第一篇：英文演講中常使用的12類過(guò)渡詞

英文演講中常使用的12類過(guò)渡詞

在演講中，你引導(dǎo)的途徑越順暢，聽(tīng)眾的積極性就會(huì)越高。過(guò)渡是成功演講的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一，它可以使講話順利向下進(jìn)行。它是你講話思路的不斷延伸，它幫助你從原有的思想向前推進(jìn)。同時(shí)它還是一盞信號(hào)燈，告訴你的聽(tīng)眾做好進(jìn)入下一環(huán)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)備。在英文演講中，有12類不同作用的過(guò)渡詞，你可以花些時(shí)間記下來(lái)，需要用到的時(shí)候才能信手拈來(lái)。

What are speech transition words?

什么是演講中的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)?

Speech transitions are magical words and phrases that help your argument flow smoothly.They often consist of a single transition word or a short transition phrase, but occasionally form an entire sentence.In a written speech, speech transitions are generally found at the start of paragraphs.Speech transitions smooth over the boundary between two ideas, and reveal the relationship between the words just spoken and those about to be spoken.In this way, speech transitions help your audience understand your message.Types of speech transition words

演講過(guò)渡語(yǔ)的類型

There are many types of speech transitions.Each type highlights a different verbal relationship.For example, one type of transition highlights the contrast between two different ideas.Each of these types is cataloged below.For each type, we list just a few of the possible words and phrases.Can you think of others?

1.Transition between Similar Ideas or Points

過(guò)渡到相似的觀點(diǎn)

Likewise …

Similarly …

This is just like …

In a similar way …

We see the same thing if we consider …

“Speech transitions smooth over the boundary between two ideas, and reveal the relationship between the words just spoken and those about to be spoken.”

2.Transition between Contrasting Ideas or Points

過(guò)渡到相反的觀點(diǎn)

However …

Conversely …

On the contrary …

On the other side …

On the other hand …

If we flip that around …

Yet, we cannot ignore …

The opposing argument …

If we examine the opposite side, we see …

3.Transition to elaborate upon an idea

轉(zhuǎn)入對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的詳細(xì)解釋說(shuō)明

Also …

Moreover …

In addition …

Furthermore …

In other words …

Not only that, but …

4.Transition to Numbered Ideas or Points(or Process Steps)

引出多個(gè)觀點(diǎn)

First …(The first step is …)

Second …(The second step is …)

Third …(The third step is …)

Last …(The last step is …)

5.Transition to show Cause-Effect Relationship

因果關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折

Therefore …

As a result …

Consequently …

For that reason …

This is important because …

6.Transition to a Supporting Example

轉(zhuǎn)入支撐觀點(diǎn)的事例

For instance …

For example …

As an example …

To illustrate this …

What’s an example of this? …

But does this happen in real life? Yes … 7.Transition to a Supporting Demonstration

轉(zhuǎn)入支撐觀點(diǎn)的演示、展示

Now that we’ve covered the theory, let’s see it in action …

To reinforce what we’ve learned, let’s see a demonstration …

I’ve prepared a demonstration to show how this works.Let’s see a demonstration which applies what we’ve learned.“When executed well, speech transitions help make a speech understandable.When executed poorly, speech transitions can obscure meaning and frustrate audiences.”

8.Transition to a Supporting Quotation

轉(zhuǎn)入支撐觀點(diǎn)的引用語(yǔ)

X said: …

In 1968, X said: …

This idea was expressed clearly by X who said …

9.Transition from Introduction into Speech Body

從引入語(yǔ)過(guò)渡到演講正題

Let’s begin …

To get started, let’s examine …

Let’s get started talking about …

Now that we’ve given an overview, let’s start with …

10.Transition from Speech Body into Conclusion

從演講正文過(guò)渡到結(jié)束語(yǔ)

For a short speech, you might conclude with a single statement:

In short …

In summary …

In conclusion …

In a longer presentation, your conclusion might include a review of a the key points:

Let’s summarize the key lessons …

Let’s recap what we’ve covered today …

11.Transition to Another Speaker

一個(gè)講者過(guò)渡到另一個(gè)講者

In a team presentation, it is necessary to transfer control between speakers.The abrupt way to do this is to simply have one person stop talking, and then have the other person start talking.It is much smoother, however, to pass the verbal baton to the next speaker(X):

To talk about our next topic, we have X …

I’ll pass the microphone to X who will describe …

To guide us through a demonstration of this, we have X …

12.Transition Back to an Earlier Point

轉(zhuǎn)回之前的觀點(diǎn)

There are many occasions when you need to jump back to an earlier idea to add additional information.e.g.after a break, following an exercise, or returning from an unplanned interruption

Let’s return …

Let’s revisit …

Let’s go back to …

We introduced X earlier;let’s explore that further now.八類英語(yǔ)表達(dá)過(guò)渡詞整理

【網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合-英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)】

一.文章及段落起始的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ) 1.to begin with 首先

2.generally speaking總體上講 3.first of all第一,首先 4.in the first place首先

二.文章及段落結(jié)尾常用的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ) 1.therefore, thus因此 2.in conclusion最后

3.in brief, in a nutshell簡(jiǎn)言之 4.to sum up總而言之 5.in a word總之

三.常見(jiàn)的表示先后次序的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ) 1.first, second第一,第二 2.next其次,然后 3.eventually最后,最終 4.since then自此之后 5.afterward以后,隨后 6.meanwhile同時(shí) 7.therefore因而 8.immediately立刻

四.常見(jiàn)的表示因果關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ) 1.accordingly于是

2.for this reason由于這個(gè)原因 3.as a result結(jié)果 4.in this way這樣 5.consequently結(jié)果,因此 6.so所以

7.due to=owing to由于 8.because of因?yàn)?/p>

五.常用比較和對(duì)比的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ) 1.in contrast with...與之相比 2.similarly同樣 3.whereas然而 4.on the contrary相反 5.different from...與...不同 6.likewise同樣

7.equally important同樣重要 8.on the other hand另一方面

六.常用表示舉例的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ) 1.a case in point恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?2.for example舉例 3.namely=that is這就是說(shuō) 4.for instance舉例 七.有關(guān)描寫圖表的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)

1.during this time/the period在此期間 2.compared with與...相比較 3.apart from..除了...之外

4.from the above table/chart/graph根據(jù)上圖所示 八.常用表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ) 1.furthermore此外 2.moreover而且 3.besides此外 4.in fact實(shí)際上 5.also而且,也 6.indeed的確 7.again另外,還

8.in particular尤其,特別

雅思口語(yǔ)必備15種過(guò)渡詞

雅思口語(yǔ)有四個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： Fluency &Coherence(流利度與連貫性)，Grammatical Range & Accuracy(語(yǔ)法廣度及準(zhǔn)確度), Lexical Resources(詞匯范圍和準(zhǔn)確度)和Pronunciation(發(fā)音)。根據(jù)筆者觀察，學(xué)生們往往對(duì)如何提升流利度與連貫性不知所措，即便在家里把準(zhǔn)備好的材料背的滾瓜爛熟，到了考場(chǎng)也常由于緊張或者有明顯背誦的痕跡，取得一個(gè)非常糟糕的分?jǐn)?shù)。雖然在一個(gè)較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)大幅提升自己語(yǔ)言的連貫與流利不是件容易的事，但我們卻可以通過(guò)口語(yǔ)中的一些過(guò)渡詞，幫助自己消除緊張情緒。更重要的是，善于運(yùn)用口語(yǔ)中的過(guò)渡詞，可以大大消除背誦痕跡，讓自己的語(yǔ)言變得更加自然，更具有邏輯性。在雅思口語(yǔ)中，有15種過(guò)渡詞使用的頻率極高，可以幫助大家迅速提升口語(yǔ)交流的流利度與連貫性。

1.Addition(遞進(jìn))

moreover, what is more, furthermore, , let alone, additionally, not to mention(this), besides(this), in addition(to this)

真題鏈接：

Q: Do you often use the dictionary?

