第一篇：2018年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之教育類(lèi)練習(xí)題

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2018年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之教育類(lèi)練習(xí)

題

暑期集訓(xùn)來(lái)了，如何在暑期兩個(gè)月創(chuàng)造出雙倍的價(jià)值是每個(gè)考生想要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)。這就需要加倍的努力和科學(xué)的規(guī)劃了。英語(yǔ)方面的復(fù)習(xí)，大家要持續(xù)性背單詞，閱讀、寫(xiě)作及翻譯要多加練習(xí)，總結(jié)方法技巧，活學(xué)活用。下面凱程在線(xiàn)和大家分享教育類(lèi)的閱讀模擬題，大家不妨集中練習(xí)，提升閱讀速度和做題技巧。

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s.Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent.The extent of the loss was，however，largely a matter of expert guessing.Last week a well-rounded study was published.It was published.It was based on 22，000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent，and in most cases the dropouts，while not completing the Ph.D.requirement，went on to productive work.They are not only doing well financially，but，according to the report，are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week，Dr.Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D.programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree.Attrition at the Ph.D.level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.’

“The results of our research” Dr.Tucker concluded，“did not support these opinions.”

1.Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.2.Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.3.Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision，but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination，uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams.Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D.program，lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing，a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20，000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.‘s with that background reached this figure.The Ph.D.’s shone in the $ 7，500 to $ 15，000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields，where Ph.D.‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries，are still lagging behind other fields.凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus，the outlook was glum.The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph.D.holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2.Research has shown that

[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph.D.‘s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D.studies.[C] The Ph.D.candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph.D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an essential part of many Ph.D.programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.4.After reading the article，one would refrain from concluding that

[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.[B] a Ph.D.dropout，by and large，does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D.dropouts.[D] Ph.D.‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

[A] salary for Ph.D.too low.[B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high.[D] 1000 positions.答案詳解

1.A.許多教育工作者感到應(yīng)采取步驟讓輟學(xué)者回校學(xué)習(xí)，特別是有些學(xué)科。這在

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50%?！?B.在博士學(xué)習(xí)中刺激因素較小。C.博士預(yù)備生如果中途退學(xué)很可能改變其專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。

3.C.博士生應(yīng)達(dá)到外語(yǔ)要求的水平是許多博士生課程的一個(gè)基本組成部分。這在

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encourages.Boys don‘t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses，more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale，than human beings.Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes.Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind.There are no goddesses with freckles，pigtails，piercing voices and inky fingers.There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees，dirty fingernails and unkempt hair.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment.Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation.This is hardly possible under a co-educational system.When the time comes for the pupils to leave school，they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults.They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.1.What is the best title for this passage?

[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.[B] people are in great need of co-education.[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.[D] co-education has many features.2.what does co-education offer to children?

[A] A society.[B] A true small model of society.[C] A real life.[D] True version of social condition.3.According to the passage，what is one of the chief aims of education?

[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.4.Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?

[A] They live together and know each other too well.[B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.[D] They are familiar with each other‘s problems.Vocabulary

1.to be in for = receive 接受

2.He is in for punishment.他受到懲罰。

3.miniature 縮樣，雛形，微型畫(huà)

4.freckle 雀斑

5.pigtail 鞭子

6.knobbly = knobby 多節(jié)的 7.unkempt 亂七八糟，蓬亂的 8.sharp focus = clear view

9.bring into focus 使集中在焦點(diǎn)上，對(duì)光

10.bring into sharp focus 這里的意義是：一目了然，明顯突出

11.deviation 越軌，偏離，入歧途

4頁(yè)共4頁(yè)

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12.all the more 越發(fā)，格外

難句譯注

1.a co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.【參考譯文】男女合校至少給孩子提供了一個(gè)社會(huì)真正縮影。

2.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.【參考譯文】棘手的青春期把成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的某些身體上合感情上的問(wèn)題清晰地?cái)[出來(lái)。

寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意

文章論及“男女合校制的優(yōu)越性和男女分校制的缺陷?！辈捎靡蚬?、對(duì)比寫(xiě)法。首先假設(shè)單一性別社會(huì)，人所不能容忍，那單一性別的學(xué)校培養(yǎng)的人又怎能適應(yīng)社會(huì)。因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)是男女組成的。然后分別對(duì)比合校和分校的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。比較合校的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，分校的缺點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論：之后合校的學(xué)生，在離校進(jìn)入社會(huì)，已做好一切準(zhǔn)備，而不會(huì)感到震驚，因?yàn)樗麄円延泻脦啄甑慕?jīng)驗(yàn)，會(huì)處理面臨男女的許多問(wèn)題。

答案詳解

1.C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育簡(jiǎn)直難以想象。答案見(jiàn)

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four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.Her sister，Marlin，22，attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant.The brothers are a different story.Oscar，17，was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school.The youngest，Jonathan，15，is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law.“The boys get sidetracked more，” says the kids' mother，Suyapa Landaverde.“The girls are more confident.”

This is no aberration.Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys，according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed，five-year study of immigrant children——the largest of its kind，including Latino，Chinese and Haitian kids——by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education.Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well，the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different.The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.Consider the kids' experiences in school.The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture——the dress，the slang，the disdain for education.They're disciplined more often and，as a result，develop more adversarial relationships with teachers——and the wider society.They may also face more debilitating prejudices.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”

Gender shapes immigrant kids' experiences outside school as well.Often hailing from traditional cultures，the girls face greater domestic obligations.They also frequently act as “cultural ambassadors，” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world，says Carola Suarez-Orozco.An unintended consequence：“The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im，18，a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago.She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother's clothing shop.Her brother? “He plays computer games，” says Im.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.Oscar Herrera，Martha's dropout brother，may be realizing that.“I'm thinking of returning to school，” he recently told his mother.He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.1.In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by

[A]posing a contrast

[B]justifying an assumption

[C]making a comparison

[D]explaining a phenomenon

2.The statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’”(Line two，Paragraph 4)implies that 6頁(yè)共6頁(yè)

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[A]they work as a translator for their parents

[B]they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture

[C]they encourage their parents to go into the outside world

[D]their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador.3.Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons，except that

