第一篇：TED英語演講稿：探尋美式中餐的由來

【演講內(nèi)容節(jié)選】

Chinese restaurants have played an important role in American history, as a matter of fact.The Cuban missile crisis was resolved in a Chinese restaurant called Yenching palace in Washington, D.C., which unfortunately is closed now, and about to be turned into Walgreen's.And the house that John Wilkes Booth planned the assassination of Abraham Lincoln is actually also now a Chinese restaurant called Wok 'n Roll, on H Street in Washington.事實上，中國餐館在美國歷史上發(fā)揮了很重要的作用。古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)是在華盛頓一家名叫“燕京館”的中餐館里解決的。很不幸，這家餐館現(xiàn)在關(guān)門了，即將被改建成沃爾格林連鎖藥店。而約翰·威爾克斯·布斯刺殺林肯總統(tǒng)的那所房子現(xiàn)在也成了一家中餐館，就是位于華盛頓的“鍋和卷”。

And if you think about it, a lot of the foods that you think of or we think of or Americans think of as Chinese food are barely recognizable to Chinese, for example: beef with broccoli, egg rolls, General Tso's Chicken, fortune cookies, chop suey, the take-out boxes.如果你仔細(xì)想想，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)很多你們所認(rèn)為或我們所認(rèn)為，或是美國人所認(rèn)為的中國食物，中國人并不認(rèn)識。比如西蘭花牛肉、蛋卷、左宗棠雞、幸運(yùn)餅干、雜碎、外賣盒子。

So, the interesting question is, how do you go from fortune cookies being something that is Japanese to being something that is Chinese? Well, the short answer is, we locked up all the Japanese during World War II, including those that made fortune cookies, so that's the time when the Chinese moved in, kind of saw a market opportunity and took over.所以有趣的是，幸運(yùn)餅干是怎么從日本的東西變成中國的東西的呢?簡單地說，我們在二戰(zhàn)時扣押了所以的日本人，包括那些做幸運(yùn)餅干的。這時候，中國人來了，看到了商機(jī)，自然就據(jù)為己有了。

General Tso's Chicken--which, by the way, in the US Naval Academy is called Admiral Tso's Chicken.I love this dish.The original name in my book was actually called The Long March of General Tso, and he has marched very far indeed, because he is sweet, he is fried, and he is chicken--all things that Americans love.左宗棠雞，在美國海軍軍校被稱為左司令雞。我很喜歡這道菜。在我的書里，這道菜實際上叫左將軍的長征，它確實在美國很受歡迎，因為它是甜的，油炸的，是雞肉做的——全部都是美國人的最愛。

So, you know, I realized when I was there, General Tso is kind of a lot like Colonel Sanders in America, in that he's known for chicken and not war.But in China, this guy's actually known for war and not chicken.我意識到左宗棠將軍有點(diǎn)像美國的桑德斯上校(肯德基創(chuàng)始人)，因為他是因雞肉而出名的而不是戰(zhàn)爭。而在中國，左宗棠確實是因為戰(zhàn)爭而不是雞肉聞名的。

So it's kind of part of the phenomenon I called spontaneous self-organization, right, where, like in ant colonies, where little decisions made by--on the micro-level actually have a big impact on the macro-level.這就有點(diǎn)像我所說的自發(fā)組織現(xiàn)象。就像在螞蟻群中，在微觀層面上做的小小決定會在宏觀層面上產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。

And the great innovation of Chicken McNuggets was not nuggetfying them, because that's kind of an easy concept, but the trick behind Chicken McNuggets was, they were able to remove the chicken from the bone in a cost-effective manner, which is why it took so long for other people to copy them.麥樂雞塊的發(fā)明并沒有給他們帶來切實收益，因為這個想法很簡單，但麥樂雞背后的技巧是如何用一種劃算的方式來把雞肉從骨頭上剔出來。這就是為什么過了這么久才有人模仿他們。

We can think of Chinese restaurants perhaps as Linux: sort of an open source thing, right, where ideas from one person can be copied and propagated across the entire system, that there can be specialized versions of Chinese food, you know, depending on the region.我們可以把中餐館比作Linux：一種開源系統(tǒng)。一個人的想法可以在整個系統(tǒng)中被復(fù)制，被普及。在不同的地區(qū)，就有特別版本的中國菜。

第二篇：TED英語演講稿

01.Remember to say thank you

Hi.I'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.And the way I got interested in this was, I noticed in myself, when I was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that I would want to say thank you to someone, I would want to praise them, I would want to take in their praise of me and I'd just stop it.And I asked myself, why? I felt shy, I felt embarrassed.And then my question became, am I the only one who does this? So, I decided to investigate.I'm fortunate enough to work in the rehab facility, so I get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction.And sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them.But then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son.It's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.So my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we need? I know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, “Thank you for being the breadwinner, so I can stay home with the kids,” but won't ask.I know a woman who's good at this.She, once a week, meets with her husband and says, “I'd really like you to thank me for all these things I did in the house and with the kids.” And he goes, “Oh, this is great, this is great.” And praise really does have to be genuine, but she takes responsibility for that.And a friend of mine, April, who I've had since kindergarten, she thanks her children for doing their chores.And she said, “Why wouldn't I thank it, even though they're supposed to do it?”

So, the question is, why was I blocking it? Why were other people blocking it? Why can I say, “I'll take my steak medium rare, I need size six shoes,” but I won't say, “Would you praise me this way?” And it's because I'm giving you critical data about me.I'm telling you where I'm insecure.I'm telling you where I need your help.And I'm treating you, my inner circle, like you're the enemy.Because what can you do with that data? You could neglect me.You could abuse it.Or you could actually meet my need.And I took my bike into the bike store--I love this--same bike, and they'd do something called “truing” the wheels.The guy said, “You know, when you true the wheels, it's going to make the bike so much better.” I get the same bike back, and they've taken all the little warps out of those same wheels I've had for two and a half years, and my bike is like new.So, I'm going to challenge all of you.I want you to true your wheels: be honest about the praise that you need to hear.What do you need to hear? Go home to your wife--go ask her, what does she need? Go home to your husband--what does he need? Go home and ask those questions, and then help the people around you.And it's simple.And why should we care about this? We talk about world peace.How can we have world peace with different cultures, different languages? I think it starts household by household, under the same roof.So, let's make it right in our own backyard.And I want to thank all of you in the audience for being great husbands, great mothers, friends, daughters, sons.And maybe somebody's never said that to you, but you've done a really, really good job.And thank you for being here, just showing up and changing the world with your ideas.02.The benefits of a bilingual brain

?Hablas espa?ol? Parlez-vous fran?ais? ni hui shuo zhong wen ma? If you answered “si”,”oui” or ”hui” and you are watching this in English, chances are you belong to the world bilingual and multilingual majority.And besides having an easier time traveling, or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work differently than those of your monolingual friends.So what does it really mean to know a language?

Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading.While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in vary proportions.And depending on their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be classified into three general types.For example, let’s take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she was two-years old.As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously, with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to process the world around her.Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while continuing to speak Spanish at home and with friends.Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a secondary language by filtering it through their primary language.Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language regardless of accent and pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to be a casual observer.But recent advances in imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split.The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization develops gradually with age, has lead to the critical period hypothesis.According to this theory, children learn languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left.If this is true, learning a language in childhood may give you a more holistic grasp of its social and emotional contexts.Conversely, recent research showed that people who learned a second language in adulthood exhibit less emotional bias and a more rational approach when confronting problems in the second language than their native one.But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some remarkable advantages.Some of these are even visible, such higher density of the gray matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language.The heightened workout a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimers and Dementia by as much as 5 years.The idea of major cognitive benefits to bilingualism may seem intuitive now, but it would have surprised earlier experts.Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the child’s development by forcing them to spend them too much energy distinguishing between languages, a view based largely on flawed studies.And while a more recent study did show that reaction times and errors increase for some bilingual students in cross-language tests, it also showed that the effort and attention needed to switch between languages triggered more activity in, and potentially strengthened, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.This is the part of brain that plays a large role in executive function, problem solving, switching between tasks, and focusing while filtering out irrelevant information.So, while bilingual may not necessarily make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, ”Hello,” to “Hola”, ”Bonjour” or “ninhao’s” because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way.03.Feats of memory anyone can do

I'd like to invite you to close your eyes.Imagine yourself standing outside the front door of your home.I'd like you to notice the color of the door, the material that it's made out of.Now visualize a pack of overweight nudists on bicycles.They are competing in a naked bicycle race, and they are headed straight for your front door.I need you to actually see this.They are pedaling really hard, they're sweaty, they're bouncing around a lot.And they crash straight into the front door of your home.Bicycles fly everywhere, wheels roll past you, spokes end up in awkward places.Step over the threshold of your door into your foyer, your hallway, whatever's on the other side, and appreciate the quality of the light.The light is shining down on Cookie Monster.Cookie Monster is waving at you from his perch on top of a tan horse.It's a talking horse.You can practically feel his blue fur tickling your nose.You can smell the oatmeal raisin cookie that he's about to shovel into his mouth.Walk past him.Walk past him into your living room.In your living room, in full imaginative broadband, picture Britney Spears.She is scantily clad, she's dancing on your coffee table, and she's singing “Hit Me Baby One More Time.” And then, follow me into your kitchen.In your kitchen, the floor has been paved over with a yellow brick road, and out of your oven are coming towards you Dorothy, the Tin Man, the Scarecrow and the Lion from “The Wizard of Oz,” hand-in-hand, skipping straight towards you.Okay.Open your eyes.I want to tell you about a very bizarre contest that is held every spring in New York City.It's called the United States Memory Championship.And I had gone to cover this contest a few years back as a science journalist, expecting, I guess, that this was going to be like the Superbowl of savants.This was a bunch of guys and a few ladies, widely varying in both age and hygienic upkeep.They were memorizing hundreds of random numbers, looking at them just once.They were memorizing the names of dozens and dozens and dozens of strangers.They were memorizing entire poems in just a few minutes.They were competing to see who could memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards the fastest.I was like, this is unbelievable.These people must be freaks of nature.And I started talking to a few of the competitors.This is a guy called Ed Cook, who had come over from England, where he had one of the best-trained memories.And I said to him, “Ed, when did you realize that you were a savant?” And Ed was like, “I'm not a savant.In fact, I have just an average memory.Everybody who competes in this contest will tell you that they have just an average memory.We've all trained ourselves to perform these utterly miraculous feats of memory using a set of ancient techniques, techniques invented 2,500 years ago in Greece, the same techniques that Cicero had used to memorize his speeches, that medieval scholars had used to memorize entire books.” And I said, “Whoa.How come I never heard of this before?”

