第一篇：學(xué)術(shù)會議英語報(bào)告——黃龍陽

學(xué)術(shù)會議英語 期末論文

學(xué)號: 2015000360 姓名：黃龍陽

學(xué)院：土木工程與建筑學(xué)院

專業(yè)：土木工程 班級：

A（6）

2016年5月

地基處理效果檢測方法研究

黃龍陽

摘要：隨著我國各種建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，由于各種場地的地質(zhì)條件特性，往往需要對其進(jìn)行地基加固處理，而目前的加固處理方法種類繁多，效果差別很大。因此尋找有效的地基處理效果檢測方法就顯得尤為重要。本文就目前工程中應(yīng)用較多的地基處理檢測技術(shù)進(jìn)行探討和歸納。

關(guān)鍵詞：地基處理；效果；檢測方法 前言

隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，各種建設(shè)項(xiàng)目開始實(shí)施，但通常由于場地地質(zhì)條件的特殊性，需要對建設(shè)場地進(jìn)行地基加固處理。目前在實(shí)際工程建設(shè)過程中應(yīng)用的地基處理方法很多，堆載預(yù)壓、強(qiáng)夯法、加筋法、換填法、振沖樁、旋噴樁、地基土改良等，但往往由于地基處理方法本身的局限性和施工過程中的人為因素，造成地基處理效果參差不齊。而一個(gè)合格的工程場地地基，是建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量安全的重要保障，因此，檢測地基加固處理效果的檢測技術(shù)發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。目前工程中應(yīng)用于地基處理效果檢測的方法主要有荷載試驗(yàn)、動力觸探試驗(yàn)、靜力觸探試驗(yàn)、十字板剪切試驗(yàn)、波速試驗(yàn)、取芯試驗(yàn)等，但各種試驗(yàn)方法本身適用條件有限，試驗(yàn)精度相差很大。本文結(jié)合一些工程實(shí)例，對這些檢測方法的應(yīng)用和效果進(jìn)行探討。地基處理效果檢測試驗(yàn)研究

目前很多學(xué)者對地基加固處理效果檢測做了各種各樣的研究，并對各種方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了探討，本文以下僅將工程中應(yīng)用比較多的進(jìn)行闡述和歸納。2.1 地基靜載荷試驗(yàn)

基靜載荷試驗(yàn)是一種精度較高，分析結(jié)果與實(shí)際吻合度較好的試驗(yàn)方法，用其進(jìn)行地基承載力測定和地基沉降計(jì)算相對準(zhǔn)確，但其成本較高，技術(shù)要求嚴(yán)格，且試驗(yàn)周期相對較長，一般大型項(xiàng)目的場地勘察均要求進(jìn)行此項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)。2.1.1 靜載荷試驗(yàn)簡述 靜載荷試驗(yàn)?zāi)M建筑物地基土的受荷條件，在剛性承壓板上加荷，荷載通過承壓板均勻傳遞給地基，以測定天然埋藏條件下地基土的變形特性，從而評定地基土的承載力，計(jì)算地基土的變形模量和估計(jì)基礎(chǔ)的沉降量，可以比較直觀的反映地基土的變形特性。地基承載力確定方法是：最后當(dāng)壓力－沉降曲線上有比例界限時(shí)，取該比例界限所對應(yīng)的荷載值；當(dāng)極限荷載小于對應(yīng)比例界限的荷載值的2倍時(shí)，取極限荷載值的一半；當(dāng)不能按上述兩款要求確定時(shí)，可取 s/b=0.01所對應(yīng)的荷載，但其值不應(yīng)大于最大加載量的一半[1]。2.1.2 靜載荷試驗(yàn)評價(jià)實(shí)例總結(jié)

王文奎[2]等采用工字鋼和堆料組成壓重平臺反力系統(tǒng)，用壓重平臺反力法對長江沿岸某碼頭后方陸域地基處理工程進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢測。預(yù)壓地基荷載板為邊長1m的方形板，由于該工程場地地基處理設(shè)計(jì)承載力特征值為120kpa，故該次試驗(yàn)最大加載為設(shè)計(jì)值的2倍，為240kpa，按24kpa每級分級加載，并在加載過程中進(jìn)行沉降觀測，地基承載力特征值的確定。該次試驗(yàn)共計(jì)檢測20處，p-s曲線上可以看出，當(dāng)最大加載至240kpa時(shí)，所有測點(diǎn)均未達(dá)到極限狀態(tài)，最大沉降量為8.400mm，最小沉降量為6.200mm，根據(jù)承載力特征值的取值原則，取最大加載量的一半，即240kpa/2=120kpa為該點(diǎn)處理后地基的承載力特征值，所有測點(diǎn)的承載力均滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。該工程采用靜載荷試驗(yàn)對地基處理進(jìn)行了評價(jià)，說明了該場地經(jīng)過地基處理，達(dá)到了該場地設(shè)計(jì)的地基承載力120kpa。2.2 十字板剪切試驗(yàn)

十字板剪切試驗(yàn)由于其自身的適用條件限制，一般在沿海地區(qū)的軟土場地應(yīng)用較為普遍，而在一些碎石土場地則無法用其進(jìn)行場地地基處理效果的評判。2.2.1 十字板剪切試驗(yàn)簡述

試驗(yàn)時(shí)，逆時(shí)針方向搖動扭力箱裝置小搖手，以每10s轉(zhuǎn)動1°的速度勻速轉(zhuǎn)動，當(dāng)試驗(yàn)達(dá)到峰值或者穩(wěn)定值后，再測試1min，如試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)正常，記錄峰值數(shù)據(jù)，根據(jù)該數(shù)值計(jì)算原狀土抗剪強(qiáng)度；完成抗剪強(qiáng)度測定后，順扭轉(zhuǎn)方向連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)動探桿6圈，按照以上步驟進(jìn)行操作，測定重塑土的不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度。2.2.2 十字板剪切試驗(yàn)評價(jià)實(shí)例總結(jié)