A: I often refer to a dictionary for some new words.Additionally, browsing the dictionary can also enlarge my vocabulary and knowledge.2.Reference(引用)

considering(this), regarding(this), as for(this), concerning(this), on the subject of(this)

真題鏈接：

Q: Is time important?

A: Well, speaking about the importance of time, there are a lot of old sayings, like ‘Time waits for no man.’;‘Time never comes back when it is gone.’

3.Example(舉例)

such as, particularly, especially, for example, like, in particular, for one thing, notably

真題鏈接：

Q: Are there any colours that have a special meaning in your country?

A: Yea, different colours stands for different meanings.For example, the white colour represents purity and dignity, and the red colour is for joy and celebration.真題鏈接：

A: What kinds of museum do you like?

Q: Well, I am really fond of some new museums with different movies, particularly, the 3D and 4D movies which give me a vivid picture of history and art.4.Similarity(相似)

similarly, in the same way, equally, likewise, as well as

真題鏈接：

Q: Do you think advertisement can help products to be sold?

A: Advertisements can help people to have a better understanding about products, in the same way, advertisements usually tell people the unique functions of the products.5.Clarification(澄清)

that is(to say), I mean,(to)put(it)another way, in other words, namely, specifically

真題鏈接：

Q: What housework do you least like doing?

A: Washing dishes has always been a pet hate(特別討厭的東西)of mine.Specifically, I feel disgusted when I put my hands in the dirty water or wipe all the food off the dishes.6.Conflict(轉(zhuǎn)折)

but, while, on the other hand, however, whereas, in contrast, conversely, still, instead

真題鏈接:

A: Do Chinese people love birds? Why?

Q: I suppose so, especially elderly people.They love to walk with their birds in the parks or gardens in the morning;on the other hand, I don’t think young guys really get a kick out of birds.7.Emphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))

even more, above all, indeed, more importantly, besides

真題鏈接：

A: Do you love studying English? Explain why.Q: As an universal language, English enables me to travel around a lot of countries in the world.More importantly, I make a lot of foreign friends and become more confident than ever.8.Concession(讓步)

but even so, even though, though, although, despite(this), in spite of(this), regardless(of this)，真題鏈接：

Q: Do you think landlines would be replaced by cell phones one day?

A: Well, cell phones have received a huge popularity among young people, but even so, landlines still have its irreplaceable strong points.Landlines have no radiation and are much cheaper than cell phones.9.Cause/Reason(原因)

since, as, in that, for the(simple)reason that, because(of the fact), seeing that, owing to(the fact)，due to(the fact that)

真題鏈接：

Q: Do you like traveling by train?

A: Yes, I like traveling by train due to the fact that it’s very convenient and fast.Moreover, I find taking trains are much safer than taking buses.10.Effect/Result(影響或結(jié)果)

consequently, hence, thus, because(of this), as a result(of this), for this reason, so that, accordingly, as a consequence, so, therefore

真題鏈接：

Q：How to protect the wild animals?

A: I believe the most efficient way is to enact laws that will make the hunting of wild animals illegal;therefore, the equilibrium of ecosystem can be maintained.

第二篇：英文寫作中常用過(guò)渡詞和句型

過(guò)渡詞在文章中發(fā)揮著連接上下文的作用，學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用過(guò)渡詞會(huì)使文章連貫、流暢。

1.常用于文章開(kāi)始的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)和句子(1)To begin with首先

例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.“首先，公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙?！?2)Generally speaking一般地說(shuō)，總體上說(shuō)

例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.“總的說(shuō)來(lái)，加大圖書館的投資是良策。”(3)First of all第一，首先

例：First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.“第一，居住在邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的許多人仍生活在貧困之中?！?4)With(the development/progress/growth)of(economy/society)...隨著(經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì))的(發(fā)展、進(jìn)步、增長(zhǎng))...例：With the development of society, women’s role has become more important than ever before in daily life.“隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，婦女在社會(huì)生活中比以往發(fā)揮著更加重要的作用?！?5)Recently近來(lái)

例：Recently，the problem(conflict, production)of grain shortage has become the world focus.“近來(lái)糧食短缺問(wèn)題已成為全球關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)?！?/p>

2.常用于文章結(jié)尾的過(guò)渡詞和句子(1)In conclusion最后，在結(jié)束時(shí)

例：In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.“最后，應(yīng)達(dá)成國(guó)際協(xié)定使世界避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)?！?2)In brief簡(jiǎn)言之 例：In brief, family planning is of vital importance in China.“簡(jiǎn)言之，計(jì)劃生育對(duì)中國(guó)具有重要意義。”(3)In a word總之

例：In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.“總之，沒(méi)有相互理解，真正的友誼是不存在的?！?4)It is high time that...到...時(shí)候了

例：It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.“為了促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展到該解決問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了?！?5)It is only when...that...只有當(dāng)...才...例：It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.“只有當(dāng)人民成為國(guó)家的主人，科學(xué)才能為人民服務(wù)?！?/p>

3.常用于表示先后次序的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)及句子

(1)first, second, third...第一，第二，第三

例：First, she had studied chemistry during her sophomore and junior years.Second, she never missed a class.Third, she performed every required experiment in all her chemistry courses.Fourth, she always worked hard.Her classmates were sure that she would win top award in Chemistry during her senior year at the university.“首先，她在一二年級(jí)時(shí)就選修了化學(xué)課程。其次，她從不誤課。再有，她認(rèn)真完成每一次化學(xué)試驗(yàn)。還有，她學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?。因而同學(xué)們確信她在高年級(jí)時(shí)會(huì)獲得學(xué)?；瘜W(xué)大獎(jiǎng)。” 1(2)To begin with...,moreover...,finally...，首先...，此外...，最后...例：There are a few reasons for his decision of studying law.To begin with, he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities.Moreover, his father is a lawyer.He has always encouraged him to do something similar.Finally, he is sure he can get a job after graduation.“他決定學(xué)法律有幾方面的原因：首先，他對(duì)社會(huì)事物感興趣，學(xué)習(xí)法律有助于他參與這些活動(dòng)。此外，他父親是個(gè)律師，一直鼓勵(lì)他從事同樣的職業(yè)。最后，他確信畢業(yè)后能找到工作?！?3)Meanwhile同時(shí)

例：Meanwhile, the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensured.“ 同時(shí)，孩子們的技藝與知識(shí)掌握得越好，今后的機(jī)會(huì)就越多。”(4)since then自此之后

例：Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.“自此之后，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)成為小國(guó)爭(zhēng)取和平和自由的工具?！?5)Therefore因而 例：Therefore, if this is included in good education that parents are seeking now, their children will be definitely ensured a bright future.“因而，如果父母?jìng)冊(cè)谄錇楹⒆觽儗で蟮牧己媒逃屑尤脒@一點(diǎn)，他們的子女肯定會(huì)有一個(gè)光輝燦爛的未來(lái)。”

