn)自然和人生的韻律和詩意。這時(shí)候的建筑界逐漸形成了“反形式美學(xué)”“高技美學(xué)”“生態(tài)美學(xué)”和“可維持發(fā)展的美學(xué)”為代表的新興建筑美學(xué)體系。

“反形式美學(xué)”有意違反了形式美學(xué)的規(guī)律。古典美學(xué)追求和諧統(tǒng)一，而他提倡沖突破碎，通過拓展美的對(duì)立面要求采用沖突，對(duì)抗，滑稽，幽默等方式與手法來提高建筑的表現(xiàn)力?！案呒济缹W(xué)”強(qiáng)調(diào)高技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，講究文化情感的表述，注重建筑靈活性和多樣性，努力表現(xiàn)地方性與歷史文化的內(nèi)涵，如讓*努維爾設(shè)計(jì)的阿拉伯世界研究中心?！吧鷳B(tài)美學(xué)”以自然生態(tài)的完整，穩(wěn)定，和諧為審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，追求自然美與人工美的完美結(jié)合，諾曼*福斯特設(shè)計(jì)的威爾士國家植物園，將自然納入其中營造人工氣候，這在過去是不可能想象的。在科技的支持下，簡直已經(jīng)能夠突破自然，結(jié)構(gòu)的約束?！翱沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展美學(xué)”把自然，生態(tài)，社會(huì)作為一個(gè)完整的系統(tǒng)，將人與自然的相互依賴和相互和諧，作為審美理想，追求著滿足人類生存需要，又創(chuàng)造良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境美學(xué)價(jià)值。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的建筑形式已經(jīng)出場——e建筑。神奇的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)在像一場風(fēng)暴席卷著全球，正以其無法估量的巨大沖擊力改變著我們生活的每一個(gè)方面?？萍嫉拿恳淮芜M(jìn)步都或多或少影響到建筑和城市的發(fā)展，就像電影的發(fā)明同時(shí)也就意味著電影院這類的建筑產(chǎn)生一樣。

溫斯頓*丘吉爾那就廣為傳播的警句說“我們?cè)炀徒ㄖ?，建筑也造就我們”。e建筑之美在于它表現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的建筑空間，建筑師藝術(shù)，或者至少是藝術(shù)的一種特殊形式，建筑時(shí)采用建筑的語言創(chuàng)作，凡是藝術(shù)都要向外界表達(dá)一種思想或說明一種意義。建筑語言在創(chuàng)作過程中書寫了這些意義。而網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的一件主詮釋了每一個(gè)思想的表達(dá)。e建筑凝聚了作者的創(chuàng)作激情，藝術(shù)修養(yǎng)，審美趣味，社會(huì)閱歷，內(nèi)在心境和對(duì)描繪對(duì)象深度的理解。

e時(shí)代，紙不再只是建筑的唯一載體，正像歷史上從甲骨文到竹簡問，又發(fā)展到紙和印刷術(shù)一樣。計(jì)算機(jī)建筑表達(dá)，事實(shí)上已經(jīng)開始顯示出強(qiáng)大的說服力，不同于一張張靜止的圖紙，它顯示了信息的動(dòng)態(tài)表達(dá)，并在寬帶互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上利用媒體實(shí)時(shí)交互式發(fā)布，使得建筑設(shè)計(jì)全面發(fā)展。

總之，孕育著一個(gè)文化背景的建筑，積淀著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵的建筑，既可以折射出所處環(huán)境的文化傳統(tǒng)，人文精神，同時(shí)也以其自身詮釋著美的概念，建筑豐富的語言中裹著的是讓人無盡的回味。

第四篇：證書翻譯

高中畢業(yè)證翻譯模板

GRADUATION CERTIFICATE Made by Jiangsu Educational Committee PHOTO No.XXXXXXXX BZ Zi,No.XXXXXXX Yangzhou Middle School, Jiangsu Province(seal)The special Seal of Middle School Roll Administration of Yangzhou Educational Bureau(embossed seal)The student XXX,is from Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province, femail,18 years old, completed all subjects with qualified marks from September 1999 to July 2002 for 3 years at Senior Middle School Department of Yangzhou Middle School, Jiangsu Province.With qualified marks, she is hereby granted graduation.Yangzhou Middle School, Jiangsu Province(seal)

Headmaster:XXX(seal)July 20,2008-5-23

Graduate Certificate XXXX UNIVERSITY GRADUATE CERTIFCATE No.XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX(Name), XX(Sex), born in XXX, has been an undergraduate majoring in XXXX in the Department of XXXX of XXXX University from Aug, 2001 to July, 2005.He has completed the entire prescribed 4 years undergraduate courses, passed all the examinations and is entitiled to be a graduate of XXXX University.President Seal of University

在讀證明英文樣本

March 9,2006 To whom it may concerned, This is to certify that Ms./Mr.xxx,who came to our school in september 2002 as a bachelor student, is majoring in xxx.At pre-sent,she/he is on her/his fourth year in our school, and her/his student number isxxxxxx.This letter will be the only proof of the truth of her/his status.在校證明（大學(xué)、中學(xué)）