王文奎[2]等采用十字板剪切試驗(yàn)對長江沿岸某碼頭后方陸域地基處理工程進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢測。該次試驗(yàn)共8孔，每孔18個(gè)測點(diǎn)，對各孔的檢測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)，通過與原地質(zhì)勘察資料相比較可知，地基土的抗剪強(qiáng)度有了大幅度提高，地基處理達(dá)到了預(yù)期效果。2.3 輕型觸探試驗(yàn)

輕型觸探指N10輕型動力觸探儀，其質(zhì)量較輕，設(shè)備簡單，應(yīng)用廣泛，操作簡便，成本較低，在一些軟土地區(qū)應(yīng)用十分廣泛。2.3.1 輕型觸探試驗(yàn)簡述

其利用一定的錘擊能量，將帶有探頭的探桿打入土中，按貫入的難易程度來評價(jià)土的性質(zhì)，主要用于素填土及碎石土地層，并可連續(xù)貫入，能在其試驗(yàn)深度范圍內(nèi)不斷測得土層的力學(xué)特性及變化規(guī)律[1]。2.3.2 輕型觸探試驗(yàn)評價(jià)實(shí)例總結(jié)

王文奎[2]等采用輕型動力觸探試驗(yàn)對長江沿岸某碼頭后方陸域地基處理工程進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢測?，F(xiàn)場對56根水泥攪拌樁樁頂下2m范圍內(nèi)的樁頭進(jìn)行了檢測，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明樁頂下2m范圍內(nèi)每30cm錘擊數(shù)為64-78擊，設(shè)計(jì)值：N10>35擊/30cm，檢測范圍內(nèi)樁身水泥土均勻，質(zhì)量滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。2.4 取芯試驗(yàn)

取芯試驗(yàn)即鉆取地基處理后的地基土，然后進(jìn)行室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)，用以評價(jià)其地基處理后的效果，在一些大型工程中應(yīng)用也較為普遍。2.4.1 取芯試驗(yàn)簡述

對采用旋噴樁、振沖樁、攪拌樁進(jìn)行地基土處理的場地，在對地基樁取芯試驗(yàn)中，其目的主要是檢測樁身混凝土質(zhì)量情況，檢查樁身混凝土膠結(jié)狀況、有無氣孔、松散或斷樁等；檢查樁底持力層的巖土性狀和厚度是否符合設(shè)計(jì)或規(guī)范要求，并核對施工記錄樁長是否真實(shí)[3]。2.4.2 取芯試驗(yàn)評價(jià)實(shí)例總結(jié)

王文奎等采用取芯試驗(yàn)對長江沿岸某碼頭后方陸域地基處理工程進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢測，共完成16根水泥攪拌樁的檢測工作，取芯試驗(yàn)無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度48組，樁身芯樣成型長度平均8.5m，成型段芯樣成短-中柱狀，斷口吻合較好，樁身8.30m以下部分樁芯樣不成型，未形成強(qiáng)度。芯樣強(qiáng)度：共完成強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)48組，無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度平均值為3.1mpa。

錢歸[3]對廣明高速公路廣州段軟基處理后的路基進(jìn)行取芯檢測，其結(jié)果巖芯[2]采取率均接近100%，采取率65.4%-74.4%。芯樣連續(xù)、完整、膠結(jié)好、呈長柱狀，混凝土樁抗壓強(qiáng)度代表值為22.1Mpa，說明該軟土地基進(jìn)行處理后達(dá)到了地基處理設(shè)計(jì)要求。2.5 波速試驗(yàn)

波速試驗(yàn)也是地基處理效果檢測的常用手段之一，其設(shè)備簡單，操作簡便，價(jià)格相對較低，適用范圍較廣。2.5.1 取芯試驗(yàn)簡述

在地面上進(jìn)行豎向激震時(shí)，均會在其表面附近層狀連續(xù)介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生瑞雷波，它的特點(diǎn)是能量大，傳播速度低，頻率低，隨時(shí)間衰減慢，易于識別。在層狀介質(zhì)中，瑞雷波法具有頻散特性，在同一地段求出一系列頻率的瑞雷波速，就可得到一條瑞雷波頻散曲線，不同波長的瑞雷波的傳播特性反映了不同深度巖土介質(zhì)的運(yùn)動學(xué)特性，由頻散曲線可以反演地下速度界面的分層厚度和速度結(jié)構(gòu)，以確定每層巖土體的速度和深度參數(shù)。2.5.2 取芯試驗(yàn)評價(jià)實(shí)例總結(jié)

史慧杰[4]對青島北海西灣造修船基地填海造陸區(qū)地基處理后采用了瑞雷波測試，其測試曲線反映了表層填石密實(shí)度不均勻，變化較大，6.2m以下波速逐漸增大，到11.2m波速變化減小，說明了隨著深度增大，填石的密實(shí)度也增大，但到11.2m以下，波速突然變小，反映了1.2m進(jìn)入了混合層；12m-12.9m曲線呈直線狀態(tài)，波速不變，反映了12m-12.9m進(jìn)入了淤泥層；12.9m以下波速急劇增大到452.5m/s，說明12.9m以后進(jìn)入強(qiáng)風(fēng)化基巖。鉆探結(jié)果和面波試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本一致。存在的問題

