第一篇：英語論文開題報(bào)告的例文
英語論文開題報(bào)告范文例文
論文題目the Application and Innovation of Gothicism in Wuthering eights
一、選題的意義和研究現(xiàn)狀
1．選題的目的、理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義
長(zhǎng)時(shí)期以來, 人們視艾米莉?勃朗特為英國(guó)文學(xué)中的“斯芬克斯”。關(guān)于她本人和她的作品都有很多難解之謎, 許多評(píng)論家從不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的結(jié)論, 因而往往是舊謎剛解, 新謎又出, 解謎熱潮似永無休止。
本文立足于歐美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)研究《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作源泉, 指出艾米莉?
勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環(huán)境刻畫、意象及情節(jié)構(gòu)造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統(tǒng), 同時(shí)憑借其超乎尋常的想象力, 將現(xiàn)實(shí)與超現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體, 給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力, 達(dá)到了哥特形式與激情內(nèi)容的完美統(tǒng)一, 使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”, 又超越了維多利亞時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”, 從而展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)具一格、經(jīng)久不衰的藝術(shù)魅力。
2．與選題相關(guān)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究和發(fā)展概況
各民族的文學(xué)中都有許多驚險(xiǎn)、恐怖的故事, 但似乎沒有哪一種文學(xué)像英美文學(xué)那樣不僅創(chuàng)作出數(shù)量眾多、質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)秀的恐怖文學(xué)作品, 而且還形成了一個(gè)持續(xù)發(fā)展、影響廣泛的哥特傳統(tǒng)(Gothic tradition)。哥特文學(xué)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為英美文學(xué)研究中的一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域。對(duì)哥特文學(xué)的認(rèn)真研究開始于20 世紀(jì)二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的學(xué)術(shù)思潮和文學(xué)批評(píng)觀念的影響, 該研究出現(xiàn)了前所未有而且日趨高漲的熱潮。根據(jù)在國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的搜索, 到2000 年9月為止, 英美等國(guó)的學(xué)者除發(fā)表了大量關(guān)于哥特文學(xué)的論文外, 還至少出版專著達(dá)184部, 其中1970 年以后為126 部, 僅90 年代就達(dá)59 部, 幾乎占總數(shù)的三分之一。當(dāng)然,近年來哥特文學(xué)研究的狀況不僅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和廣度方面都大為拓展, 并且把哥特傳統(tǒng)同英美乃至歐洲的歷史、社會(huì)、文化和文學(xué)的總體發(fā)展結(jié)合起來。
二、研究方案
1．研究的基本內(nèi)容及預(yù)期的結(jié)果（大綱）
研究的基本內(nèi)容:本文立足于歐美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)研究《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作源泉, 指出艾米莉? 勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環(huán)境刻畫、意象及情節(jié)構(gòu)造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統(tǒng), 同時(shí)憑借其超乎尋常的想象力, 將現(xiàn)實(shí)與超現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體, 給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力, 達(dá)到了哥特形式與激情內(nèi)容的完美統(tǒng)一, 使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”, 又超越了維多利亞時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”, 從而展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)具一格、經(jīng)久不衰的藝術(shù)魅力。
預(yù)期的結(jié)果（大綱）: 1．A Survey of Gothic 1.1 Definition of Gothic 1.2 the Origin of Gothic Novels 1.2.1 Historical Reasons 1.2.1.1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality 1.2.1.2 Drama in the Renaissance 1.2.1.3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity 1.2.2 Development of the Novel Itself 1.2.2.1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism 1.2.2.2 Sublime and Beautiful 2.Emily’s Gothic Heritage
2.1 Theme 2.1.1 Good and Evil 2.1.2 Revenge 2.2 Characters Description 2.2.1 Villain-hero 2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl 2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot 2.3.1 Terror 2.3.2 Mystery 2.3.3 Supernatural 3.Emily’s Gothic Innovation
3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism 3.1.1 Change of the Background 3.1.2 Use of Symbolism 3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness 3.1.4 Illusion and Subconsciousness 3.2.Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2．?dāng)M采用的研究方法
主要有資料查找、理論探討研究、閱讀法
3.研究所需條件和可能存在的問題
研究所需條件：紙張、打印設(shè)備、圖書館、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲取國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料； 可能存在的問題：(1)文獻(xiàn)不足;(2)由于個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)和能力，使對(duì)研究對(duì)象分析不夠全面和深入。
三、研究進(jìn)度安排、參考文獻(xiàn)及審查意見 1．研究進(jìn)度安排
