第一篇：新世紀(jì)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程2答案聽(tīng)力原文unit5
Directions: In this section, you will hear several conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.A: Do you know that my handbag is missing?
B: There's a good chance that you will find it in the bedroom..The woman should look for her handbag in the dining room.（嶺師分享群391337364發(fā)布）The woman should look for her handbag in the bedroom.Her handbag is probably lost.Her handbag is probably stolen in the shop.A: I had a strange dream last night.I was a prince.B: Well, it's only a dream...The man's dream is very strange.The man's dream is real.The man shouldn't take the dream too seriously.The man should tell more about his dream.A: John, do you have a minute? B: Yeah.What is it, Carol? A: I'm writing my term paper on my computer.But these windows keep popping up all the time.You see that one? Do you know what's going on?
B: Oh, that's a problem.Have you used any software this morning?
A: I just received my emails and then I used this writing program, as always.B: Then it's really weird.When was the first time you saw these nasty windows?
A: This morning...Oh, I remember...something was wrong with my computer yesterday.B: What is it? A: Um...when I finished my work yesterday, the computer couldn't be shut off like before.So I just cut the power.Do you think it is connected?
B: Maybe.Eh...then...what did you do on your computer yesterday? A: Surfing the net, writing the paper...Oh, there was something more.I chatted with a friend online.B: All right.Now I see.It's probably a virus problem and you probably get it through the chatting program.A: Really? Then what can I do now? B: Don't worry about that.I'll fix it.A: Oh, thank you.It's so kind of you.Questions 3 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.What problem does Carol have on her computer? She cannot shut off her computer.Windows keep popping up.She cannot write her paper.The computer cannot be turned on.Carol _____ this morning.received emails surfed the net downloaded music chatted online John thinks the problem is caused by ____.the chatting program the email program Carol's carelessness virus Directions: In this section, you will hear several short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Directions: In this section, you will hear several short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Passage One
The Bermuda Triangle is an area of water in the North Atlantic Ocean where a large number of planes and boats have gone missing mysteriously.Over the years many explanations have been put forward for the disappearances.Although many of the reports have been exaggerated, there is still no explanation for the large number of disappearances in the area.Scientists now have two best theories for the mystery.One theory is that a giant sea animal lives in the triangle.It takes ships and pulls them down.A scientist once found a 6-foot eel, which is expected to grow 72 feet long.Someone also saw sea monsters.This theory is hard to be proven, but there may just be something in the Bermuda Triangle.The other better theory is the gas theory.Carbon dioxide is a gas that freezes at much warmer temperatures than water.The triangle is full of carbon dioxide and that means that when boats pass through the triangle, the gas can freeze on the base, making the boats sink from the weight.The gas can also explain plane disappearances too.When the engine starts, it can cause the gas in the air to catch fire and make the aircraft explode.The explosion can also explain the strange lights in the triangle.So this theory can explain a lot.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.Where is the Bermuda Triangle? In the North Pacific Ocean.In the South Pacific Ocean.In the North Atlantic Ocean.In the South Atlantic Ocean.A large number of boats and _____ have been reported missing in the area.ships people fish planes A scientist once found an eel which could grow to _____ long.6 feet 12 feet 36 feet 72 feet Carbon dioxide ________ at much warmer temperature than water.turned into water expands freezes disappears According to one explanation, aircrafts explode because _____.the gas in the air catches fire when the engine starts sinking boats are exploding the temperature is too high in the area strange lights have appeared in the air
Passage Two
The Stonehenge is located in southern England.It is a large circle of stones that was built around 2500-1600 B.C.Its purpose still remains a mystery to scientists.Legend says that the heel stone, a famous stone there, was thrown by the devil into a monk.It struck him on the heel and is still there.People used to believe the giants made the Stonehenge.Now many of them believe that the Stonehenge could have been used for religious purposes.It could be a calendar marking an event in the future, according to its position that matched the stars.The Stonehenge could have been built for a religious God.More recently two major new theories have been proposed.According to one theory, the Stonehenge was used in a ritual and was joined to Durrington Walls and the River Avon.The area around Durrington Walls was a land of the living, while the Stonehenge was a land of the dead.A journey along the Avon to reach Stonehenge represents a journey from life to death, to honor the people who died in the past.The other theory suggested that Stonehenge was a place of healing.And that is why there are so many graves in the area.However supporters of both theories do agree that the place was probably used for ancestor worship.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.The Stonehenge in England is _____.no longer a mystery a large circle of stones a riverside area a circle of old walls According to the legend, the heel stone was thrown by a devil into a ____.farmer monk giant woman Why could the Stonehenge be used as a calendar? Because people marked important dates on it.Because the number of stones matched the number of days.Because it was located in the middle of England.Because its position matched the stars.One recent theory says that Stonehenge represents a journey _____.from poverty to wealth from child to adult from life to death from sunrise to sunset What do the two recent theories have in common? Both of them agree that Stonehenge is to worship gods.Both of them agree that Stonehenge is to worship ancestors.Both of them agree that Stonehenge was built by British people.Both of them agree that Stonehenge was used by the church.Directions: In this section, you will hear several sentences.Listen carefully and then repeat.Sherlock Homes is probably the greatest detective ever known.He never actually existed.He was an imaginary detective who appears in sixty stories.He was very intelligent and successful and solved many cases.He always arrested the criminal.Directions: There is a short text shown on the computer screen(as is shown below).You are required to read the text aloud.Your voice will be recorded into the system.You'll have 1 minute for preparation and then you are required to begin reading when hearing the beginning signal sound and stop it when hearing the ending signal sound.Your reading should be limited within 1.5 minutes.Now you have 1 minute to prepare.Déjà vu [] is a fancy term, taken from French, which means “already seen.” It's a feeling you get that you've been somewhere and seen something or done something before.But you know perfectly well that you haven't been there before and haven't seen that or done that before.People get all excited about it, and think maybe they really did that stuff in a previous life or something.I'm a nurse and I've read all about it.What's really going on is some signal activity in the brain.And every now and then one of those signals runs the wrong way.So it's like a false thought.You feel like you were there before but you really weren't.It's just our brains' short-circuiting.Directions: Look at the picture below, which is about a well-known unsolved mystery.You are required to tell 1)what you have read or heard about it;2)what part of it you believe and why;3)what part of it you don't believe and why.You'll have 1 minute to prepare and another 2 minutes to complete your presentation.Now you have 1 minute to prepare.Directions: True or False.Watch the video clip and decide whether the following statements are True(T)or False(F).Looking for Mr.Right Sun-hee: Tara, are you still reading the personal ads? Tara: Yep.Sun-hee: You know those ads will never help you find a relationship.Tara: Yes, they will!I've already been on three dates.Sun-hee: Yeah.And you're still looking...Tara: Well, it's just that I haven't found the right person yet.Sun-hee: I don't get it.You've been on three unsuccessful dates, and you still think it's a good idea.Why?
Tara: Well, for one thing, I wouldn't say all my dates have been completely unsuccessful.I may not have met “Mr.Right” yet, but I've still had fun.Sun-hee: Yeah, but you can have fun anywhere.You don't need to go searching through a newspaper for “Mr.Right”.Tara: Sun-hee, it can happen!My friend Karen just got engaged to a man she met through the personals, and she dated lots of men before she met him.Sun-hee: And that means...Sun-hee: He's probably a total Romeo...“Romantic”...“casual dating”...there's no way he's sincere.Sun-hee: Hmm...“good personality”...“l(fā)ooks aren't everything”...sounds like he might not be too cute.Tara: Why do you say that? You've never even met him.Tara: You are so fussy!No wonder you haven't tried dating through the personals yet.Sun-hee: If you must know, I did answer a personal ad...once.Tara: Yeah? What happened Sun-hee: We went out for dinner, and all he did was talk about himself — and his old girlfriend!Oh, it was awful!
Tara: OK, that does sound terrible, but they're not all bad.Tara: All right.Let's go Tara is reading a magazine.T F Tara already has three unsuccessful dates.T F Tara's friend Karen married a man she met through the personal ads.T F Sun-hee has never tried dating through personal ads.T F In the end Tara and Sun-hee will go out to answer a personal ad.T F Directions: Fill in the blanks.Watch the video clip a and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.Sun-hee: Yeah, but you can have fun anywhere.You don't need to go searching through newspaper for “Mr.Right”....Sun-hee: And that means...Tara: Never give up!Ooh!Here's one: “Romantic, handsome , well-built male looking for attractive female for casual dating.”...Tara: Why do you say that? You've never even met him.Sun-hee: Well, first of all , he's writing about his “good personality ” and “intelligence”.And second of all, he's saying that looks shouldn't be important for the person he dates.Sun-hee: Yeah, but you can have anywhere.You don't need to go newspaper for “Mr.Right”....Sun-hee: And that means...Tara: Never!Ooh!Here's one: “Romantic， well-built maleattractive female for.”...Tara: Why do you say that? You've neverhim.Sun-hee: Well, first, he'swriting about his “good” and “intelligence”.And second of all, he's saying that shouldn't be important for the person he dates.Directions: In this section, you will hear several conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.（嶺師分享群391337364發(fā)布）
第二篇：新世紀(jì)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程第二冊(cè)UNIT5聽(tīng)力文本
Activity One
Sherlock Holmes is probably the greatest detective ever known –well, at least he’s one of the most famous.But he never actually existed…h(huán)e’s an imaginary detective who appears in sixty stories created by the Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.Doyle was not always a writer.He started his career as a doctor.Fortunately for us, he did not have many patients.He needed money and so he started to write stories.The first Sherlock Holmes story was pubished in 1887, and was called A study in Scarlet.Later, a magazine published The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and readers loved it!
What makes Sherlock Holmes so special? Well, he was very intelligent and successful.He always arrested the criminal-every single time –with the help of his partner, Dr.Watson.In the stories, Holmes lived at 221B Baker Street in London, England.Thousands of people visit that address every year.There’s also a Sherlock Holmes Museum in London.Activity TwoMike: …So, we can look forward to warmer temperature.It’ll be a good weekend for the beach.Over to you, Alexa.Alexa: Thank you for that weather report, Mike.And finally, this story just in.… We have a report that a local man, Nick Brown, saw some strange lights.He was driving home at about 10 p.m.He said the lights were bright and they moved across the sky.He stopped at a gas station and talked to a police officer about the lights.The police officer had seen the lights, too.M: Hmmm, … that’s strange story.What happened next?
A: Well, Mr.Brown took some pictures, but there was no film in his camera.Finally, he called his wife on his cell phone.But by that time, the lights were gone.M: Well, I know that there is a legend around here about mysterious lights … a lot of local people have seen the lights.It’s starting to seem like those lights really exist..What do you think, Alexa?
A: I don’t believe it.I think it’s some kind of hoax!
Activity Three
It was raining heavily.I couldn’t see clearly.I drove slowly.Suddenly, I saw a young girl.She was dressed neatly and standing in the middle of the road.I was surprised!Somehow, I stopped the car quickly.“What are
you doing?” I asked.She looked at me strangely but didn’t answer.“Are you OK?” I asked.“I’m fine,” she answered.Then she smiled happily and walked away quietly.Nervously, I drove to my hotel and checked in.I told the clerk about the little girl.“Do you know her?” I asked.“Oh yes,” he said calmly.“That’s Mary Anne.She died five years ago on that road.It was a car accident during a rainstorm.”
Activity FourIt was early morning, June 30, 1908, in eastern Russia.Suddenly, a terrible explosion rocked the forest in Tunguska.People fell to the ground, and all the trees for 2000 square kilometers were down.People heard the explosion 800 kilometers away, and the fire burned for many weeks.A century later, scientists are still trying to find the answer.Here are some possible explanations.1.An asteroid: Asteroids are very large pieces of rock that goes around in space and sometimes hit the planet.They can cause lots of damage.Some of them weigh as much as 100,00 tons.If an asteroid hit the earth, it would cause a huge explosion.2.A comet: Comets are giant balls of gas, ice., and rock with long tails.They travel through space in a regular pattern.Encke’s Comet was near Earth in1908, and it’s possible that a part of it broke off and hit the earth.3.An UFO accident: Some people believe that a spaceship crashed into the ground in Siberia and its engine exploded.4.An extraterrestrials might have wanted to destroy the earth, so they aimed their weapons at Earth and set fire to the forest.5.A scientific experiment: Another idea is that scientists made a mistake during an experiment with electricity.A man named Nikola Tesla tried to build a “supergun” that used electricity.Maybe it was a test of his gun and it didn’t work correctly.Activity Five
Q(question).Where is Marfa and what exactly is it famous for?
A(answer).Marfa is a small town in west Texas in the United States.It’s famous for the “Marfa mystery lights”.Q.What are the mystery lights exactly?
A.No one knows for sure.There are many different ideas about that.Q.Can you describe them?
A.That’s a difficult question.Different people see different lights.They are not always the same.I can say that they appear after sunset in the sky.They dance mysteriously in air and vanish.Then they suddenly reappear.Q.Some people say they are car headlights.Do you think so?
A.No.I don’t.A man first saw the mystery lights over 100 years ago.The man was Robert Ellison and the year was 1883.Of course we didn’t have cars in 1883.Q.What do you think causes the lights?
A.There are many theories.The Native Americans thought the lights were stars falling to Earth.Some people think uranium gas causes the lights.Other people suggest that ball lightning does it.Ball lightning is lightning in the shape of circle.It often appears just after a rainstorm.Q What are some of the weirdest ideas about the lights?
A.Well, some people call them “ghost lights”.They think ghosts do it.That’s the strangest idea.Some say they are UFOs.I don’t think so.Q.What do the experts say?
A.They can’t figure it out.Some engineers even came from Japan one time.They studied the lights, but couldn’t solve the mystery.Q.Are the local people scared?
A.No, actually, they aren’t.They like the lights.And every year in early September there is a big town festival to celebrate the mystery lights.
第三篇：新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程2_聽(tīng)力答案
Unit 1 Roll over, Beethoven!
II Listening skills
1-5: B B D C A
III Listening in
Task 1: 1-5: F T F T F
Task 2: 1-5: B B D A C
Task 3: 1-5: classical, peaceful, relaxing, Jazz, sadness
6-10: heavy metal, energy, sporting events, physical labor, road accidents
V Let’s talk
1-8: Good Morning to All, success, musical talents, without, second part, replaced, legal action, real owners
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-6: special, joke, talent, proud, loud, joy
7-12: honesty, dancer, talk, wondered, capture, fan
Task 2: 1-5: B A A D C
Task 3: 1-5: F F T T T
Unit 2 What’s on at the cinema?
II Listening skills
1-5: A D B C B
III Listening in
Task 1: 1-5: director, sound effects, good story, think, sad 6-9: violent, light-hearted movies, mystery movie, in the future Task 2: 1-5: D C D A B
Task 3: 1-5: film, directors, actors, important, the United Kingdom 6-10: viewers, 40 million, Olympic, World Cup, time
11-15: artistic value, depth, Best Picture, favor, science fiction V Let’s talk
1-5: A B C D D
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-5: memorizing lines, remember one line, I hear the guns roar, a loud boom, forgot his line
Task 2: 1-5: A C C A D
Task 3: 1-5: F T F T F
Unit 3 Every Jack has his Jill!
II Listening skills
1-5: B A A A A
III Listening in
Task 1: 1-5: go out, flaming red, crush, chicken, likes
6-9: guts, turn him down, keeping everything, tell her
Task 2: 1-5: early, late teens, Double-dating, Group dating, marry 6-9: Adult dating, hardly, Blind date, never
Task 3: 3-2-1-5-9-7-6-4-8
V Let’s talk
1-5: B B C D A
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-4: B D C A
Task 2: 1-5: the young man’s plans, a nice house, God will provide for us, Don’t worry, sir, play the role of God
Task 3: 1-5: F F T T F
Unit 4 Beware of ads
II Listening skills
Good to the last drop.—Maxwell coffee
Make yourself heard.—Ericsson mobile phone
Obey your thirst.—Sprite soda drink
We lead.Others copy.—Ricoh photocopier
No business to small, no problem too big.—IBM company
Drivers wanted.—Volkswagen car
Don’t leave home without it.—American Express credit card
She works while you rest.—A washing machine
III Listening in
Task 1: 1-7: shoes, funny, a lot of life, ad, extra spring, money, tall man
8-13: millions of dollars, for nothing, reach the top, hard work, focus on, forget
Task 2: 1-5: F T F F T
Task 3: 1-5: A B B C C
V Let’s talk
1-5: T F T F T
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-5: banned tobacco/cigarette ads, young people smoking
cigarettes, ways around the law, new customers, old ones, smoking on campus
Task 2: 1-5: A C B D D
Task 3: 1-5: F T F T F
Unit 5 Does your best friend have four legs?
II Listening skills
1-5: A B B D C
III Listening in
Task 1: 4-1-3-5-2-6
Task 2: 1-5: A D B C C
Task 3: 1-5: C D B A C
V Let’s talk
1-6: five dollars, chops, worst/lowest quality, barked, finest, money
7-12: own/have, followed, apartment house, third floor, scratched on, door
13-18: yelled at, stop, smartest/cleverest, lamb chops, looked at, his key
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-5: a dog, delighted/pleased, one of her friends, be close, interview
6-9: warn, smell, foretell/predict, a chicken
Task 2: 1-5: C B C D D
Task 3: 1.in the theater
2.a ticket
3.well-trained, intelligent, human
4.any problem, leave the theater, any other dog
5.let the dog in, almost empty
Unit 6 What’s in fashion?
II Listening skills
Dialog 1: D, The first girl(The girl who wears the short skirt)Dialog 2: B, No, she hasn’t.III Listening in
Task 1: 1-4: looks funny, looks fine, out of fashion, good on her 5-7: out-dated, following the fashion trends, no wonder
Task 2: 1-5: fashionable clothes, trends, copied, traditional center, are guarded
6-10: July, great numbers, a high price, starting point, only a part Task 3: 1-5: D A C B C
V Let’s talk
1-5: different and daring, Teenagers, their legs, shorter and shorter, five inches
6-10: loose morals, never appear, look childlike, women’s liberation, traditional
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-5: T F T F F
Task 2: 1-7: nervous, afraid, first time, locker, blanket, come out, wore Task 3: 1-4: new clothes, full of clothes, university tuition, clothes in fashion
5-7: the Middle Ages, part-time job, not too expensive
Unit 7 Does money talk?
II Listening skills
1-5: B A A D B
III Listening in
Task 1: 1-5: banker, loan, saving, save, spend, mortgage, property, property values, risen/gone up/increased by 30 percent
Task 2: 1-5: A B D C C
Task 3: 1-5: F T F T F
V Let’s talk
1-7: money, all his money, promise, in the casket, sitting, next to, close 8-14: box, locked, foolish, all that money, go back on her word, put the money, check
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-7: the beggar, needed help, careful, a job, a hard time, waste, good luck
Task 2: 1-5: D C B D A
Task 3: 1-5: T F F T T
Unit 8 Crime does pay!
II Listening skills
1-6: First, not only, but also, Also, Instead, More importantly 7-11: though, Moreover, In fact, Last but not least, for example III Listening in
Task 1: 1-5: F T F T F
Task 2: 1-5: B D C A C
Task 3: 1-6: give out, number, online, sites, credit card, low 7-11: outgoing, thieves, offers, mailbox, front door
V Let’s talk
4-5-6-7-3-2-1
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1.freeze
2.tall, shorter, red jacket
3.his gun, open, the rest of the people
4.key, safe
5.calm, a medal
Task 2: 1-5: A D C D B
Task 3: 1-5: F T T F F
Unit 9 Are you safe today?
II Listening skills
1-6: crashing into, at least three, dozens more, big hole, danger, 32 7-12: 68, 5:48, 18 minutes, terrorism, four, the pilot
III Listening in
Task 1: 1-5: T F T F F
Task 2: 1-5: D A B C C
Task 3: 1-7: candle, couple, six, 190 people, 1,500, 15 percent, nearly 5 percent
8-13: about 1 percent, 700 percent, burning candle, away, at least a foot, children and pets
V Let’s talk
1-5: lost it for drunk driving, stole the car and killed the owner, in the trunk, horrified, calls for backup, I was speeding, too
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-5: 120°, burns, candles, blow them out, electrical appliances 6-10: flickering lights, smoke alarm, floor plan, exits
Task 2: 1-5: A C C B D
Task 3: 1-5: emergency 911, had broken down, woman passenger, No.15, 15 miles
6-9: ambulance, the operator, calm and warm, a boy
Unit 10 Want freedom from fear?
II Listening skills
1-8: take off, land, representative, how a plane flies, stays on the ground, short flight, increase, another city
III Listening in
Task 1: 1-5: go camping, planning to go, the mountains, the most beautiful, drive
6-11: heights, wonderful views, skip the climbing, clean up, fun, overcome Task 2: 1-5: T F F T F
Task 3: 1-5: C D B A A
V Let’s talk
1-5: a school examination, the basement, shopping, steps, frightened 6-10: come in, the window, toy gun, upstairs, take the dog
11-14: have heard, the window, her parents, dial the number
VI Further listening and speaking
Task 1: 1-6: first prize, software competition, a trip to, fly, turns, goes pale, a cold sweat, some medicines, cause, a lot of trouble Task 2: 1-5: A C D B A
Task 3: 1-5: T T F F T
第四篇：新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)_視聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程3原文及翻譯
Unit 1 Inside View Conversation 1 Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li.I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England.But I’m not in Oxford right now.And I haven’t gone back home to China either.It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer.I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities.I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus.I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city.So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London.This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter.And what’s my job? Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day.But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him.So can you tell me something about London, Andy? Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world..Joe: Except for New York!Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh!Joe: And your point is…? Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York… Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much.It’s a fact.Andy: A fact!Are you serious? Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world.Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself… Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………
珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。我目前還是一位英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)的學(xué)生，但我現(xiàn)在不在牛津，也還沒(méi)有回中國(guó)的家?，F(xiàn)在在放長(zhǎng)假，而且不管你信不信，現(xiàn)在是夏天的中期。我現(xiàn)在正在世界上最棒的城市之一里度過(guò)我的夏天。我在倫敦，它是英國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)大廈、大本鐘、塔橋…和雙層巴士的故鄉(xiāng)。我想知道住在如此熱鬧和生氣勃勃的城市里是什么感覺(jué)。所以，我現(xiàn)在在為倫敦下班網(wǎng)效勞。它是一個(gè)報(bào)道倫敦時(shí)事的網(wǎng)站。這是喬，他是我的老板，而他是安迪，一位記者。我的工作是什么呢？這個(gè)我也不知道，因?yàn)榻裉焓俏业牡谝惶?，但我?huì)注定跟隨著安迪。喔，我的意思是，我將會(huì)協(xié)助他。那么安迪，你能告訴我一些關(guān)于倫敦的事情嗎？ 安 迪： 倫敦是世界上最棒的城市。喬 ： 除了紐約以外！安 迪： 紐約？別逗我笑了！喬 ： 那你的觀點(diǎn)是… ? 安 迪： 注意，如果你真的需要我的觀點(diǎn)，倫敦確實(shí)比紐約棒… 喬 ： 不，我不需要你的觀點(diǎn)，非常感謝！這是事實(shí)！安 迪： 事實(shí)！你是當(dāng)真的嗎？
珍妮特：我們現(xiàn)在在倫敦，或許是世界上最棒的城市。安 迪： 什么？或許？對(duì)不起，我寧可自己處理這個(gè)…
喬 ： 啊，安迪，繼續(xù)做你的美夢(mèng)吧...Conversation 2 Janet：So when did you start working at London Time Off?
Andy: About a year ago.Janet: And I hope you don’t mind my asking ,but do you like working here? Andy: Yes, I love it.I mean, Joe and I get along quite well.He drives me crazy sometimes, because he’s my boss, and I wish I earned a bit more money, but…I think my job is really cool, because I get to see everything that’s happening in London.And I didn’t want to join the rat race.Janet: What do you mean by the rat race? Andy: You know, doing the same thing day in day out, and not doing anything creative, or having any time to enjoy life.It’s the last thing I want to do.Janet: So do you mind telling me what you do exactly? Andy: Basically, we check out new events on the London music scene, you know, new clubs, the latest plays and films, as well as exhibitions in galleries and museums.Then we go and film interviews with the musicians or the actors, or anyone who has anything to do with the event.Janet: Ok, then what happens? Andy: We edit the interviews, and then we upload it all onto the website.We get 200,000 hits a week.We’re London’s biggest listings site.Janet: Can I ask you something else? Andy: Fire away.Janet: What are we going to do now? Andy: I need to go back to my flat, and get my research.Then we’ve got an interview to do.Let’s get the tube back to my place.Janet: And what about Joe? Andy: Well, he’s supposed to be on his way to the National Theatre, to do an interview with the director of a new play.But I kind of hope he gets lost on the way.Then he’ll discover what a great place London is.Janet: I don’t understand.Andy: I’m joking!Come on, let’s go!