由于場地條件本身是復(fù)雜多變的，地基處理過程中由于方法的選擇不同和施工過程的人為因素影響，將造成其結(jié)果有很大的差異，因此對地基處理效果進(jìn)行檢測就尤為重要。但是在實(shí)際操作過程中，由于各種方法的局限性和地下情況的復(fù)雜性，所以往往需要多中方法綜合使用，達(dá)到相互驗(yàn)證的目的。同時(shí)，也要求我們不斷探索，對已有方法進(jìn)行完善并尋找新的更為有效的技術(shù)手段

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] 湯定一.強(qiáng)夯技術(shù)加固機(jī)理與質(zhì)量檢測研究.湖南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文，2002.[2] 王文奎.軟土地基處理效果檢測技術(shù)探討.工程與建設(shè)，2014.28（3）:379-382.[3] 錢歸.廣明高速公路廣州段軟基處理方案及檢測分析.華南理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文，2012.[4] 史慧杰.強(qiáng)夯施工振動監(jiān)測與夯后地基處理效果振動測試研究.中國海洋大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文，2005.Study on detection method of ground treatment effect

Huang Longyang Abstract:with the implementation of the various construction projects in China, due to thegeological characteristics of the various venues, often need to to deal with the foundation reinforcement, and the reinforcement treatment methods are different, difference between the effect of greatly.Thus, looking for effective ground treatment testing method is particularly important.In this paper, the current engineering application more foundation processing detection technology are discussed and summarized.Keywords: foundation treatment, effect, detection method Preface

With the rapid development of economy and technology in China, various construction projects started, but usually because of the particularity of geological conditions, the need for the construction site of the foundation reinforcement.The current application in the actual construction process of the foundation treatment method, preloading, dynamic compaction, reinforcement method, the replacement method vibroflotation, pile, jet grouting pile, soil improvement, but often due to human factors foundation treatment method of limitations and in the process of construction, resulting in uneven ground treatment effect.But a qualified engineering foundation, is an important guarantee for building design, construction quality and safety and therefore play an increasingly important role the detection effect of detection of reinforcement foundation.In current engineering application method in foundation detection processing are the main load test, dynamic penetration test, cone penetration test, ten plate shear test, wave velocity Test, core test and so on, but all kinds of test methods are limited in their own conditions, the accuracy of the test is very large.This paper combined with some engineering examples, the application and effect of these testing methods are discussed.2Test research on effect of foundation treatment

At present, many scholars have done a variety of research on the effect of the foundation reinforcement treatment, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, this paper will be used in the following projects to elaborate and sum up.2.1 Static load test of foundation

Based on static load test is a kind of high precision, analysis the result is consistent with the actual well test method, the foundation bearing capacity determination and foundation settlement calculation is relatively accurate, but the cost is high, the strict technical requirements and test cycle is relatively long, generally large project site survey are required to perform the test.2.1.1 Static load test

Static load test simulation of foundation soil for buildings load conditions, loading on rigid bearing plate, uniform load transfer to the ground through the bearing plate, the deformation characteristics of Foundation Soil Determination of natural burial conditions, so as to assess the bearing capacity of foundation soil, settlement calculation of soil deformation modulus and deformation characteristics can be estimated based.The soil foundation reflects the more intuitive.The method for determining the bearing capacity of the foundation is: when the pressure ratio limit final settlement curve, the load ratio limit value corresponding to the load limit;when the load is less than 2 times the value of the corresponding proportion limit, half limit load value;when cannot be determined according to the above two requirements, desirable load s/b=0.01 corresponding, but its value should not exceed the maximum loading amount of half(Qian Gui.2012).2.1.2 Static load test evaluation Wang Wenkui(Wang Wenkui.2014), the I-steel and stacking pressure counter pressure system, with pressure platform force method is used to test the quality of a wharf along the Yangtze River land foundation treatment engineering.Square plate preloading foundation loading plate to the side of 1m, because of the engineering site foundation treatment design bearing capacity characteristic value is 120kPa, so the test of maximum load is 2 times the design value is 240kpa, according to 24kpa each stage of loading, and the settlement observation in the loading process, determine the characteristic value of bearing capacity of foundation.The test were tested in 20, the P-S curve can be seen, when the maximum load to 240kpa, all the measurement points are did not reach the limit state, the maximum settlement is 8.400mm, the minimum settlement is 6.200mm, according to the selection principle of the characteristic value of bearing capacity, half maximum load, which is 240kpa/2=120kpa to the point after the treatment of the foundation bearing force characteristic value, all The bearing capacity of the measuring point is satisfied with the design requirements.The project adopts the static load test to evaluate the foundation treatment, and shows that the ground treatment of the site has reached the foundation bearing capacity of the ground design 120kpa.2.2 vane shear test