4.常用于表示因果關(guān)系及分析原因的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)與句子(1)As a result由于...結(jié)果

例：Her performance in college was excellent.As a result, she has got a satisfactory job.“由于她在大學(xué)成績(jī)優(yōu)異，她找到一份令人滿意的工作?！?2)Due to由于

例：My trip to Guang Zhou and Shen Zhen has to be cancelled due to the financial problem.“由于財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題，我去廣州和深圳的旅行取消了?！?3)consequently結(jié)果，因此

例：The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that neighboring country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.“該國(guó)政府不愿冒險(xiǎn)與鄰國(guó)發(fā)生沖突，因此答應(yīng)簽署條約?！?4)One may criticize......for......，but the real cause of...lies deeper人們可以因?yàn)?..批評(píng)...，但是...的真正原因在更深層次

例：One may criticize the school authorities for the fire accident, but the real reason of the accident lies deeper.“人們可以就火災(zāi)事故批評(píng)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，但事故還有更深的原因?！?5)Among...reasons, one should be emphasized that...在眾多的原因中，其中一點(diǎn)給予強(qiáng)調(diào)...例：Among the most important reasons, one reason should be emphasized that large pieces of cultivated land have been occupied, which results in the grain shortage.“在許多重要的原因中，其中一點(diǎn)應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是造成糧食減產(chǎn)是因?yàn)榇罅康目筛乇徽加??！?/p>

5.常用于比較和對(duì)比的過(guò)渡詞(1)unlike...與...不同

例：Unlike oral English, written English is comparatively formal.“與口頭英語(yǔ)不同，筆頭英語(yǔ)比較正規(guī)?！?2)In contrast...與之相比 例：In contrast with Tom, Mario seldom studies harder.“與湯姆比，瑪里奧很少努力學(xué)習(xí)?！?3)On the other hand...另一方面

例：The life expectancy in developing countries has increased during the past thirty years.On the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from twenty percent to ten percent in the same period.“發(fā)展中國(guó)家的期望壽命在過(guò)去的30年間都增長(zhǎng)了。另一方面嬰兒死亡率同期由20%下降到10%?！?4)Likewise同樣

例：Plenty of food must be packed for the journey；likewise, warm clothes will also be needed.“要帶上旅行中吃的食品，同樣也需要帶上御寒保暖的衣服。”(5)similarly同樣

例：If only one can make his audience understood, it seems insignificant if one makes some mistakes in his oral English;similarly, as to the audience, they are only interested in grasping the meaning, not actually mind or even hardly notice the speakers mistakes.“只要能使聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)明白，在口頭英語(yǔ)中出一些錯(cuò)誤是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的，同樣作為聽(tīng)眾也只對(duì)講話者的意思感興趣，根本不介意或幾乎注意不到講話者所犯的口語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤?！?/p>

第三篇：英語(yǔ)作文中常用過(guò)渡詞和句型

1.常用于文章開(kāi)始的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)和句子

(1)To begin with首先

例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.”首先，公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙。”

(2)Generally speaking一般地說(shuō)，總體上說(shuō)

例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.”總的說(shuō)來(lái)，加大圖書館的投資是良策?！?/p>

(3)First of all第一，首先

例：First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.”第一，居住在邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的許多人仍生活在貧困之中。”

(4)With(the development/progress/growth)

of(economy/society)…隨著(經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì))的(發(fā)展、進(jìn)步、增長(zhǎng))…

例： With the development of society, women’s role has become more important than ever before in daily life.”隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，婦女在社會(huì)生活中比以往發(fā)揮著更加重要的作用?！?/p>

(5)Recently近來(lái)

例：Recently，the problem(conflict, production)of grain shortage has become the world focus.”近來(lái)糧食短缺問(wèn)題已成為全球關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。”

2.常用于文章結(jié)尾的過(guò)渡詞和句子

(1)In conclusion最后，在結(jié)束時(shí)

例：In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.”最后，應(yīng)達(dá)成國(guó)際協(xié)定使世界避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)?！?/p>

(2)In brief簡(jiǎn)言之

例：In brief, family planning is of vital importance in China.”簡(jiǎn)言之，計(jì)劃生育對(duì)中國(guó)具有重要意義?！?/p>

(3)In a word總之

例：In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.”總之，沒(méi)有相互理解，真正的友誼是不存在的?！?/p>

(4)It is high time that…到…時(shí)候了

例：It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.”為了促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展到該解決問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了?！?/p>

(5)It is only when…that…只有當(dāng)…才…

例：It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.”只有當(dāng)人民成為國(guó)家的主人，科學(xué)才能為人民服務(wù)?！?/p>

3.常用于表示先后次序的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)及句子

(1)first, second, third…第一，第二，第三

例： First, she had studied chemistry during her sophomore and junior years.Second, she never missed a class.Third, she performed every required experiment in all her chemistry courses.Fourth, she always worked hard.Her classmates were sure that she would win top award in Chemistry during her senior year at the university.”首先，她在一二年級(jí)時(shí)就選修了化學(xué)課程。其次，她從不誤課。再有，她認(rèn)真完成每一次化學(xué)試驗(yàn)。還有，她學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?。因而同學(xué)們 確信她在高年級(jí)時(shí)會(huì)獲得學(xué)?；瘜W(xué)大獎(jiǎng)?！?/p>

(2)To begin with…,moreover…,finally…，首先…，此外…，最后…

例： There are a few reasons for his decision of studying law.To begin with, he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities.Moreover, his father is a lawyer.He has always encouraged him to do something similar.Finally, he is sure he can get a job after graduation.”他決定學(xué)法律有幾方面的原因：首先，他對(duì)社會(huì)事物感興趣，學(xué)習(xí)法律有助于他參與這些活動(dòng)。此外，他父親是個(gè)律師，一直鼓勵(lì)他從事 同樣的職業(yè)。最后，他確信畢業(yè)后能找到工作。”

(3)Meanwhile同時(shí)

例：Meanwhile, the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensured.”

同時(shí)，孩子們的技藝與知識(shí)掌握得越好，今后的機(jī)會(huì)就越多?！?/p>

(4)since then自此之后

例：Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.”自此之后，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)成為小國(guó)爭(zhēng)取和平和自由的工具?！?/p>

(5)Therefore因而

例： Therefore, if this is included in good education that parents are seeking now, their children will be definitely ensured a bright future.”因而，如果父母?jìng)冊(cè)谄錇楹⒆觽儗で蟮牧己媒逃屑尤脒@一點(diǎn)，他們的子女肯定會(huì)有一個(gè)光輝燦爛的未來(lái)?！?/p>

4.常用于表示因果關(guān)系及分析原因的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)與句子

(1)As a result由于…結(jié)果

例：Her performance in college was excellent.As a result, she has got a satisfactory job.”由于她在大學(xué)成績(jī)優(yōu)異，她找到一份令人滿意的工作?！?/p>

(2)Due to由于

例：My trip to Guang Zhou and Shen Zhen has to be cancelled due to the financial problem.”由于財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題，我去廣州和深圳的旅行取消了?！?/p>

(3)consequently結(jié)果，因此

例： The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that neighboring country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.”該國(guó)政府不愿冒險(xiǎn)與鄰國(guó)發(fā)生沖突，因此答應(yīng)簽署條約?！?/p>

(4)One may criticize……for……，but the real cause of…lies deeper人們可以因?yàn)椤u(píng)…，但是…的真正原因在更深層次