在校證明（大學(xué)）

**，男，出生于****年*月*日，****年*月進(jìn)入我校學(xué)習(xí)，現(xiàn)為我校**專業(yè)*年級(jí)的學(xué)生。該生在校期間學(xué)習(xí)成績優(yōu)異，尊敬師長，團(tuán)結(jié)同學(xué)，積極參加各項(xiàng)集體活動(dòng)，是一名品學(xué)兼優(yōu)的好學(xué)生。因其近期準(zhǔn)備出國留學(xué)深造，我校同意其出國計(jì)劃并提供其成績?nèi)缦拢?/p>

成 績 科 目 第一學(xué)年 第二學(xué)年 第三學(xué)年 第四學(xué)年

********* 75 ********* 82 ********* 86 ********* 79 ********* 93 ********* 88 ********* ___ *********---*********---

特此證明！

校 長：

************大學(xué) ****年**月****日

School Certificate *****, male, born on May , 19*, was admitted to ******** Middle School in September 19**.Now he is studying at Class **, Grade **.****** obeys all the rules, respects teachers, united with students, takes actively part in all kinds of actives and is a student of good character and scholarship.Record Subject Grade One Grade Two Grade Three

First Term Second Term First Term Second Term First Term Second Term Politics Chinese Mathematics English Physics Chemistry Geography Biology P.E.History

Hereby certified!Principal: *********** Middle School October **, 20**

在校證明（中學(xué)）

******, **，出生于****年*月*日，****年*月考入**********中學(xué)，現(xiàn)為我校高*.*班的學(xué)生，該生在校期間尊敬師長，團(tuán)結(jié)同學(xué)，遵守學(xué)校的各項(xiàng)規(guī)章制度，積極參加學(xué)校組織的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，是一名品學(xué)兼優(yōu)的學(xué)生。

成 績 科 目 高 一 高 二 高 三

上學(xué)期 下學(xué)期 上學(xué)期 下學(xué)期 上學(xué)期 下學(xué)期 政 治

語 文

數(shù) 學(xué)

英 語

物 理

化 學(xué)

地 理

生 物

體 育

歷 史

特此證明！校長：

********中學(xué)

父母擔(dān)保信（支持聲明）

Letter of Supporting **/**/20** To: British Embassy Dear Sir or Madam: I am the applicant ********’s father/mather and guarantor for his study in Britain, *****(父親/母親名).I have been working as the ******(職位名)in *************Co.Ltd.since **** with annual income RMB***, 000(excluding year-end bonus)after tax.For better development in the future, my son, ******** decided to go to Britain for further study.I am willing to provide my savings RMB**0, 000 to support my son.I guarantee that my son ****** will have no economic difficulties in Britain and obey the laws and regulations.I am willing to bear all the responsibility if any problems happen.Please give kind consideration to my son *****’s visa application.Thanks a lot!I hereby to guarantee!*****(申請(qǐng)人父親/母親)Signature: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

擔(dān)保信

致：英國大使館： 尊敬的簽證官先生/女士：

我是申請(qǐng)人***的父親/母親兼其在英國留學(xué)的擔(dān)保人，***，1996年至今工作于*****有限公司，任*****一職，年薪為人民幣***萬元（稅后，不含年終獎(jiǎng)金）。我兒***為了將來能有更廣闊的就業(yè)前景，計(jì)劃赴英國學(xué)習(xí)，我愿意提供我的積蓄**萬人民幣的銀行存款作為他赴英國留學(xué)的費(fèi)用。我保證我兒***在英國期間不會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面遇到任何困難，并保證他不會(huì)觸犯任何法律,若有任何問題，我愿意承擔(dān)一切責(zé)任！

希望簽證官對(duì)我兒**的簽證申請(qǐng)給予善意的考慮，謝謝！

特此擔(dān)保！

**** 簽名：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 20**年**月**日

擔(dān)保人工作及收入證明（非法人）

在職及收入證明

致：英國大使館 尊敬的簽證官先生/女士

****有限公司成立于1995年，注冊(cè)資金為***萬元，公司主要經(jīng)營******。***自1995年以來一直任我公司的*****，主要負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)公司的*****。***工作兢兢業(yè)業(yè)，業(yè)績突出，為公司帶來了可觀的利潤。****的年薪為人民幣12萬元（其中包括基本工資、獎(jiǎng)金及年終分紅），其個(gè)人所得稅由我公司根據(jù)《中華人民共和國個(gè)人所得稅暫行條例》代扣代繳。

因其兒/女***赴英國留學(xué)深造的需要，我公司特出據(jù)此證明，證明***有足夠的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力支付其兒/女在英國期間的留學(xué)費(fèi)用。

總經(jīng)理：

*****有限公司 二00一年*月*日

Working and Income Certificate 10/10/2001 To: British Embassy *** Co., Ltd.was founded in 1995 with the registered capital of 1000,000.00.Our company’s major business is ***.Mrs.*** has been working as *** in *** Co., Ltd.since 1995.He/She is mainly responsible for the *** of our company , *** achieved outstandingly and had brought our company considerable profit.***’s yearly income is RMB120, 000(including salary, award and year-end bonus)and her personal income tax has been deducted and paid by our company according to P.R.C Provisional Regulations of Personal Income Tax.For her son/daughter ***’s need of further study in Britain, we hereby to certify that **** has ability to cover all the expenses.General Manager: ***** Co., Ltd.中國學(xué)歷、學(xué)位證書標(biāo)準(zhǔn)翻譯

《中華人民共和國學(xué)位條例》

“Regulations Concerning Academic Degrees in the People's Republic of China”