珍妮特：那么你是什么開(kāi)始在倫敦下班網(wǎng)上班的呢？ 安 迪： 大約一年前。
珍妮特：我希望你不要介意我的發(fā)問(wèn)，你喜歡在這里工作嗎？
安 迪： 是，我非常喜歡。我的意思是，喬跟我相處得挺好的。雖然有時(shí)我快被他搞瘋了，因?yàn)樗俏业睦习?，而且我又希望能多賺點(diǎn)錢(qián)，但…我認(rèn)為我的工作是十分有趣的，因?yàn)槲夷軌蚩吹絺惗卣诎l(fā)生的事情。再說(shuō)，我不愿意自己處在商業(yè)中無(wú)意義的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)里。珍妮特：你說(shuō)的商業(yè)中無(wú)意義的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是什么意思？
安 迪： 你知道，日復(fù)一日地做著同樣的事情并且不做任何有創(chuàng)意的事或擁有任何可以享受生活的時(shí)間。這是我最不想做的事情。
珍妮特：那你介意告訴我你具體都做些什么嗎？
安 迪： 基本上，除了新的俱樂(lè)部、最新的戲劇和電影，還有美術(shù)館和博物館里的展覽，你知道，我們會(huì)關(guān)注倫敦樂(lè)壇的新動(dòng)向。然后，我們?nèi)ゲ稍L音樂(lè)家或演員或任何與此事件有關(guān)的人并將此采訪的內(nèi)容錄下來(lái)。
珍妮特：好的，那接下來(lái)呢？
安 迪： 我們編輯這些采訪然后將它們?nèi)慷忌蟼鞯骄W(wǎng)站上。我們一周就取得了二十萬(wàn)個(gè)網(wǎng)路點(diǎn)擊數(shù)。我們是倫敦最大的數(shù)據(jù)站點(diǎn)。珍妮特：我能問(wèn)你其他事情嗎？ 安 迪： 盡管問(wèn)吧。
珍妮特：我們現(xiàn)在要做什么？
安 迪： 我需要回到我的公寓去拿我的研究調(diào)查。然后，我們得去做個(gè)采訪。讓我們乘地鐵到我家去吧。珍妮特：那喬怎么辦？
安 迪： 他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在去國(guó)家劇院的路上。他要去給一位新戲劇的導(dǎo)演做個(gè)采訪。但我有點(diǎn)兒希望他在途中迷路。然后，他將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)倫敦是多么棒的一個(gè)地方。珍妮特：我不明白。
安 迪： 我是在開(kāi)玩笑！快點(diǎn)，我們走吧！
Outside view Happiness is not what most students have in mind when they think of school.Yet a school in Germany has developed a novel way to raise the morale of its students, by teaching happiness in classes.Students at Heidelberg’s Willy Hellpach School of Economics are learning how to achieve happiness as an official subject, alongside mathematics and languages.This is the first school in Germany to develop a happiness course, intended for 17-to 19-year-olds preparing for university entrance exams.Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school’s principal, is on a mission to change things.Ernst Fritz-Schubert: It was my idea-I’ve been at this school for 31 years, and I feel that school and happiness have to be reunited.These are two terms which are not considered together, because one does not connect school with happiness.In some cases school comes behind the dentists on the popularity scale and we should try to push schools’ popularity a bit.It has been proved by science that a happy student can learn more than an unhappy one, Unhappy students can concentrate for a while but do not use all their potential.The happiness classes are intended to help students fulfill their potential.They will help the students live happy and prosperous lives.The classes aim to help students in achieving a positive state of mind, by using all their own resources and boosting their self-esteem.In addition, they hope classes will increase self-awareness and physical comfort.Happiness classes are also intended to make students more aware about their environment and society as a whole.During classes students are encouraged to express themselves and observe their peers’ behavior.The classes are taught by Bjoern Bonn, an actor and visiting lecturer.Bjoern Bonn: One of the exercises I do is to have one of the students walk across the classroom, with the others copying his walk.Through this exercise, I hope they learn something about themselves.Why do I move like this? How do others see my way of walking? I hope that with a higher body awareness they ideally –of course it will take time-achieve a higher self-consciousness which could lead to happiness.Wolfgang Lang: We give these classes to students to help them find happiness.Now the question is: How do I define happiness? Happiness is for example a strengthening of the personality.We are providing helpful suggestions to make stronger people.People that ask?Who am I as a person? Am I really happy??
Pascal Gemble: It takes time and everybody has to find happiness for themselves.You cannot go into a coaching lesson and say teach me happiness.One can only get indications from teachers or the visiting lecturers.There are also happiness scientists, if we could talk to one of those, I am sure he would have some hints.Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya: You would think that the teachers are writing definitions on the board.Not true.Those who want happiness have to find it for themselves, you cannot really learn that.So what does it take to be happy and can you learn it at school?
當(dāng)學(xué)生想起學(xué)校，快樂(lè)不是多數(shù)人想到的。目前，德國(guó)一所學(xué)校已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了一種新穎的通過(guò)在課堂上教授快樂(lè)的方法來(lái)提升其學(xué)生們的精神面貌。Heidelberg ‘s Willy Hellpach School of Economics 正在研究怎樣將快樂(lè)實(shí)現(xiàn)為與數(shù)學(xué)和語(yǔ)言一樣的官方課程。這是德國(guó)第一家開(kāi)設(shè)快樂(lè)課程的學(xué)校，意欲為17至19歲的學(xué)生作高考的準(zhǔn)備。
Ernst Fritz-Schubert,學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)，肩負(fù)著變革的使命。
Ernst Fritz-Schubert：?這是我的想法—我已經(jīng)在這所學(xué)校呆了31年，我認(rèn)為學(xué)校和快樂(lè)必須被重組，這是不被認(rèn)為該在一起的兩部分，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生不把學(xué)校與快樂(lè)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。在某些情況下，學(xué)校在受歡迎程度上落后于牙醫(yī)，我們應(yīng)該努力推動(dòng)學(xué)校的受歡迎度。
科學(xué)已經(jīng)證明一個(gè)快樂(lè)的學(xué)生能比一個(gè)不快樂(lè)的學(xué)生學(xué)到更多。不快樂(lè)的學(xué)生能在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)集中注意力，但不能發(fā)揮他們所有的潛力，這些快樂(lè)課程致力于幫助學(xué)生發(fā)揮他們的潛能，能幫學(xué)生生活在快樂(lè)繁榮的生活中。?
這種課程旨在幫助學(xué)生們通過(guò)用他們自己的特長(zhǎng)和激勵(lì)他們的自尊來(lái)達(dá)到思想的積極狀態(tài)。另外，他們希望課程會(huì)增加自覺(jué)意識(shí)和身體素質(zhì)，快樂(lè)課程還致力于讓學(xué)生意識(shí)到環(huán)境與社會(huì)是作為一個(gè)整體存在。課堂期間學(xué)生被鼓勵(lì)表達(dá)自我和關(guān)注同伴的行為，課程由演員和客座講師 Bjoern Bonn講授。Bjoern Bonn：?我做的其中一個(gè)練習(xí)是讓學(xué)生走過(guò)教室，其他學(xué)生模仿他的步伐。通過(guò)這個(gè)練習(xí)，我希望他們從自己身上學(xué)得一些東西‘為什么我像這樣行動(dòng)？其他人怎樣評(píng)價(jià)我走路的方式？’我希望伴隨著更高的身體意識(shí)他們?cè)瓌t上——當(dāng)然這需要時(shí)間——實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的抵達(dá)快樂(lè)的自我意識(shí)。? Wolfgang Lang：?我們?yōu)閷W(xué)生們開(kāi)設(shè)這些課程來(lái)幫助他們找尋快樂(lè)，現(xiàn)在問(wèn)題是：我該如何給快樂(lè)下定義？比如快樂(lè)是個(gè)性的加強(qiáng)。我們正提供有幫助的建議來(lái)使學(xué)生更強(qiáng)健，學(xué)生會(huì)問(wèn)：我是一個(gè)怎樣的人？我真的高興嗎？?
Pascal Gembe：?這需要花時(shí)間，每個(gè)人必須為自己找尋快樂(lè)，你不可能去一個(gè)訓(xùn)練課說(shuō)：‘教給我快樂(lè)’。一個(gè)學(xué)生只能從教師或客座講師那得到暗示，另外也有研究快樂(lè)的科學(xué)家，如果我們能與他們之一交流，我確信他能給一些暗示。?
Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya：?你會(huì)認(rèn)為老師在黑板上寫(xiě)下快樂(lè)的定義，那不正確。哪些想得到快樂(lè)的學(xué)生必須為他們自己尋找，你不能真正通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)得到。?
既然如此，得到快樂(lè)的代價(jià)是什么？你能在學(xué)校學(xué)到它嗎？
Listening in Passage one Interviewer: Can you tell me…h(huán)ow do you think you have changed as you have matured?What things have had a major influence on you? Speaker 1 : Well, let me think…I suppose going to university had a big impact on my life.It made me much more open-minded.I met so many different types of people there with weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the way I see the world.I’m much more tolerant now… It made me a more rounded person.Interviewer: Great, and had any particular person had a central role in forming your character? Speaker 1: I guess that’d have to be my grandfather.I was very close to him, and he taught me to stand up for my beliefs.He was always telling me about this… Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life? Speaker 2: I think that traveling my gap year made me grow up and see both the beauty of the world and, well…just the generosity of ordinary people.I traveled a lot around Asia and you know, I found that in some of the poorest countries, like Cambodia and Laos, people share whatever little they have, and they possess a real joy for life.It’s probably made me a less selfish person.Interviewer: Interesting…so you would recommend that young people take a gap year to discover themselves and the world? Speaker 2: Definitely.It gives you an opportunity o learn about the world beyond the one you grew up in and I found it really…
Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life have had the greatest influence in forming your personality? Speaker 3: Well…a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young people all lived in a house together.Each week some one was voted off by the audience.I got down to the final three!I suppose being on the show and seeing how the other contestants behaved made me realize how selfish and spiteful some people can be just to get what they want.I also realized it’s best to just be yourself in life.If you pretend to be someone different people will eventually see through the lies.Interviewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off? Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you.But you know, a slight regret that I didn’t win because I kind of…
Interviewer: So you can tell me, what one thing do you think that has had the biggest impact on your life? Speaker 4: Hmm, that’s a difficult question.But I think helping victims of the tsunami in 2004 had a very great impact on me.I’m half Thai and I’d just arrived in Thailand for a family Christmas holiday.When I heard the news I knew I had to help-you couldn’t not.I ended up acting as an interpreter for a group of volunteer doctors.It was an incredibly difficult time but you know, even in the middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still a huge amount of genuine human kindness.Interviewer: That’s amazing!And has it changed the way you view your future…
采訪者 你能不能告訴我…你認(rèn)為在你漸漸成熟的過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生了怎樣的變化呢？什么事情對(duì)你產(chǎn)生了主要的影響？
發(fā)言人1 嗯，讓我想想… 我認(rèn)為上大學(xué)對(duì)我的生活產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。大學(xué)生活讓我的思想更加開(kāi)明。我在那遇到了太多不同類(lèi)型的人，他們有著奇特而又令人稱(chēng)贊的想法。這讓我改變了我看世界的方式。我現(xiàn)在寬容多了… 上大學(xué)讓我成為了一個(gè)更加全面的人。
采訪者 太棒了…那有沒(méi)有一些特殊的人在你的性格塑造上產(chǎn)生主要影響呢？
受訪者1 我覺(jué)得這個(gè)人應(yīng)該是我的祖父。我和他非常親近，是他教會(huì)了我要堅(jiān)持自己的信仰。他總是這么和我說(shuō)…
采訪者 那什么人或事對(duì)你的生活產(chǎn)生了重要的影響呢？
受訪者2 我認(rèn)為在我的空檔年旅行讓我逐漸成長(zhǎng)，讓我同時(shí)看見(jiàn)了世界的美麗和…單單是普通人的慷慨。我去亞洲游玩了很多地方，你知道的，我發(fā)現(xiàn)在一些最貧困的國(guó)家，像柬埔寨和老撾，人們會(huì)分享
他們所擁有的一切，無(wú)論多少。因此他們擁有對(duì)生活最真的快樂(lè)。這很可能讓我成為一個(gè)不那么自私的人。
采訪者：很有趣。所以你建議年輕人在大學(xué)前的那一年里去發(fā)現(xiàn)自己和整個(gè)世界么？
受訪者2:：當(dāng)然了，它能夠給你一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去了解你生活環(huán)境之外的世界，而且我覺(jué)得它很…… 采訪者：你介意告訴我，在你的生活中，什么事情對(duì)你的人格的形成起了最重要的影響么？
受訪者3：恩，幾年前，我參加一個(gè)電視真人秀的時(shí)候，年輕人都住在同一個(gè)房子里。每一個(gè)星期，都會(huì)有人根據(jù)觀眾的投票而離開(kāi)。我堅(jiān)持到了最后三名！我想通過(guò)參加這次活動(dòng)，以及觀察其他參賽者的行為，讓我認(rèn)識(shí)到了一個(gè)人為了達(dá)到他的目的，可以多么的自私與居心叵測(cè)。同時(shí)我也認(rèn)識(shí)到了在生活中，最好做自己。如果你試圖去做其他不同于自己的人，別人最終會(huì)看穿這個(gè)謊言。采訪者：那么，當(dāng)你最后被投票要離開(kāi)的時(shí)候，你是什么感覺(jué)？
受訪者3：說(shuō)實(shí)話，我感覺(jué)如釋重負(fù)。但是你知道，還會(huì)有一點(diǎn)兒遺憾，我有些…… 采訪者：那么你可以告訴我，在你的生活中，什么事情對(duì)你起到了最大的影響么？
受訪者4：恩，這是個(gè)很難回答的問(wèn)題。但是我想在2004年的時(shí)候幫助海嘯受難者給我了巨大的影響。我有一半的泰國(guó)血統(tǒng)，那時(shí)我剛剛到達(dá)泰國(guó)去參加家庭的圣誕聚會(huì)。當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息的時(shí)候，我知道我必須去幫助他們——你不可能什么都不做。我最終成為一名醫(yī)生小組的口譯員。那是一個(gè)十分艱難的時(shí)期，但是你知道，即使是在這樣巨大的災(zāi)難之中，仍然會(huì)有很多人性的善良。采訪者：真的很震驚！那么它改變了你對(duì)未來(lái)的想法么？
Passage two Tony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counselor at Manchester University.She gives advice to school students on choosing the right subject to study at university.Joan, welcome to the show.Joan: Thanks Tony.Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It’s a huge, potentially life-changing decision, isn’t it?
Joan: Yes.I generally give students advice in two areas.Firstly, know yourself, and secondly, think to the future.Tony: When you say ?know yourself? what do you mean?
Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality traits and the things you like.Tony: I see…So how can our listeners do this?
Joan: Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far.For example, what subjects are you good at? Are you an organized and self-disciplined person? Are you confident and outgoing? Do you like working with others in a team or do you prefer working alone? These kinds of questions will help you discover more about yourself.Tony: Sounds like good advice.How about your second point regarding the future? Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to have a significant impact on your future career so it’s important to look into this carefully.I recommend you check not only which academic subjects will help you get into a particular area of work, but also look carefully at what universities offer.Each university has its strengths so try to choose one that is the best in your chosen field.Find out what links the department has to related industries and leading companies in it.Tony: Good point.Now I’d like to take some calls from our listeners.First up we have James on the line.Hi, James!How can we help?
James: Hi.I’m interested in career in IT and I’d like to ask Joan whether she thinks it’s better to go to a highly respected university, like Oxford, or to study somewhere that has more of a vocational focus? Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and how you see your future.Basically a handful of the brightest graduates are picked from the top universities around the world to join the leading IT companies.So I’d say if you’re a high-flyer then this is the route that might be for you.But if you are looking for a more mainstream career then you should consider a course that helps you acquire practical, transferable skills that you can use in the workplace…and look at which universities have the best levels of graduate recruitment for the kind of job you are aiming for.James: I see!Thanks a lot.That really helps me out…
Tony：今天我們生活選擇欄目的嘉賓是曼徹斯特大學(xué)的學(xué)校顧問(wèn)喬恩·羅賓遜。她將會(huì)給學(xué)生們一些在大學(xué)里如何去選擇正確的學(xué)科的建議。喬恩,歡迎來(lái)到我們的節(jié)目。Joan: 謝謝，托尼。
Tony：那么喬恩，我們的聽(tīng)眾在選擇課程時(shí)需要考慮些什么？這是一個(gè)重大的，可能改變生活的選擇，對(duì)嗎？
Joan：是的。我一般給學(xué)生們兩個(gè)方面的建議。第一，要了解自己；第二，要對(duì)未來(lái)持有看法。Tony：你說(shuō)的?了解自己?，具體是什么意思？
Joan：基本上，我的意思是要評(píng)價(jià)自己的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)、性格特征和興趣。Tony：明白。那么我們的聽(tīng)眾要怎么做到這一點(diǎn)呢？
Joan：目前，要從自我反思開(kāi)始。例如，你擅長(zhǎng)哪一科？你是不是一個(gè)有條理的，能自律的人？你是不是自信的，開(kāi)朗的？你喜歡在一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)中與別人合作還是孤軍奮戰(zhàn)？這些問(wèn)題能幫助你更多地了解自己。
Tony：聽(tīng)起來(lái)就是個(gè)好建議。那你的第二個(gè)關(guān)于未來(lái)的建議呢？
Joan：你選擇的主修課程很有可能對(duì)你以后的工作有重大的影響，所以，仔細(xì)地對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)進(jìn)行調(diào)查是很重要的。我要求的不僅僅是調(diào)查哪一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)能讓你找到好工作，而且要仔細(xì)地查閱一下學(xué)校提供的資源。每一所大學(xué)都有自己的特色，所以要試著選擇在你選擇范圍內(nèi)的最好的一所。并且要找到那一所大學(xué)與相關(guān)工廠和首席公司之間的關(guān)系。
Tony：好主意?，F(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)入到聽(tīng)眾熱線的環(huán)節(jié)。第一個(gè)連接上的聽(tīng)眾是詹姆斯。詹姆斯你好！我們有什么能幫助你的？
James：你好。我對(duì)IT行業(yè)很感興趣，我想問(wèn)一下喬恩，她認(rèn)為進(jìn)入一所受到尊重的學(xué)校，例如牛津大學(xué)好，還是選擇一所更加注重技術(shù)實(shí)踐的學(xué)校好？
Joan：很好，詹姆斯，你知道這完全決定于你想要從大學(xué)里得到什么還有你對(duì)未來(lái)的看法?；旧?，大把的精英都是從世界頂尖高校中被挑選出來(lái)進(jìn)入到領(lǐng)先世界的IT公司工作。我想說(shuō)，如果你是一個(gè)有野心的人，這可能是一條屬于你的路。但是，如果你正在尋找主流行業(yè)，那么你應(yīng)該考慮一門(mén)能幫助你鍛煉在工作中有用處的實(shí)踐能力與可傳遞能力的課程，和比較一下在哪一間大學(xué)里，你的目標(biāo)專(zhuān)業(yè)的就業(yè)率最高。
James：明白了！非常感謝，這些建議真的讓我豁然開(kāi)朗。
Unit 2 Inside view Conversion 1 Janet Hey, look at that!It’s just like I’ve seen it in the films!Andy Welcome to London, my hometown.We are in Shoutwark, south of the river.there’s London bridge off to your left, and there’s Tower Bridge.Janet I’m really impressed.How old is it? Andy It’s only about 120 years old.Janet well, that’s quite old.Andy the London Docks used to be around this area.What happened was that about three or four times a day, they raised Tower Bridge, so the bigger ships could come right into London.But because they couldn’t go under London bridge, they had to stop and unload here.Janet Does Tower Bridge still open? Andy well, not so often.When I was a kid, I think I saw tower bridge go up fairy often, all the traffic had to wait for the ships to pass through the bridge.Anyway, just this side of London bridge were lots of warehouses, where they kept their cargo.But during the second world war, there was lots of bombing over London… Janet yes, I read about that…the Blitz? Andy that’s right.And even when I was a kid, I remember that many of the buildings were still damaged.But in the late 1980s and 90s, this whole area was redeveloped, you can see for yourself, it’s a trendy place to live now.Janet is the river thames still polluted? Andy well, it certainly used to be polluted.I remember it had a very distinctive smell, if you fell in, they used to take you to hospital.Janet that’s sounds revolting!Andy yes, but in the 1960s, they cleaned it up, and in fact it’s now one of the cleanest city rivers in the world.翻譯：
