第一篇：墨東博英語四級講義2[精選]

2014年CET-4翻譯講義 ?？季湫?據(jù)報(bào)道，中國的消費(fèi)者每年用了30億個(gè)塑料袋。我在中學(xué)時(shí)期就下定決心成為作家。直到工作開始時(shí)，我才意識到已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間。沒有什么比提高我們自身能力更重要的了。我急忙趕到機(jī)場，沒想到飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。說起旅游，我忍不住要與你分享我在旅途中所遇到的趣事。父母撫養(yǎng)孩子被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的。

8他的講座太枯燥，很多聽眾都中途退場了。毫無疑問，努力使成功的一個(gè)重要因素。令人失望的是，你給我們帶來的不是幫助而是麻煩。美國人和英國人不僅語言相同，而且還有很多類似的社會習(xí)俗。在一次嚴(yán)重的交通事故后，他很可能再也不能走路了。我們的開會地點(diǎn)是教室，不是會堂。孩子寧愿步行，也不愿乘車。我沒想到你能說服他改變主意。只要你信我，你就能度過這段困難時(shí)期。要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的進(jìn)步。只有經(jīng)過老師的允許，學(xué)生才能進(jìn)入辦公室。

常用漢英互譯詞匯

教育類詞匯

文憑

diplomas and certificates 考研熱 the craze for graduate school study 應(yīng)試教育 the examination-oriented education 義務(wù)教育

compulsory education 復(fù)合型人才

interdisciplinary talents 文化底蘊(yùn)

the rich cultural deposits 大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè) the university students’ innovative undertakings 擴(kuò)招

expand enrollment 被授予學(xué)位

be granted a an official certificate from 高分低能

good scores but low qualities 片面追求升學(xué)率

place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level 退學(xué)

drop out of the school 形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system 教書育人

impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教

teach students according to their aptitude 德才兼?zhèn)?/p>

possess political integrity and professional ability 品學(xué)兼優(yōu)

be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar 提高學(xué)生身心素質(zhì)

improve the health and psychological quality 適應(yīng)社會的改變

adjust to the social changes quickly 滿足社會的急需

meet the urgent need of the society 保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)

protect the intellectual property 才疏學(xué)淺

be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge 努力獲得精神文明

make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress 減輕負(fù)擔(dān)

reduce the heavy burdens 更加有意義和豐富的生活

a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life 工作類詞匯

崇高職業(yè)

noble career 白領(lǐng)工作

white-collar workers 跳槽

job-hopping 試用期

probationary period

人才流動和雙向選擇

talent flow and a dual-way selection 自由職業(yè)

freelance work 拜金主義

money worship 獲得名利

achieve fame and wealth 充分發(fā)揮個(gè)人的潛力

develop fully one’s potential and creativity 實(shí)干精神

steadfast and earnest in one’s work 工作出色

excel in one’s work 無憂無慮

be care-free 社會和個(gè)人的尊重

social and personal esteem 生計(jì)問題

a bread and butter issue 生活補(bǔ)助

living subsidies 人才交流

talents exchange 培養(yǎng)人才

cultivate talents 推薦人才

recommend the virtuous and able 人才外流

brain drain 優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

optimize the structure 精簡人員

cut off the overstaffed offices 提高綜合素質(zhì)

improve the comprehensive quality 解決勞動就業(yè)問題 tackle the problem of labor force utilization 砸掉大鍋飯

shatter the convention of iron bowl 堅(jiān)持改革

be persistent in the reform progress 造成失業(yè)問題

bring about the unemployment problem 下崗人員

the laid-off workers 自謀生路

be self-employed 給出優(yōu)惠政策

give preferential treatment 享受失業(yè)救濟(jì)金 enjoy unemployment pension 需要安全感和生活保障

need a sense of security and guarantee of life

勞動力短缺

shortage of manpower 提高文化，智慧，品質(zhì)修養(yǎng)

enhance their cultural and moral quality

商業(yè)類詞匯

服務(wù)行業(yè)

service trade

家用電器

household electrical appliances 物美價(jià)廉

with low price and high quality 售后服務(wù)

after-sale service 旺季

during peak selling seasons 銷售渠道

distribution channel 商標(biāo)冒用

trade-mark infringement 穩(wěn)定物價(jià)

stabilize the commodity prices 加強(qiáng)品牌效應(yīng)

strengthen the brand effect 提高購買力

raise the purchasing power 保持市場的良好的秩序

keep to market in good order 適銷對路

be good for sale 脫銷

out of stock

刺激購買欲

stimulate the desire to buy 促銷

promote sales 超前消費(fèi)

premature consumption 有效期

term of validity 零售價(jià)

retail price 批發(fā)價(jià)

whole price 緊俏商品 commodities in short supply 假冒偽劣

forged and fake commodities

工業(yè)詞匯

產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級

upgrade the structure of industry 外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)：export-oriented economy 企業(yè)凝聚力 the cohesive force in enterprise 虧損企業(yè)

enterprise in the red 創(chuàng)收

generate profits 精簡開支 cut down the outlay 扭轉(zhuǎn)局面 reverse the tide

有外需

have a potential in overseas market 醫(yī)藥健康詞匯 殺蟲劑

pesticide 衛(wèi)生環(huán)境 sanitary environment 營養(yǎng)不良 malnourished 傳染病 infectious disease 呼吸疾病 respiratory disease 建設(shè)衛(wèi)生城市 hygienic city 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)詞匯

立法會議 legislative sessions 行政處罰 administrative penalty 司法部門

enforcement apartment 侵犯個(gè)人隱私

invasion of privacy 修改憲法

revise the constitution 假賬

deceptive accounting 漏稅 tax evasion 刑事訴訟

criminal proceeding 行賄和受賄 take and offer bribes 要求索賠

claim compensation 目無法規(guī)

defy the law and social disciplines 法律監(jiān)督

function as a legal supervisor 擾亂治安

disturb the social order 建立獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和制約機(jī)制

establish a incentive and disincentive system 物質(zhì)和精神文明建設(shè)

material and ideological progress 精簡機(jī)構(gòu)

streamline government organs 集思廣益

pool ones wisdom 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需

expand the domestic demand

時(shí)事類詞匯

可持續(xù)性發(fā)展sustainable development ·風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資risk in vestment ·通貨緊縮deflation ·通貨膨脹inflation ·擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需to expand domestic demand ·虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)virtual reality ·電腦犯罪computer crime ·電子商務(wù)the e-business ·網(wǎng)上購物shopping on line(on-line shopping)·應(yīng)試教育exam-oriented education ·學(xué)生減負(fù)to reduce study load ·政府工作報(bào)告government’s work report ·新聞發(fā)布會press conference ·弱勢群體disadvantaged groups(例句：Special employment ·assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups．應(yīng)對弱勢群體給予特殊的就業(yè)援助

·加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整accelerate economic restructuring ·城鎮(zhèn)社會保障體系urban social security system ·下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)subsistence allowances for laid-off workers ·離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金basic pensions for retirees ·特困行業(yè)和企業(yè)industries and enterprises in dire straits ·全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退the global economic slump ·醫(yī)療改革health care reform ·擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，刺激消費(fèi)expand domestic demand and consumption ·鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)township enterprises ．