And we were standing outside the competition hall, and Ed, who is a wonderful, brilliant, but somewhat eccentric English guy, says to me, “Josh, you're an American journalist.Do you know Britney Spears?” I'm like, “What? No.Why?” “Because I really want to teach Britney Spears how to memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards on U.S.national television.It will prove to the world that anybody can do this.”

I was like, “Well, I'm not Britney Spears, but maybe you could teach me.I mean, you've got to start somewhere, right?” And that was the beginning of a very strange journey for me.I ended up spending the better part of the next year not only training my memory, but also investigating it, trying to understand how it works, why it sometimes doesn't work, and what its potential might be.And I met a host of really interesting people.This is a guy called E.P.He's an amnesic who had, very possibly, the worst memory in the world.His memory was so bad, that he didn't even remember he had a memory problem, which is amazing.And he was this incredibly tragic figure, but he was a window into the extent to which our memories make us who we are.At the other end of the spectrum, I met this guy.This is Kim Peek, he was the basis for Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie “Rain Man.” We spent an afternoon together in the Salt Lake City Public Library memorizing phone books, which was scintillating.And I went back and I read a whole host of memory treatises, treatises written 2,000-plus years ago in Latin, in antiquity, and then later, in the Middle Ages.And I learned a whole bunch of really interesting stuff.One of the really interesting things that I learned is that once upon a time, this idea of having a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory was not nearly so alien as it would seem to us to be today.Once upon a time, people invested in their memories, in laboriously furnishing their minds.Over the last few millenia, we've invented a series of technologies--from the alphabet, to the scroll, to the codex, the printing press, photography, the computer, the smartphone--that have made it progressively easier and easier for us to externalize our memories, for us to essentially outsource this fundamental human capacity.These technologies have made our modern world possible, but they've also changed us.They've changed us culturally, and I would argue that they've changed us cognitively.Having little need to remember anymore, it sometimes seems like we've forgotten how.One of the last places on Earth where you still find people passionate about this idea of a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory, is at this totally singular memory contest.It's actually not that singular, there are contests held all over the world.And I was fascinated, I wanted to know how do these guys do it.A few years back a group of researchers at University College London brought a bunch of memory champions into the lab.They wanted to know: Do these guys have brains that are somehow structurally, anatomically different from the rest of ours? The answer was no.Are they smarter than the rest of us? They gave them a bunch of cognitive tests, and the answer was: not really.There was, however, one really interesting and telling difference between the brains of the memory champions and the control subjects that they were comparing them to.When they put these guys in an fMRI machine, scanned their brains while they were memorizing numbers and people's faces and pictures of snowflakes, they found that the memory champions were lighting up different parts of the brain than everyone else.Of note, they were using, or they seemed to be using, a part of the brain that's involved in spatial memory and navigation.Why? And is there something that the rest of us can learn from this?

The sport of competitive memorizing is driven by a kind of arms race where, every year, somebody comes up with a new way to remember more stuff more quickly, and then the rest of the field has to play catch-up.This is my friend Ben Pridmore, three-time world memory champion.On his desk in front of him are 36 shuffled packs of playing cards that he is about to try to memorize in one hour, using a technique that he invented and he alone has mastered.He used a similar technique to memorize the precise order of 4,140 random binary digits in half an hour.Yeah.And while there are a whole host of ways of remembering stuff in these competitions, everything, all of the techniques that are being used, ultimately come down to a concept that psychologists refer to as “elaborative encoding.”

And it's well-illustrated by a nifty paradox known as the Baker/baker paradox, which goes like this: If I tell two people to remember the same word, if I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy named Baker.” That's his name.And I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy who is a baker.” Okay? And I come back to you at some point later on, and I say, “Do you remember that word that I told you a while back? Do you remember what it was?” The person who was told his name is Baker is less likely to remember the same word than the person was told his job is a baker.Same word, different amount of remembering;that's weird.What's going on here?

Well, the name Baker doesn't actually mean anything to you.It is entirely untethered from all of the other memories floating around in your skull.But the common noun “baker”--we know bakers.Bakers wear funny white hats.Bakers have flour on their hands.Bakers smell good when they come home from work.Maybe we even know a baker.And when we first hear that word, we start putting these associational hooks into it, that make it easier to fish it back out at some later date.The entire art of what is going on in these memory contests, and the entire art of remembering stuff better in everyday life, is figuring out ways to transform capital B Bakers into lower-case B bakers--to take information that is lacking in context, in significance, in meaning, and transform it in some way, so that it becomes meaningful in the light of all the other things that you have in your mind.One of the more elaborate techniques for doing this dates back 2,500 years to Ancient Greece.It came to be known as the memory palace.The story behind its creation goes like this:

There was a poet called Simonides, who was attending a banquet.He was actually the hired entertainment, because back then, if you wanted to throw a really slamming party, you didn't hire a D.J., you hired a poet.And he stands up, delivers his poem from memory, walks out the door, and at the moment he does, the banquet hall collapses.Kills everybody inside.It doesn't just kill everybody, it mangles the bodies beyond all recognition.Nobody can say who was inside, nobody can say where they were sitting.The bodies can't be properly buried.It's one tragedy compounding another.Simonides, standing outside, the sole survivor amid the wreckage, closes his eyes and has this realization, which is that in his mind's eye, he can see where each of the guests at the banquet had been sitting.And he takes the relatives by the hand, and guides them each to their loved ones amid the wreckage.What Simonides figured out at that moment, is something that I think we all kind of intuitively know, which is that, as bad as we are at remembering names and phone numbers, and word-for-word instructions from our colleagues, we have really exceptional visual and spatial memories.If I asked you to recount the first 10 words of the story that I just told you about Simonides, chances are you would have a tough time with it.But, I would wager that if I asked you to recall who is sitting on top of a talking tan horse in your foyer right now, you would be able to see that.The idea behind the memory palace is to create this imagined edifice in your mind's eye, and populate it with images of the things that you want to remember--the crazier, weirder, more bizarre, funnier, raunchier, stinkier the image is, the more unforgettable it's likely to be.This is advice that goes back 2,000-plus years to the earliest Latin memory treatises.So how does this work? Let's say that you've been invited to TED center stage to give a speech, and you want to do it from memory, and you want to do it the way that Cicero would have done it, if he had been invited to TEDxRome 2,000 years ago.What you might do is picture yourself at the front door of your house.And you'd come up with some sort of crazy, ridiculous, unforgettable image, to remind you that the first thing you want to talk about is this totally bizarre contest.And then you'd go inside your house, and you would see an image of Cookie Monster on top of Mister Ed.And that would remind you that you would want to then introduce your friend Ed Cook.And then you'd see an image of Britney Spears to remind you of this funny anecdote you want to tell.And you'd go into your kitchen, and the fourth topic you were going to talk about was this strange journey that you went on for a year, and you'd have some friends to help you remember that.This is how Roman orators memorized their speeches--not word-for-word, which is just going to screw you up, but topic-for-topic.In fact, the phrase “topic sentence”--that comes from the Greek word “topos,” which means “place.” That's a vestige of when people used to think about oratory and rhetoric in these sorts of spatial terms.The phrase “in the first place,” that's like “in the first place of your memory palace.”

I thought this was just fascinating, and I got really into it.And I went to a few more of these memory contests, and I had this notion that I might write something longer about this subculture of competitive memorizers.But there was a problem.The problem was that a memory contest is a pathologically boring event.Truly, it is like a bunch of people sitting around taking the SATs--I mean, the most dramatic it gets is when somebody starts massaging their temples.And I'm a journalist, I need something to write about.I know that there's incredible stuff happening in these people's minds, but I don't have access to it.And I realized, if I was going to tell this story, I needed to walk in their shoes a little bit.And so I started trying to spend 15 or 20 minutes every morning, before I sat down with my New York Times, just trying to remember something.Maybe it was a poem, maybe it was names from an old yearbook that I bought at a flea market.And I found that this was shockingly fun.I never would have expected that.It was fun because this is actually not about training your memory.What you're doing, is you're trying to get better and better at creating, at dreaming up, these utterly ludicrous, raunchy, hilarious, and hopefully unforgettable images in your mind's eye.And I got pretty into it.This is me wearing my standard competitive memorizer's training kit.It's a pair of earmuffs and a set of safety goggles that have been masked over except for two small pinholes, because distraction is the competitive memorizer's greatest enemy.I ended up coming back to that same contest that I had covered a year earlier, and I had this notion that I might enter it, sort of as an experiment in participatory journalism.It'd make, I thought, maybe a nice epilogue to all my research.Problem was, the experiment went haywire.I won the contest--which really wasn't supposed to happen.Now, it is nice to be able to memorize speeches and phone numbers and shopping lists, but it's actually kind of beside the point.These are just tricks.They work because they're based on some pretty basic principles about how our brains work.And you don't have to be building memory palaces or memorizing packs of playing cards to benefit from a little bit of insight about how your mind works.We often talk about people with great memories as though it were some sort of an innate gift, but that is not the case.Great memories are learned.At the most basic level, we remember when we pay attention.We remember when we are deeply engaged.We remember when we are able to take a piece of information and experience, and figure out why it is meaningful to us, why it is significant, why it's colorful, when we're able to transform it in some way that makes sense in the light of all of the other things floating around in our minds, when we're able to transform Bakers into bakers.The memory palace, these memory techniques--they're just shortcuts.In fact, they're not even really shortcuts.They work because they make you work.They force a kind of depth of processing, a kind of mindfulness, that most of us don't normally walk around exercising.But there actually are no shortcuts.This is how stuff is made memorable.And I think if there's one thing that I want to leave you with, it's what E.P., the amnesic who couldn't even remember he had a memory problem, left me with, which is the notion that our lives are the sum of our memories.How much are we willing to lose from our already short lives, by losing ourselves in our Blackberries, our iPhones, by not paying attention to the human being across from us who is talking with us, by being so lazy that we're not willing to process deeply?