珍妮特 嘿，看那！和我在電影里看到的一樣??！
安迪 歡迎來(lái)到我的故鄉(xiāng)倫敦。我們現(xiàn)在是在河的南邊---southwark,在你的左邊是倫敦大橋，那邊是
倫敦塔橋。
珍妮特 真讓人嘆為觀止啊！他有多長(zhǎng)的歷史了? 安迪 只有大概120年吧。珍妮特 已經(jīng)很久了。
安迪 輪的碼頭以前就在這附近，他們以前每天都會(huì)吧塔橋升起來(lái)三四次，以便讓大船進(jìn)入倫敦，但船又不能通過(guò)倫敦大橋，所以只能在這停下來(lái)下貨了。珍妮特 塔橋現(xiàn)在還會(huì)開(kāi)放嗎？
安迪 嗯，偶爾吧。我小的時(shí)候經(jīng)常看到塔橋升起來(lái)，當(dāng)時(shí)所有的車(chē)都會(huì)停下來(lái)等橋下的船通過(guò)。倫敦橋這邊還有許多他們用來(lái)存放貨物的倉(cāng)庫(kù)，但倫敦在二戰(zhàn)期間遭到了許多轟炸。珍妮特 是的，我在書(shū)上看到過(guò)，德國(guó)空襲，對(duì)吧？
安迪 沒(méi)錯(cuò)，甚至在我小的時(shí)候，還有許多遺留下來(lái)的被毀建筑，但在80年代后期到90年代，這邊整個(gè)區(qū)域都重建了。你看，現(xiàn)在這已經(jīng)是一個(gè)很時(shí)髦的居住地了！珍妮特 泰晤士河現(xiàn)在還是污染的嗎？
安迪 以前是，記得以前這有股很特別的味道，你一旦掉下去，就會(huì)被送去醫(yī)院。珍妮特 聽(tīng)起來(lái)有點(diǎn)惡心。
安迪 是的，但60年代已經(jīng)被清理干凈了，實(shí)際上它現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是世界上最干凈的河流之一了。
Conversion 2 Janet It is very different from the parts of London I know.Andy The thing about Southwark is that it’s a typical suburb of London, full of old buildings and shops.And this is where I grew up.I used to live in that building there.Janet It’s amazing.It looks very old.Andy Yes, it’s about 80 years old Janet And where did you go to school? Andy Let me see.Yes , it was about a mile away from here.From about the age of eight, I used to go by bike.We all made our way to school on our own, meeting up with friends along the way until there was a large gang of us kids as we got closer to school.These days parents are much more protective and take their kids to school by car.It’s safer, but it’s not as much fun.Anyway …where was I? Janet You were telling me about your schooldays.Andy That’s right.Anyway, I stayed at school until I was 16,and then I went to a college of further education, and did my A levels.And after that, I decided to go to university.Janet Your parents must have been proud of you.Andy Yes, I think so.I was the first person in my family to go to uni.Janet That’s fascinating.Andy And what about you? Janet Oh, it was a typical childhood in Anshan, nothing much to tell.Andy But I have no idea what a typical childhood is like in China.Janet OK, I will tell you.Let me think…
Andy Oh, hang on!Do you mind waiting here for a minute? Let me go up to my flat and get my research, and then you can tell me about it while we’re on our way back to the studio.Janet OK Andy Back in a minute…
珍妮特 這和我看到的倫敦的其他地方很不一樣啊。
安迪 守特瓦是一個(gè)很典型的倫敦郊區(qū)，這有許多古老的建筑和商場(chǎng)。這是我長(zhǎng)大的地方，我以前就住在那棟樓里。
珍妮特 哇！看起來(lái)很古老。安迪 是的，有大概80年了吧。珍妮特 對(duì)了，你去哪上學(xué)的？
安迪 讓我想想… 對(duì)了，離這大概一里遠(yuǎn)。八歲起我就開(kāi)始騎車(chē)上學(xué)，我們都是自己去的。一路上我們會(huì)碰到很多同學(xué)，到學(xué)校的時(shí)候已經(jīng)是一大幫人了。而現(xiàn)在的父母過(guò)度的保護(hù)自己的孩子，每天送他們上學(xué)，這當(dāng)然安全些，不過(guò)沒(méi)有趣。而且……我說(shuō)道哪了？ 珍妮特 你在講你的學(xué)生時(shí)代。
安迪 對(duì)了，而且我在學(xué)校呆到16歲后又進(jìn)了進(jìn)修學(xué)校，并且參加了大學(xué)入學(xué)考試。后來(lái)我又決定上大學(xué)了。
珍妮特 你父母一定為你感到驕傲吧！
安迪 我想是吧，在家里我是第一個(gè)上大學(xué)的。珍妮特 你太棒了。安迪 你呢？你怎么樣？
珍妮特 噢，那是在鞍山一個(gè)很典型的童年，沒(méi)什么太多可講。安迪 但還不知道在中國(guó)典型的童年是什么樣的??！珍妮特 好吧，我來(lái)告訴你，讓我想想……
安迪 噢，你先停下，在這等我一下好嗎？我先回宿舍拿下調(diào)研資料，然后在回錄音室的路上你再慢慢講給我聽(tīng)。珍妮特 好吧。安迪 我馬上回來(lái)。
Outside view HELP THE CHILDREN Around the world,many children are living in poverty.Many children live in countries where there's war.Many children do not get enough to eat.Some of these children are suffering from malnutrition.Many children in the world can’t go to school.One agency that is helping these children is UNICEF.UNICEF means the United Nations Children's Fund.UNICEF has more than seven thousand people working and one hundred and fifty_seven countries around the world to help children.One country where they are doing a great deal of work is Afghanistan.A whole generation of children in Afghanistan has never known peace,until recently.Now UNICEF is bringing food for malnourished children.They're bringing medicine.Here A medical team travels on horseback to bring medicine to a remote mountain village.And UNICEF is helping the children get an education.“During the time of Taliban ,we have made a survey among 40000 kids.And ,they all say that the first thing they want is peace,and the second thing that they want is ,was education.”The Taliban destroyed almost 2000 schools.Under the Taliban ,girls weren't allowed to attend school at all.“Well,over 50 percent of the school has been destroyed completely,in the rest of the 50 percent schools which,eh,eh,needs repair.We are trying to accommodate all the children in the schools.”Some of these schools are in people's home.This is a home school in Kabul.The teacher,Habiba Kilwati,has been running the school for 12 years.She supervises 26 other schools like it.“We want to learn,so wo can become teachers,doctors,or engineers,and be like normal students.”It was dangerous
for children to go to school.Under the Taliban,police punished families whose children went to school.Today,children are happy to be in school.“This morning I had some tea and an egg,and came to school.I have notebooks ,pencils,erasers,and friends,and fun here.?UNICEF is helping rebuild the educational system in Afghanistan in many ways.UNICEF is helping to train teachers.They're rebuilding schools,they're printing textbooks,and delivering books and other supplies to schools.This girls school was closed under the Taliban.Now,it's opening again.It has room for 960 students.These girls are happy to be back to school.”I'm very disappointed and sad that I wasted six years.There was no education then.I tried to study then with my parents,but it's not the same.It wasn't so bad,but now I'm much happier because the schools are reopening.“"We plan to open the schools,and get these children enrolled,and back in school,and to give them back their education so they can read and write.”“When the Taliban came to power and closed the schools,girls stayed at home.Now there's an oppotunity for them to continue their education.We are very happy about this.We can be proud of our girls,our young people.They can go back to school.UNICEF is working on its mission to bring food,medinine and education to the children of Afganistan.In the process,they're also bringing hope.幫助兒童
當(dāng)今世界，很多兒童生活在貧困中。他們生存在充滿戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的國(guó)家。很多孩子食不果腹。他們中的一些人甚至營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。他們不能上學(xué)。UNICEF是一個(gè)幫助這些孩子們的組織，是各個(gè)國(guó)家聯(lián)合幫助兒童的機(jī)構(gòu)。現(xiàn)有700人在這里工作，157個(gè)國(guó)家聯(lián)合幫助這些兒童。其中需要做最多工作的國(guó)家是阿富汗。這里的孩子們甚至從不了解和平，直到不久前?，F(xiàn)在UNICEF為營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的兒童們帶來(lái)了食物和藥。醫(yī)療隊(duì)騎馬為遙遠(yuǎn)山村里的人們送去藥物。并且，他們還幫助孩子們重獲教育。?在塔利班時(shí)期，我們?cè)?0000孩子中做了調(diào)查。他們都說(shuō)最渴望的事情是和平，然后是教育。?塔利班摧毀了將近2000個(gè)校園。在這形式下，女孩們根本不允許上學(xué)。?多于一半的學(xué)校被完全摧毀，另一半的，則需要重修。我們正努力使孩子們都能上學(xué)。?一些學(xué)校設(shè)在人們家里。這是一個(gè)在喀布爾的家庭學(xué)校。這位教師Habiba Kilwati，已經(jīng)管理這家學(xué)校12年了。她像這樣同時(shí)主管其他26所學(xué)校。?我們想學(xué)習(xí)，這樣我們可以成為教師，醫(yī)生，或者工程師，就像其他正常的學(xué)生一樣。?孩子們上學(xué)其實(shí)是很危險(xiǎn)的。在塔利班控制下，警方會(huì)懲罰那些有孩子上學(xué)的家庭?，F(xiàn)在，孩子們因?yàn)槟苌蠈W(xué)而高興。
?今天早上我喝了一些茶吃了一個(gè)雞蛋，然后來(lái)上學(xué)。我有筆記本，鉛筆，橡皮和伙伴們，而且還有快樂(lè)！?在阿富汗UNICEF正通過(guò)許多方式來(lái)幫助重建教育系統(tǒng)，并培養(yǎng)教師。他們重修校園，印刷教材，并給學(xué)校發(fā)書(shū)和其他所需物品。這是一所因塔利班而被迫關(guān)閉的女生學(xué)?！，F(xiàn)在，它又開(kāi)放了。它可容納960個(gè)學(xué)生。女孩們因可以重返校園而開(kāi)心。?我因浪費(fèi)了6年時(shí)光而感到沮喪和傷心。那時(shí)沒(méi)有教育，我只能向我父母學(xué)習(xí)，但現(xiàn)在不一樣。雖然跟父母學(xué)習(xí)不是非常糟糕，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在學(xué)校重新開(kāi)放我非常開(kāi)心。??我們打算開(kāi)放校園，讓孩子們?nèi)雽W(xué)，重返校園，并給他們教育使他們可以讀書(shū)和寫(xiě)字。?當(dāng)塔利班執(zhí)政并關(guān)閉學(xué)校時(shí)，女孩們只能呆在家里?，F(xiàn)在這是他們的機(jī)會(huì)去繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。我們因此而非常欣慰。我為我們年經(jīng)的女孩，年輕的孩子們感到驕傲，他們可以重返學(xué)校。UNICEF不斷盡職負(fù)責(zé)的工作，給阿富汗的孩子們帶來(lái)食物，藥物和教育。在這過(guò)程中，他們不斷給予了希望。
Listening in Passage1 One of the strangest feelings I’ve ever had was when I returned by chance to a place where I’d
been happy as a child.My husband and I were visiting some friends for the weekend-----they lived about 200 kilometers away.We were driving along when I suddenly saw a church in the distance that I recognized.My favorite aunt had lived very near it on a farm that my brother and I used to visit once a year with our parents.We were city kids, brought up in the middle of London, and this was a working farm-----the real thing-----with cows in cowsheds, fields with ponds and a muddy yard full of smelly pigs-----we had the run of the whole place-----it was just paradise for us.And then-----there was the food-----home-made jam and bread and cakes, milk fresh from the cow.And my aunt Lottie-----a farmer’s wife-----and her husband, uncle George and their kids, Katie and Ben, our two cousins who my brother and I really got on with.It was heaven that week we used to spend there.They moved from the farm when I was… how old?-----about 14.So I’d never been back or seen it again.Anyway, there we were, and I’d just seen the church-----, so we turned off and drove down this really narrow lane.And before I knew it we were in front of Aunt Lottie’s farm.The extraordinary thing was that it hadn’t changed------not one tiny bit.It was a lovely old place with a typical country cottage garden, full of flowers.There were lots of barns and sheds-----they were next to-----next to the farm.And you know, I can’t even begin to describe the feeling I had standing there.It was-----oh, what was it? an incredibly powerful feeling of longing-----nostalgia for the past-----for times I’d been very very happy.But it was the past.I hadn’t been there for 20 years and I couldn’t go back, so also I had a feeling of huge sadness, that I couldn’t have those times again.And-----at the same time-----great sweetness, because those times had been so happy, so innocent-----because I was a child.So there was this extraordinary mix-----of longing, sadness and sweetness, all at the same time.It was the strangest feeling I’ve ever had.譯文：
我曾經(jīng)有過(guò)的最奇怪感覺(jué)就是當(dāng)我偶然間來(lái)到我童年時(shí)十分快樂(lè)的地方。當(dāng)時(shí)我和丈夫在周末去看望朋友們，他們都住在200公里外的地方。就在我們沿路開(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候，我突然看見(jiàn)了在遠(yuǎn)處有個(gè)熟悉的教堂，我最?lèi)?ài)的嬸嬸曾經(jīng)住在附近的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，爸媽每年都帶我和哥哥去那里。
我們我無(wú)法再擁有曾經(jīng)的那段時(shí)光。但同時(shí)，我心中又如此甜蜜，只因那時(shí)的我是那樣開(kāi)在倫敦市中心長(zhǎng)大，是城里的孩子，而這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)又是一個(gè)真正的勞作的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，那里有住著奶牛的牛舍，帶池塘的耕地，滿是臭豬的泥院子。我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里瘋跑，那里就像是我們的天堂。
然后，就是吃的，有自制的果醬、面包、蛋糕和剛擠出的新鮮的牛奶。我的嬸嬸Lottie和她的丈夫，也就是我的叔叔，以及他們的孩子-----我們的兩個(gè)侄子Katie和Ben，我和哥哥跟他們都相處很好。那里是我們?cè)?jīng)渡過(guò)每一天的天堂。但是，他們從農(nóng)場(chǎng)搬走了，當(dāng)我，呃，多大的時(shí)候？呃….大概是14歲的時(shí)候吧。所以我再也沒(méi)回去過(guò)或是看見(jiàn)過(guò)。
無(wú)論怎樣，我們來(lái)了，我又看見(jiàn)了那個(gè)教堂，于是我們轉(zhuǎn)彎開(kāi)進(jìn)這條很窄的小道。但我們不知道的是我們到了Lottie的農(nóng)場(chǎng)前面，更加奇妙的是它沒(méi)有變，一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有。
那是一個(gè)可愛(ài)的有著滿是鮮花的舊式傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村別墅花園。很多很多的倉(cāng)庫(kù)和小屋，一個(gè)一個(gè)的在農(nóng)場(chǎng)附近。你要知道，我甚至不知如何描述我站在那里的心情。那種心情，哦，是什么心情？一種難以置信的強(qiáng)烈的留戀-----對(duì)過(guò)去的留戀------對(duì)曾經(jīng)美好時(shí)光的留戀。然而，那已成為過(guò)往，我已經(jīng)離開(kāi)那里20年了，我之后也從沒(méi)回去過(guò)，所以我仍有一種很強(qiáng)的失落感，因?yàn)樾?，那樣天真，只因我那時(shí)是個(gè)孩子。所以我心中同時(shí)擁有了一種及其奇妙的情感的混合，留戀，失落，甜蜜。那是我所擁有的最奇怪的感覺(jué)了。
Passage2 Script Interviewer: So what's your first memory of school, Kevin? Kevin: I was really looking forward to school, I remember that, I just couldn't wait.Yeah, Johnny, my brother, was a year older than me and he seemed so grown-up, with his red blazer and smart shoes.And I wanted to go to school and be grown-up too.I don't remember much of the first day actually, apart from this little boy lying on the floor and screaming and screaming and me thinking what a baby he was.Interviewer: Right!What about you, Eva? Eva: I just have this one memory of this coat rack with all our coats.And I was looking for my peg which had a little picture of an elephant next to it.I remember I was crying because I wanted to go home and I couldn't get my coat on.I was crying so much and then the teacher came and helped me.Interviewer: OK, so what about your first best friend at school? Kevin: Oh, yeah, well, Steve, I remember him, because he's still my best friend!Interviewer: Still your best friend!Eva: That's so great!Kevin: Yeah, we didn't know each other before we started school but we became really good friends and so did our mums.Our families ended up going on holiday together and that kind of thing.But we used to fight a lot, Steve and I, and the teachers used to get very cross with us.But we were just having fun.Interviewer: Cool!And what about you, Eva? Eva: My best friend was a girl called Robina.She had short blond hair, I remember I thought she looks like an angel.We sat next to each other and held hands and played fairies in the playground.She left in Year 3 and I cried for days.Interviewer: Oh, how sad!So what about the day you left school? How was that? Eva: I had a lot of mixed feelings, I remember walking home with this amazing feeling of freedom, you know, no more rules, no more bossy teachers.But I also felt pretty sad, because I'd had some good times.I was in a group of girls who were so supportive of each other.Kevin: I couldn't wait to leave, I was counting the days.I just wanted to get a job, get a life, earn some cash.The day I left, I went out to celebrate with a couple of my mates and--had a very good time!翻譯
采訪人：那么你對(duì)學(xué)校的第一印象是什么呢，凱文？
凱文：我真的很期待去學(xué)校，我記得當(dāng)時(shí)我都等不及了。是的，我哥哥強(qiáng)尼只比我大一歲，但他穿上他的紅色夾克衫和時(shí)髦的鞋子，看上去那么成熟。于是我也想去學(xué)校，然后變得成熟起來(lái)。事實(shí)上我對(duì)開(kāi)學(xué)第一天的印象不是很深，只記得有個(gè)小男孩躺在地板上不停地哭鬧，我覺(jué)得他真像個(gè)小寶寶。采訪人：是呀！那你呢，伊娃？
伊娃：我只對(duì)那個(gè)掛滿我們外套的外衣架有記憶。那時(shí)我一直在找我的樁，它的旁邊有一張大象的小圖片。我記得當(dāng)時(shí)我因?yàn)橄牖丶覅s穿不上外套而哭的很厲害，以至于后來(lái)引來(lái)了老師幫我。采訪人：好吧，那你們上學(xué)后第一個(gè)好朋友怎么樣了？
凱文：嗯，史蒂夫，我記得他，因?yàn)樗浆F(xiàn)在還是我最好的朋友！
采訪人；還是你最好的朋友！伊娃：那太好了！
凱文：是呀！我們?cè)陂_(kāi)學(xué)前并不認(rèn)識(shí)，但無(wú)論我們倆還是我們的媽媽都成了好朋友。我們兩家常常一起度假什么的。但以前史蒂夫和我兩個(gè)人經(jīng)常打架，老師也經(jīng)常對(duì)我們發(fā)脾氣。但我們還是覺(jué)得很開(kāi)心。采訪人：真酷！你呢，伊娃？
伊娃：我最好的朋友是一個(gè)叫羅比娜的女孩。她有一頭金黃色短發(fā)。我記得當(dāng)時(shí)我覺(jué)得她看上去像一個(gè)天使。我們坐在一起，一起舉手回答老師的問(wèn)題，一起在操場(chǎng)上玩耍?？墒撬?年級(jí)的時(shí)候離開(kāi)了，我為此哭了很多天。
采訪人：噢，太令人傷心了！那么你們離開(kāi)學(xué)校那天怎么樣？是什么情況？
伊娃：我當(dāng)時(shí)百感交集。我記得我走在回家路上時(shí)有一種驚人的自由感。你知道的，再也沒(méi)有規(guī)矩，再也沒(méi)有專(zhuān)橫的老師們。但我還是非常難過(guò)，因?yàn)槲乙灿羞^(guò)非常開(kāi)心的時(shí)刻，我在一個(gè)互相支援的女孩群體之內(nèi)。
凱文：那時(shí)候我等不及的要離開(kāi)，甚至在數(shù)日子。我只想找到一份工作，好好生活，賺點(diǎn)錢(qián)。在我離開(kāi)學(xué)校的那天，我和我的一群伙伴到外面去慶祝，并且玩得很開(kāi)心！
UNIT3 Inside view conversation1 Janet: So where are we now? Andy: This is the West End.It’s famous for cinemas and theatres.I used to work in a theatre near here.Janet: Really? What did you do? Andy: I moved the scenery between acts in the play.If I’m not mistaken, I worked on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw Janet: If I remember correctly.That was made into a musical film, wasn’t it? My Fair Lady? I remember seeing it on TV.(Phone ringing)Andy: Oh, oh, it’s Joe.(Andy picked up the phone)Andy: Hey!...Yes, we’re on our way…I don’t think we’re that late.Chill out Joe, we’ll be there.(Andy hung up the phone)Andy: Anyway, come on, we’d better get a move on.Janet: How far is it from here?