·關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定(世界貿(mào)易組織的前身)GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)·世界貿(mào)易組織WTO(World Trade Organization)·最惠國待遇(現(xiàn)通常稱“正常貿(mào)易關(guān)系”)MFN(most-favored-nation)treatment ·實(shí)行國民待遇grant the national treatment to ·糧食安全food security ·知識產(chǎn)權(quán)IPRs(Intellectual property fights)·最不發(fā)達(dá)國家 LDCs(Least-developed countries)·AA制Dutch treatment；go Dutch ·按勞分配distribution according to one’s performance ·按揭購房to buy a house on mortgage；to mortgage a house ·脫貧shake of poverty；lift oneself from poverty ·拜金主義money worship ·版權(quán)法copyright law ·白色污染white pollution ·筆記本電腦notebook computer ·貶值devalue，devaluate，depreciate(of a currency)·畢業(yè)生分配制度assignment of graduates ·閉關(guān)政策closed-door policy ·蹦迪disco dancing ·保持國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的良好勢頭maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy ·保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境preserve the ecological environment ·保護(hù)主義protectionism ·保健食品health-care food ·北約NATO(the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)·不明飛行物unidentified flying object(UFO)·重復(fù)建設(shè)building redundant projects；duplication of similar projects ·菜籃子工程shopping basket program · 暢通工程Smooth Traffic Project ·從粗放經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧s經(jīng)濟(jì)shift from extensive economy to intensive economy ·促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化foster integration with the global economy ·春運(yùn)(passenger)transport during the Spring Festival around the Chinese lunar new year ·大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)university students’ innovative undertaking ·(食物)打包use doggy bags to take food home ·打假crack down on counterfeit goods／fake products ·帶薪假期paid holiday ·盜版VCD pirated VCD ·電話會議teleconference ·第三產(chǎn)業(yè)tertiary industry；service sector ·倒計(jì)時(shí)countdown ·地球村global village ·地方保護(hù)主義regional protectionism ·多媒體multimedia ·惡性循環(huán)vicious circle ·厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象El Nino phenomenon ·防偽標(biāo)志anti-fake label ·防洪工程flood-prevention project ·風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資venture capital；risk investment ·瘋牛病mad cow disease ·扶貧poverty alleviation ·反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government ·福利彩票welfare lotteries ·福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system ·復(fù)合型人才inter-disciplinary talent ·個(gè)人所得稅personal income tax ·高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)high and new technology industrial development zone ·國民生產(chǎn)總值gross national product(GNP)·國際慣例international common practice ·國際貨幣基金組織IMF(International Monetary Fund)·國腳player of the national football team；footballer of the national team ·國庫券treasury bonds ·公費(fèi)醫(yī)療medical services at state expense ·共同富裕common prosperity ·黑客hacker ·基因突變genetic mutation ·基因工程genetic engineering ·基本國情fundamental realities of the country ·基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施infrastructure construction ·精神文明建設(shè)promote cultural and ideological progress；develop socialist culture and ethics ·經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化economic globalization；economic Integration ·經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇economic resurgence ·可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainable development ·可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略strategy of sustainable development ·寬帶網(wǎng)broadband networks ··科教興國rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation ·考研take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools ·貿(mào)易順差trade surplus ·貿(mào)易逆差trade deficit ·歐元Euro ·歐洲貨幣一體化European monetary integration ·普通高等教育regular higher education ·勤工儉學(xué)part-work and part-study system;work—study program ·申辦奧運(yùn)會bid for the Olympic Games ·生態(tài)旅游ecotourism ·售后服務(wù)after-sale services ·三維動畫片three-dimensional animation ·三峽工程Three Gorges Project ·雙向選擇two-way selection ·雙學(xué)位double degree ·雙贏局面win-win situation ·實(shí)行股份制enforce stockholding system ·實(shí)事求是seek truth from facts；be practical and realistic；be true to facts ·實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation ·實(shí)話實(shí)說speak the plaint truth-tell it as it is ·首創(chuàng)精神pioneering spirit ．

·填鴨式教學(xué)cramming method of teaching ·團(tuán)隊(duì)精神team spirit ． ·網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)cyber economy ·網(wǎng)上沖浪surf the Internet ·吸取世界文明成果assimilate the achievements of civilizations over the world ·現(xiàn)場直播live broadcast ·現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度modem enterprise system；modem corporate system ·希望工程Project Hope ·西氣東輸transmit the natural gas from the western areas to East China；West-East natural gas transmission project ·西部大開發(fā)Western Development ·西電東送transmit the electricity from the western areas to East China；West-East electricity transmission project ·亞洲金融危機(jī)financial crisis in Asia ·依法治國manage state affairs according to law；run state affairs according to law ·憂患意識awareness of unexpected development；being prepared for unexpected development；being prepared for any eventualities ·有中國特色的社會主義道路road of socialism with Chinese characteristics ·與時(shí)俱進(jìn)advance with times ·因材施教teach students according to their aptitude ·以法治國，以德治國to govern the country with law and moral ·義務(wù)教育compulsory education ·優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)optimize the economic structure ． ·優(yōu)化資源配置optimize the allocation of resources ·應(yīng)試教育體制examination-oriented education system ·振興中華make China powerful and strong；revitalize the Chinese nation 知識經(jīng)濟(jì)knowledge-based economy ·主頁home page ·自由競爭free competition ·綜合國力comprehensive national strength

實(shí)踐與提高

第二篇：四級微博英語作文

The microblog is very popular in the virtual world.Average citizens, famous economists, as well as movie stars can own a microblog and share their opinions and life with other people.The microblog is attractive for the following reasons.First, the Internet has different forms of dissemination and unique effects in broadcasting message compared with traditional media.It is fast and efficient, and people can get relevant information immediately.Second, message sent by the microblog can reach a large number of people, who can interact with the microblog owners by leaving message in it.This kind of interaction is appealing especially when the owner is a famous figure.The microblog is very useful and adds lots of color into the virtual world.Regulated properly, the microblog can be a very interesting platform for people to share opinions and make friends.

第三篇：我總結(jié)的墨東博考研作文

寫 實(shí)

P1 龍眼

As is vividly(illustrated/depicted/conveyed/revealed/betrayed)in the picture,(圖的內(nèi)容1the two pet neighbors greet each other politely and amicably ,whereas(while/on the other hand)the two pets’ owners seem to ignore between(each other)aloofly).Simple as it is, the drawing sets us pondering a awfully.Accordingly, much inspiration can be drawn from what this far-reaching/thought-provoking picture witness:(圖反映的現(xiàn)實(shí)2 pets, rather than/instead of people around them, are such an indispensable part in their daily life to the point where they are excessively/inordinately fond of their beloved animals while neglecting those who care them, which has aroused great concern and should be given enough consideration).It speaks volumes for the concept that(TS○3 indifference should be ruled out, with harmonious society echoed vigorously nowadays in china.)