I learned firsthand that there are incredible memory capacities latent in all of us.But if you want to live a memorable life, you have to be the kind of person who remembers to remember.Thank you.01.請別忘記感謝身邊的人

嗨。我在這里要和大家談?wù)勏騽e人表達(dá)贊美，傾佩和謝意的重要性。并使它們聽來真誠，具體。

之所以我對此感興趣是因為我從我自己的成長中注意到幾年前，當(dāng)我想要對某個人說聲謝謝時，當(dāng)我想要贊美他們時，當(dāng)我想接受他們對我的贊揚(yáng)，但我卻沒有說出口。我問我自己，這是為什么？我感到害羞，我感到尷尬。接著我產(chǎn)生了一個問題難道我是唯一一個這么做的人嗎？所以我決定做些探究。

我非常幸運(yùn)的在一家康復(fù)中心工作，所以我可以看到那些因為上癮而面臨生與死的人。有時候這一切可以非常簡單地歸結(jié)為，他們最核心的創(chuàng)傷來自于他們父親到死都未說過“他為他們而自豪”。但他們從所有其它家庭或朋友那里得知他的父親告訴其他人為他感到自豪，但這個父親從沒告訴過他兒子。因為他不知道他的兒子需要聽到這一切。

因此我的問題是，為什么我們不索求我們需要的東西呢？我認(rèn)識一個結(jié)婚25年的男士渴望聽到他妻子說，“感謝你為這個家在外賺錢，這樣我才能在家陪伴著孩子，”但他從來不去問。我認(rèn)識一個精于此道的女士。每周一次，她見到丈夫后會說，“我真的希望你為我對這個家和孩子們付出的努力而感謝我。”他會應(yīng)和到“哦，真是太棒了，真是太棒了?！辟潛P(yáng)別人一定要真誠，但她對贊美承擔(dān)了責(zé)任。一個從我上幼兒園就一直是朋友的叫April的人，她會感謝她的孩子們做了家務(wù)。她說：“為什么我不表示感謝呢，即使他們本來就要做那些事情？”

因此我的問題是，為什么我不說呢？為什么其它人不說呢？為什么我能說：“我要一塊中等厚度的牛排，我需要6號尺寸的鞋子，”但我卻不能說：“你可以贊揚(yáng)我嗎？”因為這會使我把我的重要信息與你分享。會讓我告訴了你我內(nèi)心的不安。會讓你認(rèn)為我需要你的幫助。雖然你是我最貼心的人，我卻把你當(dāng)作是敵人。你會用我托付給你的重要信息做些什么呢？你可以忽視我。你可以濫用它?；蛘吣憧梢詽M足我的要求。

我把我的自行車拿到車行－－我喜歡這么做－－同樣的自行車，他們會對車輪做整形。那里的人說：“當(dāng)你對車輪做整形時，它會使自行車變成更好。”我把這輛自行車拿回來，他們把有小小彎曲的鐵絲從輪子上拿走這輛車我用了2年半，現(xiàn)在還像新的一樣。所以我要問在場的所有人，我希望你們把你們的車輪整形一下：真誠面對對你們想聽到的贊美。你們想聽到什么呢？回家問問你們的妻子，她想聽到什么？回家問問你們的丈夫，他想聽到什么？回家問問這些問題，并幫助身邊的人實現(xiàn)它們。

非常簡單。為什么要關(guān)心這個呢？我們談?wù)撌澜绾推?。我們怎么用不同的文化，不同的語言來保持世界和平？我想要從每個小家庭開始。所以讓我們在家里就把這件事情做好。我想要感謝所有在這里的人們因為你們是好丈夫，好母親，好伙伴，好女兒和好兒子?；蛟S有些人從沒跟你們說過但你們已經(jīng)做得非常非常得出色了。感謝你們來到這里，向世界顯示著你們的智慧，并用它們改變著世界。

02.雙語能力對大腦的益處驚人

你會說中文嗎？如果你能回答“si”、“oui”或者“是的”，而且能看懂這個英文短片，那么你就跟世界上很多人一樣、具備雙語能力或是多語能力。除了旅游時溝通比較方便、看電影不需要字幕這些好處之外，通曉兩種或者三種以上的語言，意味著你的大腦在結(jié)構(gòu)上或運(yùn)作上與你那些單一語言的朋友有著明顯的不同。所以到底什么才能算通曉一門語言呢？

衡量語言能力，主要包含兩個主動部分——說和寫，和兩個被動部分——聽和讀。雖然一個出色的雙語者對于兩種語言都有著相近的使用能力，但是大多數(shù)的雙語者對兩個語種的認(rèn)知和使用能力是有差異的。根據(jù)個人所處的環(huán)境以及他們具體學(xué)語言的方法，雙語者通?？梢苑殖扇?。

舉個例子來說，Gabriella在兩歲時跟著家人由秘魯移民到美國。她屬于復(fù)合型雙語者，Gabriella在剛接觸這個世界時就同時學(xué)英語和西班牙語，所以給她一個概念、她的大腦就能同時喚起兩種語言信號。她有一個十幾歲的哥哥，則屬于協(xié)調(diào)型雙語使用者，他運(yùn)用兩種不同的概念，一方面在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語，另一方面用西班牙語和家人、朋友交流。

最后，Gabriella的父母，則屬于從屬型雙語者。當(dāng)他們學(xué)習(xí)外語（英語）時，需要通過母語進(jìn)行翻譯再進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。

如果不考慮口音和發(fā)音問題，這三種類型的雙語者至少都算能精通一門語言。因此，一般人很難發(fā)現(xiàn)這三種類型的差異。然而現(xiàn)在，由于大腦成像技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步，神經(jīng)語言學(xué)家能夠知道語言學(xué)習(xí)對雙語使用者的大腦產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響。

大家都知道，大腦的左半球是掌管數(shù)據(jù)和邏輯分析的，而大腦的右半球則掌管情感與社交，但這并不是絕對的、只是比例多少的問題。

語言同時包括了左腦和右腦的功能，而隨著年齡的增長，大腦的功能會逐漸側(cè)重其中的一邊，語言學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵時期假說就是由這個事實引申出來的。根據(jù)這個理論，兒童學(xué)習(xí)語言更容易，是因為他們的大腦仍在發(fā)展、可塑性更強(qiáng)，他們可以同時調(diào)用左右兩邊大腦的機(jī)能來學(xué)習(xí)語言；然而多數(shù)成年人只通過大腦的一邊（通常是左腦）學(xué)習(xí)語言。

如果這個假說是真的，那么在兒童時期學(xué)習(xí)語言可以讓你對其社會和情感內(nèi)涵有著更整體的把握。另一方面，近期的研究表明，成年人學(xué)習(xí)外語時的情緒性偏見沒那么多，同時相比于母語環(huán)境，他們在外語環(huán)境中遇到問題時也更為理性。

無論如何，當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言時，多語能力都會給你的大腦帶來明顯的好處。有些好處甚至是可視化的，比如大腦灰白質(zhì)的密度增加，那里包含了大多數(shù)的神經(jīng)元和突觸，而且在學(xué)習(xí)外語時，大腦的部分區(qū)域會變得更加活躍。雙語者的大腦可以持續(xù)不斷地接收強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，這能讓一些病癥（如阿茲海默癡呆癥和失智癥）的發(fā)作推遲至5年以后。

雙語能力對認(rèn)知能力的有所幫助在現(xiàn)代來看是很好理解的，但是過去的專家一定會對這個觀點(diǎn)大吃一驚。在1960年之前，人們認(rèn)為使用雙語對于兒童的成長來說是一種障礙，因為這需要兒童花費(fèi)精力去分辨別不同語言，這種觀點(diǎn)的產(chǎn)生源自有瑕疵的研究方法。

最新的研究的確顯示，在跨語言測驗當(dāng)中，使用雙語的學(xué)生的反應(yīng)時間與錯誤次數(shù)增加了；同時也表明，學(xué)生需要花費(fèi)更多的努力和注意力進(jìn)行語言的轉(zhuǎn)換，這也使得前額葉腦區(qū)更加活躍、進(jìn)而強(qiáng)化其機(jī)能。前額葉腦區(qū)主要影響執(zhí)行、解決問題、多任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換、集中注意力、排除無關(guān)信息的能力。

雖然學(xué)習(xí)雙語不一定能讓你更聰明，但是它可以讓你的大腦更加健康、多元和活躍。即使你在年幼時沒有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)第二語言，但是現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)不會太晚。從現(xiàn)在開始學(xué)一門外語吧，把“hello”轉(zhuǎn)換成“Hola”、“Bonjour”、“你好”(本文作者母語為英語)等外語問候，即使只是小小的訓(xùn)練，也能對大腦有所幫助。03.每個人都能掌握的記憶技巧

請大家跟我一起閉上眼睛，象一下。

你站在，自己家門口的外面，請留心一下門的顏色，以及門的材質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在請想象一群超重的裸騎者，正在進(jìn)行一場裸體自行車賽，向你的前門直沖而來，盡量讓畫面想象得栩栩如生近在眼前，他們都在奮力地踩腳踏板汗流浹背，路面非常顛簸，然后徑直撞進(jìn)了你家前門，自行車四下飛散車輪從你身旁滾過，輻條扎進(jìn)了各種尷尬角落，跨過門檻，進(jìn)到門廳、走廊和門里的其他地方，室內(nèi)光線柔和舒適，光線灑在甜餅怪物身上，他坐在一匹棕色駿馬的馬背上，正向你招手，這匹馬會說話，你可以感覺到他的藍(lán)色鬃毛讓你鼻子發(fā)癢，你可以聞到他正要扔進(jìn)嘴里的葡萄燕麥曲奇的香氣，繞過他繞過他走進(jìn)客廳，站在客廳里把你的想象力調(diào)到最大檔，想象小甜甜布蘭妮，她衣著暴露在你咖啡桌上跳舞，并唱著“Hit Me Baby One More Time”，接下來跟著我走進(jìn)你的廚房，廚房的地面被一道黃磚路覆蓋，依次鉆出你的烤箱向你走來的是，《綠野仙蹤》里的多蘿西鐵皮人，稻草人和獅子，他們手挽著手蹦蹦跳跳地向你走來，好了睜開眼睛吧，我要給你們講一個每年春天在紐約，都會舉辦的奇異競賽，叫做全美記憶冠軍賽，幾年前我作為一名科技類記者，去報道這項競賽，心里想著大概那兒得像，怪才的“超級碗冠軍賽”一樣熱鬧吧，一大堆男人和屈指可數(shù)的女性，從小孩兒到老人有些還不怎么注意個人衛(wèi)生，有的奮力在只看一次的情況下，記下上百個任意列出的數(shù)字，有的在努力記住成群的陌生人的名字，有的想在幾分鐘內(nèi)努力背下整篇詩歌，還有的在比賽誰能以最快速度，記下一整副打亂的牌的順序，我當(dāng)時覺得這太不可思議了，這些人肯定天賦異稟。

