第一篇：2017年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)考試之詞匯選項(xiàng)每日一練(12月15日)

英騰教育考試寶典，讓考試更簡(jiǎn)單！004km.cn

2017年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)考試之詞匯選項(xiàng)每日一練（12月15日）

詞匯選項(xiàng)第一題：

I‘m not meddling“。Mary said mildly.” I’m just curious.“

A.gently

B.shyly

C.sweetly

D.weakly 【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 mildly：溫和地、適度地；四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A 溫和地、有教養(yǎng)地，B 害羞地、膽怯地，C 舒適地、甜蜜地，D 虛弱地、微弱地。因此答案選擇A.詞匯選項(xiàng)第二題：

The President made a brief visit to Beijing.A.short

B.working

C.formal

D.secret 【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案選A.句子的意思為：總統(tǒng)短暫的訪問了北京。short意思為：短的，短暫的。因此答案為A.詞匯選項(xiàng)第三題：

Frommystandpoint，thisthingisjustridiculous.A.field

B.pointofview

C.knowledge

D.information 【正確答案】 B 【答案解析】答案選B.standpoint：觀點(diǎn)，立場(chǎng)。pointofview：觀點(diǎn)，見地。兩者意思相近。field：領(lǐng)域。knowledge：知識(shí)。information：信息。

詞匯選項(xiàng)第四題： There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.A.matches

B.maintains

C.beats

D.announces 【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 break 打破，break the record 表示“打破記錄”，同時(shí)beat the record也可用來表示“打破記錄”。

英騰教育考試寶典，讓考試更簡(jiǎn)單！004km.cn

詞匯選項(xiàng)第五題：

People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows，and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2，100 meters into the sky.Q： Pilots flying at the height of more than 2，100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 B 【答案解析】 該題說的是：飛行員飛行的高度超過2100米時(shí)，看見一個(gè)黑色的火山灰和蒸汽從火山口急速上升到空氣中。但是，文章中airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2，100 meters into the sky.說的是靠近火山的地方出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)黑色的火山灰和蒸汽上升到空氣中，其高度超過2100米。因此該命題是錯(cuò)誤的。

詞匯選項(xiàng)第六題：

Despite the bad weather，troubled health service，traffic congestion（擁擠），gender inequality，and the high cost of living，Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.Q： Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.A.right

B.wrong

C.not mentioned 【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 問題句說“愛爾蘭的生活費(fèi)用高”。該段說“盡管氣候惡劣，健康機(jī)構(gòu)混亂，交通擁擠，性別歧視仍然存在，生活費(fèi)用高，愛爾蘭所獲得的分?jǐn)?shù)仍然給人留下了深刻的印象：滿分為十分，愛爾蘭獲得了8.33分”。根據(jù)這個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容可以知道“愛爾蘭的生活費(fèi)用高”，因此問題句的說法與原文的說法一致。

詞匯選項(xiàng)第七題：

What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat？ I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking.You will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything，but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.Q： Due to the effect of alcohol，your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 本題的關(guān)鍵句為：but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.因此本題答案為A。

英騰教育考試寶典，讓考試更簡(jiǎn)單！004km.cn

詞匯選項(xiàng)第八題： Whether you work at home，on the farm，at the office，at school，or on the road，it is not a good idea to skip（故意略去）breakfast.Q： It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 B 【答案解析】 原句的意思是：無論一個(gè)人在哪干活，不吃早餐都不是個(gè)好主意。因此此命題是錯(cuò)誤的。

詞匯選項(xiàng)第九題：

You think that the biggest threat to your health when taking a shower comes from slipping on a bar of soap？ Well，guess again.Q： This paragraph is a question to which the author hopes to have a positive answer from the reader.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 B 【答案解析】 這段話的意思是：你認(rèn)為淋浴的時(shí)候?qū)】底畲蟮耐{是踩在一塊肥皂上而滑倒？好的，再猜一猜。這里的“再猜一猜”可以得知作者希望的不是一個(gè)positive answer，而是一個(gè)negative answer.詞匯選項(xiàng)第十題：

Today，not too far off Nixon‘s deadline，America is looking at that possibility.Over the weekend，Hillary Rodham Clinton，wife of former president Bill Clinton，announced her run for 2008 presidency.Q： Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 問題句說“Bill Clinton將強(qiáng)力支持Hillary參加2008年總統(tǒng)選舉”。而本段只是提到Hillary是Bill Clinton的妻子，而其部分沒有再提到Bill Clinton，由此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有被提到。

第二篇：2017年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)考試之閱讀理解每日一練(12月15日)

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2017年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)考試之閱讀理解每日一練（12月13日）