Andy: It’s not far.Maybe five minutes’ walk.Joe gets cross if I’m late.Joe: Hello Janet, hello Andy.Late as usual.Andy: Actually, by my watch, I’m bang on time.Joe: Well let’s get on with it.This is Toby Jenkins, the theatre critic.Toby: Nice to meet you, are you ready to start? Andy: Hang on a minute!Janet, can you check the sound level? Can you hear me ok ,Janet？Janet? Janet: Hi Andy, I can’t hear you.What’s up? Andy: Can you hear me now? Janet: Ouch!Yes, that’s much louder.Joe: Let’s stop wasting time please.Just get on with the interview, will you? Janet: 那么，我們現(xiàn)在在哪？
Andy: 這是倫敦西區(qū), 他因影院、戲院而出名.。我曾在這附近的一家戲院里工作過(guò)。.Janet: 真的？你當(dāng)時(shí)做什么？
Andy: 我在一出劇中的幕間移動(dòng)布景，如果我沒(méi)搞錯(cuò)的話，我參與的是皮革馬利翁這出戲的工作，劇本是由蕭伯納寫(xiě)的。
Janet: 如果我沒(méi)記錯(cuò)的話。它被改編成了一部歌舞片，不是嗎？——《窈窕淑女》,我記得在電視上看過(guò)這片。（電話響了）
Andy: 噢，Joe打來(lái)的。(Andy 接起電話)Andy: 嗨…對(duì)，我們已經(jīng)在路上了。我不覺(jué)得我們真的像你說(shuō)的那么晚.。別緊張Joe, 我們會(huì)到那的。（Andy掛了電話）
Andy: 不管怎樣，快點(diǎn)把，我們最好動(dòng)身了。Janet: 這里離目的地多遠(yuǎn)？
Andy: 不遠(yuǎn)，可能走五分鐘就到了，我們遲到的話，Joe會(huì)生氣的。Joe: Janet、Andy你們好啊，你們還是像往常一樣遲到了。Andy: 事實(shí)上，照我的表來(lái)看，我們到的正準(zhǔn)時(shí)。
Joe: 算了，我們別說(shuō)這個(gè)了。這位是劇評(píng)家Toby Jenkin Toby: 很高興見(jiàn)到你，你準(zhǔn)備好開(kāi)始采訪了嗎？
Andy: 等一下，Janet，你能檢查一下音量嗎？你聽(tīng)得請(qǐng)我說(shuō)話嗎Janet？Janet? Janet: 嗨Andy, 我聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)你說(shuō)話，怎么回事？ Andy: 現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)嗎？
Janet: 哎呀…聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了，清楚多了
Joe: 拜托，咱們別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。快點(diǎn)開(kāi)始采訪，行不？
Conversation2 Andy: And we’ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today, who has just been to see the latest show at The Hippodrome La Clique.So La Clique is slightly different from the usual shows we see here in the West End these days.Can you tell me something about it, Toby? Toby: Yes, It’s a kind of cabaret, with a series of variety acts set in a kind of circus, but it’s very contemporary, extremely well produced and huge fun..Andy: Tell me more about the acts.Toby: Well, there are stunts performed on a high wire, and puppets.There’s a sword swallower and juggler, and a rubber man who manages to pass his whole body through a tennis racquet.Andy: It sounds very unusual.Toby: Yes, for the West End today, but not so unusual for 30 or more years ago.Andy: So, It’s family entertainment then? Toby: Ah, no.I’m afraid it’s pretty adult, but very funny and stylish.Andy: Did you get that ok, Janet? Joe: Let me have a listen…
Janet: Oh no, did I do some thing wrong? Joe: Well, It’s just that I can’t hear anything.Let’s try again…
Andy: Did you remember to keep an eye on the sound levels? That meter, there!.Janet: Oh no, I clean forgot.Andy: It’s Ok.We’ll just do another take.Joe: Come on you two.Hurry up!Janet: I’m so sorry.It slipped my mind.Joe: You’ll forget your own head one day.Sorry about this, Toby.From the top, please.Andy: And we’ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today…
Andy: 今天我們很榮幸地邀請(qǐng)到Toby Jenkins接受我們的采訪, 他剛剛在The Hippodrome劇院看了最新公演的La Clique。那么，La Clique和我們近期在倫敦西區(qū)看的表演略微有點(diǎn)不同，能就這一點(diǎn)和我們談?wù)剢幔?/p>
Toby: 好的，這算是一種余興節(jié)目,在某種馬戲表演中穿插一系列演出,但這些演出都是非常有時(shí)代性的，制作精良，而且很有趣。.Andy: 能更多地談?wù)勀切┭莩鰡幔?/p>
Toby: 好的，其中有雜耍演員在高空鋼絲上的表演、有木偶表演、吞劍表演、魔術(shù)表演、還有個(gè)柔韌性很好的人從一個(gè)網(wǎng)球拍中成功地鉆了過(guò)去。Andy: 聽(tīng)起來(lái)確實(shí)很特別。
Toby: 是的，對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的倫敦西區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)是很特別, 但對(duì)于三十多年前來(lái)說(shuō)，就沒(méi)那么特別了。Andy: 所以說(shuō)，這是老少咸宜的娛樂(lè)形式嘍？
Toby: 不，恐怕這更適合成年人，但確實(shí)很流行、也很有趣。.Andy: Janet，這些你都錄好了嗎? Joe: 讓我聽(tīng)聽(tīng)看
Janet: 哦不，我做錯(cuò)什么了嗎？
Joe: 問(wèn)題是，我什么都聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)啊。我們?cè)僭囈淮?Andy: 你有留心音量控制器嗎? 就是那個(gè)表。Janet: 哦不，我忘得一干二凈 Andy: 沒(méi)事，我們?cè)黉浺淮尉托辛?Joe: 快呀你們兩個(gè)！快點(diǎn)！Janet: 太抱歉了，我一不小心忘了.Joe: 沒(méi)準(zhǔn)哪天你連自己的腦袋都忘了。Toby,我們對(duì)此感到很抱歉，請(qǐng)從頭開(kāi)始。.Andy: 今天我們很榮幸地邀請(qǐng)到Toby Jenkins接受我們的采訪……
Outside View The Mona Lisa, the most famous painting in the world, was trully revolutionary even in its time.While he was painting the Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci broke all the rules, even his own.In spite of the fact that Leonardo and other aritists believed that women should only be portrayed with eyes gazing slightly down.Leonodo painted the Mona Lisa looking directly
at the viewer.The positon of her body is another innovation.While her face looks straight ahead, her body is slight turned, a pose that creates a sense of movement and tension.In another break from tradition, the Mona Lisa is not wearing any jewellery or adorments.Finally, backgrounds in portraits usually indicated a real place but the landscape in Leonardo’s portrait seems almost imaginary.A:One of the things I like to do is, um, think about her face and why, what is she trying, why, what is she trying to say with her face and I used to think that her face told more than one story.For instance, if I covered up one side of her face, it seemed like she might be a little sad or resevered, almost secretive.S:Her eyes are, they’re kind of looking at us or around us, through us perhaps.I think with that painting she is the viewer and we are the subject in a way.And she has this look that she knows somehting that we don’t know.A:And then when I coverd up that side and looked at the other side, she seemed happier, um, more satisfied.And togher, it created sort of the mystery about her that, um, made interpreting her face very enigmatic.S:There’s speculation that the Mona Lisa is a self-portrait of Leonardo and I, I believe that it is, there, there, the features do line up between the Mona Lisa and sketches of Leonardo.Scott McMahon and Anne Pfaff are both portrait artists.They believe that portraits can tell a story and make people think, just as the Mona Lisa has done for so many years.A:When I was young, um, I was always interested in, um, reading books about people and, and the dynamics, different kinds of relationships they had and so when I became a painter it was natural for me to be interested in painting poeple and looking for similar kinds of stories to tell about them that you might read in a book.S:Uh, most of my work consists of photographic self-portraiture.Um, I’m interested in using myself as th subject, um, not only as the creator of the image but as the, the character, or the performer of, of the images.So in my portraits I’m trying to capture, um, a deeper essence of a person, um, more or less.This work here is done with a pinhole camera, which requires a very long exposure so, with a portrait you can get this feeling of time passed.It’s not a, it’s not an instant, per se, it could be five minutes of exposure.A:So this is another project I’m working on.I’m almost finished with it but I still need to work on the reflections in the wather, um, and the face of the boy before it’s finished.S:I often work with multiples and, you know, using a mirror or the same image twice and what I wanted to do was link the two portraits together with the string.It’s kind of the string of thought or this idea of remembering or the resilience of memory.A:I don’t just paint from photographs.I try to make a work of art.Um, I try to make a painting that goes beyond a mere photographic image.I try to capture something about the soul of the, or the essence of this person.S:This piece here is, uh, it’s called The Measure of Decay and behind the piece there are portraits, again, of me I have this clay covering on that has cracked and so it’s, it’s kind of like the process of decay.So as each portrait goes around you can, you can see the image in a different focus.I love painting portraits.A:I love painting but portraits are very special because they’re about people.S:I’m fascinated by portraiture in general, and the human body and how the image lives over time.I like to capture what is unique and special about an individual in paint.蒙娜麗莎，作為世界上做最著名的畫(huà)，在當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代是完完全全顛覆性的。列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇在創(chuàng)作這幅畫(huà)的時(shí)候突破了一切的規(guī)則限制，甚至是他自己的。在達(dá)芬奇創(chuàng)作的這幅畫(huà)中，盡管他其他廣大藝術(shù)家都認(rèn)在畫(huà)像中婦女只能以眼睛微向下看的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)，可是他仍然將蒙娜麗莎畫(huà)為直視著看畫(huà)者。她的身體則是另外一個(gè)突破。當(dāng)她的臉是對(duì)著正前方的時(shí)候，她的身體略微轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)一個(gè)角度，這個(gè)姿勢(shì)將一種動(dòng)感和張力結(jié)合到了一起。另外一個(gè)突破傳統(tǒng)的就是蒙娜麗莎沒(méi)有佩戴任何的珠寶或者是裝飾品。最后一點(diǎn)，肖像畫(huà)的背景通常指向一個(gè)真實(shí)的地點(diǎn)，而列奧納多的肖像畫(huà)的背景看起來(lái)都是夢(mèng)幻一般的。
安普法夫：我喜歡做的一件事情是，恩，思考她的臉還有為什么她是這樣的姿態(tài)，她想通過(guò)她的臉傳達(dá)什么，我曾認(rèn)為她的臉告訴我們不止一個(gè)故事。比如說(shuō)，如果我遮起她的臉的一邊兒，她看起來(lái)會(huì)有些悲傷或者說(shuō)是沉默寡言的，幾乎是遮遮掩掩的。
斯科特麥克馬洪：她的眼睛是那種像看著我們，又像看著我們周?chē)蛟S還是穿過(guò)了我們。在一定程度上，我想在這幅畫(huà)中，她是旁觀者，而我們卻成了畫(huà)的主題。她的這種表情仿佛表示出她知道某些我們不知道的事情。
安普法夫：而后當(dāng)我遮起她的另一邊臉看剛才一邊的時(shí)候，她看起來(lái)快樂(lè)一些，恩，或者說(shuō)更滿足的。整體一起看的時(shí)候，它又有一種關(guān)于她的神秘感，恩，讓理解她的臉變的難以捉摸。
斯科特麥克馬洪：有一種猜測(cè)說(shuō)蒙娜麗莎這幅畫(huà)是達(dá)芬奇的自畫(huà)像，而我認(rèn)為，這些特點(diǎn)是集合了蒙娜麗莎還有達(dá)芬奇的素描。
斯科特麥克馬洪和安普法夫都是肖像畫(huà)藝術(shù)家。他們認(rèn)為肖像畫(huà)可以講述一個(gè)故事而且令人深思，就像多年前蒙娜麗莎這幅畫(huà)的作用一樣。
安普法夫：當(dāng)我年輕的時(shí)候，恩，我喜歡，恩，讀關(guān)于人的書(shū)，還有關(guān)于人的相互關(guān)系的，他們之間各種各樣的關(guān)系，所以當(dāng)我成為一個(gè)畫(huà)家的時(shí)候，很自然地我會(huì)去關(guān)注畫(huà)人還有在書(shū)中找尋相似的故事去講述它們。
斯科特麥克馬洪：恩，我的大部分工作由攝影自畫(huà)像組成。恩，我很樂(lè)意將自己作為主題，恩，不僅僅是畫(huà)的創(chuàng)作者，而且是畫(huà)的主角或者是表演者。所以在我的肖像畫(huà)作品中，我試圖去抓住，恩，或多或少一個(gè)人的更深層的本質(zhì)。這兒的這個(gè)工作需要借助針孔攝像機(jī)完成，它需要很長(zhǎng)的曝光時(shí)間，所以你可以在這個(gè)肖像畫(huà)的過(guò)程中感受到時(shí)間的流逝。它并不是，并不是一個(gè)瞬間的，它本身可以是五分鐘的曝光時(shí)間。
安普法夫：這是我正在進(jìn)行的另一個(gè)作品。我?guī)缀蹩煲瓿闪?，可是在真正完成之前仍然有一些工作，比如說(shuō)水的反射，恩，還有這男孩兒的臉。
斯科特麥克馬洪：你知道的，我工作的時(shí)候經(jīng)常和倍數(shù)打交道，還有用鏡子或者相同的東西兩次，我所想要做的是將兩幅肖像用一根線聯(lián)系起來(lái)。那是一種思想的線，或者說(shuō)是記憶，還有記憶的重現(xiàn)。安普法夫：我不僅僅是按照?qǐng)D片作畫(huà)。我試圖做關(guān)于藝術(shù)的工作。恩，我試著畫(huà)一種超越了僅僅是圖片的畫(huà)。我試著捕捉一些關(guān)于人的靈魂或者是關(guān)于人的本質(zhì)的東西。
斯科特麥克馬洪：這里的東西，恩，叫做衰退的測(cè)量，在這張?zhí)胀恋暮竺媸且恍┬は?，再一次，我將陶土中間弄碎，所以它是，它像是一種衰退的過(guò)程。所以，當(dāng)每一幅肖像轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，你可以，你可以在不同的焦點(diǎn)上看這些畫(huà)。
安普法夫：我喜愛(ài)畫(huà)肖像畫(huà)。我喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)但是肖像畫(huà)是非常特殊的，因?yàn)樗鼈兪顷P(guān)于人的。
斯科特麥克馬洪：我通常被肖像藝術(shù)所吸引，還有人的軀體和這些畫(huà)是如何在歲月中存活下來(lái)。我喜歡在畫(huà)中捕捉一些獨(dú)特的東西還有有關(guān)個(gè)體的一些特質(zhì)。
Listening in conversation 1 Lily: So what was the highlight of your trip to(South)Korea? Hugh: Well that's…let me see...it's got to be going to see Nanta.Lily： What on earth is Nanta?
Hugh：It's this amazing live show-part theater-part dance-part music.Lily: Sounds really interesting.But why’s it so brilliant? Hugh: I think it's the energy of the performers.Also it has a unique concept.It's a mixture of traditional Korean music, percussion and drums, into a western style performance Lily: I've never heard of it.Has it ever been performed in the West? Hugh: Yeah, it's been a sell-out.They've toured in over 30 countries since the show began in 1997.It's a non-verbal performance so there are no language barriers.That's what's made it an international success.Lily: What else makes it so special then? Hugh: Well...the other thing is that all the action takes place in the kitchen.You see these four chefs preparing the food for a wedding reception.The performers use knives, dustbin lids and various other kitchen utensils to create a hypnotic soundtrack.The food literally flies everywhere!It's hilarious.Lily: That sounds quite funny I must admit.Is there an actual story though? Hugh: Oh yes, there is a story.The four chefs have to prepare the meal by 6 o'clock and they also have to give the manager's nephew cooking lessons too, which adds to the fun.There’s loads of audience participation and despite there being no language involved you get completely engrossed.It's really quite wacky!Lily: And what about the audience? I suppose they start throwing food around…? Hugh: Not quite!But they are totally involved in what's going on-everyone loves it.It's a really great family show.In fact it's one of the best shows I've ever seen.Jim, my friend, says he takes all his visitors.He's seen it about eight times and still loves it.Lily: I bet it's popular with tourists then.Hugh: Well apparently over a million foreign tourists in(South)Korea have seen the show and it's had a run on Broadway too.It first got popular after they appeared at the Edinburgh Festival.Now they are planning to tour more cities in Asia where(South)Korean popular culture is becoming incredibly trendy.Lily： By the way what does?Nanta? mean?
Hugh：It means random drumming in Korean.The English name for the show is Cookin’, which gives you a clearer idea of what it's all about.Lily： You've got me interested now.I'll have to check it out on the internet.麗莉：這次你的韓國(guó)之行有什么讓你難忘的事情么？ 休： 額。。讓我想想。。應(yīng)該是去看Nanta這件事吧。麗莉：到底什么是Nanta? 休： 他是個(gè)很精彩的舞臺(tái)劇，應(yīng)該說(shuō)是戲劇，舞蹈以及音樂(lè)的大綜合吧。麗莉：那聽(tīng)起來(lái)挺有意思啊。不過(guò)它為什么那么精彩？
休： 我想應(yīng)該是因?yàn)檠輪T們的活力吧。還有就是這個(gè)舞臺(tái)劇本身包含一個(gè)很獨(dú)特的概念。它是一種將傳統(tǒng)朝鮮音樂(lè)，打擊樂(lè)器和鼓融合進(jìn)西方風(fēng)格的表演 麗莉：我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)她，這個(gè)節(jié)目在西方國(guó)家上映過(guò)么？
休： 當(dāng)然，而且場(chǎng)場(chǎng)爆滿。自1997年這個(gè)節(jié)目正式開(kāi)始表演以來(lái)，Nanta的表演團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)游遍了三十多個(gè)國(guó)家。Nanta是一個(gè)非語(yǔ)言類(lèi)的表演，因此演員與觀眾之間不存在語(yǔ)言交流的障礙，而這恰恰就是讓它在全球范圍內(nèi)取得成功的原因。麗莉：它還有什么讓它變得如此特別的亮點(diǎn)？
休： 額。。說(shuō)道其他的特點(diǎn)的話，應(yīng)該就是表演中所有的事情都發(fā)生在廚房。你會(huì)看到4個(gè)主廚在廚房
中為準(zhǔn)備婚宴餐點(diǎn)而忙碌。演員們用刀具，垃圾箱的蓋子以及其他各式各樣的廚具來(lái)制造出令人著迷的音效。舞臺(tái)上的各種食物簡(jiǎn)直就是在飛來(lái)飛去，這很有意思的。麗莉：我承認(rèn)，這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。但是表演內(nèi)容中有沒(méi)有一個(gè)完整的故事？
休： 有啊，那四個(gè)主廚必須在6點(diǎn)之前準(zhǔn)備好婚宴晚餐，同時(shí)又要給經(jīng)理的侄子上烹飪課，這些元素都使整部節(jié)目充滿笑點(diǎn)。節(jié)目中還包含大量觀眾參與互動(dòng)的環(huán)節(jié)，盡管節(jié)目與語(yǔ)言毫不相關(guān)，但每個(gè)人都全神貫注于其中。這真的有點(diǎn)古怪，不是么？
麗莉：來(lái)談一談?dòng)^眾們的反應(yīng)吧，我猜他們一定開(kāi)始四處仍食物了吧？
休： 并非完全如此。但他們確實(shí)全都沉浸在整部節(jié)目中，畢竟每個(gè)觀眾都喜愛(ài)它。這是一部非常適合家庭成員一起觀看的表演。說(shuō)實(shí)話，他是我所看過(guò)的節(jié)目中最好的節(jié)目之一。我的一個(gè)朋友Jim說(shuō)，他會(huì)帶他所有的客戶(hù)來(lái)看這節(jié)目。他已經(jīng)看過(guò)約8次了，卻仍不厭煩。麗莉：我打賭它肯定很受旅客們的喜愛(ài)
休： 恩。。顯然，成百上千到韓國(guó)旅游的游客都看過(guò)這部節(jié)目，而且nanta也在百老匯上演過(guò)。當(dāng)初，Nanta在愛(ài)丁堡的慶典上開(kāi)始受到世人的矚目。而現(xiàn)在，Nanta節(jié)目組正準(zhǔn)備在更多的亞洲城市進(jìn)行巡演，韓國(guó)的流行文化顯然在這些地方十分地受歡迎。麗莉：順便問(wèn)一下，Nanta是什么意思？
休： 在韓國(guó)，它是胡亂擊鼓的意思。他的英文名是Cookin’s,英文名可以讓你更好地理解這個(gè)節(jié)目的主題。
麗莉：好吧，你的話激起了我對(duì)他的興趣。我要上網(wǎng)查一查它了
Listening in Conversation 2 Interviewer: Kathy Richards is a specialist art tour guide.Kathy-can you tell us what trends you've noticed in recent years? Kathy: Well, one of the biggest phenomena I've noticed is a huge increase in visitors to galleries-and a growing interest in modern art in general.Interviewer: What do you think the reason is for that? Kathy: Well, there are several reasons, I think.The most important ones are firstly, that some new contemporary art galleries have opened which have had a lot of publicity, and secondly the younger generation feel more comfortable with modern art so the kind of people visiting galleries is changing.Finally, the new generation of galleries have become destinations in themselves...they tend to be housed in amazing buildings.Interviewer: So which are the most popular new galleries? Kathy: Well, the Tate Modern in London has had over 30 million visitors since it opened in 2000.The annual average is now over 4.5 million.The Museum of Modern Art, or MoMA in New York is an older gallery, it was founded in 1929 but has been recently renovated and expanded.This work was finished in 2006 and it had over 2.5 million visitors in the first year after reopening.Another very successful new gallery is the Guggenheim in Bilbao in Spain.It opened in 1997 and now gets about a million visitors a year.Interviewer: Those are pretty impressive figures.Maybe the fact that the Tate Modern is free to visit might have something to do with it? Kathy: It's true that entrance to the permanent collection is free but the numbers of people visiting the temporary exhibition are also high-and the entrance fee is usually about ten pounds.Interviewer: Do you have to pay to get into the other galleries you mentioned?
Kathy: Oh yes.You do.Admission to MoMA is 20 US dollars and the Guggenheim in Bilbao costs eight euros.Interviewer: Do people mind paying, do you think? Kathy: No, I don't think they do mind.Most people feel the fees are reasonable considering the outstanding collections of priceless works of art that they get to see.Interviewer: You mentioned that the buildings that art galleries are in can be an attraction themselves these days...Kathy: Well, yes, the Guggenheim has literally revitalized the whole city and put Bilbao on the tourist map.It's got a futuristic, curvy metallic structure and people love it.The Tate Modern has helped redevelop an old industrial area beside the River Thames.The gallery itself is actually inside a huge , old, brick power station.And MoMA is interesting as it's in downtown New York.Interviewer: And who visits these galleries? What's the profile of the average art lover? Kathy: Well, in the past museums and galleries were seen as appealing to the older generation.But in fact, 48 percent of visitors to the Tate Modern are under 35...采訪者：凱西·理查是專(zhuān)業(yè)的藝術(shù)導(dǎo)游。凱西，你能告訴我們你所注意到的這方面近幾年來(lái)的趨勢(shì)嗎？ 凱西： 好的，我所觀察到的最重要的現(xiàn)象之一是：到美術(shù)館參觀的人數(shù)劇增，公眾對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的興趣更濃厚了。
采訪者：你認(rèn)為產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因是什么呢？
凱西： 我認(rèn)為，有以下幾點(diǎn)原因。最重要的是，首先，一些當(dāng)代開(kāi)放的新型美術(shù)館宣傳有力；其次，參觀人員逐漸年輕化——新一代更能接受現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)；最后，新的美術(shù)館本身也成為了參觀者的目的地之一，因?yàn)楫?huà)作大都被陳列于令人驚嘆的建筑物中。采訪者：那么，哪些新型美術(shù)館是最受歡迎的呢？
凱西： 倫敦的泰特現(xiàn)代美術(shù)館自從2000年開(kāi)放以來(lái)已經(jīng)擁有超過(guò)3000萬(wàn)的訪客總數(shù)，而它現(xiàn)在每年的平均參觀人數(shù)超過(guò)450萬(wàn)。紐約的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館，或者我們叫它MoMA，是一所歷史悠久的美術(shù)館。它于1929年建立，但是最近進(jìn)行了修葺和擴(kuò)建。其整修于2006年完工。自它重新對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放后，第一年就有超過(guò)250萬(wàn)的參觀者。還有一所非常成功的新型美術(shù)館，它就是坐落在西班牙畢爾巴鄂市的古根海姆博物館。它于1997年建成，并擁有每年100萬(wàn)的游客量。
采訪者：真是些令人咋舌的數(shù)字。泰特現(xiàn)代美術(shù)館所擁有的驚人訪客量與它的免費(fèi)開(kāi)放有什么關(guān)聯(lián)嗎？ 凱西： 去參觀長(zhǎng)期的館藏畫(huà)作的確是免費(fèi)的，但是參觀臨時(shí)展品的游客依然眾多，雖然票價(jià)通常在10英鎊左右。
采訪者：那么，人們?nèi)偛拍闼岬降牧韮伤佬g(shù)館需要門(mén)票嗎？
凱西： 噢，是的，當(dāng)然需要。MoMA需要20美元，而古根海姆博物館需要8歐元。采訪者：你認(rèn)為參觀者們?cè)诤踹@樣高昂的票價(jià)嗎？
凱西： 不，我不認(rèn)為他們介意。大多數(shù)人們認(rèn)為，考慮到那些他們即將看到的優(yōu)秀而無(wú)價(jià)的收藏品與藝術(shù)品，這樣的價(jià)格是合理的。
采訪者：你剛才的話中提到，那些保存有杰出畫(huà)作的建筑，在現(xiàn)在同樣具有吸引力。
凱西： 是的，像古根海姆博物館，它在畢爾巴鄂的出現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)直賦予整座城市以新的活力，并且令這座城市出現(xiàn)在了旅游地圖上。人們喜歡它那充滿未來(lái)主義氣息的曲線型金屬結(jié)構(gòu)。泰特美術(shù)館則幫助泰晤士河畔的老工業(yè)區(qū)重獲生機(jī)，其本身，便是由一個(gè)有一定歷史的大型磚石結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)電廠改建而成。至于MoMA則很有趣，因?yàn)樗溆诩~約的市中心。
采訪者：那么來(lái)美術(shù)館參觀的一般是些什么人呢？這些藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者們大致上的分布情況又是怎樣呢？ 凱西： 在過(guò)去，博物館和美術(shù)館被認(rèn)為是老一代的?專(zhuān)利?，但事實(shí)上，泰特美術(shù)館48%的參觀者年齡都在35歲以下……
Unit4 Inside view Conversation 1 Joe: So, you’re all set for the interview with Janet’s Chinese friend? Andy: Sure, we’re meeting him tomorrow at midday.Joe: And Janet, you’re OK to give Andy a hand?
Janet: Yes.Thank you very much for giving me another chance after last week.Joe: Just remind me...why are we interviewing this guy? Andy: It’s part of our background series to ethnic restaurants in London.We did Indian last month.Joe: OK, well, just remember that there’s no such thing as a free lunch!Now, anything else we need to do for next week’s guide?
Andy: We’ve got the upcoming London Video Games Festival in Trafalgar Square.Joe: Video games? In Trafalgar Square? Andy: Yes, about 100,000 people attended last year.Janet: But how did they do that outdoors? Andy: Well, they put up a huge tent ,and there were demos of the latest game software to try out.Janet: Is that the kind of event that we usually cover on London Time off? Andy: Sure, why not? It’s very popular!Remember our slogan: the essential guide to going out and staying in.Joe: Let’s plan something for that...Can we try to think about something which will go with it? You know，something along the lines of how ways of getting music and TV into our homes have changed.Andy: You mean people download music instead of buying CDs? Joe: Yes, or on how many people check out the music on You Tube first.That all sounds very promising.Maybe we can run a feature on traditional entertainment and new technology.Look, I’ll let you get on with the rest of the planning and we’ll speak after lunch.Joe: 那么，你們都要前往采訪Janet的中國(guó)朋友？ Andy: 當(dāng)然，我們約好明天中午見(jiàn)面。Joe: Janet,你能做好Andy的助手吧?
Janet: 嗯，經(jīng)歷上周那件事后，很感謝你還能再給我一次機(jī)會(huì).Joe: 這正好提醒了我，為什么我們要采訪這個(gè)家伙? Andy: 這是倫敦源民俗餐館系列的一部分，我們上個(gè)月完成了印度那部分。
Joe: 好的，不過(guò)記住?天下沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐?！現(xiàn)在，對(duì)于下周的導(dǎo)航節(jié)目我們還有什么事要做嗎？ Andy: 我們打算做關(guān)于即將在特拉法爾加廣場(chǎng)舉行的倫敦節(jié)的內(nèi)容。Joe: 電子游戲? 在特拉法爾加廣場(chǎng)? Andy: 是的，去年將近100，000人參加了呢。Janet: 但是他們是怎么在戶(hù)外舉辦這次這場(chǎng)活動(dòng)的呢？
Andy: 他們搭建大的帳篷，那里有許多最新的游戲軟件的示范產(chǎn)品可供試玩。Janet: 它就是那種我們經(jīng)常在倫敦假日上報(bào)道的事嗎？
Andy: 當(dāng)然，可不就是嘛。它非常流行，記住我們的口號(hào)：出門(mén)或居家，我們都不可或缺。
Joe: 讓我們計(jì)劃一下。嘗試想一下什么東西可以與之相匹配。你知道的，現(xiàn)在獲取音樂(lè)和電視節(jié)目的方式已經(jīng)改變了。
Andy: 你的意思是說(shuō)人們通過(guò)下載音樂(lè)而不是購(gòu)買(mǎi)CD來(lái)獲取音樂(lè)？
Joe: 是的，或者說(shuō)關(guān)于現(xiàn)在有多少人在You Tube試聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。這些聽(tīng)起來(lái)都很不錯(cuò)?；蛟S我們可以做一個(gè)關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)娛樂(lè)方式和現(xiàn)代科技的特別報(bào)道。我會(huì)讓你們跟進(jìn)剩余的計(jì)劃。我們吃完飯?jiān)僬?/p>
Conversation 2 Janet: Going back to technology and tradition...why not we do something on the rise of e-book readers? Andy: That’s a good idea.They’re not like books.They’re more like hand-held computers.Janet: But the trouble is, every time I read a book on-screen, it hurts my eyes.Andy: Yes, but the great thing about them is you’ll never run out of things to read!Janet: But there is nothing quite like a good old-fashioned book.Andy: Maybe, but don’t you read more words online than on paper? I’m sure I do.Janet: Excuse me.I’d better check this.Andy: And you read more text messages than anyone else!Joe: Is someone using mobile in here? Can’t you understand the sign? I’m doing a recording in the other studio, and I’m picking up the electronic signal.Janet: Oh, it’s my fault.I should have realized...Andy: That serves you right!Janet: Oh no, I keep making such a mess of things!Andy: Just ignore him!It’s no big deal!