Due to its own limitations, the vane shear test is generally used in the coastal areas of soft soil sites, and in some of the gravel soil can not be used to conduct the evaluation of the effect of ground treatment.2.2.1Brief introduction ofvane shear test Test, inverse clockwise rocking torsion box device small cranks, every 10 seconds to rotate one degree at a constant rate of rotation, when the test to peak or stable value, to test for 1min, test data, such as normal and record the peak data.According to the numerical calculation of undisturbed soil shear strength;complete shear strength determination, along the reverse direction continuous rotation of the probe rod coil 6, in accordance with the above steps operation, the determination of remolded soil undrained shear strength.2.2.2 cross plate shear test evaluation examples summary Wang Wenkui(Wang Wenkui.2014)Adopting vane shear test of along the Yangtze River a wharf land foundation treatment engineering quality detection.The experiment a total of eight holes, each hole 18 measuring points, on each hole detection data statistics, through with the original geological survey data are compared, the soil shear strength has been greatly improved, foundation treatment reached expected effect.2.3 light penetration test N10 light dynamic penetrometer for light penetration, their quality is light, simple equipment, widely used, easy operation, low cost and in a wide range of application in soft soil area.2.3.1Thelight penetration test The hammer blow energy, with probe, and the probe rod into the soil, according to the degree of difficulty of the penetration to evaluate soil properties, mainly used for grain filling and gravelly soil layer, and can be used for continuous penetration, in the test depth range continually measured soil mechanical properties and change rules(Qian Gui.2012).2.3.2 light penetration test evaluation summary Wang Wenkui et al.(Shi Huijie.2013)the light dynamic penetration test of along the Yangtze River a wharf land foundation treatment engineering quality detection.Site of 56 cement mixing pile top under the 2m range of pile head were measured.The experimental results show that the pile top under 2m every 30cm hammer hammer number is 64-78 hammer and design values: hammer N10>35 / cm2, uniform cement soil piles detection range, quality meet the design requirements.2.4 core test Core test is drilling and taking the foundation treatment of the foundation soil, and then carry out laboratory tests, in order to evaluate the effect of the foundation treatment, in some large-scale projects are more common.2.4.1 core test The application of jet grouting pile, vibro pile, mixing pile of foundation soil treatment site, on foundation pile core test, its purpose is mainly testing the quality of pile body concrete situation in, check the pile body concrete bonding conditions, stomatal, loose or broken pile;check the pile bearing stratum at the bottom of the geotechnical properties and thickness meets design requirement or standard, and check the construction record of pile length is real.2.4.2 core test case summary Wang Wenkui(Shi Huijie.2013)by taking the core test along the Yangtze River a wharf land foundation treatment engineering quality testing, completed a total of 16 cement mixing pile testing, core test and unconfined compressive strength group, 48, pile core sample molding average length of 8.5m, forming section of the core sample into short columnar fracture are in good agreement, pile body 8.30m post and core sample is not formed, has not formed the strength.Strength of core sample: completed a total of strength test group(n = 48, no side limit compression strength average value for 3.1mpa.Qian Gui(Qian Gui.2012)of Guangming Expressway Guangzhou section of soft foundation treatment of subgrade detecting core to check, the cores taken rate of close to 100%, the take rate 65.4%-74.4%.core sample continuous, complete, well cemented, a long column, concrete pile compressive strength represents value for 22.1Mpa that the soft soil foundation treatment to the foundation treatment design requirements.2.5 wave velocity test Wave velocity test is one of the common methods of foundation treatment, its equipment is simple, operation is simple, the price is relatively low, the scope of application is wider.2.5.1 core test Produced on the ground vertical shock, will in the near the surface of the layered continuous medium in which the Rayleigh wave, which is characterized by high energy and propagation speed is low, the low frequency with time attenuation is slow and easy to identify.In layered medium, Rayleigh wave method with dispersion characteristics in the same area for a series of frequency of the Rayleigh wave velocity can be obtained by a Rayleigh wave dispersion curves, different wavelength of Rayleigh wave propagation characteristics reflect the different depth of rock and soil medium kinematics characteristics, the dispersion curve inversion of underground velocity interface layer thickness and velocity structure, to determine each layer of rock and soil mass velocity and depth parameter.2.5.2 core test case summary Hui Jie Shi(Wang Wenkui.2014)on the West Bay of Qingdao Beihai made ship repairing base of sea reclamation area after foundation treatment by the Rayleigh wave test, the test curve reflects the surface filling stone compactness is not uniform, changes in the larger, 6.2 m below the wave velocity increases gradually, to 11.2 M wave velocity decreases, indicating that the with depth increasing, fill stone density also increases, but to 11.2 m below the velocity suddenly becomes small, reflecting the 1.2m in the mixed layer;12m-12.9m curve linear, constant velocity, reflect the 12m-12.9m into the silt layer;following 12.9 M wave velocity increases rapidly to 452.5m/s, that 12.9 m after entering the weathered bedrock.Drilling results and surface wave test results are basically the same.Existing problems Because the site itself is complex and changeable, foundation treatment process due to the method of selection of the different construction process of human factors influence, will cause the great difference, therefore on the foundation treatment effect detection is particularly important.But in actual operation process, due to the limitations and the subsurface complexity of various methods, so often need to more comprehensive method of use, to achieve the goal of mutual authentication.At the same time, it also requires us to constantly explore, the existing methods are perfect and looking for new and more effective technical means

References

Qian Gui.2012.Guangzhou Guangming expressway soft ground treatment scheme and test analysis.A preliminary study.Shi Huijie.2013.Vibration monitoring of dynamic compaction construction and vibration test of foundation treatment effect after dynamic compaction.Geophys.J.Int,140:568~576.Tang Dingyi.1998.An observational test of the critical earth quake concept.J.Geophys.Res,103:24359~24372.Wang Wenkui.2014.Discussion on detection technology of soft soil foundation treatment effect.J.Construction and engineering.28:379~382.

第二篇：國際學(xué)術(shù)會議常用語(英語)

學(xué)術(shù)會議常用表達(dá)

1.有關(guān)會議的一般信息

（1）名稱

conference academic conference annual meeting/symposium/conference

international conference forum, international forum

symposium workshop（2）日期

dates/important dates/key dates（3）地點(diǎn)

location/venue conference location/venue（4）主題

issues/themes/(main)topics/scope of conference topic of interests

conference themes/topics 2．論文征稿、提交與錄用

call for abstract/proposal/paper

paper deadline deadline for abstract/full paper/proposal submission submission deadline

deadline extended date for mortification of acceptance Paper acceptance/rejection will be informed by… deadline for authors notification

camera ready version deadline 3.會議注冊

deadline/closing date for registration registration fees and items

telegraphic transfer only

registration form official invitation letter bank transfer

registration information

payment bank draft/check 4.會議進(jìn)程及內(nèi)容

conference schedule/program

preliminary conference program

final conference program

opening ceremony/session keynote session/parallel session/tutorial session

keynote speech oral presentation

poster presentation

tea/coffee break(buffet)lunch/(buffet)supper

(welcome)banquet

5.會議具體細(xì)節(jié)

opening

question and answer

introduction to speaker comment on speaker

theme/paper presentation closing 6．學(xué)術(shù)會議的問答討論環(huán)節(jié)口語

學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告之后的問答討論環(huán)節(jié)（Question and Answer Session）是同行之間交流的良好機(jī)