[A]American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys

[B]people have prejudice against them

[C]their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls

[D]they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world

4.Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that

[A]the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world

[B]the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture

[C]the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys

[D]the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined

5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A]All the dropouts should receive good education.[B]Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.[C]Schooling education has been neglected.[D]More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.詞匯注釋

sidetracked 使受牽制的，誤入歧途的 aberration 失常;偏差

outperform 勝過(guò)

preliminary 預(yù)備的，初步的 discrepancy 相差，差異，矛盾

adept at 熟練于?;擅長(zhǎng)于?

straddle 跨坐

navigate 航行于，駕駛，操縱

adversarial 敵手的，對(duì)手的 debilitate 使衰弱，使虛弱

macho 男子的，男子氣的

hailing from 來(lái)自，在某地生長(zhǎng)

mediate 仲裁，調(diào)停

foist 偷偷插入，使混入

phenomenally 現(xiàn)象上的，明白地;驚人地

irretrievably 不能挽回地，不能補(bǔ)救地

look to sb.for sth.以來(lái)或指望某人提供或作某事物

fare 進(jìn)展;成功

難句講解

1.Last week，four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.7頁(yè)共7頁(yè)

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[簡(jiǎn)析] 本句話(huà)是一個(gè)并列句，其主干“Martha graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades?”。four years after she arrived from Honduras和20是插入語(yǔ);while引導(dǎo)的斷語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示讓步。

2.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.[簡(jiǎn)析]本句話(huà)的主干是“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features?”。Because引導(dǎo)的是原因莊宇從句;says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco是插入語(yǔ);while 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中的by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其中的it指的是new culture.3.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”

[簡(jiǎn)析]本句話(huà)的主干是“One teacher said that?”。interviewed for the study作定語(yǔ)修飾teacher;that 引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，其中的she received as part of her continuing education是一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾cultural awareness training.4.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.[簡(jiǎn)析]本句話(huà)的主干是“The Harvard study bears a cautionary note?”。冒號(hào)后面的句子是在解釋前面的句子;if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句;破折號(hào)里面的內(nèi)容是在進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明if 引導(dǎo)的從句。

答案與解析

1.C 結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“在開(kāi)始段落，作者通過(guò)介紹他的主題”。文章

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是移民男孩不會(huì)獲得成功的原因。[A]“美國(guó)的青少年文化對(duì)男孩有不利的影響”是針對(duì)

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had exposure to larger projects.If all of your experience was at no-name companies in North Dakota，then you need to tell me that the project youworked on had 15 developers and an annual budget of 3 million dollars.Otherwise I’m likely to think your prior experience was building simple ASP front ends to little Access databases.And finally，follow the directions for applying for the job.If I went to the trouble of describing how you should apply，there‘s probably a good reason for it.If I ask for a plain-text resume，don’t send a Word document or a link to your resume on your Web site.If I ask for a code sample，include it.If you can‘t follow those simple directions，how can I expect that you’ll be able to follow a spec?

I don‘t even look at those emails I get with Word attachments，no code samples，no information about availability or your location.I simply file them away in case I ever have a need to hire a developer that doesn’t know how to follow directions.Reading Comprehension

1.Why did the author suggest that don‘t put your cover letter in another attachment of your resume?

[A] It‘s a waste of time.[B] It is absurd.[C] It will make your cover letter not do its job.[D] There is no need to do so.2.Why did the author emphasize the importance of proofread?

[A] Because it is a quality that a pupil should have.[B] Proofreading can decrease errors from your cover letter.[C] It will make you avoid some simple errors and will give your reader a good impression.[D] It can make you win Pulitzer-prize.3.Why did the author say that you should let the reader know what size project you‘ve worked on?

[A] Because this will highlight your resume.[B] Because you are required to do so.[C] Because this will let your reader know you better.[D]Because it can make your reader know your ability for larger projects.4.What‘s the meaning of “went to the trouble” that mentioned in paragraph 6?

[A] To face puzzledom.[B] An amount of effort and time that is needed to do something.[C] Have some difficulties.[D] Some problems can‘t be solve.5.What‘s the meaning of the word “spec” which mentioned in paragraph 6?

[A] Rule.[B] Law.[C] A detailed instruction about how a piece of equipment should be made.[D] An direction.答案與題解

1.[C] 細(xì)節(jié)題。準(zhǔn)確定位到原文是解題的關(guān)鍵。本題出現(xiàn)在原文的

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在另一個(gè)附件中則求職信將發(fā)揮不出它

的作用。

2.[C] 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的干擾項(xiàng)在B項(xiàng)。校對(duì)的確可以減少錯(cuò)誤，但這并不是本文強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。本文認(rèn)為避免一些低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤是給審查簡(jiǎn)歷的人留下好印象的機(jī)會(huì)。

3.[D] 細(xì)節(jié)題。請(qǐng)看文中的

第二篇：2018年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)題

2018年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)題（3）

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise;and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition.In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is.Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these.Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways.First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists.Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha!experience.Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting.Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue.One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1.According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to

[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B] Identify a problem.[C] Bring together disparate facts.[D] Stipulate clear goals.2.The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?

[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3.It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?

[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts;Manager Y does not.[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis;Manager Y does not.[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem;Manager Y does not.[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem;Manager X does not.4.The text provides support for which of the following statements?

[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical Sagemnet.Comskills.[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?

[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.[答案與考點(diǎn)解析]

1.「答案」D

「考點(diǎn)解析」這是一道歸納推導(dǎo)題。本題題干中的senior managers暗示本題的答案信息在第三段,因?yàn)榈谌问拙浒}干中的senior managers。通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀和理解本段中所談到的五點(diǎn),我們可推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)是選項(xiàng)D.本題選項(xiàng)A、B、C所涉及的內(nèi)容分別在本段的第五點(diǎn)、第一點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)提到?？忌诮忸}時(shí)一定要學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)真歸納和總結(jié)原文所表達(dá)的每一層含義。

2.「答案」D

「考點(diǎn)解析」這是一道句間關(guān)系題。題干已將本題的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本題答案信息的最主要來(lái)源,通過(guò)閱讀和理解此句,我們可推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D.考生在解題時(shí)一定要適當(dāng)理解上下句之間的關(guān)系。

3.「答案」C

「考點(diǎn)解析」本題是一道審題定位題。題干中的who uses intuition to reach decisions暗示本題的答案信息在第四段,因?yàn)榈谒亩问拙浜泻皖}干中who uses intuition to reach decisions大致相同的the intuitive style of executive management。通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀和理解第四段的每一句話(huà),我們可發(fā)現(xiàn)第四段的第一句話(huà)都在強(qiáng)調(diào)act(行動(dòng)),可見(jiàn)本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是強(qiáng)調(diào)行動(dòng)的選項(xiàng)C.本題的答案信息來(lái)源是第四段的第二句話(huà)?？忌诮忸}時(shí)一定要首先準(zhǔn)確地審題定位,然后要善于歸納和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。