例： One may criticize the school authorities for the fire accident, but the real reason of the accident lies deeper.”人們可以就火災(zāi)事故批評(píng)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，但事故還有更深的原因?！?/p>

(5)Among…reasons, one should be emphasized that…在眾多的原因中，其中一點(diǎn)給予強(qiáng)調(diào)…

例： Among the most important reasons, one reason should be emphasized that large pieces of cultivated land have been occupied, which results

in the grain shortage.”在許多重要的原因中，其中一點(diǎn)應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是造成糧食減產(chǎn)是因?yàn)榇罅康目筛乇徽加?。?/p>

5.常用于比較和對(duì)比的過(guò)渡詞

(1)unlike…與…不同

例：Unlike oral English, written English is comparatively formal.”與口頭英語(yǔ)不同，筆頭英語(yǔ)比較正規(guī)?！?/p>

(2)In contrast…與之相比

例：In contrast with Tom, Mario seldom studies harder.”與湯姆比，瑪里奧很少努力學(xué)習(xí)。”

(3)On the other hand…另一方面

例： The life expectancy in developing countries has increased during the past thirty years.On the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from twenty percent to ten percent in the same period.”發(fā)展中國(guó)家的期望壽命在過(guò)去的30年間都增長(zhǎng)了。另一方面嬰兒死亡率同期由20%下降到10%。”

(4)Likewise同樣

例：Plenty of food must be packed for the journey；likewise, warm clothes will also be needed.”要帶上旅行中吃的食品，同樣也需要帶上御寒保暖的衣服?！?/p>

(5)similarly同樣

例： If only one can make his audience understood, it seems insignificant if one makes some mistakes in his oral English;similarly, as to the audience, they are only interested in grasping the meaning, not actually mind or even hardly notice the speakers mistakes.”只要能使聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)明白，在口頭英語(yǔ)中出一些錯(cuò)誤是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的，同樣作為聽(tīng)眾也只對(duì)講話者的意思感興趣，根本不介意或幾乎注意不到講話者 所犯的口語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤?！?/p>

在高考英語(yǔ)作文中，句間過(guò)渡和段落間的過(guò)渡起著非常重要的作用。恰如其分地運(yùn)用過(guò)渡句既能體現(xiàn)作者流暢的寫作思路并能給讀者閱讀的酣暢淋漓的感覺(jué)。它是一篇好作品必不可少的組成部分。下面是一些常用的過(guò)渡句型，請(qǐng)多讀多記下列句子，以達(dá)到熟能生巧的效果。

1）To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening /To guide the matter/situation to the best advantage, it is necessary/important to…（可用于分析建議類、原因分析類等議論文）

2）In the face of……some people take the position that……/some people come to believe that……, to which I can't attach/add my consent.（可用于批駁分析類議論文）知識(shí)性說(shuō)明文等）

3）But many people feel puzzled about/over……（the changes/situation）, so this essay is intended to……（可用于批駁分析類議論文和知識(shí)性說(shuō)明文）

4）Although lots of people follow the fashion/trend, I still hold the view that ……（可用于理由陳述類議論文）

5）A comparison between these changes may be a good way to learn more about……（可用于對(duì)比說(shuō)明文）

6）This situation/phenomenon/trend/tendency is rather disturb

ing/depressing, for the opposite of it is just in line with our wishes/just what is to be expected.（可用于分析建議、批駁分析和原因分析等議論文）

7）This is what we are unwilling to see, so some way must be found out to……（可用于分析建議、對(duì)比分析、批駁分析類議論文和知識(shí)性說(shuō)明文）

8）Fortunately, however, more and more people come/begin to realize that ……（可用于分析建議、對(duì)比分析和各抒己見(jiàn)類議論文）

9）Unfortunately, things have worsened/come/developed to the point where ……（用于分析建議、原因分析、批駁分析、各抒己見(jiàn)類議論文和知識(shí)性說(shuō)明文）

10）If we take a further/colder/closer look at this problem/matter, however, more secrets/grounds/chances/ways will be found out for……（e.g.……putting it right/taking action against it/improving it）（可用于分析 建議、對(duì)比分析、原因分析等議論文和知識(shí)性說(shuō)明文）

12）But this（dis）agreement ceases to exist as soon as……（用于各抒己見(jiàn)、批駁分析、對(duì)比分析等議論文和對(duì)比說(shuō)明文）

13）Perhaps, it is ideal/high time for us to handle the question seriously.（用于分析建議、原因分析類議論文和知識(shí)性說(shuō)明文）

14）But different people hold completely different views（用于各抒己見(jiàn)類議論文和界說(shuō)性說(shuō)明文）

15)In that case, however, I prefer to……rather than……（用于理由陳述、比較分析、批駁分析類議論文和知識(shí)性說(shuō)明文）

16）（Un）Fortunately, there are still some people who act in the other way around.（用于分析建議和原因分析類議論文）

17)If this is true/the case, what accounts for such an issue（用于分析建議和原因分析等議論文）

18）The results of this survey/questionaire have aroused/drawn

nationwide / public attention/concern, which is why some great efforts are being made by our government/society.（用于分析各抒己見(jiàn)類議論文和舉例、知識(shí)性說(shuō)明文）

19）On the whole/As a whole/All in all, however, the

diverse/different/various meanings of sth.（e.g.On the whole, however, the diverse meanings of success to the people above can be boiled down to one connotation： Success is a realization of one's ideal.）

第四篇：2、英語(yǔ)寫作中常用過(guò)渡詞

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作應(yīng)試技巧講義 主講：Malcolm Tsai

英語(yǔ)寫作中常用過(guò)渡詞

1、句子寫作

（1）Coordinating conjunctions/coordinators（并列連詞）

and, but, nor, or, so, yet, however, for, as well as, both……and……, not only……but also……, either……or……, neither……nor……, nevertheless,（2）Subordinating conjunctions/subordinators（從屬連詞）

after, as long as, if, in so far as, since, because, in case, in order that, as, before, once, as if, every time, till, provided(that), so(that), now that, until, while, though, although, unless, when, lest, whereas,（3）Other connective words（其它連接詞）

what, which, that, how, who, whose, where, when, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, wherever，2、段落寫作

（1）Time（時(shí)間）

after a short time, after a long time, at the same time, at last, before, then, lately, meanwhile, nowadays, shortly, recently, afterwards, since, now then, during, in due time, temporarily, presently, thereafter, after a while, afterward, again, also, and, then, as long as, at last, at length, at that time, before, besides, earlier, eventually, finally, formerly, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, in the past, last lately, meanwhile, moreover, next now, presently, second, shortly, simultaneously, since, so far, soon still, subsequently, then, thereafter, too, until, until now, when, as, while（2）Sequence（順序）

first of all, last of all, to begin with, at the end of, in the first place, in the second place, at length, last, lastly, eventually, next, firstly, secondly, first, second, etc.（3）Location（方位）

adjacent to, at the top, at the right, to the right, in the distance, far behind, far ahead, in the centre, nearby, in front of, opposite, straight, ahead, etc.（4）Argumentation（議論）

additionally, in addition, in addition to, and then, again, moreover, too, further, besides, further, furthermore, still, etc.（5）Comparison（比較）

in the same way, in the same fashion, in a similar manner, in a like manner, likewise, similarly, also, equally, again, in comparison, likewise, similarly, equally, however, likewise, in the same way（6）Contrast（對(duì)比）