Janet: But what you’re saying about e-readers, that’s a good lead-in to a report on how new technology is changing so fast.Andy: It’s good, smart thinking, Janet!Janet: And I also messed up the recording with Toby Jenkins.Andy: Forget about it, Janet!Everyone could have done that.Joe started the recording before I had time to adjust the level.It wasn’t your fault.Anyway, somebody once said, technology doesn’t run an enterprise, relationships do.Don’t beat yourself up about it.Janet: I suppose that’s true.Well, I’ll make sure I get it right next time.Janet: 回到科技與傳統(tǒng)這個(gè)話題，我們何不在電子閱讀器的增長(zhǎng)這方面做些研究。Andy: 好主意，它們看起來(lái)并不像書(shū)，而更像是掌上電腦。
Janet: 但是缺點(diǎn)是，每當(dāng)我在電子屏幕前看書(shū)，眼睛就會(huì)覺(jué)得刺痛。
Andy: 是的。但是他們也有個(gè)突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，你永遠(yuǎn)不用為沒(méi)有閱讀材料而發(fā)愁。Janet: 但是他們始終比不上傳統(tǒng)的好書(shū)。
Andy: 或許吧。但難道你不覺(jué)得你在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的閱讀量遠(yuǎn)大于在紙上的嗎？我覺(jué)得是這樣的。Janet: 不好意思，我最好還是看一下。Andy: 而且你能比其他人閱讀更多的文本信息。
Joe: 有人在使用移動(dòng)電話嗎？拿到你看不懂這個(gè)標(biāo)志？我正在工作室錄音，需要接收電子信號(hào)呢。Janet: 噢，都是我的錯(cuò)。我本應(yīng)該意識(shí)到的。。Andy: 這是你應(yīng)得的待遇！
Janet: 唉，我為什么總是把事情弄的一團(tuán)糟。Andy: 忽略他吧，這沒(méi)什么大不了的。
Janet: 你剛說(shuō)電子閱讀器什么的。那是一個(gè)關(guān)于現(xiàn)代科技快速改變的報(bào)告的很好的引入。Andy: 非常好，你的思維很敏捷，Janet.Janet: 但是我同時(shí)也搞砸了Toby Jenkins的節(jié)目錄制.Andy: 別把它放心上，Janet.每個(gè)人曾經(jīng)都犯過(guò)這樣的錯(cuò)誤。在我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及調(diào)整音量的時(shí)候Joe就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始錄制節(jié)目了。這不是你的錯(cuò)。無(wú)論如何，曾有人說(shuō)過(guò)，科技不能創(chuàng)造成功，而關(guān)系可以。所以不要過(guò)分自責(zé)。
Janet: 我希望如此。我下次會(huì)小心，不再犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。
Outside view To fly like a bird.It’s a desire that captures the human imagination.The Greeks told stories of Daedalus, an inventor who created wings made of wax and feathers and flew.The first person who seriously tried to fly like a bird was an Italian artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci.Da Vinci designed complex and wondrous flying machines, but his designs never got off the ground.Early inventors, like da vinci, tried to fly by flapping, just like birds.Here is what happens when a bird flaps: When a bird flaps, thrust and lift and control are created at the same time.Lift is the force that keeps the bird elevated.Lift is generated by the air under the bird’s wings.Thrust is the force that keeps the bird moving forward.Thrust is generated by powerful muscles in the bird’s chest and wings.The bird maintains control by constantly adjusting its flapping.Much of a bird’s control is generated by its tail.A successful flying machine needed to provide the same forces that a bird used, A successful flying machine needed to provide lift to overcome gravity, control to let the driver change direction.And thrust to make it move forward.And it needed to be light enough to stay in the air.Once inventors understood these three challenges separately, and stopped trying to flap,they made progress.One inventor was the Brazilian pilot and aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont.Santos-Dumont experimented with balloons.He flew his lighter-than-air flying machines in France.In 1901, Santos-Dumont was the first to fly from Sant Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in a given time.Meanwhile other inventors were working on heavier-than-air flying machines.With these aircraft, lift was a big problem.German flyer, Otto Lilienthal, tackled the problem of lift.He built many large gliders, constantly refining their design.Lilienthal made thousands of flights from the top of a hill.Some that lasted as long as five hours.But he eventually died in a tragic crash.Lilienthal successfully mastered the challenge of lift, but he did not master the challenge of control.The Wright Brothers were inspired by Lilienthal’s inventions.The Wright Brothers started
to develop and test their own flying machines.In their Ohio workshop, they built a wind tunnel and study aerodynamics.Through trial and error, they discovered how the shapes of different wings affected lift.They added a tail that moved, a stabilizer that made the front steady, and wings that were more flexible.Their 1902 glider was the first aircraft that was completely controllable.The next year they added a customed-built engine that provided thrust.The engine powered them forward and increased distance and duration.On December 17th, 1903, after about 1000 text flights, the Wright Brothers flew the first powered airplane over the sand dunes of North Carolina.Santos-Dumont invented heavier-than-air planes, too.In 1909, he developed a monoplane called Demoiselle, or the Grass Hopper.It was the first modern aircraft.After that, advances in aircraft design came quickly.More powerful engines were invented.New lightweight materials were developed so aircraft could go higher and faster.By World War Two, strong metal replaced the canvas and wood of earlier planes.In 1947, text pilot Chuck Yeager went faster than the speed of sound in a rocket-powered plane that looked like a bullet with wings.The invention of the jet engine made even higher speeds possible and pushed aircraft design in new directions.But technology doesn’t always push to go faster.With new ultra-light materials, the human-powered gossamer makes it almost possible for people to fulfill the age-old desire and fly like a bird.像鳥(niǎo)一樣飛。這種渴望激發(fā)了人類(lèi)的想象力。希臘人講述了有關(guān)代達(dá)拉斯的故事，他發(fā)明了用蠟和皮毛制作的翅膀并且飛了起來(lái)。第一個(gè)認(rèn)真地嘗試像鳥(niǎo)一樣飛起來(lái)的人是意大利的藝術(shù)家、發(fā)明家李?yuàn)W納多達(dá)芬奇。達(dá)芬奇設(shè)計(jì)了一種復(fù)雜奇妙的飛行機(jī)器，但是他的設(shè)計(jì)從未實(shí)現(xiàn)。像達(dá)芬奇一樣早期的發(fā)明家，試著通過(guò)鼓翼而飛，就像鳥(niǎo)一樣。以下是當(dāng)鳥(niǎo)拍打翅膀時(shí)發(fā)生的事：
當(dāng)一只鳥(niǎo)拍打翅膀時(shí)，推力和升力以及對(duì)飛行的控制都在同時(shí)間產(chǎn)生。升力是保持鳥(niǎo)上升的力。它通過(guò)鳥(niǎo)翅膀下的空氣流動(dòng)產(chǎn)生。推力是保持鳥(niǎo)向前運(yùn)動(dòng)的力，它由在鳥(niǎo)胸部和翅膀上強(qiáng)有力的肌肉產(chǎn)生。鳥(niǎo)通過(guò)持續(xù)不斷地調(diào)整擺翅從而維持對(duì)飛行的控制。一只鳥(niǎo)的飛行控制大部分是由它的尾巴實(shí)現(xiàn)的。一個(gè)成功的飛行機(jī)器需要上述要素。一個(gè)成功的飛行機(jī)器需要提供升力來(lái)克服重力，還能夠操控好讓駕駛員改變方向，并且要有推力使其前進(jìn)。同時(shí)它還需要足夠輕才能待在空中。一旦發(fā)明家們了解了這三個(gè)難題，并且停止繼續(xù)嘗試鼓翼的方法，他們就能夠取得進(jìn)步。有位發(fā)明家叫作Alberto Santos-Dumont，他是巴西的飛行員。他用氣球做實(shí)驗(yàn)，在法國(guó)起飛他的輕飛行器。1901年，Santos-Dumont是第一個(gè)在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)往返飛行于圣克勞德和埃菲爾鐵塔的人。其間，其他的發(fā)明家也在努力研發(fā)著重飛行器。對(duì)于這些飛行器，升力是個(gè)巨大的問(wèn)題。德國(guó)飛行家Otto Lilienthal克服了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。他建造了許多大型的滑翔機(jī)，并且不斷地改良著設(shè)計(jì)方案，在一山丘的頂上進(jìn)行了成千上萬(wàn)次飛行實(shí)驗(yàn)，有些持續(xù)飛行了5小時(shí)之久。但是他最終在一次悲慘的撞擊中去世了。Lilienthal 成功解決了升力的難題，可惜卻沒(méi)能掌握機(jī)身的控制。萊特兄弟被Lilienthal的發(fā)明所鼓舞，開(kāi)始改進(jìn)并測(cè)試他們自己的飛行器。在他們俄亥俄州的車(chē)間，他們建造了一個(gè)風(fēng)洞和機(jī)翼模型，幫助他們了解學(xué)習(xí)空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)。通過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)的試驗(yàn)和錯(cuò)誤，他們終于探索出不同形狀的機(jī)翼是如何影響升力的。萊特兄弟們?cè)陲w機(jī)上增加了機(jī)尾，以及使前端更加穩(wěn)定的穩(wěn)定裝置，并且使用了更加靈活柔韌的機(jī)翼。他們1902年發(fā)明的滑翔機(jī)是第一個(gè)能夠完全可控的飛行器。次年他們添加了一個(gè)定制的引擎來(lái)提供推力。這個(gè)引擎為他們前進(jìn)、增加飛行距離和飛行持續(xù)時(shí)間提供了動(dòng)力。1903年12月17日，在將近1000次的試飛后，萊特兄弟在北卡羅納州的沙丘上飛起了第一假機(jī)動(dòng)飛機(jī)。Santos-Dumont也發(fā)明了重飛行器。1909年，他改進(jìn)了單翼機(jī)，命名為Demoiselle或者叫Grass Hopper。它是第一架現(xiàn)代飛行器。在那以后，飛機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)飛快地進(jìn)步著。更多強(qiáng)勁的引擎被發(fā)明出來(lái)。新型輕型材料也改進(jìn)了，以至于飛機(jī)能飛得更高更快。二戰(zhàn)前，堅(jiān)固的金屬取代了早期飛機(jī)的帆布和木頭。1947年，試飛員Chuck Yeager在一假長(zhǎng)得像帶翅膀的子彈的火箭推進(jìn)動(dòng)力飛機(jī)里飛得
比聲音還快。噴氣式引擎的發(fā)明使得更快的速度成為可能，同時(shí)促使飛機(jī)向新的方向設(shè)計(jì)。但是技術(shù)并不總是向更快邁進(jìn)，借著超輕型材料的出現(xiàn)，如薄紗做的人力驅(qū)動(dòng)飛機(jī)使得滿足人們像鳥(niǎo)一樣飛翔的夙愿成為可能。
Listening in Passage1 Traditional jobs like the chimney sweeps and coal miners from our history lessons don't really exist anymore.During the 20th century the number of people working in agriculture and manufacturing decreased significantly.In contrast, the number of people doing office-based jobs has more than doubled from 18 percent of the working population in 1901, to over 40 percent by the end of the 20th century.Modern society has changed the way we work but these changes are not always positive.They can also create problems we may not be aware of.What does the modern office mean for the nation's health, for example? Well，firstly, office jobs are sedentary.We're sitting at our desks all day working on computers.And this means we're not exercising our bodies in the way people used to when they did more traditional jobs.It's not surprising then that we're all putting on weight.In fact, a fifth of adults over 16 were classified as over weight in 2001.But there are other less obvious dangers connected with office work.Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, another disorders like muscle strain, neck and backache are a growing problem.It's estimated that in 2002, over a million people suffered from these kinds of health problems.As a result, 123 million working days were lost.The cause is simple: long periods spent sitting at the computer typing and using a mouse.Many companies now employ ergonomic experts to ensure staff are sitting correctly at their computers and take frequent breaks from typing to try and prevent injury.Another problem of the modern office is the building itself.People tend to feel tired and irritable after a day stuck inside a modern office and often get colds and flu.This phenomenon is known as ?sick building syndrome” and it's caused by several factors.First of all, in many offices there is a lack of natural air and light.Secondly, within the enclosed space of an office environment, there is a high concentration of electronic devices.And as well as this, air-conditioning systems in large buildings recirculate the air around the office, carrying germs from workstation to workstation.Research suggests sick buildings syndrome can be found in roughly 30 percent of new or refurbished buildings.But there is some good news for office workers.A lot of companies are making efforts to improve office workplaces.They're installing better lighting and ventilation.They're increasing the number of plants.And they're encouraging employees to take regular breaks from their computers.So if anyone listening is in an office, take this simple advice: get up, have a stretch, open a window-if you can-and think of ways you can stay healthy in this most unnatural environment.類(lèi)似打掃煙囪和挖掘煤礦這類(lèi)出現(xiàn)在我們歷史課本上的傳統(tǒng)工作將不會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。20世紀(jì)，從事農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)勞動(dòng)的人數(shù)急劇減少。與之相反的是，在辦公室里辦公的人員人數(shù)從1901年僅占勞動(dòng)力總數(shù)的18%增長(zhǎng)到20世紀(jì)末的40%，翻了一倍?，F(xiàn)代化的社會(huì)改變了我們的工作方式，但這些改變并不總是積極的。它們也可能產(chǎn)生一些我們意料之外的問(wèn)題。
例如，現(xiàn)代化的辦公對(duì)于國(guó)民的健康意味著什么呢？首先，辦公室的工作往往缺少身體活動(dòng)。我們常常坐在電腦前工作一整天。這就意味著我們沒(méi)能像過(guò)去從事傳統(tǒng)勞動(dòng)人們那樣在工作中鍛煉我們的身體。
這樣一來(lái)我們體重增加就沒(méi)什么值得吃驚的了。事實(shí)上，在2001年16歲以上的成年人中有五分之一屬于超重人群。
另外，還有一些由辦公室工作帶來(lái)的并不太明顯的危險(xiǎn)。例如重復(fù)性的肌肉拉傷和緊張勞損，還有一些其他的身體混亂癥狀例如肌肉拉傷，頸部以及背部的疼痛問(wèn)題越來(lái)越多。據(jù)預(yù)計(jì)，在2002年，超過(guò)100萬(wàn)人將會(huì)遭受上述的健康問(wèn)題，這將導(dǎo)致1230萬(wàn)個(gè)工作日的損失。造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因很簡(jiǎn)單：長(zhǎng)期坐在電腦前打字和使用鼠標(biāo)。
現(xiàn)在許多公司雇傭人類(lèi)工程學(xué)專(zhuān)家來(lái)確保員工在電腦前坐姿正確并且在操作電腦中足夠頻繁地得到休息，以此避免長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作帶來(lái)的傷痛。
在現(xiàn)代辦公室中存在的另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是辦公室這個(gè)建筑物本身。人們常常在現(xiàn)代辦公室里呆上一整天后感覺(jué)到疲勞和急躁，并且常?；几忻昂土鞲?。這個(gè)現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為?室內(nèi)空氣綜合癥?，它是由多種因素引發(fā)的。首先，在許多辦公室中缺少自然的空氣和陽(yáng)光。其次，在辦公室的封閉環(huán)境中聚集著大量電子設(shè)備。另外，在大型建筑中的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)使辦公室中的空氣不斷循環(huán)，將病菌從一個(gè)工作區(qū)帶到另一個(gè)工作區(qū)。研究指出，在大概30%的新建或翻新的辦公室中存在室內(nèi)空氣綜合癥患者。
但這里也有一些關(guān)于辦公室共工作人員的好消息。許多公司都在努力提升室內(nèi)工作環(huán)境。他們正在提供更好的的照明和通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，增加室內(nèi)植物的數(shù)量，并且鼓勵(lì)員工在使用電腦的過(guò)程中有規(guī)律地休息。如果有人正在辦公室里收聽(tīng)該文的話，請(qǐng)聽(tīng)從下述簡(jiǎn)單建議：站起來(lái)，伸展一下四肢，打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)（如果你做得到的話），然后想想你該怎么樣在一個(gè)很不自然的環(huán)境下保持健康。
Passage 2 Karen: Jim, you’ve been a farmer for a long time.Can you explain how farming methods have changed? Jim: Well, in the past, most agriculture was small-scale and labour-intensive, and on the whole worked in harmony with nature.But in the last 50 years, things have changed dramatically, particularly in the industrialized world.Now 41 percent of the world’s farmland is managed intensively.Karen: And what does this mean in practice? Jim: You see, nowadays, most farms have high productivity which，in one sense, is a good thing.However, it can mean that vast areas are the farmed with the same crop.Hedgerows are removed and chemical pesticides and fertilizers used.This has a negative effect on the ecosystem and destroys other forms of natural vegetation and local wildlife.Karen: So do you think we are interfering too much with nature? Jim: Obviously farmers these days need to produce enough food at a reasonable price.But I think the problem is that modern agriculture encourages the use of a unlimited numbers of species of each crop.Some traditional varieties of apples or grains, for example, are becoming extinct.The new varieties of seed they sell need pesticides and fertilizers and aren’t as resilient to pests as many tradition varieties.And they don’t always produce higher yields for farmers.Karen: And how about wild life? Jim: Well, modern agriculture sometimes kills off wildlife which it also needs for its own survival.In order to bear fruit, 75 percent of flowering plants need to be pollinated.This is traditionally done by bees, butterflies and birds whose populations are actually declining Honey bees are essential for more than 90 commercially grown crops.Farmers in California, for example, now have to release millions of bees to pollinate their almond trees.Karen: So what in your opinion is the answer?
Jim: Going back to more traditional ways of farming.Small-scales farms are producing a variety of crops and working with nature.Farmers can leave some land uncultivated to create ?wildlife corridors?.This will provide a habitat for a variety of traditional plants as well as for the bees and insects needed to pollinate them.Another solution is planting indigenous，or local species.For example, in Africa researchers are encouraging farmers to plant a local wild species of mango that actually produces fruit in four years.Most cultivated varieties take 12 years.People are also starting seed banks to conserve local varieties of plants for the future.Karen: And is there anything ordinary people can do to help? Jim: Well, there are several practical things we can all do that will help, for example… 凱倫：吉姆，你當(dāng)農(nóng)民已經(jīng)很久了。你能解釋一下耕作方式是如何改變的嗎？
吉姆：嗯，在過(guò)去，大多數(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)是小規(guī)模的和勞動(dòng)集約化的，且從世界范圍看是于自然和諧共處的。但在過(guò)去的五十年間，事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化，特別是在工業(yè)世界中。現(xiàn)在世界上的百分之四十一的耕地是集中管理的。
凱倫：那么這在實(shí)際耕作中代表著什么呢？
吉姆：你看，現(xiàn)在大部分農(nóng)場(chǎng)有較高的生產(chǎn)力，在某種意義上是一件好事。然而，這也意味著在大片土地上種植著同種作物。不使用籬笆卻使用化學(xué)殺蟲(chóng)劑和化肥。這對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了負(fù)面的影響，破壞了自然植被和當(dāng)?shù)氐囊吧鷦?dòng)物。
凱倫：那你覺(jué)得我們是不是對(duì)自然的干擾過(guò)多了？
吉姆：顯然，目前農(nóng)民需要生產(chǎn)足夠的食物并在合理的價(jià)格內(nèi)出售。但我認(rèn)為問(wèn)題是，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)鼓勵(lì)對(duì)各種作物品種的無(wú)限量使用。一些傳統(tǒng)的糧食品種，例如蘋(píng)果或谷物，正處于滅絕的過(guò)程中。他們出售的新品種的種子需要?dú)⑾x(chóng)劑和化肥，抗蟲(chóng)性不如傳統(tǒng)品種強(qiáng)，并且它們通常不是高產(chǎn)作物。凱倫：那么野生動(dòng)物的情況又是怎樣的？
吉姆：嗯，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)有時(shí)殺死那些和自身發(fā)展有關(guān)的野生動(dòng)物。為了結(jié)果，百分之七十五的開(kāi)花植物需要授粉。這通常都是通過(guò)蜜蜂，蝴蝶和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)來(lái)完成的，但是實(shí)際上它們的數(shù)量正在減少中。蜜蜂對(duì)超過(guò)九十種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物都是至關(guān)重要的。例如在加利福尼亞州的農(nóng)民，現(xiàn)在不得不放養(yǎng)上萬(wàn)只的蜜蜂來(lái)保證他們杏樹(shù)的收成。凱倫：那么您認(rèn)為答案是什么？
吉姆：回到更傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)耕方式。小規(guī)模的農(nóng)場(chǎng)能生產(chǎn)出多種作物并促成與自然的和諧共處。農(nóng)民可以少開(kāi)墾一些土地，為野生生物提供住所。這將為傳統(tǒng)植物以及需要用來(lái)授粉的蜜蜂和昆蟲(chóng)提供棲息地。另一種解決方法是種植具有代表性的或是本地的物種。例如，在非洲，研究人員鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N野生芒果，這種芒果實(shí)際需要四年來(lái)結(jié)果。而現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)種的芒果需要經(jīng)過(guò)十二年結(jié)果。人們也開(kāi)始使用種子銀行來(lái)為未來(lái)保存自己本地的植物。凱倫：那么普通人可以做些什么呢？
吉姆：嗯，有許多我們可以幫得上的，例如……
UNIT5 INSIDE VIEW Conversaion1 A:I love Chinese,but is the food around here typical? J:Well,it depends what you mean by typical.This is mostly Cantonese food from the south,excepet for the roast duck,which is from Beijing.But it is different from the food where I come from in the northeast.A:And which is better? J:Er,well,in my opinion,I think~ Oh,look,here he comes.Hi,Tony.T:Hi,Li Hui,ni hao.J:Ni hao.Tony,this is Andy,my colleage.A/T:Hi.J:We were wondering if we could ask you some questions about life in Chinatown.A:I don’t know if Janet’s told you,but we are doing a series of reviews on ethnic restaurants here in London for London Time Off.T:Ok,I see.A:And the thing is,everyone eats Chinese and Indian food,but we want to put a bit of background and history on the website.Are you up for this? T:Ok,fire away.A:What I suggest is,if you’ve got time,we will do some filming around here,and then we will put the research together back at thestudio.A:Janet,are you ready with the sound this time? J:Ok.A:Just remember to keep the needle out of the red zone.And don’t forget to stop us if there’s too much background noise.J:Ok,thanks.A:Tony,you work here in Chinatown.Do you live here as well? T:No,in fact,very few Chinese actually live in Chinatown.A:And in comparison with Chinatown in say,San Francisco or Sydney,is it larger or smaller? T:I would say it’s much smaller.Really.It’s only three or four streets.A:And the business here,is it mostly restaurant trade? T:Yes,as well as the supermarkets,which stock produce from China.A:我喜歡中國(guó)菜，但這附近有代表性的食物嗎？
J:嗯，這取決于你說(shuō)的典型是什么意思。除了北京烤鴨，這里大多是中國(guó)南方的廣東菜。但這里的廣東菜和我家鄉(xiāng)的東北菜不同。A:你認(rèn)為哪里的更好吃呢？
J:嗯，我認(rèn)為~ 喔，你看，他來(lái)了。嗨，Tony!T:嗨！李慧，你好！
J:你好，Tony！他是我的同事Andy.A/T:嗨。
J:我們?cè)谙肽闶欠窨梢曰卮鹞覀円恍╆P(guān)于唐人街生活的問(wèn)題。
A:我不知道Janet是否告訴你了，但我們是在為L(zhǎng)ondon Time Off做一系列的有關(guān)倫敦異國(guó)風(fēng)味餐廳的評(píng)論文章。T：好的，我明白了。
A:話說(shuō)，每個(gè)人都吃中國(guó)菜和印度菜，但我們想在網(wǎng)上放一些有關(guān)的文化背景和歷史知識(shí)。你能幫助我們嗎？
T:沒(méi)問(wèn)題，你問(wèn)吧。
A：如果你有時(shí)間的話，我建議我們?cè)谶@附近來(lái)錄一段短片，等回工作室后將調(diào)查材料整合在一起。A:Janet,這一次調(diào)好聲音了嗎？ J:好了。
A:記得把圖標(biāo)移開(kāi)紅色區(qū)域。如果背景噪音太大，記得叫停。J:好的，謝謝你的提醒。
A:Tony,你在唐人街工作，那你也在這住嗎？ T：不住這，事實(shí)上，很少中國(guó)人真正住在這。
A:和舊金山或悉尼的唐人街相比，倫敦的唐人街更大還是更小呢？ T:更小，真的，這里只有三四條街。A:這里的商業(yè)活動(dòng)大多是餐廳生意嗎？ T:是的，還有賣(mài)中國(guó)貨的超市。
Conversation2 A:So where do you call home? T:Like lots of people,my grandparents came from Hong Kong in the 1950’s.But I’m a British-born Chinese.So I guess this is home now.A:So how long has here been a Chinese community in London? T:For 200 years.When the Chinese first came to London,they arrived as sailors,so they lived in the East End by the Docks.A:And how did they make their living? T:restaurants mostly,but they were also famous for running laundries.A:And why did Chinesetown move over here? T:At the start of the 20th century,some of them move to the West End,which is the entertainment district to open Chinese restaurants.And gradually,the Chinese from all over the London met friends and did business here.A:And does it still feel like a traditional Chinese community? T:Oh,sure.You saw the Chinese gateway and we celebrate Chinese New Year along with the Chinese all over the world.A:Thanks.T:You are welcome.A:How is it going,Janet? J:It’s fine,that’s about three minutes of material.A:Ok.Let’s wind it up.Tony,thank you very much,that was really interesting.Very grateful.T:No problem.Now,are you hungry?How about some dimsum and crispy roast duck? J:Sounds great.I’m starving,thanks.T:Don’t mention it.Let’s go back to my restaurant.A:Sure,I’m starving too.All this talk about food,thanks,Tony!T:You’re welcome!A:那你認(rèn)為哪里才是你真正的家？
T:嗯，像很多人一樣，我的祖父母在二十世紀(jì)五十年代從香港來(lái)到這里。但我是一個(gè)在英國(guó)出生的中國(guó)人，所以我現(xiàn)在把這里看成是我的家。A:華人聚集在倫敦有多久了呀？
T:兩百年了。中國(guó)人第一次來(lái)到這里是以海員的身份來(lái)的，所以他們住在東區(qū)碼頭。A:那他們是如何謀生的？
T:大多是靠開(kāi)飯店，但他們也以經(jīng)營(yíng)干洗店出名。A:那為什么唐人街搬到這里？
T:二十世紀(jì)初，他們中的一些人搬到了西區(qū)，到那片娛樂(lè)區(qū)開(kāi)中餐館。漸漸地，來(lái)自倫敦各地的中國(guó)人在這里約朋友，做生意。
A:現(xiàn)在的唐人街感覺(jué)還是個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)社區(qū)嗎？
T:當(dāng)然是，你可以看到中國(guó)式大門(mén)，我們也會(huì)和來(lái)之世界各地的中國(guó)人一起來(lái)慶祝中國(guó)新年。A：謝謝你的回答。T:不客氣。A:怎么樣呀,Janet? J:很好，錄了大約三分鐘。
A:好，可以結(jié)束了。Tony,太感謝你了，你講得非常有趣，非常感謝！T:這沒(méi)什么。你們現(xiàn)在餓了嗎？吃些中式點(diǎn)心和香脆烤鴨怎么樣？ J:聽(tīng)上去不錯(cuò)，我現(xiàn)在餓壞了，謝謝你。T：別客氣，走吧，到我的餐廳去！
A:好的，我也好餓啊。關(guān)于所有的有關(guān)食物的談話，真的很感謝你，Tony！T:不用謝啦。
Outside view Part 1 We're taking a walk along this peaceful, quiet beach.Just the place to relax.But out there, at other beaches around the world, that's another story.Let's take a look.These sea lions fight to defend their territory.During the mating season, these elephant seals show aggression to establish dominance.People fight to defend their territory.In some situations, we’re used to it.We even expect it.When you’re on a crowded street, or trying to get into a crowded bus, other people are going to start shoving.It’s not always pleasant, but it’s not surprising when it happens.But what about here, on this lovely beach? There’s plenty of room for everyone to sit comfortably, enjoy the sun, and look at the ocean.Let’s say you’re sitting on the beach, it’s not too crowded, and someone comes up and put their stuff right in front of you.What would you do? A:?I’d be very angry and go over to them and tell them to move.?
