第一篇:國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)習(xí)題集(考試范圍)
第二章
商品的對外報價
一、單項選擇
1.就賣方承擔(dān)的貨物風(fēng)險而言,()
(A)E組術(shù)語最小,F(xiàn)組其次,最大是C組和D組(B)D組術(shù)語最小,F(xiàn)組和C組其次,E組術(shù)語最大(C)D組術(shù)語最大,E組術(shù)語其次,F(xiàn)組和C組最?。―)E組術(shù)語最小,F(xiàn)組和C組其次,D組最大 2.采用CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語,應(yīng)由()
(A)買方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙和保險(B)賣方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙和保險
(C)由買方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙,賣方負(fù)責(zé)保險(D)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙,買方負(fù)責(zé)保險 3.CIF LANDED(CIF卸到岸上)貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交,買賣雙方的風(fēng)險劃分界限為()
(A)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷(B)貨物在目的港越過船舷(C)貨物交到目的港的碼頭(D)貨物交給承運(yùn)人 4.DAF貿(mào)易術(shù)語()(A)只適合于公路運(yùn)輸(B)只適合于鐵路運(yùn)輸
(C)只適合于鐵路和公路運(yùn)輸(D)可適合于各種運(yùn)輸方式
5.國際貿(mào)易中,由買方負(fù)責(zé)出口清關(guān)手續(xù),并承擔(dān)起相關(guān)費(fèi)用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語是()
(A)FCA(B)FAS(C)EXW(D)FOB
6.采用FOB貿(mào)易術(shù)語,貨物由程租船運(yùn)輸時,如果買方不愿意承擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi)用,應(yīng)選用()(A)FOB LINER TERMS(B)FOB UNDER TACKLE(C)FOB TRIMMED(D)FOB GROSS TERMS 7.制定關(guān)于貿(mào)易術(shù)語的國際貿(mào)易慣例的目的是()
(A)提供可使用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(B)成為交易雙方的習(xí)慣做法(C)統(tǒng)一對貿(mào)易術(shù)語的解釋(D)形成國際貿(mào)易法 8.《2000年通則》解釋的貿(mào)易術(shù)語有()
(A)6種(B)9種(C)13種(D)14種 9.裝運(yùn)合同是指()
(A)按F組和C組貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交的合同(B)按E組和D組貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交的合同(C)按C組和D組貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交的合同(D)按D組貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交的合同 10.按DES成交,根據(jù)需要加保各種特殊附加險的是()
(A)買方(B)賣方(C)承運(yùn)人(D)運(yùn)輸代理人 11.在EXW條件下,貨物被禁止出口的風(fēng)險由()
(A)買方負(fù)擔(dān)(B)賣方負(fù)擔(dān)(C)承運(yùn)人負(fù)擔(dān)(D)運(yùn)輸代理人負(fù)擔(dān) 12.朝鮮某公司需以管道運(yùn)輸方式從我國進(jìn)口石油,可采用()(A)FAS(B)CIP(C)DEQ(D)CIF 13.如果某商品出口價格為每公噸1,000 美元CIFD2%香港,折實售價為()。(A)20 美元(B)200 美元(C)980 美元(D)98 美元
14.進(jìn)口某商品需用匯60,000 美元,設(shè)購匯當(dāng)日外匯牌價為USD1=RMB¥6.8125/6.8399,需用人民幣()。
(A)410394 元(B)408750 元(C)4103940 元(D)4087500 元
15.某商品原報價每噸800 英鎊FOBC2%上海,現(xiàn)客戶要求傭金增至5%,若不減少外匯收入,應(yīng)改報為每噸()英鎊。
(A)784(B)825(C)785(D)824
二、判斷題
1.采用CIF貿(mào)易術(shù)語,賣方要辦理保險、支付保險費(fèi),而采用CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語,保險責(zé)任及保險費(fèi)由買方承擔(dān),可見,對賣方而言,采用CIF貿(mào)易術(shù)語較采用CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語風(fēng)險大。()
2.CIF LANDED與CIF的主要區(qū)別在于,前者的賣方除了要承擔(dān)貨物到達(dá)目的港的風(fēng)險和正常的運(yùn)費(fèi)外,還要承擔(dān)卸貨費(fèi)用。()
3.在《INCOTERMS 2000》的13種貿(mào)易術(shù)語中,買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險最大的貿(mào)易術(shù)語是EXW,最小的是DDP。()4.FAS 與FOB UNDER TACKLE 貿(mào)易術(shù)語下,買賣雙方的風(fēng)險劃分界限都是裝運(yùn)港船邊。()5.貿(mào)易術(shù)語變形只涉及買賣雙方費(fèi)用劃分,不涉及風(fēng)險劃分。()
6.CIF是裝運(yùn)港交貨價,而DES是目的港交貨價,它們是兩種性質(zhì)不同的貿(mào)易術(shù)語。()7.采用FCA成交時,如果在機(jī)場交貨,則賣方交貨責(zé)任至貨物交給航空承運(yùn)人或其代理人為止。()
8.以FOB價格條件出口貨物到新加坡,賣方要負(fù)責(zé)到新加坡交貨。()
9.FCA、CPT和CIP適用于任何運(yùn)輸方式,其風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移的分界點不在船舷,只要貨交承運(yùn)人或第一承運(yùn)人,風(fēng)險即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。()
10.我從日本進(jìn)口貨物,如按FOB條件成交,需我方派船到日本口岸接運(yùn)貨物;如按CIF條件成交,則由日方洽租船舶將貨物運(yùn)往中國港口。可見,我方按FOB進(jìn)口承擔(dān)的貨物運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險,比按CIF進(jìn)口承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險大。()
11.國際貿(mào)易慣例已得到多國的公認(rèn),因此,它們對于任何買賣合同當(dāng)事人都具有普遍的法律上的約束力。()
12.《2000年通則》中,F(xiàn)組術(shù)語屬裝運(yùn)合同,C組術(shù)語和D組術(shù)語均屬到貨合同。()13.FOB吊鉤下交貨是指賣方負(fù)責(zé)貨物進(jìn)艙,脫離吊鉤,置于艙底。()14.在CIF價格條件下,賣方憑單據(jù)履行交貨義務(wù)、買方憑單據(jù)付款。()
15.按照國際貿(mào)易慣例,CFR條件下如賣方未及時發(fā)裝船通知而使買方漏保,則賣方應(yīng)對貨物在運(yùn)輸途中的損壞及滅失負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。()
答案:
選擇題:1-5 D D A D C
6-10 C C C A A
11-15 A C C A B 判斷題:1-5 X X √ X √ 6-10√ √ X √ X 11-15 X X X √ √
第三章 國際貨物買賣合同的商訂
根據(jù)以下資料回答1—4題: 6月15日,甲公司向乙公司發(fā)出一份訂單,并要求乙公司在7月10日前答復(fù)。7月初,該商品的市價大幅下降,甲公司通知乙公司:“前次訂單所列價格作廢,若你公司愿意降價20%,則發(fā)盤有效期延至7月20日?!币夜臼盏酵ㄖ螅⒓从?月3日回信表示不同意降價,同時對前一訂單表示接受。正常情況下,此信可在7月8日到達(dá),但是由于郵局工人罷工,甲公司于7月15日才收到,甲回信表示:“第一次訂單已經(jīng)撤銷,接受無效?!币夜緢猿值谝淮斡唵尾荒艹蜂N,甲公司又于7月20日回復(fù)認(rèn)為乙的接受已逾期,合同沒有成立。請問:
1.甲公司6月15日的訂單是()
A.詢盤 B.邀請發(fā)盤 C.發(fā)盤 D.接受 2.乙公司7月3日的回信()
A.是有效的接受,因為未超過有效期。B.是無效的接受,因為已經(jīng)超過有效期,而且甲公司已經(jīng)及時提出反對。C.不構(gòu)成接受,因為發(fā)盤已經(jīng)撤銷。
D.是有效的接受,因為正常情況下,該信本來可以在發(fā)盤有效期內(nèi)到達(dá),且甲公司并沒有及時以接受逾期為理由表示反對。
3.假設(shè)乙公司在7月3日發(fā)出的信中沒有對原訂單表示接受,則()
A.乙公司仍有權(quán)接受原訂單,只要接受的通知在7月10日前到達(dá)甲公司。B.乙公司仍有權(quán)接受原訂單,只要接受的通知在7月20日前到達(dá)甲公司。
C.即使乙公司未在7月10前接受原訂單,仍可以在7月20前降價20%接受訂單。D.如果乙公司未在7月10日前接受原訂單,則不能再接受訂單。
4.假設(shè)乙公司在7月3日發(fā)出的信中表示同意降價10%,則此信()A.構(gòu)成有效接受 B.構(gòu)成還盤
C.視為同意甲撤銷原發(fā)盤 D.視為拒絕甲公司的新發(fā)盤
根據(jù)以下資料回答5—7 題: 我某工程承包公司于2007 年5 月3 日向意大利商人詢問鋼材的價格。在詢盤中,我工程承包公司聲明:要求對方報價是為了計算一項承造大樓的標(biāo)價和是否參加投標(biāo)。我工程 承包公司如果參加投標(biāo)須于2007 年5 月15 日向招標(biāo)人遞交投標(biāo)書,招標(biāo)人開標(biāo)日期為2007年5 月31 日。2007 年5 月6 日,意大利商人向我方發(fā)盤報鋼材價格,我承包公司據(jù)以計算標(biāo)價,并于2007 年5 月15 日向招標(biāo)人遞交了投標(biāo)書。由于國際商場鋼材價格上漲,2007年5 月21 日,意大利商人來電要求撤銷其5 月6 日發(fā)盤,我工程承包公司當(dāng)即表示不同意撤銷發(fā)盤。于是雙方為能否撤銷發(fā)盤發(fā)生爭執(zhí)。及至2007 年5 月31 日,招標(biāo)人開標(biāo),我方工程承包公司中標(biāo),隨即向意大利商人發(fā)出接受通知。但意大利商人堅持發(fā)盤已于2007年5 月21 日撤銷,合同不能成立。對此,雙方爭執(zhí)不下,于是,提交仲裁。5.按照《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定,本案中意大利商人發(fā)盤時未規(guī)定有效期,我們可以理解為該發(fā)盤有效期為()。
A.在合理時間內(nèi)有效 B.何時接受均可
C.2007 年5 月15 日 D.2007 年5 月30 日前
6.根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定,意大利商人的發(fā)盤()。
A.不能撤銷。因為工程承包公司已本著對其發(fā)盤的信賴,向招標(biāo)人遞交了投標(biāo)書 B.可以撤銷。只要撤銷通知到達(dá)時,工程承包公司還未發(fā)出接受通知即可 C.不能撤銷。因為此時鋼材國際商場價格已經(jīng)上漲 D.可以撤銷。因為雙方還未簽約
7.根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定,如果你是仲裁員,應(yīng)判()。A.意大利商人勝訴 B.工程承包公司勝訴 C.在本案中,雙方都有責(zé)任,各打50 大板
D.在本案中,雙方都有責(zé)任,意大利商人責(zé)任大些,工程承包公司責(zé)任小些 答案:
1-4 C D C B 5-7 A A B
第四章 落實及審核信用證
一.單項選擇題
1.匯票的收款人有三種填寫方式,根據(jù)我國票據(jù)法,凡簽發(fā)()的匯票無效。
A.限制性抬頭
B.指示性抬頭
C.持票人或來人抬頭
D.記名抬頭 2.根據(jù)我國票據(jù)法規(guī)定,自收到提示承兌匯票之日起()內(nèi),付款人須作出承兌。A.3日
B.4日
C.5日
D.6日
3.可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證須由開證行在證中注明“可轉(zhuǎn)讓”字樣,可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證只限轉(zhuǎn)讓()。
A.1次
B.2次
C.3次
D.4次 4.如果其他條件相同,()遠(yuǎn)期匯票對是收款人最有利。
A.出票后30天付款
B.提單簽發(fā)后30天付款
C.見票后30天付款
D.貨物到達(dá)目的港后30天付款 5.承兌是()對遠(yuǎn)期匯票表示承擔(dān)到期付款責(zé)任的行為。
A.付款人
B.收款人
C.出口商
D.議付行
6.匯票的票據(jù)行為分出票.背書.承兌.提示.付款和追索等,其中()是主要票據(jù)行為。
A.出票
B.付款
C.承兌
D.背書
7.電開信用證分為全電本和簡電本連著。在SWIFT信用證中,全電本通常采用()格式。
A.MT700/MT701
B.MT701/MT702
C.MT703/MT704
D.MT705/MT707 8.在SWIFT中,信用證的修改通常采用()格式。
A.MT701
B.MT703
C.MT705
D.MT707 9.一張有效的信用證必須規(guī)定一個()。
A.裝運(yùn)期
B.有效期
C.交單期
D.議付期
10.匯票有兩張正本,其效力是()。
A.付款人付一不付二
B.付款人付二不付一
C.先到先付,后到無效
D.同等的 二.判斷題
1.匯付是付款人主動通過銀行或其它途徑將款項交給收款人的一種支付方式,所以屬于商業(yè)信用。而托收通常稱為銀行托收,因而它屬于銀行信用。2.信用證是銀行開立的無條件承諾付款的書面文件。
3.匯票經(jīng)背書后,匯票的收款權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓給被背書人,被背書人日后遭到拒付,可向前手行使追索權(quán)。
4.我國《票據(jù)法》規(guī)定,付款人承兌匯票,不得附有條件,承兌附有條件的,視為拒絕承兌。
5.在信用證的有效期內(nèi)開證行發(fā)生倒閉或拒付,保兌行可以向受益人追索。
6.開證行開出可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證后,受益人可以將信用證的全部或一部分金額轉(zhuǎn)讓給多個第二受益人。
7.在信用證業(yè)務(wù)中,受益人收到信用證修改通知書后,如不同意修改,應(yīng)立即將信用證修改書退回通知行,否則視為同意接受修改。
8.在采用保理業(yè)務(wù)時,如果進(jìn)口商因為貨物不符合合同而拒付,保理商將不予擔(dān)保付款責(zé)任。
9.如果受益人逾期交單,則只要其征得開證申請人的同意,仍可要求銀行付款。10.出口商采用D/A 30天比采用D/P30天承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險要大。
答案:
選擇題: 1-5 CAABA
6-10 AADBD
判斷題: 1-5 ××√√×
6-10 √×√×√
第五章 出口備貨 一.單項選擇題
1.對于大批量交易的散裝貨,因較難掌握商品的數(shù)量,通常在合同中規(guī)定()。A.品質(zhì)公差條款 B.溢短裝條款 C.立即裝運(yùn)條款 D.倉至倉條款
2.A外貿(mào)公司與外商簽訂了一份出口某商品的合同,合同中規(guī)定的出口數(shù)量為500公噸,同時還規(guī)定允許賣方交貨的數(shù)量可增減5%,但未對多交部分貨物如何作價給予規(guī)定。賣方依合同規(guī)定多交了20公噸,根據(jù)《公約》的規(guī)定,此20公噸應(yīng)按()作價。A.到岸價 B.合同價 C.離岸價 D.議定價
3.我某進(jìn)出口公司擬向馬來西亞客商出口服裝一批,在洽談合同條款時,就服裝的款式可要求對方提供()。
A.樣品 B.規(guī)格 C.商標(biāo) D.產(chǎn)地 4.凡貨樣難以達(dá)到完全一致的,不宜采用()。
A.憑說明買賣 B.憑樣品買賣 C.憑等級買賣 D.憑規(guī)格買賣
5.在交貨數(shù)量前面加上“約”或“大約”字樣,按《UCP600》規(guī)定,這種約定可解釋為交貨數(shù)量有不超過()的增減幅度。
A.5% B.2.5% C.10% D.3% 6.在品質(zhì)條款的規(guī)定上,對某些比較難掌握其品質(zhì)的工業(yè)制成品或農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品,我們在合同中規(guī)定()。
A.溢短裝條款 B.增減價條款 C.商品的凈值 D.品質(zhì)公差或品質(zhì)機(jī)動幅度 7.對于價值較低的商品,往往采?。ǎ┯嬎闫渲亓?。A.以毛作凈 B.法定重量 C.凈重 D.理論重量
8.F公司與國外某客商簽訂出口500臺電冰箱的合同,合同沒有規(guī)定賣方交貨的數(shù)量可溢短裝5%,F(xiàn)公司實際交貨時多交了50臺,買方可就F公司的交貨作出以下決定,哪個是不妥當(dāng)?shù)模ǎ?/p>
A.收取520臺電冰箱 B.拒收520臺電冰箱
C.收取多交貨物中的10臺 D.拒收多交的20臺電冰箱
9.賣方根據(jù)買方提供的樣品,加工復(fù)制出一個類似樣品供買方確認(rèn),該樣品稱為()。A.買方樣品 B.賣方樣品 C.參考樣品 D.對等樣品 10.以下()不屬于運(yùn)輸包裝的標(biāo)志。
A.運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志 B.條形碼 C.指示性標(biāo)志 D.警告性標(biāo)志 二.判斷題
1.運(yùn)輸包裝上的標(biāo)志就是指運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志,也就是通常所說的嘜頭。()2.包裝費(fèi)用一般包括在貨價中,不另行計收。()
3.在進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易中,表示品質(zhì)的方法多種多樣,為了明確責(zé)任,最好采用既憑樣品買賣,又憑規(guī)格買賣的方法。()
4.交貨數(shù)量的機(jī)動幅度可由賣方選擇也可由買方選擇,不論由何方選擇,每次裝貨均不得超過承運(yùn)人宣布的船舶裝載量。()
5.根據(jù)《公約》的規(guī)定,如賣方所交貨物數(shù)量多于約定的數(shù)量,買方可以全部收下,也可以全部拒收。()
答案:
選擇題:1-5 B B A B C 6-10 D A B D B 判斷題:1-5 X √ X √ X
第六章 租船訂艙 一.單項選擇題
1.在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中,經(jīng)過背書能夠轉(zhuǎn)讓的單據(jù)有()。A.鐵路運(yùn)單 B.海運(yùn)提單 C.航空運(yùn)單 D.郵包收據(jù) 2.在班輪運(yùn)價表中用字母“M”表示的計收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為()。A.按貨物毛重計收 B.按貨物體積計收 C.按商品價格計收 D.按貨物件數(shù)計收
3.在定程租船方式下,對裝卸費(fèi)的收取辦法中FOB的含義是()。A.船方只負(fù)擔(dān)卸貨費(fèi),而不負(fù)擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi) B.船方不負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi) C.船方只負(fù)擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi),而不負(fù)擔(dān)卸貨費(fèi) D.船方負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi) 4.按提單收貨人抬頭分類,在國際貿(mào)易中被廣泛使用的提單有()。A.記名提單 B.不記名提單 C.指示提單 D.班輪提單 5.已裝船提單的日期是()。
A.開始裝船的日期 B.裝船完畢的日期 C.船舶開航的日期 D.船舶到達(dá)的日期 6.買方一般不愿接受的提單有()。
A.已裝船提單 B.指示提單 C.清潔提單 D.備貨提單 7.簽發(fā)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單的承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任是()。
A.只對第一程運(yùn)輸負(fù)責(zé) B.必須對全程運(yùn)輸負(fù)責(zé) C.對運(yùn)輸不負(fù)責(zé)任 D.只對最后一程運(yùn)輸負(fù)責(zé) 8.信用證的到期日為12月31日,最遲裝運(yùn)期為12月16日,最遲交單日期為運(yùn)輸單據(jù)出具后15天,出口人備妥貨物安排出運(yùn)的時間是12月10日,則出口人最遲應(yīng)于()向銀行交單議付。
A.12月16日 B.12月24日 C.12月25日 D.12月31日 9.班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)應(yīng)該()。
A.包括裝卸費(fèi),且不計滯期費(fèi).速遣費(fèi) B.包括裝卸費(fèi),但應(yīng)計滯期費(fèi).速遣費(fèi) C.包括裝卸費(fèi)和速遣費(fèi),但不計滯期費(fèi) D.包括裝卸費(fèi)和滯期費(fèi),但不計速遣費(fèi) 10.在國際貨物買賣合同中,不宜采用以下()方法規(guī)定裝運(yùn)港和目的港。A.一般情況下,只規(guī)定一個裝運(yùn)港和一個目的港 B.大宗商品可以規(guī)定兩個裝運(yùn)港和目的港
C.在雙方洽商暫無法確定裝運(yùn)港和目的港時,可采用選擇港的方式 D.籠統(tǒng)地規(guī)定裝運(yùn)港和目的港
二.判斷題
1.班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)不包括裝卸費(fèi)。()
2.備運(yùn)提單可注明“已裝船”字樣而為銀行接受。()
3.我某公司二月中旬收到國外來證,證內(nèi)規(guī)定:shipment to become within March,2011。經(jīng)查二月份正好有班輪直達(dá)合同規(guī)定的目的港,同時貨己如約備妥。在有船有貨的情況下,為爭取早日收匯,我方可于二月份裝船出運(yùn)。()4.“10,000M/T, Shipment during May,June in 2 lots”。此條款表示每月必須裝5,000M/T。()
5.某公司出口電扇1,000臺,紙箱裝,合同和信用證上規(guī)定不許分批裝運(yùn),裝船時有40臺包裝破裂,風(fēng)罩變形不能出口,發(fā)貨人認(rèn)為根據(jù)《UCP600》慣例中的有關(guān)規(guī)定,即使不能分批裝運(yùn),只要貨款不超過信用證上的總金額,貨物的數(shù)量亦允許有5%的增減。據(jù)此,裝運(yùn)960臺也可照常辦理議付。()6.過期提單就是指過了裝運(yùn)期才簽發(fā)的提單。()7.凡是承運(yùn)人加了批注的提單就是不清潔提單。()
8.空白抬頭.空白背書的提單是既不填寫收貨人,又不要背書的提單。()
9.凡裝在同一航次.同一條船上,且運(yùn)往同一目的港的多次裝運(yùn)的貨物,即使裝運(yùn)時間和裝運(yùn)地點不同,也不視為分批裝運(yùn)。()
10.“Port of destination: London and Liverpool”是指貨物分別在這兩個港口卸貨。()
答案:
選擇題:1-5 B B C C C 6-10 D B C A D 判斷題:1-5 X √ X X X 6-10 X X X √ √
第七章 辦理國際貨運(yùn)保險
一.單項選擇題
1.根據(jù)我國“海洋貨物運(yùn)輸保險條款”規(guī)定,“一切險”包括()A.平安險加11種一般附加險 B.水漬險加11種一般附加險 C.一切險加11種一般附加險 D.11種一般附加險加特殊附加險 2.我某公司出口稻谷一批,因保險事故被海水浸泡多時而喪失其原有用途,貨到目的港后只能低價出售,這種損失屬于()。
A.單獨(dú)海損 B.共同海損 C.實際全損 D.推定全損 3.某批出口貨物投保了水漬險,在運(yùn)輸途中由于雨淋致使貨物遭受部分損失,這樣的損失保險公司將()。
A.負(fù)責(zé)賠償整批貨物 B.負(fù)責(zé)賠償被雨淋濕的部分 C.不予賠償 D.在被保險人同意的情況下,保險公司負(fù)責(zé)賠償被雨淋濕的部分
4.在我國海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險業(yè)務(wù)中,下列()險別不可適用“倉至倉”條款。A.WA or WPA B.FPA C.ALL RISKS D.WAR RISKS 5.在FOB條件下,進(jìn)口商應(yīng)向保險公司辦理貨物運(yùn)輸保險的手續(xù),在進(jìn)口貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)中,通常采用的保險形式有()。
A.預(yù)約保險
B.逐筆保險
C.一切險
D.平安險 二.判斷題
1.運(yùn)輸途中部分紙箱受潮,箱裝的服裝出現(xiàn)了水漬,由于該批貨物投保了水漬險,所以 貨主可向保險公司索賠。
2.保險單是一項權(quán)益的憑證,經(jīng)背書后可以隨貨物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移而進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓。
3.保險金額應(yīng)該在CIF發(fā)票總額的基礎(chǔ)上加10%計算,如發(fā)票為FOB 或CFR,則先換為CIF金額后再加一成。
4.按國際保險市場慣例,大保單與小保單具有同等的法律效力。
5.如果被保險貨物運(yùn)達(dá)保險單所載明的目的地,收貨人提貨后即將貨物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),則保險公司的保險責(zé)任于轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到達(dá)目的地倉庫時終止。答案:
單項選擇題:1-5 B C C D A 判斷題:1-5 X X √ √ X
第八章 報驗和報關(guān)
一、單項選擇題
1.對產(chǎn)地和報關(guān)地相一致的出境貨物,經(jīng)檢驗檢疫合格的,出具()。A.《出境貨物通關(guān)單》 B.《出境貨物換證憑單》 C.《出境貨物換證憑條》 D.《出境貨物不合格通知單》 2.一般出口商品應(yīng)在出口報關(guān)或裝運(yùn)前()天報檢。A.3 B.5 C.7 D.9 3.在進(jìn)出口合同的商品檢驗條款中,關(guān)于檢驗時間和地點的規(guī)定最為重要。在我實際業(yè)務(wù)中使用最多的是()。
A.在出口國檢驗 B.在進(jìn)口國檢驗 C.在出口國檢驗、在進(jìn)口國復(fù)驗 4.買方復(fù)驗的期限就是()。
A.質(zhì)量保證期限 B.索賠期限 C.退貨期限 5.下列中屬于法定檢驗商品的是()。A.列入《種類表》中的商品
B.有關(guān)法律和行政法規(guī)定須經(jīng)商檢機(jī)構(gòu)檢驗的進(jìn)出口商品 C.各地商檢機(jī)構(gòu)自行規(guī)定的進(jìn)出口商品 D.(A)和(B)
二、判斷題
1.商檢證書的主要作用之一是通過對商品進(jìn)行檢驗,以確定賣方所交貨物的品質(zhì)、數(shù)量、包裝是否與合同的規(guī)定相符。2.凡屬法定檢驗范圍的商品,在辦理進(jìn)出口清關(guān)手續(xù)時,必須向海關(guān)提供商檢機(jī)構(gòu)簽發(fā)的檢驗證書,否則,海關(guān)不予放行。
3.在我國,法定檢驗的檢驗方法一般由商檢機(jī)構(gòu)決定,通常采用抽查。4.凡是出口商品,必須通過商檢構(gòu)檢驗才能出口。
5.任何商品的商檢證書,必須由商檢局出具,才能作為議付的憑證之一。
答案:
單項選擇題:1-5 A C C B D 判斷題:1-5 √ √ X X X
第十章 出口貿(mào)易的后續(xù)工作
1.仲裁協(xié)議是仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)受理爭議案件的必要依據(jù)()
A.仲裁協(xié)議必須在爭議發(fā)生之前達(dá)成 B.仲裁協(xié)議只能在爭議發(fā)生之后達(dá)成 C.仲裁協(xié)議可以在爭議發(fā)生之前達(dá)成,也可在爭議發(fā)生之后達(dá)成 2.在同外商商訂買賣合同中的仲裁條款時,關(guān)于仲裁點有下列各種不同的規(guī)定,在其他各種交易條件不變的情下,其中對我最有利的一種是。()
A.在雙方同意的第三國仲裁 B.在被告國仲裁 C.在我國仲裁 D.在對方國家仲裁 3.仲裁費(fèi)用一般規(guī)定由()
A.勝訴方負(fù)擔(dān) B.敗訴方負(fù)擔(dān) C.雙方各半負(fù)擔(dān) 4.仲裁裁決的效力是()
A.終局的,對爭議雙方具有約束力 B.非終局的,對爭議雙方不具有約束力 C.有時是終局的,有時是非終局的 D.一般還需法院最后判定 5.我從西歐某商進(jìn)口當(dāng)?shù)赝ǔ?梢再I到的某化工產(chǎn)品,在約定的交貨期前,該商所屬生產(chǎn)上述產(chǎn)品的工廠之一因爆炸被毀,完全喪失生存能力,西歐客商()。A.因遇不可抗力事故,可要求解除合同 B.因遇不可抗力事故,可要求延期履行合同
C.因遇不可抗力事故,可要求延期履行合同,但我方有索賠的權(quán)利 D.不屬于不可抗力事故,我方應(yīng)要求西歐客商按期履行合同 6.發(fā)生(),違約方可以援引不可抗力條款要求免責(zé)。
A.戰(zhàn)爭 B.世界市場價格上漲 C.貨幣貶值 D.生產(chǎn)過程中的過失
7.按《公約》的解釋,如違約的情況未達(dá)到根本性違反合同的程度,則受損害的一方()。A.不但有權(quán)向違約方提出損害賠償,而且可宣告合同無效 B.只能向違約方提出損害賠償?shù)囊?,不可宣告合同無效 C.只可宣告合同無效,不能要求損害賠償 D.可根據(jù)違約情況選擇以上答案
8.以下不屬于()仲裁與訴訟的區(qū)別。
A.仲裁以爭議雙方當(dāng)事人自愿為基礎(chǔ),而訴訟具有強(qiáng)制性 B.仲裁的手續(xù)較為簡單,而訴訟的手續(xù)比較復(fù)雜 C.仲裁對雙方的關(guān)系影響較小,而訴訟較傷和氣 D.仲裁的費(fèi)用較高,而訴訟的費(fèi)用較低 9.以下不屬于仲裁協(xié)議的作用的是()。
A.約束雙方解決爭議的方式 B.排除法院對該案件的管轄
C.授予仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)對該案件的管轄 D.仲裁解決不了的,還可提請上訴 10.出口退稅申報時間是報關(guān)單上注明的出口日期起()天內(nèi)。A.60 B.90 C.120 D.180
二、判斷題
1.出口收匯核銷單的作用體現(xiàn)在國家職能部門對出口貨物的收匯跟蹤管理,防止外匯流 失。
2.出口退稅是各國政府普遍使用的鼓勵出口的措施。3.出口收匯核銷是在出口退稅工作之后的一項工作
4.在國際貿(mào)易中,對所有的進(jìn)出口貨物都必須進(jìn)行檢驗并出具證書。5.任何商品的商檢證書,必須由商檢局出具,才能作為議付的憑證之一。
6.申請國際仲裁雙方當(dāng)事人應(yīng)事先訂有仲裁協(xié)議,而向法院訴訟,無須事先征得對方同意。7.仲裁裁決一經(jīng)作出即具有法律效力,如敗訴方不肯自愿執(zhí)行裁決,則仲裁員可以強(qiáng)制其執(zhí)行。
8.我與外商簽訂一筆進(jìn)口合同,不久該商品價格猛漲,外商援引不可抗力條款電傳要求解除合同,我方只好同意。
9.一旦發(fā)生不可抗力事故,遭遇事故方只有征得對方同意才能不執(zhí)行合同。
10.有關(guān)當(dāng)事人一旦接到不可抗力事故的通知后無論同意與否,應(yīng)及時給對方答復(fù)。
答案:
選擇題:1-5 C C B A B 6-10 A B D D B 判斷題:1-5 √ √ X X X 6-10 √ X X X √
第二篇:國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)習(xí)題集
習(xí)題集
山東工商學(xué)院中加學(xué)院
國際貿(mào)易教研室
國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)(雙語)
國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)(雙語)綜合習(xí)題集
Part I: Multiple Choices(Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following Questions)
1.The one who buy insurance is called()A.an insurance company
C.the insured
B.a broker
D.an insurer 2.What is the name given to the sum of money which a person agrees to pay to an insurance company? A.compensation
C.investment
B.premium
3.An insurance agreement is called an()? A.insurance policy
C.insurance cover
B.insurance contract
D.insurance document D.commission 4.Under FOB contract, the()is to arrange insurance.A.seller
C.buyer
B.insurer
D.carrier 5.When the seller contracts for insurance, it is a(n)()contract.A.CFR
C.FAS
B.FCA
6.The one who lodges a claim is known as an().A.insurer
C.insurance broker
B.the insured
D.claimant D.CIF 7.()does not have the normally accepted meaning, but means loss in the insurance business.A.Partial loss
C.Coverage
B.Total loss
D.Average8.()is the broadest kind of coverage but does not include all risks.A.Free of Particular Average
C.With particular Average
B.All Risks 9.Risk of breakage is considered to be the()A.Free of Particular Average
C.General additional risks
B.With Average
D.Special additional risks D.TPND 10.The person to whom the goods are shipped is called _______.A.the consignor
C.the shipper
B.the consignee
D.the manufacturer 11.As Swedish arbitrators often are()lawyers, the arbitrators’ fees are usually in line with those of lawyers.A.practice
C.practising
B.practise
D.practised 12.The Institute may also decide to discharge an arbitrator on the()of any lawful excuse or failure to perform his duties in an adequate manner.A.basis