1批判：先揚(yáng)后抑 ○

歌頌：先抑后揚(yáng)

圖的內(nèi)容 原則上用一個(gè)主從句表達(dá), 功底。兩句合一句的途經(jīng)：

1、AND連結(jié)；

2、WHICH或WHEREAS連結(jié)；

3、非謂語

2to the point where加以講解 ○

excessively/inordinately負(fù)面詞匯,作者的態(tài)度盡在不言中,回避使用

I believe ,I think 之類的句式

3TS + Background ○

02~04: China is entry into WTO

05: Harmonious society

06: The honor and disgrace values

07~11: Scientific development values--Human life and ecology systemTS的語言組織

Weigh A against B---在A和B之間權(quán)衡利弊（against:在…的背景下）

1具體Where 定從：○

2抽象to the point where…以至于○

獨(dú)主with+S+V-ing/V-ed(主謂、動賓)Nothing + be + adj + than + to + do○On no account can we○It is time + S + V-ed○It 無主句 ○……ought to be weighed/taken/pondered/seriously ○

4注意使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，突出TS ○

P2

Why do we lay emphasis on this? Several points()analyzed below might equip us with the profound message of what we are heading for.To begin with, since we have to live on an on-the-move lifestyle , we are denied chances to share our feelings with our friends and relatives.In addition, with so many dishonesties running around our society, the indifference happened in turn we have no choice but to enjoy the company of pets.And above all, too many tragedies as to the indifference--seeing someone in mortal danger without lifting a finger to save him--put on the stage of our daily life, which is threatening situation we are unwilling to face(此句僅用于負(fù)面評價(jià)).No better illustration of this view touched on above can be taken than the case as listed below:(1a crowd of people remained appallingly nonchalance to the plea of a mother, since she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death.)

2At the end of the day, no issue in china stands as critical to build up the ○

society in harmony as ironing out of indifference among people.1實(shí)例 1例證，舉例：○○

2引語eg：△As the famous saying goes:○

△As many famous ecologists put it:

3數(shù)據(jù)eg：○According to the latest survey conducted by

concerning department,……

論點(diǎn)的具體體現(xiàn)：RP原則

2小結(jié) ○與TS首尾呼應(yīng),重復(fù)原則 ○為第三段起勢 ○

3Benard Show---No issue stands as critical to A as B.○

在沒有比B對A更關(guān)鍵的了

P3 Judging from what has been argued above, we have come to recognize that the harms arising from indifference has been, like Pandora’s box, the crippling force of establishing the harmony society.It is , therefore, inperative that some effective steps should be taken to(○1點(diǎn)主題 重復(fù)原則narrow and bridge the gap among people.)

On one hand,(○2依法治國the government should make law to set up the society in which people live in harmony.)

On the other hand,(○3依德治國 people should enhance the awareness of caring each other especially when they were young.)

Only by undergoing these measures, can we make our society, where people, even not knowing each other, help among them, appeal to everyone.12

第四篇：四級翻譯講義

大學(xué)英語四級翻譯講義

英語翻譯三步曲 第一：找主干 第二：定時(shí)態(tài) 第三：加修飾 第一、找主干

什么是句子的主干？――主要成份

第二、定時(shí)態(tài)

如何確定時(shí)態(tài)？找信號詞 A一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

信號詞：現(xiàn)在、是、總是、給

謂語構(gòu)成： be動詞（am/is are）動詞原形（do/does）

B 一般過去時(shí)

信號詞：過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)(從前、早在、在2011年,朝代）

相傳，據(jù)說

謂語構(gòu)成：be（was，were）或者 did C.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

信號詞：（副詞）到目前為止，已經(jīng)，自從，在近……以來，早就（助詞）了，過，結(jié)構(gòu)： have/ has + done(動詞的過去分詞)表示完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志 D.一般將來時(shí)

信號詞：將來、會、可以…

謂語構(gòu)成： will(be going to)+do E 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

信號詞：正在、此時(shí)此刻、（助詞）正……著

謂語構(gòu)成： be（am/is are）+doing F.情態(tài)動詞

結(jié)構(gòu):should/may/can/could/must等+do 信號詞：將，可能，也許

時(shí)間狀語

一位帝王于五千年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶。(1312四）An emperor found the tea five thousand years ago.在明清期間，茶館遍布全國。(1312四）

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the tea houses were widespread all over the country.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，西湖一直以其秀美風(fēng)景而聞名于世。

For centuries, the West Lake has been well-known for its beautiful scenery.地點(diǎn)狀語

“中國結(jié)”(Chinese Knot)在中文里意味著愛情，婚姻和團(tuán)聚。(1312四）Chinese Knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese.好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡.(1312四）

Good cooks always try to seek balance among grains, meat and vegetables.方式狀語

中國應(yīng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展核能.(1406四）

China should further develop the nuclear energy.食物對健康至關(guān)重要.(1312四）

Food is crucially important to health.閱讀對于中小學(xué)生尤為重要.(1406四）

Reading is crucially important to primary and middle school students.目的狀語

為了，針對，以

用to do 形式

為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)，家家戶戶都會進(jìn)行大掃除（樣題）。To sweep away the ill fortune and bring in good luck,… 針對這一問題，中國政府正開始發(fā)起低碳行動。To tackle this problem,….為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國已經(jīng)投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施。

To promote the equality of education, China …...青奧會于①八月②在南京③隆重開幕。

在漢語中通常排列為“時(shí)間→地點(diǎn)→方式→動詞”的順序，在英語中通常排列為“動詞→方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間”的順序。

how→where→when

The Youth Olympic Games began ceremoniously in Nanjing in August.我從看到你第一眼就從心底里深深地愛上了你。I love you deeply from the bottom of my heart at the first sight.簡單句語序：主+謂+賓+How+Where+When 請?jiān)囍鴮⑾旅娑陶Z組成一個(gè)完整的句子。

Games

played

yesterday

in the room

the children

quietly The children played games quietly in the room yesterday.before lunch

the letter

in his office

quickly he read He read the letter quickly in his office before lunch.the little boy

an apple

this morning

ate

greedily in the kitchen.The little boy ate an apple greedily in the kitchen this morning.第四：加修飾（形容詞）的翻譯： a、單個(gè)形容詞翻譯

中國結(jié)已經(jīng)成為一種優(yōu)雅多彩的藝術(shù)和工藝。

Chinese Knot has become an elegant and colorful art and craft.b、復(fù)合形容詞

副詞+動詞過去分詞形式＝＝形容詞

“你要茶還是咖啡?”是用餐人常被問到的問題。

”Would you like tea or coffee?”, that is a frequently-asked question to dinning people.精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。

Well-prepared food is both delicious and good-looking.新版的牛津（Oxford）英語詞典 newly-edited Oxford English Dictionary 新公布的計(jì)劃 newly-announced plan 新建的高樓 recently/newly-built architectures 精心設(shè)計(jì)的景觀 well-designed landscape

（二）、of 結(jié)構(gòu)

茶是中國的瑰寶。(1312四）

Tea is the treasure of China.(of結(jié)構(gòu)）

(1)隨著

隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展with the development of times

