第一篇：馬云領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)論文英文版

LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 1

Abstract

This paper is about the leadership analysis of Ma Yun.At the beginning of the paper,it talks about the background of Ma Yun, his pioneering work, the growth of Alibaba and Ma Yun’s latest situation.Then, it would introduce his leadership behaviors.There are two main behaviors which are obvious on him.It contains supportive leadership behavior and charismatic leadership behavior.According to his leadership traits and behaviors, I evaluate the effectiveness if his leadership applies to the hospitality industry.The conclusion about what I learned during the process of researching will be presented at the ending of the paper.Key words: Ma Yun,Alibaba, leadership, hospitality industry

LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 2

Contents I.Abstract..................................................................................................................1 II.A Brief Introduction of Ma Yun’s Life Experience................................................1 From teacher to businessmen.............................................................................1 Development of his career..................................................................................2 Founder of Alibaba.............................................................................................3 The resignation of CEO........................................................................................4 III.The Leadership Traits of Ma Yun.......................................................................4 Self-confidence...................................................................................................4 Persistence............................................................................................................5 Fluency of speech...............................................................................................6 Integrity..............................................................................................................7 IV.The Leadership Behaviors of Ma Yun................................................................7 Supportive Leadership Behaviors.......................................................................7 Charismatic Leadership Behaviors.....................................................................8 V.Apply Ma Yun’s Leadership Style into Hospitality Industry.............................9 Put employee in the first place.........................................................................9 Innovation.........................................................................................................10 Conclusion.................................................................................................................11 Reference...................................................................................................................12 LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 3

Leadership Analysis of Ma Yun The reason why I choose Ma Yun as my leader is simple.I read an article talking about him on a magazine in high school.At that time I was interested in commerce.Until now I still have a strong interest in electronic commerce, and open the Taobao shop and micro shop when I was a sophomore.During this process, I also realized the importance of business opportunities, supply channels and innovation.I am deeply impressed by his business acumen and personal charisma.Ma Yun is a Chinese entrepreneur and philanthropist and also is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Alibaba Group.He is the first Chinese entrepreneur that has ever appeared on the cover of Forbes from mainland.In America financial magazine “Fortune” published in 2014 March, he was honored by one of the “50 greatest leaders around the world”.In addition, Ma also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Yahoo China.On May 10 in 2013, Ma retired from Alibaba Group as CEO.On September 23,2014, Ma Yun became the richest one in China by the fortune with $ 150 million, whose wealth had been increased by 5 times compared with that in 2013.Ma was ranked first in 2014 Forbes China Rich List and Hurun Philanthropy List.(Bai,2014)From the teacher to the businessmen In 1964, Ma Yun was born in an ordinary family in Hangzhou.When he was a child, he does not like study, and also is a skip class student in the eyes of the teacher.His transformation is started when he entering Hangzhou Normal University with English major.From that time on, he desperately learned English.Because he wants to know what things he doesn't know in the other side of the ocean.In 1988, Ma Yun graduated from the University, he came to Hangzhou to teach foreign languages in Electronic Industry College which is his first job.His monthly salary is about 110 Yuan.At the same time, he used his spare time to do much part-time jobs, such the guide LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 4 for the foreign tourists.The first English corner in West Lake side is initiated by Ma Yun.In 1992, Ma Yun and his friends established the earliest professional translation named Haibo translation agency in Hangzhou.Each month's revenue is only 200 Yuan, But the leasing fee has been pay off 700 Yuan.In the first year, the Translation agency was unable to maintain the operation.Ma Yun began to do the business;he sold the gift package, flowers, books, clothes and flashlight.And then he used the money to maintain translation agency.Ma Yun said: “The person who really wants to make money cannot take it much too seriously, if your mind is always thinking of money, you would not get much wealth.In 1995, the translation agency gradually became famous, and an American cooperation Company commissioned him to seek a debt in American.Then everything happened just like in Hollywood movies.The American businessmen wanted to default and pulled out a gun to make Ma Yun locked in the house for two days.Ma Yun was released in panic and anxiety, he lost the luggage and had to earn $600 back home on the casino in Las Vegas.(Liu,2009)Development of career The nightmare of trip was over;Ma Yun went back to Hangzhou sadly.Although he had no cent in his pocket, the trip let him found a ”treasure house“ in Seattle.It is the first time he used the Internet without any knowledge, and he also makes advertisement for his translation agency on the internet.He sent out the advertisement at 10 a.m., only 2 hours later, he received six emails respectively from the United States, Germany and Japan.These businessmen said this is the first Chinese Website that they have seen.”There is big business!“ At that time, he was aware that the Internet is a gold mine.Ma Yun immediately found a partner, there only has three people add his wife.They had twenty thousand Yuan as the start-up capital.His first Internet Company set up called the Hai Bo network and the product called ”China yellow pages“.This is the first the commercial information website appeared on the Internet in China.LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 5 At that time, many people still do not know what the Internet is;they thought Ma Yun is a liar.In 1995, he went to the CCTV, a director told reporters: ”this man does not look like a nice guy!“ Actually, Ma Yun was called ”liar “in lot of cities which did not have the Internet.But he is still like a madman to introduce the Internet to people and convince the customers.He reminded himself every day: “The Internet is the long running with 3000 meters, which will affect the future of humanity living in 30 years;you have to run fast like a rabbit, also like a turtle with the spirit of perseverance.”In 1996, his company’s revenue is incredibly reached 7 million Yuan(Wang, 2010)Founder of Alibaba

In ancient mythology, the Alibaba can open the door which will lead to the wealth with a spell “sesame, open the door!”