B:? Maybe throw a little sand in their face and make them to move, I don’t know.? C:? If someone came and sat down in front of me on the beach, I would probably move my towel next to them and start a conversation.?
Now that’s take Jack out to the street.This is South beach in Miami.Getting a parking place in this neighbourhood can be really difficult.That’s because there’re too many cars and not enough space.And when space is limited, people can get a lot more aggressive.Our
producer is parked here in this very desirable parking spot.She’s going to wait until someone wants her parking space.There’s a lot of traffic, so she won’t have to wait too long.Yes!There’s someone now.我們正沿著這安寧平靜的海灘漫步。這里正是放松的好地方。但除這以外，在世界各地其他的海灘上，上演的是另一個(gè)不同的故事。讓我們好好看一看。
這些海獅們?yōu)榱吮Ｐl(wèi)它們的領(lǐng)地而戰(zhàn)斗。交配期間，這些象海豹展開(kāi)激烈攻勢(shì)來(lái)確立自己的統(tǒng)治地位。人類(lèi)也為了保衛(wèi)領(lǐng)地而戰(zhàn)。在某些情況下，我們習(xí)以為常。我們甚至期望它。當(dāng)你在一個(gè)擁擠的街上或費(fèi)力擠上一輛已無(wú)立足之地的公交車(chē)，其他人就開(kāi)始你推我擠。發(fā)生如此情況總讓人感到不愉快，但并不吃驚。然而，在如此宜人的海灘上，又是什么情況呢？這里有充足的空間讓每個(gè)人舒適地坐著盡情享受陽(yáng)光和大海。假如當(dāng)你正享受日光的沐浴時(shí)，這本不擁擠的海灘上卻出現(xiàn)了某些討厭的人，把他們的一堆物品就堆在你的面前。你會(huì)怎么做？ A:?我會(huì)非常生氣，走過(guò)去，告訴他們把東西拿開(kāi)。?
B：?我不知道，也許會(huì)朝他們的臉灑一點(diǎn)沙子迫使他們挪開(kāi)。?
C：?如果這海灘上有人走過(guò)來(lái)，在我面前坐下，我也許會(huì)把自己的毛巾移到他們旁邊，開(kāi)始和他們聊天。?
現(xiàn)在，讓我們帶JACK到街區(qū)去轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。這里是邁阿密的南海灘。在附近找一個(gè)停車(chē)的地方是件非常困難的事。因?yàn)檫@邊沒(méi)有足夠的地方容納這么多車(chē)。當(dāng)停車(chē)空間有限，人們會(huì)變得更加挑釁。我們的制片人已經(jīng)停在了這非常稱(chēng)心的?？奎c(diǎn)。她正等著下一個(gè)需要她的停車(chē)點(diǎn)的人。這里車(chē)很多，所以她不需長(zhǎng)久等待。是的！有人來(lái)了。
Part B A:? Leaving??
B:? Yeah, I’m leaving.? A:? Oh, great!?
She pulls out, and the minute she pulls out, Jack pulls in.What do you think the driver will do? Drive away? Or stop and confront Jack? C:? Hey!Hey!Come on, pal!That’s my spot, my parking spot!?
B:? Oh yeah? I didn’t see you in it.Well, looks like it’s my space now!Sorry!? C:? What’re you talking about , man ?You saw me, I was right there!? B:? You know, have you considered anger management counselling?? C:?I was right there!What’re you talking about??
B:? Ah, it’s now time for the sunny tunes of South Florida.? C:?I was right there.You saw me!?
B:? What? I’m sorry I can’t hear what you’re saying.?
C:? You saw me, come on!Do you like it when people do that crap to you??
B:? Great song, isn’t it？ I love this song.Do you have a hearing problem? You scream a lot.?
C:? No!You have… problem!? B:? Yeah.Whew!?
If you’re waiting to pull into a parking space and someone else sneaks right into it, what would you do? D:?I would beep my horn, I would roll down the window, and I would shout very rude things at them.?
E:? I would yell out the window and tell them to move!?
Aggression, it’s part of survival.Animals and humans need to be aggressive in order to survive.But how aggressive do we need to be? When do we fight? When do we give up and walk away? Those are the decisions that we all make everyday.A 要走？
B 對(duì)，我馬上離開(kāi)。A 啊太好了
她驅(qū)車(chē)離開(kāi)。她一走，JACK 停進(jìn)來(lái)。你認(rèn)為司機(jī)會(huì)怎么做？開(kāi)走？或停下來(lái)和JACK對(duì)峙？ C 喂！喂！快點(diǎn)，討厭鬼，這是我的地方，我的停車(chē)點(diǎn)！
B 真的？我沒(méi)見(jiàn)你停在里面。嗯，現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)這好像是我的停車(chē)點(diǎn)了！對(duì)不起！C 你在說(shuō)什么，年輕人？你看到我了，我就在那邊！B 聽(tīng)我說(shuō)，你有沒(méi)有考慮要接受憤怒情緒的控制服務(wù)？ C 我剛在那！你在說(shuō)什么呀！
B 嗯，現(xiàn)在該欣賞佛羅里達(dá)州南部的陽(yáng)光曲調(diào)。C 我剛就在那。你看到我了！
B 什么？對(duì)不起，我聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)你在說(shuō)什么。
C 算了吧，你看到我了！你難道喜歡別人對(duì)你做那垃圾控制服務(wù)？ B 真好聽(tīng)的歌，不是嗎？我喜歡這首。你聽(tīng)力有問(wèn)題嗎？你一直在尖叫。C 不！你才有……毛??！B 是。呸！
如果你長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等待的停車(chē)點(diǎn)被其他人偷占了，你會(huì)怎么做？ D 我會(huì)按喇叭，搖下窗，對(duì)他們罵臟話。E 我會(huì)喊叫讓他們離開(kāi)！
攻擊，是生存技能的一部分。動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)為了生存都需要具有攻擊性。但是我們?cè)撊绾伟盐者M(jìn)退呢？我們?cè)撌裁磿r(shí)候打斗？我們?cè)撌裁磿r(shí)候放棄離開(kāi)？那些是我們每天都在做的決定。
Listening in 1 Today we’ll focus on two aspects of group behaviour.Firstly,how groups develop,and secondly,the roles individuals play within a group.It’s widely acknowledged that the performance of effective groups is often greater than the sum of the individuals in the group.This is due to what we call synergy-in other words,the extra energy and effevtiveness that people create when they work together.Early research in this field carried out in the 1930s by Elton Mayo discovered something that he called the ?Hawthorne effect?.The idea is that when individual know they are part of a study,their productivity automatically increases regardless of other factors,such as how much time or money they are given,for example.The research suggests that things like personal identity,self-esteem and the social context in which a group is working are really very important factors in improving the performance of individuals.If we move on to look at the nature of groups more closely,we find that groups have natural phasese that can help us understand their effectiveness.You have probably all had experience of working with other people in a group that,at firsl,wasn,t very productive.This phenomenon was studied by Tuckman in the 1960s,and he created a model to describe the stages of a group.The first stage is known as?Forming?which is when individual members get to know each other.This is followed by?Storming?when individual start to share their ideas and creative energy.The third phase is?Norming?where a group identity begins to form.The final stage
is?Performing?when individuals within the group work together.And it is at this stage that the group achieves results.Understanding these phases can help us ensure that members of a group work together to overcome early loner.The?Resource investigator?is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the?Monitorevaluator?is calm and serous and makes good,balanced decisions.The?Team worker?in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit.And the?Comleter-finisher?is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up and loose ends.To be effective,a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfill all these different roles.今天，我們將關(guān)注團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的兩個(gè)方面。首先，團(tuán)隊(duì)是怎樣發(fā)展形成的，再者，是每個(gè)個(gè)體在團(tuán)隊(duì)中扮演的角色。人們普遍承認(rèn)，有效率的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作通常比組內(nèi)個(gè)人工作成果的總和要好得多。這是由于一種被我們稱(chēng)為協(xié)作的東西——即是當(dāng)他們一起工作時(shí)產(chǎn)生的額外的能量和效率。
Elton Mayo在20世紀(jì)30年代在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行過(guò)早期的研究，他曾經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了霍索恩效應(yīng)。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是指當(dāng)個(gè)體知道他們是研究小組的一部分時(shí)，他們的生產(chǎn)率不受比如他們被給定的時(shí)間或金錢(qián)其他因素影響，自動(dòng)地提高了。這個(gè)調(diào)查表明著比如個(gè)性特征，自尊和一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)所工作的社會(huì)環(huán)境是提高個(gè)人工作表現(xiàn)非常重要的因素。
如果我們繼續(xù)進(jìn)一步地去看團(tuán)隊(duì)的本質(zhì)，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)團(tuán)隊(duì)其自身的階段來(lái)幫我們了解它們的效率。大家或許都有過(guò)在一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)里和其他人一起工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，剛開(kāi)始，不是很高效的。Tuckman曾在20世紀(jì)60年代研究過(guò)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，他創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)模型來(lái)描述一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的不同階段。
第一個(gè)階段被稱(chēng)為?組建期?。這個(gè)時(shí)期中，單個(gè)的成員開(kāi)始互相認(rèn)識(shí)。緊隨其后的第二個(gè)階段是?激蕩期?，個(gè)體開(kāi)始分享他們的想法和創(chuàng)造力。第三個(gè)階段是?規(guī)范期?，一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的特性開(kāi)始形成。最后一個(gè)階段是?執(zhí)行期?，團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)的個(gè)體開(kāi)始一起工作。團(tuán)隊(duì)正是在這個(gè)階段取得成果。明白這些階段能幫助我們確保團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員一起工作，防止出現(xiàn)早期的獨(dú)行者。
外交家是團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)總是有好奇心并且探索新設(shè)想的人，監(jiān)督員冷靜嚴(yán)肅，是能做出較為平衡的決策的人。相形之下，凝聚者是一個(gè)能鼓動(dòng)士氣，目標(biāo)明確且敏感的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員。完成者是一個(gè)盡責(zé)的完美主義者，關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)，整合資源，完善成果。想要成為一個(gè)有效率的團(tuán)隊(duì)，需要有各種各樣能勝任所有這些不同角色的成員。
Listening in 2 Today I'm reporting from Phuket in Southern Thailand.Parts of the island were devastated by the tsunami in 2004,and over 250 people lost their lives here.I've come back to see how one community has recovered.Here in the village of The Chat Chai,the rebuilding of the destroyed homes has been led by the international organazition Habitat for Humanity.About a year after the tsunami occurred,volunteers began building 36 new homes for local families.One villager,Somwang,is certainly very happy with the results.He used to live in a small hut on his two square metre plot of land near the sea.The local community wanted him to have a bigger home and despite the small size of his plot of land,they built him a three-storey house,which is now the tallest in the village.A happy ending to such a horrific tragedy.The rebuilding here has also had a positive effect on the local economy,because the earth bricks that were used to build the homes were produced in Khao Lak,another tsunami hit island——all part of a post-tsunami livelihood development project.Talking to people here,I've discovered that the project not only provided them with much needed shelter,but also the process has helped rebuild a spirit of community amongst them.A host
of foreign as well as local volunteers joined together to work in rebuilding the villagers' homes and lives,and even an American TV celebrity volunteered.The project has also been visited by former US president Jimmy Carter,who is an active supporter of Habitat for Humanity.He and his wife offer one week of their time every year to volunteer on construction projects around the world.It's certainly encouraging to see the strength of the human spirit and generosity of people who help others in times of need.Habitat for Humanity is continuing their work in the south of Thailand,helping poor local families and communities to improve their lives.Their “Save&Bulid” scheme encourages families to save 30 per cent of the cost of building or rebuilding their home.The charity then lends the family the rest of the money they need,and helps in the building of their new home.It's then paid for in monthly repayments of under ＄30,which supports those who want to build a better life for themselves.This is Marianne Harper reporting from Southern Thailand...我在泰國(guó)南部的普及島為大家做出今天的報(bào)道。在2004年，該島的部分遭受了海嘯的嚴(yán)重破壞，有250多人罹難。讓我們?cè)倩氐竭@里，見(jiàn)證一個(gè)社區(qū)的重建。
這里是Chat Chai村莊，在?仁愛(ài)之家?國(guó)際組織的帶領(lǐng)下，人們重建了家園。在海嘯襲擊的一年之后，志愿者們開(kāi)始為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衽d建36所新房子。
一個(gè)叫Somwang的村民，對(duì)目前的生活非常地滿意。過(guò)去，他住在海邊的一個(gè)兩平方米的小陋屋。當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)想讓他有一個(gè)更大的家，盡管他所擁有的土地面積很小，他們還是為他建了一座三層的房子，現(xiàn)在這幢房子成為了全村最高的建筑。最終，一個(gè)可怕的災(zāi)難迎來(lái)了一個(gè)完美的結(jié)局。
重建對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)也有積極的影響，因?yàn)橛脕?lái)修建房子的土磚產(chǎn)自另一個(gè)被海嘯襲擊過(guò)的小島寇立——以上所述都是海嘯后恢復(fù)生計(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃的一部分。
在和當(dāng)?shù)厝私徽勚?，我發(fā)現(xiàn)開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目不僅為災(zāi)民們提供了必要的避難所，而且重建的過(guò)程也讓他們重拾了團(tuán)體精神。很多外國(guó)人和當(dāng)?shù)氐闹驹刚邆円黄鸸ぷ髦?，為重建村民的家園而努力。甚至一個(gè)美國(guó)電視名人也參與了志愿行動(dòng)，美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)吉米卡特也參觀了開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目，他是支持?仁愛(ài)之家?的積極分子。每年卡特夫婦都會(huì)花一周的時(shí)間在世界各地參與建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的志愿者服務(wù)工作。
令人深受鼓舞的是看到人類(lèi)精神的力量和那些在他人需要幫助的時(shí)刻伸出援助之手的人們的慷慨無(wú)私。?仁愛(ài)之家?繼續(xù)著他們?cè)谔﹪?guó)南部的工作，幫助當(dāng)?shù)刎毟F的家庭和社區(qū)改善他們的生活。?儲(chǔ)蓄和建設(shè)?計(jì)劃鼓勵(lì)災(zāi)災(zāi)民們儲(chǔ)蓄下修建或重修房屋的支出的百分之三十。然后慈善組織將會(huì)借給他們需要的款項(xiàng)，并且?guī)椭麄冎亟覉@。每月的還款不到３０美元，這將有利于人們追求更好的生活。這是瑪麗哈珀從泰國(guó)南部發(fā)回的報(bào)導(dǎo)…
Unit 6 Inside View Conversation1 Janet:So tell me about Shakespeare's Gboble Theatre,Joe.It looks really old.Joe:In fact,it was only built in 1997,which was the home of Shakespeare's theatre company when he came to London in 1599.Janet:So what's the Globle made of? Joe:Well.the walls are made of wood,and it's got a thatched roof.Janet:Is that the kind of dried grass instead of tiles? Joe:That's right.In fact it's the first thatched building in London since the Great Fire of London in 1966.Janet:That's amazing.Joe:And inside it's just like the original stage.The audience stands in front of the stage.Janet:Are you serious?Aren't there any seats? Joe:Yes,there are some seats.but most people stand while they watch the play.So they get soaking wet when it rains.Actually the strangest thing is when you're watching Romeo and Juliet in 16th century Verona,and suddenly there's a plane passing over.Janet:that's extraoridnary!Joe:Yes,blows me away.Janet:And Andy tells me we've got a report to do on the summer season.Joe:Yes,that's right.During the winter,it's closed but in may the season starts again.Janet:When I think of Shakespeare.I usually think of Stratford-upon-Avon.Where is Stratford-upon-Avon? Joe:It's about 130 kilometres from London.Yes that's where he was born,and it's still the home of Royal Shakespeare Company.But I kind of see him as a London hero,because it's here that he became the greatest playwriter the world has ever known.Janet:You really think that? Joe:I sure do.Let's get back to the studio and edit this.Janet:Joe告訴我一些關(guān)于莎士比亞Gbloble劇院的事，它看起來(lái)真的非常的古老。Joe:事實(shí)上，它只是建于1997。當(dāng)莎士比亞于1599年來(lái)到倫敦時(shí)它是莎士比亞劇團(tuán)的家。Janet:那Gboble劇院是由什么建成的？ Joe:它的墻是由木頭建的，它有個(gè)茅草屋頂。Janet：是那種干草而不是瓷磚么? Joe:是的。事實(shí)上，自從1966年倫敦大火以來(lái)它是在倫敦的第一個(gè)茅草建筑物。Janet:太驚人了。
Joe：它的內(nèi)部就像是原始的舞臺(tái)。觀眾們站立在舞臺(tái)的前面。Janet:你是開(kāi)玩笑的么？那兒沒(méi)有座位么？
Joe：有。那里有一些座位，但大多數(shù)的人都站著看戲劇。所以當(dāng)下雨的時(shí)候他們都全身濕透了的。事實(shí)上最最奇怪的是：當(dāng)你在19世紀(jì)的維羅納劇院看羅密歐與朱麗葉時(shí)飛機(jī)呼嘯而過(guò)。Janet:太神奇了！
Joe:是啊。太不可思議了。
Janet:Andy告訴我說(shuō)我們?cè)谙募居袌?bào)導(dǎo)要做。
Joe:是的。在冬季劇院是關(guān)閉的但是五月時(shí)它再次開(kāi)放。
Janet：當(dāng)我想到莎士比亞時(shí)我通常想到斯特拉特福。斯特拉特福在哪里呢？
Joe:它距倫敦大約130公里。莎士比亞就出生在那里，同時(shí)它也是皇家莎士比亞劇團(tuán)的誕生地。我總是把他看成是倫敦的英雄，因?yàn)樗窃趥惗爻闪耸澜缢熘膫ゴ蟮膽騽〖?。Janet：你真那么想么？
Joe：那是當(dāng)然。我們回到工作室去編輯吧。
Conversation2 Janet:So when was Shakespeare born? Joe:In 1564.Janet:And when did he die? Joe:In 1616.Janet:And when did he come to London? Joe:We don't know exactly,but some time between 1585 and 1592.Janet:And what did he do in London? Joe:He joined a group of actors,and wrote some of his most famous plays.such as Hamlet,The Merchant of Venice.and Romeo and Juliet.Janet:So what happend to him later in his life? Joe:Well,in 1603.Queen Elizabeth died,and theatre became less popular.And then the Globe Theatre burned down Janet:And what was the last play he wrote? Joe:It was The Tempest-it's often thought that the character of Prospero.the magician,was based on himself.Janet:And does the Royal Shakespeare Company still perform plays in London.Joe:Both in Straford and London,and they also tour all over the country.I reckon there are about seven or eight Shakespeare plays on in the West End at the moment Janet:Why do you think he's still so popular? Joe:What I think is great about Shakespeare is that the plays make audiences think.And that makes the audience feel good.Janet:And is it the same in the States? Joe:Maybe not so much.But there's huge respect for Shakespeare's plays on Broadway.I suppose it's because he's still very relevant to audiences today.Janet:Joe,you know so much about Shakespeare!I'm really stunned!Well,I guess I've seen most of them at one time or another.Andy:Sorry I'm late.Joe:Better once than never,for never too late.Andy:What? Joe:Taming of the Shrew.Act 5 Scene1.Better late than never.Andy:Have you finished the edit?Let's upload it onto the website.Janet：莎士比亞什么時(shí)候出生的？ Joe:1564年。
Janet：他什么時(shí)候死的？ Joe：在1616年。
Janet：那他什么時(shí)候來(lái)到倫敦？
Joe：我們無(wú)法確切的知道，但應(yīng)該是在1585到
1592之間的某個(gè)時(shí)間。Janet:他在倫敦干什么？
Joe:他加入一個(gè)表演隊(duì)，寫(xiě)了部分他最出名的戲劇，如：哈姆雷特、威尼斯商人、羅密歐與朱麗葉。Janet：那在莎士比亞生活的后期發(fā)生了什么呢？
Joe：在1603年，伊麗莎白女王去世后戲院最得不那么流行了。接著Globe劇院也被燒毀了。Janet:莎士比亞最后寫(xiě)的戲劇是什么? Joe:是暴風(fēng)雨。人們經(jīng)常認(rèn)為其中魔術(shù)普洛斯彼羅這個(gè)角色就是以莎士比亞自已塑造的。Janet:那皇家莎士比亞劇團(tuán)在倫敦還繼續(xù)表演戲劇么？
Joe：斯特拉福德和倫敦都有，他們也演出遍全國(guó)。我估計(jì)此刻在West End劇院大約有七到八個(gè)莎士比亞戲劇正在上演。
Janet：你認(rèn)為為什么他那么的出名？
Joe：我認(rèn)為莎士比亞的偉大之處在于他的戲劇讓觀眾們得到思考，這使得觀眾們感到很好。Janet:這在美國(guó)也一樣么？
Joe：也許不全都吧。但是在百老匯有一批對(duì)莎士比亞戲劇抱有敬意的人。我猜那是因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在還跟觀眾緊密相連。
Janet：Joe你對(duì)莎士比亞懂得真多。我真是驚呆了。好吧，我猜我在某時(shí)曾看到他們?cè)诘拇蠖鄶?shù)。Andy：對(duì)不起。我遲到了。
Joe：晚來(lái)總比不來(lái)的好，永遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有為時(shí)已晚。Andy：什么？
Joe：馴悍記第5章第1幕。晚總比從不來(lái)得好。Andy：你們完成編輯了么？讓我們上傳到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)吧。
Outside View Host: Three American cyclists who only have three real legs between them are cycling through Oxford on a trek from Scotland to Greece.The trio sponsored by Otto Bock USA all have prosthetic limbs and are hoping the challenge will raise awareness of the diversity of designs available.Six TV caught up with Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret and Brad Kennedy earlier on today.Cyclist: Yeah it's a little tough, I don’t like cycling.But you know, if we can, you know help somebody, motivate somebody to get back to an active lifestyle and put their mind to something good, it’s all worth it.Reporter: And so what's really the point of this trip? Cyclist: To raise awareness of the abilities of those with disabilities.If you’ve lost a limb doesn't mean you sit on a couch.You can still be active;you can lead a healthy lifestyle.And you can do challenges that you may have always wanted to do when you were fully healthy and with two legs.Reporter: And the trip is 2500 miles from Glasgow to Athens.How are you guys coping? Cycling: Oh, I think we're doing really well.We’re still in the, this is the first week of riding.We’re conditioning, we're getting used to the--，we've had spectacular weather, it’s been, I mean ,we got sunburnt in Scotland.It’s, we’re, we’re getting accustomed to life on the road and every day our pace is increasing and we're getting stronger.So I think it’s, it’s marvelous.Reporter: And will you, when you get to Athens, what’s your plan there?