C.excuse
B.reason
D.ground 13.If the institute has requested a party to perform any act within a()time, such time limit may be extended by the Institute.A.specified
C.specifying
B.specify
D.limited14.If an arbitrator is replaced in the course of the proceedings, the newly()tribunal shall decide whether and to what extent a prior oral hearing shall be repeated.A.comprised
C.consisted
B.composed
D.built 15.The arbitrators are()to receive remuneration for their work in accordance with the principles stated above and, in addition, to receive reimbursement of their expenses.A.entitled
C.subject
B.qualified
D.required 16.The international uniform customs practice in written for documentary collection is().A.UCP600
C.Incoterm2000
B.ISP98 17.The payer of promissory note is the().A.drawer
C.payee
B.drawee 18.()needn’t draft generally.A.Open Negotiation L/C
C.Deferred payment L/C
B.Sight Payment L/C 19.The Opening Banks of L/C deal with().A.services
B.goods
C.documents
D.performance to which the documents may relate 20.According to UCP600, if there is no indication in the credit of the insurance coverage required, the amount of insurance coverage must be at least()of the CIF or CIP value of the goods.A.110%
B.10%
D.Restricted Negotiation L/C D.creditor D.URC522 2 C.100%
D.130%
21.If the cargoes are not discharged from the ship or lighter, then the time of insurance duty under war risks shall be limited to()days counting from the midnight of the day when the vessel arrives at the port of destination.A.15 days
C.60 days
B.30 days
22.WPA is()in Chinese.A.平安險
C.一切險
B.水漬險
D.戰(zhàn)爭險 D.2 years 23.The Ad.V.standard for liner freight is calculated on the basis of().A.CIF price
C.CFR price
B.FCA price
24.Unless the Credit stipulates otherwise,().A.Partial shipments and transshipments are allowed B.Partial shipments and transshipments are not allowed C.transshipments are not allowed, but Partial shipments are allowed D.transshipments are allowed, but Partial shipments are not allowed 25.The net weight and G.W for some goods is 28kgs per piece and 30kgs respectively.Its measurement is 45CMX35CMX22CM per piece.If the calculation standard for liner’s freight tariff is W/M10, the shipping company will calculate the freight()
A.on the basis of net weight
C.on the basis of measurement
B.at the shipper’s option
26.The most frequently used pricing methods is()A.fixed pricing
C.Partial fixed price and partial unfixed price
B.flexible pricing
D.Floating pricing).D.at the carrier’s option D.FOB price 27.In international export practice, in case we conclude a FOB or CFR contract with the buyer abroad, unless otherwise agreed, we must give the buyer notice that the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, so as to enable him to()in time.A.arrange shipment
C.take delivery
B.cover insurance
D.open L/C 28.The CIF contract is a typical “document transaction” or “()”.A.dependent transaction
C.symbolic delivery
B.physical delivery
D.arrival contract 29.The variations of CFR involve only the problem of who is to pay()charges, with nothing to do with the place of delivery or the place of risk separation.A.loading
B.demurrage
C.freight
D.unloading
30.In INCOTERMS 2000, under()trade term, the customs declaration for import is the responsibility of seller.A.EXW
C.CIF
B.DDP
D.FOB 31.Which of the following expressions to quality is right and proper?()A.Chinese Groundnut, Moisture 13%, Admixture 5%, Oil content 44%.B.Cloth Doll Sample No.123, quality to be completely equal to the sample.C.Tetracycline HCL Tablets, Sugar Coated, 250mg, B.P.D.grey duck's down, duck's down content 18%(1% more or 2% less)“.32.If no expiry date for presentation of documents is stipulated in L/C, banks will not accept documents presented to them later than()days after the date of shipment.A.15
C.7
B.21
D.60 33.In Credit operations all parties concerned deal with().A.goods
B.services
C.documents
D.other performances to which the documents may relate 34.If the cargoes are not discharged from the ship or lighter, then the time of insurance duty under war risks shall be limited to()days counting from the midnight of the day when the vessel arrives at the port of destination.A.15 days
C.60 days
B.30 days
D.2 years 35.Under ICC, the insurer will bear the maximum responsibility if ICC()is adopted.A.A
C.C
B.B
D.Malicious risks 36.The net weight and G.W.for some goods is 30kgs per piece and 34kgs respectively.Its measurement is 45CMX35CMX20CM per piece.If the calculation standard for liner’s freight tariff is W/M10, the shipping company will calculate the freight()
A.on the basis of net weight
C.on the basis of measurement
B.on the basis of gross weight
D.at the carrier’s option
37.As for the(), the charter will employ the master and take charge of the deployment and management of the ship.A.Voyage Charter
C.Bare-boat Charter
B.Time Charter
D.Liner 38.The Ad.V.standard for liner freight is calculated on the basis of().4 A.CIF price
C.CFR price
B.FCA price
little damaged” on the B/L.This B/L is a/an().A.Clean B/L
C.To order B/L
B.Unclean B/L
D.Shipped B/L D.FOB price 39.The shipping company makes a notation such as “Few carton bottom little wet”、“Some carton 40.When a company negotiates payment through bank, which kind of B/L will the bank accept?().A.Clean on board B/L
C.Unclean B/L
B.Received for shipment B/L 41.COD is the abbreviation of().A.Cash of Delivery
C.Cash of Document
B.Cash on Delivery
D.Cash on Document D.Ante-dated B/L42.It should be stressed that the scope of INCOTERMS is limited to matters relating to the rights and obligations of the parties to the S/C with respect to the delivery of goods sold in the sense of,()A.“merchantable”
C.“tangible” such as stationary
B.“negotiable”
D.“intangible” such as software
43.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by().A.gross weight or net weight
C.tare weight
B.net weight
D.gross weight 44.According to the CISG, if the quantity delivered by the seller is greater than of the contract, the buyer can refuse().A.all the goods
C.the quantity stipulated in S/C
B.the excess part of the whole quantity
D.the quantity stipulated in L/C 45.Suppose you are an export and your business place is in China, which one of the following quotation is correct?()A.USD150 PER BALE FOB NEW YORK
B.$200 FOB SHANGHAI C.EURO500 PER SETS DEQ VANCOUVER
D.HKD50 PER PAIR GUANGZHOU 46.Contracts must renewed one week _____their expiration.A.on
C.the moment of
B.against
D.before
47.The commodities you offered are _____line with the business scope of our clients.5 A.outside
C.out
B.out of
D.without
48.We are arranging for an inspection tour of _____the material was processed.A.place
C.where
B.the place
D.there 49.We are reconsidering those trade terms _____might be adverse to the interest of our principals.A.what
C.when
B.that
D.where
50.We find that there is no stipulation of transshipment _____in the relative L/C.A.allowing
C.which allowed
B.which allows
D.being allowed 51.After unpacking the case we found that the goods did not ______with the original sample.A.match
C.agree
B.come up
D.measure 52.If the first shipment ______ , we guarantee that we will send you many repeat orders.A.match
C.agree
B.come up
D.measure 53.It is necessary that an arbitration clause ________in the contract.A.will be included
C.be included
B.must be included
D.has been included 54.Please see that your written confirmation ________by the end of this month, otherwise we will be free form the obligation for this offer.A.reaches us
C.reach us
B.will reach us
D.reached us 55.That helps to explain ______businesses are setting up Net sites even though profits aren’t yet very big.A.that
C.why
B.the reason for
D.why that 56.We wish to stress that shipment must be made within the prescribed time limit, as a further ______will not be considered by our end-users.A.prolong
C.extension
B.protract
D.expansion
57.With computer users linked to the Internet growing _____every year, business is trying to cash in on the worldwide network.A.at million
C.with one million
B.with a million
D.by millions
58.We regret having to remind you that 30% of the freight is still______.A.owned
C.outstanding
B.owning
D.understanding
59.________you fulfill the terms of the L/C, we will accept the drafts drawn under this credit.A.Provided
C.In the case
B.To provide
D.Only if 60.Kindly advise us of the steamers that call _______your port every month.A.at
C.in
B.on
D.for61.It should be _____if you could immediately ________what quantity you can supply us at present.A.thankful, advise
C.appreciated, advise
B.appreciate, advise
D.appreciating, inform 62.We thank you for your e-mail of November 25__B____your purchase of 10 M/T wild rice.A.confirm
C.to confirm
B.confirming
D.confirmed 63.Subject to satisfactory arrangements ______terms and conditions, we should be pleased to act as your sole agent.A.as
C.as if
B.as per
D.as to 64.Our usual terms of payment are _______L/C and we hope they will be satisfactory ______you.A.by, for
C.for, to
B.by, to
D.for, with 65.That helps to explain why businesses are setting up Net sites ______ profits aren’t yet very big.A.even
C.even though
B.although
D.why that 66.The contract between a party who agrees to accept the risk and a party seeking protection from the risk a contract of _________.A.payment
C.shipment
B.production
D.insurance 67.The customs duties act _______an essential leverage on regulating import and export behavior.A at
C.in
B.as
D.to 68.The Chinese word “運(yùn)單” is translated as________.7 A.invoice
C.Waybill
B.B/L
D.Contract 69.When we want to buy something from other countries, we should make ________ first.A.an offer
C.a confirmation
B.a inquiry
70.Swedish Krona is the currency of ________.A.Singapore
C.Sri Lanka
B.Spain
71.Cairo is a city of _______.A.Sri Lanka
C.Egypt
B.Denmark
D.Indonesia D.Sweden D.an acceptance 72.In the contract, usually there is a ________ clause to protect the buyer against loss from delay of the shipment of the goods.A.payment
C.penalty
B.shipment
D.quality 73.This contract is made _______ Dalian International Economical Trade Co.and Kich Boro International Limited.A.among
C.with
B.between
D.by 74.In foreign trade business, the trade terms CFR is often used, CFR is the abbreviation for _______.A.cost, insurance and freight
C.cost and freight
B.commercial invoice
D.consular invoice
Keys to multiple choices:
71
C C A D B B C C 2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 B D B B C B B C 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 A A D C D C D B 4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 C B A A B A B C 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 D A C A C C C 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 D D A B D C D 7 17 27 37 47 57 67 D A B C B D B 8 18 28 38 48 58 68 B B C D C C C 9 19 29 39 49 59 69 C C D B B A B 10 20 30.40 50 60 70 B A B A D A D
Part II: True or False 1.Exporting gives a manufacturer a large market for his products, while imports have unfavorable effects on the home market.2.Some commodities, like tea and wool, are sold on a tale quail basis and the buyer has to inspect a consignment himself.3.Immediate delivery is known as a future contract.4.Quoting firm prices for many months ahead involves little risk.5.Hedging is an operation adopted by merchants and others in the commodity markets who deal in futures to protect themselves against risk of loss, caused by future changes in price.6.The prices of produce remain unchanged for weeks and months, so buyers can place orders on the basis of printed price lists.7.The manufacturer may appoint a foreign agent who acts as a principal and pays for the goods himself.8.A closed indent is one which names the supplier of the goods required.9.A clearing agent is usually skilled in completing the formalities needed to clear goods through the Customs.10.Advertising aims to make a product or service known to the public in order to sell it.11.An offer may not indicate the terms of payment.12.The price-list and catalogues sent to some companies are also offers with binding effect.13.According to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, an acceptance with non-material alterations or additions can still constitute a valid acceptance..14.According to the CISG, a late acceptance caused by abnormal transmission of the post office is nevertheless effective unless the offeror shows objection without delay.15.Landed quality refers to the quality of the goods re-inspected upon their arrival at the port of destination.16.After issued of the letter of credit, the Issuing Bank may refuse payment if the applicant becomes bankrupt.17.After the negotiating bank negotiates the documents, which are refused by the opening bank later, the negotiating bank may ask the beneficiary for repayment.18.According to the UCP600, a freely negotiable credit must stipulate a place for presentation of documents for negotiation.19.If the L/C prohibits partial shipments and the goods are shipped in full quantity with the price not reduced, a short drawing of 5 percent in the amount is permissible.20.If the Issuing Band appoints the Bank of China as its Advising Bank of L/C, then the Issuing Bank may ask the Bank of Asia to advise amendments to the L/C.21.A bank will only accept a clean transport document.A clean transport document is one bearing no clause or notation expressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or their packaging.The word “clean” need not appear on a transport document, even if a credit has a requirement for that transport document to be “clean on board”.22.The date of the insurance document must be no later than the date of shipment, unless it appears from the insurance document that the cover is effective from a date not later than the date of shipment.23.The war risks both under CIC and ICC are can be covered independently.24.Insurance against F.P.A.means that the insured cannot obtain compensation from the insurer if particular average occurs.25.The insurance endorsement cannot be used as a dependent document.It is only a supplementary document attached to insurance policy or certificate.26.Warsaw-Oxford Rules clearly explain the thirteen kinds of trade terms in current use.27.According to INCOTERMS2000, FCA is suitable for all kinds of transportation.28.The main difference between a CIF contract and a DES contract lies in the fact that the former is a symbolic delivery of goods, whereas the latter is a physical delivery of goods.29.In general, soft currency should be chosen for exports and hard currency for imports.30.The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods does not limit the forms of contracts.31.The “receipt rule” insists that delaying or missing of an acceptance on the way constitutes an effective contract.32.The conformity of goods with samples refers, according to the CISG, to the conformity of the quantity, quality, description and packing of goods with those of the sample.33.When the goods do not conform to the sales contract, the bank may stop payment immediately even if the documents are correct and complete.34.According to INCOTERMS 2000, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.35.Unless otherwise stated in the Credit, a transferable Credit can be transferred more than once.36.After issued of the letter of credit, the Issuing Bank may refuse payment if the applicant becomes bankrupt.37.According to the UCP500, a freely negotiable credit must stipulate a place for presentation of documents for negotiation.38.When the goods are posted, the latest date of shipment refers to the date of Post Receipt.39.If the Issuing Band appoints the Bank of China as its Advising Bank of L/C, then the Issuing Bank may ask the Bank of Asia to advise amendments to the L/C.40.The instrument of payment used in M/T is cheque.41.According to international trade practice, you cannot have the goods insured if you did not have insurable interest in the goods.42.Under CIC, no additional risk can be purchased to insure goods independently.43.The insurance endorsement cannot be used as a dependent document.It is only a supplementary document attached to insurance policy or certificate.44.Institute Cargo Clause(A)has the widest coverage among all its clauses.10 45.When there are optional ports in the S/C, where the goods are to be unloaded must be decided and confirmed by the buyer at least 48 hours before the ship arrives at the first optional port.46.A letter of indemnity is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in good condition.47.When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than is stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the shipper.48.According to the interpretation of the Revised American Foreign Trade Definition, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.49.The Neutral packing means the packing without the name of the origin.50.Price terms are mainly applied to determining the prices of commodities in international trade.51.Warsaw-Oxford Rules clearly explain the thirteen kinds of trade terms in current use.52.As an exporter, you concluded a deal with an American on basis of EXW;then your transaction risk is reduced the minimum degree.53.According to the interpretation of the Revised American Foreign Trade Definition, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.54.On CIP terms, the seller must pay the freight rate and insurance premium as well as bear all the risks until the goods have arrived at the destination.55.A letter of indemnity is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in goods condition.56.According to the UCP 500, a bill of lading which is issued subject to a Charter Party must be accepted unless the Credit stipulates otherwise.57.When you transport your goods by a Time Charter, you have to pay for loading and unloading.58.When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than is stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the shipper.59.When the charterer fails to load or unload the goods within the stipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to the ship-owner.60.Sometimes when the buyer cannot determine a specific port of discharge, he may require two or three ports to be written on the contract for option.61.When there are optional ports in the contract, the goods may be unloaded at any one of the ports at the shipping company’s disposal.62.When importing on FOB terms, we can generally stipulate the port of discharge.14 An order bill of lading may be negotiable after being endorsed.63.A bill of lading is a transport contract in which the shipping company promises to transport the goods received to the destination.64.In China, insurance companies do not accept insurance based on Institute Cargo Clause.65.Institute Cargo Clause(A)has the widest coverage among all its clauses.66.Almost all the insurance companies provide door-to-door coverage service.67.Insurance against F.P.A.means that the insured cannot obtain compensation from the insurer if particular average occurs.11 68.If you have insured your goods against All Risks, you will get compensated whatever risks occurs to your goods.69.The quantity terms of goods is one the conditions of an effective sales contract.70.In international trade, only the Metric System is allowed to indicate the quantity of goods.71.