At the beginning of 1999, he raised 500 thousand yuan, the Alibaba was born in his house.At the start-up stage, Ma Yun commanded that each employee must rent the house within five minutes’ distance from his home.At that time, the 18 employees kept working day and night.The things make employees happiest is that MaYun cooked the dinner himself and made a table of good dishes for everybody.In the next 6 years, Ma Yun used 6 minutes to persuade Softbank investment Fund Company and got the venture capital investment.Then, many investors joined the Alibaba Company.In 2003, Alibaba launch website taobao.com for consumer services.Ma yun set up an online payments system,alipay in 2004.Today, even Ma Yun is in his sleeping, Alibaba also could earned 1 million Yuan each day.The Alibaba opens the treasure's door with the spell “sesame, open the door.” in myth.But what is Ma Yun's spell? We could know when we have a look at Ma Yun's spending habits.Although Alibaba has tens of millions of funds, but never make the big advertising promotion, never open the domestic press conference.In company, each page is used by LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 6 double-sided printing.Until the end of 2007, Alibaba spent the first round of investment;the second round of investment is still not moving.“I have strain every nerve to spend money.” Ma Yun said, “I has been accustomed to poverty and left over more money to spend on other important things.(Li, 2009)The resignation of CEO On May 10th2013, Ma Yun as Alibaba Group chief executive announced that he would step down, although he still remains as chairman.It is also a piece of shocking news in China.This year, Ma is 49 years old, but he has been planning for retirement.Ma Yun said that the younger employees are better placed to run the company and he will name the successor by May 10th.Ma said stepping down as a founder CEO is a difficult decision.The shift is a significant one for Alibaba and follows moves announced last week to chop the group into 25 smaller divisions to give managers more flexibility.In September 20, 2014, Alibaba was listed successfully in America with $23833.2billion.So far, Alibaba executive chairman Ma Yun’ worth reaches $2121.20 billion more than Wang Jianlin and Ma Huateng.As the new richest man in China, he donated 14.5 billion refreshing the charity record and became the new “China most generous philanthropist”.(Bai,2013)

Leadership Traits of Ma Yun Self confidence There is no doubt that Ma Yun is self-confident.At the first meeting in Alibaba, Ma Yun have predicted the company’s bright future, he required the employee to record the entire process with video which is a historical witness.In 2002, the short message service and gaming unit business appears the tremendous profit space, but Ma Yun still did not change his mind, he insisted on his way in the field of electronic commerce.By the end of 2004, Alibaba won the favor of investors after experienced the setbacks.When all the people think that LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 7 Alibaba will expand deeply in the field, he suddenly decided to create taobao.com.Alibaba would challenge the strongest global company eBay.The annual revenue of eBay has reached the 7 billion dollar, however Alibaba’ annual revenue only has billion RMB at that time.Alibaba would fight against eBay, which looks like a myth.“When Ma Yun made this decision, almost all of the people are against it.Alibaba fighting with eBay is crazy, “Jin Jianhang said.”But Ma Yun insisted his decision and believed in himself.” The confrontation is cruel.In the face of the challenge, many mainstream portal website become a “conspiracy” to block all publicity channels.In the desperation Taobao only made advertising in buses, elevators, subways and sports events.At this time, Alibaba's good luck was coming.When Taobao was attacked seriously, eBay required membership to charge a fee.This gave Taobao the opportunity for counterattack.Ma Yun immediately announced that the “Taobao will be free for anyone in the next 3 years.” This news immediately makes the eBay company crumble.Finally eBay was sold to the Tom Online and quit China market.Ma Yun is crazy and self-confidence, but all this successful results are based on his rational analysis.A person that makes once success is accidental, but Ma Yun is successful from Alibaba institution to the today’s development.We cannot say that Ma Yun only has boldness and self-confidence;the success must also include intelligence and reason.(Hu, 2011)Persistence Persistence is the necessary quality for most leaders and Ma Yun is not an exception.He is persistent for his business to achieve the success.Ma Yun he clearly knows what he would do.Because of his clear goal, he can stick to the last one when encountered any setbacks.A lot of people are difficult to understand the success of Alibaba, Ma Yun said: ”Many people are smarter than us, many people work harder than us, why do we succeed? Do we have wealth, but others not have? Of course not.LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 8 One of the important reasons is that we have the persistence.“When Alababa founded in March 1999, Ma Yun said: ”Even Tyson break me down, if I die, I would jump up and continue to fight!“ Ma Yun graduated from the Hangzhou Normal University, which sounds like a “unknown” the school, his study experience is also bumpy.However, he created the world's largest e-commerce website.Why? For the failures and setbacks, Ma Yun said: “Doing business is very tired;and the business failure rate is very high.Among100 people, 95 people do not know how to die, even did not hear voices when fell to the cliff.There are 4 people that hear a scream when he fell.The remaining one may not know why he is still alive, but also he do not know whether he still live on tomorrow.So failure is common problem that most entrepreneurs have encountered.”So Ma claim that young entrepreneurs must never, never give up.This is the only way to win the final victory.(Hu, 2011)

Fluency of speech Ma Yun is active in the public, he always make the wouderful speech for his personal image.Ma Yun's eloquence is very good.His speech reveals the humor and wisdom.He can express himself with simple words.His words are very encouraging, which let the people to think and to be inspired.“Ma internal speech” is representative of his speech.In this book, he not only points out that the company's problems, but also makes the development direction of the company.When Ma Yun achieved success, many universities and TV station invited him to make a speech.Every time for his speech the house is full of audience, and the applause is long and loud.Many his inspirational quotes inspired the young people who want to start a business.As a leader, his speech skills enhance the leadership greatly.When Alibaba was listed in USA, his fluent English in advertising video also impress all the world people.(Liu, 2009)LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 9 Integrity “For the entrepreneur, the most important and greatest wealth is your integrity.An entrepreneur must have a group of friends;these friends are accumulated by sincerity for you in so many years.“Ma Yun warned the young entrepreneurs must be honest.On the TV shows winning in the China, he said, small business success depends on shrewd, meddle level of business success depends on management, but the big business success depends on the integrity.I have always believed, honesty is valuable, it can be turned into money, and honesty is the biggest fortune.(Liu,2013)

