第一篇：英語四級閱讀題中猜測詞義的方法

新東方在線 [004km.cn ]網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列

英語四級閱讀題中猜測詞義的方法

在閱讀中，我們往往會(huì)遇到一些不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或短語，或者認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞在文章中有了新意義。如果這些詞或短語不影響對文章主要內(nèi)容的理解，我們便可以將它們略過，繼續(xù)閱讀。如果了解這些詞語的意思對正確理解文章很重要，這時(shí)，我們就必須根據(jù)上下文的聯(lián)系，對它們的意義進(jìn)行猜測，使之不影響對整篇文章的閱讀和理解。需要注意的是，一個(gè)單詞通常有好幾個(gè)意思，我們要解決的是這些詞在文中所表達(dá)的意思。因此，不可脫離上下文，只根據(jù)自己以前了解的詞義來確定其意義。通常，猜測詞義可采用以下幾種方法：

一、利用所出現(xiàn)生詞的上下文與其意義上的聯(lián)系或下文進(jìn)一步的敘述，猜測詞義。

例一：

The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.如不知道vampire的詞義，從下文lives on blood(靠吸血而生存)則可得知其詞義為吸血昆蟲。

例二：

The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.如不知道spectacles的詞義，從下文“戴上'spectacles’后開始閱讀”可以猜得其詞義“眼鏡”。

二、利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。新東方在線 [004km.cn ]網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列

例三：

Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.如不知道geometric forms的意思，可從文中所列舉的三角形，正方形、圓形來猜得其意義為“幾何圖形”。

Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.如不知道appliances的意思，從文中的舉例“washing-machines(洗衣機(jī))，refrigerator(冰箱)，televisions(電視機(jī))”可以猜得該詞的意思為“家用電器”。

三、利用文中說明詞義的同位詞或定語等，猜測詞義。

例五：

The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines(潛艇)to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged.句中snorkel一詞的意思，可通過其同位語“a long air tube that reaches up to the surface”來猜得。由此，我們可確定該詞義為“通氣管”。新東方在線 [004km.cn ]網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列

例六：

The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.通過定語從句“which is used to measure electricity”(用來測量電的)，我們可將“multimeter”的詞義確定為“萬用表”。

例七：

They will be on the night shift ― from midnight to 6 a.m.― next week.由破折號之間的解釋內(nèi)容，我們可以了解到“night shift”意思為“夜班”。

四、利用文章中所出現(xiàn)的、與某生詞或詞組意思相反的內(nèi)容，猜測詞義。

例八：

American businessmen expect employees to be punctual.They do not expect that the workers will come late.文中be punctual的意思，可理解為“not come late”，即“準(zhǔn)時(shí)，不遲到”。

例九：

Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.新東方在線 [004km.cn ]網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列

根據(jù)文中“unlike……”的意思，可將gregarious理解為與文中“a shy person who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.”相反的意思，即：表示“好交際的”。

五、利用文章中用不同的話對同一概念的解釋，猜測詞義。

例十：

Should the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel.文中“regulate”的詞義可猜測為與“government control”的意思相近。

例十一：

One of the predominant concerns today is the future of our natural resources.This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever.文中“predominant”的詞義可猜測為具有與“of greatest importance”相近的意思。

例十二： 新東方在線 [004km.cn ]網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列

Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task.The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.文中“enormous”的詞義可猜測為與“so large”的意思相近。

六、利用基本的構(gòu)詞方法，猜測詞義。

例十三：

They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questions.在overestimate詞中over-是前綴，意為“過分”。因此overestimate的詞義可以猜測為“過高估計(jì)”的意思。

例十四：

We were told that our's was the most spacious room in the hotel.That was why we had to pay so much for it.Spacious是由詞根space(空間)+ious(形容詞后綴)構(gòu)成。由此我們可以猜得其大概意思為“有空間的，寬敞的”。新東方在線 [004km.cn ]網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列

然而，需要指出的是，不要花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間去試圖猜出所有生詞確切的意思，因?yàn)橛械纳~只能猜出大概的意思，有的生詞則根本無法猜出其意思。一般來說，碰到

一、兩個(gè)不會(huì)的詞，無關(guān)緊要。重要的是，要弄懂整篇文章表達(dá)了什么思想。

在閱讀理解中要求判斷詞語意義的問題，通常有下列形式：

According to the author, the word “……” means ___________.2.By “……”the author means ___________.3.Which of the following is nearest(closest)in meaning to “……”?

4.The word “……”in the passage means ___________.5.“……”is ___________.6.The word “……” most likely means ___________.

第二篇：猜測英語

上海世博

2010年中國上海世博會(huì)的舉行，將是一件能開發(fā)21世紀(jì)城市生活的全部潛能的盛事，對于城市發(fā)展也是一個(gè)重要的時(shí)刻。到2010年，世界人口的55%有望生活在城市。城市生活的前景，是全球未來的主題，事關(guān)所有國家，發(fā)達(dá)的或不發(fā)達(dá)的，和他們的國民。作為第一次以城市為主題的博覽會(huì)，2010年的博覽會(huì)將吸引來自世界各國的政府首腦和居民，關(guān)注更好的城市，更好的生活這一主題。在會(huì)展的184天，參與者將充分地展示城市文化，交流彼此發(fā)展城市的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，宣揚(yáng)城市發(fā)展先進(jìn)理念，探索在新世紀(jì)人類良好生活環(huán)境、工作方式、工作環(huán)境的新方法。他們將學(xué)會(huì)如何創(chuàng)造一個(gè)生態(tài)良好的社會(huì)環(huán)境，保持人類的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

Expo 2010 Shanghai China will be a great event to explore the full potential of urban life in the 21st century and a significant period in urban evolution.Fifty-five percent of the world population is expected to live in cities by the year 2010.The prospect of future urban life, a subject of global interest, concerns all nations, developed or less developed, and their people.Being the first World Exposition on the theme of city, Exposition 2010 will attract governments and people from across the world, focusing on the theme “Better City, Better Life.” For its 184 days, participants will display urban civilisation to the full extent, exchange their experiences of urban development, disseminate advanced notions on cities and explore new approaches to human habitat, lifestyle and working conditions in the new century.They will learn how to create an eco-friendly society and maintain the sustainable development of human beings.Shanghai is stepping up preparations for the 2010 World Exposition.So far, over 120 countries and international organizations have registered to take part.The Expo will be the first to be held in a developing country.One in ten of the registered countries and organizations will be attending a world expo for the first time.Miomir Udovicki, Serbian ambassador to China, said, “It's a good opportunity for us to present Serbia to the outside world.” France was the first country to register for the Shanghai Expo.The French government has organized a working group for the event, made up of members of the government and French companies.Thierry Mathou, French Consul General in Shanghai, said, “We are busy preparing for the expo.We hope that can showcase the fruitful cooperation between China and France.” So far, six corporations have signed agreement to be global partners for the Shanghai expo.People who used to live in the area where the expo will be held have all moved to new houses.Organizers say they are confident about the upcoming event.Hua Junduo, Commissioner General, said, “The international community's reaction shows it accepts China's peaceful development.Many countries have expressed their confidence that China will have a better future.” Organizers say they hope the expo will showcase China's peaceful development to people around the world.And they expect the expo will provide a opportunity for cross-cultural dialogue.廣州亞運(yùn)會(huì)