所以我開始采訪參賽者，這位叫Ed Cook，是從英格蘭來的，他在那兒接受了最好的記憶訓(xùn)練，我問他 “Ed 你是什么時候開始意識到，自己是記憶天才的?”，Ed答道“我并不是什么專家，其實我的記憶力很一般，來參賽的每一個人，都會告訴你他們的記憶力只是一般水平，我們都在訓(xùn)練自己后才能，完成這些奇跡般的記憶游戲，我們運(yùn)用了一系列古老的技巧，這些技巧是希臘人在兩千五百年前發(fā)明的，西塞羅正是用了這些技巧，來記憶他的演講稿的，中世紀(jì)學(xué)者用這種技巧來背誦正本書籍的內(nèi)容“，我驚訝不已 ”哇噻怎么我從來沒聽說過呢?“，我們站在競技大廳外，聰明過人令人驚嘆，而又稍有些古怪的英國人Ed，對我說 ”Josh 你是個美國記者，你知道小甜甜布蘭妮吧?”，我茫然不解 “什么? 當(dāng)然為什么要問這個?”，“因為我真的很想在，美國國家電臺上教會布蘭妮，怎樣記住一整副打亂的牌的順序，就能證明這是人人都可以做到的了“，我說 ”雖然我不是布蘭妮，但你也可以教教我呀，總得找個人開教嘛不是嗎?“，接著一段非常奇特的歷程在我面前展開了序幕，結(jié)果第二年的大部分時間，我都花在了訓(xùn)練自己的記憶力，同時調(diào)查研究記憶上，我想嘗試?yán)斫猱a(chǎn)生記憶的原理，為何有時會記了又忘，及其它到底隱藏著什么樣的潛力，途中我遇到了很多有趣的人，其中一個叫E.P.，他患有健忘癥他的記憶力，恐怕是世界上最差的了，他的記憶能力差到，甚至記不得自己有健忘癥，真的很神奇，雖然他是個悲劇角色，但通過他我們能了解到，記憶在何種程度上塑造了我們的人格，情況的另一個極端是我遇到了這樣一個人，他叫Kim Peek，他是Dustin Hoffman在電影《雨人》里的角色的原型，我和他花了一下午，在鹽湖城公共圖書館里背電話簿，讓我大開眼界，回家后我讀了許多關(guān)于記憶的論文，寫于兩千多年前的論文，用拉丁文寫的從古代，一直到后來中世紀(jì)期間，我學(xué)到很多很有意思的事兒，其中一個就是，曾經(jīng)，訓(xùn)練規(guī)束培養(yǎng)記憶力的這種概念，完全不像如今那樣陌生，曾幾何時人們寄希望于自己的記憶，能不遺余力地裝飾自己的心靈，近幾千年來，人類發(fā)明了一系列技術(shù)，從字母表到卷軸，到法典印刷機(jī)攝影技術(shù)，電腦智能手機(jī)，讓我們能越來越輕松地，外化記憶能力，讓我們從根本上，把這種基礎(chǔ)的人類能力拱手讓出，這些技術(shù)讓現(xiàn)代生活變?yōu)榭赡?，但同時也改變了我們，不僅在文化上，我覺得也在認(rèn)知上，不再需要費(fèi)勁去記憶，有時會覺得我們已經(jīng)忘了如何去記憶，在這片地球上已經(jīng)很少有地方，能讓你覺得人們?nèi)詿嶂杂?，?xùn)練規(guī)束培養(yǎng)記憶力了，那非同尋常的記憶大賽算是一個，其實它也沒有那么非同尋常，世界各地都開始舉辦這樣的競賽，我對此深深著迷想要知道這些人是怎么做到的，幾年前倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的一組研究人員，請來一批記憶大賽的冠軍接受研究，他們想要弄明白，這些人的大腦，是否跟我們其他人在解剖學(xué)上的結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣?，答案是否定的，那他們比我們都聰明嗎?，他們給研究對象實施了一系列認(rèn)知測試，依舊得出了否定結(jié)論，但對比受控制的比對目標(biāo)的大腦，記憶大賽冠軍們的大腦，確實有一處很有趣的不同很說明問題，這些人被送去做功能磁共振，掃描大腦時，當(dāng)他們在記憶數(shù)字或人臉或雪花圖案時，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶大賽冠軍們，的大腦激活的區(qū)域，跟普通人不太一樣，值得注意的是他們看來是在用，腦中在空間記憶和導(dǎo)航時會用到的部分，為什么? 我們可以從中得出什么樣的結(jié)論呢?，競爭性記憶的較量，被一種類似軍事比賽的方式推向了白熱化，每年都會有人，帶著更有效的記憶方法現(xiàn)身賽場，而其他人就必須迎頭趕上，這是我的朋友Ben Pridmore，贏得過三次國際記憶大賽冠軍，在他的臺前，有三十六副打亂順序的牌，他要在一個小時內(nèi)記下全部，用的是一種他自己發(fā)明的也只有他會的技巧，用與此類似的方法，他曾一字不差地背下了，4140個任意排列的二進(jìn)制數(shù)，只用了半個小時，很牛吧，參賽者在這些競賽中，運(yùn)用過很多不同的記憶方法，各式各樣被運(yùn)用到的所有技巧，最終都能歸化為一個概念，心理學(xué)家稱之為”精細(xì)編碼“，這個概念能用一則幽默的悖論完美詮釋，叫做Baker/baker悖論，簡單說來就是，假設(shè)我讓兩個人去記同一個詞，我跟你說，”記住有個人叫Baker“，Baker是人名，我又來告訴你 ”記住有個人是面包師(baker)“，過了一段時間我又回來找到你們，問 ”還記得我之前，叫你們記住的那個詞嗎?“，”還記得是什么詞嗎?“，被告知人名是Baker的人，記住這個詞的可能性遠(yuǎn)不如，被告知職業(yè)是面包師的那個人，同樣的詞導(dǎo)致不同的記憶程度，到底是為什么呢，是因為人名Baker沒有任何特殊含義，沒法跟你腦海里，零碎繁雜的記憶產(chǎn)生任何聯(lián)系，但是面包師(baker)作為一個常用名詞，我們都知道面包師是什么，面包師帶著搞笑的白帽子，他們手上沾滿了面粉，他們下班回到家?guī)е鴵浔堑目久姘?，甚至可能有些人有朋友就是面包師，我們初次聽到這個詞時，馬上就會產(chǎn)生各種各樣的聯(lián)想，這使我們能在一段時間后還能回憶起來，其實要理解記憶競賽中的，一切奧妙，或在日常生活中改善記憶力的秘訣，僅僅在于想辦法把Baker中的大寫B(tài)，變?yōu)槊姘鼛?baker)中的小寫b，把沒有前因后果，沒有重要性沒有涵義的信息，用某種方法轉(zhuǎn)化為，有意義的內(nèi)容，跟腦海里的其他記憶串聯(lián)起來，這種精確記憶的技巧，在兩千五百年前的古希臘就已出現(xiàn)，后來將其稱為記憶宮殿，發(fā)明這種技巧的過程如下，有個叫做Simonides的詩人，他要去參加一個晚宴，其實他算是被請去做表演嘉賓的，因為在那個年代炫酷派對的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不是請D.J.來打碟而是要請詩人來頌詩，他站起來背出了他的全篇詩作然后瀟灑離去，他剛走出門口晚宴大廳就塌了，砸死了里面所有的人，不僅全體死亡，所有的死者都被砸得面目全非，沒人說得清死者都有些誰，沒人說得清誰坐在哪兒，導(dǎo)致死者的尸體沒法得到合適的殉葬安置，這又加重了整件事的悲劇色彩，Simonides站在外面，作為廢墟中的唯一幸存者，閉上眼睛猛然意識到，在他的腦海中，他眼前出現(xiàn)了所有賓客所坐的位置，他就牽著親屬們的手，穿過廢墟把他們帶到了親人身邊，Simonides當(dāng)時猛然醒悟的事，大概我們大家也都猜到了，其實是不管我們，有多不善于記住姓名電話號碼，或是同事的每句指令，我們都擁有異常敏銳的視覺或空間記憶能力，要是我讓你們逐字逐句地重述，我剛才講的Simonides故事的前十個字，應(yīng)該沒幾個人會記得，但我敢打賭，如果我讓你們現(xiàn)在回想下，在你的門廳里坐在會講話的棕色駿馬上的，是誰，你們就明白我剛才說的意思了，記憶宮殿的原理，就是在你的腦海里建立一棟想象大廈，并讓你想記住的東西，的影像充滿其中，越是瘋狂古怪奇詭，荒誕搞笑亂七八糟招人厭惡的影像，就越容易記住，這個建議來自于兩千多年前，拉丁最早的記憶學(xué)者，那么這種說法的原理到底是什么呢，假設(shè)你被邀請，站上TED的中心講臺演講，而你想脫稿完成，如西塞羅在兩千年前在TEDx羅馬上的演講一般，他就會這么霸氣走一回而你也想這樣，你要做的就是，想象自己站在自家門前，然后憑空想象出，一段完全荒誕瘋狂難忘的景象，用來提示你上臺要提的第一件事，就是這場詭異的裸騎大賽，然后你走進(jìn)房子里，想到甜餅怪物，坐在Ed先生背上的樣子，這個景象會提醒你，要介紹你的朋友Ed Cook，然后你腦海里出現(xiàn)了小甜甜布蘭妮的樣子，你就會想起要講那個關(guān)于布蘭妮的小故事，然后你走進(jìn)廚房，你要說到的第四個話題是，你花了一整年走過的奇妙歷程，通過綠野仙蹤就可以聯(lián)想得到，這就是羅馬演說家背誦演講稿的秘訣，并非一字不差逐字背誦只會平添麻煩，而是記住一個個主題，其實短語”主題句“，就來源于希臘詞”topos“，意思是”地點(diǎn)“，這是古時候，人們談到演講或是修辭時，會用到的空間術(shù)語，短語 ”第一"，就意味著你的記憶宮殿的第一層，這簡直太有意思了，我對這起了很大的興趣，后來我又去了更多記憶大賽，我開始萌發(fā)了要更詳細(xì)描寫，這種競技記憶文化的念頭，但有一個問題，問題是記憶大賽，其實過程很無聊的，(大笑)，真的就像一群人坐那兒高考一樣，最最激動人心的時刻，也不過就是有人揉了揉太陽穴，我是個記者總得有東西可寫呀，我知道這些人腦子里肯定是驚濤駭浪，但我作為外人無法得見，我意識到若我真的想報道這事兒，一定得親身體驗才行，所以我開始嘗試著每天早上坐下來看紐約時報前，花上十五到二十分鐘，嘗試記憶一些事，背背小詩，背背我在跳蚤市場買來的，舊年鑒里的人名，我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這其實非常帶勁，要不去嘗試根本想不到，有趣在于其實目標(biāo)并不是要通過訓(xùn)練提高記憶力，而是你在努力培養(yǎng)改善，創(chuàng)造力想象力，在你的腦海里憑空造出，那些完全滑稽荒誕胡亂最好是難忘的影像，而它成為了我的樂趣，這是我戴著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)競賽記憶者訓(xùn)練套裝的樣子，它有一對耳塞，一副護(hù)目鏡鏡面全部遮黑，就留了兩個小孔，因為競技記憶者最大的敵人就是注意力分散，最后我再次回到了一年前報道的那場競賽場上，我一時沖動也想報名參加，就當(dāng)做參與性新聞報道的實驗了，我當(dāng)時想到時能在前言里調(diào)侃一下自己也好，問題是實驗最后得到了意想不到的結(jié)果，那場競賽我贏了，真是完全出乎我預(yù)料之外，對我來說現(xiàn)在，背演講稿電話號碼或是購物單，都是小菜一碟倒是很不錯，但其實這些都不重要了，這些都是小伎倆，這些記憶伎倆之所以有效，是因為它們依仗人類大腦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，一些基本原理，并不用真的去建立記憶宮殿，或記下幾副牌的順序，你也完全可以從了解大腦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理中，獲得一些益處，我們總會議論記憶力很好的人，總覺得那些人是天賦異稟，事實并不是這樣，強(qiáng)大的記憶力是可以習(xí)得的，從最根本的說起專心致志就能記住，全心投入時就能記住，只要能想辦法把信息和經(jīng)歷，轉(zhuǎn)化為有意義的事，就能記住，想它為何重要為何多彩，當(dāng)我們能把它轉(zhuǎn)化成為，有前因后果的事，并跟我們腦海中繁雜瑣碎的其他事產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想時，當(dāng)我們能把人名Baker轉(zhuǎn)化為面包師baker時，記憶宮殿或是那些記憶技巧，都只是捷徑而已，其實說到底它們都不能算捷徑，這方法有效是因為它迫使你思考，它迫使你往更深層次去想，讓你更加專注，大部分人平時并不會費(fèi)力去訓(xùn)練這個，其實捷徑并不存在，這一直就是我們能記住事物的原因，有一件事我希望你們能記住，就是E.P.，那個連自己患了健忘癥都想不起來的人，讓我深思，得出了一個感想，人生就是我們個人記憶的合集，在短暫的人生里，你還愿意因為黑莓 iPhone，喪失多少瞬間，忽略對面坐著的人，在跟我們交談的人，變得越發(fā)懶惰不愿意，深究任何事？，通過親身經(jīng)歷我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的身體里潛藏著，不可思議的記憶能力，但若你想活得難忘，就得做那種，記得時常記憶的人。