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by gross weight.72.Net weight refers to the actual tare of all the packing materials.73.Conditioned weight is, in fact, the actual weight of the moisture of a certain commodity.74.The quantity terms of goods is one the conditions of an effective sales contract.75.In international trade, only the Metric System is allowed to indicate the quantity of goods.76.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by gross weight.77.Net weight refers to the actual tare of all the packing materials.78.Conditioned weight is, in fact, the actual weight of the moisture of a certain commodity.79.According to the CISG, if the quantity delivered by the seller is greater than that of the contract, the buyer can refuse all the goods.80.The more or less Clause in a S/C allows the seller to deliver as more or as fewer goods as possible.81.The only weakness of delivering fewer goods than stipulated is that the seller gets less paid.82.The Beneficiary of a letter of credit may indicate his acceptance or rejection of the amendments till when he presents the relevant documents.83.In our country goods for export must go through customs clearance.84.When exporting goods on CFR, CPT or FOB terms, the seller must pay the insurance premium.85.According to UCP500, if documents are in correspondence with L/C’s stipulations, discrepancies between the documents themselves are allowed.86.Banks will refuse to pay if the documents which are not required by the L/C are presented to them.87.When documents are presented to the Opening Bank, they shall be examined carefully within one month.Keys to True or False:
01.F
0 2.T
03.F
04.F
05.T
06.F
07.F
08.T
09.T 11.T
12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16.F 17.T 18.F 19.T 21.T
22.T 23.F 24.F
25.T 26.F
27.T 28.T 29.F 31.F
32.T 33.F 34.F
35.T
36.F 37.F
38.T
39.F 41.F
42.T
43.T 44.T 45.T
46.F 47.F 48.T 49.T 51.F
52.T
53.T 54.F 55.F
56.F
57.T 58.F 59.T 61.F
62.T
63.T 64.T 65.F
66.T 67.T 68.T
69.F
10.T20.F 30.T40.F50.F 60.T 70.T 71.F
72.F
73.F 74.T 75.F
76.F
77.F 78.F
79.F 80.F 81.F
82.T
83.T 84.F
85.F
86.F 87.F
Part III: Definitions 1.tariff 23.clean draft 2.surtax 24.TT 3.anti-dumping duty
25.documentary letter of credit
4.specific duty 26.sight L/C 5.ad valorem duty 27.standby L/C 6.quota 28.particular average 7.import license 29.general average 8.foreign exchange control 30.partial loss 9.shipper 31.constructive total loss
10.charter party
32.open policy 11.shipped B/L 33.warranty 12.clean B/L 34.receipt 13.straight B/L 35.acceptance 14.order B/L 36.force majeure event 15.stale B/L 37.private dispute resolution
16.foreign exchange 38.mediation 17.exchange rate 39.consular invoice 18.offer rate(of foreign exchange)
40.Customs invoice 19.definite offer 41.certificate of origin
20.acceptance 42.pro-forma invoice 21.commercial draft 43.packing list 22.usance draft 44.mate’s receipt
Keys to the Definitions:
1.A tariff is duty or fee is levied on goods being imported into(or exported out of)a country.2.Surtax is an additional tax.It may also be temporary and discriminatory.In international trade, import surtax is often collected to cope with international payment difficulties and to prevent dumping.3.Anti-dumping duty is a fee that is collected by the importing country when it believes that the exporting country is selling a significant amount of goods to the importing country at prices much lower than in the exporting country.4.Specific duty is a tax of a certain sum assessed and collected on an article without reference to its value or market.5.Ad valorem duty is a tax which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed.6.A quota is a quantitative restriction or an upper limit in terms of physical quantity or value.7.An import license is a permit for import issued by the government to control the import of goods.8.Foreign exchange control means various forms of restriction imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents.9.Shipper: the person who makes the contract with the carrier and hands over the goods for carriage.10.Charter party: a written contract in charter shipping between the ship operator and the charterer(shipper)11.Shipped B/L: a B/L indicating that the goods have been shipped or loaded on board on a named vessel, as evidenced by the pre-printed wording or the on board notation on the bill of lading 12.Clean B/L: a B/L bearing an indication that the goods are received without damage, irregularities or short shipment 13.Straight B/L: a non-negotiable B/L in which the goods are consigned to a designated party 14.Order B/L: a negotiable bill of lading in which the goods are consigned to the order of a named party, usually the shipper 15.Stale B/L: a B/L that is negotiated when the L/C has expired or one that will reach the consignee after the arrival of the cargo 16.Foreign exchange is the currency of any foreign country which is the authorized instrument of settlement and the basis for record keeping in that country 17.Like any other commodities, a foreign exchange has a price, which is expressed in another currency.Exchange rate is the price relationship between the currencies of two countries or the price of one currency in terms of the other.18.Offer rate is the price at which a bank is willing to sell foreign exchange to its customers.19.A definite offer is one that clearly expresses the offerer’s willingness in concluding a transaction by providing complete and clear information for the deal.Normally it includes all the necessary items for a transaction, specifies the time by which the offer is valid and the time the acceptance must be received, and uses the phrase “offer firm” meaning that the offer is made without reservations.20.An acceptance is a statement made by the offeree indicating assent to an offer.21.A commercial draft is a payment order issued by a firm, not a bank, directing another party to pay a specified sum to the payee.22.A usance draft is an order of payment that will be made in a specified number of days after issue or acceptance of the draft or at a fixed future date.23.A clean draft is one that is paid without the presentation of any other documents attached.24.TT is a method of transferring funds by telecommunication system such as telex and cable.25.Documentary letter of credit is a conditional bank undertaking or guarantee of payment.26.A sight L/C is one by which the beneficiary is paid upon presentation of complying document.27.A standby L/C is an L/C representing an obligation by the issuing bank on a designated third party(the beneficiary)which is contingent on the failure of the bank’s customer to perform under the terms of a contract with the beneficiary.28.Particular average means a loss that is borne solely by the owner of the lost property such as damage of cargo by sea water.29.General average means a partial, deliberate and reasonable sacrifice of the ship, freight, or goods, undertaken for the common safety of the adventure in time of peril and/or extraordinary expenditure with the like object such as the charges for towing a stranded ship.30.Partial loss means: 1)total loss of part of the insured cargo and 2)damage to all or part of the insured cargo.31.Constructive total loss means the subject matter insured is reasonably abandoned on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable or because it would not be preserved from actual total loss without an expenditure greater than its recovered value.In other words, it is unlikely to recover the subject matter or the cost of recovery will exceed the value of the subject matter.32.Open policy is an arrangement in which terms such as types of risks to be covered, validity of the insurance contract, rate, premium, maximum(but not specific)value of each shipment, geographical limits, etc are worked out when the contract is sighed.Each shipment is covered once the assured declares the details.The assured may be authorized to issue against payment a pre-printed insurance certificate which is valid after completion of shipment details and his signature for documentation purposes.33.A warranty is an assurance by one party to a contract of the existence of a fact upon which the other party may rely.It is intended precisely to relieve the promise of any duty to ascertain the fact for himself, and it amounts to a promise to indemnify the promise for any loss if the fact warranted proves untrue.34.Receipt means that the goods have come into the control of the buyer without regard to ownership or to agreement to any aspect of the goods.35.Acceptance means that the buyer has the control of the goods with consent regarding the goods delivered.36.A force majeure event is one that can generally be neither anticipated nor brought under control.37.Private dispute resolution refers to the settlement of dispute privately instead of by litigation.38.Mediation is informal, voluntary process in which an impartial person, trained in facilitation and negotiation techniques, help the parties reach a mutually acceptable resolution.39.Consular invoice: usually a copy or an original of the commercial invoice and transport document that has been recorded and stamped by a consul of the destination country.A consular invoice is a document prepared by the shipper and certified in the country of origin by a consul of the country of importation, e.g., at the consular section of the embassy.It shows the transaction details such as name of exporting firm, name of consignee, country of origin, place of loading, description of goods, quantity, weight/measurement, etc.It is required by the importing country in order for them to compile statistics, to control import, and to check the origin of goods and the credit of exporter.40.Customs invoice: generally a destination country customs form.Such forms duplicate much of the information on the commercial invoice and packing list, and additionally require information or answers to questions of particular interest to customs in determining the admissibility of the goods and assessing duty and/or tax.Such customs invoices are currently required by relatively few countries, and typically only for higher value shipments or shipments of certain commodities, and/or in cases where the importer may be seeking some type of preferential treatment or admissibility by customs.This invoice is required by the destination country in order to clear the goods through Customs, to compile statistics, to verify country of origin for import duty and tax purpose, to compare export price and domestic price, and to fix anti-dumping duty.41.Certificate of origin: a document issued by a government agency, a chamber of commerce or relevant association.An importing country often asks for such a certificate in order to extend preferential duties to goods form acceptable countries, to apply import controls such as sanction, quota, or anti-dumping duty and to collect statistics.42.Pro-forma invoice: a document created in the format of a commercial invoice, but not actually constituting an invoice(i.e., not a demand for the payment of money).It should contain all or most of the information which will or should appear on a prospective commercial invoice should the described transaction materialize.Pro-forma invoice are commonly used as a format for rendering a quotation for the sale of goods, particularly an export sale where the trade terms and/or shipping and other incremental cost must be specially accounted for if they are included within the total transaction price.It is not a record of sales effected already, but a representation of a sales invoice issued before a transaction has been concluded.43.Packing list: a supplement to a commercial invoice to show the details of a shipment when specifications, quantities, weights or contents of individual units in the shipment vary(e.g., car parts).It is used in order to recognize the goods, to clear the Customs, and to check the goods.44.Mate’s receipt: a document issued by the mate of the carrying vessel when loading is completed.Shipper then exchanges the receipt for a B/L at the shipping company.It has no legal authority regarding processing financial settlement of international consignments but merely confirms cargo is placed on board a ship pending issue of a B/L.Part IV: Answer the Following Questions 1.What is international trade? 2.What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business? 3.What is the most essential motive to pursue international trade? 4.What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits? 5.Pleas give the four major operation forms chosen by most companies.6.What does balance of payments account mean? 7.What are the basic sources of international revenue and expenditure for most countries? 8.Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portofolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons.9.What is MNE? What are its synonyms? 10.Please give examples to explain “Services are earnings other than those from goods.” 11.What influences the international operational forms which a company will choose? 12.What limits a firm’s sales?
13.Why is merchandise exports and imports the firs type of foreign operations in which a firm gets involved? 14.What does “royalties” mean? 15.What is “franchising”?
16.What is the definition for contract? What may happen if any party fails to fulfill his contractual obligations? 17.What are the two parties of business negotiations? And give examples as you can.18.Why do the trading parties usually prefer a written contract? What is the difference between a sales contract and a sales(purchase)confirmation? 19.What does the setting up of a contract generally contain? 20.What does the contract proper usually include? 21.Please explain in English what the meaning of chartering is and its character.22.What is time of delivery and what has to be paid attention to in stipulating the time of shipment? 23.Please tell the functions of a bill of lading.24.What are the main kinds of bill of lading in international trade? 1.簡述國際貿(mào)易中包裝的重要性及約定包裝條件的意義。2.國際貿(mào)易中商品運(yùn)輸包裝的要求有哪些? 3.簡述運(yùn)輸包裝的分類情況。
4.國際貿(mào)易中商品銷售包裝的要求有哪些?
5.設(shè)計和制作銷售包裝時,應(yīng)做好哪些工作? 6.條形碼的使用對國際貿(mào)易有何促進(jìn)作用?
7.影響定牌生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的原因有哪些?其具體做法是什么? 8.聯(lián)合國制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志的原因是什么?其作用有哪些? 9.買賣雙方制定合同中包裝條款時應(yīng)注意哪些問題? 10.各國法律對實際履行作為一種救濟(jì)方法的規(guī)定有何不同? 11.大陸法、英美法和《公約》對損害賠償責(zé)任的成立各有什么規(guī)定? 12.各國法律對損害賠償范圍的規(guī)定有何不同?
13.各國法律對構(gòu)成解決合同的條件的規(guī)定有何不同?我國又是怎樣規(guī)定的? 14.處理理賠工作時應(yīng)該主要哪些問題?
15.按英國法規(guī)定,賣方行使停運(yùn)權(quán)有幾種方法?行使停運(yùn)權(quán)時應(yīng)注意拿幾個條 件?
16.按《英國貨物買賣法》的規(guī)定,所交貨物與合同不符違反要件的情況有幾種?