Daer Jack :Hello Jack!I'm very gald to write the letter for you.Do you know

1the 16th Asian Olympic Games to hold in Guangzhou China ? I'm very happy and exctied to hear that.What about you ? Let me introduce about the Guangzhou Asian Olympic for you.I hope you can take part in the Guangzhou Asian Olympic Games after my introduce.In the past.Guangzhou doesn't very well of some place.For exmple ： Guangzhou has a lot of car so the airdoesn‘t very well.People don’t pay attention to clean and throw rubbish to the ground.We think a lot of way in it.We plant some trees and flowers near the pavement ．People plant flowers in their hometoo.we leaflet a rally about clean and polite.I'm very happy!Then people are cleaner and cleaner and politer and politer than before.Guangzhou food is very famous.You can eat different kind of food in Guangzhou.I like Guangzhou food best.I hope you can eat Gangzhou food with me.Then we watch the wonderful matches together.I think this is very interesting.I can become your guide.would you like to take part in the Guangzhou Asian Olympic Games？

親愛的JACK，很高興寫信給你，你知道地16屆的亞運(yùn)會(huì)在中國的廣州舉行嗎？聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)我真的很高興，很激動(dòng)。你呢？讓我介紹有關(guān)于廣州亞運(yùn)的的事給你聽聽吧。希望你聽了我的介紹后能參加亞運(yùn)。在過去，廣州有一些地方還不是很好，例如：廣州太多車輛了，使得空氣不怎么好。有些人不太主意衛(wèi)生，隨地亂丟垃圾。我們在這方面想了很多辦法。我們在馬路邊種樹，人們也在家里種花。我們還宣傳有關(guān)文明和衛(wèi)生。然后人們比起以前更加衛(wèi)生和文明了,我非常高興。廣州的食物也很出名，我們能在廣州吃到各種各樣的東西，我也很喜歡廣州的食物，希望我能和你一起去吃一下，然后就去看精彩的亞運(yùn)，我想那很有趣，我還能當(dāng)你的導(dǎo)游，你愿意參加廣州的亞運(yùn)嗎？

亞運(yùn)再次選擇中國，又一次證明了我們偉大祖國在國際社會(huì)具有的重要地位和良好的信譽(yù)；亞運(yùn)選擇了廣州，證明了古老廣州的恢弘氣度和現(xiàn)代化廣州的無窮魅力。

這是廣州人民的驕傲，也是全體中華兒女的驕傲！2001年的全國“九運(yùn)”換來了廣州的“中變”；2010年，肯定是廣州歷史發(fā)展的里程碑，“亞運(yùn)”將換來一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化大都市。

我們要見證廣州歷史上這一難忘的時(shí)刻。新的征途把“更高、更快、更強(qiáng)”的奧林匹克精神與廣州人精神完美結(jié)合，傾情演繹“祥和、綠色、文明”的“亞運(yùn)”新主題；傾情演繹科學(xué)發(fā)展觀指導(dǎo)下廣州發(fā)展的新軌跡！

Asian Olympic Games chooses China once more, once again had proven our great motherland the important position which and the good prestige has in the international society;Asian Olympic Games has chosen Guangzhou, has proven the ancient Guangzhou's broad bearing and the modernized Guangzhou's infinite charm.From Joozone.com.This is Guangzhou people's pride, is also all China's youth's pride!the 2001 year's nation “nine transported” trades Guangzhou “changes”;in 2010, definitely is Guangzhou historical development milestone, “Asian Olympic Games” will trade a modernized metropolis.we want in the testimony Guangzhou history this unforgettable time.The new battle path “is higher, is quicker, is stronger” the Olympics spirit and Guangzhou person spirit unifies perfectly, leans “auspiciously the sentiment deduction, the green, the civilization”“Asian Olympic Games”the new subject;Leans new path which under the sentiment deduction scientific development concept instruction Guangzhou develops!

醫(yī)療改革

中國醫(yī)改要遏制醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)收(中英文對照)

美聯(lián)社報(bào)道，中國正計(jì)劃對公立醫(yī)院進(jìn)行重大改革——由于看病難，費(fèi)用高昂，醫(yī)生服務(wù)質(zhì)量差，公共醫(yī)院備受詬病。公立醫(yī)院改革是百姓期盼了許久的國民醫(yī)療制度的一個(gè)組成部分。

China plans a major revamp of its public hospitals — criticized for their lack of access, huge fees and poor doctor services — as part of its long-awaited reform of the national health care system, AP reported.新華社周五報(bào)道稱，衛(wèi)生部長陳竺表示，此次改革的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)在于改變醫(yī)院的營利模式。Health Minister Chen Zhu said a key part of the reform will be aimed at changing the way hospitals make profits, Xinhua News Agency reported Friday.媒體援引周四陳竺在一次全國衛(wèi)生工作會(huì)議上的發(fā)言稱，“中國的目標(biāo)是，向13億百姓提供普遍的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，因此公立醫(yī)院必須改革。”

“As China aims to provide universal medical service to 1.3 billion people, state-run hospitals must be overhauled,” Chen was quoted as saying at a national health meeting Thursday.報(bào)道稱，20世紀(jì)90年代初，中國對醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度進(jìn)行了改革，將一項(xiàng)由國家報(bào)銷90%醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的制度改為現(xiàn)在只報(bào)銷約17%。

China changed its health care system in the early 1990s, scrapping a system under which the government covered more than 90 percent of medical expenses to where they now only cover about 17 percent, the report said.從那之后，公立醫(yī)院的運(yùn)營費(fèi)用主要依賴醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)費(fèi)用以及藥品處方費(fèi)用。

Public hospitals have since mainly relied on profits from medical services and drug prescriptions for their operating expenses.陳表示，這種以利潤為導(dǎo)向的管理方法給病人造成了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)，也導(dǎo)致了醫(yī)療資源的浪費(fèi)。

This profit-driven method of management has meant “heavy burdens on patients and led to a waste of medical resources,” Chen said.他說，我們的目標(biāo)是通過切斷醫(yī)院與藥品銷售的關(guān)系，來降低藥品價(jià)格，醫(yī)療用品價(jià)格以及體驗(yàn)費(fèi)用。

“We aim to cut hospitals' involvement with drug sales to cut drug prices, medical supply prices and physical checkup fees,” he said.報(bào)道稱，改革將首先在幾個(gè)城市進(jìn)行3年的試點(diǎn)。

The reforms will be rolled out in several cities as part of a three-year pilot program, the report said.陳并沒有給出試點(diǎn)城市的數(shù)目和名字，但他表示，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃將會(huì)成為全國方案的基礎(chǔ)。Chen did not give the number or names of the cities but said the program is expected to be the basis for the nationwide plan.該方案要求政府向公立醫(yī)院的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、醫(yī)療設(shè)備、學(xué)術(shù)科研、醫(yī)師培訓(xùn)以及退休人員的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用提供補(bǔ)貼。

The plan calls for the government to provide subsidies for public hospital infrastructure, medical equipment, academic research, physician training, and health costs for retirees.在未來3年內(nèi)，中央政府還將支持興建約2000所縣級醫(yī)院，實(shí)施工作今年啟動(dòng)。

The central government will also support construction of about 2,000 county-level hospitals over the next three years, with work scheduled to start this

year.衛(wèi)生部表示，目標(biāo)就是保證每個(gè)縣都擁有至少一所具有全國水準(zhǔn)的醫(yī)院。

The goal is to ensure each county has at least one hospital operating at national standards, the Health Ministry said.公立醫(yī)院改革方案只是中國期待了很久的醫(yī)療改革方案的一部分。

