第一篇：2018年職稱英語試卷結(jié)構(gòu) - 衛(wèi)生類完形填空

一、考試時間： 2小時

二、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)及上課思路：

共計65道客觀題組成。總分：100分.第一部分：詞匯選項——15題15分；

（請大家?guī)ё值?，每次課花15m)第二部分：閱讀判斷——7題7分；(講解一。重點）

第三部分：概括大意與完成句子——8題8分；(講解二。重點）

第四部分：閱讀理解——15題45分；(講解三。重點）

第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文——5題10分；

（不作重點，最后講，花一節(jié)課時間）

第六部分：完形填空——15題15分(講解四。重點）。

其中，最重點和最容易拿到分?jǐn)?shù)的有3個題型：

1、詞匯選項（職稱英語考試允許帶一本紙質(zhì)詞典）；

2、閱讀理解職稱英語考試一般規(guī)律三篇閱讀理解文章其中有1篇可能來自于國家指定教材；（2018年真題中，綜合類;真題中與課本完全一樣的為第38篇why so many children? 課文與5個題目及備選答案連順序都一樣。

理工類;真題中與課本完全一樣的為第43篇 forecasting methods,課文與閱讀內(nèi)容一樣，但出題的題目及備選答案有變化，不與課本完全一致。

衛(wèi)生類：

真題中與課本完全一樣的為第45篇 DNA Fingerpring,課文與閱讀內(nèi)容一樣，但出題的題目及備選答案有變化，不與課本完全一致。

3、完形填空題目可能來自于國家指定教材。（2018年真題中，綜合類;真題中與課本一樣的為第14篇family history。理工類;真題中與課本一樣的為第13篇 better solar engery system:more heat,more bright。

衛(wèi)生類：

真題中與課本一樣的為第13篇 scientists develop ways of detecting heart attack。

三、考場查詞技巧

1、對于詞匯選項題，建議查詞時最好從B)和C)答案查起，在A)、B)、C)、D)四個選項的情況下，往往B)和C)正確的幾率較大。如2013年答案答案：1——15

adbda，caccb，cadbb。相比而言，b和c出現(xiàn)了四次。A和d出現(xiàn)了三次。因此我們建議在做詞匯選項題時，遇到生詞最好從B)和C)答案查起。這樣如果能從B）或C）中找到答案可大大節(jié)省時間。

2、重點查閱單詞的常用解釋

我們都知道一個單詞有時會有好幾個意思。在這里我們告訴大家職稱英語考試中一般都考察該詞語的前三個義項為主。剩下的很多解釋一般不會考察。

3、在確定了正確答案之后，不必為驗證答案而將其他選項單詞全部查一遍，以免浪費做題時間。

4、所查詞匯要抓住重點，要學(xué)習(xí)根據(jù)上下文意思去理解，切記挨個去查。

5、四個備選答案都不懂的，先放在一塊，選做完其他的再到回來查。

四、考試出題思路

（一）詞匯選項(15分)

只從考試用書中出2~3個小題，其余都是從書外出

（二）閱讀判斷(7分)

此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內(nèi)容。短文后有七個句子，需要判斷是A正確、B錯誤，還是C沒有提到。

先不要看短文，要先快速瀏覽(短文后的)七個小題，先畫出“信息詞更加明顯的題。按”信息詞“快速回到短文，找到對應(yīng)位置再加以判斷。

（三）概括大意與完成句子(8分)

分為兩部分，(1)概括大意：此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內(nèi)容。從短文后的方框中A—F六項里選出一項來概括所要求的段落。

先看A—F六項后概括所要求的段落，重點盯住段落的第一句或第二句，或最后一句。

(2)完成句子：此部分也不從書中出題，因此也不要硬背書中的內(nèi)容。從短文后的方框中A—F六項里選出一項來接準(zhǔn)5—8小題的尾部來完成句子。(a)先看5-8題的結(jié)尾部分，根據(jù)要求來選A—F的選項。(b)按照上(5-8題)與下(A—F選項)相通相順來選。(c)將5-8題回歸到原文中理解后，再選A—F項。

（四）閱讀理解(三篇短文，每篇15分，共45分)