QUOTE: 結(jié)業(yè)證書 Certificate of Completion 畢業(yè)證書 Certificate of Graduation 肄業(yè)證書 Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/Attendance/Study 教育學(xué)院 College/Institute of Education 中學(xué) Middle[Secondary] School 師范學(xué)校 Normal School[upper secondary level] 師范專科學(xué)校 Normal Specialised Postsecondary College 師范大學(xué) Normal[Teachers] University 公正書 Notarial Certificate ?？茖W(xué)校 Postsecondary Specialised College 廣播電視大學(xué) Radio and Television University 中等?？茖W(xué)校 Secondary Specialised School 自學(xué)考試 Self-Study Examination 技工學(xué)校 Skilled Workers[Training] School 業(yè)余大學(xué) Spare-Time University 職工大學(xué) Staff and Workers University 大學(xué) University(regular,degree-granting)職業(yè)大學(xué) Vocational University 中國學(xué)歷、學(xué)位證書標(biāo)準(zhǔn)翻譯 QUOTE: 大學(xué)畢業(yè)證書

Let it be known that Mr.Wen Huang, native of Jiangsu Province, born on August 30, 1973, having specialized in Marketing in the Department of Economics & Management from Sept.1995 to July 1998 and having completed the four year undergraduate program with qualified standing, is hereby awarded this Certificate of Graduation.大學(xué)學(xué)位證書

This is to certify that Mr.Wen Huang, born in Jiangsu Province on August 30, 1973 has studied for 4 years(from Sept.1995 to July 1998)in the department of Economics & Management majoring in Marketing, has completed all the courses prescribed in the Teaching Program, and has passed all the exams necessary for graduation from Nanjing University.Having fulfilled the requirements stipulated by the Academic Degree Regulations of the People's Republic of China, he/she is awarded the degree of Bachelor of Business.碩士學(xué)位證書

Certificate of Master Degree University of Nanjing

We the undersigned hereby certify that Mr.Wen Huang having fulfilled the requirements of the Ordinances and Regulations of the University was by the University authority admitted to the Degree of Master of Business Administration at a Congregation held in the University on July 14, 1999.成績單課程翻譯參考表

1.Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 高等計(jì)算流體力學(xué) 2.Advanced Mathematics 高等數(shù)學(xué)

3.Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等數(shù)值分析 4.Algorithmic Language 算法語言

5.Analogical Electronics 模擬電子電路

6.Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序設(shè)計(jì) 7.Audit 審計(jì)學(xué)

8.Automatic Control System 自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng) 9.Automatic Control Theory 自動(dòng)控制理論 10.Auto-Measurement Technique 自動(dòng)檢測技術(shù) 11.Basis of Software Technique 軟件技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) 12.Calculus 微積分

13.Catalysis Principles 催化原理

14.Chemical Engineering Document Retrieval 化工文獻(xiàn)檢索 15.Circuitry 電子線路

16.College English 大學(xué)英語

17.College English Test(Band 4)CET-4 18.College English Test(Band 6)CET-6 19.College Physics 大學(xué)物理

20.Communication Fundamentals 通信原理 21.Comparative Economics 比較經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 22.Complex Analysis 復(fù)變函數(shù)論 23.Computational Method 計(jì)算方法

24.Computer Graphics 圖形學(xué)原理

25.computer organization 計(jì)算機(jī)組成原理 26.computer architecture 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)

27.Computer Interface Technology 計(jì)算機(jī)接口技術(shù) 28.Contract Law 合同法

29.Cost Accounting 成本會(huì)計(jì)

30.Circuit Measurement Technology 電路測試技術(shù) 31.Database Principles 數(shù)據(jù)庫原理

32.Design & Analysis System 系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì) 33.Developmental Economics 發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 34.discrete mathematics 離散數(shù)學(xué) 35.Digital Electronics 數(shù)字電子電路

36.Digital Image Processing 數(shù)字圖像處理

37.Digital Signal Processing 數(shù)字信號(hào)處理 38.Econometrics 經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量學(xué)

39.Economical Efficiency Analysis for Chemical Technology 化工技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析

40.Economy of Capitalism 資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)

41.Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves 電磁場與電磁波 42.Electrical Engineering Practice 電工實(shí)習(xí)43.Enterprise Accounting 企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)

44.Equations of Mathematical Physics 數(shù)理方程 45.Experiment of College Physics 物理實(shí)驗(yàn) 46.Experiment of Microcomputer 微機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)

47.Experiment in Electronic Circuitry 電子線路實(shí)驗(yàn) 48.Fiber Optical Communication System 光纖通訊系統(tǒng) 49.Finance 財(cái)政學(xué)

50.Financial Accounting 財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì) 51.Fine Arts 美術(shù)

52.Functions of a Complex Variable 單復(fù)變函數(shù) 53.Functions of Complex Variables 復(fù)變函數(shù)

54.Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformations 復(fù)變函數(shù)與積分變換

55.Fundamentals of Law 法律基礎(chǔ)

56.Fuzzy Mathematics 模糊數(shù)學(xué) 57.General Physics 普通物理

58.Graduation Project(Thesis)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）59.Graph theory 圖論

60.Heat Transfer Theory 傳熱學(xué)

61.History of Chinese Revolution 中國革命史 62.Industrial Economics 工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 63.Information Searches 情報(bào)檢索 64.Integral Transformation 積分變換