in contrast, not withstanding, on the other hand, on the contrary, despite this, in spite of, otherwise, nevertheless, however, yet, fortunately, all this may be true, etc.（7）Demonstration（證明）

as a matter of fact, in fact that, as an example, for instance, to illustrate this, in other words, particularly, specifically, incidentally, etc.（8）Result（結(jié)果）

as a result, for this reason, accordingly, consequently, eventually, thereby, therefore, hence, thus, then, etc.（9）Purpose（目的）

for this purpose, for this reason, for a variety of reasons, with this objection, objectively, subjectively, etc.（10）Conclusion（結(jié)論/總結(jié)）

as I have said, as can be seen, as shown above, as a result, as noted, as stated, in conclusion, on the whole, indeed, thus, it goes without saying that, in summary, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, to conclude, in fact, 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作應(yīng)試技巧講義 主講：Malcolm Tsai

indeed, in short, in other words, of course, it is true specially, namely, in all, that is to summarize, thus, as has been said, altogether, in other words, finally, in simpler terms, in particular, that is, on the whole, to put it differently, therefore（11）Further logic表層進(jìn)或進(jìn)一步羅列

first, firstly, to begin with, second, secondly, to start with, third, thirdly, what‘s more, also, and then, and, equally important, besides, in addition, further, in the first place, still, furthermore, last, last but not the least, next, besides, too, moreover, finally（12）Examples or illustration表舉例

for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, after all

（13）Explanation表解釋

as a matter of fact, frankly speaking, in this case, namely, in other words

（14）Emphasis表強(qiáng)調(diào)

of course, indeed, above all, most important, emphasis certainly, in fact（15）Concession表讓步

still, nevertheless, in spite of, all the same, even so, after all, concession granted, naturally, of course（16）Point-turning logic表轉(zhuǎn)折

by contrast although, at the same time, but, in contrast, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though, yet, despite the fact that, even so, even though, for all that, however, in spite of, instead

第五篇：串詞演講類

串詞演講類答題方法

串詞類試題作為公務(wù)員面試題的形式之一，在公務(wù)員面試的題型中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。常見(jiàn)試題形式為給出5個(gè)左右的詞匯，其中包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等不同詞性的詞語(yǔ)，實(shí)詞較多，虛詞較少，而詞語(yǔ)之間基本沒(méi)有任何關(guān)聯(lián)，要求用這幾個(gè)詞語(yǔ)串連成一段話或者一個(gè)完整的故事，詞語(yǔ)順序不分先后。

很多考生在面試實(shí)戰(zhàn)中能對(duì)各種發(fā)表見(jiàn)解類、作出舉措類的面試題做到靈活應(yīng)對(duì)，不僅思路清晰而且旁征博引，但唯獨(dú)在串詞類試題面前頗顯無(wú)奈，甚至出現(xiàn)有的考生由于實(shí)在難以自圓其說(shuō)而放棄回答，在面試這一關(guān)，被關(guān)在了公務(wù)員的大門之外。

有些考生感覺(jué)串詞類試題過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，而且每道題都是不同的詞語(yǔ)，根本沒(méi)有規(guī)律或套路可尋，所以對(duì)串詞類試題沒(méi)有進(jìn)行專門的訓(xùn)練。其實(shí)這種認(rèn)識(shí)是錯(cuò)誤的。

串詞題并不簡(jiǎn)單

串詞類試題的考察內(nèi)容非常深刻、豐富，包括創(chuàng)新能力、預(yù)見(jiàn)力、想象力、評(píng)價(jià)能力，同時(shí)根據(jù)考生設(shè)定的故事情節(jié)或者一段話的主題，側(cè)面考察考生的知識(shí)面、價(jià)值觀、人生觀、社會(huì)閱歷以及政治思想高度等。

換句話說(shuō)，須有較強(qiáng)的綜合能力和開(kāi)闊的視野，才具備攻克串詞類試題的基本素質(zhì)。

很多考生將串詞類試題直接理解為“串成一句話”，生硬地將幾個(gè)詞語(yǔ)連在一個(gè)句子里，沒(méi)有任何情節(jié)和主題。答題的過(guò)程本是你展示自己的過(guò)程，也是考官考察你能力的過(guò)程，如此單純地為了“串詞”而“串詞”是沒(méi)有任何意義的，不僅沒(méi)有證明你的優(yōu)勢(shì)，反而使考官對(duì)你的綜合能力產(chǎn)生懷疑。

考生應(yīng)該記住，每道試題都是你展示自己的小舞臺(tái)，是你和考官雙向交流的平臺(tái)，每一次機(jī)會(huì)都應(yīng)好好把握，細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗。對(duì)串詞類試題如果切入點(diǎn)到位，可以說(shuō)是考生最能自由展示自己能力和風(fēng)貌的題型。

考生因?yàn)椴荒馨盐沾~類試題的破題技巧，回答過(guò)于機(jī)械、簡(jiǎn)單、粗糙，以至于沒(méi)給自己一點(diǎn)發(fā)揮的空間，很難在答題中凸現(xiàn)自己的獨(dú)特之處，甚至有的考生在面試中最怕遇見(jiàn)的就是這類試題。

串詞類破題絕招 / 9

從某種意義上說(shuō)串詞類試題是各類試題中最難做好的，因?yàn)樗粌H需要發(fā)散思維、想象能力和博聞強(qiáng)記，且題目沒(méi)有規(guī)律性，無(wú)法套用前題的答題思路，讓很多考生無(wú)所適從。其實(shí)，串詞類試題的題目雖然沒(méi)有規(guī)律性，但解答此類試題卻是有捷徑可尋的?？忌莆涨逦钠祁}套路，通過(guò)加強(qiáng)的練習(xí)，一定可以迅速提高應(yīng)對(duì)此類試題的能力。

一、破題三招：

(一)以故事帶詞——情節(jié)取勝

抓取關(guān)鍵詞確立故事的主題或主要情節(jié)，故事的四個(gè)要素：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件，然后隨著故事情節(jié)的展開(kāi)，將題目所給詞匯自然而然地貫穿進(jìn)去。故事流暢自然是第一拿分點(diǎn)。

例1：饑餓，光線，懷疑，房屋，啟發(fā)

【破題切入點(diǎn)】抓取關(guān)鍵詞“饑餓”“啟發(fā)”可以確立這樣一個(gè)故事主干：某個(gè)青年人創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗，備受打擊，甚至還要忍受饑餓，曾一度陷入自我懷疑的困境，后偶然從暗夜中房屋遙遠(yuǎn)射來(lái)的光線獲得啟發(fā)，明白即使是豆粒大的一點(diǎn)光，一樣可以為他人帶來(lái)光明。只要有一點(diǎn)光，一點(diǎn)希望就不能放棄。后該年青人終于奮斗成功。

(二)打動(dòng)考官——攻心記

精心選取一些扣人心弦的情節(jié)或畫面給考官的心靈以精微的觸動(dòng)。實(shí)際生活中曾感動(dòng)自己的細(xì)節(jié)或者比較能警醒人、振奮人、打動(dòng)人的一些經(jīng)典主題，都將成為串詞類考題中的亮點(diǎn)，幫你將自己塑造成一個(gè)思想深刻且對(duì)生活有獨(dú)特認(rèn)識(shí)的人。