4.「答案」D

「考點(diǎn)解析」本題是一道審題定位題。題干中并沒(méi)有明確指出本題答案信息在原文的準(zhǔn)確位置。在這種情況下,考生往往迷失解題思路。在考生迷失解題思路時(shí)一定要牢記全文中心主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能夠抓住第一段的尾句,并結(jié)合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是D.考生在解題時(shí),尤其是在迷失解題思路時(shí),一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同時(shí)還要抓一些明確表示啟承轉(zhuǎn)合關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

5.「答案」B

「考點(diǎn)解析」本題是一道段落結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一句話(huà)中的do not和第二句句首的rather是破解本題的關(guān)鍵。抓住這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵就可以推導(dǎo)出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是B.考生在解題時(shí)一定要注意表示否定的詞語(yǔ)以及表示啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的詞語(yǔ),更要注意句子之間的相互關(guān)系。

[參考譯文] 大部分成功的高層管理人員并不拘泥于傳統(tǒng)的推理模式,即：首先確定目標(biāo),然后估定問(wèn)題,擺出各種可能性,估計(jì)成功率,再做決定,最后才付諸行動(dòng)去實(shí)施。相反,在這些人的日常決策過(guò)程中,他們靠一種定義模糊的直覺(jué)應(yīng)付大量相關(guān)問(wèn)題,這些問(wèn)題使他們必須在一堆含糊不清,自相矛盾,奇特?zé)o比或者令人驚異的事物中做抉擇,而且在考慮過(guò)程中就要有相應(yīng)的行動(dòng)。

管理學(xué)作品的寫(xiě)作者早就注意到了實(shí)踐當(dāng)中一些管理者對(duì)直覺(jué)依賴(lài)很強(qiáng)。不過(guò)總的來(lái)說(shuō),這些寫(xiě)作者未曾表達(dá)出什么叫做直覺(jué)。有些人將其視作理性的對(duì)立面,還有人認(rèn)為它是反復(fù)無(wú)常的(做法、性格)的一個(gè)借口。

Isenberg最近對(duì)高層管理人員認(rèn)知過(guò)程的研究揭示了管理者的直覺(jué)并不是上述的任何一種情況。高層管理者是在五個(gè)不同的方面使用直覺(jué)。首先,他們直覺(jué)地感到有問(wèn)題存在。第二,依靠直覺(jué),管理者們能很快表現(xiàn)出有教養(yǎng)的行為方式。這種直覺(jué)并不是任意,非理性的,而是在多年實(shí)踐磨練,和親身體驗(yàn)培養(yǎng)出的技能的基礎(chǔ)上形成。第三,直覺(jué)把一些零散的數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)際情況組合為一個(gè)完整畫(huà)面,這經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)為一聲Aha式的體驗(yàn)。第四,有些管理者也應(yīng)用直覺(jué)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)更理性化分析的結(jié)果。大部分高層管理人員熟知傳統(tǒng)的決策分析模式和工具,那些使用這些正式的系統(tǒng)化方法做出決定的人經(jīng)常會(huì)對(duì)一種情況保持警惕,那就是有時(shí)此方法得出的結(jié)論和他們對(duì)正確行為的感覺(jué)不符。最后,管理者可通過(guò)直覺(jué)繞開(kāi)深?yuàn)W的分析而快速產(chǎn)生一個(gè)可能的解決辦法。這么使用時(shí),直覺(jué)幾乎是一個(gè)瞬間的思維過(guò)程,這一模式為管理者所熟悉。

這些管理者用直覺(jué)方式的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是思考和行動(dòng)不能分開(kāi)。由于(在這種方式中)管理者在分析和解釋問(wèn)題之前就已經(jīng)明白應(yīng)該怎么去做,他們經(jīng)常是先行動(dòng),后解釋。在思考?D行動(dòng)的循環(huán)中,分析是必不可少的。在這其中管理者們不是靠分析他們面對(duì)的形勢(shì)來(lái)思考其公司、組織的情況,而是行動(dòng)和分析在高度一致地進(jìn)行。

由于管理者們經(jīng)常面對(duì)許多不確定的情況,他們鼓勵(lì)采取各種行動(dòng)來(lái)對(duì)問(wèn)題作一番深入了解。他們藉此對(duì)問(wèn)題做出更深的體會(huì)。這種思考行為循環(huán)的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)即：行動(dòng)是確定問(wèn)題的一部分,而不只是解決問(wèn)題的步驟。

第三篇：2010年考研經(jīng)典短文背誦之教育類(lèi)

2010年考研經(jīng)典短文背誦之教育類(lèi)

Directions:

Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1)describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and

2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.分析：

這又是一組對(duì)比的組圖，非常簡(jiǎn)單明了。兩張圖的大背景都是暴風(fēng)雨交加的惡劣天氣，在左邊的圖中，花朵在溫室中絢爛地開(kāi)放；而右圖中，同樣的一朵花在離開(kāi)了溫室之后就黯然凋謝了。組圖題為“溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨”，考生稍加分析就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該圖并不只是談?wù)摶ǘ洌侵赶蛄宋覀兤綍r(shí)所說(shuō)的“祖國(guó)的花朵”們，也就是孩子們，這就自然而然地和社會(huì)問(wèn)題聯(lián)系在了一起。中國(guó)在實(shí)施了計(jì)劃生育之后，獨(dú)生子女們成為了家里的“小皇帝”、“小公主”，受到全家人的百般呵護(hù)，從小就在蜜罐中長(zhǎng)大。這些孩子們?nèi)松缆穾缀醵际且环L(fēng)順，沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)大的困難和挫折，因此一旦離開(kāi)了父母的保護(hù)，就很容易由于經(jīng)不起各種社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的打擊而一蹶不振。通過(guò)這番分析，我們就可以得出文章的主要論點(diǎn)，即受到過(guò)分溺愛(ài)的孩子們經(jīng)不起挫折和逆境。