(1)從指定用書中出一篇，此分?jǐn)?shù)一定要拿到。從書外出兩篇，難度低于書中短文。從指定用書中出的一篇，注意：新增教材

(2)從書外出的兩篇，要采取“查讀法”來作，即：先看短文后的五個問題，畫出“信息詞”，快速按“信息詞”找到位置再按要求作題。

（五）補(bǔ)全短文(10分)P222為例

此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內(nèi)容。短文中有五條線，也就是缺少五個句子。短文后有A—F六個選項，從中選出適合填補(bǔ)到短文中五條線上的選項。注意技巧，確保2個對4分，爭取3個對6分。

（六）完形填空(15分)

從書中(15篇中)出一篇。注意+號的那幾篇。特別注意空白處的“左”和“右”。剩下幾天，注意背誦現(xiàn)有空格出的固定短語等。另外，注意先掌握+號的那幾篇的中文意思。（以2018年真題為例）

“______”代表原來課本的空格，“()”代表真題的位置，總之，考試真題的空格會向前移動或向后移動。

衛(wèi)生類完型填空

第十三篇 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack 【科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法】

German researchers have __ 1 __ a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater(51)__ 2 __ sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually(52)a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases __ 3 __ by disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at(53)are patients who have __ 4 __ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in(54)__ 5 __ disruption to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devices __ 6__(55)a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator __ 7 __(56)of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG.within the body.This integrated system allows(57)diagnosis of __ 8__ blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in(58)for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that(59)of ECG data __ 9 __.The overwhelming __ 10 __ of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this(60)undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only __ 11__(61)into account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making use __ 12__ a non-linear process(62)reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “__ 13 __ changes in the heart(63)over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based __ 14__ 600 patients who had(64)a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show __ 15 __ the new software evaluates the(65)considerably better.科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

德國研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護(hù)，使他們免遭心臟停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報軟件。僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實施自動干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計算機(jī)軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準(zhǔn)確。

大部分有風(fēng)險的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查?！澳壳暗脑S多計劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根?納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮?！币粋€基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

練習(xí)：

1.A come up B come up with C come up to D come up against 2.A to B for C with D from 3.A are caused B caused C are to cause D have been causing 4.A easily B readily C frequently D already 5.A disease-producing B health-improving C life-threatening error-correcting 6.A take in B take after C take on D take from 7.A capable B able C skillful D skilled 8.A chronic B acute C recurrent D persistent 9.A precisely B more precisely C precision D more precise 10.A maximum B minimum C majority D minority 11.A get B take C bring D fetch 12.A of B with C for D in 13.A Similarly B In this manner C Otherwise D In this way 14.A in B for C upon D with 15.A what B where C that D when

科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

D 德國研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護(hù)，使他們免遭心臟停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報軟件。僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實施自動干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計算機(jī)軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準(zhǔn)確。

大部分有風(fēng)險的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查?！澳壳暗脑S多計劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根?納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮。”一個基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

第二篇：2014職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級完形填空及譯文

2014職稱英語教材-衛(wèi)生類A級5篇完形填空及參考譯文（紅色為書中選項答案）

+11Migrant Workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world's oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a

special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．a(chǎn)lthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．

+13

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were

born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitness that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people's generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge

killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “l(fā)ifestyle diseases”，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.移民工人

在過去的20年，工人從一個國家到另一個國家的趨勢越來越大。一些剛剛獨立的國家把大部分工作留給當(dāng)?shù)厝?，這一點是可以理解的，而另一些卻吸引和歡迎移民工人。中東地區(qū)的情況尤為如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多國家能夠召集外面的人來改進(jìn)本地設(shè)施。因此中東吸引了來自美國和歐洲的石油工人。它還從包括韓國和日本的許多國家引入了建筑工人和技師。

由于中東地區(qū)艱苦的生活和工作條件，吸引合適的工人的費用是很高的，這不足為奇。許多工程師和技師在中東至少可以掙到他們在自己國家兩倍的收入，這是最大的吸引力。一個相關(guān)的好處是這里的稅收低，或者根本就不收稅。這增加了來訪工人的凈收入，而且很受他們歡迎。