例2：洪水，新聞，迅速，浪漫，情懷

【破題切入點(diǎn)】由“洪水”“浪漫”可以確立一個(gè)十分打動(dòng)人心故事主題：某地山洪爆發(fā)，一新聞?dòng)浾叩谝粫r(shí)間迅速趕到受災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，后為搶救落水群眾，不幸被洪水奪走了生命，她的新婚妻子在本該是浪漫的新婚蜜月的日子里，送走了自己的愛(ài)人。雖然悲痛難當(dāng)，但丈夫?qū)θ嗣袢罕娬鎿吹那閼焉钌畹馗腥局?，使她也自愿投入到抗洪一線的救援行動(dòng)中。

主題帶有悲情色彩并弘揚(yáng)了奉獻(xiàn)精神，考官一定會(huì)對(duì)你留下深刻印象。

(三)立意深刻——高度至上 / 9

故事或一段話所蘊(yùn)涵的思想和情操要有高度，這直接體現(xiàn)你個(gè)人的思想認(rèn)識(shí)和品格。應(yīng)樹(shù)立積極樂(lè)觀，有一定教育意義的中心思想，對(duì)一般的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象能提升到理論高度，或以頌揚(yáng)某種優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)為基調(diào)。所編的故事要能引人思考，或者就某一現(xiàn)象樹(shù)立自己鮮明的觀點(diǎn)。

常用立意：浪子回頭、父母親情、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部關(guān)心群眾、由現(xiàn)象作感悟或評(píng)價(jià)等，也可以與你所報(bào)考的職位相聯(lián)系，借機(jī)展示自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)和抱負(fù)。

例3：網(wǎng)絡(luò)，出現(xiàn)，舉行，繁榮，阻撓

【破題切入點(diǎn)】迅速抓取“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”、“阻撓”兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，可以將本段話的中心立意為：網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)管與法制化管理過(guò)程中，執(zhí)法部門與不法網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)吧進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)法制化管理的進(jìn)步意義。

參考事件梗概：市法制辦于昨日舉行了《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法制化管理》的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，近期將對(duì)目前出現(xiàn)的各種形式的利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的行為進(jìn)行集中專項(xiàng)打擊。網(wǎng)絡(luò)本是為人民、為經(jīng)濟(jì)、為社會(huì)服務(wù)的工具，正確利用可以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、社會(huì)進(jìn)步，如果被犯罪分子利用則會(huì)影響社會(huì)秩序的穩(wěn)定，阻撓我國(guó)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)的順利進(jìn)行。

破題套路真題點(diǎn)睛

一、解題套路：

1.明確事件

抓取與某事件具有一定關(guān)聯(lián)性的詞匯，確立事件和主要情節(jié)。如：洪水——搶險(xiǎn);阻撓——法制建設(shè);面試——應(yīng)聘過(guò)程

2.明確人物

選取與某職業(yè)具有較大對(duì)應(yīng)性的詞匯，根據(jù)已明確的事件，確立能展開(kāi)有一定情節(jié)的比較有代表性的人物。

如：新聞——記者;數(shù)碼相機(jī)——攝影家;車站——乘務(wù)員

3.明確中心思想

根據(jù)人物和所展開(kāi)的情節(jié)，明確從所講述的事件中應(yīng)該提煉或頌揚(yáng)一種什么精神，或者你會(huì)就該事件發(fā)表怎樣的評(píng)價(jià)。/ 9

需要注意的是，這破題三招可以根據(jù)具體的題目變換順序，比如有的題目體現(xiàn)人物的詞匯比較明顯(新聞——記者)，就可以先確定人物后展開(kāi)情節(jié)，也有的題比較容易確定中心思想(繁榮——和諧社會(huì)建設(shè))，所以考生應(yīng)根據(jù)具體題目選擇最快的破題方式，根據(jù)自己的解題思路選取發(fā)揮空間最大的切入點(diǎn)。

二、真題點(diǎn)睛

1.公務(wù)員、作風(fēng)、群眾、滿意(國(guó)家公務(wù)員真題)

【解題思路】

(1)確立事件梗概：某公務(wù)員工作作風(fēng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)務(wù)實(shí)，及時(shí)解決了人民群眾生活中遇到的某一困難或緊急情況，贏得了群眾的滿意。

(2)故事人物可以是國(guó)家某機(jī)關(guān)或部門的一名公務(wù)員。

(3)故事情節(jié)：假設(shè)人民群眾生活中遇到了一些緊急情況或困難情況，該名公務(wù)員快速獲知信息，進(jìn)行有效協(xié)調(diào)，最終圓滿地化解了出現(xiàn)的危機(jī)或困難。如：處理群眾上訪事件、居民區(qū)斷水?dāng)嚯?、民工子女入學(xué)困難等問(wèn)題。(根據(jù)情節(jié)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充)

(4)中心思想：弘揚(yáng)全心全意為人民服務(wù)的宗旨，凸現(xiàn)行政以人為本。

(5)也可以假設(shè)你自己成為一名公務(wù)員以后，以怎樣的工作作風(fēng)去處理公務(wù)和人民群眾遇到的困難，做一名組織放心、人民滿意的人民公仆。

救命錦囊

此錦囊是給那些情緒較緊張實(shí)在找不到解題思路的考生，或者遇到極難的題短時(shí)間內(nèi)難易破題的時(shí)候才能出招。建議一般情況下不要輕易使用，原因有兩點(diǎn)：第一，通用公式，局限性較大，無(wú)法最大限度發(fā)揮你的實(shí)力;第二，創(chuàng)新性降低，再加上今年公務(wù)員面試采取統(tǒng)一試題，可能會(huì)與其他采用此戰(zhàn)術(shù)的考生答案雷同，可能會(huì)影響你在考官心目中的形象。

當(dāng)然，如果你能在通用公式的框架內(nèi)，盡量發(fā)散自己的思維，舉鮮活的事例來(lái)論證，也可以規(guī)避雷同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

第一公式：網(wǎng)絡(luò) / 9

21世紀(jì)是網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代，通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)我們可以最便捷地獲知自己所需要的各種信息。比如：……(把題目中所給詞匯作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供的信息內(nèi)容一一帶入)等，可謂網(wǎng)羅天下、無(wú)所不包?？萍紕?chuàng)新促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，提高了人民群眾的生活質(zhì)量，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)確實(shí)對(duì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展起到了推動(dòng)的作用，但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響也不可小視。比如未成年人被不健康網(wǎng)站毒害，走上犯罪道路，或多種利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的形式出現(xiàn)等。這就要求我們正確駕馭高科技，認(rèn)識(shí)到事物的兩面性，在享受高科技帶來(lái)的好處時(shí)不要忘記規(guī)避它帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。

第二公式：書籍

高爾基說(shuō)：書籍是人類進(jìn)步的階梯。讀書是人類了解這個(gè)世界，開(kāi)闊眼界，充實(shí)自我的最快捷的方式。通過(guò)讀書你可以獲知一切你想知道的和你沒(méi)有想到的知識(shí)，比如：……(把題目中所給詞匯作為書籍提供的知識(shí)內(nèi)容一一帶入)。人常說(shuō)：開(kāi)卷有益。讀書確實(shí)對(duì)一個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)有巨大影響，但是這影響不只是積極的、正面的。如果讀書、選書時(shí)不注意甄別優(yōu)劣，對(duì)良莠不齊的書籍一概來(lái)者不拒，也很可能會(huì)阻礙一個(gè)人的健康成長(zhǎng)。所以我認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該說(shuō)優(yōu)秀的書籍是人類進(jìn)步的階梯。