The plan for public hospitals is only one part of China's long-awaited medical reform program.其他將要改革的領(lǐng)域包括醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)以及公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。

Other areas set to be reformed are medical insurance, basic medical services and public health services.陳表示，完整的方案將于近期發(fā)布。

The whole official plan will be issued in the near future, Chen said.自從2006年以來，中國政府一直在就醫(yī)改進(jìn)行討論。

China has been debating health care reform since 2006.去年由國家發(fā)改委提出的草案被指過于寬泛。

A draft issued last year by the National Development and Reform Commission was criticized for being too general.物價(jià)文章

Growing inflationary pressure on the Chinese mainland, led by rising food prices, is driving mainland buyers to Hong Kong to fill their shopping carts.More and more residents in Guangdong province, especially Shenzhen, have in the past few weeks been queuing to cross the border into Hong Kong to buy sugar, salt, soybean sauce and even tissue paper in bulk to cushion increasing pressure from rising food prices at home.隨著物價(jià)飛漲，一些大陸居民迫于通貨膨脹的壓力，而選擇赴港購物。在過去的幾周內(nèi)，由于本土物價(jià)上漲幅度較大，越來越多的廣東居民在通關(guān)口岸處排起長龍，前往香港大批采購白糖，食鹽，醬油，甚至是餐巾紙等日用品。

While prices are rising so fast, many people are worrying out ways to cut down their expenditures.物價(jià)高漲不下，人們便開始千方百計(jì)地尋求節(jié)省開支的妙招了。

Du Zhenqi, an 80-year-old resident in Beijing`s Chaoyang district, expressed his sympathy for the people who took away his towel gourds without permission.80歲高齡的北京朝陽區(qū)居民杜振祺（音譯）在說到有路人偷摘了自己種的絲瓜時(shí)，反而帶有一絲同情之心。

Every year Du plants towel gourds in the community yard for ornament.But this year, before they turned ripe, they were all picked by his neighbors for food.杜大爺每年都會(huì)在社區(qū)院子里種些絲瓜，美化社區(qū)?？山衲?，還沒等絲瓜成熟，就被鄰居們摘去炒菜了。

“The prices of many kinds of vegetables, not only the towel gourds, have gone up dramatically,” said Du.“So I understand those people and it pleased me to offer my help to them.”

杜大爺說：“不僅僅是絲瓜，很多蔬菜都漲價(jià)了，價(jià)格貴的離譜。所以我也不怪他們，反而覺得這是在助人為樂?！?/p>

The food price surge in China has made residents with low incomes feel serious financial pressure and forced them to spend wisely.食品物價(jià)上漲使低收入群體感到經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力倍增，他們不得不精打細(xì)算了。

An online collection of practical money-saving hints is thus becoming increasingly popular among Chinese netizens.If you search “money-saving strategies” in Baidu, China`s most popular search engine, you will find 4.27 million entries in 0.19 seconds.這樣一來，就有越來越多的網(wǎng)友在網(wǎng)上曬各種實(shí)用的省錢妙招。如果在百度輸入“省錢攻略”，不到0.19秒你便可以搜出427萬個(gè)相關(guān)頁面。

The collection provides tips such as choosing local and seasonal products, avoiding buying vegetables on rainy or snowy days when higher transport costs increase prices, using e-commerce websites for purchases, and planting vegetables on the balcony.省錢妙招可謂五花八門，比如夠買本地出產(chǎn)的應(yīng)季產(chǎn)品；盡量不在雨雪天買菜，因?yàn)樘鞖鈵毫訒r(shí)運(yùn)輸費(fèi)也會(huì)增加，到時(shí)羊毛全都出在羊身上；通過網(wǎng)上購物；還有在陽臺(tái)上做“自耕農(nóng)”。

Some netizens consider buying in bulk to stay within a tight budget.為了節(jié)約開銷，更多的人則會(huì)選擇團(tuán)購。

Fei Yuqin, who lives in Jiading district in Shanghai, frequently hurries to a farmers` market before 6 am to buy large amounts of vegetables for her family and neighbors.“Instead of buying small amounts, I buy large amounts of vegetables at the market and get a 50-percent discount.”

上海嘉定區(qū)的居民費(fèi)玉琴（音譯）經(jīng)常是早上6點(diǎn)去農(nóng)貿(mào)市場大量批發(fā)蔬菜，自家和鄰居拼購。她表示：“去農(nóng)貿(mào)市場批發(fā)比散買要便宜一半多呢。”

With these online tips, many people have become experts in cutting household expenses.However, financial pressure caused by the current round of price hikes still afflicts many Chinese people, just like the situation described in a popular song called China`s Price.有了這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的省錢寶典支招，很多人已經(jīng)深得節(jié)省花銷、精明度日之道了。但物價(jià)上漲所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力還是使得許多人叫苦不堪，正像那首《中國價(jià)》里唱的。

“A student surnamed Guo spent 60,000 yuan($8,996)for college education.He earned 1,000 yuan per month after graduation.No house and no car, let alone get married.”

“有個(gè)學(xué)生叫小郭，大學(xué)花了六萬多；畢業(yè)了，找工作，每月工資一千多；沒有房，別提車，結(jié)婚更是沒著落?！?/p>

注釋:

inflationary 通貨膨脹的cross the border 跨境

cushion 起緩沖作用afflict 折磨，使痛苦

法制建設(shè)

大多數(shù)西方學(xué)者對中國這次新的法制化運(yùn)動(dòng)的成功持樂觀態(tài)度，但他卻持謹(jǐn)慎的懷疑主義。中國 50 年代中期和 60 年代初期都曾發(fā)起過法制化運(yùn)動(dòng)，但最后以文化革命告終。國民黨人 20 年代、30 年代企圖建立一個(gè)新的西方式的法律體系，也遇到相當(dāng)大的困難。由于法律專業(yè)人員的缺乏，基礎(chǔ)薄弱，厭惡法律的心理以及任務(wù)艱巨，中國新建立的法律體系不可能在短期內(nèi)產(chǎn)生明顯的、實(shí)質(zhì)性的結(jié)果。他預(yù)測在幾年之后，中國對法律作用的強(qiáng)調(diào)可能會(huì)衰退。他奉勸那些對中國文化根本不了解的西方法學(xué)家，不要用西方的法律觀念看待中國的法制建設(shè)，不要使對中國法制發(fā)展的預(yù)測受到西方人對正規(guī)化法律的偏好的影響。他提出，如果中國的法律設(shè)計(jì)者采取一種更漸進(jìn)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，較低的期望值，減少資源需要，在根本上遵循一條半法律的“赤腳法律工作者”的路線，中國的法制化運(yùn)動(dòng)就可能成功。

Most Western scholars of China's legal system in this new campaign is optimistic

about the success, but he was cautious skepticism.China's mid-50s and early 60s have been launched legal movement, but in the end to the Cultural Revolution ended.Nationalists, 20 years, 30 years trying to build a new Western-style legal system, has encountered considerable difficulties.Because of the lack of legal professionals, foundation is weak, the psychological aversion to the law and arduous task of the newly established legal system in China can not be obvious in the short term and substantial results.He predicted a few years, China stressed the role of law may be a recession.He advised those who do not understand the Chinese culture and Western jurists, do not use the legal concept of the West view China's legal system, not to predict the development of the Chinese legal system formalized the law by Westerners preferences.He suggested that if the designer of China's legal to take a more gradual development strategy, lower expectations and reduce the resources necessary to follow the fundamental law of a half of the “barefoot lawyers” line, movement of China's legal system likely to succeed.房價(jià)問題