65.Intelligent robot(s);Intelligence robot 智能機(jī)器人 66.International Business Administration 國際企業(yè)管理 67.International Clearance 國際結(jié)算 68.International Finance 國際金融 69.International Relation 國際關(guān)系

70.International Trade 國際貿(mào)易

71.Introduction to Chinese Tradition 中國傳統(tǒng)文化

72.Introduction to Modern Science & Technology 當(dāng)代科技概論 73.Introduction to Reliability Technology 可靠性技術(shù)導(dǎo)論 74.Java Language Programming Java 程序設(shè)計(jì) 75.Lab of General Physics 普通物理實(shí)驗(yàn) 76.Linear Algebra 線性代數(shù)

77.Management Accounting 管理會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)

78.Management Information System 管理信息系統(tǒng) 79.Mechanic Design 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) 80.Mechanical Graphing 機(jī)械制圖

81.Merchandise Advertisement 商品廣告學(xué) 82.Metalworking Practice 金工實(shí)習(xí)

83.Microcomputer Control Technology 微機(jī)控制技術(shù) 84.Microeconomics & Macroeconomics 西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 85.Microwave Technique 微波技術(shù) 86.Military Theory 軍事理論

87.Modern Communication System 現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng) 88.Modern Enterprise System 現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度

89.Monetary Banking 貨幣銀行學(xué)

90.Motor Elements and Power Supply 電機(jī)電器與供電 91.Moving Communication 移動(dòng)通訊 92.Music 音樂

93.Network Technology 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 技術(shù)

94.Numeric Calculation 數(shù)值計(jì)算

95.Oil Application and Addition Agent 油品應(yīng)用及添加劑

96.Operation & Control of National Economy 國民經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行與調(diào)控 97.Operational Research 運(yùn)籌學(xué)

98.Optimum Control 最優(yōu)控制 99.Petroleum Chemistry 石油化學(xué)

100.Petroleum Engineering Technique 石油化工工藝學(xué) 101.Philosophy 哲學(xué)

102.Physical Education 體育

103.Political Economics 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 104.principle of compiling 編譯原理 105.Primary Circuit（反應(yīng)堆）一回路 106.Principle of Communication 通訊原理 107.Principle of Marxism 馬克思主義原理 108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.Principle of Mechanics 機(jī)械原理 Principle of Microcomputer 微機(jī)原理 Principle of Sensing Device 傳感器原理

Principle of Single Chip Computer 單片機(jī)原理 Principles of Management 管理學(xué)原理

Probability Theory & Stochastic Process 概率論與隨機(jī)過程 Procedure Control 過程控制

Programming with Pascal Language Pascal語言編程 Programming with C Language C語言編程

Property Evaluation 工業(yè)資產(chǎn)評(píng)估 Public Relation 公共關(guān)系學(xué)

Pulse & Numerical Circuitry 脈沖與數(shù)字電路 Refinery Heat Transfer Equipment 煉廠傳熱設(shè)備 Satellite Communications 衛(wèi)星通信

Semiconductor Converting Technology 半導(dǎo)體變流技術(shù) Set Theory 集合論

Signal & Linear System 信號(hào)與線性系統(tǒng) Social Research 社會(huì)調(diào)查

software engineering 軟件工程

SPC Exchange Fundamentals 程控交換原理 Specialty English 專業(yè)英語 Statistics 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)

Stock Investment 證券投資學(xué)

Strategic Management for Industrial Enterprises 工業(yè)企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理

132.Technological Economics 技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 133.Television Operation 電視原理 134.Theory of Circuitry 電路理論

135.Turbulent Flow Simulation and Application 湍流模擬及其應(yīng)用 136.Visual C++ Programming Visual C++程序設(shè)計(jì)

137.Windows NT Operating System Principles Windows NT操作系統(tǒng)原理

138.Word Processing 數(shù)據(jù)處理

139.中國旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)地理 Tourism Economic Geography of CHINA 140.中外飲食文化 Chinese and Foreign Dietetic Culture 141.會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)分析 The Analysis of Accounting Information System 142.Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 高等計(jì)算流體力學(xué) 143.144.145.146.147.148.149.150.151.152.153.154.155.156.157.158.159.160.161.162.163.164.165.166.167.168.169.Advanced Mathematics 高等數(shù)學(xué)

Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等數(shù)值分析 Algorithmic Language 算法語言

Analogical Electronics 模擬電子電路

Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序設(shè)計(jì) Audit 審計(jì)學(xué)

Automatic Control System 自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng) Automatic Control Theory 自動(dòng)控制理論 Auto-Measurement Technique 自動(dòng)檢測技術(shù)

Basis of Software Technique 軟件技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) Calculus 微積分

Catalysis Principles 催化原理

Chemical Engineering Document Retrieval 化工文獻(xiàn)檢索 Circuitry 電子線路

College English 大學(xué)英語

College English Test(Band 4)CET-4 College English Test(Band 6)CET-6 College Physics 大學(xué)物理

Communication Fundamentals 通信原理

Comparative Economics 比較經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Complex Analysis 復(fù)變函數(shù)論 Computational Method 計(jì)算方法 Computer Graphics 圖形學(xué)原理

Computer Interface Technology 計(jì)算機(jī)接口技術(shù) Contract Law 合同法

Cost Accounting 成本會(huì)計(jì)