隨著技術(shù)和安全措施的改進(jìn)with the improvement of technology and security measures

隨著電腦和智能手機(jī)的迅速發(fā)展和普及with the fast development and popularity of computers and smart phones（2）史

中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史。

Chinese paper-cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.北京首都國際機(jī)場(Beijing Capital International Airport)已有50多年的歷史。

Beijing Capital International Airport has a history of more than 50 years.（3）部分

太極拳是東方文化的重要組成部分。

Taijiquan is an important part of the oriental culture.城鎮(zhèn)化已經(jīng)成為我國社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要組成部分。

Urbanization has become an important component of social and economic development in China.(4)分?jǐn)?shù)

核電目前只占其總發(fā)電量的2% Nuclear power currently only accounts for 2% of the total generating capacity.中國老年人口占據(jù)人口總數(shù)的三分之一。

Chinese elder people account for one third of the total population.…….之一 句型

主謂+ one of +形容詞+范圍詞+地點(diǎn)

皮影戲是中國最著名民間戲劇形式之一.Shadow play is one of the most famous folk art forms in China.茶是世界上最流行的飲料(beverage)之一。Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.（三）、介詞短語

a、表擁有

中心詞+with短語

有三千年歷史的城市

a city with a history of 3,000 years.b、表地點(diǎn)

中心詞+from/in/+somewhere 農(nóng)村和山區(qū)的兒童

the children in rural and mountainous areas

c 表方位

中心詞+in+sth.工業(yè)升級中的結(jié)構(gòu)性障礙(structural obstacle)

the structural obstacle in industrial upgrading d 表目的 中心詞+for sth.饋贈外國友人的禮物 the gift for foreign friends

被動句結(jié)構(gòu)

? 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：be（am is are）+done ? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： be（am is are）+being + done ? 一般過去時(shí)：was、were +done ? 一般將來時(shí)：will be done ? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been done ? 情態(tài)動詞：must(can/could等)be done 真題演練

The famous novel is said to

(已經(jīng)被翻譯成多種語言).（2012-6）

We look forward to

(被邀請出席開幕式).一、點(diǎn)型的被字句

（1）信號詞

被，由，讓，給，遭，受，通過 為…所稱，用于（2）判斷句

是+動詞+的

語言是在實(shí)踐中形成的。Language has been formed in practice.二、隱形被動句

今天食堂吃餃子。

三、習(xí)慣性被動句

我們，人們，大家

被動句的翻譯步驟： 第一：定主干（定謂語動詞）第二：定時(shí)態(tài)

第三：加被動

一、點(diǎn)型的被字句

被字句

在中國，烹飪被視為一種技能（1312四）。In China, cooking is regarded as a skill.由字句

家里的大事由男人做主。The important things in family are decided by men.于字句

這些資金用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、購買書籍

These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books.遭字句

目前，人類的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞。

Currently, the human’s living environment is being destroyed severely.受字句

中國武俠連續(xù)劇(Chinese Wuxia series)在西方受到大眾的歡迎。Chinese Wuxia series is welcomed by the audience in the west.稱

《本草綱目》堪稱中醫(yī)史上最完整的醫(yī)書。

Ben Cao Gang Mu is regarded as the most complete Medical book in the history of traditional Chinese medicine.（2）：是、、、的

地基是石頭砌成的.The foundation is made of stones 真題演練

換句話說，核能是可以安全開發(fā)和利用的。

In other words, the nuclear energy can be exploited and utilized safely.中國結(jié)(the Chinese knot)最初是手工藝人發(fā)明的。（13.12 四）

The Chinese Knot was initially invented by craftsmen.第二：隱形被動句

房間已經(jīng)打掃干凈了。The room has been cleaned.文章總算寫完了。The article has finally been finished.第三：習(xí)慣性被動句(泛指人稱代詞,人們，我們開頭)人們用它來辟邪。It is used to ward off evil spirits.人們用它來記錄事件。It is used to record events.真題演練

１這種形式的手工藝(handcraft)代代相傳。This kind of craft has been passed down for generations.2、中國結(jié)常常作為禮物交換.The Chinese Knot is often given as a gift for exchange.如何翻譯無主句？

第一：加人稱代詞 第二：譯為被動

第三：it is +a.+to do(做某事是……，很難，很容易)第四：there be/appear/exist（有，現(xiàn)在，存在）

第一：加人稱代詞

開車沒有方向盤不行。You can’t turn a car without the wheel.外面下雨了。It’s raining outside．

接到你的情書，非常高興。

（我）接到你的情書,（我）非常高興。

I am very glad to have received your love letter.第二：譯為被動

食堂今天吃餃子。Dumplings are served in the dining hall today.第三：it is +a.+to do(做某事是……，很難，很容易)很難弄清楚這個(gè)習(xí)俗的起源。

It is difficult to make clear the origins of the custom.第四、譯為存現(xiàn)句型，there be 信號詞 有，存在，出現(xiàn) 中西方飲食習(xí)慣存在具大差異。

There exist great differences between Chinese and western eating habits.必須保證孩子們的安全。

Children’s safety must be guaranteed.We must guarantee children’s safety.It is essential to guarantee children’s safety.并列句

并列句＝簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句 表并列關(guān)系 和, 不僅，而且

and, both..and…

as well as , not only...but also..., , neither…nor 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：但是，然而

but,however, while

表選擇關(guān)系：或者

or, either…or

成功有一千個(gè)理由，失敗卻只有一個(gè)。

――――約翰肯尼迪（John F Kennedy）

Victory has a thousand fathers, but defeat is an orphan.談戀愛，是跟一個(gè)人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在談戀愛，談結(jié)婚，是跟一個(gè)人的缺點(diǎn)在過日子。

Dating someone is dating with his or her merits,while marrying someone is marrying his or her demerits.改錯(cuò)題

１ 麗江古城位于云南西北部，是納西族(Naxi ethnic group)聚居(Home to)的地方。

Lijiang ancient city is located in the northwest of Yun Nan province, and home to Naxi ethnic group.許多西方人會選咖啡，而中國人則會選茶。

Many westerners will choose coffee, while the choice of Chinese may be tea.3 茶是中國的瑰寶，也是中國傳統(tǒng)和文化的重要組成部分。

Not only is tea an ethnic drinking, but also was an important component of Chinese traditional culture.真題演練

在古代，人們用它來記錄事件，但現(xiàn)在主要 用于裝飾的目的。

In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly used for a decoration purpose.中餐既美味又健康Chinese food is both delicious and healthy.中國園林是中國文化的標(biāo)志，已有3000多年的悠久歷史。

Chinese garden is a symbol of Chinese Culture and it has a long history of more than 3000 years.定語從句

作用一：幫助我們翻譯長定語

作用二：幫助我們翻譯難詞

翻譯定語從句的步聚： 第一：譯主干，確定先行詞 第二：加關(guān)系詞 第三：譯從句

The prevention and treatment of AIDS is

(我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域）(0806四）

一些為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)的學(xué)生如今又回到了本地農(nóng)村學(xué)校就讀。Some students who have been transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.其中 among which(事)among whom(人)杭州特產(chǎn)眾多，其中以絲綢和茶葉最受歡迎。