The Housing Problem-住房問題 the housing problem-關(guān)于城市住房問題的英語作文The housing problem is one of the main problems in our life.Generally speaking, this problem is most strongly felt in Big cities.It is conlnlon knowledge that Big cities tend to grow Bigger and Bigger.Yet if a city grows without control, it will undoubtedly Become overcrowded and the city authorities will be unable to find enough funds and space to build enough houses for the residents.In order to solve the housing problem,first we have to control the rapid growth of the urban population.And in the meantime, we must try to make faster progress in our industrial production.In this way we'll be able to accumulate more funds to build a lot of new houses in a short period of time.Although the government has tried hard to solve this problem and block upon block of new apartment buildings have appeared in recent years,the housing problem will still exist for a long time。

我國房地產(chǎn)市場發(fā)展仍難以擺脫外界經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的影響。決定房市走勢的另一個(gè)重要因素是國家救經(jīng)濟(jì)、救房市的政策措施。應(yīng)當(dāng)說，去年10月份以來中央和地方政府救經(jīng)濟(jì)、救房市的態(tài)度是鮮明的，力度還在不斷增加中，那么，是否意味著2009年房地產(chǎn)市場因此會(huì)觸底反彈，步入下一輪增長周期呢？楊紅旭認(rèn)為，政策利好難以在2009年迅速轉(zhuǎn)化成市場回暖的實(shí)效。原因很簡單，絕大部分政策其效力顯現(xiàn)都需要一個(gè)過程，存在滯后期。任何一次調(diào)控，都需要經(jīng)歷幾年，出臺(tái)的諸多政策才會(huì)收到顯著成效。

China's real estate market is still difficult to get rid of the external economic environment.Determine the trend of the housing market is another important factor is the country to save the economy, save the housing market policy measures.It should be said, since last October the central and local government to save the economy, save the housing market's attitude is clear, and efforts are constantly increasing, then, does that mean in 2009 the real estate market bottomed out therefore, into the next Round of the growth cycle it? Yang Hongxu that good policy is difficult to rapidly transformed in 2009 into the effectiveness of market recovery.The reason is simple, most policies have shown their effectiveness is a process, there is lag.Any one control, all need to experience a few years, introduced many policies will receive significant results.

第三篇：Cmakog雅思閱讀中的詞義猜測

生命中，不斷地有人離開或進(jìn)入。于是，看見的，看不見的；記住的，遺忘了。生命中，不斷地有得到和失落。于是，看不見的，看見了；遺忘的，記住了。然而，看不見的，是不是就等于不存在？記住的，是不是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失？

如果隨便翻閱雅思閱讀真題，我們常常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它涉及的詞匯廣度難度絕對不容小覷，甚至出現(xiàn)在GRE紅寶書里的超強(qiáng)詞匯也會(huì)頻頻亮相。于是，不少同學(xué)在初識(shí)雅思時(shí)都會(huì)產(chǎn)生畏難情緒，滋生出恐懼感和心理劣勢。但其實(shí)，即使讓英語程度已經(jīng)非常不錯(cuò)的人去參加雅思考試，他們也一定會(huì)遇到許多的生詞，卻并不影響他們得到高分。也就是說，雅思對我們詞匯量的要求并不高，但卻需要我們具備猜測關(guān)鍵單詞的詞義的能力。

標(biāo)題里的生詞

標(biāo)題里的生詞就如戰(zhàn)爭中的敵方首都，非攻克不可。雅思閱讀文章的長度可謂臭名昭著，20分鐘讀完1000字并且完成14道題目絕非易事，所以標(biāo)題的清晰掌握有助于短時(shí)間之內(nèi)對文章內(nèi)容的理解。同時(shí)，如果標(biāo)題中出現(xiàn)的單詞有推斷不出詞義的情況的話，往往代表考生基本詞匯有欠缺。

首先，全文首句是進(jìn)一步理解標(biāo)題最好的地方。劍橋5有篇文章‘The Impact of Wilderness Tourism’中的wilderness一詞，同學(xué)總是第一反應(yīng)就是野外郊外旅游，例如野炊、農(nóng)家樂之類。但全文首句‘The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before’讓所有同學(xué)都認(rèn)識(shí)到其實(shí)remote areas是對它最好的說明，而這跟最初的猜測還是不同的。當(dāng)然，也常有同學(xué)不認(rèn)識(shí)remote這個(gè)單詞，但是，在全文第二句，它再次給了清楚的例子：such as mountains，Arctic lands，deserts，small islands and wetlands。其實(shí)，通過這個(gè)例子也不難看出，雅思絕對不是個(gè)難為人的考試，如果遇到一個(gè)生詞，一定能夠通過各種方法猜測出來；而如果不能，那么就代表認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)詞的人比較變態(tài)了。

另一個(gè)雅思里常見的幫助理解標(biāo)題的途徑就是插圖了。劍橋4里的‘Alternative Medicine in Australia’是個(gè)不容易理解的標(biāo)題，但是旁邊配的照片里一個(gè)中國人拿著一把小小的稱，后面的柜子有無數(shù)個(gè)小抽屜，這樣一來，結(jié)合alternative二選一的這個(gè)意思，幾乎所有同學(xué)都能理解，題目就是說澳大利亞的中醫(yī)。再例如文章‘The nature and aims of Archaeology’，正是因?yàn)榕赃叺膱D片里一個(gè)人趴在地下用小刷子挖掘恐龍化石，于是人人知道文章說的是考古學(xué)。

定義與解釋

最簡單的方式就是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的定義型句型。例如：Anthropology is the study of humanity。但更多的情況下，be known as / be called / be referred to as更頻繁出現(xiàn)。例如：

A representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as corpus.The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism.Plants which do not respond to light levels are referred to as day-neutral plants.其次，同位語也是理解詞義的大幫手?？梢允峭徽Z從句也可以是同位語本身：

One solution is car-pooling, an arrangement in which a number of people who share the same destination share the use of one car.…plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.中華考試網(wǎng)

…cetaceans, the group of mammals comprising whales, dolphins and porpoises.而且，有些詞組也可以提供解釋信息，例如in other words，that is，that is to say等。值得提醒的是一個(gè)常出現(xiàn)但是絕大部分同學(xué)不知道的縮寫i.e.，其實(shí)就是that is to say。例如出現(xiàn)在這個(gè)句子里：

These regions are fragile i.e.highly vulnerable to abnormal pressure not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants.or也是個(gè)特別值得大家注意的單詞。大部分時(shí)間它表示二選一，但其實(shí)也可以表示解釋關(guān)系：

Dryness, or aridity as geographers call it, …

Dung is the droppings or excreta of animals.這兩個(gè)句子里aridity就等于dryness，excreta就是droppings，只不過相對于后者它是更加學(xué)術(shù)化的專業(yè)詞匯而已。

此外，破折號、冒號和括號這三個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號在雅思里幾乎可以等同起來，絕大部分情況下都是表示解釋說明的關(guān)系。這種情況下，符號前后看懂一個(gè)即可。

句子關(guān)系

最有效也最頻繁出現(xiàn)的就是轉(zhuǎn)折句，強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折造成的對比，讓我們知其一就能猜其二。例如句子‘The Americans cannot experience reality but thrive on the pseudo-events.’中，不為多數(shù)人所知的pseudo就是根據(jù)一個(gè)but我們很容易推測出來它必然和reality是一對反義詞。