有時一個劣勢就有一個補(bǔ)償?shù)膬?yōu)勢。例如，艱苦的生活條件常常導(dǎo)致更深的友誼，因為工人們?yōu)榱税踩褪孢m必須互相依賴。同樣，許多移民工人能夠存很多錢，部分原因是因為那里缺少娛樂設(shè)施。工作通常是復(fù)雜的，而且充滿問題，但是這會向那些更愿解決問題而不是在自己國家里做例行工作的工程師們提出更大的挑戰(zhàn)。

影響中東的移民工人的一個主要問題是他們的工作是暫時性的。他們幾乎都是合同工，所以要讓他們很有信心地事前做出計劃是很難的。人們希望這樣，是因為沒有一個國家歡迎大量的外國工人作為永久居民。無論如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一樣接受這個不足，因為他們得到的是可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。夢之閑話

人人都會做夢，也確實每個人睡覺都做夢。那些聲稱睡覺從來不做夢的人其實都有做夢，而且做夢的頻次與其他人一樣，只是他們從來記不住自己做的夢而已。即使是那些能清楚地意識到自己夜復(fù)一夜都在做夢的人也很少能夠把那些細(xì)節(jié)都描述得淋漓盡致，能記住的也只是一些看起來毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的印象與場景組成的一團(tuán)混沌。夢境不僅僅是視覺的，我們做夢的時候會牽動我們的各種器官，所以我們在夢里似乎能夠聽到聲音，能觸摸到，還能嗅到氣味，甚至嘗到味道。

埃及的《夢幻書語》是目前世界上所發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早關(guān)于夢的文本記載。這本書大概5000年的歷史，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在那個年代，人們就已經(jīng)相信夢特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人們都堅信不能驚醒睡夢中的人，因為在睡夢中，人的靈魂都會離開身體，如果別驚醒，靈魂也許就不能及時回到身體里。

從古到今，人們就一直試圖解析夢境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多關(guān)于解夢的書，遺憾的是，對于同一個夢，有多少本書就會有多少種解釋。

13科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

德國研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護(hù)，使他們免遭心臟

停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報軟件。

僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實施自動干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計算機(jī)軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準(zhǔn)確。

大部分有風(fēng)險的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查。“目前的許多計劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根·納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮。”一個基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

14運動的年輕人智商更高(新增)

瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康校醫(yī)院的科學(xué)研究院和該校校醫(yī)院的一項最新研究表明，身體健康的年輕人智商更高，進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也更高。

研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在美國國家科學(xué)院學(xué)報上。這項研究的取樣樣本是1950-1976年入伍的120萬瑞典新兵。這些新兵們報到時接受了體能測試和智能測試，研究員對這兩類測試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。

研究表明，健康的體能和優(yōu)秀的智能測試結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系和明顯的。最突出的就是科學(xué)思維和語言理解能力與身體健康有關(guān)。但是智商測試結(jié)果中只是健康在起作用，而與力量無關(guān)?！吧眢w健康是指，一個人心肺功能好，能將充足的氧氣源源不斷地輸入給大腦，”瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院教授和哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院校醫(yī)院首席內(nèi)科醫(yī)師邁克爾·尼爾森如說，“也許這就是為什么智商測試結(jié)果與健康之間存在明顯聯(lián)系，而與肌肉力量無關(guān)的原因之一。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)生長因子也很重要?！?/p>

通過研究雙胞胎的數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員可以得出結(jié)論，智商差異來自后天的環(huán)境因素而不是先天的基因，身體越健康，智商越高。

“我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在15-18歲之間加強(qiáng)身體鍛煉的青少年往往認(rèn)知能力也較強(qiáng)，”哥德堡大學(xué)健康學(xué)研究院研究員，ABY健康中心醫(yī)師瑪利亞·啊伯格說，“倘若情況果然如此，那么體院應(yīng)成為學(xué)校中一門重要的學(xué)科，而且如果我們想要學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)和其他理論科學(xué)，體育課是非常有必要的?！?/p>

研究人員還將新兵服役入伍報到時的體格檢查和智商測試的結(jié)果與后來他們來生活中的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位進(jìn)行了比較。那些18歲是身體健康的人學(xué)歷更高，很多都能勝任高要求的工作。