Leadership Behaviors of Ma Yun Supportive Leadership Behaviors From Ma Yun’s personality, he is really supportive to his employees.Talent is his capital.If a company gets talents, and it means the company wins market and its future.Ma Yun helped followers develop abilities and careers very much.In the management level, there was a very important work.Ma Yun think, one of the biggest wealth in a business is employees.Alibaba also put the employee at the first place in the company.So he proposed a concept, ”Invest the money in the employees“.He said, ”We think invest money on employees that instead of putting money in the bank, we believe if employees do not grow, the enterprise is not growing.” Alibaba attached great importance to training people, let the employee more outstanding, let old employees don't fall behind.In order to train employees’ business ability, Alibaba has created the first enterprise business school—the Ali Institute.Ali Institute mainly aims to train staff in continuous exploration and practice.The teaching mode of online training, on-site instruction and training certification has been has been gradually formed.The concept that “No business is difficult in the world” is extended by Alibaba to the education level.(Liu, 2013)LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 10 He also showed his concern and respected his followers.The most obvious example is happened in the acquisition of the Yahoo.At the beginning, Yahoo’s Employees did not trust Ma Yun, Ma still treat employees sincerely.He made the N+1 plan for Employees, and used the equity genuinely to retain staff.The results is only 4% of employees chose to leave;most workers are moved by Ma Yun and chose to stay.When Yahoo’s Staff arrived at Hangzhou, Ma invited them with a sincere heart, even for the employees’ breakfast staff, he made discussion and adequate preparation.Considering employees living habits, Ma prepare the special breakfast for them.When the train loaded with employees arrived at Hangzhou, each person received a small bag which is filled with two hot steamed stuffed buns, a bottle of milk and napkin.Considering these people travel with long distance, washing is not convenient, small paper bags even has a pack of gum.The breakfast let YAHOO employees feel warm in their heart.Ma Yun really made employees moved, so the employees would be loyal to him.Ma Yun believes that management is not restriction but the truth;he brings employee motivation to develop their potential.For example, the equity incentive as everyone knows, many staff hold the stock of the listing Corporation;the administrative incentives, as long as employee work time is achieved a year and who pass the examination, he are eligible to participate in the internal competition;mail incentive, Ma is good at email, he write to employees and give them various spiritual motivation.For example, the “poor happy” strategy is in the early starting.One of them has good performance;he would be added up his life.All of them work hard for life longer.(Liu, 2009)Charismatic Leadership Behavior

Ma Yun is charismatic, he did something that was great in people’s mind.He advocated moral mission and vision.He always uses simple words to build a development perspective for employees.Ma Yun has a strong sense of mission.He said: LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 11 “Why would an enterprise survive? It’s because of mission.For this point I am confident “;he thought that employee should have it in mind.A person must have great mind, and the mind must contain the sense of mission.Now, Alibaba is the world's largest B2B e-commerce site, also is the largest C2C electronic commerce website in Chinese.However, Ma Yun's ideal is far more than this.In the next ten years, Alibaba’s goal is to rank among the top 3 in Global Internet Company.Ma Yun wanted to build the world's greatest company created by Chinese.Ma Yun attracts talent by his personal leading charm.Cai Chongxin, who helped Alibaba find investment with his own financial contact when Alibaba was in the most difficult situation.Cai Chongxin’ joining to Alibaba is very dramatic.Because of the work relationship, he came to Alibaba to see about.The purpose is obvious, to find an ideal investment object.Ma Yun talked about his idea of electronic commerce with Cai Chongxin, described his own plan of the largest B2B website “open sesame” in the world, and invited Cai Chongxin to “the location of company” which is also his home in Lake Garden.Soon after, Cai Chongxin came to Hangzhou for Ma Yun, this time he almost didn’t talk to Ma Yun about investment matters, but is very interested in Ma Yun’s story of “Eighteen Arhats”.It can be seen that Ma Yun and his “Eighteen Arhats” story touched him.Such stories are numerous in Alibaba.Ma Yun was invited to make the speech at Harvard University, Ma Yun’s wise and humorous speech touched the MBA students in Harvard.After the ”brainwashing“ of Ma Yun, Harvard elites respected Ma Yun to a great extent.(Liu, 2013)

Application of Ma Yun’ Leadership in Hospitality Industry Put employee in the first place Ma Yun said that the employee is first, customer is second.Without emplyees, there will not have this website.Only they are happy, our customers will be happy.He encourage LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 12 the staff to work crazy and make employees smile to go home, the smile is an important culture in Alibaba.He said, “The biggest challenge and breakthrough is the person, and the biggest breakthrough of employing is to trust people”.He pays attention to communication with employees, even holding the collective wedding for company staff.Therefore, employees can have happy work and go all out to work.Only the satisfying the employees will have the satisfaction of customers.In the service industry, the staff directly contact with the customer.Employees' work attitudes and emotion will directly affect the service quality.Hotel provide reliable, quality service for customers, it must place the staff at the first place, and take consideration the needs of staff.High staff turnover has been a headache in China's hospitality industry.Employee turnover will bring a series of negative effect to the hotel management, such as service quality, customer losing, and the training cost increasing.The hotel must attach great importance to the needs of staff and put staff in the first place, it can reduce staff turnover rate and improve employees’ satisfaction.So, the hospitality will make greater success.(Liu, 2009)Innovation One of the biggest factors for the success of Alibaba is innovation.Ma Yun made a lot of innovation behaviors in the development of Alibaba.At the beginning of the business, he take the strategy from first overseas to the domestic.This behavior helps export enterprises pull more overseas buyers.Then,Alibaba use the free strategy for three years.It is a huge attraction for business people.When Taobao battle with eBay, it makes the promotion in outdoor advertising signs, plane, radio, television, subway, bus.The innovation of guest rooms, catering and service can let the customer directly to experience.Creative promotion competition and realization of creativity is the soul of hotel industry.The hotel needs to upgrade hardware every three to five years.The hotel food needs to be updated, tastes is ever-changing, dishes needs to be developed.New food source LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 13 reflects the deepening customer eating desire.The hotel needs to update the service with the increase of customer demand growing.The standardization, reutilization and standardization of service have become the shade.To anticipate and meet the personalized service is the key in modern hotel service.(Wang,2013)

Conclusion Through studying the traits and leadership of Ma Yun, it is easy to find his self confidence, integrity;persistence is worth for young people to learn.He put employee in the first place and make investment for developing employee, which is worth applying in hospitality industry to optimize and improve productivity and public image.Ma Yun knows his goals what he need do.He focuses on his goal when working, and strive to complete the mission, leaving all behind including himself.He achieved a miracle in Chinese entrepreneurship, and his innate wisdom of management is also like an important reference book for Chinese enterprise development.In continuous economy development today, Alibaba group will continue to show the world a new look.Ma Yun’s wisdom management may become a beacon, which is sufficient for leading Chinese e-commerce enterprises towards the light of the world.Alibaba team will still hold on together in an extremely harsh environment, to solve the enterprise crisis and make the Alibaba team more cohesive, more passionate, more courageous for change, and more confident for higher peak!

LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN 14

Reference

Bo,S.(2011,December11).Ma Yun's ambitions and dreams.China Academic Journal,pp 38-42.Fu, G.(2004, 5).Ma Yun's pioneering story.China Academic Journal , pp.23-25.Lan,L.(2011,October 05).Analysis of Ma Yun's leadership.Time Magazine, pp 23-25.Li, W.(2005, September 2).Ma Yun's challenge.China Academic Journal , pp.40-45.Shi,L.(2007).The True Story of Ma Yun.Southern publish house.Wei, C.(2011).Ma Yun Management Journal.May: 01.Wei, C.(2011).This is Ma Yun.Zhe Jiang : Zhejiang people's Publishing House.Wei, F.(2009, December 5).Ma and Alibaba group.Times Magazine , pp.32-40.Xin,L.(2004).Ma Yun talk about entrepreneurship.Zhe Jiang: Zhejiang people's Publishing House.Zhang, L.(2013, December 11).Alibaba founder jack ma.China Academic Journal , pp.1-7.

第二篇：馬云英文

Name Sungaolin

Number2010045302

JACK MA Introduction The aim of the report is Jack ma’s struggling experience and achievement.The information was gathered by searching the internet.Jack ma is a successful businessman, His childhood is not very good,But he like to learn English.Once a decadent.Then began to struggle.With their own unique perspective find business opportunities create alibaba group.And then to operate Make him a successful people.Jack ma's childhood was not very happy.He was born in1964 on October 15, childhood always fight, and study not well, His father always kick him.But he English is very good, Because he can criticize his father in English, but his father did not understand , so he strove to learn English.Jack ma's school wasn’t very good, elementary and junior high schools were poor.Junior high school test exam twice, and then drop out of school.Then picked up a book, changed his mind, study hard, Hangzhou Normal University, was admitted to the Department of Foreign Languages1.Jack ma struggle for success.Jack ma in 1999 founded the alibaba group, And then after struggle, Alibaba B2B ecommerce to become a famous brand2，This makes jack Ma's reputation in international business gradually up.The Ma’s company established taobao enterprise and any other enterprises.taobao in the Asian market develop rapidly.Then to the world development.As the world famous online trading platform.The enterprise development and success,made him won the applause and cheers on the word stage.He became a successful businessman

Taobao's success is jack ma’s achievement.Taobao was established in 2003.Then rapid development.Taobao's main business is to merchants and buyers to provide a payment platform.Taobao to make people more quick and convenient shopping.By the end of 2009, Taobao has 170 million registered members.Registered users are still growing!According to statistics, Taobao transactions in 2009 amounted to 208.3 billion RMB.Reise to 400 billion RMB in 2010.Is the Asian largest retail network 12 http://baike.baidu.com/view/16360.htm http://page.china.alibaba.com/shtml/about/ali_group1.shtml

business circle3.And Taobao is also the product coverage has been increasing.Conclusion Jack ma is a challenge, and the courage to fight.Don't give up, no matter how difficult the dreams.As long as to overcome difficulties, You will succeed.Like Mr Ma as, He used his own practical action to tell people.Success is keep fighting, Through his efforts to process and successful experience.Through his efforts to process and successful experience,we can learn more about the way to deal with things and difficult is how to face.To be success is not a random , the successful one knows how to seize an opportunity.I think jack ma is a successful businessman.He is my study example.He let me know the importance of the innovation.His excellent eloquence and unique business vision is others cannot compare, And he's not only look at presentm, he has a long-term goal.At the same time, He can take talents are left.He is my study example

http://baike.baidu.com/view/3629.html?wtp=tt

第三篇：馬云英文作文

As a Chinese, I think there is almost no one that doesn't know Alibaba.Alibaba's success in New York leads almost all people to joke to be the one behind Ma Yun.People from all over the world begin to recognize such a “grassroots” entrepreneurs who doesn't have an outstanding appearance and even family background.However,what difficulties did he experience behind his success? Not the same as the other Internet elites, Ma Yun was not living in the top of that part of the people.He lived among the ordinary people.Ma Yun said he was stupid.His homework was never good.He only did well in English but his math once was one point.Not only did he not have the first-rate university, but his primary school, middle school were also three or four-rate.So, Ma Yun has been talking to the staff that if according to IQ, 70% of people in the world can be successful!It is said that he is a man who makes people crazy.Every year, he will deliver speeches in the world's 10 universities.He had a strong debate with the president of NOKIA on Harvard platform, and ultimately won the long applause of more than 1000 audiences.As a successful businessman, he promotes positive energy.He decides to let Alibaba Group make an annual investment of 5 million yuan to 10 million yuan,in order to excavate, spread and develop the positive energy around people in the community.A teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime.In April 2014, Ma Yun donated 1 billion yuan to his alma mater, Hangzhou Normal University, and established the “Ma Yun Education Foundation of Hangzhou normal university”.In 2000, “Forbes” evaluated Ma Yun: He is with the same figure as Napoleon, and he is with the same ambition.People never forget your dreams on the first day,because your dream is the greatest thing in the world.