會，雙方可以針對報(bào)告中的具體問題進(jìn)行探討

（1）答問的方式與技巧

回答討論環(huán)節(jié)可以讓報(bào)告人通過互動及時(shí)地獲得信息反饋并可以把在討論中或得的建設(shè)性建議用于下一步的工作，因此對科研工作有很大的促進(jìn)作用。對于如此重要的環(huán)節(jié)，報(bào)告人在報(bào)告之前應(yīng)進(jìn)行必要的準(zhǔn)備，盡可能地保證這一環(huán)節(jié)完整、流暢地進(jìn)行，一般應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。

① 準(zhǔn)備工作

學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告中的提問者往往是相關(guān)領(lǐng)域中的專家，對報(bào)告的內(nèi)容非常熟悉，因此所提出的問題可能會有相當(dāng)?shù)纳疃取V度以及不可預(yù)見性，有時(shí)甚至直接指出研究工作中的不完善之處或漏洞所在。由于時(shí)間關(guān)系，回答者在現(xiàn)場一般沒有充分的時(shí)間進(jìn)行考慮，這就要求報(bào)告人要事先進(jìn)行充分的準(zhǔn)備。在報(bào)告前，報(bào)告人應(yīng)將對答環(huán)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)備作為準(zhǔn)備工作的一部分，進(jìn)行深入考慮，全面的預(yù)測聽眾可能提出的問題，可以假設(shè)一些問題，并準(zhǔn)備好最合適的解答。如果會議沒有統(tǒng)一安排每個(gè)報(bào)告的問答環(huán)節(jié)，報(bào)告者在進(jìn)行報(bào)告時(shí)就要預(yù)先告知聽眾隨后的Q＆A Session，這樣可以讓聽眾為提問做好準(zhǔn)備。

② 過程控制

在時(shí)間允許的情況下盡可能讓每個(gè)想提問的人都有機(jī)會提問，不要讓少數(shù)提問者的提問占據(jù)整個(gè)討論環(huán)節(jié)，應(yīng)按照提問者舉手示意的順序來請出提問者。在開始回答問題時(shí)，首先與提問者目光接觸，然后轉(zhuǎn)向其他所有聽眾，這樣可以獲得所有聽眾的注意。在回答完畢之后，可以再次通過目光了解提問者是否對回答表示滿意。報(bào)告人應(yīng)控制整個(gè)討論的過程，對于與主題無關(guān)的問題可以禮貌地回避。

③ 答問方式

應(yīng)首先仔細(xì)聽清問題，在回答之前應(yīng)將問題清楚的重復(fù)一遍，這可以保證對問題的正確理解，確保每個(gè)人都能聽清楚問題，同時(shí)給自己一些時(shí)間來思考，表述答案前可做片刻停留，這既引起了聽眾的注意，又表明了對答案的謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，同時(shí)也給自己留更多的思考空間。不要對問題進(jìn)行評價(jià)，避免說類似“That was a great question”的話，如果想要對某一問題進(jìn)行肯定，可以用“Thanks for asking that question”或“I get asked that question by many people.”等中性的表述，還可以讓聽眾感到平等。回答問題時(shí)應(yīng)盡可能簡潔，切題。在回答中應(yīng)盡可能多地提及報(bào)告中的內(nèi)容，這有利于聽眾對報(bào)告內(nèi)容加深印象，并有利于控制問答環(huán)節(jié)的主題。

④ 問題的類型

對于尋求具體解釋的一些問題，可以簡單地重復(fù)報(bào)告的內(nèi)容來對問題進(jìn)行說明或證明，或是澄清聽眾的誤解。如果提問者對報(bào)告內(nèi)容提出不同見解，可以通過資料、事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)等來證明自己的觀點(diǎn)，但一定注意態(tài)度要禮貌謙和。對于過于復(fù)雜的深層問題無法進(jìn)行簡單回答時(shí)，可以在簡略回答之后邀約提問者在其他時(shí)間進(jìn)行討論。對于聽眾的評價(jià)或是建議應(yīng)表示感謝，但要控制時(shí)間，適時(shí)地打斷發(fā)言人并轉(zhuǎn)入下一個(gè)問題。對不知道答案的問題應(yīng)坦率的承認(rèn)，不要回避或轉(zhuǎn)換話題，并盡可能提供相關(guān)的書籍，資料或是該方面的專家以供參考。

⑤ 時(shí)間的把握

為了能夠巧妙地結(jié)束回答問題環(huán)節(jié)，可事先準(zhǔn)備一段總結(jié)性的陳述用來重申報(bào)告主題并結(jié)束問答環(huán)節(jié)。注意在達(dá)到規(guī)定時(shí)間時(shí)應(yīng)立刻結(jié)束討論環(huán)節(jié)，在回答最后一個(gè)問題之前們就要禮貌地表示即將超時(shí)，并可以讓其他提問者將問題留在會后進(jìn)行討論。

⑥ 提問者的禮儀

大型會議中回答環(huán)節(jié)的時(shí)間往往比較短暫，提問者應(yīng)抓住機(jī)會參與討論，同時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下方面。