（1）論文指導(dǎo)第一周（學(xué)期第八周）：學(xué)生完成初稿。
（2）論文指導(dǎo)第二周（學(xué)期第九周）：指導(dǎo)教師審閱論文初稿后發(fā)回修改。（3）論文指導(dǎo)第三周（學(xué)期第十周）：學(xué)生交論文第二稿。
（4）論文指導(dǎo)第四周（學(xué)期第十一周）：指導(dǎo)教師審閱第二稿并發(fā)回給學(xué)生進(jìn)一步修改。
（5）論文指導(dǎo)第五周（學(xué)期第十二周）：定稿
（6）論文指導(dǎo)第六周（學(xué)期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和電子文本。
（7）論文指導(dǎo)第六周（學(xué)期第十三周）：本周星期五至論文指導(dǎo)第七周（學(xué)期第周）星期五，指導(dǎo)教師和評(píng)閱教師寫評(píng)語，學(xué)生做好答辯準(zhǔn)備。（8）論文指導(dǎo)第七周（學(xué)期第十四周）：星期三至論文指導(dǎo)第八周（學(xué)期第十五周）開展答辯工作。
2.應(yīng)收集資料及主要參考文獻(xiàn)（不少于8條）
[1] Bronte, Charlotte.1907.Charlotte Bronte’s preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights.London: J.M.Dent Sons Ltd.p.20.[2] Gerin, Winifred.1971.Emily Bronte [M].New York: Oxford University Press.[3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts.ed.1998.The handbook to gothic literature [A].New York: New York University Press.p.83.[4] Punter, David.1980.The Literature of Terror [M].London: Longman.p.6.[5] 方平.1993.希望在人間?論〈呼嘯山莊〉(《呼嘯山莊》譯序)[M].上海譯文出版社.第24頁.[6] 蓋斯凱爾夫人.2000.夏洛蒂?勃朗特傳[M].張淑榮等譯.北京: 團(tuán)結(jié)出版社.第11?12頁.[7] 肖明翰.2001.英美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)[J].外國(guó)文學(xué)評(píng)論第3期.[8] 鮮于靜.2003.神秘和怪誕的魅力???？思{小說《八月之光》的哥特藝術(shù)研究[MA].中國(guó)學(xué)位論文全文庫.Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science.From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence.Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies(DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective.Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community.Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation.The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive.The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned.Translation phenomena are noted down.With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice.I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS.“Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation.Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies.Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions.Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.Outline
2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS
In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product.I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.2.2 Methodolgy
I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories
A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria.Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4 Case study
In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions(also translated as The Story of The Stone)will be under investigation in light of DTS.Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.2.5 Conclusion
Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation.Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
0
000
附錄2-引文范例(僅供參考)
“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods.Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)
‘“噢，這就是恐水病吧?你們貴族圈子怎么流行起這種病來啦?真夠嗆的!費(fèi)芬斯小姐，您喝點(diǎn)茶大概沒關(guān)系吧!”’(張南峰，1990：59-60)
附錄3-參考文獻(xiàn)范例(僅供參考)
Wilss, Wolfram.The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods.Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.Newmark, Peter.A Textbook of Translation.New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.Delabastita, Dirk.Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies.Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.張南峰(譯).王爾德戲劇選.福州：海峽文藝出版社，1990.戴煒棟.構(gòu)建具有中國(guó)特色的英語教學(xué)“一條龍”體系，外語教學(xué)與研究，2001(5).附錄4-封面范例(僅供參考)(中文)
對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文
論品牌名稱翻譯的特殊性
專 業(yè)：
研究方向：
作 者：
導(dǎo) 師：
寫作時(shí)間： —
對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
英語學(xué)院
(英文)
School of International Studies
University of International Business and Economics
Pragmatic Strategies
in Advertising: Implicatures
Wang Ying
A thesis submitted to School of International Studies of
University of International Business and Economics
In partial fulfillment of the requirement
For the degree of Master of Arts