第四篇：馬云,英文演講稿

篇一：最新馬云在斯坦福大學(xué)演講中英文對照 以下為馬云在斯坦福大學(xué)演講全文：

馬云：大家好。我今天感到非常榮幸能來到這里和大家見面。大約幾個月前，斯坦福邀請我來演講。我沒有意料到。很多人說因?yàn)樗嘘P(guān)于雅虎，阿里巴巴，和許多其他的新聞，這個時間點(diǎn)來這里演講是非常的敏感。但是既然我做了一個承諾，我還是來了。今天如果你有任何問題要問我，我都會一一回答。

the following is the ma at stanford university speech: ma : hello everyone.today i feel very honored to be here to meet you.about a few months ago , stanford invited me to lecture.i did not expect.many people say that because of all about yahoo , alibaba, and many other news, this time to speak here is very sensitive.but since i made a promise that i came.today, if you have any questions to ask me, i will be to answer every qestions.今天是我來美國的第15天，而且我打算在這里待上一年。這個計(jì)劃沒有人知道。甚至我的公司也不知道。大家問我為什么要來這里。要打算作收購雅虎的準(zhǔn)備嗎？不，大家都太敏感了。我來這里是因?yàn)槲依哿恕＿^去16年來太累了。我在1994年開創(chuàng)我的事業(yè)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，并為之瘋狂，然后放棄了我的教師工作。那時候我覺得自己就像是蒙了眼睛騎在盲虎背上似的，一路摔摔打打，但依然奮斗著、生存著。在政府機(jī)關(guān)工作了16個月之后，1999年建立了阿里巴巴。i came to the united states today is the first 15 days , and i was too tired.in 1994 i created my career, discovered the internet, and crazy, and then gave up my teaching job.at that time i felt like a mongolian eyes like riding on the back of the tiger blind , all the way to throw beat fight, but still struggle, survive.work for the government for 16 months after the 1999 establishment of ali baba.我們還幸運(yùn)地?fù)碛兄詫毦W(wǎng)，支付寶，阿里云和集團(tuán)下其他的公司。所以，建立阿里巴巴12年后的今天，我決定需要休息一段時間。尤其今年的挑戰(zhàn)實(shí)在是太艱辛了，這也是我沒有意料到的。中國人說每12年是一個本命年。阿里巴巴今年在中國剛好是第12年，也遇上了許多棘手的問題，好比今年初因?yàn)楣?yīng)商欺詐事件導(dǎo)致首席執(zhí)行官辭職，還有vie的問題，雖然我到現(xiàn)在仍然不知道什么是vie，以及把淘寶分成四個公司的決策。所以，忙完所有這些事情之后我累了。我告訴自己，為什么不花個一年好好休息。尤其明年是我個人的本命年，肯定會比今年更辛苦。我想要花多一點(diǎn)時間好好準(zhǔn)備，迎接明年更艱苦更困難的挑戰(zhàn)。我需要好好休息才能為3到4年后的挑戰(zhàn)做好準(zhǔn)備。這三年如果事情出了錯，大家可以批評淘寶，阿里巴巴或阿里云的首席執(zhí)行官。但是三年后，如果事情出了錯，那就是我的錯。所以我準(zhǔn)備在美國花上一段時間好好思考和放松。前兩天，我開始再次練習(xí)起高爾夫球，好好放松。所以，來美國的目的真的不像是大家揣測的這么復(fù)雜。

particular, this years challenge is too difficult , and this is what i did not expect to.chinese people say that every 12 years is an animal year.alibaba in china this year happens to be the first 12 years, have encountered many difficult issues , such as suppliers of fraud earlier this year because of events leading to the resignation of wealthy father , nor very powerful uncles , do not want to have thechance of success.i remember in 1999 came to silicon valley looking for funding , with many venture capitalists approached , growth will occur in china.then i founded alibaba, 12 years have passed , and today made a lot of achievements.but before that , no one believes b2b able development in china.at that time the 馬云ipo上市英語演講稿

hello!everyone, i’m ma yun.the virgo who change the world.today is september 19th.this evening alibaba wlii land the new york stock exchange after the delisting.we’ve got the integration of listed for $68 per share total $218 billion.what a sign of that? we are the third global financing scale.dear,$1748 billion.how much time we need to spend that money ? when i was in trouble i went to usa and eager finance 2 million dollars.however,i was rejected by 300 vc.that day, i felt i’m really a short poor ugly guy.but today what i want is 2 hurndred billion.as a result, the participants of the investors lined upon the same floor where i live in the 90th floor like thousands of people waiting for ipone 6 in front of an apple store.behind my valiant record there is also a time when i make a mistake.that was yahoo!only spent 10 billion bought our 40% shares.bartz later refused to cooperate wihe me.i really want marry her and dumped her.so our equity situation is 34.4% share hold by softbank.22.6% share hold by yahoo.as chairman of board.i only hold 8.9%.luzhaoxi holds 1%.others hold 29.6% share.bright spot is the other, as this roadshow process.i repeated the ecological energy of aligroup.now we have a very awesome alipay, taobao, tmall business group and those about to enter the ktv, the pharmacy and usury industry.the next step, we will bet on logistics and intelligent hardware field.last year we set up food logistics.translation 大家好，我是馬云，改變世界的處女座。今天是9月19日，今天晚上阿里巴巴在退市之后將在紐交所上市交易。我們整合上市每股￥68美元，總額為$218億。這代表什么？我們的融資規(guī)模是全球第三大的。親愛的，1748億，這些錢我們要花多久啊？

我知道，也許你很崇拜我。但是十年之前人們經(jīng)常會說我是個騙子。當(dāng)我想為國家體育總局制作黃頁時，他們對我不理睬，他們說“你必須先預(yù)約”約你妹??！感謝電視攝影師為我記錄下這個場景?，F(xiàn)在我想說今天你對我愛答不理，明天我讓你高攀不起。當(dāng)我處于困境，我去美國融資2百萬美金，然而被300位風(fēng)投拒絕。那時，我真的覺得自己是一個矮、窮、丑的人。但是今天我要的是200億。結(jié)果投資者在我住的酒店90樓排起長隊(duì)，就像上千人在蘋果專賣店門前等iphone6.在我英雄記錄的背后也犯過一些錯誤.那就是雅虎只花了10億就買下了我們40%的股權(quán)。之后貝茨拒絕跟我合作。我真想先娶了她然后再甩了她。我們現(xiàn)在的股權(quán)情況是軟銀掌握34.4%的股權(quán)，雅虎掌握22.6%，作為懂事局主席我只掌握8.9%，陸兆禧掌握1%，其他人掌握29.6%，兩點(diǎn)是其他。我真的不知道再說些什么，我知道今晚過后阿里巴巴將被外國人看做是一家大公司。但是沒人知道“阿里巴巴”的商標(biāo)以前不是我們的。感謝黨和國家?guī)臀覀兇蜈A官司，否則今天“阿里巴巴”將成為香油的品牌。