思路拓展：

獨(dú)生子女成長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題在很大程度上牽涉到了中國(guó)的教育制度和教育方法等全方位的問(wèn)題。我們可以聯(lián)想到現(xiàn)階段在教育界存在的其他熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，如傳統(tǒng)灌輸教育和素質(zhì)教育之間的關(guān)系、孩子的學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂(lè)之間的關(guān)系、學(xué)生們的全面發(fā)展問(wèn)題、教育費(fèi)用和教育負(fù)擔(dān)的問(wèn)題、教育質(zhì)量的問(wèn)題、城鄉(xiāng)教育制度差別的問(wèn)題、教育公平性問(wèn)題等等。這些問(wèn)題都是平時(shí)政府、民眾和媒體非常關(guān)注的問(wèn)題，考生借助自己的大學(xué)生活背景也能夠了解許多相關(guān)的情況。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，教育類(lèi)的話(huà)題對(duì)于考生說(shuō)是一個(gè)比較熟悉、也相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單容易的話(huà)題。

范文：

As the title indicates, “greenhouse flowers cannot survive unpleasant weather”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that excessive protection only leads to negative results.When a flower blossoms in the greenhouse despite of the external rain and thunder, it withers immediately once being moved out of its cozy haven.Children in China are always compared to “the flowers of our motherland”.It is alarming that a large portion of them are in danger of experiencing a similar misfortune to the flower in the picture.This is partly attributed to the birth of a generation of “only children”, who are quite pampered and spoiled by their parents.Leading a life full of success, love and sweetness, these children are quite ignorant of failure, hardship, and the taste of tears that abound in real life.Therefore, when they leave home, they might be overly sensitive to frustration and easily suffer depression that prevents them from a happy and promising future.This type of child is not what we hope for the future of our country.On the contrary, we need to nurture a generation that is fully prepared for independent life, so that it is ready to confront any challenge, adapt to changes of environment, and survive the heated competition in today’s world.譯文：

正如該圖的題目所顯示的那樣，“溫室里的花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨”，這組圖畫(huà)清楚地告訴我們過(guò)度的保護(hù)只會(huì)導(dǎo)致負(fù)面的結(jié)果。當(dāng)外面打雷下雨的時(shí)候，一朵花卻能在溫室中生機(jī)勃勃地開(kāi)放。可是一旦離開(kāi)了這個(gè)舒適的避難所來(lái)到外面的時(shí)候，這朵花立刻就凋謝了。

在中國(guó)，孩子經(jīng)常被比作“祖國(guó)的花朵”。但是，令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是很多孩子有可能經(jīng)歷圖中花朵的不幸。部分原因可以歸結(jié)為“獨(dú)生子女”一代的出生，這些孩子都被他們的父母慣壞了。他們的生活中只充滿(mǎn)了成功、愛(ài)和甜蜜，而他們都不懂什么是失敗、艱難，也很少?lài)L過(guò)眼淚的滋味，但是實(shí)際生活中卻是充滿(mǎn)了失敗、艱難和眼淚的。因此，他們可能會(huì)對(duì)挫折過(guò)于敏感、也很容易及沉湎于憂(yōu)郁，使他們?cè)谔と肷鐣?huì)以后沒(méi)有一個(gè)幸福和充滿(mǎn)前景的未來(lái)。

這一類(lèi)孩子決不是我們國(guó)家未來(lái)需要的人才。相反，我們需要培育一代能夠獨(dú)立生活的孩子，他們隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備面對(duì)任何挑戰(zhàn)、隨時(shí)適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化、并能夠在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存下來(lái)。

閃光詞匯及詞組：

excessive: adj.過(guò)度的，過(guò)分的 blossom: v.開(kāi)花

external: adj.外部的 wither: v.枯萎

cozy: adj.舒適的，安逸的 haven: n.避難所

a large portion of: 很大一部分

misfortune: n.不幸，災(zāi)禍

abound in: 富于

nurture: v.教育，養(yǎng)育

萬(wàn)能句型：

The set of pictures apparently reminds us that…

This partly attributes to…

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:

1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then 3)state your points of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.不對(duì)，我的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案是2+1=3，扣十分

范文：

As is described in the drawing, a student fails in a knowledge competition simply because his answer to one question, though being 100% correct, is not exactly the same as the so-called standard answer.It is discernable that other students are quite puzzled by why “1+2=3” is wrong while “2+1=3” is right.The drawing reminds its audience of a widespread phenomenon in the area of basic education in China, that is, educators stick blindly to fixed standards without allowing any room of flexibility or variation.Students are required to mechanically remember what is written in the books, but receive no encouragement to question, challenge, and disagree.Consequently, children’s creativity is largely limited or killed, which exerts a detrimental impact on their future development, especially in the current society which puts so much emphasis on creativity, innovation, and inventiveness.As far as I am concerned, there needs to be a comprehensive renovation in the educational system, where new educational concepts, such as to inspire creation, are installed.Only by new teaching methods other than stiff memorization can we cultivate children into talents who will meet the requirements that society demands.Likewise, this new tendency would also benefit educators themselves to realize their own potential.譯文：

正如圖中描繪的那樣，一個(gè)學(xué)生在一次智力競(jìng)賽中的失敗僅僅是因?yàn)樗拇鸢负退^的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案不是完全一致，盡管他的答案也是完全正確的。我們可以看到其他學(xué)生對(duì)于為什么1+2=3是錯(cuò)誤的而2+1=3是正確的感到十分疑惑。

這幅圖實(shí)際上是在提醒讀者在中國(guó)基礎(chǔ)教育界存在的一個(gè)普遍的負(fù)面現(xiàn)象，那就是教育者盲目地堅(jiān)持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而不提供靈活和變化的空間。老師要求學(xué)生們機(jī)械地背誦書(shū)上的知識(shí)，但是從來(lái)不鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生質(zhì)疑、提出挑戰(zhàn)或者不同見(jiàn)解。因此，孩子們的創(chuàng)造力受到了限制和扼殺，這對(duì)于他們的未來(lái)發(fā)展是有害的，特別是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)十分強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)新性和獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。

我認(rèn)為需要對(duì)教育系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行一次全面的革新，加入一些新的教育理念，如鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新等。我們只有通過(guò)新的教育方法、而不是死記硬背，才能把孩子們培養(yǎng)成為適合社會(huì)要求的人才。同樣，這種新的趨勢(shì)對(duì)于教育者自身也是有好處的，能夠使他們開(kāi)發(fā)自己的潛能。