另一個(gè)例子：

Dark colours give an aura of authority while lighter shades suggest approachability.這個(gè)句子里，while放在中間，我們知道前后半句造成對照關(guān)系，必然找得到反義詞：authority和approachability；而dark和lighter形成對比，那么后半句shade這里就不是陰影這個(gè)我們熟悉的意思而是和前半句的colour做了替換；最后aura這個(gè)詞認(rèn)識(shí)的人也不多，但同處在位于的位置，于是不難推斷出give an aura of與suggest意思一致。

更復(fù)雜的例子可以是這兩個(gè)句子：

Geologists consider the earth as having a molten core, surrounded by a semi-molten mantle and a brittle, outer skin.It helps to think of a soft-boiled egg with a runny yolk, a firm but squishy white and a hard shell.這篇描述火山的文章里，作者為了形象說明火山的成因把火山與煮得半熟得雞蛋做了類比。前句說的是火山的構(gòu)造，后句談的是雞蛋。一經(jīng)對照，不難找出這么幾對關(guān)系：

molten core → runny yolk

semi-molten mantle → firm but squishy white

brittle outer skin → hard shell

這樣理解的話，根據(jù)core地心這個(gè)簡單詞，大家能夠猜出yolk應(yīng)該是蛋黃；而后半句里簡單的runny流動(dòng)的這個(gè)詞可以幫助理解molten。而firm既然是硬的，but決定了squishy則必然是軟的，或者根據(jù)semi－molten就是semi－runny，那么squishy還可能是半流動(dòng)的。最后，hard解釋了brittle也就很容易理解了。

猜 → 拆→ 拼

前綴、后綴和詞根的把握對于詞義猜測的作用毋庸質(zhì)疑，這正如中文里可以認(rèn)字認(rèn)一半的道理是一樣的，就算不能準(zhǔn)確把握，八九不離十總是可以的。所以遇到生詞可以首先把它拆分成認(rèn)識(shí)的幾個(gè)部分然后進(jìn)行詞義猜測。例如photoperiodism，photo詞根表示光，period是周期，ism結(jié)尾表示抽象化、現(xiàn)象，那么這個(gè)單詞就是光周期現(xiàn)象。

有時(shí)候拆開之后還是不認(rèn)識(shí)，這時(shí)候可以嘗試把它再拼成認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞。例如subordination，sub大家都知道表示副、亞、次、之下等，nation看起來象是名詞構(gòu)成而已，中間的ord很容易讓大家聯(lián)想到一個(gè)簡單的order，那么詞猜出來表示下級、附屬物也就不是難事了。

具體一道題目說明的話有這么一個(gè)例子，有道true / false / not given問：Sydney is a quiet and graceful city。文章里定位到的句子談到Sydney是個(gè)bustle and brashness的city。這是兩個(gè)絕大部分同學(xué)都不認(rèn)的單詞，bustle大家可以拆出bus這個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)的部分，加個(gè)y變成busy也是簡單的不能再簡單的單詞，無論公共汽車還是繁忙都不太與問題中的安靜優(yōu)美沾邊；至于brashness這個(gè)單詞，人人知道要拆成brash和ness，問題在于brash沒幾個(gè)人認(rèn)識(shí)，于是ness這個(gè)名詞的尾巴也只能惆悵的搖搖而已。但是，and對這兩個(gè)詞進(jìn)行了并列的連接，一般情況下表示這兩個(gè)詞義應(yīng)該為方向一致。這樣一番思考的話，就不難推斷出bustle、brashness與quiet、graceful相反了。

單詞為閱讀立身之本，有了詞匯才用得上閱讀技巧和略。而單詞是背不完的，靈活使用各種各樣的猜測詞義的方法，利用有限的詞匯量猜測出無限的單詞含義這才是通向閱讀高分的有效途徑。

第四篇：英語四級聽力真題中如何考場景詞？

英語四級培訓(xùn)：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1820/ 英語四級一對一咨詢qq：1613508081

四級想要聽力考好，確實(shí)需要一定技巧。不過那也是一種輔助作用。當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)對話或者短文基本聽懂的時(shí)候，無需技巧也可以做的不錯(cuò)。而應(yīng)試考試特別好的是它有范圍，當(dāng)你范圍內(nèi)的主要場景詞明確之后，聽起來就輕松了，加上一些解題技巧，正確率一定會(huì)很高的，這就是實(shí)力。

下面大家一起來看看四級聽力真題中如何考場景詞吧：

<一>, 首先就拿四六級考的最多的工作場景的某些場景詞舉例。

例1：2005-12-10(四級小對話)

錄音原文：

M：You know the electronics company is coming to our campus to recruit graduate students next week.W: Really? What day? I'd like to talk to them and hand in my resume.Q: What does the woman want to do?

正確選項(xiàng)：Apply for a job in the electronics company

解析：resume是工作場景當(dāng)中一個(gè)非常常見的詞，意思是簡歷，這個(gè)女士說要遞交簡歷，簡歷是用來找工作的啊，所以resume推出apply for a job(申請一份工作)，那顯然這個(gè)題其實(shí)就考大家對簡歷這個(gè)場景詞的熟悉度。

例2：2006-12-19(四級長對話)

A)To make a business report to the woman.B)To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C)To resign from his position in the woman's company.D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.錄音原文：

W: Please have a seat.Mr.Sanders.I've received your resume last week and was very impressed.M: Thank you.解析：錄音原文為這篇長對話的第一輪對話，其實(shí)只要大家聽到這里女士話中提到的場景詞resume就足夠了，兩個(gè)人對話，一個(gè)人提及另外一個(gè)人的簡歷怎么怎么樣，大家想這不就是在面試嘛。所以resume提示be interviewed for a job(B選項(xiàng))為正確選項(xiàng)。例3：2002-6-10(四級小對話)

錄音原文：

M: I spent so much time polishing my letter of application.W: It's worthwhile to make the effort.You know just how important it is to give a good impression

Q: what do we know about the man?

正確選項(xiàng)：He wants to get a new position

解析：這個(gè)題只要大家熟悉這個(gè)場景詞組(letter of application)申請信，也就是求職信，大家就會(huì)明白一定是找工作，選項(xiàng)中的場景詞position 意思是職位 = post = job，所以答案就出來了。

例4：2011-12-15(六級小對話)

錄音原文：

W: Have you heard the news that James Meil has resigned his post as Prime minister?

M: Well, I got it from the headlines this morning.It's reported that he made public his decision at the last cabinet meeting.英語四級培訓(xùn)：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1820/ 英語四級一對一咨詢qq：1613508081

Q: What do we learn about James Meil?

正確選項(xiàng)：He has left his position in the government.解析：大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)題其實(shí)還是考察大家對場景詞的熟悉度，只要大家聽到resigned his post 就夠了。resign辭職= left，post = position職位的意思，前面四級例題就提過，所以答案就可以直接選了。

例5：2010-12-15(六級小對話)

錄音原文：

M: I think your boss would be very upset when he gets your letter of resignation.W: that may be so.But in the letter, I just told him frankly I could no longer live with his poor management and stupid decisions.Q: what do we learn about the woman?

正確選項(xiàng)：She has made up her mind to resign.解析：這個(gè)題考的就是場景詞組 letter of resignation(辭職信)，只要大家熟悉這個(gè)詞組并且聽到，一定就能選對。

<二>,以上談到工作場景大家可能還比較熟悉，下面拿一個(gè)大家可能并不重視的小單詞來舉例。

nuisance ['nju?s(?)ns] 討厭的人或東西(大家可以讀音聯(lián)想去記：讀音像牛神--牛鬼蛇神--討厭的人或東西)

例1：2008-6-13(六級小對話)

錄音原文：

M: I hear John left his cat in your care while he's on vacation abroad.How are you getting along with it?