在這次路演中我反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)阿里巴巴的生態(tài)力量?，F(xiàn)在我們有非常偉大的支付寶，淘寶，天貓等商業(yè)集團(tuán)他們將涉足ktv，藥房和高利貸等行業(yè)。下一步，我們將投入到物流和智能硬件領(lǐng)域。去年我們建立了食品物流，今年我們將進(jìn)入國產(chǎn)手機(jī)行業(yè)。當(dāng)zte-華為-酷派-聯(lián)想這些公司在垂死掙扎的時候，我認(rèn)為魅族和oppo很有b格。老羅和樂視甚至也開始做smart phone.我還能做什么？所以阿里巴巴馬上收購了魅族形成了下一個增長點(diǎn)。中國有一句老話，富不過三代。我們的愿景是讓阿里巴巴變成一家可持續(xù)發(fā)展超過3代的企業(yè)。我相信阿里巴巴退市再上市的時候，我們將成為一家萬億的企業(yè)。最后，我決定給每一位支付寶用戶919元人民幣來幾年這次上市，謝謝！

第五篇：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)論文（本站推薦）

南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)通識選修課課程論文考試（封面）

2010 ——2011第 二 學(xué)期

課程名稱： 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué) 任課教師： 朱廣忠

學(xué)生姓名： 劉麗

班 級： 會計(jì)08G

學(xué) 號： 2023208A1

4論文題目：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一門藝術(shù)

內(nèi)容摘要：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)是一門研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)活動各個

因素之間的相互聯(lián)系、相互作用的客觀規(guī)律其有效運(yùn)用的綜合性科學(xué)。本文將從認(rèn)識領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的發(fā)展到了解其內(nèi)涵及魅力。

關(guān) 鍵 詞：現(xiàn)代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué) ；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的發(fā)展；

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一門藝術(shù)

【內(nèi)容摘要】領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)是一門研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)活動各個因素之間的相互聯(lián)系、相互作用的客觀規(guī)律其有效運(yùn)用的綜合性科學(xué)。本文將從認(rèn)識領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的發(fā)展到了解其內(nèi)涵及魅力。

【關(guān) 鍵 詞】現(xiàn)代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué) ；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的發(fā)展；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力 一，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的初步認(rèn)識

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)是一門研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)活動各個因素之間的相互聯(lián)系、相互作用的客觀規(guī)律其有效運(yùn)用的綜合性科學(xué)。

現(xiàn)代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)既是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，也是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)展的結(jié)果。一方面，現(xiàn)代社會的發(fā)展，因素越來越復(fù)雜，變化越來越迅速，整個社會越來越走向綜合化，任何一個方面要想求得發(fā)展，都必須同時顧及各個方面的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，而且也只有在多方面的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展中，才能真正獲得自力的發(fā)展。“牽一發(fā)而動全身”，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作中的成功或失敗，都可能通過各個方面的聯(lián)系，引起一連串連鎖反應(yīng)。任何一個領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者單靠個人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和智慧已難以駕駛這臺“社會機(jī)器”，無法作出完善、正確的決策?，F(xiàn)代社會的發(fā)展對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提出了越來越高的要求，即必須把領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方法、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)上升為科學(xué)。另一方面，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展又為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué)的產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造了條件?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)革命正在深刻地改變著自然科學(xué)與社會科學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)關(guān)系，兩大科學(xué)門類之間長期存在的堡壘正在被打破?？刂普摗⑿畔⒄摵拖到y(tǒng)論這樣一些模斷學(xué)科迅速發(fā)展，自然科學(xué)中一些重要方法正在向社會科學(xué)迅速移植，技術(shù)科學(xué)的革命使數(shù)學(xué)在各門科學(xué)、尤其在社會科學(xué)的許多領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，這都給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué)的建立提供了寬廣的基礎(chǔ)理論和嚴(yán)密的數(shù)學(xué)工具。政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、科學(xué)學(xué)、社會學(xué)、管理學(xué)、人才學(xué)、未來學(xué)、情報學(xué)、預(yù)測學(xué)、決策學(xué)以及行為科學(xué)等都為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)理論體系的建立提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)正是在這樣的條件下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的研究對象，是作為整體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)以及這個系統(tǒng)本身運(yùn)動的一般規(guī)律。它要從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的整體上研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)觀念特別是現(xiàn)代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)觀念，以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的基本原理和一般原則；它要研究一般領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的模式、過程及其活動規(guī)律；它要研究作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)諸要素的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、作用對象和客觀環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系，以及組織機(jī)構(gòu)的合理設(shè)置和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者個人的素質(zhì)與修養(yǎng)等；它還要研究影響領(lǐng)導(dǎo)效用的各種因素，諸如決策、用人、激勵下級、信息溝通、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方法和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)等對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的整體特征、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)本身的功能及其規(guī)律及影響領(lǐng)導(dǎo)效能的各種因素這三個方面的研究，構(gòu)成了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的完整體系。這個對象的客觀性和研究這個對象的必要性，是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué)產(chǎn)生和得以發(fā)展的依據(jù)，它決定了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)研究的專門領(lǐng)域。二，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是隨著人類社會的產(chǎn)生而產(chǎn)似的，并與人類社會的發(fā)展和演進(jìn)相伴始終。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展是人類實(shí)踐水平和認(rèn)識能力不斷發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果，同時也是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)活動發(fā)展的客觀要求。1． 社會化大生產(chǎn)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué)產(chǎn)生的客觀要求2． 現(xiàn)代社會縱向分工的發(fā)展直接推動了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的產(chǎn)生3． 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)是對豐富的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)實(shí)踐與樸素的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)思想的集成化、系統(tǒng)化和理論化

伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)實(shí)踐的發(fā)展，以及人文社會科學(xué)的發(fā)展，可以預(yù)期，中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)研究在未來至少會呈現(xiàn)出以下幾方面的發(fā)展趨向。1． 走向豐富的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)實(shí)踐

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一門實(shí)踐性學(xué)問，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)是一門應(yīng)用性學(xué)科。實(shí)際的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作需要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)理論的指導(dǎo)，而領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)要想有效地指導(dǎo)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)實(shí)踐必須對實(shí)踐有深刻的把握。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)在我國創(chuàng)建之初，一些學(xué)者就敏銳地注意到了這一點(diǎn)，并且使自己的研究深深扎根于實(shí)踐，在對實(shí)踐的觀照中提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)研究的實(shí)用性和有效性。在后續(xù)的研究中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)需要進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化自身的實(shí)踐特性，不單純做書齋里的學(xué)問，不 3