謝謝。

第三篇：TED英語演講稿

我知道你們在想什么，你們覺得我迷路了，馬上就會有人走上臺溫和地把我?guī)Щ匚业淖簧?。（掌聲）。我在迪拜總會遇上這種事?！皝磉@里度假的嗎，親愛的？”（笑聲）“來探望孩子的嗎？這次要待多久呢？ 恩，事實上，我希望能再待久一點(diǎn)。我在波斯灣這邊生活和教書已經(jīng)超過30年了。（掌聲）這段時間里，我看到了很多變化。現(xiàn)在這份數(shù)據(jù)是挺嚇人的，而我今天要和你們說的是有關(guān)語言的消失和英語的全球化。我想和你們談?wù)勎业呐笥?，她在阿布達(dá)比教成人英語。在一個晴朗的日子里，她決定帶她的學(xué)生到花園去教他們一些大自然的詞匯。但最后卻變成是她在學(xué)習(xí)所有當(dāng)?shù)刂参镌诎⒗Z中是怎么說的。還有這些植物是如何被用作藥材，化妝品，烹飪，香草。這些學(xué)生是怎么得到這些知識的呢？當(dāng)然是從他們的祖父母，甚至曾祖父母那里得來的。不需要我來告訴你們能夠跨代溝通是多么重要。but sadly, today, languages are dying at an unprecedented rate.a language dies every 14 days.now, at the same time, english is the undisputed global language.could there be a connection? well i dont know.but i do know that ive seen a lot of changes.when i first came out to the gulf, i came to kuwait in the days when it was still a hardship post.actually, not that long ago.that is a little bit too early.but nevertheless, i was recruited by the british council along with about 25 other teachers.and we were the first non-muslims to teach in the state schools there in kuwait.we were brought to teach english because the government wanted to modernize the country and empower the citizens through education.and of course, the u.k.benefited from some of that lovely oil wealth.但遺憾的是，今天很多語言正在以前所未有的速度消失。每14天就有一種語言消失，而與此同時，英語卻無庸置疑地成為全球性的語言。這其中有關(guān)聯(lián)嗎？我不知道。但我知道的是，我見證過許多改變。初次來到海灣地區(qū)時，我去了科威特。當(dāng)時教英文仍然是個困難的工作。其實，沒有那么久啦，這有點(diǎn)太久以前了?？傊?，我和其他25位老師一起被英國文化協(xié)會聘用。我們是第一批非穆斯林的老師，在科威特的國立學(xué)校任教。我們被派到那里教英語，是因為當(dāng)?shù)卣Ｍ麌铱梢袁F(xiàn)代化并透過教育提升公民的水平。當(dāng)然，英國也能得到些好處，產(chǎn)油國可是很有錢的。okay.now this is the major change that ive seen--how teaching english has morphed from being a mutually english-speaking nation on earth.and why not? after all, the best education--according to the latest world university rankings--is to be found in the universities of the u.k.and the u.s.so everybody wants to have an english education, naturally.but if youre not a native speaker, you have to pass a test.言歸正傳，我見過最大的改變，就是英語教學(xué)的蛻變?nèi)绾螐囊粋€互惠互利的行為變成今天這種大規(guī)模的國際產(chǎn)業(yè)。英語不再是學(xué)校課程里的外語學(xué)科，也不再只是英國的專利。英語（教學(xué)）已經(jīng)成為所有英語系國家追逐的潮流。何樂而不為呢？畢竟，最好的教育來自于最好的大學(xué)，而根據(jù)最新的世界大學(xué)排名，那些名列前茅的都是英國和美國的大學(xué)。所以自然每個人都想接受英語教育，但如果你不是以英文為母語，你就要通過考試。now can it be right to reject a student on linguistic ability well, i dont think so.we english teachers reject them all the time.we put a stop sign, and we stop them in their tracks.they cant pursue their dream any longer, till they get english.now let me put it this way, if i met a dutch speaker who had the cure for cancer, would i stop him from entering my british university? i dont think so.but indeed, that is exactly what we do.we english teachers are the gatekeepers.and you have to satisfy us first that your english is good enough.now it can be dangerous to give too much power to a narrow segment of society.maybe the barrier would be too universal.但僅憑語言能力就拒絕學(xué)生這樣對嗎？譬如如果你碰到一位天才計算機(jī)科學(xué)家，但他會需要有和律師一樣的語言能力嗎？我不這么認(rèn)為。但身為英語老師的我們，卻總是拒絕他們。我們處處設(shè)限，將學(xué)生擋在路上，使他們無法再追求自己的夢想，直到他們通過考試?，F(xiàn)在容我換一個方式說，如果我遇到了一位只會說荷蘭話的人，而這個人能治愈癌癥，我會阻止他進(jìn)入我的英國大學(xué)嗎？我想不會。但事實上，我們的確在做這種事。我們這些英語老師就是把關(guān)的。你必須先讓我們滿意，使我們認(rèn)定你的英文夠好。但這可能是危險的。把太多的權(quán)力交由這么小的一群人把持，也許會令這種障礙太過普及。okay.but, i hear you say, what about the research? its all in english.so the books are in english, the journals are done in english, but that is a self-fulfilling.it feeds the english requirement.and so it goes on.i ask you, what happened to translation? if you think about the islamic golden age, there was lots of translation then.they translated from latin and greek into arabic, into persian, and then it was translated on into the germanic languages of europe and the romance languages.and so light shone upon the dark ages of europe.now dont get me wrong;i am not against teaching english, all you english teachers out there.i love it that we have a global language.we need one today more than ever.but i am against using it as a barrier.do we really want to end up with 600 languages and the main one being english, or chinese? we need more than that.where do we draw the line? this system equates intelligence with a knowledge of english which is quite.于是，我聽到你們問但是研究呢?研究報告都要用英文。”的確，研究論著和期刊都要用英文發(fā)表，但這只是一種理所當(dāng)然的現(xiàn)象。有英語要求，自然就有英語供給，然后就這么循環(huán)下去。我倒想問問大家，為什么不用翻譯呢？想想伊斯蘭的黃金時代，當(dāng)時翻譯盛行，人們把拉丁文和希臘文翻譯成阿拉伯文或波斯文，然后再由拉伯文或波斯文翻譯為歐洲的日耳曼語言以及羅曼語言。于是文明照亮了歐洲的黑暗時代。但不要誤會我的意思，我不是反對英語教學(xué)或是在座所有的英語老師。我很高興我們有一個全球性的語言，這在今日尤為重要。但我反對用英語設(shè)立障礙。難道我們真希望世界上只剩下600種語言，其中又以英文或中文為主流嗎？我們需要的不只如此。那么我們該如何拿捏呢？這個體制把智能和英語能力畫上等號這是相當(dāng)武斷的。

and i want to remind you that the giants upon whose shoulders todays stand did not have to have english, they didnt have to pass an english test.case in point, einstein.he, by the way, was considered remedial at school because he was, in fact, dyslexic.but fortunately for the world, he did not have to pass an english test.because they didnt start until 1964 with toefl, the american test of english.now its exploded.there are lots and lots of tests of english.and millions and millions of students take these tests every year.now you might think, you and me, those fees arent bad, theyre okay, but they are prohibitive to so many millions of poor people.so immediately, were rejecting them.我想要提醒你們，扶持當(dāng)代知識分子的這些“巨人肩膀不必非得具有英文能力，他們不需要通過英語考試。愛因斯坦就是典型的例子。順便說一下，他在學(xué)校還曾被認(rèn)為需要課外補(bǔ)習(xí)，因為他其實有閱讀障礙。但對整個世界來說,很幸運(yùn)的當(dāng)時他不需要通過英語考試，因為他們直到1964年才開始使用托福?，F(xiàn)在英語測驗太泛濫了，有太多太多的英語測驗，以及成千上萬的學(xué)生每年都在參加這些考試。現(xiàn)在你會認(rèn)為，你和我都這么想，這些費(fèi)用不貴，價錢滿合理的。但是對數(shù)百萬的窮人來說，這些費(fèi)用高不可攀。所以，當(dāng)下我們又拒絕了他們。it brings to mind a headline i saw recently: education: the great divide.now i get it, i understand why people would focus on english.they want to give their children the best chance in life.and to do that, they need a western education.because, of course, the best jobs go to people out of the western universities, that i put on earlier.its a circular thing.這使我想起最近看到的一個新聞標(biāo)題：“教育：大鴻溝”現(xiàn)在我懂了。我了解為什么大家都重視英語，因為他們希望給孩子最好的人生機(jī)會。為了達(dá)成這目的，他們需要西方教育。畢竟，不可否認(rèn)，最好的工作都留給那些西方大學(xué)畢業(yè)出來的人。就像我之前說的，這是一種循環(huán)。