Keys to the questions:
1.International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders.It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications.It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries.Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2.Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3.To gain profit.4.To seek out foreign markets and procurement.5.There are four major forms which are the following: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6.It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation(eg.the United States)and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7.Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8.Yes.There are great differences between them.1)direct investment takes place when control follows the investment.It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad.It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets.Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting.And sometimes it involves two or more parties.18 2)While portfolio investments are not under control.And they are used primarily for financial purposes.Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9.MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise.Its synonyms are NNC(the multinational corporation)and TNC(transnational corporation).10.Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11.The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12.It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13.This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14.Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licensing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15.It is a way of doing business in which one party(the franchiser)the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.16.A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties.And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.17.There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written.The former refers to direct discussions abroad;written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers.18.A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction.It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.19.The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements.It generally contains: 1)the title.The type of the contract is indicated in the title;2)the contract proper.It is the main part of a contract;3)the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer;4)the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties.20.It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance, commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc.21.It is also called tramp.A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing.It is first in one trade and then in another, always seeking those ports where there is a demand at the moment for shipping space.The shipper 19 charters the ship from the ship-owner and uses it to carry the goods.It falls into 3 kinds: voyage charter, time charter and demise charter.22.The time of delivery refers to the time limit during which the seller shall deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed place by the agreed methods.There are the following ways to stipulate the time of delivery in the contract.In stipulate the time of delivery we have to pay attention to the followings:(1)The shipment date should be made in such a manner that it facilitates the seller and enables the seller to effect shipment on time and perform the relevant obligations stipulated in the contract.For instance, the seller should be given a period of reasonable time for arranging the supply of the contracted goods.(2)Different shipment period should be fixed, based on the availability of shipping space, for contracted goods of different nature.An unreasonable short time for shipment shall cause no little inconvenience to the seller.(3)According to the relevant stipulations of(Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits): Expressions such as “prompt”;“immediately”, “as soon as possible” and the like should not be used.If they are used banks will disregard them.(4)Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expressions “ loading on board”, “dispatch”, “accepted for carriage”, “flight date”, “date of post receipt”, ”date of pickup“ and in the case of a credit calling for or allowing a multi-modal transport document the expression “taking in charge”.(5)If the expression “on or about” and similar expressions are used, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from the five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days included.The words “to”, “until”, “till”, “from” and words of similar expressions applied to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned.The word “after” will be understood to exclude the date mentioned.The term “first half”, “second half” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th, and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.The terms “beginning”, “middle”, or “end” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th', and the 21st to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.23.The Bill of Lading has three important functions.a.It is a receipt for goods signed by the shipping company and given to the shippers;b.It is also evidence of a contract of carriage between the shipping company and shippers.In addition, c.it is a document of title because the legal owner of the Bill of Lading is the owner of the goods.For this reason the Bill of Lading can be used to transfer the goods-from one owner to another.“When the exporters complete it, they can write the buyer’s name in the space, “consignee”.This means the consignee is the legal owner of the goods, 20 as named on Bill of Lading.Otherwise the exporters can write “to other” in the consignee space.Underneath “to order” they write the name and address of the agent.Then the agent in the importing country can endorse the bill to the buyer.In this way the importers can transfer the consignment to their customers.This means that there has to be a separate Bill of Lading for each consignee and several consignments can not be consolidated on to one bill.24.There are several types of Bills of Lading which are categorized in different ways.(1).On board B/L and received for shipment B/L According to whether the goods are loaded or not, the bills of lading can be classified into on board(or shipped)B/L and received(or received for shipment)B/L.A shipped on board B/L is evidence that the goods have been loaded on board a certain steamer.It commences with the wording “Shipped in apparent good order and condition”, According to general foreign trade practices, only the shipped on board B/L is accepted by banks for payment under a L/C.(2).Clean bill and unclean bill According to whether there are notes on the B/L, it falls into 2 kinds: clean B/L and unclean B/L.A clean B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board a vessel in apparent good order and condition, and there is no modification of the shipowner.This bill of lading is called “clean” or “unclaused”.It confirms that the goods have not suffered apparent or outside damage and there does not seem to be any defect in the packing.By issuing clean bill of lading, the shipowner admits his full liability of the cargo described in the Bill under the law and his contract.This type is much favored by banks for financial settlement purpose.Unclean B/L is generally marked “insufficiently packed”, “covers old and stained”, “wet by rain”, “…packed in damaged condition”, “unclean”, “foul”, etc.There are many recurring types of such clauses including inadequate packaging, unprotected machinery, wet or stained cartons, damaged crates, etc.This type of B/L is usually unacceptable to a bank.But not all B/L(s)which are noted are unclean B/L.(3).A straight B/L, An order B/L and A blank B/L According to whether the B/L is transferable, it is divided into 3 kinds: straight B/L, order B/L and blank B/L.A straight B/L is made out so that only the named consignee at the destination is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.The consignee is designated by the shipper.The carrier has to hand over the cargo to the named consignee, not to any third party in possession of the bill.This kind of B/L is not transferable.The shipper cannot pass the bill to a third party by endorsement.So the bill is of very restricted application.When the goods are shipped on a non-commercial basis, such as samples or exhibits, materials in aid of other countries, or when the goods are extremely valuable, a straight B/L is generally issued.21 An order B/L indicates that the bill is made out to the order of or to order of …any person named in such a bill, which may be transferred /negotiated after endorsement.So it is sometimes called transferable B/L.It is because of this that nowadays, it is commonly used in international practice.A blank B/L is also called open B/L or bearer B/L.It refers to the bill in which the name of a definite consignee is not mentioned.The area in B/L calling for the name of the consignee is left blank, with neither the name of the consignee nor the phraseology of “to order” filled in.This kind of B/L can be transferred/ negotiable without endorsement.There usually appear in the box of consignee words like “to bearer” and holder of the B/L can take delivery of the goods against the surrender of B/L, i.e., ownership of the goods passes when the bill is handed over to anyone.(4).Direct B/L, A transshipment B/L, A through B/L According to the modes of transport, it can be divided into 3 kinds.A direct B/L is referred to the consignment carried to the port of destination directly without transshipment.A transhipment B/L is issued by shipping companies when there is no direct service between the port of loading and port of destination, and the ship owner arranges to tranship the cargo at an intermediate port at his expense.This kind of Bill usually bears such a clause “Transhipment to be made”
A through B/L is issued when the entire voyage involves more than one carrier, where the ocean shipment forms only part of the complete journey and, subsequent thereto, the goods have to be carried by other land or sea carriers.The first carrier issues the bill and collects the freight for the entire voyage, and arranges transshipment and forwarding of the goods at the intermediate port.The shipper prefers this kind of B/L because of the trouble having been saved to deal with other carriers by himself.(5).A long form B/L, A short form B/L According to the contents of the B/L, it can be divided into 2 forms: Long Form B/L and Short Form B/L A long form B/L refers to the B/L on the back of which all the detailed terms and conditions about the rights and obligations of the carrier and the consignor are listed as an integral part of the bill.It is more frequently used.A short form B/L is a document which omits the terms and conditions on the back of B/L.(6).A freight prepaid B/L, A freight to be collected B/L According to the time for payment of freight, it can be divided into 2 types.A freight prepaid B/L means that all the freight is paid by the consignor when B/L is issued by the carrier on which “freight prepaid” is indicated.A freight to be collected B/L refers to the B/L on which “freight payable at destination” is indicated.22(7).A liner B/L, A charter party B/L According to the types of the carrying vessels, it can be classified into a liner B/L and a charter party B/L.(8).Other types of B/L Besides the above-mentioned types of B/L there are some other types such as: container B/L;on Deck B/L;stale B/L;groupage B/L;house B/L;antedated B/L and advanced B/L.1.答:包裝重要性體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:
(1)是實現(xiàn)商品價值和使用價值的重要手段,是商品生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)之間的橋梁。
(2)出口商品需經(jīng)過長距離輾轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)輸,有時需多次裝卸、搬運(yùn)和存儲,包裝可保證商品質(zhì)量和數(shù)量完整,方便貨物裝卸、搬運(yùn)、儲存。
(3)商品生產(chǎn)過程,包裝是最后一道工序;在流通領(lǐng)域中,包裝具有保護(hù)商品、美化商品、宣傳商品、提高售價的重要作用,并可作為對外競爭的重要手段。約定包裝條件的意義在于:
(1)不僅起到保護(hù)和美化商品作用,且包裝本身還是貨物說明的組成部分。
(2)按一些國家法律解釋,如一方違反了所約定的包裝條件,另一方有權(quán)提出索賠,甚至拒收貨物。
2.答:(1)必須適應(yīng)商品特性。(2)必須適應(yīng)各種不同運(yùn)輸方式的要求。(3)必須考慮有關(guān)國家的法律規(guī)定和客戶要求。
(4)要保證包裝牢固的前提下節(jié)省費(fèi)用,便于各環(huán)節(jié)有關(guān)人員進(jìn)行操作以免使貨物遭受損失。
3.答:(1)按包裝方式,可分為單件運(yùn)輸包裝和集合運(yùn)輸包裝,后者又分為集裝包和集裝袋。
(2)按包裝造型,可分為箱、袋、桶和捆等方式。
(3)按包裝材料,可分為紙制,金屬、木制、麻制品、玻璃制品、陶瓷制品及竹、柳、草制品包裝等。
(4)按包裝質(zhì)地,可分為軟性,半硬性和硬性包裝。(5)按包裝程度,可分為全部包裝和局部包裝。
4.答:(1)便于陳列展銷,以吸引顧客和供消費(fèi)者選購。(2)便于識別商品,以便消費(fèi)者了解,看貨成交。(3)便于攜帶和使用,為消費(fèi)者提供方便。
(4)要有藝術(shù)吸引力,以便吸引顧客、提高售價、擴(kuò)大銷路。
5.答:(1)包裝的裝潢畫面要美觀大方,富有藝術(shù)吸引力,突出特點,圖案和色彩要適應(yīng)有關(guān)國家民族習(xí)慣和愛好,便于擴(kuò)大出口。
(2)包裝上的文字說明應(yīng)同裝潢畫面緊密配合,互相襯托,以達(dá)到宣傳和促銷目的,使用文字應(yīng)簡明扼要,并能讓顧客看懂,必要時可中、外文并用。
23(3)包裝上標(biāo)簽應(yīng)注意有關(guān)國家的標(biāo)簽管理條例,尤其是食品、藥品、服裝。(4)銷售包裝還應(yīng)注意條形碼技術(shù)的使用問題。
6.答:(1)有效提高結(jié)算效率和準(zhǔn)確性,也方便了顧客。
(2)有利于提高國際間貿(mào)易信息傳遞的準(zhǔn)確性,使交易雙方及時了解對方 商品有關(guān)資料和本國商品在對方的銷售情況。
(3)條形碼的使用是有效促使名優(yōu)商品打入許多國家超級市場的前提條件。7.答:定牌生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的原因有:
(1)世界許多國家超級市場、大百貨公司和專業(yè)商店在其經(jīng)營出售商品上標(biāo)有本商店使用的商標(biāo)或品牌,以擴(kuò)大本企業(yè)知名度并顯示該商品身價。
(2)出口廠商為利用買方經(jīng)營能力及商業(yè)信譽(yù)和品牌聲譽(yù),以提高商品售價和擴(kuò)大銷路,也采用定牌生產(chǎn)。
我國出口貿(mào)易中定牌生產(chǎn)具體做法有:
(1)在商品或包裝上,打印上外商所指定的商標(biāo)或品牌,而不標(biāo)明生產(chǎn)國別和出口廠商名稱。
(2)在商品或包裝上,表明我國的商標(biāo)或品牌,同時加注國外商號名稱或表示其商號的標(biāo)記。
(3)在商品或包裝上,采用買方指定商標(biāo)或品牌,同時注明“中國制造”字樣。8.答:制定原因為:(1)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志內(nèi)容較多。(2)有時要加進(jìn)一些不必要項目。
(3)各國和各種運(yùn)輸方式之間對運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志的要求差異較大,不能適應(yīng)國際貨物流動量的增加和多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的開展,不利于電子計算機(jī)在運(yùn)輸和單證流轉(zhuǎn)方面的應(yīng)用。作用有:
(1)減少了運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志內(nèi)容,節(jié)省出口成本、時間和費(fèi)用。(2)提高計算機(jī)操作和審單效率,加速船舶和資金周轉(zhuǎn)。
(3)消除因運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志內(nèi)容過多和繁雜而可能造成的失誤和困難,保證交貨的順利進(jìn)行。9.答:
(1)對包裝要求應(yīng)當(dāng)明確具體,做到明確規(guī)定包裝材料、造型、規(guī)格。除傳統(tǒng)商品外不宜采用“按慣常方式包裝”等含糊包裝術(shù)語。另外,除非買賣雙方對具體內(nèi)容事先充分交換意見或在長期業(yè)務(wù)往來中就問題取得一致認(rèn)識,包裝條款一定要明確具體。
(2)應(yīng)訂明包裝費(fèi)用由何方負(fù)擔(dān)。按慣例,包裝費(fèi)用一般在貨價之內(nèi),包裝條款中無須另行訂明。若買方堅持要求對原本不需包裝的商品實施特殊包裝,導(dǎo)致包裝費(fèi)用超出正常,增加產(chǎn)品成本,或包裝物料剛好構(gòu)成產(chǎn)品成本增加時,則訂明包裝費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)。若賣方同意接受買方提供包裝,包裝條款中還應(yīng)訂明寄送包裝方法,包裝送達(dá)日期,送交包裝延遲責(zé)任及運(yùn)送包裝費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)等內(nèi)容。進(jìn)口合同中對包裝技術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的商品通常在單價后注明“包括包裝費(fèi)用”,以免發(fā)生糾紛。
24(3)明確由何方提供運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志。按慣例,運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志可由買方提供,也可由賣方?jīng)Q定。賣方?jīng)Q定時可不訂入合同,或只訂明“賣方標(biāo)志”,由賣方設(shè)計后通知買方。買方提供時應(yīng)在合同中規(guī)定買方提供時間,如超過時間賣方可提出其他補(bǔ)救方法。
(4)明確包裝不良應(yīng)負(fù)的責(zé)任。保險公司一般不負(fù)責(zé)因包裝不良造成的損失。在包裝條款中,應(yīng)對包裝不善所造成損失的索賠問題作適當(dāng)規(guī)定,以防止進(jìn)口貨物因包裝不良受到損失,對儀器、機(jī)器設(shè)備進(jìn)口時使用的包裝條款,更應(yīng)就索賠問題作出詳細(xì)規(guī)定。10.答:(1)大陸法系將實際履行作為一種主要的救濟(jì)方法。(2)英美法系將實際履行作為例外的輔助性的救濟(jì)方法。(3)按《公約》的規(guī)定,當(dāng)事人有權(quán)要求對方實際履行合同義務(wù)。
11.答:(1)大陸法系認(rèn)為,損害賠償責(zé)任的成立,必須具備以下三個條件: 必須要有A、必須要有損害事實。B、須有歸責(zé)于債務(wù)人的原因。
C、損害是由于債務(wù)人應(yīng)予負(fù)責(zé)的原因造成。
(2)英美法認(rèn)為,只要一方違約,就足以構(gòu)成對方可以提起損害賠償之訴。(3)《公約》認(rèn)為,損害賠償是一種主要的救濟(jì)方法。
12.答:(1)《德國民法典》認(rèn)為,損害賠償?shù)姆秶鷳?yīng)包括違約所造成的與實際損失和所得利益兩方面。法國法關(guān)于損失賠償?shù)姆秶脑瓌t與德國法是一致的。(2)英美法認(rèn)為,損失賠償?shù)姆秶?,是使由于債?wù)人違約而蒙受損害的一方,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上能處于該合同得到履行時同等地位。另外還規(guī)定,一方違約,另一方有 義務(wù)采取一切合理的措施以減少違約造成的損失,否則本來可以合理避免的損 失,不能要求給以賠償。
(3)我國《涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法》對損害賠償金額的確定,遵循兩個原則: A、當(dāng)事人賠償責(zé)任應(yīng)相當(dāng)于另一方所受的損失。
B、賠償責(zé)任不得超過違約方在訂立合同時應(yīng)當(dāng)預(yù)見到的因違反合同可能造成的 損失。
(4)《公約》對此也有規(guī)定、A、一方當(dāng)事人違反合同應(yīng)負(fù)的損害賠償額,應(yīng)與另一方當(dāng)事人因他違反合同而 遭受的包括利潤在內(nèi)的損失額相等。
B、為限制守約方漫天要價,還規(guī)定了守約方可以得到的損害賠償“不得超過違反合同一方在訂立合同時,按照他當(dāng)時已知道或理應(yīng)知道的事實和情況,對違反合同預(yù)料和理應(yīng)預(yù)料到的可能損失”。
13.答:(1)大陸法對此規(guī)定得比較簡單。大陸法認(rèn)為,只要合同一方當(dāng)事人不履行其合同義務(wù)時,對方就有權(quán)解除合同。
(2)英國法認(rèn)為,一方違約構(gòu)成違反要件,對方才可要求解除合同;如果一方 僅僅是違反擔(dān)保,對方只能請求損害賠償,而不能要求解除合同。美國法與英國 法的規(guī)定有些相似。
25(3)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》認(rèn)為,合同一方不履行義務(wù)構(gòu)成根本性違約,另一方有權(quán)解除合同。
(4)我國《涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法》認(rèn)為,一方違約,另一方在下列兩種情況下才能 要求解除合同:
A、違約必須導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重影響訂立合同所期望的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。
B、如果一方在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)沒有履行合同義務(wù),而且在被允許的推遲履行 的合理期限內(nèi)仍未履行,則守約方可要求解除合同義務(wù)。
14.答:(1)認(rèn)真細(xì)致身后國外買方提出的單證和出證機(jī)構(gòu)的合法性。(2)認(rèn)真做好調(diào)查研究、弄清事實、分清責(zé)任。(3)要合理確定損失程度、金額、和賠付辦法。15.答:(1)兩種辦法:
A、通過實際占有貨物的辦法行使停運(yùn)權(quán)。
B、把行使停運(yùn)權(quán)的要求通知占有貨物的承運(yùn)人和貨物的保管人,但要按賣方的 指示處置貨物。
(2)未收貨款的賣方在行使停運(yùn)權(quán)時要注意必須符合下列三個條件: A、賣方已經(jīng)喪失了對貨物的占有權(quán)。B、賣方必須在買方無力償付時行使停運(yùn)權(quán)。C、賣方必須在貨物處于運(yùn)輸過程中行使其停運(yùn)權(quán)。16.答:(1)賣方所交貨物不具備商銷品質(zhì)。(2)賣方所交貨物與合同說明不一樣。(3)賣方所交貨物不適合約定的特殊用途。(4)賣方所交貨物與憑樣成交時的品種不符。(5)賣方所交貨物與合同規(guī)定的品種不同。
(6)賣方所交貨物在數(shù)量上大于或小于合同規(guī)定的數(shù)量。
Part V: Case Study
1.A company concludes a contract under CIF term.It receives a L/C issued abroad on 1 July.The opening date of the L/C is 20 June and the validity of the L/C is 15 August.Suppose that:(1)the L/C stipulates ”Prompt Shipment“,then the latest date of shipment is()。(2)the L/C stipulates ”Shipment on or about 20th July",then the date of shipment is()。(3)the beneficiary starts the shipment on 10 July and finishes it on 12 July.The ship arrives the port of destination on 20 August.The buyer takes delivery of the goods also on 20 August.Then, the date of B/L should be().The date of insurance policy should be().The time of document presentation should be not late than().The time of delivery for the seller is()。
2.Company CH exported to a Nigerian company a consignment of torches totaling about 60000 pounds.The relevant L/C from Nigeria stipulated, “The goods shall be shipped by six installments from June to November” Company CH shipped the goods in compliance with the prescription of the L/C in June, July and August, and obtained the relevant installment payments.However, in September the goods could not be loaded on board because a heavy typhoon was attacking the coastal area.Then, company CH decided to continue with the shipment in October.When the documents were sent to Nigeria, the Issuing Bank was justified in refusing payment? Please refer to relative stipulations in the UCP 600 and explain the reasons.3.A ship started on its voyage after loading, but in the course of the journey a fire broke out during transit in Hold A, which had been loaded with stationary and tea.The captain ordered his crew to pour water on the fire.It was found out, after the fire was extinguished, that part of the stationery had been burned, the remainder and the tea had been soaked through.Then, what risk would you have covered if you had wanted to be compensated for the losses? 4.A Chinese export company concluded a business with a British agent in 2005 metric tons of commodity at DM 345 CFR Antwerp per metric ton.The time of shipment was November 2005 and February 2006.The agent issued the relevant letter of credit on time, stipulating the latest date of shipment as December31, 2005.The original ship the Chinese company booked, however, came to the port of shipment on December 31.Because of unidentified reasons, the goods were actually shipped on the 18th of January 2006.The Chinese export company put the issuing date of the bill of lading back to December 31, 2005, and obtained payment from the bank against the relevant documents.The ship reached Antwerp in early April 2006.This aroused doubt from the client, who, after inviting the court surveyors, went aboard and examined the logbook.When the client found out that the actual date of shipment was January 18, 2006, he refused to take delivery and claimed compensation from the Chinese export company.How would you settle this issue? 5.In 2005, a certain export company of China sent a group of businessmen to the United States for purchase of equipment.In New York both parties reached an oral agreement on such items as specifications, unit price, and quantity.Upon leaving, the group indicated to the other party that, when they got back to Beijing, they would draw a contract, which would become effective after being signed by both parties.After going back to Beijing, the group found that the clients withdrew their import of the equipment, and thus the contract was not signed and the L/C was not opened, either.The US side urged the Chinese side to perform the contract;otherwise they would lodge a claim with the Chinese side in the US.Please analyze the case and give an opinion on how the Chinese export company was to deal with this case and why? 6.A Chinese trading company E concluded a transaction in steel with a Hong Kong company W on the basis of FOB China Port.Company W immediately resold the steel to Company H in Libya on the terms of CFR Liberia.The L/C form W required the price terms to be FOB China Port and the goods to be directly delivered to Liberia.The L/C also required “Freight Prepaid” to be indicated on Bill of Lading.Why did Company W perform so? What should we do about it? 7.A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sales Contract with a Holland firm on August 5, 2000, selling a batch of certain commodity.The contract was based on CIF Rotterdam at USD 2500 per metric ton.The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean-on-board Bill of Lading.During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea.Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly.The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller.How would you deal with this case? 8.The ABC Company exported a consignment of silk.As the shipping marks in the relevant L/C were not clear, the person in charge thought that the L/C did not stipulate the shipping marks.He, then, made the shipping marks himself.As a result, discrepancies occurred between the made shipping marks and those stated in the L/C.The buyers, therefore, refused to pay for the documents.However, after negotiation, the buyers agreed to pay only when the ABC Company had reduced the original prices by 10 percent.What lesson can we learn from this case? 9.Mr.Smith, an American businessman, sold a batch of IBM computers to a Hong Kong importer, Mr.Chen.The sales contract was concluded in the United States of America on the terms of CIF Hong Kong.During execution of this contract, disputes arose between the seller and the buyer on the form and interpretation of the contract.In such a case, did the law of the U.S.A.or the law of Hong Kong apply to the disputes? Why? 10.我某外貿(mào)公司向日本商人以D/P見票即付方式推銷某商品,對方答復(fù)如我方接受D/P見票后90天付款條件,并通過他指定的A銀行代收貨款則可接受。請分析日方提出此項要求的出發(fā)點。
11.一載貨船舶在航行途中不慎擱淺,事后船長下令反復(fù)開倒車,強(qiáng)行起浮,但船上輪機(jī)受損并且船底劃破,致使海水滲進(jìn)貨艙,造成船貨部分受損。該船駛進(jìn)附近的一港口修理并暫卸大部分貨物,共花一周時間,增加了各項費(fèi)用支出,包括船員工資共8000美元。船修復(fù)后裝上原貨重新啟航后不久,A艙起火,船長下令灌水滅火。A艙原載有兒童玩具、茶葉等,滅火后發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童玩具一部分被燒毀,另一部分兒童玩具和全部茶葉被水浸濕。試分析上述各項損失的性質(zhì),并說明在投保何種險別的情況下,保險公司方負(fù)責(zé)賠償?
12.我國某出口公司向法國出口貨物一批,合同中的貿(mào)易術(shù)語是CIF MARSEILLES,賣方在合同規(guī)定的時間和裝運(yùn)港裝船,貨船離港后不久便觸礁沉沒。次日,當(dāng)賣方憑提單、保險單 28 以及發(fā)票等有關(guān)單據(jù)通過銀行向買方要求付款時,買方以無法收到合同中規(guī)定的貨物為由,拒絕接受單據(jù)和付款。問:我方應(yīng)該如何處理?
13.某公司向國外出口一批儀器,合同規(guī)定由買方提供嘜頭,但截至買方提供時間屆滿為止,仍未見其通知設(shè)計情況,而該公司貨已備好。問:該公司應(yīng)如何處理此事?
14.某公司以FOB條件出口一批茶具,買方要求公司代為租船,費(fèi)用由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。由于公司在約定日期無法租到合適的船,且買方不同意更換條件,以致延誤了裝運(yùn)期,買方以此為由提出撤銷合同。
問:買方的要求是否合理?
15.某公司以CPT條件出口一批冬裝,公司按期將貨物交給指定承運(yùn)人,但運(yùn)輸途中由于天氣原因延期一個月,錯過了銷售季節(jié),買方由此向該公司提出索賠。問:此項損失應(yīng)由誰承擔(dān)?
16.我方按CIF 條件進(jìn)口一批床單,貨物抵達(dá)我方后發(fā)現(xiàn)床單在運(yùn)輸途中部分受潮,而賣方已如期向我方提交了合同規(guī)定的全套合格單據(jù)并要求我方支付貨款。問:我方是否能以所交貨物受潮而拒付貨款或向賣方提出索賠?
17.英國某公司以CFR 條件進(jìn)口一批大豆,在約定日期未收到賣方的裝船通知,卻收到賣方要求該公司支付貨款的單據(jù)。過后我方接到貨物,經(jīng)檢驗部分貨物在運(yùn)輸途中因海上風(fēng)險而丟失。
問:該公司應(yīng)如何處理?
18.我方按CIP 條件進(jìn)口10 頓化肥,先經(jīng)上海運(yùn)輸,抵達(dá)目的港后轉(zhuǎn)為鐵路運(yùn)輸,我方受領(lǐng)貨物后,賣方要求我方支付貨款和鐵路運(yùn)費(fèi),請問賣方行為是否合理?
19.我方某公司出口一批凍雞,貨物抵達(dá)目的港后經(jīng)海關(guān)檢驗發(fā)現(xiàn)因包裝不良導(dǎo)致部分凍雞變質(zhì),外商據(jù)此向我方提出索賠,請問外商做法是否合理?
20.我方某公司從國外進(jìn)口一批手套,合同上規(guī)定每箱60 雙,共100 箱。貨物運(yùn)抵大連海關(guān)后,經(jīng)檢驗發(fā)現(xiàn)外商擅自改為每箱50 雙,共計120 箱。請問我方若據(jù)此提出拒收和索賠是否合理?
Keys to case study:
1.July 1, 15 July-25 July, 12 July, on or before 12 July, 2 August, 12 July 2.The Issuing Bank was justified in refusing payment because it acted in accordance with the relevant stipulations in the UCP 600 stipulates that If drawing and/or shipments by installments within given periods are stipulated in the Credit and any installments is not drawn and/or a shipped within the period allowed for that installment, the credit ceases to be available for that and any subsequent installments??