W: Well, it never comes when I call it.It spills its food and sheds all over the place.I can't wait till John gets back.Q: How does the woman find the cat?

正確選項(xiàng)：A real nuisance.分析：原文劃線句說，貓把食物撒的到處都是，已經(jīng)等不及讓John, 也就是它的主人趕緊把貓領(lǐng)走了。這不就說明這個(gè)女士被貓折磨的不行了，那答案就出來了。但關(guān)鍵大家必須先認(rèn)識(shí)和熟悉nuisance這個(gè)詞，對吧?

例2：08-12-24(六級長對話)

錄音原文：

W: Say? Hold on.Peter.I thought you said your organization was non-violent, what do you mean by “harass”?

M: Well, we circle round and round the ships and get in the way when they try to dump the drums of nuclear waste in the sea.We talk to the men and try to change, you know, yell at them to stop.We generally make ourselves as much of a nuisance as possible.Q: How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?正確選項(xiàng)：By harassing them.解析：這個(gè)題大家可以通過聽到女士提到的Harass(騷擾)原詞做出來，如果沒有聽到的話，大家熟悉nuisance，原文這句話說“通常我們盡可能讓我們自己變成讓他們討厭的人”，那選項(xiàng)提到不停騷擾他們肯定就是非常讓人討厭的啊，這樣考慮也是可以做出來的。例3: 2013-12-16(六級短文聽力)

錄音原文：

In America, white-tailed deer are more numerous than ever before, so abundant in fact that they've become a suburban nuisance and a health hazard.Q: What do we learn about white-tailed deer in North Haven?

正確選項(xiàng)：They have become a headache to the community.解析：問題問通過文章對North Haven地區(qū)白尾鹿有什么了解，原文提到他們成為了郊區(qū)令人討厭的動(dòng)物，那不就是讓人頭疼的東西嘛，become a suburban nuisance = headache，所以做對這個(gè)題的前提還是大家熟悉nuisance這個(gè)詞。

通過以上例題，希望大家能明白兩件事情，首先場景詞的積累是大家提高聽力實(shí)力的捷徑，大家需要好好對待。其次，大家要明白真題的重復(fù)特點(diǎn)，一定好好做真題，反復(fù)做!大家明白場景詞的重要性之后，場景詞從哪兒來呢，有的老師會(huì)給大家用詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件，機(jī)械性的統(tǒng)計(jì)詞頻，我個(gè)人覺得用處不大。比如詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件統(tǒng)計(jì)出來的高頻詞一定要背嗎?可能是非常簡單的詞，根本不是考點(diǎn)，但是詞頻非常低的單詞呢?就比如第一次出現(xiàn)nuisance，大家可能說不用管，但是后來這樣的詞還是會(huì)反復(fù)考察。

第五篇：大學(xué)英語四級翻譯解題方法

大學(xué)英語四級漢譯英方法總結(jié)

一、漢譯英簡介

在四級新題型考試中，翻譯題所占分值為5%。由5個(gè)句子組成，要求考生將句子的一部分由中文翻譯成英文。它考查的內(nèi)容主要包括兩部分，一是意群的表達(dá)，二是句法。

漢譯英主要的考點(diǎn)有：固定結(jié)構(gòu)的用法、詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換、語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換、長短句之間的轉(zhuǎn)化和詞語選擇的恰當(dāng)性。

二、漢譯英解題步驟

知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。若想在這一全新的題型上得高分，考生必須首先透徹地了解它的形式和要求，摸清命題人的思路，有針對性地復(fù)習(xí)、練習(xí)。大學(xué)英語四級考試的漢譯英部分包含五個(gè)句子，每句話都由一部分漢語和一部分英語構(gòu)成，要求考生將其中的漢語部分翻譯成英語，與所給英語部分構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子。針對這部分題型的特點(diǎn)和中國學(xué)生在翻譯訓(xùn)練中常犯的錯(cuò)誤，我們?yōu)榭忌贫俗龊脻h譯英的四步法。

（一）通讀全句，確定語法成分

漢譯英題型中的漢語和英語部分共同構(gòu)成了一個(gè)完整的達(dá)意單位，不能將其割裂開來。同時(shí)，由于兩種語言之間的語法結(jié)構(gòu)相去甚遠(yuǎn)，考生不應(yīng)該將漢語部分直接翻譯成英語，而是要首先閱讀整個(gè)句子，確定要求翻譯的部分在整個(gè)英語句子中的語法成分。

例如：_____________________________________________（她目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著窗外），she told us that our friend Tom had died in the air crash．

解析：很多學(xué)生看到給出的漢語部分是一個(gè)完整的主謂句，就想當(dāng)然地將其翻譯成一個(gè)英文的簡單句。但仔細(xì)研究逗號以后的英文部分我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一部分才是句子的主干。由于英文中的逗號沒有連接兩個(gè)分句的功能，而本句逗號后面沒有連接詞，因此劃線部分不是一個(gè)句子，而是一個(gè)狀語成分。由此可知，我們必須使用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?？山邮艿拇鸢赴ǎ篕eeping her eyes fixed out of the window；Staring out of the win-low；With her eyes fixed out the window；Her eyes fixed out of the window等。

（二）審查時(shí)態(tài)，決定表達(dá)方式

確定語法成分以后，考生要有意識(shí)地審查時(shí)態(tài)，要特別注意句中的時(shí)間狀語，并對照所給英語部分的時(shí)態(tài)。此外，還應(yīng)該根據(jù)漢語意思推斷出題人想考查的語法或詞匯項(xiàng)目，避免將漢語詞匯逐個(gè)機(jī)械地翻譯成英語的情況。

例如：Since we're here ________________________________（我們不如四處看看）．

解析：首先通讀全句，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)Since we're here是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，意思是“既然我們在這里”，因此劃線部分應(yīng)該是主句，有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。隨后我們開始分析漢語表達(dá)，“不如（做……）”的英文表達(dá)法是may/ might as well do sth.，與“四處看看”對應(yīng)的英文短語是look around,而且全句使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。因此正確答案是we may as well look around。

（三）付諸筆墨，保證拼寫無誤

經(jīng)過仔細(xì)的斟酌以后，真正的翻譯工作就變得簡單得多，但對很多考生來說單詞的拼寫是一大難題，因此考生應(yīng)該在確保關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)無誤的前提下盡量選用自己有把握的單詞和短語。

例如：

By contrast，American parents were more likely ________________________（把孩子的成功歸因于）natural talent.解析：通過分析可知，本題考查be likely to do sth.“很可能做……”和attribute sth.to sb.／another thing“將……歸因于……”的用法，對這兩點(diǎn)很熟悉的考生可以不費(fèi)吹灰之力就做出完美的答案，但正確地寫出attribute和success并不是件容易的事。正確答案為to attribute their children’s success to。

（四）重新審視，確認(rèn)句法合理 在檢查的時(shí)候，考生應(yīng)該確認(rèn)自己翻譯的部分與題目給出的英文部分共同構(gòu)成了一個(gè)語法正確達(dá)意清晰的句子。在這一階段，考生還應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)檢查句首字母的大寫、冠詞和代詞的使用以及主謂一致的問題。