okay.let me tell you a story about two scientists, two english scientists.they were doing an experiment to do with genetics and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals.but they couldnt get the results they wanted.they really didnt know what to do, until along came a german scientist who realized that they were using two words for forelimb and hind limb, whereas genetics does not differentiate and neither does german.so bingo, problem solved.if you cant think a thought, you are stuck.but if another language can think that thought, then, by cooperating, we can achieve and learn so much more.好，我跟你們說一個關(guān)于兩位科學(xué)家的故事：有兩位英國科學(xué)家在做一項實驗，是關(guān)于遺傳學(xué)的，以及動物的前、后肢。但他們無法得到他們想要的結(jié)果。他們真的不知道該怎么辦，直到來了一位德國的科學(xué)家。他發(fā)現(xiàn)在英文里前肢和后肢是不同的二個字，但在遺傳學(xué)上沒有區(qū)別。在德語也是同一個字。所以，叮！問題解決了。如果你不能想到一個念頭，你會卡在那里。但如果另一個語言能想到那念頭，然后通過合作我們可以達(dá)成目的，也學(xué)到更多。我的女兒從科威特來到英格蘭，她在阿拉伯的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)。那是所阿拉伯中學(xué)。在學(xué)校里，她得把這些知識翻譯成英文，而她在班上卻能在這些學(xué)科上拿到最好的成績。這告訴我們，當(dāng)外籍學(xué)生來找我們，我們可能無法針對他們所知道的給予贊賞，因為那是來自于他們母語的知識。當(dāng)一個語言消失時，我們不知道還有什么也會一并失去。this is--i dont know if you saw it on cnn recently--they gave the heroes award to a young kenyan shepherd boy who couldnt study at night in his village like all the village children,篇二：楊瀾ted演講稿中英文 yang lan: the generation thats remaking china the night before i was heading for scotland, i was invited to host the final of chinas got talent show in shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.guess who was the performing guest?susan boyle.and i told her, im going to scotland the next day.she sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in chinese.[chinese]so its not like hello or thank you, that ordinary stuff.it means green onion for free.why did she say that? because it was a line from our chinese parallel susan boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in shanghai, who loves singing western opera, but she didnt understand any english or french or italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in chinese.(laughter)and the last sentence of nessun dorma that she was singing in the stadium was green onion for free.so [as] susan boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.that was hilarious.so i guess both susan boyle and this vegetable vendor in shanghai belonged to otherness.they were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.and a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.well, being different is not that difficult.we are all different from different perspectives.but i think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.you may have the chance to make a difference.my generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of china that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.i remember that in the year of 1990,when i was graduating from college, i was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in beijing, great wall sheraton--its still there.so after being interrogated by this japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, so, miss yang, do you have any questions to ask me?i summoned my courage and poise and said,yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell? i didnt have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.that was the first day i set my foot in a five-star hotel.my life, and i feel proud of that.but then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.i was in beijings bidding for the olympic games.i was representing the shanghai expo.i saw china embracing the world and vice versa.but then sometimes im thinking, what are todays young generation up to? how are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of china, or at large, the world? so making a living is not that easy for young people.college graduates are not in short supply.in urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 u.s.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.so what do they do? they have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves tribe of ants.and for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.that ratio in americawould only cost a couple five years to earn, but in china its 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.so through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.for the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.and it has aroused huge anger and frustrationamong our young generation.sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.so when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the internet,people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.so the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the internet.we heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.and guess what, we have faked beef.they have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.and then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.so all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the internet.and fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.while young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes theyre a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.china is soon to pass the u.s.as the number one market for luxury brands--thats not including the chinese expenditures in europe and elsewhere.but you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 u.s.dollars.theyre not rich at all.theyre taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.and this is a girl explicitly saying on a tv dating show that she would rather cry in a bmw than smile on a bicycle.but of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a bmw or [on] a bicycle.so happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, its about the environment.people are thinking about the following questions: are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher gdp? how are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? and also, how capable is the systemof self-correctness to keep more people contentwith all sorts of friction going on at the same time?i guess these are the questions people are going to answer.and our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.thank you very much.楊瀾ted演講：重塑中國的一代 中文演講稿

在來愛爾蘭的前一晚，我應(yīng)邀主持了中國達(dá)人秀在上海的體育場和八萬現(xiàn)場觀眾。猜猜誰是表演嘉賓？——蘇珊大媽。我告訴她，“我明天要去愛爾蘭了?！?她歌聲猶如天籟。而且她還可以說點(diǎn)中文。

“送你蔥。” 這不是“你好、謝謝”之類的日常用語。這組詞翻譯過來是免費(fèi)給你青蔥，為什么她要說這個呢？因為這是我們中國版的蘇珊大媽很有名的一句歌詞。

這位五十幾歲的大媽在上海以販賣蔬菜為生。她喜歡西方的歌劇，但是她不懂任何外語，所以她就把中文蔬菜名填做歌詞。當(dāng)她在體育場里 唱到今夜無人入眠的最后一句時，她唱的是“送你蔥”。蘇珊大媽和全場八萬觀眾一起唱“送你蔥”，多有意思的場面。我想蘇珊大媽和這位在上海做蔬菜買賣的都屬于不同尋常的人。在業(yè)界所謂的娛樂圈，他們最不可能取得成功，但是他們的勇氣和才華讓他們成功了。一場秀，一個平臺給了他們實現(xiàn)夢想的舞臺。與眾不同不難，從不同的角度看我們都是不一樣的。我認(rèn)為與眾不同是好的，因為你有不同的看法，這給你機(jī)會去產(chǎn)生不同的影響。我們這代人有幸見證和參與了過去二三十年中國的歷史性的轉(zhuǎn)型。

我記得在九十年代，剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的我申請了一份在北京五星級酒店銷售部的工作。在日本經(jīng)理一個半小時的面試后，他最后說：“楊小姐，你有什么問題要問我嗎？”我鼓起勇氣，定定神然后問道：“您能告訴我銷售部到底銷售什么？”我對于五星級酒店的銷售部的職責(zé)一點(diǎn)都摸不著頭腦。那是我在五星級酒店的第一天。

同時，我和上千名大學(xué)女生參加了一場由中國中央電視臺舉辦的史無前例的公開選拔。制作人告訴我們他們想找一位可愛，天真，美麗的新面孔。當(dāng)輪到我時，我站起來說道，“為什么女孩在電視上必須是漂亮，甜美，無邪的，像個花瓶？為什么她們不能有她們的想法，她們自己的聲音？”

我想我一定得罪了評委。但是事實上，我的發(fā)言給他們留下了深刻的印象。接下來我進(jìn)入了第二輪的選拔，然后是第三輪，第四輪。在經(jīng)過七輪的選拔后，我勝出了。成為了一個國家電視臺黃金時段節(jié)目的主持人。

不管你們相不相信，那是中國電視上第一個節(jié)目可以允許主持人自由發(fā)揮而不是去讀審查后的稿子。這個節(jié)目的觀眾人數(shù)高達(dá)兩到三千萬。

幾年后，我決定去美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)進(jìn)修。之后我有了自己的傳媒公司，這是在我剛畢業(yè)的時候想都不敢想的。

我和我的團(tuán)隊做了很多事情。在過去的這些年，我采訪了上千人。有時候有年輕人走過來對我說：“楊瀾，你改變了我的生活?！蔽乙矠榇硕院?。

今天我想講講在社交媒體這個大舞臺上的年輕人

李世默ted：

中國崛起與“元敘事”的終結(jié)

小喬布斯thomas suarez英語演講稿ted 大家好，我叫托馬斯·斯沃斯，我一直以來對計算機(jī)技術(shù)著迷。我就給iphone、ipod touch、ipad做了一些應(yīng)用程序，今天我就來給大家展示幾個。第一個應(yīng)用叫做地球算命，它根據(jù)你的運(yùn)勢來改變地球的顏色。我最有名、最成功的應(yīng)用程序是比斯汀.賈伯，它是一個惡搞賈斯汀·比伯程序。這是因為在我的學(xué)校里，許多人有點(diǎn)不喜歡賈斯汀·比伯。所以我就開始做了這個應(yīng)用了，開始編程，并在2010年的暑假推出了我的作品。a lot of people asked me: how did i make this, a lot of time just because the person you ask a question wants to make an app also, a lot of kids these days like to play games, but now they want to make them and it’s difficult.because not many kids know where to go to find out how to make a program.i mean for soccer you could go to a soccer team, for violin you could get lessons for violin, but what if you want to make an app and kid’s parents might have done these things when they were young, but not many parents made apps.where would you go to find out how to make an app, while this is how i approached, this is what i did.許多人問我，我是怎么做出這些東西來的？大多數(shù)情況下，問我這個問題的人也想做一個應(yīng)用程序試試?，F(xiàn)在有許多孩子曾喜歡玩游戲，現(xiàn)在他們可以自己創(chuàng)作游戲了，這很難，因為大多數(shù)孩子不知道去哪里學(xué)編程。我是說，如果你想學(xué)足球，你可以加入一個足球隊，如果學(xué)拉小提琴，你可以去興趣班。如果想做應(yīng)用程序，你該怎么辦呢？父母一般叫孩子們做一些事，但是有多少父母會編程呢？你去哪里可以學(xué)到編程呢？以下就是我怎么做到的，這就是我做的。first of all, i’ve been programming in multiple other programs just get the basics down, such as python, c, java etc.and then apple released the iphone and with the iphone soft developing, and software development kit is a swift tool for creating and programming an iphone app.this opened up a whole new world possibilities for me, and after playing with the soft developing a little bit i made a couple apps and made some test apps, one of them happen to be earth fortune was ready to put fortune on the app store, and so i persuaded my parents to pay the 99-dollar-fee to be able to put my app on the app stock.they agreed and now my apps are on the app store.首先，我先學(xué)了另外的編程，作為基礎(chǔ)，比如python、c語言、java編程。不久蘋果公司推出了iphone和iphone軟件開發(fā)工具包。iphone軟件開發(fā)工具包是一個給iphone編寫應(yīng)用程序的很好的工具。這給我?guī)砹税l(fā)現(xiàn)新世界一般的可能性，我在小小地玩了一下iphone軟件開發(fā)工具包之后，我就做了幾個應(yīng)用，并作了測試，其中之一就是地球算命。我很想把我的地球算命放上蘋果的應(yīng)用商店，我就說服我父母去支付進(jìn)入蘋果應(yīng)用超市所需的99美元。結(jié)果他們同意了，我的應(yīng)用上線了。