April 2002
Beijing, China 系別：外語系 專業(yè)：英 語 學(xué)生姓名
陳 婷 婷
學(xué)號(hào)
02091502
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目：
English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function 英語習(xí)語及其銜接功能
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）內(nèi)容：
習(xí)語是英語中非常重要的組成部分，對(duì)英語習(xí)語進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，它可以幫助我們更好的學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)用英語習(xí)語。傳統(tǒng)的英語習(xí)語研究主要關(guān)注習(xí)語的分類、用法、句法特征和語義等層面，對(duì)其功能尤其是銜接功能的探討為數(shù)不多。文章可以依據(jù)韓禮德（1976，1985）提出的語言三大功能理論，著力探討英語習(xí)語的銜接功能，包括語法結(jié)構(gòu)的銜接功能、語義銜接功能和語用銜接功能等。
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）要求及應(yīng)完成的工作：
1、廣泛查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，了解本領(lǐng)域研究現(xiàn)狀；
2、要有鮮明的觀點(diǎn)，立論有據(jù)，并運(yùn)用一定的邏輯方法分析論證；
3、在老師指導(dǎo)下按時(shí)獨(dú)立開題和撰寫初稿，不斷修改完善直至定稿，嚴(yán)禁抄襲剽竊；
4、論文必須用英文書寫，字?jǐn)?shù)不少于5000英語單詞；
5、行文必須符合學(xué)術(shù)論文規(guī)范，定稿須按院系統(tǒng)一要求打印和裝訂；
6、按照規(guī)定完成論文答辯。
進(jìn)度安排
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）各階段名稱
起 止 日 期 1 指導(dǎo)教師根據(jù)選題向?qū)W生下達(dá)任務(wù)書；學(xué)生根據(jù)任務(wù)書查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，收集資料并擬定寫作提綱 1月22日---3月10日 進(jìn)一步分析整理資料，完成開題報(bào)告,開始論文寫作 3月11日---3月25日 寫作并完成初稿，接受中期檢查 3月26日---4月30日 根據(jù)導(dǎo)師的修改和建議，進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充和潤(rùn)色，直至定稿；論文評(píng)閱 5月1日---6月 10日 完成答辯后規(guī)范打印并裝訂成冊(cè)；綜合評(píng)定成績(jī) 6月11日---6月22日
應(yīng)收集的資料、主要參考文獻(xiàn)及實(shí)習(xí)地點(diǎn)：
[1] Fernando, C.Idioms and Idiomaticity.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000 [2] Halliday, M.A.K.& R.Hason.Cohesion in English.Longman Press, 1985 [3] Makkai, A.Idiom Structure in English.The Hague Press,1972 [4] 林承璋.英語詞匯學(xué)引論[M].武漢大學(xué)出版社，1987 [5] 陸國(guó)強(qiáng).現(xiàn)代英語詞匯學(xué)[M].上海外語教育出版社, 1999
指導(dǎo)教師簽字: 年 月 日
系主任簽字： 年 月 日
系別：外語系 專業(yè)：英 語 學(xué)生姓名
陳婷婷
學(xué)號(hào)
02091502
指導(dǎo)教師
高瑞闊
職稱
講 師
所選題目名稱：
English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function 英語習(xí)語及其銜接功能
課題研究現(xiàn)狀：
English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary.The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages.Halliday and Hason(1976)pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms(ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function).Another scholar, Fernando C.(1996), also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects.Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin(1994, 1996), Zhu Yongsheng(1995, 1996, 1997)and Zhang Delu(1994)mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.課題研究目的：
This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them.It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion, attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically, thus more effectively.課題研究?jī)?nèi)容：
As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken.This dissertation includes the following five aspects: 1.Introduction 2.A General Study of English Idioms 2.1 The Definition of English Idioms 2.2 Features of English Idioms 3.Cohesive Function of English Idioms 3.1 Cohesion 3.2 Functional Categories 3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms 3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms 4.The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics 4.1 Syntactic Cohesion 4.2 Pragmatic Function 5.Conclusion
課題研究計(jì)劃：
January 22-March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outline March 26-April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10: refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion June 11?June 22: finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence 主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1] Fernando, C.Idioms and Idiomaticity.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000 [2] Halliday, M.A.K.and R.Hason.Cohesion in English.Longman Press, 1985 [3] Lakoff, G.and M.Johnson.Metaphors We Live By.University of Chicago Press, 1980 [4] Makkai, A.Idiom Structure in English.The Hague Press,1972 [5] 林承璋.英語詞匯學(xué)引論[M].武漢大學(xué)出版社，1987 [6] 陸國(guó)強(qiáng).現(xiàn)代英語詞匯學(xué)[M].上海外語教育出版社, 1999 [7] 汪榕培, 盧曉娟.英語詞匯學(xué)教程[M].上海外語教育出版社, 1999 指導(dǎo)教師意見： 簽字： 年 月 日