In this case, the L/C from Nigeria stipulated installment shipments from June to November, and 29 Company CH shipped the goods from June to August and got paid.However, in September Company CH stopped shipping because of a heavy typhoon.In accordance with article 41, the Credit ceased to be availed for the September installment and the subsequent installments, unless otherwise stipulated in the Credit.In this case, as there no other L/C stipulations, the Issuing Bank was right.3.The loss to the stationary pertained to particular average caused by fortuitous accident while the loss to the tea was a partial one, but general average, the losses of G.A.need to be compensated by the interest parties on the proportion value saved??The insurance company will have compensated for the losses if the goods had been insured against F.P.A.4.In this case the Chinese company had to accept the claim.According to international business practice, the date of delivery is one of the essential terms in a contract, which means that, if one party breaches the date of delivery, the other party may ask for compensation from that party.In this case, the seller put back the real date of shipment so as to cheat the buyer and get paid from the relevant bank, thus trying to escape the responsibilities for the delay of shipment.This is not allowed in business practice because the prices in international markets are frequently changing;therefore, time is money.If the buyer had received his goods in time, he might have been able to grasp a good opportunity and achieve a good profit.On the contrary, as a result of delay on the part of the seller, the buyer lost the chance.5.According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form.It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it won’t be bound by Article 11 and its related articles.That is to say, any kind of contracts in China must be evidencing by writing.In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract.This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.6 In this case the contract was concluded between Company E and Company W on FOB term, according to which the seller(Company E)ended his responsibilities when he delivered the goods on board the ship at the port of shipment.He did not need to pay for transportation of the goods or the insurance premium.Therefore, it was not right for W to ask E to pay the freight and indicate “Freight Repaid” on the Bill of Lading.The reason why W asked E to do that might be that he wanted to transfer the freight charges to E.However, in practical dealings, foreign trade companies often come across such situations, especially when a contract is concluded with an agent, who wants to resells the goods.In this case, E might comply with W’s request, but he had to indicated that the freight should be borne by W.7.According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form.It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it won’t be bound by Article 11 and its related articles.That is to say, any kind of 30 contracts in China must be evidencing by writing.In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract.This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.8.The most important lesson we can learn is that, it is essential for the exporter to present documents in accordance with the stipulations of the relevant LC.In this case, finding the shipping marks illegible on the LC, the export salesman in the ABC Company, instead of asking the buyer for clarification, decided the shipping marks himself.This constituted discrepancy between the documents and the LC.Article 14 of the UCP500 clearly indicates, “When the Issuing Bank authorizes another bank to pay, incur a deferred payment undertaking, accept draft(s), or negotiate against documents which appear on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit…” It is clear that the documents presented must be in conformity with the stipulations in the L/C.9.The law of the United States of America applies to this contract because:(a)this was a CIF contract;(b)the place of conclusion of the contract was in the USA;(c)the place of the execution of the contract was also in the USA.The seller completed these responsibilities after he delivered the goods at the port of the USA.10.(1)提出將D/P即期改D/P90天遠(yuǎn)期,旨在推遲付款,利其資金周轉(zhuǎn)。
(2)而日商指定A銀行作為該批托收業(yè)務(wù)的代收行,則是為了便于向該行借單,以便早日獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
在一般的D/P遠(yuǎn)期業(yè)務(wù)中,代收行在未經(jīng)授權(quán)的情況下通常是不會輕易同意付款人借單的。該日商所以提出通過A銀行代收貨款的原因,當(dāng)然是該商與A銀行有既定融資關(guān)系,從而可取得提前借單的便利,以達(dá)到進(jìn)一步利用我方資金的目的。
11.(1)案中因觸礁造成船底劃破,致使海水滲入貨艙,造成船貨的部分損失以及船舶遇惡劣氣候,導(dǎo)致裝載的某貨主的一部分貨物被海水浸濕的損失,屬單獨(dú)海損; 而因修理船只所花費(fèi)的修理費(fèi)和各項費(fèi)用開支共8000美元屬共同海損。A艙起火使一部分兒童玩具被燒毀屬于單獨(dú)海損;
而因灌水滅火使另一部分兒童玩具和全部茶葉被水浸濕屬共同海損。
(2)在投保了平安險的情況下,被保險人有權(quán)就案中所有損失向保險公司提出賠償要求。
12.本案買賣雙方訂立的是CIF合同。CIF合同的含義是賣方負(fù)擔(dān)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷前的一切責(zé)任、費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險。2000通則在CIF解釋中的第B5款規(guī)定:“買方負(fù)擔(dān)貨物越過裝運(yùn)港的船舷后一切貨損貨差的風(fēng)險”。因此,貨船在途中沉沒造成的貨物損失應(yīng)由買方負(fù)擔(dān),買方應(yīng)接受所有單據(jù)并且按合同規(guī)定支付全部貨款。在接受單據(jù)后,買方可以憑單據(jù)向保險單載明的承保人(保險公司)索賠,通常可以獲得相當(dāng)于貨物價值1.1倍的賠償。
13.(1)按國際貿(mào)易習(xí)慣,嘜頭由買方提供時在合同中應(yīng)規(guī)定買方提供時間。如超過時間,賣方可提出其他補(bǔ)救辦法,如自行規(guī)定嘜頭。
(2)該公司在此情況下應(yīng)致電買方詢問延誤原因,請其快速電告所設(shè)計嘜頭,否則將由該公司自行規(guī)定。
14.買方的要求不盡合理。理由如下:
采用FOB術(shù)語成交,一般由買方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙。賣方可以接受賣方的委托代為租船訂艙,但賣方不承擔(dān)租不到船的責(zé)任和風(fēng)險。就此案例來說,因公司代為租船沒有租到,買方又不同意更換條件,因此,該公司不承擔(dān)因自己未租到船而延誤裝運(yùn)的責(zé)任,買方也不能因此提出撤消合同。所以,買方的要求不合理,責(zé)任和風(fēng)險應(yīng)該由買方自己承擔(dān)。
15.此項損失應(yīng)由買方承擔(dān),買方不應(yīng)該向該公司提出索賠。以CPT術(shù)語成交時,風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移以貨交承運(yùn)人為界,即賣方將貨物交給指定承運(yùn)人,風(fēng)險即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移至買方,買方可投貨物保險以確保損失最小。就本案例而言,該公司已將貨物交給承運(yùn)人,運(yùn)輸途中及后期風(fēng)險均由買方自己承擔(dān),因此,該公司可拒絕買方的索賠要求。
16.我方不能因床單受潮而拒付貨款,也不能向賣方提出索賠。理由如下:
(1)采用CIF 術(shù)語成交時,屬于象征性交貨,賣方是憑單交貨,買方是憑單付款,只要賣方如期向買方提交了合同規(guī)定的全套合格單據(jù),即使貨物在運(yùn)輸途中損壞或滅失,買方也必須旅行付款義務(wù)。反之,如果賣方提交的單據(jù)不符合要求,即使貨物完好無損地運(yùn)達(dá)目的地,買方仍有權(quán)拒付貨款。就此案例而言,賣方提交了全套合格單據(jù),我方應(yīng)支付貨款。(2)在CIF 條件下,買賣雙方風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移界限以船舷為界。貨物越過船舷后的風(fēng)險應(yīng)由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。就本案例可以看出,貨物越過船舷之前是完好的,因此賣方不承擔(dān)風(fēng)險。我方據(jù)此不能向賣方提出索賠,可依據(jù)所投險別向保險公司提出索賠。17.該公司可向賣方提出索賠。理由如下:
按CFR 條件成交時,盡管貨物在海運(yùn)途中的風(fēng)險已轉(zhuǎn)移給買方,但買方為降低自己的風(fēng)險可辦理貨運(yùn)保險,這取決于賣方是否及時向買方發(fā)出裝運(yùn)通知。據(jù)慣例解釋,如果賣方未及時向買方發(fā)出裝運(yùn)通知,導(dǎo)致買方未能及時辦理保險手續(xù),由此引起的損失由賣方負(fù)擔(dān)。就本案例而言,該公司貨物部分丟失是由于賣方未發(fā)出裝船通知而公司未辦理保險手續(xù)而引起的損失,故此,該公司應(yīng)向賣方提出索賠。
18.按照CIP 條件成交,賣方要承擔(dān)保險費(fèi)和運(yùn)費(fèi)。因為CIP 條件適合于各種運(yùn)輸方式,風(fēng)險是在承運(yùn)人控制貨物時轉(zhuǎn)移,所以賣方要負(fù)責(zé)辦理交貨地點到指定目的地的全程運(yùn)輸,而不僅僅是水上運(yùn)輸,因此賣方應(yīng)支付全程運(yùn)費(fèi)。就本案例而言,賣方支付了海上運(yùn)輸?shù)馁M(fèi)用,但并沒有將貨物送往指定目的地,因此還需支付鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)馁M(fèi)用。由此,我方應(yīng)支付貨款,但不需支付鐵路運(yùn)費(fèi),賣方行為不盡合理。
19.(1)外商做法是否合理應(yīng)從兩個方面來看。(2)一般來講,保險公司不負(fù)責(zé)因包裝不良所造成的損失。所以在進(jìn)口合同條款中外商應(yīng)對包裝不善造成的損失的索賠問題做出詳細(xì)規(guī)定。若買方已做出規(guī)定,包裝不良造成損失由賣方負(fù)責(zé),那么外商的做法是合理的。若買方未作具體規(guī)定,則外商做法不盡合理,應(yīng)由雙方協(xié)商解決,或提交仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)解決。20.(1)我方據(jù)此提出拒收或索賠是完全合理的。(2)在國際貨物買賣中,如一方違反了所約定的包裝條件,另一方有權(quán)提出索賠,甚至可以拒收貨物。由此可知,雖然外商交貨數(shù)量與合同規(guī)定數(shù)量相符,但他的行為違反了合同中的包裝條款,已構(gòu)成違約,我方可以提出拒收或索賠。
Part VI: Calculation 1.Company A in China exports some goods in carton to UK.They quote: USD50 PER CARTON CFR LONDON.But the businessman in UK requires FOBC2 price.To meet his requirement, how much should we offer then?(Suppose:the measurement of the carton is 45CM x 40CM x 25CM;the gross weight for one carton of goods is 35kgs;the calculation standard for freight tariff is W/M;the basic freight rate is USD120 per freight ton;the BAF is 20% and the port surcharge is10%)。2.We import from Australia 1000 bales of wool.the standard weight is 136.08kg each bale.When the goods reach China, the actual weight of a bale is 137.092kg, the actual moisture measuring 11.84%.Then what is the conditioned weight in total should be?(The acceptable international standard regaining water content of wool and raw silk is 11%.)3.我某公司以CIFC3%條件出口一批貨物,外銷價為每公噸1000 美元,支付運(yùn)費(fèi)80 美元,保險費(fèi)10 美元。該公司進(jìn)貨成本為每公噸4000 元人民幣,國內(nèi)直接和間接費(fèi)用加15%。求該商品出口總成本、出口外匯凈收入、出口換匯成本。
4.我方某公司對外報價FOB 價每公噸500 美元,外商來電要求改報CIF 紐約含傭金3%,保險費(fèi)率合計為0.8%,國外運(yùn)費(fèi)每公噸60 美元。請計算我方應(yīng)報價。
5.我方對外報價每公噸1000 美元CIF 新加坡,外商來電要求改報FOB 價中國口岸,已知保險費(fèi)率為0.85%,國外運(yùn)費(fèi)每公噸75 美元,試計算我方應(yīng)報價。
6.我方某公司對外商報價為CFR 價1000 美元,外商要求改報CFRC4%價,我方應(yīng)報價多少? 7.某合同規(guī)定:CIF 香港,每公噸1000 美元,折扣2%。根據(jù)該合同成交的進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中出口方每公噸凈收入是多少?
8.買賣雙方訂立合同,規(guī)定整套機(jī)械設(shè)備初步價款為100 萬美元,雙方約定原材料、工資、管理費(fèi)和利潤在價格中的比重分別為50%、30%、20%。簽訂合同時物價指數(shù)、工資指數(shù)均為100,交貨時原材料物價指數(shù)、工資指數(shù)分別上升至110、112。假設(shè)雙方約定按物價指數(shù)和工資指數(shù)調(diào)整價款,那么最終價格應(yīng)為多少?
Keys to calculation:
1.1)measurement ton of the carton:0.45*0.4*0.25=0.045 2)weight ton of the carton:0.035 3)0.045>0.035 Based on the w/m, so choose the measurement ton 4)FREIGHT= Freight ton x Basic Freight per F/T x(1+additional freight rates)= 0.045*120*(1+20%+10%)=7.02
5)FOB=CFR-F=50-7.02=42.98(USD)
6)FOBC2=FOB/(1-commission rate)=42.98/(1-2%)=43.86(USD)So, we offer USD43.86 PER CARTON FOBC2 CHINA PORTS.33 2.Wa x(1+standard regaining rate of water)Wc =-1 + actual regaining rate of water In which: Wa-Actual Weight Wc-Conditioned Weight
In this case: Wa = 1000 x 137.092 = 137092 KGS standard regaining rate of water = 11% actual regaining rate of water = 11.84% so, Wc = 137092(1+ 11%)/(1+ 11.84%)= 136062.34KGS 3.解:出口總成本=4000×(1+15%)=4600(人民幣元)
出口外匯凈收入=1000-(80+10+1000×3%)=880(美元)出口換匯成本=4600÷880≈5.227(人民幣元/美元)
4.解:CIFC3%紐約價=(500+60)÷(1-1.1×0.8%-3%)≈582.6(美元)5.解:fob 中國岸價=1000×(1-1.1×0.85%)-75=915.65(美元)6.解:CFRC4%價=1000÷(1-4%)≈1041.7(美元)7.解:出口方單位商品凈收入=1000×(1-2%)=980(美元)8.解:按題意可知P0=100 萬,A=20%,B=50%,C=30%,M=110,M0=100,W=112,W0=100 則最終價格P=100×(20%+50%×110/100+30%×112/100)=108.6(萬美元)
第三篇:國際貿(mào)易理論與實務(wù)考試范圍
國際貿(mào)易理論與實務(wù)考試范圍
第一章:了解對外貿(mào)易依存度
第二章:貿(mào)易理論以及主要觀點,重點比較優(yōu)勢,絕對優(yōu)勢,要素稟賦理論。
第三章 不考
第四章自由貿(mào)易政策定義和保護(hù)貿(mào)易政策定義
保護(hù)貿(mào)易中重商主義,漢密爾頓,李斯特了解
了解關(guān)稅的計稅標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 99、普惠制的原則,了解
了解非關(guān)稅壁壘的特點 116,非關(guān)稅壁壘種類主要進(jìn)口配額制
出口措施了解出口信貸
熟悉定義傾銷。熟悉反傾銷和反補(bǔ)貼部分內(nèi)容論述
熟悉綠色壁壘
第五章熟悉區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的含義和類型 124
熟悉關(guān)稅同盟的兩個靜態(tài)效應(yīng)的定義,貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)移和貿(mào)易創(chuàng)造。141
第六章熟悉世貿(mào)組織的基本原則 154
第七章FOB,CIF.CFR 之間的差異小題目較多
熟悉FOB,CIF 的買賣雙方責(zé)任義務(wù) 簡單題
熟悉象征性交貨
第八章品質(zhì)公差,溢短裝條款熟悉
了解品質(zhì)依據(jù)
第九章了解海運(yùn)班輪運(yùn)輸,租船運(yùn)輸,滯期費(fèi),速遣費(fèi)
了解海運(yùn)提單的作用、了解提單的類型
保險的險別,承包的范圍,風(fēng)險損失 小題目較多
熟悉共同海損以及共同海損的構(gòu)成條件 簡答
熟悉推定全損
第十章計算題,三個價格的換算,增加保險費(fèi),運(yùn)費(fèi),傭金折扣計算 第十一章熟悉匯票使用 296。8個使用動作
熟悉D/P即期和T/T的流程 簡單
三種結(jié)算方式的風(fēng)險比較,熟悉結(jié)算方式分別存在哪些風(fēng)險。熟悉信用證的特點和定義
第十二章了解商檢的主要內(nèi)容342
了解不可抗力的精神原則
了解仲裁的終局性
第十三章了解交易磋商的四個環(huán)節(jié)以及必要環(huán)節(jié)
熟悉發(fā)盤的定義和構(gòu)成條件
第四篇:《國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)》習(xí)題集附答案精簡最終版
《國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)》習(xí)題集
第一模塊 貨物的品質(zhì)
一、不定項選擇題
1、賣方根據(jù)買方來樣復(fù)制樣品,寄送買方并經(jīng)其確認(rèn)的樣品,被稱為(BDE)。A、復(fù)樣
B、回樣
C、原樣
D、確認(rèn)樣
E、對等樣品
2、在國際貿(mào)易中,造型上有特殊要求或具有色香味方面特征的商品適合于(A)A、憑樣品買賣
B、憑規(guī)格買賣
C、憑等級買賣 D、憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣
3、若合同規(guī)定由品質(zhì)公差條款,則在公差范圍內(nèi),賣方(A)A、不得拒收貨物 B、可以拒收貨物 C、可以要求調(diào)整價格 D、可以拒收貨物也可以要求調(diào)整價格
4、大路貨是指(D)
A、適于商銷
B、上好可銷品質(zhì) C、質(zhì)量劣等
D、良好平均品質(zhì)
5、賣方交貨是因采用GMQ標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而發(fā)生爭議,通常的解決方式是(C)A、根據(jù)買方所在國法律解決 B、根據(jù)賣方所在國法律解決 C、同業(yè)公會一仲裁的方式解決 D、國際法庭解決
6、目前我國出口的某些工藝品、服裝、輕工業(yè)品等常用來表示品質(zhì)的方法是(A)A、憑樣品買賣
B、憑規(guī)格買賣
C、憑等級買賣
D、憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣
10、憑樣品買賣時,如果合同中無其他規(guī)定,那么賣方所交貨物(B)A、可以與樣品大致相同
B、必須與樣品完全一致
C、允許有合理公差
D、允許在包裝規(guī)格上有一定幅度的差異
二、判斷題
1、在出口貿(mào)易中,表達(dá)品質(zhì)的方法多種多樣,為了明確責(zé)任,最好采用既憑樣品又憑規(guī)格買賣的方法。N2、在出口憑樣品成交業(yè)務(wù)中,為了爭取國外客戶,便于達(dá)成交易,出口企業(yè)應(yīng)盡量選擇質(zhì)量最好的樣品請對方確認(rèn)并簽訂合同。
N3、在約定的品質(zhì)機(jī)動幅度或品質(zhì)公差范圍內(nèi)的品質(zhì)差異,除非另有規(guī)定,一般不另行增減價格。
Y
第二模塊 貨物的數(shù)量
一、不定項選擇題
1、“以毛作凈”實際上就是(B)。A、以凈重作為毛重作為計價的基礎(chǔ) B、按毛重計算重量作為計價的基礎(chǔ) C、按理論重量作為計價的基礎(chǔ) D、按法定重量作為計價的基礎(chǔ)
2、我國目前使用最多的計量方法(B)。A、按數(shù)量計算
B、按重量計算 C、按長度計算
D、按體積計算
3、國際貿(mào)易中大宗農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品、礦產(chǎn)品及部分工業(yè)制成品習(xí)慣計量方法(C)。A、按面積計算
B、按長度計算 C、按重量計算
D、按容積計算
4、在國際貿(mào)易中,木材、天然氣和化學(xué)氣體習(xí)慣的計量單位(C)。A、按重量計算
B、按面積計算 C、按體積計算
D、按容積計算
5、在國際貿(mào)易中,酒類、汽油等液體商品習(xí)慣的計量單位(D)。A、按重量計算
B、按面積計算 C、按體積計算
D、按容積計算
6、在國際貿(mào)易中,一些貴重金屬如黃金、白銀的習(xí)慣的計量單位(B)。A、克拉
B、盎司
C、長噸
D、公擔(dān)
7、在國際貿(mào)易中最常見的計重方法是(A)。
A、凈重
B、毛重
C、公量
D、法定重量
8、根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定,合同中使用“大約”、“近似”等約量字眼,可解釋為交貨數(shù)量的增減幅度為(B)。A、不超過5%
B、不超過10%
C、不超過15%
D、由賣方自行決定
9、采用FOB術(shù)語成交,數(shù)量的機(jī)動幅度一般由(A)。A、買方和船方共同協(xié)商與以確定 B、賣方和船方共同協(xié)商與以確定 C、賣方單獨(dú)確定 D、船方單獨(dú)確定
10、采用CIF和CFR術(shù)語成交,數(shù)量的機(jī)動幅度一般由(B)。A、買方和船方共同協(xié)商予以確定 B、賣方和船方共同協(xié)商予以確定 C、賣方單獨(dú)確定 D、船方單獨(dú)確定
11、在國際貿(mào)易中通常采用的度量衡制度有(ABCD)。A、英制
B、美制
C、國際單位制
D、公制
12、溢短裝數(shù)量的計價方法包括(ABC)A、按合同價格結(jié)算 B、按裝船日的行市計算
C、按貨物到目的地時的世界市場價格計算 D、由仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)解決 E、由賣方自行決定
二、判斷題
1、某外商來電要我方提供大豆,按含油量18%、含水量14%,不完整粒7%,雜質(zhì)1%的規(guī)格訂立合同。對此,在一般條件下,我方可以接受。N2、中國A公司向《公約》締約國B公司出口大米,合同規(guī)定數(shù)量為50000公噸,允許賣方可溢短裝10%。A公司在裝船時共裝了58000公噸,遭到賣方拒收。按公約的規(guī)定。買方有權(quán)這樣做。
N
第三模塊 貨物的包裝
一.不定項選擇題
1.按照國際慣例,如果合同中沒有相關(guān)規(guī)定,則運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志一般由(B)提供。
A.開證行 B.賣方
C.買方 D.船方
2.定牌中性包裝是指(A)。
A.在商品本身及其包裝上使用買方指定的商標(biāo)/牌號,但不表明產(chǎn)地
B.在商品本身及其包裝上使用買方指定的商標(biāo)/牌號,也表明產(chǎn)地
C.在商品本身及其包裝上不使用買方指定的商標(biāo)/牌號,也不表明產(chǎn)地
D.在商品本身及其包裝上不使用買方指定的商標(biāo)/牌號,但表明產(chǎn)地
3.運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志的作用是(ABCD)。
A.便于識別貨物
B.方便運(yùn)輸
C.易于計數(shù) D.防止錯發(fā)錯運(yùn)
E.促進(jìn)銷售
4.運(yùn)輸包裝從方式上看,可以分為(BC)。
A.混雜包裝 B.單件包裝
C.集合運(yùn)輸包裝
D.中性包裝
E.標(biāo)牌包裝
5.按國際慣例,包裝費(fèi)用(C)。
A.不應(yīng)包括在貨物價格之內(nèi),并在合同中列示 B.應(yīng)包括在貨物價格之內(nèi),但必須在合同中另外列示 C.包括在貨物價格之內(nèi),一般不在合同中另外列示 D.不應(yīng)包括在貨物價格之內(nèi),也不必在合同中列示 6.運(yùn)輸包裝和銷售包裝的分類,是按(D)。
A.包裝的目的來劃分的B.包裝的形式來劃分的
C.包裝所使用的材料來劃分的 D.包裝在流通過程中的作用來劃分的
7、包裝標(biāo)志按其用途,可分為(ABC)。
A.運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志 B.指示性標(biāo)志
C.警告性標(biāo)志 D.識別標(biāo)志
E.條形碼標(biāo)志
8、條碼標(biāo)志主要用于商品的(A)上。
A.銷售包裝 B.運(yùn)輸包裝
C銷售包裝和運(yùn)輸包裝 D.任何包裝 9. 國際貨物買賣合同中的包裝條款,主要包括(ABCD)。
A.包裝材料 B.包裝方式
C.包裝費(fèi)用 D.運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志 10.集合運(yùn)輸包裝可以分為(ABCD)。
A.集裝袋
B.集裝包
C集裝箱 D.托盤
E.桶裝
二.判斷題
1.運(yùn)輸包裝上的標(biāo)志就是指運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志,也就是通常所說的嘜頭。
(N)
2.包裝費(fèi)用通常在單價以外另行計價。
(N)3.以下包裝條款是正確的:木箱裝,然后裝托盤。
(N)4.國際上通用的條形碼有兩類:UPC和EAN。UPC碼是目前國際公認(rèn)的物品編碼標(biāo)識系統(tǒng)。
(N)5.包裝由賣方?jīng)Q定,買方不得要求使用特殊包裝。
(N)6.運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志、指示性標(biāo)志和警告性標(biāo)志都是刷在商品的外包裝上的。(Y)7.對于警告性標(biāo)志,各國一般都有統(tǒng)一規(guī)定。但我國出口危險品貨物除印刷我國的危險品標(biāo)志外,還應(yīng)標(biāo)明國際上規(guī)定的危險品標(biāo)志。
(Y)
8.進(jìn)出口商品包裝上的包裝標(biāo)志,都要在運(yùn)輸單據(jù)上表明。
(Y)
9.采用定牌出口商品時,除非買賣雙方另有規(guī)定,一般都應(yīng)在商品包裝上注明“中國制造”字樣。
(Y)
10.指示性標(biāo)志用圖形或文字表示。
(Y)
第五模塊 貿(mào)易術(shù)語和出口價格核算
一.不定項選擇題
1.貿(mào)易術(shù)語在國際貿(mào)易中的主要作用是(ABCD)。A.簡化交易手續(xù) B.明確交易雙方責(zé)任 C.縮短磋商時間 D.節(jié)省費(fèi)用開支
2.按照《2010年通則》的解釋,采用FOB條件成交,買賣雙方風(fēng)險劃分的界限是(D)。
A.運(yùn)輸工具上 B.裝運(yùn)港船邊
C.裝運(yùn)港船舷 D.裝運(yùn)港船上
3.根據(jù)《2010年通則》的解釋,按CFR術(shù)語成交,賣方無義務(wù)(C)。A.提交貨運(yùn)單據(jù) B.租船訂艙 C.辦理貨運(yùn)保險 D.取得出口許可證
4.按照《2010年通則》的解釋,采用CIF條件成交時,貨物裝船時從吊鉤脫落掉人海里造成的損失由(A)。A.賣方負(fù)擔(dān) B.買方負(fù)擔(dān) C.承運(yùn)人負(fù)擔(dān) D.買賣雙方共同負(fù)擔(dān)
5.按照《2010年通則》的解釋,CIF與CFR的主要區(qū)別在于(B)。A.辦理租船訂艙的責(zé)任方不同 B.辦理貨運(yùn)保險的責(zé)任方不同 C.風(fēng)險劃分的界限不同
D.辦理出口手續(xù)的責(zé)任方不同
6.我國出口公司向德國出口核桃3000公噸,一般應(yīng)采用(D)貿(mào)易術(shù)語為好。A.FOB漢堡 B.FOB青島 C.FOB北京機(jī)場 D.CIF漢堡
7.在實際業(yè)務(wù)中,F(xiàn)OB條件下,買方常委托賣方代為租船、訂艙,其費(fèi)用由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。如到期訂不到艙,租不到船,(A)。A.賣方不承擔(dān)責(zé)任,其風(fēng)險由買方承擔(dān) B.賣方承擔(dān)責(zé)任,其風(fēng)險也由賣方承擔(dān) C. 買賣雙方共同承擔(dān)責(zé)任、風(fēng)險 D.雙方均不承擔(dān)責(zé)任,合同停止履行
8.根據(jù)《2010年通則》的解釋,F(xiàn)OB條件和CFR條件下賣方均應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)(ACD)。A.提交商業(yè)發(fā)票及海運(yùn)提單
B.租船訂艙并支付運(yùn)費(fèi) C.貨物于裝運(yùn)港越過船舷以前的一切風(fēng)險 D.辦理出口通關(guān)手續(xù)
9.按照《2010年通則》的解釋,F(xiàn)OB、CFR與CIF的共同之處表現(xiàn)在(ABD)。A.均適合水上運(yùn)輸方式
B.風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移均為裝運(yùn)港船舷 C.買賣雙方責(zé)任劃分基本相同
D.交貨地點均為裝運(yùn)港 10.價格條款的正確寫法是(D)。
A.每件3.50元CIF香港 B.每件3.50美元CIF C.每件3.50元CIFC倫敦
D.每件3.50美元CIF C 2%倫敦
二.判斷題
1.如果買賣雙方在合同中作出與國際慣例完全相反的約定,只要這些約定是合法的,將得到有關(guān)國家法律的承認(rèn)和保護(hù),并不因與慣例相抵觸而失效。(Y)2.FOB價格條件按各國慣例的解釋都是由賣方負(fù)責(zé)申請領(lǐng)取出口許可證和支付出口稅。(N)
3.以下的價格表示法是否正確:DM75.00CIF Hamburg。
(N)4.按FOB、CFR、CIF三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交,貨物在裝運(yùn)港裝上船以后,風(fēng)險即告轉(zhuǎn)移。因此,當(dāng)貨物到達(dá)目的港后,買方如果發(fā)現(xiàn)到貨品質(zhì)、數(shù)量和/或包裝有任何與合同規(guī)定不符的情況,賣方就不負(fù)責(zé)任。
(N)5.在FOB條件下,賣方可以接受買方委托,代理租船訂艙手續(xù)。(Y)6.使用固定價格,在合同中明確規(guī)定之后,均按合同確定的價格結(jié)算貨款,任何一方不得擅自變更原價格。
(Y)
7、凡是價格中不含傭金的稱為凈價。
(N)8.價格條款包括計量單位、單位價格金額、計價貨幣和價格術(shù)語。(N)4 9.傭金和折扣都是在收到全部貨款之后再支付的。
(N)
第六模塊 國際貨物運(yùn)輸
一.不定項選擇題
1.班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)費(fèi)應(yīng)該包括(A)。
A.裝卸費(fèi),不計滯期費(fèi)、速遣費(fèi) B.裝卸費(fèi),但計滯期費(fèi)、速遣費(fèi) C.卸貨費(fèi)和應(yīng)計滯期費(fèi),不計速遣費(fèi) D.卸貨費(fèi)和速遣費(fèi),不計滯期費(fèi) 2.當(dāng)貿(mào)易術(shù)語采用CIF時,海運(yùn)提單對運(yùn)費(fèi)的表示應(yīng)為(A)。A.Freight Prepaid B.Freight Collect C. Freight Prepayable D.Freight Unpaid 3.國際多式聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸是以至少兩種不同的運(yùn)輸方式將貨物從一國境內(nèi)接受貨物的地點運(yùn)至另一國境內(nèi)指定交付貨物的地點的運(yùn)輸,它由(A)。
A.一個聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸,運(yùn)費(fèi)按全程費(fèi)率一次計收 B.一個聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸,運(yùn)費(fèi)按不同運(yùn)輸方式分別計收 C全程運(yùn)輸方式的經(jīng)營人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸,運(yùn)費(fèi)按全程費(fèi)率一次計收 D.多種運(yùn)輸方式,分別經(jīng)營,分別計費(fèi) 4.班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c是(ABCD)。
A.定線、定港、定期和相對穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi)率
B.由船方負(fù)責(zé)對貨物的裝卸,運(yùn)費(fèi)中包括裝卸費(fèi),不規(guī)定滯期、速遣條款
C.承運(yùn)貨物的品種、數(shù)量較為靈活
D.雙方權(quán)利、義務(wù)\責(zé)任豁免以船公司簽發(fā)的提單的有關(guān)規(guī)定為依據(jù) 5.裝運(yùn)期的規(guī)定辦法通常有(AB)。
A.明確規(guī)定具體裝運(yùn)期限 B.規(guī)定在收到信用證后若干天
C.規(guī)定在某一天裝運(yùn)完畢 D.籠統(tǒng)規(guī)定近期裝運(yùn)
6.在定程租船方式下,我國對裝卸費(fèi)的收取采用較為普遍的辦法是(A)。A.船方不負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi) B.船方負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi)
C.船方只負(fù)擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi),而不負(fù)擔(dān)卸貨費(fèi) D.船方只負(fù)擔(dān)卸貨費(fèi),而不負(fù)擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi) 7.按提單對貨物表面狀況有無不良批注,可分為(AB)。A.清潔提單 B.不清潔提單 C.記名提單 D.不記名提單 8.在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中,能夠作為物權(quán)憑證的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)有(B)。A.鐵路運(yùn)單 B.海運(yùn)提單 C.航空運(yùn)單 D.郵包收據(jù) 9.在業(yè)務(wù)中,出口商完成裝運(yùn)后,憑(C)向船公司換取正式提單。A.發(fā)貨單 B.收貨單 C.大副收據(jù) D.商業(yè)發(fā)票
10.必須經(jīng)背書才能進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓的提單是(C)。
A.記名提單
B.不記名提單
C.指示提單
D.海運(yùn)單
二、判斷題
1.海運(yùn)提單如有三份正本,則憑其中任何一份即可在卸貨港向船公司或船代理提貨。(N)
2.如合同中規(guī)定裝運(yùn)條款為“2003年7/8月份裝運(yùn)”,那么我出口公司必須將貨物于7月、8月兩個月內(nèi),每月各裝一批。(N)
3.凡裝在同一航次、同一條船上的貨物,即使裝運(yùn)時間和裝運(yùn)地點不同,也不作分批裝運(yùn)。
(Y)
4.記名提單比不記名提單風(fēng)險大,故很少使用。
(N)
5.國際鐵路貨物聯(lián)運(yùn)的提單副本,可以作為發(fā)貨人據(jù)以結(jié)算貨款的憑證。
(N)
6.按慣例,速遣費(fèi)通常為滯期費(fèi)的一半。
(Y)7.根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》的規(guī)定,如果信用證中沒有明確規(guī)定是否允許分批裝運(yùn)及轉(zhuǎn)船,應(yīng)理解為允許。
(Y)
8.記名提單和指示提單同樣可以背書轉(zhuǎn)讓。
(N)9.清潔提單是指不載有任何批注的提單。
(N)10.在航空運(yùn)輸中,收貨人提貨憑航空公司的提貨通知單。
(Y)
第七模塊
貨物的保險
一、不定項選擇題
1、海上風(fēng)險有(BC)。
A、雨淋
B、地震
C、失火
D、銹損
2、構(gòu)成共同海損的條件(ABC)。
A、共同海損的危險必須是實際存在的,不是主觀臆測的 B、消除船、貨共同危險而采取的措施必須是合理的 C、必須是屬于非正常性質(zhì)的損失
D、采取措施后,船方和貨方都做出可一定的犧牲
3、海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險中,除合同另有約定外,哪些原因造成貨物損失,保險人不予賠償(ABCD)。A、交貨延遲
B、被保險人的過失 C、市場行情變化
D、貨物自然損耗
4、下列危險中屬于自然災(zāi)害的有(ABCDE)。
A、惡劣氣候
B、雷電
C、海嘯
D、地震
E、火山爆發(fā)
5、下列危險屬于意外事故的有(ABCE)。
A、擱淺
B、觸礁
C、失蹤
D、雷電
E、爆炸
6、構(gòu)成實際全損的情況有(ABC)。
A、保險標(biāo)的物全部滅失
B、保險標(biāo)的物完全變質(zhì)
C、保險標(biāo)的物不可能歸還保險人 D、施救費(fèi)用和救助費(fèi)用超過保險價值
7、出口茶葉,為防止運(yùn)輸途中串味,辦理保險時,應(yīng)投保(BCD)。A、串味險
B、平安險加串味險
C、水漬險加串味險
D、一切險
8、土畜產(chǎn)公司出口腸衣一批,為防止在運(yùn)輸途中因容器損壞而引起滲漏損失,保險時應(yīng)投保(BD)。A、滲漏險
B、一切險
C、一切險加滲漏險
D、水漬險加滲漏險
9、根據(jù)我國海洋運(yùn)輸保險條款規(guī)定,一般附加險包括(ABD)。A、短量險
B、偷竊提貨不著險
C、交貨不到險
D、串味險
10、某國遠(yuǎn)洋貨輪,滿載貨物從s港啟航,途中遇颶風(fēng),貨輪觸礁貨物損失慘重。貨主向其投保的保險公司發(fā)出委付通知,在此情況下,該保險公司可以選擇的處理方法是什么?(AD)A、必須接受委付
B、拒絕接受委付
C、先接受委付,然后撤回 D、接受委付,不得撤回
二、判斷題
1、海上保險業(yè)務(wù)的意外事故,僅局限于發(fā)生在海上的意外事故。
(N)
2、船舶失蹤達(dá)半年以上可以推定全損處理。
(Y)
3、共同海損是部分海損中的一種。
(Y)
4、“一切險”的承保范圍包括由自然災(zāi)害、意外事故以及一切外來風(fēng)險所造成的被保險貨物的損失。
(N)
5、單獨(dú)海損是指載貨船舶在海運(yùn)途中,被保險貨物造成的部分損失。(N)
6、我某公司按CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語進(jìn)口時,在國內(nèi)投保了一切險,保險公司的責(zé)任起訖應(yīng)為倉至倉。
6(Y)
7、在海運(yùn)貨物保險業(yè)務(wù)中,倉至倉條款對于駁船運(yùn)輸造成的損失,保險公司不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
(N)
8、在國際貿(mào)易中,向保險公司投保一切險,在運(yùn)輸途中由于任何外來原因造成的一切貨損,均可向保險公司索賠。
(N)
9、托運(yùn)出口玻璃制品時,白保險人在投保一切先后,還應(yīng)加保破碎險。(N)
10、水漬險的責(zé)任范圍是除平安險責(zé)任范圍以內(nèi)的全部責(zé)任外,還包括由于暴風(fēng)、巨浪等自然災(zāi)害引起的部分損失。
(Y)
第八模塊
貨款的結(jié)算
一、不定項選擇題
1. 某銀行簽發(fā)一張匯票,以另一家銀行為受票人,則這張匯票是(BD)A.商業(yè)匯票 B.銀行匯票 C.商業(yè)承兌匯票 D.銀行承兌匯票 2. 在信用證結(jié)算方式下,匯票的受款人通常的抬頭方式是(B)A.限制性抬頭 B.指示性抬頭 C.持票人抬頭 D.來人抬頭 3.屬于順匯方法的支付方式是(A)A.匯付 B.托收 C.信用證 D.銀行保函
4.所謂信用證“嚴(yán)格相符”的原則,是指受益人必須做到(B)A.單證與合同嚴(yán)格相符 B.單證與信用證嚴(yán)格相符 C.信用證與合同嚴(yán)格相符 D.單證與信用證、合同嚴(yán)格相符 5.屬于銀行信用的國際貿(mào)易支付方式是(C)A.匯付 B.托收 C.信用證 D.票匯
6.在國際貿(mào)易中,用以統(tǒng)一解釋調(diào)和信用證各有關(guān)當(dāng)事人矛盾的國際慣例是(B)A.《托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則》 B.《國際商會第600號出版物》 C.《合約保證書統(tǒng)一規(guī)則》 7.一張有效的信用證,必須規(guī)定一個(B)A.裝運(yùn)期 B.有效期 C.交單期 D.議付期
8.按照《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》的規(guī)定,受益人最后向銀行交單議付的期限是不遲于提單簽發(fā)日的(C)A.11 B.15 C.21 D.25 9.保兌行對保兌信用證承擔(dān)的付款責(zé)任是(A)
A.第一性的 B.第二性的 C.第三性的 D.第四性的 10.受益人開立遠(yuǎn)期匯票但可通過貼現(xiàn)即期足額收款的信用證是(C)A.即期信用證 B.遠(yuǎn)期信用證 C.假遠(yuǎn)期信用證 D.預(yù)支信用證 11.信用證的第一付款人是(B)。A.進(jìn)口商 B.開征行 C.出口商 D.通知行
12.匯票有遠(yuǎn)期和即期之分,在托收業(yè)務(wù)中,(C)。A.只使用遠(yuǎn)期匯票 B.只使用即期匯票 C.有時使用遠(yuǎn)期匯票,有時使用即期匯票
一、判斷題
1.根據(jù)國際慣例,凡信用證上未注明可否轉(zhuǎn)讓字樣,即視為可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證。N 2.不可撤銷信用證列有裝運(yùn)期,而未列有效期,按《國際商會500號出版物》,應(yīng)在最后裝運(yùn)期前向銀行交單。Y 3.在保兌信用證下就付款責(zé)任而言開證行和保兌行同樣負(fù)第一性付款的責(zé)任。Y 4.在承兌交單情況下,是由代收行對匯票進(jìn)行承兌后,向進(jìn)口商交單。N 5.在票匯情況下,買方購買銀行匯票徑寄賣方,因采用的是銀行匯票,故這種付款方式屬于銀行信用。N 7 6.在一般情況下,匯票一經(jīng)付款,出票人對匯票的責(zé)任即告解除。Y 7.貼現(xiàn)是指遠(yuǎn)期匯票經(jīng)承兌后,匯票持有人在匯票尚未到期前在貼現(xiàn)市場上轉(zhuǎn)讓,受讓人扣除貼現(xiàn)息后將票款付給出票人的行為,或是指銀行購買未到期票據(jù)的業(yè)務(wù)。Y 8.電匯收取外匯的時間較短,出口商可盡快收回貨款,加速資金周轉(zhuǎn),節(jié)約利息支出,同時由于收匯時間短,一定程度上可減少匯率波動的風(fēng)險。Y
第九模塊 貨物的檢驗
一、不定項選擇題
1.若使買方在目的港對所收貨物無權(quán)提出異議,商品檢驗應(yīng)(A)。A.以離岸品質(zhì)、離岸重量為準(zhǔn) B.以到岸品質(zhì)、到岸重量為準(zhǔn) C.以離岸品質(zhì)、到岸數(shù)量為準(zhǔn) D.以到岸品質(zhì)、離岸數(shù)量為準(zhǔn)
2.在國際貨物銷售合同的商品檢驗條款中,關(guān)于檢驗時間與地點,目前使用最多的是(C)。A.在出口國檢驗 B.在進(jìn)口國檢驗 C.在出口國檢驗在進(jìn)口國復(fù)驗
D.出口國檢驗、進(jìn)口國復(fù)檢,再到第三國檢驗 3.對技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品,易在(AD)。A.出廠前檢驗 B.裝船前檢驗 C.目的港檢驗 D.最終用戶所在地檢驗 4.“離岸數(shù)量、到岸品質(zhì)”多用于(B)。A.小批量零星交易 B。大宗商品交易 C.賣方承擔(dān)責(zé)任較小交易
D.貨物的品質(zhì)、數(shù)量相對穩(wěn)定的交易
5.商檢部門對進(jìn)出口商品的質(zhì)量、規(guī)格、等級進(jìn)行檢驗后出具的是(A)。A.品質(zhì)檢驗證書 B.重量檢驗證書 C.數(shù)量檢驗證書 D.衛(wèi)生檢驗證書
6.我國對外貿(mào)易合同中對檢驗時間和地點的規(guī)定主要有(ABCDE)。A.產(chǎn)地或工廠檢驗
B.出口國裝運(yùn)港(地)檢驗;進(jìn)口國目的港(地)檢驗 C.裝船前或裝船時在裝運(yùn)港檢驗 D.在進(jìn)口國檢驗
E.裝運(yùn)港(地)檢驗重量、目的港(地)檢驗品質(zhì)
7.我國出口凍禽、凍兔、皮張、毛類、豬鬃、腸衣等貨物時,需提供(D)。A.品質(zhì)檢驗證書 B.重量檢驗證書 C.價值檢驗證書 D.獸醫(yī)檢驗證書 E.殘損檢驗證書