Cyclist: Hopefully take a little time to rest, relax vacation a little bit, and maybe throw the bike in the ocean, just the good things in life.Reporter: And what's been the worst, most difficult thing you've come acrossed so far? Cyclist: We've had some very challenging weather and some challenging hills.But We’ve actually enjoyed all of it.It’s been difficult but I think all of the Riding has been good.Reporter: And how are the legs holding up? Cyclist: Oh great!Now we always say that our prosthetic limbs are the ones that are doing fabulous.It’s, it’s the, it’s the, as we refer to, the meat leg that, that might, might be a little weaker.But everybody's riding really strongly and they're just, just performing
marvelously.主持人：三名只有三條腿的自行車(chē)愛(ài)好者正在進(jìn)行一個(gè)從蘇格蘭到希臘的艱苦騎行。這個(gè)被OttoBock 贊助的三人組都裝有假肢，他們希望通過(guò)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)可以提高對(duì)多種才能的意識(shí)。六套記者在今天早些時(shí)候采訪了Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret和 Brad Kennedy 騎行者：是的，它確實(shí)有點(diǎn)艱難，我不喜歡騎車(chē)。但是你要知道，如果我們可以幫助一些人，刺激一些人回到原來(lái)的有活力的生活方式中，并且將他們的思想集中在積極的事情上。所有的這些都是值得的。記者：那么你們此行的真正目的是什么? 騎行者： 提高殘疾人對(duì)自身能力的認(rèn)識(shí)。失去了一只胳膊并不意味這你只能坐在長(zhǎng)椅上。你依然可以是活躍的，你可以擁有一個(gè)健康的生活方式。你可以做一些當(dāng)你在完全健康時(shí)候一直就想接受的挑戰(zhàn)。記者：從格拉斯哥到雅典的旅途一共要2500英里，你們要怎么應(yīng)付這么長(zhǎng)的行程？
騎行者：哦，我覺(jué)得我們狀態(tài)很好。我們正在進(jìn)行第一周的騎行。我們正在進(jìn)行調(diào)整，逐漸習(xí)慣這種驚人的天氣，就像在蘇格蘭，我們都被曬傷了。我們逐漸習(xí)慣這種在路上的生活，我們的速度每天都在提高，每天都在變強(qiáng)。所以我想這很了不起。記者：那么當(dāng)你們到雅典后，你們有什么計(jì)劃嗎？
騎行者：希望可以花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間休息，放松，度假，也許會(huì)把自行車(chē)扔到大海里。就做一些生活中比較美好的事情。
記者：至今為止，你們面對(duì)的最壞的最困難的事情是什么？
騎行者：我們遇到了非常有挑戰(zhàn)性的天氣和山脈。但是，我們很享受這個(gè)過(guò)程。雖然騎行很困難但是我感覺(jué)很好。
記者：那你們的腿還適應(yīng)嗎？
騎行者：當(dāng)然。我們現(xiàn)在可以說(shuō)我們的假肢感覺(jué)很棒。雖然比真的腿要弱，但是我們每個(gè)人都騎得很有力，這些假肢真的很不可思議。
Listening in Passage1 A US Airways jet landed in the icy Hudson River in New York this afternoon after apparently hitting a flock of geese.Miraculously,no one was killed and there were few injuries.James Moore,our correspondent at the scene,has more.An Airbus 330 took off from La Guardia Airport.New York,at 3:26pm this afternoon,bound for Charlotte Airport in North Carolina.It had 155 people aboard.Thirty to 45 seconds after take-off,a flock of geese apparently flew into the plane,causing it to lose power in both engines and one engine to catch fire.Without power the plane was unable to return to La Guardia Airport and the pilot decided to land in the Hudson River in order to avoid crashing in a populated area.Two minutes later the plane made a successful landing in the Hudson and passengers were able to climb out through the emergency exits.The plane immediately started taking in water but fortunately water taxis and boats that had seen the crash were waiting by the aircraft.Passengers and crew stood on the wings of the plane in the icy cold water and were helped into the boats.Over the next hour,as New York watched the event on television,everyone on the plane,including a baby,were taken to hospitals for treatment,mostly because of the extreme cold,Their injuries are not reported to be serious.One of the passengers,Alberto Panero,said people had bugun praying as the plane approached the river but that everyone had stayed clam.The pilot of the plane has been named as Chesley Sullenberger.Aged 57,he has 29 years experience
of flying and at one time had been a US fighter pilot.Sullenberger was the last to leave the plane and walked up and down it twice to make sure it was empty before climbing out.He has already been described as a hero.The Governer of New York,David patersm,said at a news conference this afternoon,?I believe now we've had a miracle on the Hudson.This pilot,somehow without any engines,was somehaw able to land this plane and perhaps without any injuris to the passengers.?
It is thought that the survival of all on board is because the plane did not break up when it hit water and because of the immediately arrival of the water taxis and boats.今天下午，一架美國(guó)航線噴射機(jī)在碰撞上了一群鵝后迫降在冰冷的哈德孫河上，但奇跡般的沒(méi)有一個(gè)喪生只有少數(shù)人受傷。我們?cè)诂F(xiàn)場(chǎng)的記者詹姆斯穆?tīng)枌?huì)做更詳盡的報(bào)道。
這架空客330在紐約時(shí)間下午3點(diǎn)26分從拉瓜地亞機(jī)場(chǎng)出發(fā)飛往北卡羅萊納州的夏洛特機(jī)場(chǎng)，機(jī)上共有155人，起飛30到45秒后，一群鵝撞上了飛機(jī)，導(dǎo)致飛機(jī)的兩個(gè)引擎都熄火了，其中一個(gè)著火。沒(méi)有了動(dòng)力飛機(jī)無(wú)法返回拉瓜地亞機(jī)場(chǎng)因此為了使飛機(jī)不墜毀在有人居住的地區(qū)飛行員決定降落在哈德孫河上。兩分鐘以后，飛機(jī)成功地降落，乘客們能夠從緊急出口爬出飛機(jī)。盡管飛機(jī)很快進(jìn)了水，但幸運(yùn)的是，許多目睹了撞擊的水上巴士和船都在飛機(jī)旁邊等候。機(jī)上乘客和工作人員站在機(jī)翼上浸在冰冷的河水里然后被救上船。一個(gè)小時(shí)以后，當(dāng)紐約人民在電視里看到這場(chǎng)事故時(shí)，主要是極度寒冷的關(guān)系。機(jī)上的每一個(gè)人，包括一個(gè)小嬰兒都被送到醫(yī)院接受治療，他們的傷勢(shì)據(jù)說(shuō)并不嚴(yán)重。其中一個(gè)乘客阿爾貝托，帕內(nèi)羅說(shuō)，當(dāng)飛機(jī)接近河的時(shí)候人們都開(kāi)始祈禱但是所有的人都保持了鎮(zhèn)靜。
這架飛機(jī)的飛行員名叫切斯里，撒倫伯格爾，今年57歲，有著29年的飛行經(jīng)驗(yàn)而且曾一度擔(dān)任過(guò)美國(guó)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員，撒倫伯格爾是最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)飛機(jī)的，而且在爬出去以前他從上上下下下在機(jī)艙內(nèi)走了兩遍以確保機(jī)艙空無(wú)一人，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)稱(chēng)為英雄。紐約市長(zhǎng)大衛(wèi)，佩特森在今天下午的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō)：?我相信現(xiàn)在我們有了一個(gè)哈德孫河上的奇跡，無(wú)論怎樣，這位飛行員在沒(méi)有任何發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的情況下，能夠使飛機(jī)安全降落而且?guī)缀鯖](méi)有乘客傷亡。
現(xiàn)在普遍認(rèn)為由于飛機(jī)碰撞到河水時(shí)沒(méi)有裂開(kāi)而且水上巴士和船只及時(shí)趕到，才有了機(jī)上乘客全部生還的奇跡。
Passage 2 Streets Full of Heroes A:Hi,we are asking people who their personal hero is.Someone they really admire and who’s inspired them in some way.B:Oh,right.Interesting.A:Can you tell us a bit about yourself? B:Sure.My name is Paul Smith.I worked at London zoo.A:London zoo? Really? B:Yes,I’m a zoo keeper.I look after the elephants.A:Elephants?what a great job!So who is your hero, Paul? B:I’ve got quite a few heroes.But I guess my biggest hero is Al Gore.A:The American politician.So why him? B:Well,he is the guy who made people take climate change seriously.A:You are referring to the film An Inconvenient Truth, I take it? B:That’s right.That film proved to people with statistics and graphs, that kind of thing---that climate change was happening and that it’s man-made.Before that ,most people believed it was just a few crazy scientists who thought it was happening.A:You work with animals.Do you worry about the effect of the climate on animals? B：Sure，I do.All these species are going to become extinct.It’s terrible.A：It is.Would you say Al Gore’s been an inspiration to you? B:Yes,I would.He’s taught me about importance of taking action when you see something that needs to be done.I do volunteer work for Greenpeace---quite a lot actually.That’s the way I do my bit.A:Greenpeace?Excellent.Thanks,Paul.Hi,what’s your name? C:Clare hope.A:What do you do? C:Well,I’m a mum with two young kids and I work part-time as an accountant for the Red Cross.A:We’re asking people who their personal hero is and if they’ve inspired them in any way.C:That’s an easy one.Melinda Gates, she’s my hero.A:Why is that? C:Well,she is Bill Gates’ wife, one of the richest people in the world.You know ,she could so easily do nothing, just enjoy her money.And instead she co-founded the um… Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and I think that it’s called---and it is one of the biggest private charity organization in the world.It’s donated more than 280 million dollars to various good causes.A:More than 280 million dollars? Now that’s a lot of money.She is very active in it, isn't she? C:Oh yeah, she is a director.Flies all over the world.A:Do you do any work for charity? C:I make phone calls for Save the Children, asking people to donate.She is a real inspiration, Melinda gates。
A:你好，我們正在調(diào)查人們心目中的英雄都是誰(shuí)。某個(gè)他們真的敬仰的以及已經(jīng)在某些方面上鼓舞他們的人。
B:哦很好，很有趣。
A:你能告訴我們一點(diǎn)關(guān)于你自己的情況嗎？ B:當(dāng)然，我叫保羅史密斯。我在倫敦動(dòng)物園工作。A:倫敦動(dòng)物園？真的嗎？
B:是，我是一名動(dòng)物園飼養(yǎng)員。我照顧大象。
A:大象？多偉大的一份工作啊。誰(shuí)是你心中的英雄，保羅？
B:我心里擁有相當(dāng)多的英雄，但是我想最大的英雄應(yīng)該是艾爾戈?duì)?。A:那個(gè)美國(guó)政治家，那么為什么是他呢？ B:恩，他是那個(gè)使人們嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待氣候變化的人。A:你參考了那部電影，難以忽視的真相，我說(shuō)的對(duì)吧？
B:是的。那部電影用統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)和圖表等這類(lèi)的資料向人們證明了氣溫變化正在發(fā)生而且那是人類(lèi)造成的。在這之前，大多數(shù)人們認(rèn)為這僅是一些瘋狂的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為它在發(fā)生而已。A:你從事動(dòng)物工作。那你會(huì)擔(dān)心氣候?qū)?dòng)物的影響嗎？
B:當(dāng)然，我會(huì)的。所有的這些都物種即將會(huì)滅絕了。這很糟糕。A:的確是這樣。你會(huì)說(shuō)艾爾已經(jīng)對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)成為一名鼓舞人心的人了嗎？
B:是的，我會(huì)。他教會(huì)我當(dāng)你看到一些事情需要被做的時(shí)候就要采取行動(dòng)的重要性。事實(shí)上，我為綠色和平組織做了很多的志愿工作。這是我盡我一點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)的方式。A:綠色和平組織？非常好。謝謝你保羅。你好，你叫什么名字？
C:克萊爾賀普 A:您是做什么的？
C:恩，我是一個(gè)有兩個(gè)小孩子的媽媽。而且我兼職為紅十字會(huì)做會(huì)計(jì)。
A:我們正在調(diào)查人們心目中的英雄都是誰(shuí)而且他們是否已經(jīng)以任何一種方式鼓舞到人們。C:這很簡(jiǎn)單。梅琳達(dá)蓋茨，她是我心中的英雄。A:為什么呢？
C:她是世界首富之一的比爾蓋茨的夫人。你知道，她什么都不用做就能簡(jiǎn)單地享受她的錢(qián)財(cái)。然而她合創(chuàng)了Bill 和Melinda gates基金會(huì)，我認(rèn)為是這么這樣稱(chēng)呼的。而且這是世界最大的私人慈善組織之一。它已經(jīng)捐獻(xiàn)了超過(guò)280,000,000美元為各種各樣的慈善的原因。
A:超過(guò)280，000,000美元？現(xiàn)在這是很大一筆錢(qián)啊。她非常的積極投身于慈善事業(yè)，不是嗎？ C:哦，是的。她是一名主管。會(huì)飛往全球各個(gè)地方。A:你為慈善做過(guò)什么工作嗎？
C:我在救助兒童會(huì)中負(fù)責(zé)打電話，號(hào)召人們捐獻(xiàn)。梅琳達(dá)蓋茨真的是一個(gè)鼓舞人心的人。
Unit 7 Inside View Conversation 1 Andy:Oh,there you are.Right,Are you ready? Janet:I'm ready.Where are we going? Andy:First of all,we need to go back to the studio and collect the equipment.Then we're off to one of my favorite places as a kid.Janet:Where is that? Andy:The Science Museum.I used to spend nearly all of my school holidays there.Janet:But why today? Andy:Tonight ,actually,there's a Science Night.Janet:Science Night? What's that? Andy:Science activities for kids.They spend the evening exploring
the museum and doing scientific experiments.And then they get their sleeping bags and camp there for the night.Janet:Sounds like a lot of fun.What else did they do? Andy:The following morning,they have breakfast and then they visit the rest of the museum before it opens to the public.Janet:Oh.I’d love to go.How did you find out about that? Andy:It's advertised on their website.I thought we could do a feature on it for our website.Janet:Sounds like a great way to get kids interested in science.Where exactly is it? Andy:It's a couple of miles away from here.In fact,there are quiet a lot of museum around there.There’s the Victory and Albert Museum for design and fashion,the Nature History Museum,where they have this huge dinosaur...Janet:I'd love to see that!Andy:OK,tonight the wonders of science!And tomorrow morning we'll go hunting dinosaurs.Janet:OK,let's go.Andy:There's no hurry.There’s plenty of time to finish your drink....Andy:Was that long enough? 安迪:噢,你在這啊。對(duì)了,你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎 珍妮:我準(zhǔn)備好了。我們要去哪兒
珍尼特:那是哪兒
安迪:科學(xué)博物館。我?guī)缀醢阉械膶W(xué)校假期都花在那兒了。珍尼特:但是為什么是今天呢
安迪:實(shí)際上,今天那兒有一個(gè)科學(xué)之夜。珍尼特:科學(xué)之夜 那是什么
安迪:孩子們的科學(xué)活動(dòng)。他們晚上在那兒探索博物館，做科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。然后他們拿著睡袋在那里露營(yíng)過(guò)夜。珍妮特:聽(tīng)起來(lái)好象很有趣。他們還做些什么呢
安迪:第二天早上。吃完早餐，他們就在博物館向公眾開(kāi)放之前，觀看博物館其它的部分。珍尼特:哦。我很想去。您是如何了解到有關(guān)事情的
安迪:它就發(fā)布在他們網(wǎng)站上。我想我們可以在我們網(wǎng)站上為它做一個(gè)專(zhuān)題。珍尼特:聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是個(gè)讓孩子們對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣的好方法。那么博物館到底在哪里
安迪:它距這兒幾英里遠(yuǎn),事實(shí)上，許多博物館都在那里。有展示設(shè)計(jì)和時(shí)尚的維多利亞和阿爾伯特博物館，還有有著巨大恐龍的自然歷史博物館,…… 珍妮:我很想去看看!安迪:好吧,今晚見(jiàn)識(shí)下科學(xué)的神奇明天，早上我們就去尋找恐龍。珍尼特:好吧,咱們走吧。
安迪:別著急。我們有充裕的時(shí)間讓你喝完你的飲料。
……
安迪:時(shí)間足夠了嗎? 安迪:首先,我們需要回到工作室去拿設(shè)備。然后我們?nèi)ヒ粋€(gè)我小時(shí)候最喜歡的地方。
Conversation 2 Janet:So tell me more about the Science Museum.Why is it so special ? Andy:Well,have a look.It’s got everything to do with science,from steam engines to space capsules.It has a number of halls,which focus on different aspects of science.Janet:What's this one? Andy:That's the Energy Hall,which explains the history of power,from engines,to steam power,to electricity...Janet:And I suppose this is the Space Hall? Andy:That's right.There’s a collection of early rockets,all the way to present-day space rockets,and satellites and telescopes.Janet:Sounds fascinating.Andy:Then there are sections on agriculture,computing,the history of flight...Janet:And they have exhibitions for kids? Andy:Yes,absolutely!In the basement,there are lots of scientific.experiments for them to try out.Janet:Wow, I'm not surprised you enjoy it so much.When do you want to leave ? Andy:The first you have to do is go home and get your sleeping bag.Janet:So we're really gonna stay the night with the children ? Andy:You got it!It's gonna be great fun.While you're getting your sleeping bag,I'll just go and get some sandwiches to take with us.Joe:Hi there,where are you two off to? Janet:We're going to spend the night together.Joe:You're what? Andy:It's OK,Joe.We’re spending the night together at the Science Museum.Anyway, got to dash.Janet:It's Science Night tonight.Joe:Science Night? Andy:Must rush,Joe,speak soon , bye!珍尼特:那么多告訴我一些關(guān)于科學(xué)博物館的事。為何它如此特別呢
安迪:嗯,你看看。它的一切都與科學(xué)相關(guān)，從蒸汽引擎到空太空密封倉(cāng)。它有很多關(guān)于科學(xué)不同方面的展廳。
珍尼特:這是什么？
安迪:那是能源展廳,它解釋了能源的歷史,從簡(jiǎn)單工具到蒸汽動(dòng)力，再到電力… 珍妮:我想這是太空館
安迪:沒(méi)錯(cuò)。這兒收藏著一些早期的火箭,一直到現(xiàn)今的太空火箭，人造衛(wèi)星和太空望 遠(yuǎn)鏡。珍尼特:聽(tīng)起來(lái)令人著迷。
安迪:那些是關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)，計(jì)算機(jī)使用，飛行歷史的部分。珍尼特:他們有為小孩子開(kāi)辦的展覽嗎？
安迪:當(dāng)然!在地下室里,有許多科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)可以讓他們?cè)囎觥?/p>
珍尼特:天啊,我現(xiàn)在一點(diǎn)都不吃驚你樂(lè)在其中.你想什么時(shí)候離開(kāi) 安迪:首先，你所要做的就是回家,把你的睡袋拿來(lái)。珍尼特:,我們真的要與孩子們?cè)谶@里過(guò)夜嗎
安迪:答對(duì)了!這肯定會(huì)很有趣。當(dāng)你去拿你的睡袋的時(shí)候,我就去買(mǎi)一些三明治帶著。喬:喂,你們兩個(gè)去哪
珍尼特:我們打算一起過(guò)夜。喬:你們做什么
安迪:沒(méi)什么,喬。我們晚上一起待在科學(xué)博物館。好了，該走了。珍尼特:這是科學(xué)之夜。喬:科學(xué)之夜
安迪:必須走了,喬。再見(jiàn)!
Outside View Computers are a very important part of our lives.They tell us about delays to transport.They drives trains ,analyze evidence and control buildings.Did you know that 60 per cent of homes in Britain have got a PC(a personal computer)?For many young people,playing computer games is their favourite way of spending their spare time.Computers are a very important part of most areas of life in Britain-libraries,the police and in school.But they are becoming more important in our homes as well.They’ll even control the way we live-in?smart homes?or computer-controlled houses.The smart home is now a real possibility.It will become very common.A centrol computer will adjust the temperature,act as a burglar alarm and switch on lights,ready for you to come back home.And of course you will be able to give new instructions to the computers from your mobile phone.So if your plans change,you home will react to match.Many homes have got a lots of televisions and several computers.The smart home will provide TV and Internet sockets in every room,so you’ll be able to do what you want wherever you want.If the temperature outside changes,the smart home will adjust the temperature levels inside.The computer will also close the blinds when it get dark or to stop too much sun entering a room.And if you want to eat when you get home,the computer will turn the oven on for you!Are computers taking over our lives?In a survey,44 per cent of young people between 11 and 16 said their PC was a trusted friend.Twenty per cent said they were happier at their computer than spending time with family or friends.Another survey found that people in Britain spend so much time on the phone,texting and reading emails that they no longer have time for conversation.What do you think about that? 電腦是我們生活的一個(gè)非常重要的組成部分。它們告訴我們交通的晚點(diǎn)，它們駕駛火車(chē)，分析案件的證據(jù)還有控制建筑。你知道嗎？，在英國(guó)百分之60的家庭擁有個(gè)人電腦。對(duì)于很多年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，玩電子游戲是他們最喜歡來(lái)消遣空閑的方式。在大多數(shù)地區(qū)的英國(guó)圖書(shū)館，警署和學(xué)校，電腦是日常工作和生活的很重要的一部分。然而，電腦對(duì)于家庭來(lái)說(shuō)也正在變得越來(lái)越重要。它甚至?xí)刂莆覀冊(cè)?智能房子?或者說(shuō)是電腦操控的房子的生活方式。智能房子現(xiàn)在真的很有可能。這將會(huì)變得很常見(jiàn)。一臺(tái)中央計(jì)算機(jī)將會(huì)調(diào)控溫度，充當(dāng)自動(dòng)報(bào)警鈴和控制燈的開(kāi)關(guān)，準(zhǔn)備迎接你的回家。當(dāng)然你可以通過(guò)你的手機(jī)向計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)出新的指示。所以如果你的計(jì)劃改變了，家里面的電腦會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)去配合變化。很多家庭都有很多電視機(jī)和幾臺(tái)電腦，智能房子在每個(gè)房間里都會(huì)配有電視和網(wǎng)路插口，這樣的話你就可以在你喜歡的地方做你想做的事了。如果外面 的溫度有變化了，智能房子將會(huì)調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)部的溫度。當(dāng)天暗下來(lái)或者為了減少進(jìn)入房間的陽(yáng)光的時(shí)候，計(jì)算機(jī)也會(huì)拉下百葉窗。還有如果當(dāng)你回到家的時(shí)候想吃點(diǎn)什么，計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)為你打開(kāi)微波爐！
是電腦接管我們的生活了嗎?在一個(gè)調(diào)查中在11到16歲的年輕人中，百分之44 的說(shuō)他們的個(gè)人電腦是一個(gè)忠實(shí)的朋友。百分之20的說(shuō)相比于和家人朋友一起，和他們的電腦在一起更快樂(lè)。另一個(gè)調(diào)查顯示在英國(guó)人們花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間在電話，測(cè)試，讀電子郵件上以至于他們沒(méi)有時(shí)間來(lái)聊天。你對(duì)于這些怎么認(rèn)為呢？
Listening In Part I When you have a biscuit with your cup of tea do you dunk it?And if so what is the perfect way to do it?That's the subject of today's Science in Action Report.It may be hard to believe,but scientists at the University of Bristol have been analyzing this question.And after a two-month study,they devised a mathematical formula for dunking biscuits.So no more melting chocolate,or biscuit crumbs in the bottom of your cup,which is the fate of one in four biscuits that are dunked in tea,according to research by a biscuit manufacturer.Doughnut bunkers don't face the same problems because doughnuts are held together with an elastic net of protein gluten.This substance allows the doughnut to absorb liquid without breaking down its structure.The structure of a biscuit,however,is held together by sugar which melts when placed in hot tea or coffee.So what is the answer?The researchers,led by Dr Len Fisher, discovered that holding the biscuit in a horizontal position-or“flat-on”-has a significant effect on the amount on the time of a biscuit can stay in hot liquid before falling apart.In fact this horizontal dunking results in a dunking time up to four times longer than traditional vertical dunking.What's the reason for this?It seems that the answer is related to diffusion,in other words,the length of time it takes for the liquid to penetrate the structure of the biscuit.Basically it takes longer for the liquid to travel through the channels of a biscuit when it is laid flat on the surface of liquid.Also the fact that when a biscuit is dunked horizontally,with the biscuit submerged in the liquid ,and the chocolate coating staying out of the liquid,the chocolate helps hold the biscuit together.Another factor influencing the equation is the temperature of the tea-the hotter the tea,the faster the sugar melts.The researchers also found that by dunking a biscuit into tea or coffee,up to ten times more flavor is released than if the biscuit is eaten dry.So it's worth experimenting yourself.If you are wondering how you can perfect the horizontal dunk,the researchers have come up with an idea for a biscuit-holding device to make dunking biscuits easier.They are even now working on producing a table giving guidelines on dunking times for different types of biscuits.On that note,I think it's time to go off to the canteen for a tea break!