15上世界人類平均壽命的變化

一百年前，發(fā)達(dá)國家的人口平均壽命約為47歲，到21世紀(jì)初，美英兩國男性平均壽命為74歲，女性約為80歲，人們的平均壽命一直在延長。是什么造成這樣的變化呢？在研究100年前人類的壽命時，我們需要注意當(dāng)時的一些不治之癥。早在20世界初期，這些不治

之癥經(jīng)常是像天花之類的急性的高傳染病。許多兒童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年邁體弱的人也總面臨著他們的威脅。

如今，這些疾病在發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)不能致命。這一變化歸于許多因素，比如：環(huán)境及個人衛(wèi)生的改善、抗生素的發(fā)現(xiàn)及使用（抗生素大大降低了細(xì)菌病的危險）以及常見疾病預(yù)防疫苗的接種。除此之外，更潔凈的空氣、更好的食物保鮮方法、更舒適溫暖的屋子還有對營養(yǎng)的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識，這些總的環(huán)境的改善也促進(jìn)了人們的整體健康。

從基因角度看，人都能活到85歲。但盡管現(xiàn)在人們壽命確實比以前長了，仍然有一些疾病使得我們不能都活到那個歲數(shù)?，F(xiàn)在困擾人們的是像心臟病、中風(fēng)那些更為慢性的疾病，還有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通過病毒傳染的疾病。當(dāng)然，癌癥也是一大殺手。上述疾病大多影響著老年人，但令人擔(dān)憂的問題在發(fā)達(dá)國家日趨明顯，如：肥胖癥產(chǎn)生更多心臟病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群漸成年輕化。

人們?nèi)绻堰@些疾病歸為“生活方式疾病”，這意味著人們生活方式的改善有可能阻止它們的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

第三篇：江蘇省職稱英語理工-完形填空

江蘇省職稱英語理工——完形填空

江蘇省職稱英語理工——完形填空

江蘇省職稱英語理工——完形填空

江蘇省職稱英語理工——完形填空

第四篇：2013衛(wèi)生類 閱讀理解 完形填空目錄

2013衛(wèi)生類 閱讀理解 完形填空目錄

第一篇納米保健技術(shù)走向貧困國家Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor

第二篇醫(yī)學(xué)雜志Medical Journals

第三篇廚房油煙可致癌Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

第四篇孕期婦女宜多補(bǔ)充多維制劑Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women第五篇美國人吃鹽過量U.S.Eats Too Much Salt

第六篇自行車的危險Pushbike Peril

第七篇深夜喝咖啡Late-night Drinking

第八篇Eat Healthy（2012新增，2012年4月真題）

第九篇美國將在一月啟動一項耗資三十二億美元的兒童健康研究項目U.S.to Start $.Billion Child Health Study in January

第十篇換抽雪茄Cigars Instead?

第十一篇失眠Sleeplessness

第十二篇關(guān)于感冒的常識Common-cold Sense

第十三篇藥反應(yīng)——至死的主要原因Drug Reactions—A Major Cause of Death

第十四篇夢Dreams

第十五篇樂觀情緒助你遠(yuǎn)離感冒Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay第十六篇睡眠（綜合C+衛(wèi)生C）Sleep

第十七篇食用土豆能促進(jìn)我們的免疫系統(tǒng)Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost

第十八篇老年糖尿病患者進(jìn)行體育鍛煉可以取代胰島素治療Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

第十九篇Prolonging Human Life（2012新增）

第二十篇FDA：人畜排泄物危及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品FDA: Human Animal Waste Threatens Produce

第二十一篇早期或稍晚期的日托Early or Later Day Care

第二十二篇被饑荒顛覆的埃及Egypt Felled by Famine

第二十三篇產(chǎn)后抑郁癥——婦女自殺的罪魁禍?zhǔn)譇fter-birth Depression Blamed for Woman’s Suicide

第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories（2012新增）

第二十五篇諾貝爾獎的公布從醫(yī)學(xué)獎開始．Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements

第二十六篇肥胖癥——西方世界的災(zāi)禍Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World

第二十七篇艾滋病治療的新突破（2012新增，2012年4月真題）New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus

第二十八篇農(nóng)業(yè)作物的病害Diseases of Agricultural Plants

第二十九篇肥 胖 癥Obesity

第三十篇安靜和致死Silent and Deadly

第三十一篇動物間的間隔距離Spacing in Animals

第三十二篇果汁和蔬菜汁與水果和蔬菜一樣對人體有益Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies

第三十三篇非運動場所滑冰與損傷In-line Skating and Injuries第三十四篇 Who Want to Live Forever?（2012新增）