Hangzhou owns numerous special local products, among which the silk and the tea is the most popular.歷史上涌現(xiàn)了一批杰出的元曲劇作家，其中以關(guān)漢卿最負(fù)盛名。

There appeared a great number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera in history, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous.翻譯難詞

瓷器,和絲綢一樣，是享譽(yù)海外的中國特產(chǎn)。

Chinaware, like silk, is a specialty of China that is very famous overseas.賓語從句

判斷：賓語是一個(gè)句子

信號詞：認(rèn)為 deem 聲稱maintain 顯示reveal 強(qiáng)調(diào)stress 建議advise

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+(that)+從句

如果謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以用任何時(shí)態(tài)；

如果謂語動詞是過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀好書，尤其是經(jīng)典著作。

They stress that people should read good books, especially classical ones.有些教育工作者2003年就建議設(shè)立全民讀書日。

Some educational workers have suggested that a National Reading Day be set up since 2003.時(shí)間狀語從句

引導(dǎo)詞：when, until 信號詞：時(shí)，當(dāng)….時(shí) 【真題鏈接】

.例子一：(CET4 2006/12)一些心理學(xué)家表明人們出門在外時(shí)可能會感到孤獨(dú)。

---Some psychologists claim that people may feel lonely_________________________.例子二：(CET4 2014/06)飲茶在六世紀(jì)傳到日本，但直到18世紀(jì)才傳到歐美。(1312四）Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 18th

century.條件狀語從句

引導(dǎo)詞：if

信號詞：如果，假如 主將從現(xiàn)

從句：if+主語+do/does 主句：主語+will +do If you do what you love, money will follow.如果錯(cuò)過了太陽時(shí)你流淚，那么你也要錯(cuò)過群星了。

-----泰戈?duì)?/p>

If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you’ll miss the stars.主情從現(xiàn)

如果冬天來了，春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎？---If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 從句：if+主語+do/does 主句：主語+must/can/may等 主祈從現(xiàn)

---If you want to know the value of money, go and try to borrow some.從句：if +主語+do/does 主句：祈使句

否定：don’t do/never do sth.If you can’t say anything nice, don’t say anything at all.If you are ever in trouble, don’t try tobe brave, just run, runaway.【真題鏈接】

Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if it is convenient for you.(如果你方便的話）

假如他們沒有在這個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)期培養(yǎng)閱讀的興趣，以后要養(yǎng)成閱讀的習(xí)慣就很難了。（1406四）

If they don’t develop the interest of reading during this crucial period, it will be difficult to get into the habit of reading late.第四次課內(nèi)容：

第一：如果升級and連接的并列句（同位語，分詞作狀語，非限定性定語從句）第二：三個(gè)提分句型 第三：段落翻譯注意事項(xiàng) 漢語是一種古老的語言，已有四千多年的歷史。

Chinese is an ancient language,and it has a history of more than four thousand years.2 宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝，也是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一。

Song Huizong is the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, and he is also one of the most famous emperors in the Song Dynasty.相在同點(diǎn)：第一：前后兩句主語一致

第二：第一句是個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu) 方法：把第一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)橥徽Z 升級后的句型為：

漢語是一種古老的語言，已有四千多年的歷史。

Chinese, an old language, has a history of more than four thousand years.宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝，也是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一。

Song Huizong, the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, is also one of the most famous emperors in the Song Dynasty.課堂練習(xí)

剪紙（Paper cutting）是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一，有一千五百多年的歷史。

Paper-cutting, one of the most popular traditional folk art forms, has a history of more than 1500 years.在中國，月餅是一種特殊的食品，廣受海內(nèi) 外華人的歡迎。

Moon cakes, a special kind of food in China, are deeply loved by the Chinese both at home and abroad.中醫(yī)(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中華文化的一部分，為中國的繁榮做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。

Traditional Chinese Medicine, a component of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the prosperity of China.句型升級2 我們坐在高高的谷堆旁邊，聽媽媽講那過去的故事。

We sat on the high hillock and listened to the old story.We sat on the high hillock, listening to the old story.相同點(diǎn)

第一：前后兩句主語一致

第二：動詞與主語是主動關(guān)系

第一：保留主動詞

第二：次動詞用ing形式

課堂練習(xí)

近年來，越來越多的女性在政府部門任職，參與國家政務(wù)活動。

In recent years, an increasing number of females have taken office in thegovernment, participating in the national political affairs.元代時(shí)戲劇曾傳到世界上很多國家，迷倒了不少國外戲迷。

Drama was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty, attracting many foreign audience.句型升級3 我們依偎在媽媽的懷里，聽媽媽講那過去的故事。

We were nestled in the mother’s arm and listened to the old story.如果前后兩句主語一致，動詞與主語的是一主一被

方法一： Nestled in the mother’s arm, we listened to the old story.方法二： We were nestled in the mother’s arm, listening to the old story.上海自由貿(mào)易區(qū)(Shanghai Trade Zone)位于上海市的郊區(qū)，面積為28.78平方公里。

Located on the outskirts of Shanghai city, Shanghai Trade Zone covers an area of

28.78 square kilometers.Shanghai Trade Zone is located on the outskirts of Shanghai city, covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers.句型升級4 非限定性從句(重復(fù)先行詞)后一個(gè)句子用這，給，使，步聚：第一：翻譯主句

第二：逗號后面接which

第三：which+動詞+其他成份

中國人每天使用筷子，這在很多外國朋友 眼里似乎是一個(gè)奇跡。Chinese people use chopsticks everyday, which seems to be a miracle to many foreigners.這些資金用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、購買書籍，使16萬多所中小學(xué)獲益。（1406四）These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books, which benefits more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools.2008年北京奧運(yùn)會開幕式上，一位小姑娘唱起了《歌唱祖國》，給所有觀眾都留下了深刻的印象。

In the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, a little girl sang the song of Ode to Motherland, which greatly impressed all the audiences.提分句型１：時(shí)間段+witness+名詞

1949年中華人民共和國成立。

The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China

提分句型２：So+形容詞+be+主語+that+完整句子 青春是如此短暫以至于我們來不及道別。

Our youth is so transient that we have no time to bid farewell.So transient is our youth that we have no time to bid farewell.道別是如此漫長以至于我們用盡余生去遺忘。

The farewell is so long that we have to spend all the rest of our lives to forget.So long is the farewell that we have to spend all the rest of our lives to forget.提分句型３：So+副詞+do+主語+謂語+that(如果主語是復(fù)數(shù)用do,如果主語是單數(shù)用does)

他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒有時(shí)間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事。

They study so hard that they have no time to enjoy their lives and do anything else.So hard do they study that they hardly have time to enjoy their lives and do anything else.第一：讀

（1）第一遍：主干，時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)

（2）第二遍：定語，狀語

（3）第三遍：合譯句子

第二：寫

（1）寫難詞（2）寫信號詞（３）寫長句

第三：查

(1)查時(shí)態(tài)(2)查單復(fù)數(shù)

3)查漏譯

（

第五篇：北京考博英語輔導(dǎo)班講義

北京考博英語輔導(dǎo)班講義(;不斷增加中)