單純就學(xué)術(shù)談學(xué)術(shù)，而是在實(shí)踐中彰顯自己的學(xué)科品質(zhì)。2． 走向中西會通

在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、文化多元化的世界發(fā)展的格局和背景下，學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展需要更多的國際交流與對話。中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的發(fā)展同樣要走與世界交流對話、中西會通之路。這是時代發(fā)展的要求，也是國際交流對話的需要，更是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)自身更快更好地發(fā)展的需要。只有在國際的大舞臺上，在全球化對話中，才能使中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)具有更大的發(fā)展空間，不斷吸收國外領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)理論的養(yǎng)料，發(fā)展壯大自己。也只有在國際的舞臺上才能夠顯現(xiàn)中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的中國特色。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)發(fā)展走中西會通之路，對中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)學(xué)者素質(zhì)提出了更高的要求：中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)學(xué)者要不斷提高國際交流與對話的能力，不斷在國際領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)界發(fā)出自己的聲音。3． 走向多學(xué)科視野

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)研究目前已大體形成了多學(xué)科研究的視野。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一項(xiàng)非常復(fù)雜的人類活動，從不同角度看領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，得出的認(rèn)識會有很大差別，從不同學(xué)科立場看領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，也會折射出不同的光束，所有這些認(rèn)識和光束，是理解和研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)實(shí)踐所必需的。從這個意義上說，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)研究的多學(xué)科視野還將進(jìn)一步多樣化。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)放開視野，就會更加關(guān)注到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這種在自己學(xué)科中需要分析的對象，也許正是在這一對象的分析中學(xué)科也就找到了新的生長點(diǎn)。4． 走向?qū)W科整合

科學(xué)分化是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)展的一個總趨勢，也是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)發(fā)展的趨勢之一，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的研究將逐步由綜合性、整體性研究走向分支研究、專題研究。從目前來看，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)不僅與社會科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)科進(jìn)行交叉，而且可能會更多地與自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的有關(guān)學(xué)科進(jìn)行交叉，而形成新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)分支學(xué)科?，F(xiàn)在，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)分支學(xué)科林立，為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)研究的整合提供了豐富的素材，未來的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)研究應(yīng)對這些素材進(jìn)行加工提煉，將各學(xué)科的概念、范疇、命題加以梳理，將那些在各學(xué)科中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的 4

概念、范疇、命題等固化為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)學(xué)科的基本要素，轉(zhuǎn)變領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)“千人一面”的學(xué)科形態(tài)。5． 走向元研究

元研究是對已有研究的研究。元研究的實(shí)質(zhì)是通過認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整來改善研究本身，優(yōu)化研究的品質(zhì)。真正意義上的元研究，如果從希爾波特創(chuàng)建元數(shù)學(xué)算起，至今已有了70余年的歷史。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)發(fā)展至今，迫切需要增強(qiáng)自身的反思意識，將元研究作為學(xué)科生長的基本動力和手段。

綜觀20多年來，中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)的發(fā)展，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展是十分迅速的，它取得成績是顯著的。在發(fā)展中它還存在一些自主性不強(qiáng)、理念轉(zhuǎn)化不夠等方面的不足，但它的發(fā)展趨勢表明它所蘊(yùn)含的發(fā)展?jié)摿κ蔷薮蟮摹Ｎ覀兿嘈?，中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)將會在今后的發(fā)展中在學(xué)科建設(shè)、理論建設(shè)等方面取得更大的成績，將會對中國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)實(shí)踐起到更大的指導(dǎo)、推動作用，將會對中國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會等方面的發(fā)展做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。

三，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中的藝術(shù)

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)是很有講究又極富藝術(shù)的一門學(xué)問。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)具有突破性和創(chuàng)造性、非模式化和非規(guī)范性、隨機(jī)性和靈活性的特點(diǎn)。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)又分為：1.履行職能的藝術(shù)（主要包括溝通、激勵和指導(dǎo)的藝術(shù)，以及決策藝術(shù)、用權(quán)藝術(shù)、授權(quán)藝術(shù)用人藝術(shù)等）。2.提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作有效性的藝術(shù)。3.人際關(guān)系的協(xié)調(diào)藝術(shù)。1．用人和用權(quán)藝術(shù)。

（1）用人藝術(shù)。用人的方法和藝術(shù)在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作中占有特別重要的位置。1938 年毛澤東把領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的職責(zé)歸為：“出主意，用干部”，將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的決策與用人放在同等重要的位置。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者用人的藝術(shù)主要有：合理選擇，知人善任；揚(yáng)長避短、寬容待人；合理使用，積極培養(yǎng)；用人要正激勵人才。（2）用權(quán)藝術(shù)。規(guī)范化 5

用權(quán)；實(shí)效化用權(quán)；體制外用權(quán)。（3）授權(quán)藝術(shù)。包括合理選擇授權(quán)方式；授權(quán)留責(zé)；視能授權(quán)；明確責(zé)權(quán)；適度授權(quán)；監(jiān)督控制；逐級授權(quán)；防止反向授權(quán)。

2．決策藝術(shù)。（1）決策藝術(shù)的特點(diǎn)：科學(xué)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的結(jié)合；綜合性知識與創(chuàng)造性發(fā)揮。（2）決策藝術(shù)：①運(yùn)籌藝術(shù)—統(tǒng)籌兼顧，把握關(guān)鍵。②決斷藝術(shù)—指令明確、決斷及時；判斷力、想象力、洞察力、應(yīng)變力。③善于調(diào)動他人的積極性。④借用外腦。

3．人際關(guān)系藝術(shù)。（1）人際關(guān)系藝術(shù)。（2）人際溝通藝術(shù)：態(tài)度和藹、平等待人；尊重別人、注意方法；簡化語言；積極傾聽；抑制情緒；把主動；創(chuàng)造互信環(huán)境。（3）處理人際糾紛藝術(shù)：寬以待人；分寸得當(dāng)、審時度勢；講究策略；把握主動。四，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的提升