當(dāng)你邊喝茶邊吃餅干的時(shí)候,你會(huì)不會(huì)把餅干放到茶水中浸一浸?如果你會(huì)浸一浸的話，你知道浸餅干最好的方法嗎?這是今天《科學(xué)在線》報(bào)告的主題。你可能很難相信，但是布里斯托爾大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們一直在研究分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題。在經(jīng)過(guò)了兩個(gè)月的研究之后，他們總結(jié)出了一個(gè)浸泡餅干的數(shù)學(xué)公式。根據(jù)餅干制作者的研究，那些被泡在茶水里的餅干，有四分之一不會(huì)在杯底殘留融化的巧克力和餅干碎屑。
浸泡炸面圈的人就不會(huì)面臨這樣的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檎嫒τ捎袕椥缘牡鞍踪|(zhì)面筋網(wǎng)結(jié)合而成，這些物質(zhì)可以讓炸面圈吸收水分卻不破壞自身結(jié)構(gòu)，然而餅干的結(jié)構(gòu)卻是由糖分結(jié)合而成，糖分被放在熱咖啡或熱茶中是會(huì)融化的。
那么兩者不同的原因是什么呢,由萊思 費(fèi)希爾博士帶領(lǐng)的研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)把餅干放在一個(gè)水平的位置或者平放，對(duì)餅干可以存在于熱水中不破碎的時(shí)間有重要影響。事實(shí)上，這種水平浸泡餅干的方法導(dǎo)致餅干的浸泡時(shí)間是傳統(tǒng)的垂直浸泡的時(shí)間的五倍。
產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因是什么？答案似乎與滲透有關(guān)系，換句話說(shuō)，就是與液體滲入餅干結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中所需要的時(shí)間有關(guān)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)餅干平放在液體表面時(shí)，液體需要更多的時(shí)間進(jìn)入餅干的機(jī)構(gòu)當(dāng)中。另外事實(shí)是當(dāng)餅干水平浸入液體當(dāng)中，并被浸沒(méi)而巧克力外衣卻在液體之外的時(shí)候，巧克力可以幫助維持餅干的結(jié)構(gòu)。另一個(gè)影響這個(gè)反應(yīng)式的因素就是茶水的溫度，溫度越高，糖分融化越快。研究者還發(fā)現(xiàn)，與干吃餅干相比，將餅干浸泡在茶或咖啡當(dāng)中，有十倍多的味道會(huì)被釋放出來(lái)。所以值得你親身體驗(yàn)一下。如果你想知道怎樣才能完美地水平浸泡你的餅干，研究著們已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)想法去研究一種可以存放餅干的機(jī)器，使浸泡餅干更加容易。他們甚至正致力于研究出一種桌子，可以針對(duì)不同類(lèi)型餅干的浸泡時(shí)間給出相應(yīng)的指導(dǎo).說(shuō)到這,我認(rèn)為是時(shí)候去餐廳喝茶休息一會(huì)了.Part II A: Hey, Louise!Look at this book about crop circles.Some of the photos are absolutely unbelievable.B: You don’t believe in all that stuff, do you, Peter?
A: I’m not saying I believe in UFOs and things.But some of the formations are fascinating.They’re made up of lots of the interconnected circles and geometrical shapes.You know, in the past few years, there have been more reports of then.The circles are getting larger and designs are getting more intricate…I’m sure that they can’t all be man-made.Think about it-they’re so complicated, and they appear night in the middle of fields of wheat, barley or corn.It’s definitely pretty weird.B: I know, but I saw a TV documentary about it.And they showed how a group of hoaxers made an elaborate crop circle in the field at night.Using wooden planks, ropes, plastic tubes, and a garden roller.They even fooled some of the people who believe in the paranormal.Aliens coming down in UFOs and creating them and so on.A: I’m sure lots of them are created by people just to get publicity but look here-it says ?The first records of crop circles get back as far as the 17th century.Since the 1917s, there have been of 12000 reports from countries all around the world, including Italy, America, South Africa, Australia and Brazil.Most reports are from here in England though.B: But surely that’s just because they get so much media coverage these days? So more people are making them.A: Perhaps.But how do you explain the fact that the actual chemical composition of the grains of crops inside the circles changes? Scientific tests have found they have a higher protein level.The stems of the grains have often been exposed to high temperatures.And they found that the soil outside.So far, the hoaxers haven’t been able to copy all these features.B: Well, I’m not a scientist but I’m pretty sceptical about all these so-called paranormal explanations.I remember in the programme I watched, the researchers found signs of human interference, such as holes in the earth and footprints.A: Come on…you must admit, that still leaves a lot which is unexplained!B: There’s lots of things that are hard to explain but this really.A：嗨，露易絲！看看這本關(guān)于麥田怪圈的書(shū)。其中的一些圖片真的是完全難以置信。B：你不會(huì)相信所有這樣的材料吧，彼得？
A：我不是說(shuō)我相信UFO之類(lèi)的事。但是一些陣型很迷人。他們是由大量的互聯(lián)圈和幾何形狀組成的。你知道,在過(guò)去的幾年中,已經(jīng)有越來(lái)越多的報(bào)道。這些怪圈正在變得更大，這些設(shè)計(jì)也在變得更錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。。我確信他們不可能全部是人為的。你想想---他們是這么復(fù)雜，而且他們又在晚上出現(xiàn)在種
著小麥、大麥、玉米的田野的中央。這絕對(duì)是非常奇怪的事。
B：我知道。但是我看了一個(gè)關(guān)于這個(gè)的電視紀(jì)錄片。他展示了一群騙子是怎樣在晚上用木板、繩子、塑料管和花園輥?zhàn)釉谔镆袄镏圃煲粋€(gè)煞費(fèi)苦心的麥田怪圈。他們甚至愚弄一些相信超自然的人們，說(shuō)是外星人從UFO上下來(lái)制造了怪圈之類(lèi)的謊言。
A：我相信他們其中的一些是為了引起公眾注意而被人造的。但是看這里---它說(shuō)?最早關(guān)于麥田怪圈的記錄可以追溯回十七世紀(jì)。從1917年，已經(jīng)有來(lái)自全世界各地關(guān)于它的報(bào)道12000多次，包括意大利、美國(guó)、南非、澳大利亞和巴西，盡管更多的記錄是來(lái)自英國(guó)。
B：但是這正是因?yàn)樽罱麄兊玫饺绱硕嗟拿襟w報(bào)道。所以更多的人們?nèi)ブ圃旃秩Α?/p>
A：或許吧。但是你怎么解釋在圈內(nèi)的谷物的化學(xué)性質(zhì)被改變這一事實(shí)呢？科學(xué)家們實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些谷物有更高級(jí)的蛋白質(zhì)。谷物的莖經(jīng)常被暴露在高溫下。同時(shí)他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)土壤外翻。截止現(xiàn)在，那些騙子們還不能復(fù)制所有的這些特點(diǎn)。
B：好吧，我不是科學(xué)家但是我對(duì)這些所謂的超自然解釋非常持懷疑態(tài)度。我記得我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的一個(gè)節(jié)目，調(diào)查者發(fā)現(xiàn)人類(lèi)干擾的跡象，像地上的洞和腳印。A：拜托。你必須承認(rèn)，它還有許多事情是無(wú)法解釋的！B：有很多事情是很難解釋的但是這個(gè)真的。。
Unit 8 Inside view Part 1 Janet:So do you come here often,Joe? Joe:Yes,most weekends.It’s the kind of thing a lot of Londoners do when they’ve got some time off.Janet:So do you feel like a Londoner,Joe? Joe:Yes,I think so.You don’t have to be born a Londoner to feel like one.Janet:Is it only open on Saturday? Andy:It’s open all week,but there are a lot more stalls open from Friday to Sunday.Janet:What time does it open? Joe:It’s open between 10 a.m.and 6 p.m.Janet:6 o’clock.That’s quite early!Joe:Well,after six,everyone goes out to the pubs and restaurants and the clubs.So it gets pretty lively in the evening.It’s a very trendy kind of place.Janet:And it’s got clothes and jewelley and… Andy:They sell pretty well everything here.Janet:It’s very colourful.Is it a special occasion? Joe:No,just an ordinary weekend.But it’s true that on holiday weekends,it gets very busy.Andy:And all around here there are movie houses and clubs,and all sorts of cool places to hang out.That’s the Electric Ballroom down there… Janet:What’s that? Andy:It’s one of the great clubs in London,all sorts of bands have played there.Janet:I’ve never been to a club.It must be fun.Andy:OK,are you busy tonight? Janet:Er,why do you ask? Andy:Maybe we could go there?Have you any plans? Janet:I’d love to,but I’m afraid I… Andy:OK,no problem.Maybe some other time.珍妮：那么喬你經(jīng)常來(lái)這里嗎？
喬：是的，大多數(shù)周末我都來(lái)。來(lái)這里是許多倫敦人一有時(shí)間就會(huì)做得事情。珍妮：那你覺(jué)得自己像個(gè)倫敦人嗎，喬？
喬：是的，我是這樣覺(jué)得。你并不一定得在倫敦出生才能覺(jué)得自己像倫敦人。珍妮：市場(chǎng)只在周六開(kāi)嗎？
安迪：市場(chǎng)每天都開(kāi)，但更多的貨攤在周五到周日營(yíng)業(yè)。珍妮：它什么時(shí)間開(kāi)始營(yíng)業(yè)呢？
喬：它的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間是上午十點(diǎn)到下午六點(diǎn)。珍妮：下午六點(diǎn)就關(guān)門(mén)了。真早?。?/p>
喬：那是，六點(diǎn)之后，所有人都去酒吧或者飯店和俱樂(lè)部。所以傍晚會(huì)顯得很生氣勃勃。那是個(gè)非常吸引人的地方。珍妮：而且那里還有衣服和珠寶… 安迪：他們這里銷(xiāo)售幾乎所有的東西。
珍妮：這里看起來(lái)五彩繽紛。這是個(gè)特殊的時(shí)節(jié)么？
喬：不是的，僅僅是個(gè)普通的周末。但一到假日這里的確變得非常熱鬧。
安迪：而且在這周?chē)须娪霸汉途銟?lè)部，以及各種可以閑逛的地方。那邊就是電子舞廳… 珍妮：那是什么？
安迪：那是倫敦很棒的俱樂(lè)部中之一，各種各樣的的樂(lè)隊(duì)都曾在那里表演。珍妮：我從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)俱樂(lè)部。那一定很有趣吧。安迪：好的，那你今晚忙嗎？ 珍妮：嗯，為什么這樣問(wèn)啊？
安迪：也許我們可以去那里??？你有什么計(jì)劃嗎？ 珍妮：我想去，但我擔(dān)心我… 安迪：那好，沒(méi)關(guān)系。也許下次吧。
Part 2 Janet:People always seem to be having fun in London!Camden Mrket was great!Joe:Great for shopping!Andy:Well,there are lots and lots of festivals of film and music.And there are also quite a few street festivals,lik the Notting Hill Carnival.Janet:OK,and what happens? Andy:I’ll show you some footage from last year.Notting Hill is a district of London,and it has a large West Indian community.So at Carnival,the kids and adults go on a parade through th streets,wearing these amazing costumes and dancing to llive Caribbean music.Joe:And there’s lots of street food,and music and parties going on along the Carnival route.Yes,it
is great fun.Janet:And does everyone in London go to watch ? Joe: Well,it attracts about two million people a year.Janet:Wow!And when does it happen? Andy:It takes place at the end of August,although the usual time fo Carnival for the rest of the world is February.Janet:What does Carnival mean? Joe:It’s a festival which takes place in many Catholic countries 40 days before Easter,after which everyone is meant to eat and drink only mederately.And the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is probably the best-known,but ther are also carnivals in other cities.Janet:But then why is the Notting Hill Carnival in August? Joe:Beacause for the rest of the year, the whether is awful.Anyway,we’d better be going now,Janet.Janet:Oh,yes.Andy:Go where? Joe:I invited Janet to a jazz concert this evening.It starts in half an hour.Janet: Bye Andy.Take care!Andy:Bye Janet,look after yourself.珍妮：倫敦大概是人們常來(lái)玩的地方?？项D市場(chǎng)真棒！喬：購(gòu)物的好地方！
安迪：這里有許許多多的電影節(jié)和音樂(lè)節(jié)。這里還有相當(dāng)多的街道節(jié)日像諾丁山狂歡節(jié)。珍妮：那會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？0 安迪：我會(huì)向你展示一些去年的鏡頭。諾丁山是倫敦的一個(gè)地區(qū)，這里有一個(gè)很大的西印第安社區(qū)。所以在狂歡節(jié)期間，孩子和成年人們會(huì)身著奇裝艷服，在街頭伴著加勒比風(fēng)格的音樂(lè)載歌載舞。喬：在狂歡節(jié)進(jìn)行的過(guò)程中有許多街道特有的食物、音樂(lè)和聚會(huì)。的確十分有趣。珍妮：那是不是所有在倫敦的人都會(huì)去觀看呢？ 喬：它每年吸引了將近兩百萬(wàn)的人。珍妮：哇！那狂歡節(jié)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始呢？
安迪：雖然其他地方的狂歡節(jié)都是在二月舉行的，但這里的狂歡節(jié)在八月底舉行。珍妮：狂歡節(jié)有什么涵義呢？
喬：那是復(fù)活節(jié)四十天之前在信奉天主教的國(guó)度里進(jìn)行的節(jié)日，節(jié)日后人們只能有節(jié)制地吃喝。在巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行的狂歡節(jié)或許是最出名的，但在其它城市也有狂歡節(jié)。珍妮：但為什么諾丁山狂歡節(jié)在八月舉行呢？
喬：因?yàn)槊磕甑钠渌麜r(shí)間天氣都很糟糕。不管怎樣，我們最好現(xiàn)在就走吧，珍妮。珍妮：嗯，好。安迪：去哪？
喬：我邀請(qǐng)了珍妮今晚去參加一個(gè)爵士音樂(lè)會(huì)。再過(guò)半個(gè)小時(shí)就開(kāi)始了。珍妮：再見(jiàn)，安迪。小心！安迪：再見(jiàn)，珍妮。照顧好自己。
Cross-cultural Awareness Holidays and Customs This week ,on Cross-cultural Awarenes ,Holidays and Customs in Asia we meet some international students who are attending school in California.Many students here are Asian.Asian celebrate a lunar New Year ,so the exact date changes every year.New Year is the biggest holiday in Asia cultures.The holidays lasts for 15 days and ends with a lantern
第五篇：大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程1(原文翻譯)
Lesson 1, Unit 1
史蒂夫喬布斯是共同創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官，蘋(píng)果公司和皮克斯動(dòng)畫(huà)工作室的前首席執(zhí)行官。他是迪士尼最大的個(gè)人股東。他的名字是與像iPod，iPhone和iTunes的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品。他是一個(gè)非常令人尊敬的企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的管理風(fēng)格是影響全球。他的注意力，設(shè)計(jì)，功能和風(fēng)格為他贏得了數(shù)百萬(wàn)的球迷。
喬布斯出生于1955年在舊金山。他對(duì)電腦產(chǎn)生了興趣，當(dāng)時(shí)他是少年。1974年，他得到了作為一個(gè)在視頻游戲制造商Atari公司技術(shù)人員的工作。他攢足了錢(qián)左右印度背包，然后返回雅達(dá)利。喬布斯和沃茲尼亞克.成立于1976年蘋(píng)果公司。喬布斯引導(dǎo)蘋(píng)果成為數(shù)字化革命的主要參與者。作者：iMac和其他尖端產(chǎn)品的推出使它成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的品牌忠實(shí)的追隨者。喬布斯在皮克斯還享有相當(dāng)大的成功。他創(chuàng)造如海底總動(dòng)員玩具總動(dòng)員和奧斯卡獲獎(jiǎng)電影。
2004年，喬布斯被診斷出癌癥。2009年4月，他接受了肝臟移植手術(shù)，他的預(yù)測(cè)是“很好?！?他的意見(jiàn)，有抱負(fù)的青年企業(yè)家是：?！蹦愕谜页瞿愕膼?ài)?！?。.Lesson 2, Unit 1
實(shí)現(xiàn)從高中到大學(xué)生活的過(guò)渡是很困難的。它很容易成為。
沮喪，不知所措，想家。這里有一些提示，將會(huì)使大學(xué)生活變得更輕松過(guò)渡。
你對(duì)你的一次性費(fèi)用。
隨著你在大學(xué)里新發(fā)現(xiàn)的自由而來(lái)的是責(zé)任。負(fù)責(zé)涉及能夠管理你的時(shí)間。利用規(guī)劃師來(lái)幫助您組織的強(qiáng)烈建議。你也應(yīng)該提前計(jì)劃你的課程，所以你可以決定什么課外活動(dòng)，你將有時(shí)間。
重要的是要保持開(kāi)放的心態(tài)。
當(dāng)你第一次提出了大學(xué)，你要在一個(gè)新地方，處理新情況。所以，你必須保持開(kāi)放的態(tài)度。大學(xué)不只是學(xué)習(xí)課本的事實(shí)和理論。對(duì)高校很大一部分涉及學(xué)習(xí)如何成為一個(gè)成年人。家只有一個(gè)電話或即時(shí)消息客場(chǎng)。
如果離開(kāi)這里去上大學(xué)是你第一次已經(jīng)離家的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期，是很自然的感覺(jué)想家了。不要悲觀。而如果事情變得太糟糕了，家里只有一個(gè)電話或即時(shí)消息了。
Lesson 1，Unit 2
搜索互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以幫助中年和老年人保持記憶清晰，根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)研究。在加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的研究人員記錄了人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上搜索，發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦活動(dòng)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人士他們的搜索過(guò)程中使用更多的大腦。這表明，簡(jiǎn)單地搜索互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的培訓(xùn)，并保持它的大腦活躍和健康的影響。許多研究表明，這種具有挑戰(zhàn)性的難題智力活動(dòng)可以幫助保護(hù)腦功能，但很少有什么作用，網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)揮的。據(jù)醫(yī)生加里小，老齡加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的專(zhuān)家，這是第一次有人在模擬互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索任務(wù)同時(shí)進(jìn)行腦部掃描。小醫(yī)生的研究小組對(duì)55至76歲的24例正常志愿者。一半人能熟練地進(jìn)行互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索，而另一半人則毫無(wú)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。兩組人員都被要求做互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索和看書(shū)任務(wù)，而他們的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。
研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們誰(shuí)是熟悉互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以從事在一個(gè)更深層次的大腦活動(dòng)。
Lesson 2, Unit 2
在數(shù)字化時(shí)代的來(lái)臨，許多人認(rèn)為，因特網(wǎng)，電子郵件，博客和互動(dòng)視頻游戲會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)更復(fù)雜的一代兒童的智力。術(shù)語(yǔ)“信息高速公路”和“知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)”進(jìn)入字典，這是假設(shè)，青少
年會(huì)用他們的知識(shí)和技術(shù)，走出一條作為新數(shù)字時(shí)代的先鋒線索的理解。這是承諾。但是，啟蒙并沒(méi)有發(fā)生。在這本來(lái)是讓年輕人更加智能化，多樣化的口味，提高他們的口頭表達(dá)能力的技術(shù)發(fā)生了相反的效果。據(jù)最近的報(bào)道，在美國(guó)最年輕的人不讀文學(xué)，參觀博物館或表決。他們不能解釋基本的科學(xué)方法，講述基本的美國(guó)歷史，他們的名字代表或當(dāng)?shù)氐恼蔚貓D上找到伊拉克或以色列。最蠢的一代，由馬克包爾因?qū)懙模且粋€(gè)年輕的成年人的智力生活和對(duì)美國(guó)文化和民主的后果令人吃驚的起訴書(shū)及時(shí)發(fā)出警告。
Lesson 1, Unit 3
美國(guó)已經(jīng)擁有高速火車(chē)：坐上火車(chē)趕往快遞自2000年以來(lái)一直在進(jìn)行之間的華盛頓，紐約和波士頓車(chē)手百萬(wàn)美元。它沿拉鏈每小時(shí)150英里的距離相對(duì)較短我們做的手勢(shì)，我們坐的方式，如何快速或大聲我們?nèi)绾握f(shuō)話，如何接近我們的立場(chǎng)，如何讓我們的目光接觸-發(fā)出強(qiáng)有力的信息。如何，你聽(tīng)，看，移動(dòng)和反應(yīng)告訴其他人你是否，以及如何照顧好你聽(tīng)。非語(yǔ)言信號(hào)發(fā)送或者產(chǎn)生興趣，信任感和溝通的愿望或他們產(chǎn)生不感興趣，不信任和混亂。
Lesson 2, Unit 7
當(dāng)你保持沉默，你還可以進(jìn)行通信。這是真的，你可能不想說(shuō)什么。但是你很沉默可能揭示
了希望獨(dú)處或留健側(cè)，這是消息中，有意識(shí)或無(wú)意識(shí)中，你要發(fā)送。因此，它已被正確地說(shuō)，雖然我們說(shuō)話的發(fā)聲器官，我們與我們的整個(gè)身體交談。我們大家相互溝通，以及與非語(yǔ)言的文字。有時(shí)候，我們知道我們?cè)谧鍪裁?，比如，?dāng)我們給豎起了大拇指標(biāo)志，以表明我們批準(zhǔn)的時(shí)間，但我們不知道我們正在做什么最。我們與眉毛或一個(gè)手勢(shì)，滿足別人的眼睛，把目光移開(kāi)，轉(zhuǎn)向在椅子上不安地說(shuō)。我們認(rèn)為這些行動(dòng)是隨機(jī)的，偶然的。但是研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們有一個(gè)系統(tǒng)幾乎因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言本身始終如一的理解。他們的結(jié)論是有一系列的身體語(yǔ)言，包括我們提出的方法，我們采用的手勢(shì)，我們采取的姿勢(shì)，面部表情我們穿，我們注視的方向，在何種程度上我們接觸，我們的距離從對(duì)方的立場(chǎng)。
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