第三十五篇單親幼兒最出色Single-parent Kids Do Best

第三十六篇日光有害兒童健康Dangerous Sunshine to Children第三十七篇發(fā)現(xiàn)高血壓藥品可降低中風(fēng)的危險Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke

第三十八篇懷孕異常會降低乳腺癌發(fā)生率Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk

第三十九篇泳池監(jiān)護(hù)Pool Watch

第四十篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others（2012新增，2012年4月真題）第四十一篇腎病和心臟病相互刺激Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other

第四十二篇早老性癡呆研究的新進(jìn)展More about Alzheimer’s Disease第四十三篇視力損傷的學(xué)生的教育Education of Students with Vision Impairments

第四十四篇水 污 染W(wǎng)ater Pollution第四十五篇DNA指紋DNA Fingerprinting

第四十六篇營養(yǎng)不良Malnutrition

第四十七篇治療AIDS藥物的抗藥性會很快消失Drug Resistance Fades Quickly in Key Aids Drug

第四十八篇智商和基因IQ-Gene

第四十九篇同性戀生物學(xué)家A Gay Biologist

第五十篇一千五百萬美國人患有社交焦慮癥15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder

【2013職稱英語】衛(wèi)生類2013教材完形填空目錄及文章word整理

第一篇 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found第二篇 Going on a diet（2012新增）（2012年4月真題）第三篇 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live第四篇 Diet，Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers第五篇 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence*第六篇 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify fflV Treatment *第七篇 Exercise*第八篇 Old And Active（2012新增）（2012年4月真題）*第九篇 Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits*第十篇 Hospital Mistreatment+ 第十一篇 Migrant Workers+ 第十二篇 Dreams（2012新增）（2012年4月真題）

+ 第十三篇 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack+ 第十四篇 Homosexuals（2012新增）+ 第十五篇 Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head（2012新增）

第五篇：2011年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類押題（定稿）

Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don’t eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，”said Xu Li.a 45-year-old local woman.“I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less.’’

Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3

“Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，”said Dr Tan Binyong，honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College.“It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”

He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.詞匯：

1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?

D Patients with lung cancer become younger，especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?

B Breast cancer.3.What symptoms may be complmned of by most women with lung cancer after long term.close

contact with cooking oil fumes?

A Irritated eyes and throat.4.What was the local women’s reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?

B Surprised.5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women’s lung cancer?

D Personal health and physical condition.第十八篇

Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

Most older people with so-called typeⅡdiabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes iust three times a week，according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent，the newspaper reported.This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II，all more than 60 years of age，exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months.After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2

Associate Professor3 Dr.Hemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthv non-exercising persons.“This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups.Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes，4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms.At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，”Dela was quoted as saying.6

Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat，but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of9 the importance of exercise，Dela added.1.How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?

C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.2.Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin bv B 30 per cent.3.The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included

A elderly non-diabetic men.B elderly type II diabetic men.D both A and B.4.To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?

A To the degree where they begin to sweat.5.According to Dela，among most diabetics the importance of exercise is the importance of watching their diet.C less understood than

Preventing Child Maltreatment

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries，especially low-and middle-income countries，are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study.Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless.international studies reveal that approximately 20%of women and 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children，while 25-50%of all children report being physically abused.Additionally，many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).Every year，there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls，bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development.Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural，physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4

Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment，there is an economic impact，including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatmenthave been identified.These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment.A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated ,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent ,being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6

1.The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT according to the passage.C there is a shortage of the professional date collectors

2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused.3.Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT according to the passage.B diarrhea

4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?

A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when、he grows up.5.The maltreated chidlren often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT according to the passage.D thev often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents

第三十四篇

Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue.Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy.They constitute a growing and global public health problem.WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for control.Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments.the pharmaceutical industry，and international agencies.WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance;rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：introducing or

enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription;and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures.including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO’s World Health Day 2011.練習(xí)：

1.Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?

A.The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.2.Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?

C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.3.Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?

D Those who study in universities.4.All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT

D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they Can use.5.What can you infer from the passage?

B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.