第三公式：朋友

人際交往是人們社會(huì)生活的重要內(nèi)容之一，每一個(gè)人，都希望善于交往、都希望通過(guò)交往拓展自己的生活圈、工作圈以及見(jiàn)識(shí)和眼界。朋友是我看世界的另一個(gè)窗口，不同的朋友為我打開(kāi)了各行各業(yè)、形形色色的窗口，關(guān)于大千世界的林林總總便撲面而來(lái)：……(把題目中所給詞匯作為朋友提供的見(jiàn)聞和知識(shí)一一帶入)等。這些見(jiàn)聞和知識(shí)以我個(gè)人的能力和視野是不太容易觸及到的，所以我覺(jué)得朋友是打開(kāi)人生大境界的一扇門。當(dāng)然，朋友要慎交。交良師益友可以幫你打開(kāi)知識(shí)的門、幸福的門、事業(yè)的門，然而，一旦交友不慎，就可能被不良思想和習(xí)氣感染，墮入泥潭。

即興演講類試題應(yīng)用性較強(qiáng)，具有綜合程度高、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)意識(shí)強(qiáng)、壓力強(qiáng)度大等特點(diǎn)，增加了答題難度，對(duì)考生的實(shí)踐能力和語(yǔ)言能力提出了更高的要求。在公務(wù)員面試中通常作為壓軸的題型，需要引起考生的重視。

即興演講類試題融合了多種試題的特點(diǎn)，是對(duì)諸多測(cè)評(píng)要素的綜合考查，幾乎將結(jié)構(gòu)化面試題型中所有的考查重點(diǎn)囊括在內(nèi)。這表明公務(wù)員招考越來(lái)越重視個(gè)性表達(dá)與雙向溝通的命題趨勢(shì)。面試雖然由用人單位主持，但參加面試者并不完全處于被動(dòng)地位，通過(guò)即興演講的方式可以為考生創(chuàng)造自我表現(xiàn)的良好機(jī)會(huì)，意味著考生在接受考官的觀察和測(cè)試的同時(shí)，也將面試作為一個(gè)展現(xiàn)個(gè)性才華和敏銳思維的平臺(tái)，彰顯出公務(wù)員招考面試的人性化與靈活性。/ 9

即興演講題所涉及到的考查要素很多，九大測(cè)評(píng)要素均有所體現(xiàn)，且多為復(fù)合式命題。但重點(diǎn)考查的是以下幾個(gè)方面：語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力、邏輯思維能力、自我認(rèn)知與表達(dá)能力、自我情緒控制能力。下面，專家就為考生支招，破解面試即興演講玄機(jī)，幫助考生拿到高分。

一、從形式方面而言，考生要注意結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性：標(biāo)題—開(kāi)頭—主體—結(jié)尾

1.標(biāo)題要簡(jiǎn)潔洗練，辭約旨達(dá)

即興演講無(wú)論是命題式還是開(kāi)放式，都需要有個(gè)明確的標(biāo)題。中公教育專家在教學(xué)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，不少考生在回答時(shí)忽略標(biāo)題的重要作用，這是非常失策的做法。除了角色扮演情景對(duì)話可以省略外，其他情況都可以用詞語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)約而主旨通達(dá)的標(biāo)題來(lái)提升表達(dá)效果，一個(gè)好的標(biāo)題好于百字冗余的贅述。

2.破題要準(zhǔn)確深入，開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山

好的開(kāi)端是成功的一半。瑞士作家溫克勒說(shuō)：“演講的開(kāi)篇有兩項(xiàng)任務(wù)：一是建立說(shuō)者與聽(tīng)者的同感;二是如字義所釋，打開(kāi)場(chǎng)面，引入正題。”優(yōu)秀的演講者，都能深刻體會(huì)到在開(kāi)篇用最簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言、最經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)間，把聽(tīng)眾的注意力和興奮點(diǎn)吸引過(guò)來(lái)的重要性。公務(wù)員面試中的演講題目也不例外，考生如果能夠做到開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，一開(kāi)講就切入正題，避免拖沓和冗長(zhǎng)，那么就會(huì)早早抓住考官的眼球和注意力，給考官留下良好的印象。

開(kāi)篇的方法很多，但即興演講效果較好的有兩種。A.開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，直接破題。用幾句精煉規(guī)范的話把對(duì)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)準(zhǔn)確地表述出來(lái)，用精辟的觀點(diǎn)樹(shù)立演講的門面。世界上很多著名的政治家、國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的演講都是這樣的。B.引經(jīng)據(jù)典，巧做鋪墊。許多優(yōu)秀的演講在切入正題之前，經(jīng)常先引用一件小事、一個(gè)比喻、一個(gè)設(shè)問(wèn)或者軼事傳聞，與演講的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行巧妙的銜接。

3.論證要逐層深入，環(huán)環(huán)相扣

這是演講的重點(diǎn)部分，也是充分展示考生認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題能力的部分。針對(duì)面試演講的特點(diǎn)，要求考生在闡述問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中，一定要處理好思路的起承轉(zhuǎn)合。換句話說(shuō)，考生要力求用清晰的層次、自然的過(guò)渡、鮮明的節(jié)奏，展示出自身邏輯思維的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題的深刻性，從而達(dá)到環(huán)環(huán)相扣，逐層深入的效果。

4.結(jié)尾要簡(jiǎn)潔有力，卒章顯志

演講的開(kāi)篇非常重要，同樣演講的結(jié)尾也是不可忽視的。如果一個(gè)演講過(guò)程在開(kāi)篇時(shí)候引人入勝，結(jié)尾時(shí)候讓人振奮，那么這個(gè)演講的效果肯定是美妙的。美國(guó)作家約翰?沃爾夫說(shuō)：“演講最好在聽(tīng)眾興趣到高潮時(shí)果斷收束，未盡時(shí)戛然而止?！苯Y(jié)尾是演講內(nèi)容的自然收束。言簡(jiǎn)意賅、余音繞梁的結(jié)尾能夠使考官精神振奮，而松散拖沓、枯燥無(wú)味的結(jié)尾則只能使考官感到味同嚼蠟。所以，考生在結(jié)束演講的時(shí)候，一定不要啰嗦，要用具有號(hào)召性、鼓動(dòng)性的語(yǔ)言果斷結(jié)束，讓考官的情緒一直保留在意猶未盡中。

即興演講的形式和內(nèi)容是辨證統(tǒng)一的，二者相輔相成。演講框架構(gòu)建非常重要，演講的內(nèi)容同樣不容忽視，就如同骨架之外還需要肌肉皮膚的充實(shí)才會(huì)豐滿一樣。

二、對(duì)于即興演講的內(nèi)容方面，專家給出以下建議

首先，觀點(diǎn)鮮明深刻，條理清晰。/ 9

即興演講的觀點(diǎn)正確、鮮明、深刻，是演講內(nèi)容最基本的要求，同時(shí)也顯示著演講者對(duì)客觀事物認(rèn)識(shí)和分析的深度和力度。所以，中公教育專家建議考生在演講的時(shí)候，一定要盡量確定一個(gè)鮮明正確的主題或者觀點(diǎn)，切忌浮在問(wèn)題的表面，泛泛而談。