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組意見： 簽字： 年 月 日
備注：
選題的目的和意義
歐?亨利（O.Henry, 1862-1910）, 原名威廉?西德尼?波特（William Sydney Porter），是美國(guó)最著名的短篇小說家之一，曾被評(píng)論界譽(yù)為曼哈頓桂冠散文作家和美國(guó)現(xiàn)代短篇小說之父。他出身于美國(guó)北卡羅來納州格林斯波羅鎮(zhèn)一個(gè)醫(yī)師家庭。他的一生富于傳奇性，當(dāng)過藥房學(xué)徒、牧牛人、會(huì)計(jì)員、土地局辦事員、新聞?dòng)浾?、銀行出納員。當(dāng)銀行出納員時(shí)，因銀行短缺了一筆現(xiàn)金，為避免審訊，離家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后因回家探視病危的妻子被捕入獄，并在監(jiān)獄醫(yī)務(wù)室任藥劑師。他在銀行工作時(shí)，曾有過寫作的經(jīng)歷，擔(dān)任監(jiān)獄醫(yī)務(wù)室的藥劑師后開始認(rèn)真寫作。1901年提前獲釋后，遷居紐約，專門從事寫作。歐?亨利善于描寫美國(guó)社會(huì)尤其是紐約百姓的生活。他的作品構(gòu)思新穎，語言詼諧，結(jié)局常常出人意外；又因描寫了眾多的人物，富于生活情趣，被譽(yù)為“美國(guó)生活的幽默百科全書”。代表作有小說集《白菜與國(guó)王》、《四百萬》、《命運(yùn)之路》等。其中一些名篇如《愛的犧牲》、《警察與贊美詩》、《帶家具出租的房間》、《麥琪的禮物》、《最后一片藤葉》等使他獲得了世界聲譽(yù)。這些小說誕生于同一時(shí)期，且所描寫的主人公遭受的悲劇又極其的相似，那么這些作品是想向我們表達(dá)什么呢？它表達(dá)了什么樣的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)呢？通過文章的分析，我們可以了解到這些主人公的悲劇是由那個(gè)時(shí)代造成的，也就是資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系造成的。在資本主義興盛發(fā)展時(shí)期，最得利還是資本家，人民大眾還是受苦者。
國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀
Many scholars have studied O.Henry’s works from different perspectives, such as the theme, the characteristics and also the personal background.By analyzing the theme of O.Henry’s fiction, i.e., “smile with tears” and “tears with smile”, Zhao Shuying gave us a unique impression of O.Henry’s works.What’s more, Ruan Wenlin thinks highly of the humanity after commenting on O.Henry’s works.As for The Gift of the Magi, Liu Wencui carefully analyzed the characters of this short story.Wei Rongcheng studied the numbers, the allusion of the Holy Bible and also the theme of his works.What’s more, many over-sea scholars have also done some research on O.Henry’s works.For example, in 1986, Trueman E.O’Quinn and Jenny Linder Porter published an article on the Eakin Magazine Press, entitled “How William Sydney Porter Became O.Henry”.要解決的問題
通過對(duì)作者寫作的藝術(shù)手法的研究進(jìn)一步掌握作者的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義概念
研究思路
主人公悲劇是由那個(gè)時(shí)代造成的，同時(shí)他們的悲劇命運(yùn)也反映了那個(gè)時(shí)代特征。通過研究反諷，包括字面反諷，結(jié)構(gòu)反諷和命運(yùn)反諷在他作品中的具體體現(xiàn)來揭示反諷這一修辭手法的功用及其產(chǎn)生的種種根源。這對(duì)我們研究歐?亨利現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)他的創(chuàng)作成就和文學(xué)地位，學(xué)習(xí)與借鑒他的語言藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格有著積極的作用。
參考文獻(xiàn)目錄
BIBLYOGRAPHY E.Hudson, Long.O.Henry, The Man and His Work,Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949.Donald F.A, Peel.Critical Stories of O.Henry, Northwest Missouri State College Studies 25:4,1961.E.O’Quinn, Trueman, and Porter, Jenny Lind.How William Sydney Porter Became O.Henry, Austin, Eakin Press, 1986.Arthur, Voss.The American Short Story: A Critical Survey, Norman: Oklahoma University Press, 1973.陳華，何曉曦.《四百萬》[M].外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1988.6.郭燕華.從《警察與贊美詩》看“歐?亨利筆法”[J].武漢教育學(xué)院外語系高等函授學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版), 2000.10 13（5）.胡曉梅, 郭雪華.紐約的鏡子?談歐?亨利的《四百萬》[J].浙江工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 2003.3 2(1).金文麗.繞梁余音三日不絕?《最后一片葉子》的結(jié)構(gòu)特色及其必然性[J].麗水師范?？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào), 1999.8 21(4).康明強(qiáng).歐?亨利短篇小說選[M].譯林出版社, 1998.5(1).劉文翠.從《麥琪的禮物》看歐?亨利的寫作手法[J].東疆學(xué)刊，2001.3 18（1）.任誠(chéng)剛, 王玉敏.杰作里的真正杰作?歐?亨利短篇小說《最后一片葉子》賞析[J].山東師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 2001(2).阮溫林.高揚(yáng)人性美的主旋律?歐?亨利愛情小說藝術(shù)論[J].皖西學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2004.4 18（2）.韋榮臣.《麥琪的禮物》新探-數(shù)字，《圣經(jīng)》典故和作品主題[J].四川大學(xué)外語學(xué)院學(xué)刊，2001.5 17（3）.趙莉，黃春妮.歐?亨利作品導(dǎo)讀[M].武漢：武漢大學(xué)出版社，2003.8.趙書穎.“含淚的笑”與“含笑的淚”?淺析歐?亨利小說的主題[J].黑龍江教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2004.3 23（2）.Introduction