總之，做漢譯英題目的時(shí)候，切忌盲目下筆，考生應(yīng)該在平日的練習(xí)中嚴(yán)格遵循以上四個(gè)步驟，有意識(shí)地培養(yǎng)良好的翻譯習(xí)慣。

三、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

下面，我們以四級新題型樣題中的翻譯題為例，說明翻譯題型的解題步驟與方法。

87.The substance does not dissolve in water _______________________(不管是否加熱).[關(guān)鍵詞]加熱――heat；不管是否――(no matter)whether… or not [連 接]heat與其邏輯主語substance之間需采用被動(dòng)連接，即heat加ed。[優(yōu) 化]whether(it is)heated or not.――注意，it is可省略。[點(diǎn) 評]如果heated or not放在句首，whether也可以省略。88.Not only ___________________________(高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either.[關(guān)鍵詞]收費(fèi)過高――overcharge, charge too much/high [連 接]句首的Not only決定了倒裝連接，下文用了過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此，這里需在he之前加did。

[優(yōu) 化](Not only)did he charge me too much/high, / did he overcharge me, …。[點(diǎn) 評]如果未能想出用overcharge/charge too much表示“收費(fèi)過高”，也可以將其含義“化解”掉，用ask for too much來表達(dá)，答案可以是did he ask me for too much。

他

向

我收

費(fèi)

過

89.Your losses in trade this year are nothing ___________________________(與我的相比).[關(guān)鍵詞]相比――compare(with), in comparison with；我的――mine, my losses [連 接]compare與其邏輯主語Your losses之間需采用被動(dòng)連接。[優(yōu) 化]…in comparison with mine或compared with mine。

[點(diǎn) 評]此處最好用介詞詞組，如果用compared with mine，則放在句首更合適。90.On average, it is said, visitors spend only ___________________________(一半的錢)in a day in Leeds as in London.[關(guān)鍵詞]一半――half；錢――money

[連 接]注意后文的as，此處需用一比較連接詞as，并在as后需增添一形容詞或副詞。

[優(yōu) 化]… half as much money。

[點(diǎn) 評]這里因?yàn)榍拔挠衧pend，這里可以省略money；此處如果先把“一半”的意思撇開，更易“化解”原文，即先譯出“一天里在利茲和在倫敦花同樣多的錢”，spend as much(money)in a day in Leeds as in London，然后將“(只有)一半”加進(jìn)去，這樣來看(only)half只能放在as much前。

91.By contrast, American mothers were more likely _______________________________(把孩子的成功歸因于)natural talent.[關(guān)鍵詞]孩子的成功――children’s success / success of the children；把……歸因于――attribute… to / owe… to [連 接]上文的were more likely后需接to。

[優(yōu) 化]to attribute their children’s success / success of their children to…。[點(diǎn) 評]“把……歸因于”也可以化解為“相信……的原因是……”，即believe that their children’s success is due to…/ the main factor for their children’s success is。

四、實(shí)用漢譯英技巧

四級考試對翻譯的要求并不高，只是要求考生用所學(xué)過的內(nèi)容，運(yùn)用一定的翻譯技巧，將中文含義用英文順暢地表達(dá)出來，也就是只做到“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”這三個(gè)翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的前兩項(xiàng)就已基本符合要求。

（一）恰當(dāng)選詞

在中譯英題型中，考生應(yīng)注意恰當(dāng)詞語的選擇。首先要盡量避免過于籠統(tǒng)的詞語，選用其下義詞或更確切的詞語。例如：He is a good man.就不如He is a kind-hearted man.確切。而“他養(yǎng)了一條牧羊犬”譯為“He raised a dog “，就不如“He raised a shepherd dog.”準(zhǔn)確。此外，還要注意近義詞之間的選擇。例如”He runs very fast.”，和“He gave us a quick answer.”。

（二）中英文句式之間的對應(yīng)與轉(zhuǎn)換

有些中文句子結(jié)構(gòu)與含義可以對應(yīng)英文中的某些句型。若考生可以恰當(dāng)使用這些句型，可達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。這些句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常出現(xiàn)在大學(xué)英語課本每一課的課后練習(xí)中，如：“只有在海洋中我們才能發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨魚”譯為“Only in the ocean can we find whales.”

（三）語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

中譯英經(jīng)常會(huì)涉及語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

人們讓我們相信，得到心里渴望的東西是件很容易的事。

We have been assured that achieving our heart's desires would be a piece of cake．

通常中文中的主語過于寬泛的時(shí)候，如“人們”，“別人”“這”等等，都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成英文的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，省略原來的主語。

（四）詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換指的是中英文之間詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，如在中文里是名詞，到了英文句子中就變成了動(dòng)詞。這里主要提示四種情況。

1）名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞

例如：查理的夢想是將來成為一個(gè)偵探。（“夢想”是名詞）

譯為：Charlie dreams of becoming a detective in the future.（“dream “是動(dòng)詞）

2）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞

例如：用害怕這個(gè)詞來描述可能會(huì)更準(zhǔn)確。（“描述”是動(dòng)詞）

譯為：Afraid would be a more accurate description.（” description“是名詞）3）名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞

例如：吉姆成功的可能性很小。（“可能性”是名詞）

譯為：It is almost unlikely/impossible for Jim to succeed.（“unlikely”和“impossible“都是形容詞）

4）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞

例如：在這緊張的時(shí)刻他感到非常緊張。（“緊張的”是形容詞）譯為：

The intensity of the moment filled his mind with intensity.（” intensity“是名詞）

此外，在翻譯過程中，還需要注意的就是，中文句子通常比較短小，逗號使用較多，且逗號可連續(xù)使用。而英文中則經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)由并列結(jié)構(gòu)和主從結(jié)構(gòu)所構(gòu)成的長句，逗號不可以隨意使用。這時(shí)需要注意所譯英文句子不要因中文影響而出現(xiàn)殘句或粘連句。例如：“我收到了。”譯成“I have received.”就是殘句，應(yīng)為“I have received it.”。將“瑪麗五年前住在舊金山，在那兒她寫了三本小說。”譯成”Mary lived in San Francisco five years ago，there she wrote three novels.”就是粘連句，應(yīng)該是“Mary lived in San Francisco five years ago，and there she wrote three novels．”

五、考點(diǎn)預(yù)測

漢譯英題型對考生英語語言基礎(chǔ)的要求固然很高，但并非無規(guī)律可循。在加強(qiáng)記憶重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語的基礎(chǔ)上，考生在動(dòng)筆翻譯以前一定要明確該題目考查的語言點(diǎn)，這樣才能夠做出最接近標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案的譯文，避免失分。這里總結(jié)了漢譯英題型中最可能出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)句型和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，供考生參考。

（一）重點(diǎn)句型預(yù)測 1）It is＋形容詞＋that 例如：it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知識(shí)在我們的一生中扮演著一個(gè)重要的角色。2）It is＋形容詞＋to do/ doing 例如：She had said what it was necessary to say.她已經(jīng)說了一切有必要說的話。

3）祈使句／名詞＋and/ or 例如：Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.努力工作，你就能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。4）as＋many/ much＋名詞＋as 例如：It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.據(jù)說，游客每天在利茲的花銷僅為在倫敦的一半。5）倍數(shù)詞＋as＋形容詞＋as 例如：The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.這個(gè)水庫的面積是十年前三倍。

6)倍數(shù)詞+ more +名詞／形容詞十than 例如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.吸煙對人體健康的危害極大，每年死于吸煙的人比死于車禍的人多七倍。