8.我國商檢機(jī)構(gòu)的基本任務(wù)是(ABC)。A.實施法定檢驗 B.實施監(jiān)督管理 C.辦理公證鑒定業(yè)務(wù) D.進(jìn)行對外索賠 9.商品檢驗證書在國際貿(mào)易中的作用是(ABCDE)。A.證明賣方所交貨物是否符合合同規(guī)定的依據(jù) B.對外索賠的依據(jù) C.仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)受理案件的依據(jù)
D.海關(guān)通關(guān)放行的有效證件 E.銀行付款的主要依據(jù)
10.我國進(jìn)出口商品檢驗的范圍主要包括(ABCD)。
A.現(xiàn)行《種類表》規(guī)定的商品
B.我國《食品衛(wèi)生法》和《進(jìn)出境動植物檢疫法》規(guī)定的商品 C.我國《進(jìn)出境動植物檢疫法》規(guī)定的商品 D.我國《食品衛(wèi)生法》規(guī)定的商品
二、判斷題
1.買方對貨物的檢驗權(quán)是強(qiáng)制性的,是接受貨物的前提條件。(N)2.按照我國《商檢法》規(guī)定;法定檢驗的商品僅指《商檢機(jī)構(gòu)實施檢驗的進(jìn)出口商品種類表》所列的商品。(Y)3.如果合同中作為商檢依據(jù)的品質(zhì)條款和信用證規(guī)定不符時,則商檢機(jī)構(gòu)按信用證的有關(guān)規(guī)定檢驗。(Y)4.如果合同中未對進(jìn)出口商品的檢驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作出明確確定的話,應(yīng)首先以進(jìn)口國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為檢驗依據(jù)。(Y)5.以裝運(yùn)港檢驗機(jī)構(gòu)出具的證書為議付單據(jù),;以目的港檢驗結(jié)果為索賠依據(jù),這種做法對買賣雙方均有好處。(N)
6、國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織的英文縮寫是SGS。(N)
7、凡是出口商品,必須經(jīng)過商檢機(jī)構(gòu)的檢驗之后才能出口。(Y)
8、在出口國檢驗是指在產(chǎn)地檢驗出口商品。(N)
9、在國際貿(mào)易中,買賣雙方憑樣成交的,進(jìn)行商品檢驗時應(yīng)按合同進(jìn)行檢驗。(N)
10、進(jìn)出口商品檢驗機(jī)構(gòu)檢驗、鑒定后出具的證明文件稱為檢驗證書。(Y)
第十模塊 貨物的索賠
一、不定項選擇題
1.交易一方認(rèn)為對方未能全部或部分履行合同規(guī)定責(zé)任與義務(wù)而引起的糾紛是(A)。A.爭議 B.違約 C.索賠 D.理賠
2.雙方當(dāng)事人在合同中明確規(guī)定“貨物運(yùn)抵目的港后30天內(nèi)索賠”。這種索賠期限是(B),A.法定索賠期限 B.約定索賠期限 C.固定索賠期限 D.變動索賠期限
3.在合同中對賣方較為有利的索賠期限可規(guī)定為(D)。A.貨物運(yùn)抵目的港(地)后xx天內(nèi)
B.貨物運(yùn)抵目的港(地)后卸離海輪后X火天 C.貨物運(yùn)抵最終目的地后XX天戶 D.貨物裝上船后XX天內(nèi)
4.《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定的索賠期限為買方實際收到貨物后(D)內(nèi)。A.半年 B.1年 C.1年半 D.2年
5.我與外商按CIF條件成交某商品1 000打,允許賣方有5%溢短裝幅度,我實際裝1 000打(提單也載明 000~'1),貨抵目的港后,買方即來函反映僅收到948打,并已取得船公司短少證明,向我索賠。我方正確答復(fù)應(yīng)是:(C)。A.同意補(bǔ)裝52打 B.同意退2打貨款 C.請與海運(yùn)公司和中國人民保險公司或其代理聯(lián)系 D.與海運(yùn)公司聯(lián)系
6、國際貿(mào)易中的索賠案件,多數(shù)原因是(ABCD)。A.賣方所交貨物品質(zhì)與合同規(guī)定不符 B.賣方所交貨物數(shù)量與合同規(guī)定不符 C.賣方不按期交貨 D.買方未及時開證
7.涉及國際貨物買賣的索賠,通常包括(ABCD)。A.買賣雙方之間的貿(mào)易索賠 B.賣方向承運(yùn)人提出的運(yùn)輸索賠 C.買方向承運(yùn)人提出的運(yùn)輸索賠 D.賣方向保險人提出的保險索賠 8.索賠期限的規(guī)定方法有(ABCD)。A.約定索賠期限 B.貨到目的港后XX天索賠 C.貨到目的港卸至碼頭后XX天索賠 D.貨到最終目的地后xx天索賠
9.進(jìn)出口合同中索賠條款有兩種規(guī)定方式(CD)A.異議條款 B.索賠條款 C.罰金條款 D.異議和索賠條款 10.異議和索賠條款包括(ABD)。A.索賠依據(jù) B.索賠期限 C.索賠處理辦法 D.索賠金額
11.合同中的違約金條款應(yīng)訂明(ABD)。A.違約金的金額 B違約金的計算方法 C.違約金的功能 D.違約金的起算日期 12.大陸法系國家認(rèn)為,違約金的功能是(AC)。A.制裁違約 B保證合同履行 C.賠償損失 D.預(yù)防違約
二、判斷題
1.索賠和理賠是兩種不同的事情。(N)2.遭受損害的一方向違約方要求賠償,這是理賠。(N)3.逾期提賠是無效的。(Y)4.某公司的進(jìn)口設(shè)備到貨后,發(fā)現(xiàn)與合同規(guī)定不符,但賣方及時對設(shè)備進(jìn)行了修理,使設(shè)備達(dá)到了原定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在此情況下,買方就不能提出任何損害賠償要求。(N)5.一方違反合同,沒有違約一方所能得到的損害賠償金額
最多不超過違約方在訂立合同時所能預(yù)見的損失金額。(T)6.在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中,進(jìn)口商收貨后發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物與合同規(guī)定不符,在任何時候都可向供貨方索賠。(N)
第十一模塊 不可抗力
一、不定項選擇題
1.不可抗力免除了遭受意外事故的一方當(dāng)事人(A)。A.履行合同的責(zé)任 B.對損害賠償?shù)呢?zé)任 C.交付貨物的責(zé)任 D.支付貨款的責(zé)任
2.我與外商按CIF條件成交某商品1 000打,允許賣方有5%溢短裝幅度,我實際裝1 000打(提單也載明1000~1),貨抵目的港后,買方即來函反映僅收到948打,并已取得船公司短少證明,向我索賠。我方正確答復(fù)應(yīng)是:(C)。A.同意補(bǔ)裝52打 B.同意退2打貨款 C.請與海運(yùn)公司和中國人民保險公司或其代理聯(lián)系 D.與海運(yùn)公司聯(lián)系
3.不可抗力事件是指當(dāng)事人(B)。
A.不能預(yù)見、不能避免的事件
B.不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不能克服的事件
C.不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不能克服、可以預(yù)防的事件 D.可以預(yù)見、不能避免的事件
4.當(dāng)賣方因不可抗力事故造成履行出口交貨困難時,按照法律和慣例(D)。A.只能免除交貨責(zé)任 B.只能展延交貨日期 C.減少交貨的數(shù)量
D.有時可以免除交貨責(zé)任,有時可以展延交貨日期,視具體情況而定
5.判定為不可抗力事故的原則是(ABD)。
A.意外事故的發(fā)生是偶然性的,是當(dāng)事人無法預(yù)見或控制克服的 B.意外事故必須發(fā)生在合同簽訂之后
C.由于合同雙方當(dāng)事人自身的過失或疏忽而導(dǎo)致的 D.不是因為合同雙方當(dāng)事人自身的過失或疏忽導(dǎo)致的 6.下列屬于不可抗力事故的是(ABCD)。A.水災(zāi) B.地震 C.政府禁令 D.通貨膨脹
7.不可抗力引起的后果主要是(BCD)。A.支付違約金 B.解除合同 C.延期履行合同 D.訂立新合同 8.合同中不可抗力條款應(yīng)包括(ABCD)。A.不可抗力事故范圍 B.不可抗力事故的處理
C.不可抗力事故發(fā)生后通知對方的期限、方式 D.證明文件及出證機(jī)構(gòu)
9.合同中規(guī)定不可抗力范圍的方式有(BCD)A.分類式 D.概括式 C.綜合式 D.列舉式
10.某公司對外訂立出口合同后,發(fā)生火災(zāi),全部供出口的商品被毀。如果該合同中訂有不可抗力條款,該公司可援引該條款(BD)。
A.要求進(jìn)口方按期付款 B.要求免除對買方的賠償責(zé)任 C.要求撤銷合同 D.要求延期履行合同
二、判斷題
1.不可抗力事故是當(dāng)事人不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不能控制或克服的。Y 2.不可抗力事故一定不是因合同當(dāng)事人自身的過失或疏忽導(dǎo)致的。Y 3.一旦在合同訂立后出現(xiàn)不可抗力事故,遭受損害的一方當(dāng)事人即可解除合同。N 4.在不可抗力范圍問題上,易產(chǎn)生分歧的是自然力量事故。Y 5.供貨方如果生產(chǎn)機(jī)器發(fā)生故障,可援引不可抗力條款要求延期交貨。N 6.在不可抗力條款中必須訂明一方發(fā)生不可抗力事故后通知對方的期限和方式。Y 7.如果采用概括式說明不可抗力事故范圍,易因雙方當(dāng)事人意見不一致而影響合同效力。Y 8.從歐洲某商進(jìn)口在當(dāng)?shù)赝ǔ?梢再I到的某化工產(chǎn)品,在約定交貨前,該商所屬生產(chǎn)上述產(chǎn)品的工廠之一因爆炸被毀,該商要求援引不可抗力免責(zé)條款解除交貨責(zé)任。對此,我方應(yīng)予同意。N 9.援引不可抗力條款的法律后果是撤銷合同或推遲合同的履行。Y
10、不可抗力屬于免責(zé)條款。Y 11
第十二模塊
仲裁
一、不定項選擇題
1、仲裁協(xié)議是仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)受理爭議案件的必要依據(jù)。仲裁協(xié)議(C)達(dá)成。A、必須在爭議發(fā)生之前 B、只能在爭議發(fā)生之后 C、既可以在爭議發(fā)生之前,也可以在爭議發(fā)生之后 D、必須在爭議發(fā)生的過程中
2、國際貿(mào)易中,解決交易雙方所發(fā)生的爭議方式很多,包括(ABCD)。A、協(xié)商 B、調(diào)解 C、仲裁 D、訴訟
3、關(guān)于仲裁地點有以下各種不同的規(guī)定,其中對我方最有利的一種是(C)。A、在雙方同意的第三國仲裁 B、在被訴人所在國仲裁 C、在我國仲裁 D、在對方國仲裁
4、仲裁裁決的形式有(AC)。
A、最終裁決 B、中間裁決 C、部分裁決 D、全部裁決
5、訴訟與仲裁的相同點是(CD)。
A、兩者審理案件的機(jī)構(gòu)性質(zhì)相同 B、兩者審理制度相同 C、兩者均是按照一定程序進(jìn)行審理 D、兩者審理的依據(jù)相同
6、以仲裁方式解決交易雙方爭議的必要條件是(A)。A、交易雙方當(dāng)事人訂有仲裁協(xié)議 B、交易雙方當(dāng)事人訂有合同 C、交易雙方當(dāng)事人訂有意向書 D、交易雙方當(dāng)事人訂有交易協(xié)議
7、中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會是我國的(A)。A 官方性常設(shè)仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) B 民間性常設(shè)仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) C 官方性臨時仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) D 民間性臨時仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)
8、國際商會國際仲裁院設(shè)在(C)。A、德國 B、英國 C、法國 D、意大利
9、多數(shù)國家都認(rèn)定仲裁裁決是(A)。
A、終局性的 B、可更改的 C、無約束力 D、不確定的
10、在國際貿(mào)易中,仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)有兩種,它們是(CD)。A、國際性仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) B、地方性仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) C、臨時性仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) D、常設(shè)性仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)
二、判斷題
1、受理爭議的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)是國家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān),對爭議案件的受理具有強(qiáng)制管轄權(quán)。N
2、仲裁裁決一般是終局性的,對雙方當(dāng)事人均有約束力。Y
3、買賣雙方為解決爭議而提請仲裁時,必須向仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)遞交仲裁協(xié)議,否則,仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)不予受理。Y
4、仲裁協(xié)議必須由合同當(dāng)事人在爭議發(fā)生之前達(dá)成,否則不能提請仲裁。N
5、國際商會國際仲裁院是國際商會下屬的國際性常設(shè)的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)。Y
6、根據(jù)中國國際貿(mào)易仲裁委員會的仲裁規(guī)則,有關(guān)首席仲裁員的產(chǎn)生由仲裁委員會主席指定。N
7、仲裁協(xié)議約束雙方當(dāng)事人只能以仲裁方式解決爭議,不得向法院起訴。Y
8、仲裁協(xié)議的核心作用是排除法院對該爭議案件的管轄權(quán) Y
9、仲裁協(xié)議有兩重形式,即仲裁條款和提交仲裁的協(xié)議。兩種形式不同,其法律作用與效力也是不相同的。N
10、仲裁比訴訟的程序簡單,處理問題比較迅速及時,而且費(fèi)用也較為低廉。Y
第五篇:國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)考試試題
1國際貨物買賣合同的簽訂履行、違約及法律救濟(jì)
一、單項選擇題
1、清潔提單的進(jìn)口貨物在復(fù)驗時發(fā)生數(shù)量減少現(xiàn)象,進(jìn)口方應(yīng)當(dāng)向(C)提出索賠
A賣方 B保險公司 C承運(yùn)人 D信用證開證行
2、《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》將違約劃分為(B)A、輕微違約和重大違約B、根本性違約和非根本性違約 C、違反要件和違反擔(dān)保D、延遲債務(wù)和不履行債務(wù)
3、根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》,合同成立的必要程序是(A)。A、詢盤、發(fā)盤、還盤和接受
B、詢盤、發(fā)盤、還盤、接受和簽約
C、發(fā)盤接受和簽約
D、發(fā)盤和接受
4、將違約的形式劃分為違反要件和違反擔(dān)保是(B)A.大陸法
B.英國法
C.美國法
D.《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》
5、“××公司:你方10日傳真收悉。你方條件我方接受,但請降價10%,可否即復(fù)。(簽章)”這份傳真是(C)A.詢盤
B.發(fā)盤
C.還盤
D.接受
6、《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》對接受的生效時間采?。ǎ?。A.投郵生效原則 B.到達(dá)生效原則
C.理解生效原則 D.經(jīng)發(fā)盤人進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)后方產(chǎn)生效力的原則
7、為邀請對方向自己定貨而發(fā)出的商品目錄單、報價單以及一般的商業(yè)廣告,是(A)。
A.發(fā)盤 B.還盤 C.發(fā)盤邀請 D.新的發(fā)盤
8根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》的規(guī)定,發(fā)盤內(nèi)容必須是”完整的”,下列構(gòu)成發(fā)盤完整性的是(D)。A.寫明貨物名稱、明示或默示地規(guī)定數(shù)量和價格和如何確定價格的方法 B.寫明貨物名稱、數(shù)量和價格的具體數(shù)額
C.寫明貨物名稱、具體數(shù)量、具體價格、具體交貨期
D.寫明貨物名稱、具體數(shù)量、具體價格、具體交貨期、貨款支付時間和方式
9、我某進(jìn)出口公司于1998年1月15日用電報向外國一公司發(fā)盤,要求在20日復(fù)到我公司有效。1月18日上午9:00,我公司同時收到外國公司表示接受和撤回接受的電傳。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》的規(guī)定,此接受(C)。A.可以撤回
B.不可以撤回,必須與我公司簽訂合同 C.經(jīng)我公司同意方可撤回
D.視為撤銷
10、在國際貨物買賣交易磋商中,附條件的接受(A)。
A.視對發(fā)盤所做修改的性質(zhì)及發(fā)盤人的態(tài)度而決定其是否構(gòu)成有效接受
B.構(gòu)成接受
C.構(gòu)成還盤
D.構(gòu)成發(fā)盤邀請
11、我某出口公司于3月5日對外商發(fā)盤,限10日復(fù)到有效。外商于8日發(fā)出接受通知,我出口公司于11日才收到接受通知,事后我出口公司也未表態(tài)。那么,(A)。
A.除非發(fā)盤人及時提出異議,該逾期接受仍構(gòu)成接受
B.該逾期接受無效,合同未成立
C.只有發(fā)盤人毫不遲延地表示確認(rèn),該逾期接受才構(gòu)成有效接受 D.經(jīng)電信部門出具有關(guān)證明后方可認(rèn)定是否有效
二、多項選擇題
1、.在合同磋商過程中,如果合同成立,則必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)有(BD)A.詢盤
B.發(fā)盤
C.還盤
D.接受
2、構(gòu)成一項有效的發(fā)盤,必須具備的條件有(ACD)。A.應(yīng)向一個或一個以上特定的人提出B.發(fā)盤必須是在對方詢盤后作出的 C.必須表明發(fā)盤人對其發(fā)盤一旦被受盤人接受即受約束的意思 D.發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容必須十分確定
3、發(fā)盤失效的情形包括(ABCD)。
A.發(fā)盤超過有效期
B.發(fā)盤被撤回 C.發(fā)盤被撤銷
D.受發(fā)盤人對發(fā)盤表示拒絕
4.聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定,買賣合同無須以書面訂立或書面證明,即買賣合同可以以下列哪些方式訂立。(ABCD)A.電話 B.面談 C.傳真 D.平信信函
5、我A公司向巴西B公司發(fā)出傳真:“急購巴西一級白砂糖2000噸,每噸250美元CIF廣州,2002年2月20日至25日裝船。”巴西B公司回電稱:“完全接受你方條件,2002年5月1日裝船。”依照國際貿(mào)易法律與慣例,巴西B公司的回電屬于(AB)。
A.對要約的拒絕 B.一項新的發(fā)盤 C.發(fā)盤的撤銷
D.接受
6、構(gòu)成一項有效的接受,必須具備的條件有(AC)。A.接受由受盤人作出 B.接受由第三者作出
C.接受同意發(fā)盤所提出的交易條件 D.接受的傳遞方式符合發(fā)盤的要求
7、一項合同成立的有效條件包括(ABCD)。
A.當(dāng)事人必須具有簽訂合同的行為能力 B.合同的內(nèi)容必須合法
C.合同當(dāng)事人的意思表示必須真實
D.合同當(dāng)事人的意思表示必須一致
8、下列的變更構(gòu)成對要約的實質(zhì)性變更的是(ABC)A品質(zhì) B數(shù)量 C履行地點 D違約責(zé)任
三、判斷題
1、國際貨物買賣合同必須采用書面形式。(ⅹ)
2、《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定,在非根本性違約的情況下,受損方可以請求損害賠償,但是不得解除合同(√)
3、根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》,規(guī)定了有效期的發(fā)盤一旦到達(dá)受盤人,在有效期限內(nèi)發(fā)盤人不得撤銷該發(fā)盤。(√)
4、為邀請對方向自己訂貨而發(fā)出的報價單、商品目錄以及一般商業(yè)廣告也是發(fā)盤。(×)
5、根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》的規(guī)定,一項發(fā)盤必須明確規(guī)定貨物的品質(zhì)、數(shù)量、包裝、價格、交貨和貨款的支付等六項主要交易條件,缺一不可。(×)
6、根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》的規(guī)定,受發(fā)盤人如對發(fā)盤表示接受,但又作出非實質(zhì)性的添加和變更,均構(gòu)成對發(fā)盤的拒絕,并構(gòu)成新的發(fā)盤。(×)
7、賣方發(fā)出發(fā)盤限買方在6月10日復(fù)到。8日下午,賣方收到買方復(fù)電,要求減價并修改交貨期。賣方正在研究如何答復(fù)時,次日上午又收到買方來電,接受發(fā)盤。賣方對此未做任何表示。此時,合同按賣方發(fā)盤條件達(dá)成。(×)
8、中國某進(jìn)出口公司于2月16日向歐洲某公司發(fā)盤,出售一批水果,該發(fā)盤載明在5月裝船,19日復(fù)到有效。18日,對方來電稱,16日電接受,6月裝船。中方未作答復(fù)。則雙方合同成立。(×)
四、簡答題
1、簡述合同的生效要件 ①、合同當(dāng)事人要具有簽約能力 ②、合同必須具有對價或約因 ③、合同的內(nèi)容必須合法 ④、合同必須符合法律規(guī)定的形式 ⑤、合同當(dāng)事人的意思表示必須真實
2、簡述發(fā)盤的含義及其構(gòu)成要件 發(fā)盤又叫發(fā)價或報價,法律上叫要約。①、向一個或一個以上的特定人提出 ②、發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容必須十分確定
③、表明經(jīng)受盤人接受發(fā)盤人即受約束的意思
3、簡述發(fā)盤的撤回與撤銷及其條件
撤回是指發(fā)盤尚未生效,發(fā)盤人采取行動阻止它生效.撤回的條件:撤回通知在發(fā)盤到達(dá)受盤人之前或同時到達(dá)受盤人。撤銷是指在發(fā)盤生效后,發(fā)盤人以一定的方式解除發(fā)盤,對其的效力。撤銷條件:必須在受盤人發(fā)出通知之前送達(dá)受盤人。
4、簡述接受的概念及其構(gòu)成要件
接受是指交易的一方在接到對方的發(fā)盤或還盤后,以聲明或行動向?qū)Ψ奖硎就獾男袨椤?/p>
①、接受必須由受盤人做出。②、接受必須表示出來
③、接受必須是同意發(fā)盤提出的交易條件(即接受必須與發(fā)盤相符)④、接受必須在發(fā)盤規(guī)定的時效內(nèi)做出 ⑤、接受通知的傳遞方式應(yīng)符合發(fā)盤的要求
五、案例分析題
1、我某進(jìn)出口公司于1997年8月5日向外商甲發(fā)盤并限其8日復(fù)到我方。外商于6日上午10時向當(dāng)?shù)剜]局交發(fā)關(guān)于接受我方發(fā)盤的電報。但由于當(dāng)?shù)剜]局工人罷工,該電報在傳遞途中延誤到12日才送達(dá)我方。我進(jìn)出口公司認(rèn)為對方答復(fù)逾期,未予置理。并將貨物以較高價格售予外商B。8月14日,外商A來電稱:信用證已經(jīng)開出,要求我方盡早出運(yùn)貨物。我方立即復(fù)電A,聲明接受到達(dá)過晚,雙方并不存在合同關(guān)系。隨雙方限于爭執(zhí)。請根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》的有關(guān)規(guī)定,分析雙方孰是孰非?并說明理由。答:接受
如果接受通知超過發(fā)盤規(guī)定的有效期限,或發(fā)盤未具體規(guī)定有效期限而超過合理時間才傳達(dá)到發(fā)盤人,這就成為一項逾期接受。
公約對逾期接受處理的規(guī)定:
①、如果發(fā)盤人于收到逾期接受后,毫不遲延地通知受
盤人,確認(rèn)其為有效,則該逾期接受仍有接受的效力;
②、一項逾期接受,從它使用的信件或其他書面文件表
明,在傳遞正常的情況下,本能及時送達(dá)發(fā)盤人,由
于出現(xiàn)傳遞不正常的情況而造成了延誤,這種逾期接
受仍可被認(rèn)為是有效的,除非發(fā)盤人毫不延遲地用口
頭或書面形式通知受盤人,他認(rèn)為他的發(fā)盤已經(jīng)失效
2、我A公司將從別國進(jìn)口的某商品向法國B商發(fā)盤,B商在發(fā)盤有效期內(nèi)復(fù)電:“接受,請?zhí)峁┊a(chǎn)地證”,A公司未予置理。一個月后,A公司收到B商開來的信用證,信用證要求提供產(chǎn)地證,因該商品非我國產(chǎn)品,我國商檢機(jī)構(gòu)不能簽發(fā)產(chǎn)地證,經(jīng)電請B商取消信用證中要求提供產(chǎn)地證的條款遭到拒絕,于是引起爭議。A公司提出從未對提供產(chǎn)地證的要求表示同意,因而無此義務(wù),而B商堅持A公司必須提供產(chǎn)地證。請分析A公司提出修改信用證的要求是否合理,并說明理由。
答:從案例中可知B的還盤改變了A發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容,構(gòu)成了新的發(fā)盤,A沒作出回復(fù),因此A提出修改信用證的要求是合理的。
3、公司向國外乙公司發(fā)盤,對方在有效期內(nèi)復(fù)電表示接受,同時要求提供該國某商檢機(jī)構(gòu)簽發(fā)的商檢證書。第二天,我公司收到該公司開來的信用證。因該商品的市場價格上漲15%,且我無法提供該商檢機(jī)構(gòu)的檢驗證書,我立即回電表示拒絕,并將信用證退回。試根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定分析我方的做法是否合理?