英語翻譯與寫作常用動賓詞組

一、政治類：

把?捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu) donate ?to charities

把?看成社會公敵 look upon ? as a threat to society 把?列為基本國策 list?..as fundamental national policies 把?作為指導(dǎo) take? as the guide

把理論和實(shí)際結(jié)合起來 integrate theory with practice ? 把握大局 grasp the overall situation

擺脫貧窮落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness

保護(hù)婦女權(quán)利不受侵犯 guarantee(protect)women’s rights against infringement

采取各種措施 adopt various measures 參政、議政 participate in the management of State affairs 充滿信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength 打破僵局 break the deadlock 打破禁區(qū) break off a forbidden zone 得出結(jié)論 draw(arrive at, come to reach)a conclusion 鍛造一支人民軍隊(duì) forge a people’s army 對?具有深遠(yuǎn)的影響 have a far-reaching impact on 對?做出重要(巨大)貢獻(xiàn) make important(great, major)contributions to

反對各種形式的恐怖主義 be opposed to all forms of terrorism 反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 高舉偉大旗幟 hold high the great banner

給?帶來機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn) present(bring)both opportunities and challenges to

根除(防止,消除)*** root out(prevent, eliminate)corruption 觀察當(dāng)今世界 observe the present-day world 緩和緊張狀況 ease the tension 回顧奮斗歷程 review the course of struggle 加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform 加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

堅(jiān)持改革開放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy

堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)一，反對分裂，增加了解，化解歧見 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences 減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān) alleviate farmer’s burden 解放思想 emancipate our minds 解決溫飽問題 solve the problem of food and clothing 解決新問題 resolve new problems

進(jìn)入世界先進(jìn)行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world 進(jìn)入新時(shí)期 enter a new period 進(jìn)行和談 hold peace talks

進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整 make strategic readjustment 就?接受妥協(xié) accept a compromise on 開發(fā)西部 remake the west 開始生效 go into effect(enter into force)開拓前進(jìn) open up new ways forward

科教興國 rejuvenate our country through science and education 理順關(guān)系 rationalize the relationship 履行權(quán)利和義務(wù) perform the responsibilities and obligations 邁出重要的一步 make an important step 熱愛和平love peace 深化改革 deepen the reform 審時(shí)度勢 size up the situation

實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展繁榮 bring about development and prosperity 實(shí)現(xiàn)民族獨(dú)立 realize national independence 實(shí)現(xiàn)夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes

實(shí)現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo) achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life

實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

實(shí)行新政策 practice new policies

受到全世界廣泛關(guān)注 attract extensive attention worldwide 縮小差別 bridge(narrow)the gap 完成中華民族的振興大業(yè) implement the revitalization of our nation 維護(hù)世界和平maintain world peace

吸收各國文明的先進(jìn)成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations

下放權(quán)力給 delegate the management of...(to...)響應(yīng)號召 respond to the call 修改法律 amend the laws 宣布?召開 announce the opening of 徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 依法治國 govern the country according to law 引起全國的關(guān)注 arouse the concern of the whole nation 引起全世界廣泛關(guān)注 attract extensive attention worldwide 贏得一個(gè)又一個(gè)勝利 win one victory after another

在?中起(至關(guān))重要作用 play a major(crucial, an important)role in 增強(qiáng)凝聚力 enhance the rally power

增強(qiáng)綜合國力和國際競爭 enhance comprehensive(overall)national strength and international competitiveness 展望偉大征程 look into the great journey 展現(xiàn)生機(jī)和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality 戰(zhàn)勝無數(shù)的困難 overcome numerous difficulties 振興西部 revive the west 振興中華民族 rejuvenate(revitalize)our nation 政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises 政企分開 separate government functions from enterprise management 政務(wù)公開 make government affairs public 主張各國政府采取行動 urge governments of all countries to take action 抓住機(jī)遇 seize the opportunity 轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能 transform(shift)the government functions 追求進(jìn)步 pursue progress 追求真理 seek the truth 走進(jìn)新時(shí)代 march(stride)into the new era.遵紀(jì)守法、廉潔奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties 遵循規(guī)則 follow the principles

二、經(jīng)濟(jì)類

愛崗敬業(yè) cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work 保持國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的良好勢頭 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy

保持國有股 keep the State-held shares

保證下崗職工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers 被指控接受賄賂 be accused of accepting bribes 采取不同的辦法 adopt various methods 采取反壟斷措施 take anti-monopoly measures 承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) bear(take)risk 籌集足夠的資金 raise enough funds(capital, proceeds)創(chuàng)收外匯 earn foreign exchange(currency)刺激國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求 spur domestic demand 刺激國內(nèi)需求 stimulate domestic demand 從粗放經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧s經(jīng)濟(jì) shift from extensive economy to intensive economy

從國外引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and

經(jīng)驗(yàn) management expertise

促進(jìn)地區(qū)間的合作 promote regional cooperation 促進(jìn)改革 promote reform

促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 foster integration with the global economy 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering

打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products(crack down on counterfeit goods)打破壟斷 break the monopoly 對?提出控告(投訴)lodge complaints against? 對?造成(構(gòu)成)威脅 form(pose)a threat to?

奪回失去的市場 take back lost market

發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢 give full play to one’s advantages 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投資環(huán)境 improve the environment for investment 趕超先進(jìn) surpass the advanced 給?帶來積極影響 bring a more positive impact on?

根據(jù)市場作出調(diào)整 gear ourselves to the market orientation 公證財(cái)產(chǎn) notarize the properties

和?達(dá)成(簽訂)協(xié)議 reach(sign)an agreement with 和?進(jìn)一步合作 further cooperation with 和?有合作關(guān)系 have cooperative ties with 活躍市場 enliven the market 集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development 計(jì)算出準(zhǔn)確的工資水平figure out an exact salary level 加快經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 speed up economic development and restructuring

加快競爭步伐 accelerate the competition 加快努力 speed up efforts

加強(qiáng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范 prepare oneself against possible risks 加強(qiáng)管理 reinforce the management 減緩?fù)ㄘ浘o縮的壓力 ease the seriousness of deflation 減輕?的負(fù)擔(dān) reduce(lighten)the burden of(on)

減員增效 downsize for efficiency;cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩 cut the ribbon 解除勞動關(guān)系 sever labor relation

解放生產(chǎn)力 emancipate the productive forces(free the productivity)精簡機(jī)構(gòu) streamline government organs 竟?fàn)幧蠉?compete for the post 舉報(bào)非法行為 disclose any illegal activities 開辟更多渠道 open more channels 開發(fā)(青睞)中國市場 tap(favor)the Chinese market 開拓市場 exploit markets

控制通貨膨脹 control inflation(keep inflation under control)擴(kuò)大貧富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor 擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)市場 expand consumption market 留職停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary

面對可能的壓力和競爭 face possible pressure and competition 牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)(的發(fā)展)balance economy 取締非法收入 ban unlawful incomes(illegal earnings)

讓?處于同一起跑線 put? on the same platform and at the same starting point

讓位于競爭需要 give way to the need for competition 申請專利 apply for a patent 實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo) realize the goal 適應(yīng)?的發(fā)展 adapt oneself to the development of 損失慘重 suffer great losses

縮小不平衡狀態(tài) decrease the imbalance 縮小?間的距離 narrow the gap between 提高公務(wù)員工資 raise the salaries of civil servants 提高管理水平raise the management level 提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living 調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) adjust the industrial structure

推廣科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial(mass)production(commercialize laboratory achievements)退還大量錢款 give back an amount of money 脫貧致富 cast(shake, throw)off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity

完善服務(wù) perfect services 為?帶來多種經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to?