7）（not）as/ so...as（和……（不）一樣）例如：The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.環(huán)境問題沒有他們在報(bào)告中說得那么嚴(yán)重。8）no more...than（與……一樣不）

例如：She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.匕個(gè)女學(xué)生固然不宜當(dāng)經(jīng)理，她也同樣不宜。

9）Nothing is more...than（沒有比……更……的；……是最……的）例如：Nothing is more important than to receive education.沒有比接受教育更重要的事。

10）感官動(dòng)詞＋of＋名詞

例如：They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.他們倉皇地逃人一個(gè)充滿恐怖氣氛的山洞。

11）without/ not so much as（甚至沒有）例如：Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home without so much as looking back at him．出于對丈夫的失望，瑪麗離開了家，甚至都沒有回頭看他一眼。

12）may/ might as well（…as）（與其……還不如……）

例如：One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.與其一知半解還不如徹底蒙在鼓里。

13）too.～to.二（太……而不能……；極其地）例如：It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他們選擇在地震多發(fā)的地區(qū)定居，這可不是個(gè)明智的決定。14）only to find/ see（結(jié)果卻；沒想到會(huì)）例如：He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay eggs at all.為了買那只據(jù)說能下金蛋的母雞，他幾乎傾家蕩產(chǎn)，沒想到這只雞根本不會(huì)下蛋。

15）It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that（毫無疑問，……）

例如：There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.毫無疑問，如果我們肯認(rèn)真和談就能避免戰(zhàn)爭。16）rather than（而不是……）

例如：Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness，we should focus on the improvement of ourselves.我們應(yīng)該集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金錢的享樂。17）not...until（直到……才）例如：We can't release the film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.直到獲得有關(guān)當(dāng)局的批準(zhǔn)我們才能發(fā)行那部電影。18）so/ such（…）that（如此……以至于）例如：With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep/they became so anxious that they could not sleep.在謠言迅速散播的情況下，他們焦慮異常，無法人睡。

19）（The）chances are that（很可能……）例如：Chances are that she has already known it, and there is no need for us to keep the secret.她很可能已經(jīng)知道了，所以我們沒有必要再保守這個(gè)秘密。20）It occurred to sb.that（突然想到……）例如：It had never occurred to Cinderella she would become a princess someday.Cinderella從來沒有想到她會(huì)成為一位王妃。21）not...but...（不是……而是……）

例如：To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.讓我們失望的是，這個(gè)計(jì)劃帶來的不是進(jìn)步而是破壞。22）It is taken for granted that（……被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的）例如：It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.多年來人們一直認(rèn)為女性做家務(wù)是理所當(dāng)然的。23）It is/ was said that（據(jù)說）例如：it is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses features absent in other natural species.據(jù)說人類是生物學(xué)上最難歸類的物種，因?yàn)槿祟悡碛衅渌烊晃锓N所缺乏的特性。24）When it comes to...（提及，當(dāng)提到……的時(shí)候）

例如：When it comes to physics，I know nothing.談到物理學(xué)，我一無所知。25）be not much of a...（是個(gè)不太好的……）例如：Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.麥克不是個(gè)好老師，因?yàn)樗偸菑囊粋€(gè)話題跳轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)話題。26）As far as sb.／sth.is concerned（就……而言，在……看來）

例如：As far as I am concerned, fashion.belongs to women.在我看來，時(shí)尚是屬于女性的。

27）not only...but also（不但……而且……）

例如：Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.莎士比亞不僅是一位偉大的劇作家而且是一位才華橫溢的詩人。

28）（n)either...（n)or...（既不……也不……；或者……或者……）例如：Liking neither the story nor the background music，he fell asleep in the cinema.他既不喜歡故事情節(jié)也不喜歡背景音樂，所以在電影院里睡著了。

29）no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when（剛……就……）

例如：I had hardly opened the door when he rushed in.我剛開門他就沖進(jìn)來了。30）the more…the more（越……越……）例如：The faster a country's economy develops，the slower its population grows.一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展越快，它的人口增長就越慢。

（二）重點(diǎn)語法結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測 1)虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀愿望和假想情況。考生應(yīng)著重從以下幾方面進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練：一些能引起虛擬語氣的某些介詞、介詞短語和連詞，如：lest，in case，without，otherwise等；一部分表示建議、主張、命令、緊要等概念的詞語，由于本身隱含說話人的主觀愿望，其后的主語從句、賓語或同位語從句往往采用“（should)子動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬形式，如：suggest, propose, command, order, request, require等；一些形容詞后面的主語從句中往往采用“（should）＋動(dòng)詞原形”，如：It is necessary that，It is essential that，It is important that, It is desirable that等；省略了if的虛擬倒裝句；在would rather, wish，as if，It is time that等句型中使用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M形式表達(dá)主觀愿望。

例如：It is necessary that ________________________________.（采取有效措施來防止環(huán)境污染）。

答案

：

effective actions

（should）be taken to prevent environmental pollution 2）時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換

英語中一共有16個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，最常用的5個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

在以往的四級考試中考查最多的是將來完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。因此在翻譯時(shí)，考生首先要抓住的就是已知信息中的時(shí)間狀語，是現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、將來時(shí)間還是過去時(shí)間、是短暫時(shí)間還是延續(xù)性時(shí)間。

例如：__________________________________（自從她上了高中），she has worked very hard.答案：Since the time she went to senior high school 3）倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

英語中的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。哪些否定詞或者短語前置能引起倒裝句，部分倒裝和全部倒裝有何區(qū)別，as和so在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法及意義等等，都是考生應(yīng)當(dāng)重視的地方。

例如：________________________________（鲇魚walking fish不僅可以離開水存活）, but they can also travel short distances over land．

答案：Not only can walking fish live out of water（部分倒裝）例如：The peace talk turned out to be a failure.Then ____________________（兩國之間開始了一場惡戰(zhàn)）． 答案：began a bitter war between the two countries（全部倒裝）4）非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

一般說來，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下，逗號是不能連接兩個(gè)句子的，其中一個(gè)分句要么是非謂語形式，要么是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都作狀語，不同的是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的邏輯主語，而非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)則需要考生判斷邏輯主語和非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，確定使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

例如：________________________________（她一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地躺在床上），she fixed her eyes on the last leaf hanging against the blank wall．

答案：Lying in bed without any movement 5)主謂一致

這類考題靈活性大，需要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況判定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。一部分具有生命意義的集合名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞多采用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如people，poultry，cattle, militia等；用and連接的成分表單一概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如bread and butter，knife and fork等。此外還有就近原則，即主語中含有某些連詞（如as well as，besides，in addition to等）時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)同第一個(gè)主語保持一致。

例如：It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes ___________________（是那里唯一有生命的物體）．

答案：were the only living creatures there 6）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is/was...that/who...”，考生務(wù)必明確強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是句子中除了謂語以外的任何成分，要特別注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句與“not until”的連用。

例如：________________________（直到失去健康）that people know the value of health.答案：It is not until they lose it 7）介詞with（without）引起的狀語結(jié)構(gòu)

介詞with與名詞或名詞結(jié)構(gòu)搭配引起的狀語可以表示對象、方式、伴隨、對照、結(jié)果、讓步等，正確地使用with能夠讓學(xué)生在漢譯英的過程中化繁為簡。

例如：______________________________________（有了這些措施），we can change our society into one in which natural resources will be fully cherished．

答案：With these measures 此外，代詞和連接詞的使用、狀語從句以及名詞性從句和形容詞性從句的用法也是考生應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)的對象。