閃光詞匯及詞組：

puzzled: adj.困惑的 flexibility: n.靈活性

variation: n.變化

mechanically: adv.機(jī)械地

stiff: adj.呆板的

cultivate: v.教育，培養(yǎng)

likewise: adv.同樣地

萬(wàn)能句型：

It is discernable that…

The drawing reminds its audience of a widespread phenomenon in the area of…

As far as I am concerned, there needs to…

Only by…can we…

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:

1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then

3)state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.拔苗圖

范文：

What is delineated in front of us is a pair of parents who are eager to cultivate their little child into a well-rounded person.The poor girl seems to have a quite tight schedule, as her father is teaching her how to paint while her mother is preparing for her violin class.The dullness of the kid’s eyes portrays her unwillingness and dislike to learn so many things after school.The drawing reflects a common phenomenon in China that parents are obsessed with the wish of their child’s future success, which is, though, very understandable.Particularly due to the one-child policy, the only child is the greatest hope of parents and is provided with all the available resources.Meanwhile, we sadly discover that this generation of only children is deprived of what used to be the fun of childhood, like running around, playing various games with friends, and climbing trees, all of which are replaced by numerous tutoring courses and art lessons.Admittedly, an early and diversified education benefits children in exploring their potentials.Nevertheless, I strongly contend that children are entitled to enjoy a happy childhood filled with games and fun, instead of tedious classes.An appropriate extent of freedom can only do kids good, by promoting their comprehensive development both mentally and physically.譯文：

呈現(xiàn)在我們面前的是一對(duì)急于把他們的小女兒培養(yǎng)成為一個(gè)通才的夫妻。這個(gè)可憐的小女孩看起來(lái)時(shí)間表排得滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)的，她的父親正在教她畫(huà)畫(huà)，而母親正在為她準(zhǔn)備小提琴課。但是，這個(gè)孩子呆滯的雙眼卻泄漏了她不愿意在放學(xué)之后還學(xué)這么多東西的心情。

這幅圖反映了一個(gè)在中國(guó)很普遍的現(xiàn)象，即父母?jìng)兌纪映升?，盡管這是一個(gè)我們都能夠理解的現(xiàn)象。由于獨(dú)生子女政策，這些孩子們都是父母最大的希望，父母給了他們一切可以得到的資源。同時(shí)，我們卻悲哀地發(fā)現(xiàn)這一代孩子被剝奪了屬于兒童的快樂(lè)，如四處亂跑、和小朋友們玩各種游戲、爬樹(shù)等，這些都被無(wú)數(shù)的輔導(dǎo)和訓(xùn)練代替了。

我們承認(rèn)較早的多樣化教育有利于開(kāi)發(fā)孩子們的潛能。但是，我強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為孩子們應(yīng)該擁有一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)游戲和快樂(lè)的童年，而不只是乏味的課程。適度的自由對(duì)孩子們是有好處的，可以促進(jìn)他們身體和智力上的全面發(fā)展。

閃光詞匯及詞組：

well-rounded: adj.多才多藝的tight: adj.緊密的

be obsessed with: 專(zhuān)注于，專(zhuān)心于

understandable: adj.可理解的available: adj.可利用的be deprived of: 被剝奪

tutoring: n.輔導(dǎo)

be entitled to: 有……的資格

tedious: adj.單調(diào)乏味的萬(wàn)能句型：

What is delineated in front of us is…

The drawing reflects a common phenomenon…

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should:

1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then

3)state your point of view.范文：

The picture shows a boy who is crossing a river by stepping on his peasant parents’ heads like stones.The river symbolizes the heavy financial load on rural parents to support their children’s advanced education.As is quoted in the picture, a family in countryside can barely afford a high school student, not to mention a college student.The picture apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China—the hiking cost of education in contrast with the tiny income of the rural population.For one thing, the problem is partially attributed to the present disparity of wealth distribution.Sometimes the college tuition per student equals the annual income of a rural family.For another, colleges and other educational institutions fail to provide financial tools to assist students from poor areas.For example, the application for scholarship and student loan is usually so complicated that the procedure seems to take forever, while students see no trace of money.In my opinion, the government needs to reform the educational system with measures that can show immediate effect.Cutting tuition and other expenses proves to be most beneficial to students.Further, a large-scale reform at the macroeconomic level to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor is a basic solution to this issue.譯文：

這幅圖一個(gè)男孩子正在把他的農(nóng)民父母的頭作為墊腳石來(lái)跨過(guò)一條河。這條河象征了農(nóng)村的父母?jìng)優(yōu)榱斯┖⒆觽兘邮芨叩冉逃惺艿木薮筘?cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。正如圖中所說(shuō)的那樣，在農(nóng)村養(yǎng)一個(gè)高中生都很困難，更不用說(shuō)是大學(xué)生了。

這很顯然反映了在當(dāng)今中國(guó)一個(gè)越來(lái)越普遍的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象——快速增長(zhǎng)的教育費(fèi)用和農(nóng)村人口的微薄收入之家的差別。一方面，這個(gè)問(wèn)題部分歸咎于現(xiàn)有的財(cái)富分布不均。有時(shí)候一個(gè)大學(xué)生一年的學(xué)費(fèi)就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)農(nóng)村家庭一年的收入。另一方面，大學(xué)和其他的教育機(jī)構(gòu)沒(méi)有通過(guò)各種各樣的融資工具來(lái)幫助來(lái)自貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)生。比如說(shuō)，申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和貸款的程序都非常復(fù)雜、需要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，而學(xué)生們卻很難真正拿到錢(qián)。

我認(rèn)為，政府應(yīng)該改革教育系統(tǒng)，采取一些立竿見(jiàn)影的措施。降低學(xué)費(fèi)和雜費(fèi)被證明是對(duì)學(xué)生最有利的。此外，解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的根本措施在于在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的層面上進(jìn)行一個(gè)大規(guī)模的改革，從而縮小貧富差距。

閃光詞匯及詞組：

symbolize: v.象征

advanced education: 高等教育

not to mention: 更不用說(shuō)

hiking: n./ v.提高, 增加

partially: adj.部分地

disparity: n.不一致，不等

wealth distribution: 財(cái)富分配

tuition: 學(xué)費(fèi)

equal: 等于

institution: n.公共機(jī)構(gòu)

procedure: n.程序，手續(xù)

macroeconomic: adj.宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的bridge the gap: 縮小差距

萬(wàn)能句型：

As is quoted in the picture…

The picture apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China—

In my opinion, the government needs to reform the educational system with measures that can show immediate effect.