Circuit Measurement Technology 電路測試技術(shù) 170.Database Principles 數(shù)據(jù)庫原理

171.Design & Analysis System 系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì) 172.Developmental Economics 發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 173.Digital Electronics 數(shù)字電子電路

174.Digital Image Processing 數(shù)字圖像處理 175.Digital Signal Processing 數(shù)字信號(hào)處理 176.Econometrics 經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量學(xué)

177.Economical Efficiency Analysis for Chemical Technology 化工技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析

178.Economy of Capitalism 資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)

179.Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves 電磁場與電磁波 180.181.182.183.184.185.186.187.188.Electrical Engineering Practice 電工實(shí)習(xí)Enterprise Accounting 企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)

Equations of Mathematical Physics 數(shù)理方程 Experiment of College Physics 物理實(shí)驗(yàn) Experiment of Microcomputer 微機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)

Experiment in Electronic Circuitry 電子線路實(shí)驗(yàn) Fiber Optical Communication System 光纖通訊系統(tǒng) Finance 財(cái)政學(xué)

Financial Accounting 財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)

189.Fine Arts 美術(shù)

190.Functions of a Complex Variable 單復(fù)變函數(shù) 191.Functions of Complex Variables 復(fù)變函數(shù)

192.Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformations 復(fù)變函數(shù)與積分變換

193.Fundamentals of Law 法律基礎(chǔ) 194.Fuzzy Mathematics 模糊數(shù)學(xué) 195.General Physics 普通物理

196.Graduation Project(Thesis)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）197.Graph theory 圖論 198.199.200.201.202.203.204.205.Heat Transfer Theory 傳熱學(xué)

History of Chinese Revolution 中國革命史 Industrial Economics 工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Information Searches 情報(bào)檢索 Integral Transformation 積分變換

Intelligent robot(s);Intelligence robot 智能機(jī)器人 International Business Administration 國際企業(yè)管理 International Clearance 國際結(jié)算 206.207.208.209.210.211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.226.227.228.229.230.231.232.233.234.235.236.237.238.239.240.241.242.243.International Finance 國際金融

International Relation 國際關(guān)系 International Trade 國際貿(mào)易

Introduction to Chinese Tradition 中國傳統(tǒng)文化

Introduction to Modern Science & Technology 當(dāng)代科技概論 Introduction to Reliability Technology 可靠性技術(shù)導(dǎo)論 Java Language Programming Java 程序設(shè)計(jì) Lab of General Physics 普通物理實(shí)驗(yàn) Linear Algebra 線性代數(shù)

Management Accounting 管理會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)

Management Information System 管理信息系統(tǒng) Mechanic Design 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) Mechanical Graphing 機(jī)械制圖

Merchandise Advertisement 商品廣告學(xué)

Metalworking Practice 金工實(shí)習(xí)

Microcomputer Control Technology 微機(jī)控制技術(shù) Microeconomics & Macroeconomics 西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Microwave Technique 微波技術(shù) Military Theory 軍事理論

Modern Communication System 現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)

Modern Enterprise System 現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度 Monetary Banking 貨幣銀行學(xué)

Motor Elements and Power Supply 電機(jī)電器與供電 Moving Communication 移動(dòng)通訊 Music 音樂

Network Technology 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 技術(shù) Numeric Calculation 數(shù)值計(jì)算

Oil Application and Addition Agent 油品應(yīng)用及添加劑

Operation & Control of National Economy 國民經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行與調(diào)控 Operational Research 運(yùn)籌學(xué)

Optimum Control 最優(yōu)控制 Petroleum Chemistry 石油化學(xué)

Petroleum Engineering Technique 石油化工工藝學(xué) Philosophy 哲學(xué)

Physical Education 體育

Political Economics 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Primary Circuit（反應(yīng)堆）一回路 Principle of Communication 通訊原理 244.245.246.247.248.249.250.251.252.253.254.255.256.257.258.259.260.261.262.263.Principle of Marxism 馬克思主義原理

Principle of Mechanics 機(jī)械原理 Principle of Microcomputer 微機(jī)原理 Principle of Sensing Device 傳感器原理

Principle of Single Chip Computer 單片機(jī)原理 Principles of Management 管理學(xué)原理

Probability Theory & Stochastic Process 概率論與隨機(jī)過程 Procedure Control 過程控制

Programming with Pascal Language Pascal語言編程 Programming with C Language C語言編程 Property Evaluation 工業(yè)資產(chǎn)評(píng)估

Public Relation 公共關(guān)系學(xué)

Pulse & Numerical Circuitry 脈沖與數(shù)字電路 Refinery Heat Transfer Equipment 煉廠傳熱設(shè)備 Satellite Communications 衛(wèi)星通信

Semiconductor Converting Technology 半導(dǎo)體變流技術(shù) Set Theory 集合論

Signal & Linear System 信號(hào)與線性系統(tǒng) Social Research 社會(huì)調(diào)查

SPC Exchange Fundamentals 程控交換原理

264.Specialty English 專業(yè)英語 265.Statistics 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)

266.Stock Investment 證券投資學(xué)

267.Strategic Management for Industrial Enterprises 工業(yè)企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理

268.Technological Economics 技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 269.Television Operation 電視原理 270.Theory of Circuitry 電路理論

271.Turbulent Flow Simulation and Application 湍流模擬及其應(yīng)用 272.Visual C++ Programming Visual C++程序設(shè)計(jì)