閱讀理解第一題：

I was searching for just the right word to describe this book； a word that describes something that is perhaps somewhat sad，but in a good way.I couldn‘t find quite the right word，but I do know the feeling.This book does make me feel a bit sad.Sad for the way that childhood passes so quickly，sad for days that go by，faster than we‘d like them to.But it also makes me feel the sweetness of these things and helps me remember that childhood imagination，freedom and joy are things that we can carry with us still，long after our days as children have passed.Which of the following is true about the author‘s feeling of the book？ A.It makes him feel sad for his childhood is sad.B.It makes him feel sad because he didn‘t remember his happy childhood.C.He couldn‘t describe the book，for he doesn’t know the feeling.D.He realizes that childhood imagination，freedom and joy are things that he can carry even when he is an adult.【正確答案】 D 【答案解析】 答案選D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過本段第二句I couldn‘t find quite the right word，but I do know the feeling??可排除C.通過第四句Sad for the way that childhood passes so quickly可以知道他感覺悲傷是因?yàn)橥陼r(shí)光匆匆而過，而不是因?yàn)樗耐晔潜瘋?，文中并未提及。所以A不對(duì)。同理文中也并未提及他感到悲傷是以為他沒有了童年的回憶，故B也不對(duì)。而可以通過最后一句話得出D是對(duì)的。

閱讀理解第二題：

It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon.The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes.Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit.Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.Why did the writer want to leave the hotel A.To enjoy the good weather.B.To have a change of scene.C.To spend all his winnings.D.To get away from the crew.【正確答案】B 【答案解析】 答案選B.本題的問題是：為什么作者想要離開賓館？由本段第一句可以得出答案。在賓館是十分無聊的，最后一句也寫出作者不顧天氣不好而想要出去走走，AC選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)未提及。

閱讀理解第三題： Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.These are seemingly simple 004km.cn

activities that the majority of us don‘t question.But an international team of researchers，including Dr.Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce，high-quality resources.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.B.Chimpanzee‘s behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.C.Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.D.Our ancestors‘ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees’。

【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案選A.本段第一句和第二句說明，大多數(shù)人對(duì)人類直立行走習(xí)以為常，并不質(zhì)疑這種習(xí)慣。而A的內(nèi)容正好與此相反，所以是答案。

閱讀理解第四題：

Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book Beloved.The main character in this novel，a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War，but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories.Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences，the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on； the fate of her husband，who also tried to escape； and finally，what happened to the child called Beloved.Morrison's scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.Beloved is set__________.A.on a slave ship B.on a plantation before the Civil War C.in Ohio after the Civil War D.in an African town 【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案選C.本題問的是：“寵兒”的設(shè)置背景是什么？根據(jù)本段的第二句話：a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War.可知其背景是在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之后的俄亥俄州。因此C是正確的答案。

閱讀理解第五題：

Tom，a near-sighted young man，went on a blind date with a girl.The two were satisfied with each other.And they exchanged their telephone numbers.What can we learn about Tom？

A.Tom made a good impression on the girl at first.B.It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl.C.Tom was blind.004km.cn

D.Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案選A.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從The two were satisfied with each other可知，相親過后，兩人對(duì)對(duì)方都很滿意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確，湯姆第一次見對(duì)方就留下了很好的印象。B項(xiàng)所表述內(nèi)容在文中找不到根據(jù)，不能判斷這是湯姆第幾次約會(huì)。根據(jù)文章描述，湯姆只是near-sighted，遠(yuǎn)不到盲了的地步。文章僅講述了湯姆和某一個(gè)女孩相親的精力，對(duì)他的個(gè)人魅力以及是否受女孩歡迎并未提及。

閱讀理解第六題：

Marian，the girl who wrote the original story about Roxaboxen that the children‘s book is based on，was mayor.Other kids ran the stores which sold imaginary ice cream and baked goods.Kids drove imaginary cars outside of town，and the speeders went to jail，which was guarded by the sheriff，another kid.Elsewhere，boys and girls had battles，charging each other’s bases using spears made with ocotillo，a desert plant.Who is Marian？

A.She is the author.B.She sold ice cream in Roxaboxen.C.She is the mayor of Roxaboxen in the book.D.She guards the jail in the book.【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案選C.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞鎖定短文本段。本段第一句話給出了正確答案，Marian是最先寫這個(gè)故事的人，但是并不是這本書的作者。而且是這本書中那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)。