第四篇：考研英語(yǔ)練習(xí)題1

考試時(shí)間：30分鐘 用戶(hù)： 總分：100

練習(xí)一

(共計(jì)：20道題)

1.Man：Would you like to try on that dress，Madam? Woman：Thank you，but I don?t think the pink color goes very well with my shoes． Question：What will the woman do next?

(5分)

A)She will continue looking around．

B)She will find a pair of suitable shoes for the dress． C)She will try on the dress． D)She will buy the pink dress． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

2.Man：When are George's parents coming back? Woman：My sister says both she and Georges father will stay on for the weekend since George is all right here with us．

Question：What relation is George to the woman?

(5分)

A)Grandmother and grandchild．

B)Mother and son—in 1aw．

C)Aunt and nephew． D)Aunt and niece． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

3.Man：Have you picked up your students card from the office? Woman：No，the camera from which you can get instant photos was out of order． Question：Why hasn‘’t the woman got her student‘’s card?

(5分)

A)Her camera was broken．

B)She will get her students card tomorrow．

C)She has to choose a picture for the office． D)She hasn?t handed in her photos yet． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

4.Woman：Put your grandfather in an Old People?s Home．They?11 look after him．

Man：They would if they could． Question：What does the man imply?

(5分)A)There are not enough Old People?s Homes．

B)Grandfather will not get what he needs most there．

C)Grandfather will be taken good care of there． D)Grandfather is not willing to be put there． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

5.Woman：Good morning，sir．The usual?

Man：Yes，please，Anna．Just a trim．Don?t take too much off the top—it’s thin enough already．

Question：What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

(5分)

A)Customer and barber．

B)Customer and waitress．

C)Customer and tailor．

D)Tourist and travel agent． 您的答案： A)‘B)C)D)

’

6.Man：Its such a warm day．I think I11 do some reading in the sunshine．

Woman：I‘d like to join you but I find it easier to concentrate here． Question：What is the woman going to do?

(5分)

A)Join the man．

B)Do some reading with the man inside． C)Stay inside．

D)Write some letter． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

7.Man：This meat is spoiled．

Woman：Maybe we ought to tell the manager about it．

Question：Where did this conversation most likely take place?

(5分)

A)At a track meet．

B)On the highway．

C)At a manager?s conference． D)In a supermarket． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

8.Man：I think I may need glasses．but I'm not entirely sure．

Woman：I?11 be able to tell once you have looked at this vision chart． Question：What’s is the woman?s profession?(5分)A)A student．

B)A doctor．

C)An optometrist D)A teacher． 您的答案： A)‘B)C)D)

9.Woman：I don’t think we should have told Allen about the surprise party for Sue．

Man：It‘’s all right．He does not make promises lightly，and he promised not to tell． Question：What does the man mean?

(5分)

A)Sue already knows about the party．

B)Allen does not know Sue．

C)Allen will probably tell Sue about the party． D)Allen won??t tell Sue about the party． 您的答案： A)10.B)

C)

D)

After his death，his papers-including unpublished articles and correspondence-were at the library.(5分)

A)deposited B)attributed C)involved D)buried 您的答案： A)11.B)

C)

D)

The number of deaths＿to cigarette smoking clearly outweighs all other factors，whether voluntary or involuntary，as a cause of death.(5分)

A)attributed B)contributed C)devoted D)exposed 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

12.At first few of us took his analysis of the market situation seriously，but his views were confirmed by the＿development of events.(5分)A)rapid B)subsequent C)substantial D)principal 您的答案： A)13.B)

C)

D)

The fingerprints left at the scene of the crime finally＿the identity of the criminal.(5分)

A)established B)affirmed C)convinced D)reinforced 您的答案： A)14.B)

C)

D)

A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and＿funds by selling tickets at a full price.(5分)A)furnish B)raise

C)accumulate D)contribute 您的答案： A)15.B)

C)

D)

Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal＿of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.(5分)

A)measure B)intermediate C)medium D)mechanism 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

16.She＿a beauty contest but she only got a consolation prize.(5分)A)went to B)went over to C)went in for D)went through 您的答案： A)17.B)

C)

D)

Children's clothes have to be strong to＿h(yuǎn)ard wear.(5分)

A)stand up to B)stand up for C)stand.up against D)put up with 您的答案： A)18.B)

C)

D)

An energetic manager can be a great＿to his firm.(5分)

A)influence B)asset C)profit D)prosperity 您的答案： A)19.B)

C)

D)

I think we should insure___ the house fire.(5分)A)for.B)from C)against D)on 您的答案： A)20.B)

C)

D)

When we watch a play or a film，we all realize that the characters are some times(5分)

A)imaginative B)imaginable C)imagined D)imaginary 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

---------北京學(xué)苑教育?CopyRight---------

完成時(shí)間：2012-7-12 1:43:52 用戶(hù)： 總分：100 1.Man：Would you like to try on that dress，Madam? Woman：Thank you，but I don?t think the pink color goes very well with my shoes． Question：What will the woman do next?

(5分)A)She will continue looking around．

B)She will find a pair of suitable shoes for the dress． C)She will try on the dress． D)She will buy the pink dress．

您的答案：

正確答案：

A 試題解析：

選擇A 女士說(shuō)粉色的連衣裙與她的鞋子不搭配，所以她既不會(huì)買(mǎi)連衣裙，也不會(huì)試穿。只有選項(xiàng)A（她會(huì)繼續(xù)看看別的。）內(nèi)容符合題意。

本題得分：

0 2.Man：When are George's parents coming back? Woman：My sister says both she and Georges father will stay on for the weekend since George is all right here with us．

Question：What relation is George to the woman?

(5分)A)Grandmother and grandchild．

B)Mother and son—in 1aw．

C)Aunt and nephew． D)Aunt and niece．

您的答案：

正確答案：

C 試題解析： 選擇C 男士問(wèn)喬治的父母何時(shí)回來(lái)，女士回答她的姐姐和喬治的父親要過(guò)了周末再回來(lái)?？梢?jiàn)，喬治的母親是女士的姐姐，所以女士與喬治是姨媽與外甥的關(guān)系。

本題得分：

0 3.Man：Have you picked up your students card from the office? Woman：No，the camera from which you can get instant photos was out of order． Question：Why hasn‘’t the woman got her student‘’s card?