如果為提問者準(zhǔn)備了麥克風(fēng)，則應(yīng)在拿到麥克風(fēng)后等待阿加安靜下來在進(jìn)行提問；大聲地表述，讓提問者和聽眾都能夠聽清楚問題；不必解釋提問的理由以免浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，但如果適宜可以需要地介紹自己（一定要簡要）；對所提的問題應(yīng)做好準(zhǔn)備，以保證問題的有效性（不要提那些答案顯而易見的問題）提問務(wù)必簡短；每次盡量只提一個(gè)問題，把更多的機(jī)會留給其他聽眾。

（2）常用表達(dá)

① 提問

I would like to ask/address/raise a question about… I would like to know(whether)… I would be glad to know(whether)… I have a question about…

May I ask(a question about)…? My question is/concerns//is concerned with… What I would like to ask is… What I am asking is …

I wonder if you would like to explain/comment on the point of…

I would be grateful/appreciate/obliged/for(to have)some explanation about…

I wonder if you would be kind enough to explain/comment on/give some example for… I wonder(What I am wondering is)…

I am curious about/interested in/keen on(whether/why/how/what/when)…? Could you please tell me whether/why/how/what/when…? Do you mind showing me whether/why/how/what/when…? I could not understand what you really mean by… Do you have any ideas about…? What do you think of/about…? Could you back…up? Could you give us an example about…? Could you provide any example to prove what you have said about…? Could you give any example that shows…? ② 回答

a.對問題進(jìn)行確認(rèn)

Are you asking me the question about…? I am not quite about the question? Do you mean…? I am not quite sure what your question is.Could you address your question more specifically? What do you mean by…? I don’t known whether I have understood your question correctly.Do you mean….? b.肯定會否定的表示 Yes./I do.The answer is(not)correct/true/right… Exactly!Precisely!I think so.I think you’re right.I don’t think so.That is just what I mean.That is not what I mean.I(don’t)believe/consider/suppose/regard the viewpoint is true.Sure./Absolutely./Certainly./Definitely.No,(absolutely/certainly/definitely)not.I’m in complete agreement.I(quite)agree.I couldn’t agree more.c.正面回答

My answer(to the question)is…

To answer this question, I would like to say that… The direct/simple/brief answer to the question is… Let me answer your question by same examples of… I’d like to make a few comments on/explanation about…

I think I can give you a few general comments on/explanation about…

To comment on the question of you, I have made comparison between… and… I’d like to present/offer/give/express/state my opinion on…

In my opinion, the conclusion can be supported by the experimental result that… To answer your question, I’d like to repeat what I said just know.I think this picture will be helpful for your understanding.Here, I’d like to explain it briefly.My idea is on the basis of two points.The first is…, and the second is… I will explain by some examples.d.非正面回答

Now I can only present same estimation about that…

As far as I know, little in-depth research has bean carried out yet.I can only provide/I have only a partial answer to that question.That’s one possible explanation, but not the only one.I’m afraid it’s a bit difficult for me to present some experimental data at the moment to support the theory since my idea is mainly out of theoretical consideration.I’m afraid the question is too complicated to be answered with a few words.I’d like to discuss it with you after the session.I think the answer to the question needs some further study.I’m afraid is not within the field of the presentation.I’m not sure if what you’re saying has any relevance here.I’m not sure if what you’re saying has anything to do with our problem.I’m not sure if what you’re saying really matters in this case.I’m not sure if what you’re saying is relevant to our problem.e.無法回答時(shí)的表述

I’m sorry my experience/knowledge about your question is very limited so I think I cannot give a good answer to your question.I’m sorry I really don’t know the answer to the question.Unfortunately I cannot answer the question at the moment.I’m afraid I have no idea how to answer your question(about that).Sorry, I’m afraid I know little about that matter, so I don’t think I can answer your question right now.It’s quite difficult for me to answer that question now.I can’t really recall;I’ll have to get back to you on that.I can’t quite remember;I’ll need to do a little checking and get back to you.I can’t fully remember;I’ll have to check up on it.I can’t recall all the facts;I’ll have to get back to you.f.回答之后的表述

I wonder whether my question is helpful to you.Does that answer your question in a right way? Is my explanation clear enough? Is that what you wanted me to answer? Would anyone like to and anything(to what I’ve said)? Would anyone care to comment? Would anyone like to give their ideas on this? Would anyone care to add their thoughts(to the discussion)?

第三篇：學(xué)術(shù)會議出國報(bào)告

赴新加坡參加亞洲泌尿外科年會小結(jié)

一、基本情況

第14屆亞洲泌尿外科年會暨第30屆新加坡泌尿外科年會于2016年7月20-7月24日在新加坡新達(dá)城會展中心舉行，本次會議涉及泌尿外科腫瘤、泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)石、前列腺增生、泌尿?qū)？谱o(hù)理等臨床和基礎(chǔ)研究等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，內(nèi)容豐富，精彩不斷。

二、主要收獲與體會

本次大會在2106年7月20下午設(shè)置了腎癌專場。在腎癌的綜合診治方面，大會熱點(diǎn)如下：

首先是關(guān)于小腎癌診治方面的一場辯論賽：來自新加坡總醫(yī)院TAN Bien Soo教授的“積極監(jiān)測或者介入干預(yù)治療”PK 來自美國佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)的Benjamin CANALES教授的“不要被大小欺騙”。TAN Bien Soo教授認(rèn)為，對于年長、預(yù)期壽命較短的，和/或合并其它高危風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的臨床疾病的患者，應(yīng)采用主動監(jiān)測方法。熱消融治療被證明不優(yōu)于腎臟切除術(shù)或腎臟部分切除術(shù)。Benjamin CANALES教授則認(rèn)為小腎癌可能具有更高的惡性度并且有高致死率，無法忽略的轉(zhuǎn)移潛力。從局部復(fù)發(fā)率、腫瘤特異性生存率和無轉(zhuǎn)移生存率三個(gè)方面看，腎臟部分切除效果優(yōu)于冷凍療法和消融術(shù)。