273.Windows NT Operating System Principles Windows NT操作系統(tǒng)原理

274.Word Processing 數(shù)據(jù)處理

各種留學(xué)文件模板——參加學(xué)會(huì)、社團(tuán)證明

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: This is to certify that Mr.Liang is a member of IEMC(Institute of Education for Mass Communication)since 1982.To the best of my knowledge, Mr.liang has been a senior lecturer teaching in the Dept.of Mass Communication, Beijing University since the beginning of 1984.He is also teaching some courses in Joint College.I would like to mention that Mr.Liang is responsible.aggressive and gets along with his colleagues very well.Hence, he also demonstrates superior scholastic capacity and his potential for further academic growth.If there is any information regarding this gentleman, please do no hesitate to let me know.Best Regards.各種留學(xué)文件模板——大學(xué)獲獎(jiǎng)證明

Tsinghua University!NO.742821 November 22, 1985 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:)

This is to certify that Miss Liu a senior student in our Department of International Trade College of Law, received four times the Book Coupon Awards, which only students among the top five percent are entitled to.President

國家教委出具的公費(fèi)留學(xué)財(cái)力證明

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA TO Whom It May Concern: This is to certify that Mr.Wan Li, born, June 17, 1960, a native of People's Republic of China, graduated from Tsinghua University, and he has been awarded a government scholarship by this commission for studying abroad.The scholarship is for two academic years.covering his / her living costs,full tuition required by the host university, round trip travelling expenses, as well as other miscellaneous fees.8 [5 i8 e* |8 a6 s$ C% QThe money will be given directly to M, who is then responsible for the payment of fees to the university.Any assistance and advice you may render to M during his / her study tour will be highly appreciated.Director Bureau of International Cultural and Educational Relations

申請(qǐng)者本人的工作經(jīng)歷證明

工作證明

*****有限公司成立于1995年，注冊(cè)資金為人民幣貳仟萬元。公司的經(jīng)營范圍主要包括********。

**先生于1995年加入我公司，后因工作業(yè)績突出，被提升為****，負(fù)責(zé)****。**先生工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，為我公司開發(fā)了廣闊的市場，使公司在競爭激烈的市場中占據(jù)了一席之地。公司給予***的年薪為人民幣4.8萬元，其個(gè)人所得稅由我公司代扣代繳。

＊＊＊先生為了將來在國內(nèi)有更好的發(fā)展，決定赴英國留學(xué)深造，我公司也十分需要高素質(zhì)的管理人才，所以我們十分贊同其留學(xué)計(jì)劃并真誠歡迎***先生學(xué)成回國后能繼續(xù)在我公司從事工作。如有進(jìn)一步需要，歡迎與我公司取得聯(lián)系！特此證明！總經(jīng)理：

＊＊＊有限公司 二00一年九月十九日

Working Certificate 19/09/2001 To British Embassy Whom It May Concern ＊＊＊＊ Development Co.Ltd.was founded in 1995 with the registered capital of RMB20, 000, 000.We mainly deal with ＊＊＊＊＊.Mr.＊＊＊ has been working in our company since 1995.Due to his outstanding working behavior, Mr.＊＊＊ was promoted to the ＊＊＊ in charge of ＊＊＊＊＊.Mr.＊＊＊ worked hard and had opening up wide market for our company, which made our company has a stable position in the keener competition.His yearly salary is RMB 48,000 and his personal income tax has been deducted and paid by our company.For better development in the future, Mr.＊＊＊ decided to go to Britain for further study.Our company needs high-qualified manager, so we totally agree with his study plan and sincerely hope that Mr.＊＊＊ can come back to our company for further work after finishing his study.Please do not hesitate to contact us if you require any further information!Hereby certified!

General Manager: ＊＊＊＊＊＊Co.Ltd.單位準(zhǔn)假信（停薪留職協(xié)議）

停薪留職協(xié)議

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊有限公司（以下簡稱甲方）與本公司職員＊＊＊＊（以下簡稱乙方）就乙方自費(fèi)赴英國留學(xué)一事達(dá)成以下協(xié)議：

甲方責(zé)任義務(wù)：

1.停薪留職期限為＊＊＊＊，自＊＊＊年至＊＊＊＊年；

2.在乙方留學(xué)期間，甲方為乙方保留職位，停發(fā)乙方月薪，按期為乙方繳納養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)金；

3.乙方畢業(yè)回國，甲方為其恢復(fù)原有職位。

乙方責(zé)任義務(wù)： 1.在留學(xué)期間，費(fèi)用自理；

2.乙方畢業(yè)后應(yīng)按本協(xié)議回甲方工作。如違反協(xié)議，甲方 將不再為乙方保留職位及待遇。

本協(xié)議一式兩份，甲、乙雙方各執(zhí)一份。協(xié)議方： 甲方： 乙方：

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊有限公司 ＊＊＊＊＊＊ ＊＊＊＊年＊＊月＊＊日

Agreement(Translation)＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊Co., Ltd.(Part A)reached an agreement with the employee ＊＊＊＊(Part B)on＊＊＊'s study in the UK by his self-support.The duty of Part A:

1.The deadline of part B’s leaving his post is ＊＊＊ year and ＊＊＊ months, from ＊＊＊to ＊＊＊;2.Party A will keep part B’s post and pay old-age pension for part B;3.Party A will resume Part B’s post when Part B returns to China after graduation.The duty of Part B:

1.Part B pays his own total fees during his study in the UK;2.After graduation, part B should go back to work at part A according to this agreement.If part B disobeys this agreement, part A will not keep part B’s post and welfare.This agreement is in duplicate.Part A and Part B each have one copy.Part a:

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊Co., Ltd.Part b:

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 00/00/0000

第五篇：翻譯證書

現(xiàn)在市面上有三張證書：A，北外和聯(lián)合國同聲傳譯處聯(lián)合舉辦的，受訓(xùn)完畢派往聯(lián)合國工作。因?yàn)殡y度頗大，受訓(xùn)人員通常比較少?；驹诒蓖庑?nèi)選拔，具有公務(wù)員性質(zhì) B，人事部的翻譯資格證書，全國通用，分為口譯和筆譯兩種。難度分別為3級(jí)，2級(jí)，1級(jí)。1級(jí)證書不公開考試，也帶有某種內(nèi)部評(píng)定的性質(zhì)，且市面上只有3級(jí)和2級(jí)的學(xué)習(xí)資料。C，上海口譯資格證書考試。該證書在三張證書中最先推廣，比較好地適應(yīng)了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，在華東地區(qū)尤其是長三角地區(qū)影響力最大。

考慮到杭州的情況和大學(xué)生畢業(yè)就業(yè)之需，提供參考觀點(diǎn)如下：

第一，北外的證書和人事部一級(jí)證書不需要去追逐，任何努力在可以預(yù)見的未來都是沒有結(jié)果的，因此這樣的努力也是不必要的。

第二，上?？谧g證書考試和人事部證書考試的難度關(guān)系：上海中級(jí)口譯證書考試比人事部的3級(jí)證書簡單些，上海高級(jí)口譯證書介于人事部的3級(jí)證書和2級(jí)證書之間。第三，考慮到絕大部分學(xué)員的英語能力，建議學(xué)員從上海的口譯證書開始學(xué)起。一來起步不是太難，學(xué)習(xí)過程中不會(huì)太受打擊。二來只要將上海高級(jí)口譯證書考試拿下，那么通過自己的能力就可以較輕松地攻克人事部的2級(jí)證書。這樣并不等于說上?？谧g證書考試難度不大。根據(jù)我的主考經(jīng)驗(yàn)和以往數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，上海口譯證書考試(筆試+口試)總體通過率均不超過12%。筆試階段中級(jí)口譯的通過率大概為40%，高級(jí)口譯的通過率不到30%。但到了口試階段，通過率更加悲壯----約為30%。因此這張證書的含金量相當(dāng)?shù)母?，所涉及的知識(shí)面和信息量也相當(dāng)?shù)膹V，是就業(yè)競爭中超越諸多英語證書的利器。

要想很好的攻克上?？谧g證書，需要從如下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)真做起：

第一，確定發(fā)展道路。如果考生有意向沖擊口譯或者翻譯能力，并且依靠該能力贏得競爭優(yōu)勢，那么按照如下做法會(huì)比較省時(shí)，高效。中級(jí)口譯筆試—〉中級(jí)口譯口試—〉高級(jí)口譯—〉高級(jí)口譯口試---〉人事部2級(jí)。在這個(gè)過程中，需要注意幾點(diǎn)：A，高級(jí)口譯不能包括中級(jí)口譯。雖然當(dāng)年本人直接越過中級(jí)口譯獲得了高級(jí)口譯證書。但事后看來，中級(jí)口譯所涉及的東西是高級(jí)口譯不具備的。中級(jí)口譯涉及的面比較微觀實(shí)用，高級(jí)口譯涉及的面抽象玄乎。B，中級(jí)口譯筆試結(jié)束后只需要沖擊口試一次，不管通過與否都無所謂。需要立刻調(diào)整狀態(tài)沖擊高級(jí)口譯，而在高級(jí)口譯階段，則需要想盡任何辦法通過口試，此處沒有后退的余地。C,高級(jí)口譯通過之后，參看人事部的3級(jí)資料，同時(shí)不要松懈對(duì)高級(jí)口譯知識(shí)點(diǎn)的理解和鞏固。這個(gè)過程大概需要一年，有了這一年的鞏固，憑借高級(jí)口譯的證書和能力，市面上已經(jīng)鮮有競爭對(duì)手，同時(shí)大小會(huì)議都能從容應(yīng)付。D，在經(jīng)過一年的鞏固和提高之后，可以沖擊人事部的2級(jí)證書，不管是筆譯證書還是口譯證書。這個(gè)時(shí)候不需要參加任何課程，自己可以比較輕松的攻克。因?yàn)榈搅诉@個(gè)階段，考生實(shí)際上已經(jīng)有了2級(jí)證書的能力，所缺乏的就是2級(jí)的證書。

第二，端正好態(tài)度?？谧g證書考試是能力和實(shí)力的體現(xiàn)，沒有多少考試技巧可言。唯有扎實(shí)的功底方能助考生勝出。建議感興趣的學(xué)員首先要好好鞏固詞匯。鑒于口譯沒有專門的詞匯，學(xué)員只要能將六級(jí)詞匯好好掌握，那么問題就不大了。通常為了中級(jí)口譯順利過關(guān)，需要將六級(jí)詞匯掌握至少5遍。為了沖擊高級(jí)口譯，需要將六級(jí)詞匯掌握20遍以上?？谧g考試不同于四六級(jí)以及考研。后者有很多的消極詞匯(passive vocabulary),即只要在考試時(shí)