在一個組織中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者起著極其重要的作用?；鶢柌?菲爾赫姆認(rèn)為：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是員工發(fā)展的推動者，是激發(fā)組織潛力的戰(zhàn)略遠(yuǎn)景的制定者，是文化價值的創(chuàng)造者和變革的倡導(dǎo)者，是與下屬進(jìn)行密切合作的協(xié)商者，是下屬的教育者是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)績效和員工自我發(fā)展的雙重推動者。

一個組織是需要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的。一個優(yōu)秀的高機(jī)動性、高目標(biāo)完成率的精英團(tuán)隊(duì)更是需要一個卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。那我們到底需要怎樣卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者呢？這樣的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者怎么樣養(yǎng)成呢？從開放性定義上看，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是能讓人創(chuàng)造理想和有能力把想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)并使之持續(xù)下去的過程。所以，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)主要表現(xiàn)為一種影響力。我們姑且稱之為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力”。由此可知，要培養(yǎng)卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)主要是培養(yǎng)卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力并不是一種與生俱來的能力，它是那些有志成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的人認(rèn)識自己和管理自己的能力，往往是通過后天實(shí)踐逐漸習(xí)得的一種能力。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力并不代表某種特殊的地位或戰(zhàn)略，它只是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者真實(shí)生活方式的一種反映。卓越領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)有的品質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，卓越領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者一般都具有以下品質(zhì):注意時刻在下屬面前樹立良好 6

形象;不時為自己打造威信的光環(huán);充分發(fā)揮作為管理者的影響力;善于運(yùn)用情感技巧說服下屬;把正確的理念融人細(xì)微的管理中;做到既充分授權(quán)又不失控制;學(xué)會“恩威并用”的批評策略;在妥善處理難題中展示魅力;注意不斷提高自身的能力和素養(yǎng)等等。

（1）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)有優(yōu)秀的品德。

從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)哲學(xué)上看，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是展示崇高品德的行為。優(yōu)秀的品德是做人應(yīng)具備的最基本的素質(zhì)和立業(yè)的根本，能使人產(chǎn)生一種敬重感，吸引人們自覺或不自覺地學(xué)習(xí)模仿，從而產(chǎn)生巨大的駕馭激勵力量。所以，作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者首先應(yīng)該注重自身的行為修養(yǎng)。

首先，要克己。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者須強(qiáng)化自身修養(yǎng)，則必須從克己做起。第二，要有服務(wù)精神。服務(wù)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)價值的最重要的體現(xiàn)，是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的基本屬性。第三，要尊重他人。每一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)謹(jǐn)記正視人性，滿足合理的人性需求這個道理。（2）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要扮演好自己的角色

從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)哲學(xué)的角度看，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是富于挑戰(zhàn)的，穿越時空和組織邊界的，引發(fā)變革的提供希望的行為。所以，對組織而言，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要扮演好兩大類即四種不同的角色：一是變革型角色，包括宣傳鼓動家與謀略家；二是務(wù)實(shí)型角色，包括分析家與實(shí)干家。作為宣傳鼓動家，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要關(guān)注人們的奉獻(xiàn)精神，強(qiáng)調(diào)組織的價值，以新的目標(biāo)和抱負(fù)激勵員工，創(chuàng)造振奮人心的氛圍;作為謀略家，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要關(guān)注未來，了解最新的發(fā)展趨勢，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的與方向，描繪組織發(fā)展的遠(yuǎn)景及藍(lán)圖等等;作為分析家，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)關(guān)注組織的運(yùn)作效率，評估進(jìn)行中的項(xiàng)目與計(jì)劃，協(xié)調(diào)相互抵觸的看法與需求;作為實(shí)干家，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)關(guān)注業(yè)績，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，解決問題，做出影響下級的決策等等。（3）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要不斷學(xué)習(xí)

從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)哲學(xué)上看，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是包含智慧和價值的創(chuàng)造性活動。在這樣的知識經(jīng)濟(jì) 7

時代，在這樣一個信息爆炸的時代，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者只有通過不同的形式,加強(qiáng)理論知識、文化科學(xué)知識、管理知識學(xué)習(xí),不斷探索進(jìn)取,那么在作決策時,就能站得高、看得遠(yuǎn),考慮周全,思維活躍,有研究、有創(chuàng)新、為下屬所折服,從而增強(qiáng)自己的人格力量。否則，就跟不上知識經(jīng)濟(jì)時代對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的要求。（4）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要形成良好的心理素質(zhì)。

首先，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要有強(qiáng)烈的使命感。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的核心任務(wù)是要看清組織存在的意義以及未來發(fā)展前景，并以這種使命感激發(fā)自身以及與員工的潛力，使命不應(yīng)空洞，而應(yīng)具有實(shí)際意義。第二，要有良好的意志品質(zhì)。在任何情況下都能鎮(zhèn)定自若，不灰心喪氣，處變不驚，防止由于自己的消極情緒對下屬帶來不良的影響。鄧小平同志在他的政治生涯中曾大起大落三次，但他仍不屈不撓地為自己的政治事業(yè)奮斗。

（5）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要培養(yǎng)自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格

首先，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)結(jié)合自身的生活、工作實(shí)際,發(fā)揮氣質(zhì)中優(yōu)勢的一面,養(yǎng)成剛毅果斷、有膽有識;樂觀開朗、寬厚待人;沉著冷靜、實(shí)事求是;熱情活潑、勇于開拓等方面的良好的性格特征。其次,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要具備一定的語言素養(yǎng)。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)掌握談活的技巧、真誠的贊美、批評的方式、幽默風(fēng)趣的表達(dá)、談話的生動形象、表達(dá)的得體等都展示著自己的風(fēng)采,展現(xiàn)著自己的才能,使之具有獨(dú)特的吸引力、影響力。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)是一門極具魅力的學(xué)問，它與我們的生活緊密相關(guān)，我們更應(yīng)該去深入的去了解。

參考文獻(xiàn)：1.《中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)：進(jìn)展、問題與趨向》，鄭金洲，李沖鋒 2.《淺談我國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)及其發(fā)展》

3.《領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué)與藝術(shù)》，林 健