閱讀理解第七題：

During these past few years I used Associated Content to try writing.I found writing for that site was not my cup of tea.However，my experience there was positive as I was rewarded with even more learning opportunities just by dipping my toes into the water.Through Associated Content I was introduced to the world of blogging.I decided to learn how to set up a blog myself.Now I‘m interested in blogging and continue to work as a writer.What is the author‘s purpose of using the site Associated Content？ A.To write for the site Yahoo！Contributor Network.B.To know more about other writers.C.To have one of his articles published.D.To become a network writer.【正確答案】 D 【答案解析】 答案選D.根據(jù)本段的I decided to learn how to set up a blog myself.Now I‘m interested in blogging and continue to work as a writer確定D答案。A選項(xiàng)是作者偶然獲得的結(jié)果，并非剛開始寫作時(shí)的目的，可排除；B選項(xiàng)不是作者的目的；C選項(xiàng)是作者兩年前已經(jīng)取得的成果，無需再定為自己目標(biāo)。

閱讀理解第八題： 004km.cn

Parents often decide on the basis of what their children want.Cathy，a mother told us，“My children have packed lunches，because they say they hate school dinners.I make 3 packed lunches every morning，so our kitchen is like a sandwich bar in the morning.” However，another mother，Susan made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food.She said，“My daughter always has school dinners.I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches.”

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ A.Katz thinks chips are good for his kids.B.Susan‘s daughter likes eating sandwiches.C.Cathy may have at least three children.D.Jamie likes burgers and pizzas.【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案選C.細(xì)節(jié)查找并簡(jiǎn)單推斷題。從本段，特別是I make 3 packed lunches every morning…可知Cathy有三個(gè)孩子在上學(xué)，有沒有不上學(xué)的孩子不得而知，故選項(xiàng)C為正確選項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)均與原文意思不符。

第三篇：2014年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類重點(diǎn)詞匯精選

2014年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類重點(diǎn)詞匯精選

assembly n.集合, 裝配, 集會(huì)(assembly line/裝配線);

assess v.評(píng)估(財(cái)產(chǎn), 價(jià)值, 人物、工作等);(assess – evaluate – value評(píng)估)assist v.(在某方面)幫助，援助，協(xié)助((assist sb.in doing sth/to do sth/在…方面幫助某人))

assistant n.助手, 助理(assistant engineer/助理工程師;assistant professor/副教授);

associate v.結(jié)交, 由...聯(lián)想到..., 把...聯(lián)系起來(associate one thing with another/把某一事與另一事聯(lián)系起來;...be associated with sth./...和...有關(guān)/...和...有聯(lián)系):

association n.聯(lián)合,協(xié)會(huì), 社團(tuán):

assume v.假設(shè)(assume – suppose),承擔(dān)(assume – take onensure)，使安心，讓…放心(assure sb.of/that…/向某人保證…)

astonish v.使吃驚(astonish – surprise –shock)(be astonished at sth./對(duì)…感到驚訝);

astronaut n.宇航員

at prep.[位置，場(chǎng)所，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間]在…時(shí)，在…中，在…方面，向，(表示速度，價(jià)格等)以(arrive at…/到達(dá)…;at my uncle's/在我叔父家;at the foot[top] of the mountain /在山腳下[頂上];at the meeting/在會(huì)議上;at ten o'clock/在十點(diǎn)鐘;at(the age of)forty/在 40 歲的時(shí)候;at the beginning of the month/在月初;at Christmas/在圣誕節(jié);aim at…/對(duì)準(zhǔn)..;throw …at …/朝…扔…;be pleased at…/對(duì)…感到高興;be surprised *fened+ at …/聽到…而吃驚;at one's request/應(yīng)某人的請(qǐng)求;at the rate/speed of …/以每小時(shí)..速度);

athlete: n.運(yùn)動(dòng)員

Atlantic adj.大西洋的;大西洋沿岸的(the Atlantic Ocean /大西洋);atmosphere n.大氣, 空氣, 氣氛;

attack n./v.進(jìn)攻, 疾病)侵襲，發(fā)作(a heart attack /心臟病發(fā)作);attach v.貼上，系上，縛上(attach… to … 把…貼/系在…上面)

attempt n.(常與at, on, to連用)努力, 嘗試v.(常與to連用)企圖, 嘗試(attempt to do sth./make an attempt to do sth./試圖做…);

attend v.注意, 出席(at), 參加, 上(學(xué), 教堂)(attend school /上學(xué);attend a lecture /聽講課;attend(at)a wedding /出席婚禮;be attended by/由...陪同;由...照料);

第四篇：2014年職稱英語理工類A級(jí)考試第1部分 詞匯選項(xiàng)

2014年職稱英語理工類A級(jí)考試

第1部分 詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定一個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。

1.This was disaster on cosmic scale.A.modestB.commercialC.hugeD.national

2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull

3.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A.equalB.certainC.largeD.opposite