1.Irony and Its Classification in O.Henry's Fiction 1.1 Definition 1.2 Classification 1.2.1 Verbal Irony 1.2.2 Structural Irony 1.2.3 Cosmic Irony 2.Function of Irony
2.1 Critical Exposure of The Theme
2.2 Distinctive Portrait of The Characters 2.3 Perfect Construction of The Plot
2.4 Adequate Impression of The Temperament 3.The Underlying Causes of the Recurrence of Irony in O.Henry's Fiction 3.1 Life of O.Henry
3.2 The Democratic Mind of O.Henry 3.3The Influence of Others Conclusion Bibliography 作品如下：
The Gift of the Magi and A Service of Love
The Cop and the Anthem The Cop and the Anthem The Last Leaf
The Romance of a Busy Broker
An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese
試析顏色詞的中英文化內(nèi)涵差異 課題來源
Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor
一、課題背景及意義（課題的立題依據(jù)及研究意義）
Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc.People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world.Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside.In a word, language is a mirror of culture.When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself.Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences.In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use.In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same.Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings.If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words.The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.二、課題研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)（課題研究領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及可能的發(fā)展方向）
Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention.The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words.This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions.Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences.The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad.The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.三、研究?jī)?nèi)容及研究目標(biāo)（對(duì)研究的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明，并闡明要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)）Research Contents: A.Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms 1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified 1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit 1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People 2.Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death
2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate 2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful 2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger B.Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky 1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2.Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms 2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor 2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C.Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2.Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity
2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D.Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms 1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble
1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2.Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative 2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.四、預(yù)計(jì)的研究難點(diǎn)（課題研究過程中可能遇到的理論難題或技術(shù)難點(diǎn)）With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem;how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem.As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult.Possible problems also contain:(1)Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars;(2)Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.五、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)（選題、觀點(diǎn)、理論、材料、方法等創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)）
The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words.What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.六、進(jìn)度計(jì)劃（根據(jù)研究?jī)?nèi)容及研究目標(biāo)所預(yù)計(jì)的進(jìn)度安排）
1.Nov.16th —
Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2.Nov.23rd —
Dec.20th , 2008