我得到了來自我的家庭、朋友、老師，甚至是蘋果應(yīng)用超市的工作人員的鼓勵，他們對我有了很大的影響。我從喬布斯身上得到了許多靈感，我在學(xué)校里組建了蘋果俱樂部。老師對我的俱樂部做出了積極地響應(yīng)。在我的學(xué)校里，每個人都可以來我的俱樂部里學(xué)習(xí)如何編寫應(yīng)用程序。這就是我與他人分享經(jīng)驗的方式。there are these programs called the ipad pallid program, and some districts have them.i’m fortunate to be part of one;a big challenge is how should the ipad be used on what apps shall we put on the ipads.so we’re getting feedback from teachers at this school to see what kind of apps they like when we design the app and we sell it, it would be free to local districts and other districts we sell to.all the money from that goes to local foundations, these days students usually know a little bit more than teachers with the technology, so, sorry, this is the resource of the teachers and educators should recognize this resource and make good use of it.有一種叫ipad平板電腦編程的組織，有些區(qū)里有這類的組織，我有幸成為他們當(dāng)中的一員。我最大的挑戰(zhàn)是怎么利用ipad，我們應(yīng)該給ipad做什么樣的程序。我們在學(xué)校里向老師做了反饋信息調(diào)查，看看他們喜歡什么樣的應(yīng)用程序。在我們設(shè)計好后，我們出售那些應(yīng)用。本地區(qū)的用戶可以免費(fèi)獲得，別的地區(qū)的用戶收費(fèi)。從中的利潤會投入到當(dāng)?shù)鼗饡小，F(xiàn)在，學(xué)生們，在技術(shù)方面，通常會比老師們懂得多。如此看來...對不起，這是老師們的資源，教育工作者應(yīng)該好好認(rèn)識并利用它。ted演講是由ted從每年1000人的俱樂部變成了一個每天10萬人流量的社區(qū)。為了繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大網(wǎng)站的影響力，ted還加入了社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能，以連接一切“有志改變世界的人”。從2006年起，ted演講的視頻被上傳到網(wǎng)上。截至2010年4月，ted官方網(wǎng)站上收錄的ted演講視頻已達(dá)650個，有逾五千萬的網(wǎng)民觀看了ted演講的視頻。ted是一下三個英文單詞的首字母大寫

【t】technology技術(shù) 【e】entertainment娛樂 【d】design設(shè)計 它是美國的一家私有非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)，該機(jī)構(gòu)以它組織的ted大會著稱。the theme of the ted：ideas worth spreading.ambulance 救護(hù)車 ——俺不能死；ponderous 肥胖的 ——胖的要死；pest害蟲——拍死它；ambition雄心——俺必勝；admire羨慕——額的媽呀篇五：ted英語演講稿：如何逃出教育的“死亡谷” ted英語演講稿：如何逃出教育的“死亡谷”

簡介：受教育的機(jī)會并非人人都有，而在學(xué)校的孩子們是否都能學(xué)有所成?英國學(xué)校教育咨詢師sir ken robinson 幽默演講，如何逃出教育的“死亡谷“? 告訴我們?nèi)绾我蚤_放的文化氛圍培育年輕的一代。

第四篇：TED英語演講稿

TED英語演講稿

TED英語演講稿

I was one of the only kids in college who had a reason to go to the P.O.box at the end of the day, and that was mainly because my mother has never believed in email, in Facebook, in texting or cell phones in general.And so while other kids were BBM-ing their parents, I was literally waiting by the mailbox to get a letter from home to see how the weekend had gone, which was a little frustrating when Grandma was in the hospital, but I was just looking for some sort of scribble, some unkempt cursive from my mother.And so when I moved to New York City after college and got completely sucker-punched in the face by depression, I did the only thing I could think of at the time.I wrote those same kinds of letters that my mother had written me for strangers, and tucked them all throughout the city, dozens and dozens of them.I left them everywhere, in cafes and in libraries, at the U.N., everywhere.I blogged about those letters and the days when they were necessary, and I posed a kind of crazy promise to the Internet: that if you asked me for a hand-written letter, I would write you one, no questions asked.Overnight, my inbox morphed into this harbor of heartbreak--a single mother in Sacramento, a girl being bullied in rural Kansas, all asking me, a 22-year-old girl who barely even knew her own coffee order, to write them a love letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.Well, today I fuel a global organization that is fueled by those trips to the mailbox, fueled by the ways in which we can harness social media like never before to write and mail strangers letters when they need them most, but most of all, fueled by crates of mail like this one, my trusty mail crate, filled with the scriptings of ordinary people, strangers writing letters to other strangers not because they're ever going to meet and laugh over a cup of coffee, but because they have found one another by way of letter-writing.But, you know, the thing that always gets me about these letters is that most of them have been written by people that have never known themselves loved on a piece of paper.They could not tell you about the ink of their own love letters.They're the ones from my generation, the ones of us that have grown up into a world where everything is paperless, and where some of our best conversations have happened upon a screen.We have learned to diary our pain onto Facebook, and we speak swiftly in 140 characters or less.But what if it's not about efficiency this time? I was on the subway yesterday with this mail crate, which is a conversation starter, let me tell you.If you ever need one, just carry one of these.(Laughter)And a man just stared at me, and he was like, “Well, why don't you use the Internet?” And I thought, “Well, sir, I am not a strategist, nor am I specialist.I am merely a storyteller.” And so I could tell you about a woman whose husband has just come home from Afghanistan, and she is having a hard time unearthing this thing called conversation, and so she tucks love letters throughout the house as a way to say, “Come back to me.Find me when you can.” Or a girl who decides that she is going to leave love letters around her campus in Dubuque, Iowa, only to find her efforts ripple-effected the next day when she walks out onto the quad and finds love letters hanging from the trees, tucked in the bushes and the benches.Or the man who decides that he is going to take his life, uses Facebook as a way to say goodbye to friends and family.Well, tonight he sleeps safely with a stack of letters just like this one tucked beneath his pillow, scripted by strangers who were there for him when.These are the kinds of stories that convinced me that letter-writing will never again need to flip back her hair and talk about efficiency, because she is an art form now, all the parts of her, the signing, the scripting, the mailing, the doodles in the margins.The mere fact that somebody would even just sit down, pull out a piece of paper and think about someone the whole way through, with an intention that is so much harder to unearth when the browser is up and the iPhone is pinging and we've got six conversations rolling in at once, that is an art form that does not fall down to the Goliath of “get faster,” no matter how many social networks we might join.We still clutch close these letters to our chest, to the words that speak louder than loud, when we turn pages into palettes to say the things that we have needed to say, the words that we have needed to write, to sisters and brothers and even to strangers, for far too long.Thank you.(Applause)(Applause)

第五篇：美式幽默英語演講稿

演講中的美式幽默

美國人愛幽默，特別是大庭廣眾之中，演講者丟包袱、甩噱頭，營造出一種輕松歡快、與聽眾互動的氛圍，已經(jīng)是現(xiàn)代美國文化的一種常態(tài)。馬克-吐溫的幽默細(xì)胞，已儼然浸入到美國文化的血液中。

市長的幽默

崔永元先生介紹了波斯頓市長在與中國市長同僚們會面時演說的幽默，波斯頓市長說道，他絕對沒有中國市長們那么威風(fēng)，他在波斯頓當(dāng)市長，更多的時候感覺自己就象個“墓地看守”，“看起來人挺多”但——“沒有一個聽我的”。呵呵。那是當(dāng)然的啰，在美國是個人主義得道，強(qiáng)調(diào)天賦人權(quán)，人人平等。不象中國，千年來儒家的“君臣父子長幼有序”，人的尊嚴(yán)完全奠立于手中握有權(quán)力的大小。當(dāng)了官，尤其當(dāng)了個“高官”，周圍多半會有一批馬屁精們圍繞。馬屁精們放棄自己的尊嚴(yán)，整天把領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的官銜掛在嘴上，使得我們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的感覺不要太好哦！

看看山東作協(xié)里的“作家”——在四川汶川地震時為追思被埋葬在廢墟下的學(xué)生寫的詩——對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的吹捧和贊美到了不知人間羞恥的地步！

沒看現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)，大家千軍萬馬爭當(dāng)“公務(wù)員”—— 其中必

有不少人恐怕為的就是想要出人頭地，期待身邊有人來給他溜須拍馬嘛！

可在美國，是不流行拍馬屁的哎！牧師的幽默

去過美國教會聽禮拜的大凡都有體會，美國牧師大多講道時比較幽默，氣氛活躍；不象國內(nèi)牧師那樣常常板起臉教訓(xùn)人，把講道搞得枯燥無味。

有一次去教會參加美國朋友的一個婚禮，主持婚禮的牧師認(rèn)真地向這對新人祝福，愿他倆“making love everyday!” 這句話，直白點(diǎn)的翻譯便是：做愛每一天！當(dāng)然也可以有柔和點(diǎn)的翻譯：恩愛每一天！

完全木有過去在國內(nèi)婚禮上主持人對新人的勵志話語：共同攜手——抓革命、促生產(chǎn)、為國家多做貢獻(xiàn)（其實也只讓生一個），，哈哈！

葬禮上的幽默

美國人演講的幽默甚至連葬禮也不放過。

我在美國通過電視直播觀看了蘋果公司創(chuàng)建人喬布斯去世后的葬禮現(xiàn)場，蘋果公司的一位高管，在葬禮上發(fā)表激情演說，他談到喬布斯一向追求細(xì)節(jié)的完美，不能容忍任何的細(xì)節(jié)疏忽。演講者說他“曾經(jīng)多次陪喬布斯外出公干”，每到一地在賓館住下，他把自己攜帶的行李中的衣物取出、擺放好，就立馬會接到喬布斯打來的電話，喬布斯對這家賓館房間乃至對這

個賓館的某個細(xì)節(jié)不滿意，要他“收拾行李”，準(zhǔn)備跟他“換賓館飯店”。以致后來他再陪喬布斯外出，到賓館住下后，他連自己的行李都不敢打開，就坐在房間電話機(jī)旁邊等——等喬布斯打電話來，準(zhǔn)備換賓館，“這樣比較方便”，省得把東西剛拿出來，又要放進(jìn)去。