4.His professional career spanned 16 years.A.startedB.changedC.lastedD.moved

5.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared

6.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limitB.supportC.regulateD.oppose

7.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.actB.homeworkC.justiceD.model

8.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A.motionlessB.silentC.seatedD.true

9.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A.pointB.resultC.findingD.tendency

10.His stomach felt hollow with fear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.terrible

11.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A.copyB.publishC.summarizeD.furnish

12.That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A.seriousB.beautifulC.impressiveD.ridiculous

13.The department deferred the decision for six months.A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against

14.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A.inventedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported

15.The country was torn apart by strife.A.conflictB.povertyC.warD.economy

第五篇：2014職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)完形填空及譯文

2014職稱英語教材-衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)5篇完形填空及參考譯文（紅色為書中選項(xiàng)答案）

+11Migrant Workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world's oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a

special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．a(chǎn)lthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．

+13

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were

born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitness that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people's generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge

killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “l(fā)ifestyle diseases”，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.移民工人

在過去的20年，工人從一個(gè)國(guó)家到另一個(gè)國(guó)家的趨勢(shì)越來越大。一些剛剛獨(dú)立的國(guó)家把大部分工作留給當(dāng)?shù)厝耍@一點(diǎn)是可以理解的，而另一些卻吸引和歡迎移民工人。中東地區(qū)的情況尤為如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多國(guó)家能夠召集外面的人來改進(jìn)本地設(shè)施。因此中東吸引了來自美國(guó)和歐洲的石油工人。它還從包括韓國(guó)和日本的許多國(guó)家引入了建筑工人和技師。

由于中東地區(qū)艱苦的生活和工作條件，吸引合適的工人的費(fèi)用是很高的，這不足為奇。許多工程師和技師在中東至少可以掙到他們?cè)谧约簢?guó)家兩倍的收入，這是最大的吸引力。一個(gè)相關(guān)的好處是這里的稅收低，或者根本就不收稅。這增加了來訪工人的凈收入，而且很受他們歡迎。

有時(shí)一個(gè)劣勢(shì)就有一個(gè)補(bǔ)償?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)。例如，艱苦的生活條件常常導(dǎo)致更深的友誼，因?yàn)楣と藗優(yōu)榱税踩褪孢m必須互相依賴。同樣，許多移民工人能夠存很多錢，部分原因是因?yàn)槟抢锶鄙賷蕵吩O(shè)施。工作通常是復(fù)雜的，而且充滿問題，但是這會(huì)向那些更愿解決問題而不是在自己國(guó)家里做例行工作的工程師們提出更大的挑戰(zhàn)。

影響中東的移民工人的一個(gè)主要問題是他們的工作是暫時(shí)性的。他們幾乎都是合同工，所以要讓他們很有信心地事前做出計(jì)劃是很難的。人們希望這樣，是因?yàn)闆]有一個(gè)國(guó)家歡迎大量的外國(guó)工人作為永久居民。無論如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一樣接受這個(gè)不足，因?yàn)樗麄兊玫降氖强捎^的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。夢(mèng)之閑話

人人都會(huì)做夢(mèng)，也確實(shí)每個(gè)人睡覺都做夢(mèng)。那些聲稱睡覺從來不做夢(mèng)的人其實(shí)都有做夢(mèng)，而且做夢(mèng)的頻次與其他人一樣，只是他們從來記不住自己做的夢(mèng)而已。即使是那些能清楚地意識(shí)到自己夜復(fù)一夜都在做夢(mèng)的人也很少能夠把那些細(xì)節(jié)都描述得淋漓盡致，能記住的也只是一些看起來毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的印象與場(chǎng)景組成的一團(tuán)混沌。夢(mèng)境不僅僅是視覺的，我們做夢(mèng)的時(shí)候會(huì)牽動(dòng)我們的各種器官，所以我們?cè)趬?mèng)里似乎能夠聽到聲音，能觸摸到，還能嗅到氣味，甚至嘗到味道。

埃及的《夢(mèng)幻書語》是目前世界上所發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早關(guān)于夢(mèng)的文本記載。這本書大概5000年的歷史，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在那個(gè)年代，人們就已經(jīng)相信夢(mèng)特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人們都堅(jiān)信不能驚醒睡夢(mèng)中的人，因?yàn)樵谒瘔?mèng)中，人的靈魂都會(huì)離開身體，如果別驚醒，靈魂也許就不能及時(shí)回到身體里。

從古到今，人們就一直試圖解析夢(mèng)境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多關(guān)于解夢(mèng)的書，遺憾的是，對(duì)于同一個(gè)夢(mèng)，有多少本書就會(huì)有多少種解釋。