來自新加坡國立大學(xué)腫瘤研究所的Alvin Wong教授談到轉(zhuǎn)移性腎癌分子靶向治療的10年回顧和反思。Alvin Wong教授認(rèn)為：

1、在過去10年中關(guān)于進(jìn)展期的腎癌治療方面，靶向治療的地位無可撼動。

2、近年來相繼報(bào)道有療效的免疫檢測點(diǎn)抑制劑，給腎癌患者提供了一個(gè)全新的治療方法（靶向免疫治療）。

3、治療毒性、成本和可獲得性方面值得關(guān)注。

隨后，本次UAA大會執(zhí)行主席，來自新加坡伊麗莎白諾維娜醫(yī)院Man Kay LI教授分享了關(guān)于腎癌靜脈瘤栓手術(shù)療效的分析。LI教授認(rèn)為：

1、外科手術(shù)是最好的治療方式，甚至在轉(zhuǎn)移性病灶出現(xiàn)時(shí)也是如此。

2、團(tuán)隊(duì)密切合作、默契配合非常重要。

3、存活率取決于疾病的進(jìn)展情況。

4、早期的腎癌伴下腔靜脈癌栓具有較好的治療機(jī)會。

最后，來自德國海德堡大學(xué)SLKKlinikenHeibronn醫(yī)院的Jens RASSWEIILER教授匯報(bào)了關(guān)于腹腔鏡腎臟部分切除術(shù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧——如何最小程度的缺血、最大程度的保留腎單位。談及了5點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)：

1、腹腔鏡或機(jī)器人采用經(jīng)腹腔途徑；

2、腫瘤靠近集合系統(tǒng)可置入D-J管；

3、腫瘤切除無需燒灼；

4、必要時(shí)縫合集合系統(tǒng)；

5、帶刺縫線雙層關(guān)閉。

三、下一步工作思路

本次UAA大會內(nèi)容新穎、討論熱烈，使得每位與會代表對泌尿外科的臨床微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療、分子靶向治療、以及國際爭議熱點(diǎn)論題方面均有了一個(gè)全面系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識。他山之石，可以攻玉，在接下來的臨床工作中，我也有如下思考：

1、目前在泌尿系腫瘤的綜合診治方面，微創(chuàng)手術(shù)還是絕對的主旋律，在**醫(yī)院順利引進(jìn)達(dá)芬奇機(jī)器人手術(shù)系統(tǒng)之后，我們可以進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮團(tuán)隊(duì)在泌尿系腫瘤尤其是腎癌微創(chuàng)手術(shù)方面的優(yōu)勢；

2、轉(zhuǎn)移性腎癌的靶向治療方面，我們需要進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化對患者的隨訪流程，有了自己的一手資料，才能在臨床科研方面取得長足的進(jìn)步；

3、對于整個(gè)泌尿外科團(tuán)隊(duì)而言，亞專科的分化是提高整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)水平的重要舉措。建設(shè)一個(gè)“分工明確，各有所長，團(tuán)結(jié)寫作，配合默契”的團(tuán)隊(duì)是我們下一步的工作方向。

第四篇：學(xué)術(shù)會議報(bào)告總結(jié)

中醫(yī)思維在重癥醫(yī)學(xué)中的應(yīng)用。ICU是重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科的臨床基地，其對各種原因?qū)е乱粋€(gè)或多個(gè)器官與系統(tǒng)功能障礙、危機(jī)生命或具有潛在高危因素的患者，及時(shí)提供系統(tǒng)的、高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)學(xué)監(jiān)護(hù)和救治技術(shù)，對病情進(jìn)行連續(xù)、動態(tài)的觀察，通過有效的干預(yù)措施，為重癥患者提供生命支持，改善生存質(zhì)量。通過對山東省中醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科孔立主任的授課學(xué)習(xí)，我了解到中醫(yī)思維在重癥醫(yī)學(xué)中的應(yīng)用。1注重整體觀念，整體性體現(xiàn)在生理上、病理上、診治上。2 中和思維 “中和”思想的核心是平衡與和諧，太過、不及對人體都是不利的。陰陽學(xué)說認(rèn)為，正常情況下，人體的陰陽相對平衡協(xié)調(diào)意味著健康，《素問?生氣通天論》中日“陰平陽秘，精神乃治”。針對疾病出現(xiàn)的陰陽平衡失調(diào)，治療的原則是“損其有余，補(bǔ)其不足”，“謹(jǐn)察陰陽所在而調(diào)之，以平為期”。在某種意義上，耐心也是一種美德。過度的醫(yī)療干預(yù)反而對患者產(chǎn)生不利影響。3重視胃腸功能：胃氣衰敗為各種危重病的難點(diǎn)．亦提示預(yù)后不良。所以中醫(yī)十分重視保護(hù)胃氣。大腸小腸五臟皆屬于胃，胃虛則俱病，說明胃虛導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生。4未病先防，早期發(fā)現(xiàn)高?；颊呤穷A(yù)防和控制重癥的基礎(chǔ)，早期識別是防止病情惡化的重點(diǎn)，呼吸急促是早期最重要的獨(dú)立預(yù)測指標(biāo)。從急性腎損傷到急性腎衰竭，從急性肺損傷到急性呼吸窘迫綜合征，都是漸進(jìn)性的疾病發(fā)展，早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療。對ICU患者積極保護(hù)其胃腸功能，防治腹內(nèi)高壓綜合征。治療中應(yīng)避免醫(yī)源性臟器損害如肺損傷、肝損傷、腎損傷等。總之。ICU患者病情危重且復(fù)雜，病死率高。現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)在生命支持方面具有明顯的優(yōu)勢，如機(jī)械通氣呼吸功能的支持，血液凈化腎功能的替代治療，抗生素針對病原菌的治療。中醫(yī)在這些方面雖然沒有明顯的優(yōu)勢，但針對炎癥損傷、免疫損傷、胃腸功能、凝血功能損傷的修復(fù)具有明顯的優(yōu)勢，進(jìn)行環(huán)節(jié)的干預(yù)也是研究復(fù)雜性疾病的臨床治療療效的有效方法。如何降低ICU患者病死率，提高患者生存質(zhì)量，減少器官替代，降低治療成本，是中醫(yī)藥亟待明確和解決的課題。在診治危重病時(shí)要有整體觀念、中和思維、重視胃腸功能、未病先防、早期識別意識，運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)理論結(jié)合現(xiàn)代循證醫(yī)學(xué)治療危重病值得進(jìn)一步研究。