會場一片笑聲，哎，這哪像“葬禮”??？ 有木有搞錯？ 偶滴油墨 幽默英語演講稿 love your mother 愛你的母親

why are you crying, a young boy asked his mom? 你為什么哭?一個小男孩問他的媽媽.because im a woman, she told him.因為我是女人,她告訴他.i dont understand, he said.我不明白.他回答

his mom just hugged him and said, and you never will, but thats o.k........媽媽擁抱了他說,你永遠(yuǎn)也不會明白,但沒關(guān)系...later the little boy asked his father, why does mom seem to cry for no reason?.后來小男孩問他的父親媽媽為什么似乎在無緣無故的哭泣? all women cry for no reason, was all his dad could say......所有的女人都會常常沒有原因地哭泣,這是他的父親唯一可以解釋的...the little boy grew up and became a man, still wondering why women cry.等到小男孩長大,成了男人的時候, 他仍然奇怪媽媽為什么哭.finally he put in a call to god and when god got back to him, he asked god, why do women cry so easily? 最后他把這件事禱告給上帝,他問上帝,為什么女人容易哭泣? god answered......上帝回答: when i made woman, i decided she had to be special.i made her shoulders strong enough to carry the weight of the world, yet, 當(dāng)我創(chuàng)造女人的時候, 我決定把她造的很特別, 我讓她的雙肩強(qiáng)壯的足以能夠承擔(dān)整個世界,但是, 卻讓她的雙臂溫柔的足夠去安慰他人...i gave her the inner strength to endure childbirth and the rejection even from her own children.我給她內(nèi)在的力量去忍受生產(chǎn)的劇痛, 也讓她有勇氣承受無數(shù)的傷害, 甚至這些傷害有時會來自于自己的孩子...i gave her a hardness that allows her to keep going and take care of her family and friends, even when everyone else gives up, through sickness and fatigue without 我給她頑強(qiáng),讓她能夠不斷地前進(jìn), 并且照顧自己的家人和朋友, 甚至當(dāng)每個人都放棄的時候, 她卻能夠堅強(qiáng)地在疾病和勞累之時毫無怨言...i gave her the sensitivity to love her children under any and all circumstances.even when her child has hurt her badly....she has the very special power to make a childs boo-boo feel better and to quell a teenagers anxieties and fears....我給她內(nèi)心的敏感,讓她在任何環(huán)境下都深愛著自己的孩子.甚至在他們深深傷害她的時候．．．

她用那特別的力量，讓年幼孩子的在受傷的時候感到安慰，也能夠讓年輕的子女消除緊張與恐懼．．．

i gave her strength to care for her husband, despite faults and i fashioned her from his rib to protect his heart....我給她力量關(guān)心她的丈夫，盡管他會犯錯．我用男人的肋骨創(chuàng)造了女人，使女人可以保護(hù)男人的心臟．．． i gave her wisdom to know that a good husband never hurts his wife, but sometimes tests her strengths and her resolve to stand beside him unfalteringly....我給她智慧，讓她知道一個好丈夫永遠(yuǎn)不會傷害他的妻子，但有時候會試煉她堅定的永遠(yuǎn)跟隨自己丈夫的能力與決心． for all of this hard work, i also gave her a tear to shed.it is hers to use whenever needed and when you see her cry, tell her how much you love her, and all she does for everyone, and even though she may still cry, you will have made her heart feel good.因為這些種種的困難，我也同樣賜她流下眼淚，這是當(dāng)她在需要時可以使用的，這是她唯一的軟弱之處．．．

當(dāng)你看到她哭泣的時候，告訴她你有多么地愛她，告訴她她為所有人所做的一切，即使這樣她可能還是會哭泣，但你會使她的心里得到安慰． she is special!please send this to women you know, and those with mothers, sisters, and special women in their lives.她是獨(dú)特的！

請把這個信息傳遞給你認(rèn)識的女人，有母親，姐妹和特別的女性在他們生命里的人． but, also send this to men so they will understand about what a wonderful thing a woman is.篇三：【英語】美式幽默 1.is she big-boned? 她是不是很魁梧?。? big-bone看字面解釋就知道是指骨架很粗大。這對美女(美國的女人)來說是見怪不怪的。在電影something about mary中就有這一句，is she big-boned? 那嬌小的女子怎么說？嬌小就是petite。很多從亞洲來女生來美國都抱怨買不到合適的衣服，其實很多店都有一區(qū)petite。去那里找找，保證你會有意想不到的收獲。若是真的找不到，就試試teenager那兒也有許多合適的衣服。2.we have a female shortage here。

我們這里鬧女人荒。

由于我的學(xué)校是理工學(xué)院，所以男女比例自然是不均勻，有一次連老美也不禁感嘆道，we have a female shortage here。這樣的說法是不是聽來很特別？其實我看根本就不只是female shortage而是 female drought。或是更夸張一點(diǎn)的講法，we have a female extinction here。3.you are a freaking yankee。

你是怪怪的北方佬。

老美彼此之間很喜歡拿對方的出生地作文章。因為南北的差異，所以或多或少北方人看不起南方人，南方人也看不起北方人。yankee 是南北戰(zhàn)爭時北軍的士兵叫yankee, 現(xiàn)在一般指北方佬。而freaking是說這人很怪，或者解釋成怪胎也可以。4.i am laying low。

我躲起來了。

有一次我問一個老美，how are you doing? 結(jié)果他回我i am laying low。結(jié)果在場的老美都在笑，但是只有我聽不懂。其實laying low就是說躲的低低的，怕被別人看到，就是想辦法混就對了。事后老美跟我解釋說這句話其實沒那么好笑，主要是因為我聽不懂，大家才又覺得更好笑。5.i cut the cheese。

我放屁了。

一般人說放屁這個字都會用fart這個字，但是cut the cheese也有放屁的意思在里面。為什么呢？因為大家想想切cheese時會發(fā)出什么聲音？是不是和放屁很像呢？但是這樣的用法似乎并不常用，我只在某部很爛的片子：mysterious man里聽過一次。6.do you go out with your gun loaded? 你要帶著你上膛的槍出門嗎？

此槍非彼槍。大家應(yīng)該知道我指的是什么樣的 槍, 這句也是我去看something about mary這部電影時學(xué)到的。使用時機(jī)就是有些男人出去跟女人約會，滿腦子想的就是如何跟她上床，你要糗糗他，就可以這么說 do you go out with your gun loaded? she probably will get hurt。7.she is a big gossip。

她是八卦夫人。

gossip平時指的是八卦新聞，但它也可以拿來形容一個人很八卦。所以she is a big gossip就是說她是個八卦夫人?；蚴悄阋部梢哉f，she is gossipy。中文里講的廣播電臺在美國倒是不常見，反而是有另一種說說 she is an information bureau(她是情報局)也蠻有趣的。8.if the boys stare at you, they have guts to suck your teeth!如果男生盯著你看，他們就有膽親你。

這是我看電視full house學(xué)來的，是二個姐妹的對話，這句話有三個地方我覺的很棒，第一個是stare at you, 就是指盯著人家看的意思，have guts 就是說有膽子的意思，(這是一個巧合，中文英文說有膽子都是說有勇氣的意思！)而最后一個 suck your teeth 則是指親嘴的意思，很有趣，但是像這種句子是小孩子說的，難登大雅之堂。

親嘴還有另外一個口語的用法：smooch 例如 i didnt smooch that girl last night。我昨晚沒親那個女孩。9.she is vertically challenged 她的身高受到了挑戰(zhàn)

這樣的說法就是說人家很矮的意思，但是是比較婉轉(zhuǎn)(political correctness)的說法。什么challenged 就是說有某方面的障礙，如mentally challenged就是說心智障礙，也就是低能兒的意思。

關(guān)于這個political correctness老美也常用，不過中文并沒有適當(dāng)相對應(yīng)的翻法。所謂的 political correctness就是說為了不得罪某一族群的人，而在用辭上加以修飾，讓它聽來不會歧視某一族群。例如 chairman這個字，可能會得罪某些女性主義者，所以就發(fā)明了chairperson這個字。這樣子的轉(zhuǎn)變，就可以算是 political correctness。10.where can i dump these white elephants? 這些無用的垃圾我要丟到哪里？

比如說家中的286計算機(jī)用之無味，棄之可惜，放在那里一擺就是好幾年，這種垃圾就叫white elephant。只是這樣的說法比較少見。不過有些人還是會這么用，我曾聽一個老美他說，the fountain is a white elephant.意思是，這個噴水池真是廢物。

有些老美會在自家的庭院前辦所謂的garage sale, 就是把一些家里很少用到的東西拿出來賣。有些人的告示上會寫white elephant sale。如果你不知道whte elephant指的是無用之物的話，你可能會覺得蠻奇怪的，為什么有人在賣白大象呢？篇四：美式幽默 美式幽默

中國式笑話與美國式笑話有很大的區(qū)別，你可以試著看看一下幾個小故事，如果覺得真心好笑。那么說明你具有美式幽默哦！jack told his wife, helen, that he wanted to spend his vacation where he had never been before.helen said, “how about the kitchen?” charles came home at four in the morning and found his wife lying awake in the bed.where you until this hour of the morning? she screamed.ignoring what she asked, charelrs opened his bedroom closet and found a naked man cringing on the floor.chareles asked, who is this man? dont change the subject!replied his wife.篇五：美式幽默的字幕翻譯論文

畢 業(yè) 論 文

學(xué)生姓名

學(xué)位層次 學(xué) 士

院 系 外 語

專 業(yè) 英 語

指導(dǎo)教師

完成日期 contents

abstract.........................................................................................1 abstract(chinese)..........................................................................2 i.introduction................................................................................3 ii.the principles of film subtitling translation of american humor.4 2.2 cultural return...................................................................6 2.3 colloquial domestication.....................................................7 ⅲ.the translation methods of american humor.............................8 3.1 the translation methods of the style dislocation.................8 3.2 the translation methods of irony........................................8 3.3 the translation methods of exaggeration.............................9 3.4 the translation methods of allusion..................................10 ⅳ.conclusion..............................................................................11

reference.....................................................................................12 abstract key words: american humor;film subtitling translation;translation principle;translation method 摘 要 電影在現(xiàn)今變得越來越流行，中國人被外語電影包圍者，而外語電影業(yè)給中國人的生活帶來了特別的美式幽默，全新的文化模式也給字幕翻譯者帶來了挑戰(zhàn)，這篇文章圍繞美式幽默字幕翻譯展開的。美式幽默在外語電影作品中無處不在，它對幽默的字幕翻譯處理也是頗有難度。電影中不同類型，不同形式的美式幽默為劇情增加了很多亮點(diǎn)。電影字幕這一文化載體要對其進(jìn)行研究必定要置身于整個社會歷史大環(huán)境下，不能只考慮語言文本的對等。這也對傳統(tǒng)的翻譯三原則提出了挑戰(zhàn)，它在翻譯上的難度也引起了人們對字幕翻譯原則與方法的思考。