認(rèn)得，不需要主動(dòng)記憶和運(yùn)用。前者需要考生記住的任何一個(gè)單詞都能為你隨心所欲的使用，因此對(duì)于詞匯要相當(dāng)?shù)氖炀殹?/p>

第三，針對(duì)上?？谧g證書考試，學(xué)員可以參考如下學(xué)習(xí)方法：重視四本書：聽力，口譯，筆譯，閱讀理解。

1，口語書的內(nèi)容可以自己參看，對(duì)于考試沒有多大的幫助。

2，聽力在筆試時(shí)占到90分，分值相當(dāng)大，不容忽視;并且聽力部分的兩個(gè)聽譯段落中有一個(gè)段落出自聽力教材。在鍛煉聽力的時(shí)候希望能夠做到如下幾點(diǎn)：A，如果聽不懂，那么參看后面的script,這樣再聽時(shí)則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原來聽不懂的東西就可以聽懂了，并且聽不懂的地方就是你的問題所在。這樣一本書聽下來，可以糾正很多的錯(cuò)誤，做到真正的提高。B，建議在聽的時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備一“材”多用，首先將它視為聽力教材，在完成這個(gè)目的之后，好好的研究內(nèi)容。它是一套不錯(cuò)的口語教材。當(dāng)然要做到這一點(diǎn)，必須在閱讀的時(shí)候從中英兩個(gè)方面來考慮，即，看著英文思考中文的意思。這樣一本書下來，不但積累了口語表達(dá)信息，也鍛煉了“譯”的能力。

3，重視口譯與筆譯的原因也很簡單。第一，分值。不管是中級(jí)還是高級(jí)，譯的成份都占到100分。其次，在口譯筆試中，尤其是高級(jí)口譯比試中，由于閱讀理解量大題難，大部分人在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)都看不完，做題時(shí)更不用說正確率了。所以這一塊的唯一解決方法就是想辦法爭取時(shí)間。這部分時(shí)間唯有從翻譯那里擠出來。如果一開始就重視翻譯和口譯，那么理想的話可以為閱讀理解多爭取一倍的時(shí)間。第二，在筆試完后大概一個(gè)月的樣子就可以知道是否有資格參加口試。如果到那個(gè)時(shí)候再準(zhǔn)備，那么已經(jīng)晚了。所以建議在筆試開始的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該看完筆譯，口譯的第一遍。在口試前的一個(gè)月內(nèi)再將這兩本書看完兩遍。第一遍看著文章推測譯文，第二遍看著譯文推測原文。第三遍和第一遍一樣。這樣三遍下來便可盡收考試要點(diǎn)，做到無招勝有招。當(dāng)然不是背下來，因?yàn)樗性囶}都是似曾相識(shí)，但又不是出自書本。

4，閱讀理解是大部分人比較忽視的一塊。但是由于口譯這個(gè)東西融入了太多的中國成份，那么久而久之，口譯學(xué)習(xí)者的語言感覺會(huì)被毒害。因此仔細(xì)閱讀《閱讀理解》這本書有助于定期解毒。同時(shí)閱讀理解提供的信息很多，值得收集。在閱讀這本書的時(shí)候不應(yīng)太快，按照自己的速度慢慢看。不要把它看作閱讀理解題目來做。重在欣賞和積累英語人士的優(yōu)美、地道表達(dá)。

至于口試部分，其實(shí)沒有多少好擔(dān)心的。出現(xiàn)一個(gè)考場16個(gè)考生不過的情況本來可以避免。關(guān)鍵是考生在筆試的時(shí)候就有投機(jī)的成份，沒有真正提高自己的英語能力。并且在口譯的時(shí)候有了太多無謂的心理壓力。通常能夠通過第一階段的考生沒有理由通不過第二階段。主要是自己嚇?biāo)雷约?，并且把過多的精力放到了口語表達(dá)上面。要想很好的處理這個(gè)問題，需要考生在第一階段時(shí)就端正態(tài)度，不要將口譯考試當(dāng)作一門有很多考試技巧的考試，而是要扎扎實(shí)實(shí)提高自己的英語能力。否則即使第一階段能夠通過，在第二階段也要栽跟頭。其次，平時(shí)練習(xí)口譯時(shí)要注意“筆記”和“聽”的比例。最好的狀態(tài)是將70%的精力放在聽上，30%的精力放在隨意筆記上。保證筆記的速度和磁帶朗讀速度一致，即篩選最重要的中心詞記錄。

第四，個(gè)人認(rèn)為口譯人人能做，不分專業(yè)和天賦。關(guān)鍵看功夫能不能花到家。在這個(gè)競爭越發(fā)激烈的社會(huì)上，和翻譯相關(guān)的行業(yè)依然保持了比較高的競爭力和工資水平;同時(shí)翻譯不是一個(gè)狹隘的概念，只要具備了高級(jí)口譯的扎實(shí)能力，那么任何考試輕松拿下;因此是值得有志青年努力追求。雖然在諸多的比試和選擇中，我們可能在某些環(huán)節(jié)處于劣勢，但是扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的高級(jí)口譯能力必將還你一個(gè)“英雄不問出處”。