為?提供巨大商機(jī) present huge business opportunities 吸收游資 absorb idle fund 吸引外商投資 attract foreign investment 下海 plunge into the commercial sea 陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble

向?投資巨額資金 invest huge amounts of money into 消滅假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品 wipe out fake products 以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心 focus on the central task of economic construction 以質(zhì)量求生存、求發(fā)展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality

優(yōu)勝劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior

優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共運(yùn)輸 give priority to the development of public transportation

有巨大潛力 have huge potential for

與國際市場接軌 integrate with the world market;become integrated into the global market

在?建立分公司 set up branches in 造成很大壓力 pose a big pressure on 造成損失 cause a loss to 增加農(nóng)業(yè)投入 invest more in agriculture 占領(lǐng)市場10% occupy(take, account for)10 percent of the market 招商引資 attract(bid for, invite)investments(from overseas)制訂?法律 make a law of

制定優(yōu)惠政策 work out favorable policy 制造假象 create smoke screens to do

阻礙?的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

handicap(hamper)the economic development 阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight(brain drain)遵循市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的規(guī)律 follow the law of market economy

三、文化生活類

把?列為世界自然文化遺產(chǎn) list ?as a world natural heritage site 擺架子(擺譜兒)put on airs(show off, keep up appearances)保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn) protect cultural heritage(relics)博采各國文化之長 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries 不注重歷史 neglect history 采取保護(hù)態(tài)度 take protective attitude 承擔(dān)應(yīng)有的義務(wù) undertake the due obligations 承前啟后，繼往開來 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past

and usher in the future 充分發(fā)揮知識分子的積極性

give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals 和創(chuàng)造性

觸擊現(xiàn)行法律的盲區(qū) touch a blank area of the existing law 創(chuàng)建衛(wèi)生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city

辭舊迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new(ring out the old year and ring in the new)

從事電子商務(wù)工作 conduct e-commerce

促進(jìn)兒童身心健康發(fā)展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally 促進(jìn)交流 promote the communication 促進(jìn)文化市場健康發(fā)展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products 促進(jìn)相互了解 enhance(further)mutual understanding 得到群眾的廣泛支持 enjoy grass-root support 抵住?的誘惑 resist the temptation of 對?持歡迎態(tài)度 take a welcoming attitude to 對?情有獨(dú)鐘 show special preference(favor)to 發(fā)揮?的聰明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom 發(fā)揮潛力 tap one’s potential 繁榮文學(xué)藝術(shù) enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art 反映中國的燦爛文化 reflect the rich culture of China 放下架子 relinquish haughty airs(get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)

腐蝕人的靈魂 poison one’s mind 改進(jìn)教學(xué) improve teaching and learning 給學(xué)生減負(fù) alleviate the burden on students 和?持相同觀點(diǎn) share views similar to 互派訪問學(xué)者 exchange visiting scholars 激發(fā)旅游熱情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling 繼承歷史文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng) carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions 加強(qiáng)文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) build more cultural establishments 講誠信，反欺詐 honor credibility and oppose cheating 交換意見 exchange views(ideas, opinions)教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people 經(jīng)受住暴風(fēng)雨的考驗(yàn) weather the storm

精心編寫教材 compile the textbooks with great care 凈化因特網(wǎng) purify the Net

舉辦文化節(jié)(展覽會)hold(conduct, give)cultural festivals(an exhibition)舉行學(xué)術(shù)會議 hold an academic meeting 開創(chuàng)假日經(jīng)濟(jì) initiate Holiday Economy 開發(fā)潛力 exploit one’s potential 開闊視野 widen one’s vision(horizon)開設(shè)課程 offer courses 開展對外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries 開展群眾性文化活動 carry out mass activities on culture 攀登事業(yè)的高峰 climb one’s career ladder 評估學(xué)業(yè)成績 evaluate academic scores(achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition

普及九年制義務(wù)教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知識，傳播科學(xué) popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread

思想，倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit 啟發(fā)學(xué)生 enlighten the students 容納三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers 掃除文盲 eliminate(wipe out)illiteracy 上網(wǎng) get on(have access to, be wired to)Internet 實(shí)施以德育為核心、以創(chuàng)新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education

精神和實(shí)踐能力為重點(diǎn)的 and emphasizing creativity and practice 素質(zhì)教育

使英語達(dá)到更高水平push one’s English to a higher level 受到?的關(guān)注 receive attention from 疏導(dǎo)游客 divert tourists 疏通關(guān)系 lubricate relationships 樹立企業(yè)良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image 刷卡, 劃卡 punch the card;stamp the card 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste(temperament)

提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle(way of life)提高公務(wù)員的綜合素質(zhì) improve the overall quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意識 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs.drugs 提高知名度 raise one’s prestige 提供受教育機(jī)會 offer a chance of education 通過資格考試 pass qualification examinations 透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì) see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推動人類文明進(jìn)步 push forward human civilization 挖墻腳 undermine the foundation of sth.(cut the ground from under sb’s feet)

物質(zhì)文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to(place equal emphasis on)the material progress and cultural(ethical)progress 相互促進(jìn) help each other forward 向世界展示中國文化建設(shè) introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to 的成就 the world 向?qū)W生傳授知識 impart knowledge to students 消除誤解 clear up misunderstanding 消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance 形成文明、健康、崇尚科學(xué) form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice 的社會風(fēng)尚

以全新的面貌進(jìn)入新世紀(jì) enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 引起激烈爭論 spark a hot debate 營造良好的文化環(huán)境 create a healthy cultural environment 影響身心健康 affect physical and psychological health 有力地推動教育的發(fā)展 give a big push to the development of education 與各國人民交往 communicate with people of all countries 增強(qiáng)自我保護(hù)意識 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right 找工作 hunt for a job 值得重視(關(guān)注)deserve one’s attention 制止盜版軟件 control the pirated software 重視(優(yōu)先考慮)教育發(fā)展 give priority to the development of education 重視實(shí)用性 place stress on practicality 尊重知識，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people

四、科技環(huán)保類

幫助減緩全球變暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生態(tài)平衡 keep ecological balance 保持水土 preserve soil and water 保護(hù)和改善生活和生態(tài)環(huán)境 protect and improve the living environment and the