(5分)A)Her camera was broken．

B)She will get her students card tomorrow．

C)She has to choose a picture for the office． D)She hasn?t handed in her photos yet．

您的答案：

正確答案：

D 試題解析：

選擇D A: 她的相機(jī)壞了。B：她明天會(huì)達(dá)到學(xué)生證。C：她還沒(méi)有選好照片。D：她還沒(méi)有交上照片。由相機(jī)壞了推斷她是因?yàn)闊o(wú)法上交照片，所以沒(méi)有拿到學(xué)生證。

本題得分：

0 4.Woman：Put your grandfather in an Old People?s Home．They?11 look after him．

Man：They would if they could． Question：What does the man imply?

(5分)A)There are not enough Old People?s Homes．

B)Grandfather will not get what he needs most there．

C)Grandfather will be taken good care of there． D)Grandfather is not willing to be put there．

您的答案：

正確答案：

B 試題解析：

選擇B 女士建議男士把祖父送到養(yǎng)老院，因?yàn)轲B(yǎng)老院能好好照顧老人。男士的回答使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣“如果他們能好好照顧，他們會(huì)這樣做”，說(shuō)明在養(yǎng)老院，祖父得不到良好的照顧。

本題得分：

0 5.Woman：Good morning，sir．The usual?

Man：Yes，please，Anna．Just a trim．Don?t take too much off the top—it’s thin enough already．

Question：What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

(5分)A)Customer and barber．

B)Customer and waitress．

C)Customer and tailor．

D)Tourist and travel agent．

您的答案：

正確答案：

A 試題解析：

由男士所說(shuō)的“稍微修剪一下。頭頂已經(jīng)很薄了，不用剪太多”等語(yǔ)可知，他應(yīng)該是在理發(fā)。

本題得分：

0 6.Man：Its such a warm day．I think I11 do some reading in the sunshine． ‘

’Woman：I‘d like to join you but I find it easier to concentrate here． Question：What is the woman going to do?

(5分)A)Join the man．

B)Do some reading with the man inside． C)Stay inside．

D)Write some letter．

您的答案：

正確答案：

C 試題解析：

選擇C but是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞, 一般重點(diǎn)都是在后面。

本題得分：

0 7.Man：This meat is spoiled．

Woman：Maybe we ought to tell the manager about it．

Question：Where did this conversation most likely take place?

(5分)A)At a track meet．

B)On the highway．

C)At a manager?s conference． D)In a supermarket．

您的答案：

正確答案：

D 試題解析：

選擇D 題中“meat，spoil，manager”表明不是餐館便是商場(chǎng)，選項(xiàng)中D最靠近。

本題得分：

0 8.Man：I think I may need glasses．but I'm not entirely sure．

Woman：I?11 be able to tell once you have looked at this vision chart． Question：What’s is the woman?s profession?(5分)A)A student．

B)A doctor．

C)An optometrist D)A teacher．

您的答案：

正確答案：

C 試題解析：

選擇 C 對(duì)話(huà)中表明女士是一個(gè)驗(yàn)光師。vision chart：視力圖。

本題得分：

0 9.Woman：I don’t think we should have told Allen about the surprise party for Sue． ‘Man：It‘’s all right．He does not make promises lightly，and he promised not to tell． Question：What does the man mean?

(5分)A)Sue already knows about the party．

B)Allen does not know Sue．

C)Allen will probably tell Sue about the party． D)Allen won??t tell Sue about the party．

您的答案：

正確答案：

D 試題解析：

選擇D lightly: 輕易地。

本題得分：

0 10.After his death，his papers-including unpublished articles and correspondence-were at the library.(5分)A)deposited B)attributed C)involved D)buried

您的答案：

正確答案：

A 試題解析：

deposit“存放，儲(chǔ)存”；attribute“把……歸因于”；involve“卷人，包含”；bury“埋藏”、“安葬”。題句意思為：“他逝世后，他寫(xiě)的東西—包括未公開(kāi)發(fā)表的文章和信件—都存放在圖書(shū)館?！?/p>

本題得分：

0 11.The number of deaths＿to cigarette smoking clearly outweighs all other factors，whether voluntary or involuntary，as a cause of death.(5分)A)attributed B)contributed C)devoted D)exposed

您的答案：

正確答案：

A 試題解析：

attribute...to“把……歸因于，認(rèn)為是……所為”；contribute to“貢獻(xiàn)，捐助”；devote , to ,“把……奉獻(xiàn)給”；expose , to“使……暴露于……，受到……”。題句意思為：“很明顯，吸煙（不管是自覺(jué)吸煙，還是無(wú)意識(shí)吸煙）導(dǎo)致死亡的人數(shù)，遠(yuǎn)高于其他因素?！?/p>

本題得分：

0 12.At first few of us took his analysis of the market situation seriously，but his views were confirmed by the＿development of events.(5分)A)rapid B)subsequent C)substantial D)principal

您的答案：

正確答案：

B 試題解析： subsequent“后來(lái)的，隨后的”；rapid“急速的”；substantial,“實(shí)質(zhì)性的，堅(jiān)固的”；principal“主要的，最重要的”。題句意思：“最初，我們當(dāng)中沒(méi)什么人把他對(duì)市場(chǎng)的分析當(dāng)回事兒，可是他的觀點(diǎn)被后來(lái)的事態(tài)發(fā)展所證實(shí)?！?/p>

本題得分：

0 13.The fingerprints left at the scene of the crime finally＿the identity of the criminal.(5分)A)established B)affirmed C)convinced D)reinforced

您的答案：

正確答案：

A 試題解析：

establish“確立，確認(rèn)”；of firm“斷言，肯定”；convince“使確信”；reinforce“增援，廠加強(qiáng)”。題句意：“犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)留下的指紋最終確定了罪犯是誰(shuí)?！盿ffirm, convince, assert一般不與identity構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)。

本題得分：

0 14.A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and＿funds by selling tickets at a full price.(5分)A)furnish B)raise

C)accumulate D)contribute

您的答案：

正確答案：

B 試題解析：

raise funds“集資”；furnish“提供”；accumulate“積蓄”；contribute“為……貢獻(xiàn)”。按句意選B。

本題得分： 0 15.Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal＿of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.(5分)A)measure B)intermediate C)medium D)mechanism

您的答案：

正確答案：

C 試題解析：

medium“媒介”，復(fù)數(shù)形式是media;measure“措施，辦法”；intermediate指時(shí)間、空間、程度的“中間物”；mechanism“機(jī)制”。

本題得分：

0 16.She＿a beauty contest but she only got a consolation prize.(5分)A)went to B)went over to C)went in for D)went through