答:作法不合理,在接到發(fā)盤時我方并沒有提出異議,說明我方接受所有條件,可以提供商檢證書。
4、試分析A、B之間的來往電報及信函,回答下列問題:(1)、A于2月11日向B發(fā)出電報“擬訂索尼21英寸購彩電10臺,請報價?!保?)、B收到電報后于2月13日電報答復(fù)如下:“索尼21英寸購彩電10臺,每臺1250元”,該電報于2月15日送達(dá)。(3)、B于2月14日發(fā)出電子郵件如下:“2月13日電取消”,該郵件即時送達(dá)給A。(4)、B2月20日向A發(fā)出信函:“向你方提供索尼21英寸購彩電10臺,每臺1280元,限3月10日復(fù)有效?!痹撔藕?月25日送達(dá)。(5)、B2月28日發(fā)出電子郵件如下:“2月25日電取消”,該郵件即時送達(dá)給A。(6)、A于3月2日發(fā)出電子郵件“你2月20日信函我接受”。B收到后未作答復(fù)。
問:①、上述6封信函或電報、電郵屬什么性質(zhì)? ②、雙方之間有無合同關(guān)系?
答:①、2月11日向B發(fā)出的電報是詢盤,B2月13日的電報是發(fā)盤,B2月14日發(fā)出的電子郵件是發(fā)盤的撤回,B2月20日的電子郵件是發(fā)盤,B2月28日的電子郵件是發(fā)盤的撤回,A3月2日的電子郵件是有效還盤。②、雙方之間有合同關(guān)系,雙方的發(fā)盤還盤構(gòu)成了合的成立要件。
5、A2月17日向B發(fā)盤,有效期至3月10日,并于同月25日發(fā)出取消發(fā)盤的通知,B于2月27日收到發(fā)盤,于3月5日收到取消通知,并于3月9日作出了表示完全同意A發(fā)盤的意思表示。問上述情況下雙方有無合同關(guān)系?為什么? 答:發(fā)盤的撤回條件是知在發(fā)盤到達(dá)受盤人之前或同時到達(dá)受盤人。案例中取消通知遲于B收到發(fā)盤,且在有效其內(nèi)作出完全同意A發(fā)盤的意思,所以雙方有合同關(guān)系。
2國際貨物貿(mào)易檢驗、索賠、不可抗力和仲裁
一、單項選擇題
1、以下國際貿(mào)易貨物檢驗方法中比較公平合理的是(D)A在出口國產(chǎn)地檢驗
B在裝運(yùn)地檢驗
C在目的地檢驗
D在裝運(yùn)地檢驗,在目的地復(fù)驗
2、以下能體現(xiàn)公平合理的確定商檢機(jī)構(gòu)的辦法是(D)
A以出口國商檢機(jī)構(gòu)的檢驗結(jié)果為準(zhǔn)
B以進(jìn)口國商檢機(jī)構(gòu)的檢驗結(jié)果為準(zhǔn) C出口國商檢機(jī)構(gòu)初步檢驗,進(jìn)口國商檢機(jī)構(gòu)復(fù)驗
D出口時的初步檢驗和進(jìn)口后的復(fù)驗,均由交易雙方約定的商檢機(jī)構(gòu)來進(jìn)行
3、在國際貿(mào)易的糾紛解決過程中,如果買賣雙方在合同中訂有仲裁協(xié)議,則他們(A)A.只能通過仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)解決糾紛(P279)
B.只能通過法院解決糾紛 C.既可以到法院,也可以到仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)去解決糾紛
D.應(yīng)該先到仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)去,如果一方不服裁決,可再到法院上訴
二、多項選擇題
1、不可抗力的含義(P274)包括(ABCD)
A、是合同訂立之后發(fā)生
B、是當(dāng)時人在訂立合同時不可預(yù)見的 C、當(dāng)事人不能控制,而且是無法避免、無法預(yù)防的 D、不是任何一方當(dāng)事人的疏忽或者過失造成的
2、下列屬仲裁自愿性(P278)的表現(xiàn)的是(ABCD)A有權(quán)選擇是否仲裁
B有權(quán)選擇仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)
C有權(quán)選擇仲裁員
D有權(quán)選擇仲裁所適用的法律
3、關(guān)于仲裁說法正確的是(BD)。A.仲裁裁決一旦做出,即具約束力,有關(guān)當(dāng)事人應(yīng)予執(zhí)行,若一方拒絕執(zhí)行裁決,仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)可以強(qiáng)制其執(zhí)行
B.在國際經(jīng)貿(mào)仲裁程序中,申訴人和被訴人均可指定一名仲裁員
C.雙方當(dāng)事人必須在爭議發(fā)生之前達(dá)成書面的仲裁協(xié)議,否則不能提請仲裁 D.買賣雙方已達(dá)成仲裁協(xié)議,一旦發(fā)生爭議,任何一方都無權(quán)向法庭提起訴訟
三、判斷題
1、為了確保進(jìn)出口商品質(zhì)量符合要求,應(yīng)當(dāng)對所有進(jìn)出口商品實行商檢(×)
2、在進(jìn)出口合同中關(guān)于對不可抗力范圍的描述以綜合式表示較為恰當(dāng)(√)
3、仲裁是具有終局性(√)
4、所有商品都必須經(jīng)過商檢方能進(jìn)出口。(×)
5、“由于臺風(fēng)、海嘯、火災(zāi)或其它不可抗力的原因,致使賣方不能交貨或延遲交貨,賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任”,該不可抗力條款的訂法屬于概括式。(×)
四、簡答題
1、簡述不可抗力事件的范圍及其法律后果
P274 范圍:自然力量的事故
政府的行動
社會異常事故
P275 法律后果:1 解除合同 2 延遲履行合同,應(yīng)由雙方按買賣合同的規(guī)定結(jié)合具體形勢商定
2、仲裁協(xié)議的形式和主要作用是什么?
仲裁協(xié)議的形式:一種由雙方當(dāng)事人在爭議發(fā)生之前訂立的,表示同意把將來可能發(fā)生的爭議提交仲裁解決的協(xié)議,另一種由雙方當(dāng)事人在爭議發(fā)生之后訂立的,表示同意把已經(jīng)發(fā)生的爭議交付仲裁的協(xié)議,這種協(xié)議稱為提交仲裁的協(xié)議 仲裁協(xié)議的作用:1 約束雙方當(dāng)事人只能以仲裁方式解決爭議,不得向法院起訴 2 排除法院對有關(guān)案件的管轄權(quán)
使仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)和仲裁員取得對有關(guān)議案的管轄權(quán)
3、簡述仲裁的特點。
仲裁的特點:仲裁的方式既不同于協(xié)商和調(diào)解,又不同于起訴 仲裁方式既有自愿的一面,又有強(qiáng)制性的一面,自愿只要表現(xiàn)在仲裁的提起,要由雙方達(dá)成的協(xié)議;強(qiáng)制性則表現(xiàn)在仲裁裁決是終局性的,雙方必須遵照執(zhí)照;對于雙方當(dāng)事人來說,仲裁比訴訟具有較大的靈活性
五、案例分析題
1、我進(jìn)口商向巴西木材出口商訂購一批木材,合同規(guī)定“如受到政府干預(yù),合同應(yīng)當(dāng)延長,以至取消”。簽約后適逢巴西熱帶雨林破壞加速,巴西政府對木材出口進(jìn)行限制,致使巴西出口商在合同規(guī)定期內(nèi)難以履行合同,并以不可抗力為由要求我方延遲合同執(zhí)行或者解除合同,我方不同意對方要求,并提出索賠。請分析我方的索賠要求是否合理。
答:不合理,真理由如下:1 買賣合同明確規(guī)定“發(fā)生政府干預(yù)行為,合同應(yīng)予以延長,以致撤銷 ”,巴西出口商提出的要求有理有據(jù),我方不應(yīng)拒絕其合法要求,2 按國際慣例,政府限制出口屬不可抗力,發(fā)生不可抗力時間的一方當(dāng)事人即巴西出口商本可以免除履行的責(zé)任,而我方卻對國際上公認(rèn)的法規(guī)和慣例熟視無睹,向其提出索賠,這是毫無道理的2、中國某公司與美國企業(yè)訂立了一項農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口合同,在合同中明確規(guī)定仲裁條款,約定在履約過程中如發(fā)生爭議,在中國仲裁。后來,雙方因為商品品質(zhì)發(fā)生爭議,美國企業(yè)在其所在地法院起訴我公司,法院發(fā)來傳票,傳我公司出庭應(yīng)訴。對此,你認(rèn)為我公司該如何應(yīng)對美方起訴?并簡述理由。
答:仲裁是指買賣雙方按照在爭議之前或之后簽訂的協(xié)議,自愿把他們之間的爭議交給仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仲裁,并約定裁決是終局的,具有法律的強(qiáng)制性,對雙方均有約束力,若對方不執(zhí)行裁決,另一方有權(quán)向法院起訴,要求予以強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。仲裁協(xié)議三方面作用是相互聯(lián)系的,其中,排除法院對有關(guān)爭議案件的管轄權(quán)是很關(guān)鍵的,就是說,只要雙方訂立了仲裁條款或其他形式的仲裁協(xié)議,就不能把有關(guān)爭議案件提交法院審理,如果任何一方違反協(xié)議,自行向法院起訴,對方可根據(jù)仲裁協(xié)議要求法院停止司法訴訟程序,把有關(guān)爭議案件發(fā)還仲裁庭審理,在本案中,由于買賣雙方在合同中已經(jīng)明確規(guī)定了仲裁條款,因此,外商在其所在地法院起訴我公司是不成立的。
3國際貨物買賣合同的品名、品質(zhì)、數(shù)量、包裝
一、單項選擇題
1、在國際貿(mào)易中,對于棉花、羊毛等吸濕性較強(qiáng)的商品在計算重量時通常采用(C)。
A凈重
B以毛作凈重
C公量 D法定重量
2、所謂中性包裝是(D)。
A商品包裝上無任何文字或者標(biāo)識
B包裝上沒有產(chǎn)地與出口廠商名稱,但有原商標(biāo)
C包裝上只有產(chǎn)地與出口廠商名稱,無原商標(biāo)
D包裝上既無出口產(chǎn)地和出口廠商名稱,也沒有原商標(biāo)
3、按《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定,如果賣方交貨數(shù)量大于約定的數(shù)量,買方(D)。A可以拒收約定的和多交的全部貨物
B只能拒收多交部分中的一部分貨物
C只能拒收多交的全部貨物
D可以拒收多交中的部分或者全部,也可以接受多交中的部分或者全部貨物
4、某外商欲購我“乘風(fēng)”牌電扇,但要求改用“幸?!鄙虡?biāo),并不得注明產(chǎn)地和廠商名稱。外商這一要求屬于(B)A.無牌中性包裝
B.定牌中性包裝
C.運(yùn)輸包裝
D.銷售包裝
5、我國的度量衡制度采用的是(D)。
A.公制
B.英制
C.美制
D.國際單位制
6、某美國客商到我國一家玩具廠參觀,之后對該廠的部分產(chǎn)品很感興趣,于是立即簽定購買合同,批量購買他所見到的那部分產(chǎn)品,決定按實物樣品作為合同中交收貨物的品質(zhì)要求。這種表示品質(zhì)的方法是(A)。A.看貨購買 B.憑賣方樣品 C.憑買方樣品 D.憑對等樣品
7、在國際貿(mào)易中,合同的數(shù)量條款通常涉及到如下幾個方面的內(nèi)容:(C)。A.按重量計算和按個數(shù)計算
B.毛重;凈重;公量;理論重量;法定重量 C.規(guī)定機(jī)動幅度的方法;具體規(guī)定增減幅度
D.數(shù)量的確定;重量的計算方法;數(shù)量的機(jī)動幅度及其增減價內(nèi)容
8、按合同中的數(shù)量,賣方在交貨時可溢交或短交百分之幾,這種規(guī)定叫(B)。A.數(shù)量增減價條款 B.數(shù)量機(jī)動幅度條款 C.溢短裝條款
D.品質(zhì)公差條款
9、某公司出口某商品大約1000公噸,根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例(500)》規(guī)定,該公司發(fā)貨時,如果支取金額不會超過信用證總金額,最多可以裝運(yùn)(C)。A.1000公噸 B.1050公噸C.1100公噸 D.1115公噸
10、某外商欲購我“華生”牌電扇,但要求改用“鉆石”商標(biāo),并注明“MADE IN CHINA”,這屬于(C)。
A.中性包裝 B.定牌中性包裝C.定牌生產(chǎn) D.無牌生產(chǎn)
二、多項選擇題
1、合同中的包裝條款主要包括:(A C D)。
A.包裝材料
B.包裝種類
C.包裝費(fèi)用
D.包裝標(biāo)志
2、為了便于運(yùn)輸和裝卸,節(jié)約人力物力,國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織規(guī)定簡化了運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志,將其內(nèi)容減少到以下幾項:(A BCD)。
A.收貨人代號 B.參考代號 C.目的地名稱 D.件數(shù)號碼
3、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志應(yīng)包括以下哪些內(nèi)容(ACD)A收貨人 B發(fā)貨人 C參考號 D批件號
4、下列哪些情況下,應(yīng)使用指示性標(biāo)志(ACD)A易碎 B易燃 C易損
D易變質(zhì)
三、判斷題
1、為了更好的說明商品品質(zhì),在約定成交商品的品質(zhì)時,可以同時采用即憑規(guī)格、又憑樣品買賣(對)
統(tǒng)一編碼委員會(UCC)使用EAN碼作為物品標(biāo)識符號,其分配給我國的國別號為690。(對)
2、各國度量衡制度相同,使用的計量單位也相同。(錯)
3、中性包裝就是既不是通常說的大包裝,也不是通常講的小包裝或內(nèi)包裝,它是不大不小的包裝。(錯)
4、《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》(國際商會第500號出版物)認(rèn)為:信用證上如規(guī)定數(shù)量有“約”字,應(yīng)解釋為允許有不超過10%的增減幅度。(對)
5、條形碼是由一組規(guī)則排列的條、空及其相應(yīng)字符組成的標(biāo)記,它表示特定信息,是專供機(jī)器識讀的一種特殊符號。(錯)
6、品質(zhì)公差一般為國際同行所公認(rèn)的產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)誤差,即使在合同中不做規(guī)定,賣方交貨品質(zhì)在公認(rèn)的范圍內(nèi),也可以認(rèn)為符合合同要求,買方不得再提出任何異議。(錯)
7、我國某公司與外商按CIF條件成交某 商品 1000打,允許賣方有5%溢短裝幅度。我公司在實際裝船時裝運(yùn)1000打,提單也載明1000打。貨到目的港后,買方來函僅收到948打,并已取得船公司短交證明,同時向我方索賠。我方不應(yīng)理賠。(對)
8、如果賣方交貨數(shù)量超過買賣合同規(guī)定數(shù)量,買方有權(quán)拒收全部貨物。(錯)
四、簡答題
1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志構(gòu)成及其特點(“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志”由四部分組成:收貨人代號、目的地、批件號、參考號。
該標(biāo)志只能用文字或數(shù)字組成,禁止使用圖形,且每一行文字不能超過17個字母。)
2、簡述商品品質(zhì)的表示方法(以實物表示商品品質(zhì):看貨買賣,憑樣品買賣;以說明表示商品品質(zhì)憑商品規(guī)格買賣,憑商品等級買賣,憑商品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣,憑說明書和圖樣買賣,憑商標(biāo)或牌號買賣,憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣)
3、簡述數(shù)量機(jī)動幅度的訂法(合同明確具體地規(guī)定數(shù)量的機(jī)動幅度;在交易數(shù)量前加上“約”字;合同中未明確規(guī)定數(shù)量機(jī)動幅度)
4、簡述溢裝和短裝的法律后果的區(qū)別(溢裝是一般性違約,不能解除合同;短裝是根本性違約,可以解除合同)
五、案例分析題
1、我某公司向德國出口一批農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,合同規(guī)定其所含水分最高為15%,雜質(zhì)不超過3%,但在成交前我方曾向買方寄過樣品,訂約后我方又電告對方成交貨物與樣品相似,貨到德國后,買方驗貨后提出貨物的質(zhì)量比樣品差的檢驗證明,并據(jù)此提出索賠6000英鎊,最后我方如數(shù)賠償。請評析此案例。(此案例中我方提供的樣品缺乏代表性,我方所交貨物與我方提供樣品不一致。)
2、內(nèi)蒙古某出口公司向韓國出口10公噸羊毛,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率為11%,經(jīng)抽樣證明10公斤純羊毛用科學(xué)方法抽干水后凈重8公斤干羊毛,求用公量計算的交貨重量為多少?
解:實際回潮率:(10-8)/8=25% 根據(jù)公量計算公式:公量=實際重量*(1+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率)/(1+實際回潮率)=10*(1+11%)/(1+25%)=8.88公噸。
3、黑龍江某貿(mào)易出口公司與俄羅斯某公司成交一筆黃豆出口交易。合同的數(shù)量條款規(guī)定:每袋黃豆凈重100公斤,共1000袋,合計100噸,但貨物運(yùn)抵俄羅斯后,經(jīng)俄羅斯海關(guān)檢查,每袋黃豆凈重只有96公斤,1000袋共96噸,當(dāng)時正遇市場黃豆價格下跌,俄羅斯公司以單貨不符為由,提出降價5%的要求,否則拒收。請問:俄方的要求是否合理?另問:若該例黃豆不是用袋裝而是散裝,則結(jié)果又如何?(答:俄方要求是合理的,因為黃豆的交易是按整件計價的,合同中未作規(guī)定貨物數(shù)量的機(jī)動幅度,所以俄方要求是合理的。如果是散裝貨,則此要求是不合理的,合同中未作規(guī)定的散裝貨的機(jī)動幅度在正負(fù)5%,而題中少的數(shù)量在機(jī)動幅度范圍內(nèi),所以我方并沒有違約。
4、有一份數(shù)量條款規(guī)定“1000M/T5% MORE OR LESS AT SELLER’S OPTION。”賣方正待交貨時,該貨物國際市場價格大幅度上漲。問:
(1)、如果你是賣方擬實際交付多少數(shù)量?為什么?(1000M/T5%LESS,因為國際市場價格大幅度上漲,為了維護(hù)自身利益,只能交有利賣方的數(shù)量)(2)、如果你是買方,磋商合同條款時應(yīng)注意什么問題?(特別是涉及重要條款的時候,特別是數(shù)量價格等方面,盡量不用大約,大概等模糊的字眼,免得發(fā)生爭議)一、一批出口貨物CFR價為99450美圓,現(xiàn)客戶要求改CIF價加一成投保海運(yùn)一切險,我同意照辦。如果一切險保險費(fèi)率為0.5%,請計算:(要求寫出計算公式及計算過程)。
1)我方應(yīng)報的CIF價。4分
2)我方應(yīng)該向客戶收多少保險費(fèi)?
答:CIF=CFR/[1-保險費(fèi)率×(1+投保加成)]
=99450/[1-×0.5% ×1.1]
=100,000USD
I = CIF-CFR = 100000-99450 =550USD 或 I = CIF ×保險費(fèi)率×(1+投保加成)
= 100,000USD × 0.5% × 1.1
= 550USD
二、上海某公司出口1000箱貨物至科威特,每箱US$50.00美元CFRC3%科威特??蛻粢蟾膱驠OBC5%上海價。該貨物每箱尺碼為42×28×25厘米,總毛重為20,000千克。海運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)按W/M(11級)。查出口地至科威特11級貨基本運(yùn)費(fèi)為70美元,港口附加費(fèi)為運(yùn)費(fèi)的20%。試求FOBC5%上海價是多少?(要求寫出計算公式及計算過程)。
答:CFR凈價= 含傭價×(1-傭金率)
=50 ×(1-3%)=48.5USD 尺碼噸:42×28×25 ×1000=29.4﹥20噸∵ W/M ∴運(yùn)費(fèi)= 29.4 × 70 ×(1+20%)=2469.6USD FOB=CFR-F=48.5-2.4696=46.0304USD 含傭價=凈價/(1-傭金率)
FOBC5%= 46.0304 /(1-5%)=48.45USD
三、上海某外貿(mào)公司業(yè)務(wù)員收到國外客戶來電,客戶詢問A商品的價格及有關(guān)情況。小王立即與國內(nèi)供貨工廠進(jìn)行了聯(lián)系,確定A商品的國內(nèi)采購價格為68元每只。A商品國內(nèi)增值稅率為17%,出口退稅率為13%,銀行的美元買入價為8.27人民幣元/美元。
問:假設(shè)該筆業(yè)務(wù)國內(nèi)費(fèi)用為國內(nèi)收購額的6%,當(dāng)FOB上海價為多少時,盈虧率為10%?(要求寫出計算公式及計算過程)。
答:商品總成本 =出口商品購進(jìn)價+定額費(fèi)用 –
出口退稅收入
=68+68 × 6% - 68× 13%/ 1.17=64.52RMB ∵出口盈虧額 = FOB凈價×銀行外匯買入價-出口商品總成本
又:出口盈虧率=出口盈虧額/出口商品總成本 ∴FOB凈價=(64.52 × 10%+ 64.52)/ 8.27=8.58USD
四、我某公司出口某商品10萬噸,國內(nèi)收購價為110元人民幣/噸,另加其它費(fèi)用5%,外銷價為每公噸14.6美元FOB上海,含傭金2%。該產(chǎn)品增值稅率17%,退稅率13%。銀行的美元買入價為8.27人民幣元/美元。試計算該商品的出口換匯成本和盈虧率(要求寫出計算公式及計算過程)。
答:單位商品總成本
=出口商品購進(jìn)價+定額費(fèi)用 – 出口退稅收入
= 110+110* 5%-110*13%/1.17
=103.28 單位商品FOB凈價= 14.6*(1-2%)=14.308 出口換匯成本
=單位商品總成本/單位商品FOB凈價
= 103.28 / 14.308=7.22 盈虧額 = FOB凈價×銀行外匯買入價-出口商品總成本
又:出口盈虧率=出口盈虧額/出口商品總成本
=(14.308*8.27-103.28)/ 103.28
=14.57%
五、某出口公司按每公噸1,200美元FOB上海對外報價,國外客戶要求改報CIFf日金山。假設(shè)每公噸運(yùn)費(fèi)為130美元,加1成投保,保險費(fèi)為1%,問該出口公司應(yīng)報價多少?(要求寫出計算公式及計算過程
答:CIF=(FOB+國外運(yùn)費(fèi))/(1-保險加成*保險費(fèi)率)=1344.80美元