另外，通過對其他專家的授課，我也在重癥感染的抗生素應(yīng)用原則、重癥病人的鎮(zhèn)靜鎮(zhèn)痛、重癥病人營養(yǎng)新理念、重癥創(chuàng)傷和凝血病、膿毒癥新進(jìn)展等方面有了更深的認(rèn)識和提高，這對我在以后處理重癥病人有很大的幫助和啟發(fā)。

此次學(xué)習(xí)我受益匪淺，非常感謝院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)給予這次珍貴的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會，我將以我所學(xué)更好的應(yīng)用到臨床實(shí)踐中，為醫(yī)院/科室的發(fā)展做出自己最大的貢獻(xiàn)。

第五篇：大數(shù)據(jù)學(xué)術(shù)會議報(bào)告

Big and Open Date ：Challenges for Smart City

Victoria Lopez

Victoria Lopez任教于西班牙馬德里Complutense大學(xué)，其在計(jì)算機(jī)軟件,計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù),計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò),人工智能,管理科學(xué)與工程等領(lǐng)域頗有建樹，此次學(xué)術(shù)會議是她在2014年信息學(xué)與計(jì)算進(jìn)展國際會議上的關(guān)于大數(shù)據(jù)的一次學(xué)術(shù)會議報(bào)告，她的演講題目是Challenges for Smart City，以智能城市為研究對象，闡述大數(shù)據(jù)在智能城市領(lǐng)域內(nèi)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，鞭辟入里，發(fā)人深省，引人深思。

據(jù)她介紹，在1800年，全球僅有2%的人口居住在城市，到了1950年，這個(gè)數(shù)字迅速攀升到了29%。到2025年，城市人口預(yù)計(jì)將增加到20億。當(dāng)前全世界范圍內(nèi)的城市化進(jìn)程大大加劇了氣候變化、資源短缺和交通擁堵等問題，為人類城市生活帶來一定的挑戰(zhàn)。但同時(shí)智能城市建設(shè)面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)：一是概念不清、外延不明。沒有考慮到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計(jì)算、三網(wǎng)融合、無線寬帶等新一代信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用，仍然采用以前的技術(shù)思路和模式。二是進(jìn)一步加劇了業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)的信息孤島局面，條塊分割問題是全球信息化建設(shè)的頑疾。三是信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題繼續(xù)受到冷落。大量應(yīng)用到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計(jì)算等技術(shù)，其信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題將會更多。

既是挑戰(zhàn)又是機(jī)遇，雖然面臨問題較多，但是在大數(shù)據(jù)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域中，理論性的預(yù)見已經(jīng)在相關(guān)行業(yè)成功實(shí)現(xiàn)，例如車聯(lián)網(wǎng)，車聯(lián)網(wǎng)促城市交通轉(zhuǎn)型，隨著車聯(lián)網(wǎng)等新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起，智能交通已為世界各國在高新技術(shù)發(fā)展中爭奪的一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域。它加快了城市交通向低碳綠色交通的轉(zhuǎn)型，是智慧城市建設(shè)不可或缺的一部分。大數(shù)據(jù)助力交通智能化，據(jù)介紹，在目前的城市交通體系中，公交、地鐵、出租車以及公共自行車為主要出行方式，通過GPS定位、視頻監(jiān)控以及超聲波傳感等技術(shù)，在單一某個(gè)領(lǐng)域，智能交通已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了初步開發(fā)。比如，在某些公交站，乘客已經(jīng)能提前預(yù)知下一趟公交到來的時(shí)間，乘客在打車時(shí)，通過部分手機(jī)軟件已經(jīng)能夠查詢到周邊的空出租車，這些均基于一定的數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析。

她的中心思想在于，云計(jì)算要建平臺，要有龐大的數(shù)據(jù)中心做支撐，其上是重要的關(guān)鍵業(yè)務(wù)的運(yùn)營和服務(wù)，而大數(shù)據(jù)就是構(gòu)建在云平臺上的一種‘殺手锏’的應(yīng)用，云計(jì)算是一個(gè)全新的時(shí)代，和PC時(shí)代完全不同。如何將我們的文化，我們的技術(shù)和業(yè)務(wù)模式更快的轉(zhuǎn)移到云計(jì)算，構(gòu)建起生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將是最大的挑戰(zhàn)。雖然很高興已經(jīng)有了一些發(fā)展，但是還需要相當(dāng)長的過程才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

從此次學(xué)術(shù)會議報(bào)告中我學(xué)到了如何聽取報(bào)告的相關(guān)主旨和核心思想，在這次報(bào)告中也體會到了西方學(xué)者和本國學(xué)者思考問題的異同點(diǎn)，當(dāng)然更需要的是加強(qiáng)英語學(xué)習(xí)能力和本專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)能力。