您的答案：

正確答案：

C 試題解析：

go in for“參加”，如：go in for an exam“參加考試”。go over to“轉(zhuǎn)到……方面”；go through“通過(guò)”。

本題得分：

0 17.Children's clothes have to be strong to＿h(yuǎn)ard wear.(5分)A)stand up to B)stand up for C)stand.up against D)put up with

您的答案：

正確答案：

A 試題解析：

stand up to“經(jīng)得住，勇敢地面對(duì)”；stand up for“為……辯護(hù)”；，stand up against“堅(jiān)決抵抗”；put up with“忍受”。

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0 18.An energetic manager can be a great＿to his firm.(5分)A)influence B)asset C)profit D)prosperity

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B 試題解析：

asset“財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)，寶貴的人或物”；inf1uence“影響”；profit“利潤(rùn)”；prosperity“繁榮，興旺”。

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0 19.I think we should insure___ the house fire.(5分)A)for.B)from C)against D)on

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C 試題解析：

insure against“給……保險(xiǎn)，使免受……”。

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0 20.When we watch a play or a film，we all realize that the characters are some times(5分)A)imaginative B)imaginable C)imagined D)imaginary

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D 試題解析：

imaginary“虛構(gòu)的”；imaginative“富于想象力的”；imaginable“可以想象的”；imagined“被想象的”。

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0

第五篇：2017考研英語(yǔ)閱讀暑期訓(xùn)練：教育類(lèi)

凱程考研集訓(xùn)營(yíng)，為學(xué)生引路，為學(xué)員服務(wù)！

2017考研英語(yǔ)閱讀暑期訓(xùn)練：教育類(lèi)（5）

暑期集訓(xùn)來(lái)了，如何在暑期兩個(gè)月創(chuàng)造出雙倍的價(jià)值是每個(gè)考生想要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)。這就需要加倍的努力和科學(xué)的規(guī)劃了。英語(yǔ)方面的復(fù)習(xí)，大家要持續(xù)性背單詞，閱讀、寫(xiě)作及翻譯要多加練習(xí)，總結(jié)方法技巧，活學(xué)活用。下面凱程在線(xiàn)和大家分享教育類(lèi)的閱讀模擬題，大家不妨集中練習(xí)，提升閱讀速度和做題技巧。

One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s on the schools.In the 1920s，but especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930s，the United States experienced a declining birth rate—every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920，89.2 in 1930，75.8 in 1936，and 80 in 1940.With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it，young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression.Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946，106.2 in 1950，and 118 in 1955.Although economics was probably the most important determinant，it is not the only explanation for the baby boom.The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a flood by 1950.The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed.While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions，these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945.Moreover，during the war and in the boom times that followed，large numbers of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.Therefore，in the 1950s and 1960s，the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system.Consequently，the “custodial rhetoric” of the 1930s and early 1940s no longer made sense;that is，keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.With the baby boom，the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline.The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional，new，and extra services to older youths.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?

[A] The teaching profession during the baby boom.[B] Birth rates in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s.[C] The impact of the baby boom on public education.[D] The role of the family in the 1950s and 1960s.2.The public schools of the 1950s and 1960s faced all of the following problems EXCEPT____.[A] a declining number of students

[B] old-fashioned facilities

[C] a shortage of teachers

[D] an inadequate number of school buildings

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3.According to the passage，why did teachers leave the teaching profession after the outbreak of the war?

[A]They needed to be retrained.[B]They were dissatisfied with the curriculum.[C]Other jobs provided higher salaries.[D]Teaching positions were scarce.4.The“custodial rhetoric”mentioned in the last paragraph refers to____.[A] raising a family

[B] keeping older individuals in school

[C] running an orderly household

[D] maintaining discipline in the classroom

5.Where in the passage does the author refer to the attitude of Americans toward raising a family in the 1950s and 1960s?

[A]Lines 1～3

[B]Lines 9～10

[C]Lines 20～21

[D]Lines 24～26

核心詞匯

prosperityn.繁榮 cope vi.應(yīng)付，處理 consequently adv.從而，因此

priority n.優(yōu)先權(quán) staffn.全體職員laymann.外行 discipline n.學(xué)科，紀(jì)律

Profession n.職業(yè) institution n.公共機(jī)構(gòu) academic n.學(xué)院的，理論的

促使人們?cè)趯?duì)公共教育之作用的思考上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的最重要的社會(huì)狀況之一就是，20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代生育高峰對(duì)學(xué)校的影響。在20世紀(jì)20年代，尤其是在30年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的情況下，美國(guó)經(jīng)歷了一次出生率的降低——在1920年，每1，000名15～44歲的婦女生育了大約118個(gè)嬰兒，1930年為89.2個(gè)，1936年為75.8個(gè)，到了1940年為80個(gè)。隨著

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economics was probably the most impoItant deterrninant.一可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮導(dǎo)致了baby boom，故選A.2.C 細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞t11e.teaching profession定位第二段最后一句?teac】3ers leR their professionforbettei‘-payingjobs?(很多老師為了高薪離開(kāi)了教師崗位)，由此可推斷出答案應(yīng)為C.3.B 語(yǔ)義題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞custodial rJaetoric定位文章第三段，第二句說(shuō)到，三四十年代custodial rhetoric不再合理，該句中that is后就是custodial dletorjc的內(nèi)容，即keeping youths aged sixteen antl older out oftlle lal)or mar-ket by keeping t】aem in scla00l，選項(xiàng)B正是該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。

4.B 推斷題。作者在第三段首句提到生育高峰沖擊了學(xué)校體系，可排除A;最后一段提到教育者的焦點(diǎn)也轉(zhuǎn)向了低年級(jí)，轉(zhuǎn)回到了基本的學(xué)術(shù)技能和學(xué)科上，而對(duì)向年齡較大的年輕人提供非傳統(tǒng)的、新式的和額外的服務(wù)不再抱有太多的興趣，言外之意，在生育高峰之前教育者的焦點(diǎn)不在基本的學(xué)術(shù)技能和學(xué)科上，故排除c，D與文意正好相反，只有B符合文意。

5.C 主旨題。本題針對(duì)文章的大意。文章開(kāi)篇作者就點(diǎn)明了主題“促使人們?cè)趯?duì)公共教育的作用的思考上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的最重要的社會(huì)狀況之一，就是20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代生育高峰對(duì)學(xué)校的影響”。由此可見(jiàn)，本文的主旨應(yīng)為C.