其次，感情真摯自然，有感而發(fā)。

如果演講過(guò)程中缺少了真摯感情自然流露，那么考生的演講絕對(duì)不是成功的。這就要求考生在表達(dá)上注意感情色彩，把說(shuō)理、舉例、抒情有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)，既有精辟的分析，又有熱情的鼓動(dòng)，讓愛(ài)與憎發(fā)自肺腑，而不是牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)的無(wú)病呻吟。只有做到真摯感情的自然流露，考生才會(huì)與考官產(chǎn)生共鳴，才能拉近與考官的距離，才能感染考官。

另外，語(yǔ)言流暢通順，機(jī)智詼諧。

語(yǔ)言是人們傳遞信息、交流思想、表達(dá)情感的工具，而演講又是語(yǔ)言的藝術(shù)。公務(wù)員面試中的即興演講準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間很短，不可能做到字斟句酌，文華辭美。因此如果考生能做到用詞精煉準(zhǔn)確、表述流暢通順，就符合要求了。在此基礎(chǔ)上稍加潤(rùn)色就可以脫穎而出了。

寫文章講究“鳳頭豬肚豹尾”，對(duì)即興演講來(lái)說(shuō)同樣適用。清晰的層次結(jié)構(gòu)、鞭辟入里的分析、華麗的旁征博引，都能為考生很好的加分。但考場(chǎng)上短時(shí)間內(nèi)不可能寫出字斟句酌的演講稿，就需要考生在平時(shí)多加訓(xùn)練，列出提綱，至少做到對(duì)講稿的框架了然于胸，在此基礎(chǔ)上有所發(fā)揮，爭(zhēng)取更加精彩的表現(xiàn)。

一、演講類試題應(yīng)重點(diǎn)備考

演講類試題是國(guó)家公務(wù)員招錄面試的重要題型之一，2009年1月21日上午外交部面試第一道題就是做一個(gè)3分鐘的演講。

演講的題目是二選一：

1.關(guān)于人才的話題。引用了圣西門的一段話，大意如下：如果法國(guó)沒(méi)有了100位哲學(xué)家、科學(xué)家、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、教育家、作家和工程師，那么法國(guó)就會(huì)成為一具僵尸；如果沒(méi)了100個(gè)王公貴族、主教、將軍、省長(zhǎng)和財(cái)主，那么對(duì)法國(guó)影響不大。

2.給出了一首詩(shī)，論證“蓮花和淤泥的關(guān)系”。

第一道題側(cè)重考察考生的分析能力，由人物的身份推出其所代表的領(lǐng)域和階層，最終對(duì)不同階層的重要作用進(jìn)行深入淺出的比較。

而第二道題則是典型的哲理論證題。

從外交部的試題可以看出，采用了給出材料讓考生自己分析自擬題目演講的形式，明顯出題的形式已經(jīng)比原有形式復(fù)雜化，考生需要具備一定的邏輯思維、發(fā)散思維和辨證思維才能更準(zhǔn)確的破題，才能做出邏輯嚴(yán)密的演講。

所謂管中窺豹，今年國(guó)家公務(wù)員面試對(duì)于演講類面試題的重視可見(jiàn)一斑。這也說(shuō)明政府對(duì)于公務(wù)員的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力及臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)對(duì)能力提出了更高的要求。所以，正在進(jìn)行國(guó)家公務(wù)員面試備考的考生們，千萬(wàn)要對(duì)演講類試題格外留心，以免大意失荊州。/ 9

二、演講類試題五大類型

演講的結(jié)構(gòu)分開(kāi)頭、主體、結(jié)尾三個(gè)部分，其結(jié)構(gòu)原則與一般文章的結(jié)構(gòu)原則大致一樣。但是，由于演講是具有時(shí)間性和空間性的活動(dòng)，因而演講的結(jié)構(gòu)還具有其自身的特點(diǎn)，尤其是它的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾有特殊的要求。

下面京佳王冰老師為考生們提供一些建議性的思路，希望可以幫助考生迅速破題，決勝考場(chǎng)。

（一）命題（給出論點(diǎn)）演講

真題例題：請(qǐng)以誠(chéng)信為題發(fā)表一段三分鐘的演講。黃金演講結(jié)構(gòu)：

第一，談?wù)J識(shí)。闡述對(duì)論點(diǎn)（誠(chéng)信）的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。

第二，樹(shù)論點(diǎn)?？偸瞿骋挥^點(diǎn)的正確性（即闡述誠(chéng)信的重要意義）。第三，擺論據(jù)，證明觀點(diǎn)。（可以三鹿企業(yè)無(wú)誠(chéng)信破產(chǎn)為例）

第四，扣題目，小升華。任何一個(gè)演講都不能就事論事，而應(yīng)該在最后的呼應(yīng)題目的結(jié)尾部分對(duì)論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行升華。（誠(chéng)信對(duì)于個(gè)人、企業(yè)以及社會(huì)的發(fā)展都具有重要意義，從而升華到誠(chéng)信社會(huì)的建設(shè)層次）

（二）就職演講

真題例題：在單位歡迎新人的迎新會(huì)上，作為新人，請(qǐng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)模擬一下你的發(fā)言。黃金演講結(jié)構(gòu)： 第一，問(wèn)好。

第二，談走上這一崗位，走進(jìn)這一集體榮譽(yù)感。

第三，自我介紹（包括性格、工作經(jīng)歷、做人原則、工作原則等等），并與對(duì)日后工作的期待相聯(lián)系。比如：我性格比較開(kāi)朗樂(lè)于交友，相信同事們很快能了解到這一點(diǎn)，也相信我和各位同事能迅速打成一片，與良師益友和諧相處。

第四，談自己對(duì)工作的打算。第五，前景展望。第六，道謝。

（三）活動(dòng)致辭 / 9 真題例題：在與兄弟單位的經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流會(huì)上，你作為會(huì)議主持人要發(fā)言，請(qǐng)問(wèn)你怎么說(shuō)。黃金演講結(jié)構(gòu)：

第一，問(wèn)好。對(duì)兄弟單位的到來(lái)表示歡迎和感謝。

第二，簡(jiǎn)單介紹本次活動(dòng)的日程安排。第三，談本題活動(dòng)的目的和意義。第四，預(yù)祝大會(huì)成功。

（四）根據(jù)材料自擬題目或自定中心進(jìn)行演講。

此類試題其實(shí)就是命題演講，只是考官在把命題的環(huán)節(jié)交給了考生。所以，此類試題還是按照命題類演講去回答。需要請(qǐng)考生注意的是，觀點(diǎn)的確立要多運(yùn)用逆向思維和創(chuàng)新思維，不要依賴慣性思維答題，否則會(huì)落入俗套，無(wú)法談出具有個(gè)人特色的見(jiàn)解。

以上是王冰老師給于考生的一些建議性思路，希望能幫助考生激活思維、創(chuàng)新思路，只有能舉一反

三、活學(xué)活用的考生才能真正從這些答題結(jié)構(gòu)中汲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)。

中國(guó)有句古話叫“授人以魚不如授人以漁”，說(shuō)的是傳授給人既有知識(shí)，不如傳授給人學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的方法。

道理雖然很簡(jiǎn)單，但是卻意味深長(zhǎng)。魚是目的，釣魚是手段，一條魚能解一時(shí)之饑，卻不能解長(zhǎng)久之饑，如果想永遠(yuǎn)有魚吃，那就要學(xué)會(huì)釣魚的方法。

如果在人生的道路上，永遠(yuǎn)左右逢源，就必須學(xué)會(huì)開(kāi)源的方法。/ 9