13科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

德國(guó)研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護(hù)，使他們免遭心臟

停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報(bào)軟件。

僅在德國(guó)每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險(xiǎn)最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實(shí)在控測(cè)心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實(shí)施自動(dòng)干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個(gè)頻道的心電圖。這個(gè)綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時(shí)，凱瑟?jiǎng)谔氐母诤饘?shí)用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計(jì)算機(jī)軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準(zhǔn)確。

大部分有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查?！澳壳暗脑S多計(jì)劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動(dòng)的混亂模工作為一個(gè)直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根·納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動(dòng)頻率的變化就會(huì)受到控制，而病人個(gè)人的特征也會(huì)得到考慮?！币粋€(gè)基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

14運(yùn)動(dòng)的年輕人智商更高(新增)

瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康校醫(yī)院的科學(xué)研究院和該校校醫(yī)院的一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，身體健康的年輕人智商更高，進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也更高。

研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)上。這項(xiàng)研究的取樣樣本是1950-1976年入伍的120萬瑞典新兵。這些新兵們報(bào)到時(shí)接受了體能測(cè)試和智能測(cè)試，研究員對(duì)這兩類測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。

研究表明，健康的體能和優(yōu)秀的智能測(cè)試結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系和明顯的。最突出的就是科學(xué)思維和語言理解能力與身體健康有關(guān)。但是智商測(cè)試結(jié)果中只是健康在起作用，而與力量無關(guān)?！吧眢w健康是指，一個(gè)人心肺功能好，能將充足的氧氣源源不斷地輸入給大腦，”瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院教授和哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院校醫(yī)院首席內(nèi)科醫(yī)師邁克爾·尼爾森如說，“也許這就是為什么智商測(cè)試結(jié)果與健康之間存在明顯聯(lián)系，而與肌肉力量無關(guān)的原因之一。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)生長(zhǎng)因子也很重要?！?/p>

通過研究雙胞胎的數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員可以得出結(jié)論，智商差異來自后天的環(huán)境因素而不是先天的基因，身體越健康，智商越高。

“我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在15-18歲之間加強(qiáng)身體鍛煉的青少年往往認(rèn)知能力也較強(qiáng)，”哥德堡大學(xué)健康學(xué)研究院研究員，ABY健康中心醫(yī)師瑪利亞·啊伯格說，“倘若情況果然如此，那么體院應(yīng)成為學(xué)校中一門重要的學(xué)科，而且如果我們想要學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)和其他理論科學(xué)，體育課是非常有必要的?！?/p>

研究人員還將新兵服役入伍報(bào)到時(shí)的體格檢查和智商測(cè)試的結(jié)果與后來他們來生活中的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位進(jìn)行了比較。那些18歲是身體健康的人學(xué)歷更高，很多都能勝任高要求的工作。

15上世界人類平均壽命的變化

一百年前，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人口平均壽命約為47歲，到21世紀(jì)初，美英兩國(guó)男性平均壽命為74歲，女性約為80歲，人們的平均壽命一直在延長(zhǎng)。是什么造成這樣的變化呢？在研究100年前人類的壽命時(shí)，我們需要注意當(dāng)時(shí)的一些不治之癥。早在20世界初期，這些不治

之癥經(jīng)常是像天花之類的急性的高傳染病。許多兒童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年邁體弱的人也總面臨著他們的威脅。

如今，這些疾病在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)不能致命。這一變化歸于許多因素，比如：環(huán)境及個(gè)人衛(wèi)生的改善、抗生素的發(fā)現(xiàn)及使用（抗生素大大降低了細(xì)菌病的危險(xiǎn)）以及常見疾病預(yù)防疫苗的接種。除此之外，更潔凈的空氣、更好的食物保鮮方法、更舒適溫暖的屋子還有對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)，這些總的環(huán)境的改善也促進(jìn)了人們的整體健康。

從基因角度看，人都能活到85歲。但盡管現(xiàn)在人們壽命確實(shí)比以前長(zhǎng)了，仍然有一些疾病使得我們不能都活到那個(gè)歲數(shù)?，F(xiàn)在困擾人們的是像心臟病、中風(fēng)那些更為慢性的疾病，還有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通過病毒傳染的疾病。當(dāng)然，癌癥也是一大殺手。上述疾病大多影響著老年人，但令人擔(dān)憂的問題在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家日趨明顯，如：肥胖癥產(chǎn)生更多心臟病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群漸成年輕化。

人們?nèi)绻堰@些疾病歸為“生活方式疾病”，這意味著人們生活方式的改善有可能阻止它們的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。