保護(hù)珍稀野生動植物 protect rare wild animals and plants 保留為自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland 采用環(huán)保技術(shù) adopt environmental protection technique 采用新的開采方法 apply new exploitation methods 參加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city 參加環(huán)保運(yùn)動 take part in environmental protection activities 產(chǎn)生巨大的水文效應(yīng) produce great hydrological effects 崇尚綠色生活方式 pursue a “green” life 創(chuàng)造良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境 create a pleasant ecological environment 促進(jìn)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展 promote the sustainable development of the city 發(fā)展太陽能 develop solar energy 防治污染 prevent and control pollution 非常注重保護(hù)森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest 改善生態(tài)環(huán)境 improve the eco-environment(ecological environment)關(guān)閉化工廠 close chemical plants 加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control 加強(qiáng)城市綠化 strengthen the greening of the city 加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù) strengthen environmental protection 加強(qiáng)生態(tài)建設(shè) improve the eco-construction 加強(qiáng)水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil 堅(jiān)持門前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”

減少機(jī)動車輛 reduce the number of vehicles 減少浪費(fèi) reduce waste 揭開人類生命的奧秘 decode the secret of human life 進(jìn)一步加快環(huán)保規(guī)劃 further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚燒 prohibit burning out in the open 開展保護(hù)野生動物宣傳教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 開展綠色活動 advocate green activities 擴(kuò)建管道網(wǎng)絡(luò) expand the pipe network 普及環(huán)保知識 popularize environmental protection knowledge 竊取密碼 snatch password 竊取知識產(chǎn)權(quán) lift intellectual property

實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的機(jī)動車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) implement strict vehicle emission standards 使電腦死機(jī) crash computers 使用再生紙 use recycle paper 探索?的奧秘 probe the mysteries of

淘汰或改造燃煤鍋爐 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers 提高環(huán)境管理水平raise the environmental management level 提高居民的環(huán)保和生態(tài)意識 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness

提高清潔能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放電腦病毒 unleash viruses 完善城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 為大量野生動植物提供棲息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 為人類提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings 享受國家一級保護(hù) enjoy first-class protection of the State 削減污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants 抑制傳染病的傳播 strain the spread of infectious diseases 引發(fā)一系列的問題 result in a series of problems 預(yù)防愛滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS 增強(qiáng)環(huán)境意識 enhance the awareness of the importance of(raise the consciousness about)environmental protection 戰(zhàn)勝非典 defeat SARS

治理沙地和水土流失問題 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 注重節(jié)約資源 attach importance to saving resources

五、人口類

不服從父母 disobey their parents 倡導(dǎo)人力資源管理 advocate the management of human resources 調(diào)查性和婚姻狀況 conduct a survey on sex and marriage 對子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children 反映人們的私生活 reflect people’s private lives 鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families” 過孤獨(dú)的生活 lead an isolated life 堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育的基本國策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning

進(jìn)行全國人口普查 carry out national population census

禁止他人作克隆人的實(shí)驗(yàn) inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments 開辟人類歷史新紀(jì)元 start a new chapter in the history of human 控制人口數(shù)量(增長)control the population size(growth)實(shí)現(xiàn)向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction

自然增長的現(xiàn)代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and

產(chǎn)類型的轉(zhuǎn)變 low natural growth rate 損害人類社會的道德觀 damage the morality of human society 縮小代溝 narrow the gap 提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth 提出離婚 ask for a divorce 提高人口素質(zhì) improve the population quality 維護(hù)和促進(jìn)人民的生存權(quán) safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and 和發(fā)展權(quán) development

維護(hù)***和不斷改善***狀況 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation

享受優(yōu)越的生活條件 enjoy good living condition 顯示明顯的差異 display a marked difference 優(yōu)化人口結(jié)構(gòu) optimize the population structure 優(yōu)生優(yōu)育 bear and rear better children 占總?cè)丝诘?0% account for 10% of the total population 造成不同的思想和觀念 result in a different ideology and concepts 造福人類和科學(xué) benefit mankind and science 正確處理經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同人口、correctly handle the relationship of economic development

資源、環(huán)境的關(guān)系 versus(with)population，natural resources and environment

征求父母的意見 ask for her parents’ opinion 掙零花錢 earn their pocket money 重視人口老年化問題 pay attention to the problem of an aging population

逐漸削弱長輩的權(quán)威 undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights

六、體育類

避開與?比賽 avoid playing against 標(biāo)志一個(gè)歷史時(shí)刻 mark a historic time 表現(xiàn)完美 give some very good performance 剝奪冠軍 strip the gold medal of somebody 采取新的計(jì)分方法 adopt a new scoring system 參加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay 參加熱身賽 take part in a key warm-up game 參加申辦活動 participate in the bidding campaign 超過世界記錄 surpass the world record 成為國家的驕傲 become the pride of the nation 創(chuàng)新世界紀(jì)錄 set a new world record 達(dá)到國際體育標(biāo)準(zhǔn) reach the standard for international games 打敗比利時(shí)隊(duì) defeat Belgium 打破惡性循環(huán) break the wretched cycle 打破世界紀(jì)錄 beat(break, cut)the world record(for ?)擔(dān)任中國國家隊(duì)主教練 serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team 奪冠 take the crown 反對使用興奮劑 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs 符合舉辦奧運(yùn)會的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games 更具進(jìn)攻性 become more aggressive 鼓舞隊(duì)員的士氣 boost the morale of the team members 獲得認(rèn)可 gain recognition 獲得團(tuán)體冠軍 win the team title 激發(fā)中國青年的雄心壯志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths 急于獲勝 gain an eagerness to win 建立職業(yè)聯(lián)賽和俱樂部 set up a professional league and clubs 角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup 滿意抽簽結(jié)果 satisfy with the draw 面對強(qiáng)手 face strong rivals 鳴笛終止比賽 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match 配備各種設(shè)施 furnish and equip with all facilities 取得經(jīng)驗(yàn) gain experience

取得世界杯決賽資格 qualify for the World Cup finals 確保中國進(jìn)入決賽 ensure China’s appearance in the final 申奧 bid(apply)for being the host country of the Olympics 失去男子單打冠軍 miss out on men’s singles gold 實(shí)現(xiàn)零的突破 fulfill the zero(gold medal, medal, etc)breakthrough 使其他選手相形見絀 dwarf other athletes 使生命煥發(fā)活力 wake up one’s life 使中國以3∶2取勝 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory 提出比賽建議 make comments on the contests 提高中國隊(duì)的水平raise the level of the Chinese team 挑選選手 choose players 同教練反應(yīng)一致 share the same reaction with their coach 為奧林匹克運(yùn)動做出貢獻(xiàn) make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace 衛(wèi)冕世界冠軍 regain world champion

吸引中國大學(xué)生優(yōu)秀選手 attract China’s top university players 向世界頂級球隊(duì)學(xué)習(xí)learn from the world’s top teams 與對手較量 take on an opponent 與強(qiáng)隊(duì)競爭 compete with strong teams 增進(jìn)友誼 strengthen friendship 展示技能 demonstrate their skills 展示中國足球的最新發(fā)展 demonstrate(show)the latest development of China’s soccer 支持北京申辦2008年奧運(yùn)會 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games 主辦奧運(yùn)會 host the Olympic Games 主辦中國大學(xué)生籃球聯(lián)賽 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league 抓住練習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會 grasp the chance to practise and learn