Data gathering 3.Dec.21st —
Jan.10th , 2009
Opening report & detailed outline 4.Jan.11th
—
Feb.8th, 2009
Literature review 5.Feb.9th
—
Mar.14th, 2009
First draft 6.Mar.15th —
Apr.10th, 2009
Second draft 7.Apr.11th —
Apr.20th, 2009
Final version 8.Apr.27th —
May 14th, 2009
Printing 9.May 17th —
May 25th, 2009
Thesis debate
七、資料來源（指能夠支持“課題背景”、“課題研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)”所論述內(nèi)容的主要文獻(xiàn)資料）
[1] Baugh, A.C.& Thomas Cable.A History of the English Language [M].Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[2] Eckersley, C.E.Brighter English [M].London: Longman, 1979.[3] Gill, R.Mastering English Literature [M].London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.[4] Hornby, A.S.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z].London: Oxford University, 1974.[5] Knowles, G.A Cultural History of the English Language [M].U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.[6] Lott, B.A Course in English Language and Literature [M].U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.[7] Lyons, J.Language and Linguistics [M].London: Longman, 1981.[8] Wales, K.Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M].London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.[9] Wu Weizen.History and Anthology of English Literature [M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan.Modern English Lexicology [M].Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.[11] 陳永燁．“英漢顏色詞所表現(xiàn)的中西文化差異” [J]．《遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》，2005，(7)．
[12] 戴煒棟,何兆熊《新編簡(jiǎn)明英語語言學(xué)教程》.[A].上海：上海外語出版社,2002.[13] 鄧炎昌，劉潤(rùn)清．《語言與文化》[M]．北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1991． [14] 蔣棟元．“論顏色及顏色詞的文化差異” [J]． 《四川外語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》，2002，(3)．
[15] 唐振華．“英漢顏色詞的翻譯” [J]．《中國(guó)科技翻譯》，1997，(2).
第二篇：英語論文開題報(bào)告
英語論文開題報(bào)告范文例文大全6篇
論文題目the Application and Innovation
of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights
一、選題的意義和研究現(xiàn)狀
1．選題的目的、理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義
長(zhǎng)時(shí)期以來, 人們視艾米莉?勃朗特為英國(guó)文學(xué)中的“斯芬克斯”。關(guān)于她本人和她的作品都有很多難解之謎, 許多評(píng)論家從不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的結(jié)論, 因而往往是舊謎剛解, 新謎又出, 解謎熱潮似永無休止。
本文立足于歐美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)研究《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作源泉, 指出艾米莉?
勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環(huán)境刻畫、意象及情節(jié)構(gòu)造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統(tǒng), 同時(shí)憑借其超乎尋常的想象力, 將現(xiàn)實(shí)與超現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體, 給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力, 達(dá)到了哥特形式與激情內(nèi)容的完美統(tǒng)一, 使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”, 又超越了維多利亞時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”, 從而展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)具一格、經(jīng)久不衰的藝術(shù)魅力。
2．與選題相關(guān)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究和發(fā)展概況
各民族的文學(xué)中都有許多驚險(xiǎn)、恐怖的故事, 但似乎沒有哪一種文學(xué)像英美文學(xué)那樣不僅創(chuàng)作出數(shù)量眾多、質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)秀的恐怖文學(xué)作品, 而且還形成了一個(gè)持續(xù)發(fā)展、影響廣泛的哥特傳統(tǒng)(Gothic tradition)。哥特文學(xué)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為英美文學(xué)研究中的一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域。對(duì)哥特文學(xué)的認(rèn)真研究開始于20 世紀(jì)二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的學(xué)術(shù)思潮和文學(xué)批評(píng)觀念的影響, 該研究出現(xiàn)了前所未有而且日趨高漲的熱潮。根據(jù)在國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的搜索, 到2000 年9月為止, 英美等國(guó)的學(xué)者除發(fā)表了大量關(guān)于哥特文學(xué)的論文外, 還至少出版專著達(dá)184部, 其中1970 年以后為126 部, 僅90 年代就達(dá)59 部, 幾乎占總數(shù)的三分之一。當(dāng)然,近年來哥特文學(xué)研究的狀況不僅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和廣度方面都大為拓展, 并且把哥特傳統(tǒng)同英美乃至歐洲的歷史、社會(huì)、文化和文學(xué)的總體發(fā)展結(jié)合起來。
二、研究方案
1．研究的基本內(nèi)容及預(yù)期的結(jié)果（大綱）
研究的基本內(nèi)容:本文立足于歐美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)研究《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作源泉, 指出艾米莉?
勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環(huán)境刻畫、意象及情節(jié)構(gòu)造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統(tǒng), 同時(shí)憑借其超乎尋常的想象力, 將現(xiàn)實(shí)與超現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體, 給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力, 達(dá)到了哥特形式與激情內(nèi)容的完美統(tǒng)一, 使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”, 又超越了維多利亞時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”, 從而展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)具一格、經(jīng)久不衰的藝術(shù)魅力。
預(yù)期的結(jié)果（大綱）: 1．A Survey of Gothic
1.1 Definition of Gothic
1.2 the Origin of Gothic Novels
1.2.1 Historical Reasons
1.2.1.1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality
1.2.1.2 Drama in the Renaissance
1.2.1.3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity
1.2.2 Development of the Novel Itself
1.2.2.1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism
1.2.2.2 Sublime and Beautiful 2.Emily?s Gothic Heritage
2.1 Theme
2.1.1 Good and Evil
2.1.2 Revenge
2.2 Characters Description
2.2.1 Villain-hero
2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl
2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot
2.3.1 Terror
2.3.2 Mystery
2.3.3 Supernatural 3.Emily?s Gothic Innovation
3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism
3.1.1 Change of the Background
3.1.2 Use of Symbolism
3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness
3.1.4 Illusion and Subconsciousness
3.2.Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2．?dāng)M采用的研究方法
主要有資料查找、理論探討研究、閱讀法 3.研究所需條件和可能存在的問題
研究所需條件：紙張、打印設(shè)備、圖書館、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲取國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料；
可能存在的問題：(1)文獻(xiàn)不足;
(2)由于個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)和能力，使對(duì)研究對(duì)象分析不夠全面和深入。
三、研究進(jìn)度安排、參考文獻(xiàn)及審查意見 1．研究進(jìn)度安排
（1）論文指導(dǎo)第一周（學(xué)期第八周）：學(xué)生完成初稿。
（2）論文指導(dǎo)第二周（學(xué)期第九周）：指導(dǎo)教師審閱論文初稿后發(fā)回修改。
（3）論文指導(dǎo)第三周（學(xué)期第十周）：學(xué)生交論文第二稿。（4）論文指導(dǎo)第四周（學(xué)期第十一周）：指導(dǎo)教師審閱第二稿并發(fā)回給學(xué)生進(jìn)一步修改。（5）論文指導(dǎo)第五周（學(xué)期第十二周）：定稿
（6）論文指導(dǎo)第六周（學(xué)期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和電子文本。（7）論文指導(dǎo)第六周（學(xué)期第十三周）：本周星期五至論文指導(dǎo)第七周（學(xué)期第周）星期五，指導(dǎo)教師和評(píng)閱教師寫評(píng)語，學(xué)生做好答辯準(zhǔn)備。
（8）論文指導(dǎo)第七周（學(xué)期第十四周）：星期三至論文指導(dǎo)第八周（學(xué)期第十五周）開展答辯工作。
2.應(yīng)收集資料及主要參考文獻(xiàn)（不少于8條）
[1] Bronte, Charlotte.1907.Charlotte Bronte?s preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights.London: J.M.Dent Sons Ltd.p.20.[2] Gerin, Winifred.1971.Emily Bronte [M].New York: Oxford University Press.[3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts.ed.1998.The handbook to gothic literature [A].New York: New York University Press.p.83.[4] Punter, David.1980.The Literature of Terror [M].London: Longman.p.6.[5] 方平.1993.希望在人間?論〈呼嘯山莊〉(《呼嘯山莊》譯序)[M].上海譯文出版社.第24頁.[6] 蓋斯凱爾夫人.2000.夏洛蒂?勃朗特傳[M].張淑榮等譯.北京: 團(tuán)結(jié)出版社.第11?12頁.[7] 肖明翰.2001.英美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)[J].外國(guó)文學(xué)評(píng)論第3期.[8] 鮮于靜.2003.神秘和怪誕的魅力??福克納小說《八月之光》的哥特藝術(shù)研究[MA].中國(guó)學(xué)位論文全文庫.Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science.From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence.Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies(DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective.Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community.Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation.The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator?s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive.The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned.Translation phenomena are noted down.With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice.I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS.“Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation.Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies.Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions.Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.2 Outline 2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS In this part I will describe Holms? basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product.I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.2.2 Methodolgy I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria.Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4 Case study In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions(also translated as The Story of The Stone)will be under investigation in light of DTS.Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.2.5 Conclusion Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation.Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)附錄2-引文范例(僅供參考)“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods.Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)
?“噢，這就是恐水病吧？你們貴族圈子怎么流行起這種病來啦？真夠嗆的！費(fèi)芬斯小姐，您喝點(diǎn)茶大概沒關(guān)系吧！”?（張南峰，1990：59-60）附錄3-參考文獻(xiàn)范例(僅供參考)Wilss, Wolfram.The Science of Translation ? Problems and Methods.Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.Newmark, Peter.A Textbook of Translation.New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.Delabastita, Dirk.Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies.Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.張南峰（譯）.王爾德戲劇選.福州：海峽文藝出版社，1990.戴煒棟.構(gòu)建具有中國(guó)特色的英語教學(xué)“一條龍”體系，外語教學(xué)與研究，2001（5）
附錄4-封面范例(僅供參考)（中文）對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 論品牌名稱翻譯的特殊性 專 業(yè)： 研究方向： 作 者： 導(dǎo) 師： 寫作時(shí)間： ? 對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué) 英語學(xué)院（英文）
School of International Studies University of International Business and Economics Pragmatic Strategies in Advertising: Implicatures Wang Ying A thesis submitted to School of International Studies of University of International Business and Economics In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Master of Arts April 2002 Beijing, China
第三篇：英語論文開題報(bào)告
在當(dāng)下這個(gè)社會(huì)中，報(bào)告不再是罕見的東西，我們?cè)趯憟?bào)告的時(shí)候要注意涵蓋報(bào)告的基本要素。一起來參考報(bào)告是怎么寫的吧，下面是小編幫大家整理的英語論文開題報(bào)告范文，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
英語論文開題報(bào)告范文篇1論文題目：the Application and Innovation
一、選題的意義和研究現(xiàn)狀
1.選題的目的、理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義
長(zhǎng)時(shí)期以來，人們視艾米莉·勃朗特為英國(guó)文學(xué)中的“斯芬克斯”。關(guān)于她本人和她的作品都有很多難解之謎，許多評(píng)論家從不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究，得出了不同的結(jié)論，因而往往是舊謎剛解，新謎又出，解謎熱潮似永無休止。
本文立足于歐美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)研究《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作源泉，指出艾米莉勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環(huán)境刻畫、意象及情節(jié)構(gòu)造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統(tǒng)，同時(shí)憑借其超乎尋常的想象力，將現(xiàn)實(shí)與超現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體，給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力，達(dá)到了哥特形式與激情內(nèi)容的完美統(tǒng)一，使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”，又超越了維多利亞時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”，從而展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)具一格、經(jīng)久不衰的藝術(shù)魅力。
2.與選題相關(guān)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究和發(fā)展概況
二、研究方案
1.研究的基本內(nèi)容及預(yù)期的結(jié)果（大綱）
研究的基本內(nèi)容：本文立足于歐美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)研究《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作源泉，指出艾米莉勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環(huán)境刻畫、意象及情節(jié)構(gòu)造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統(tǒng)，同時(shí)憑借其超乎尋常的想象力，將現(xiàn)實(shí)與超現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體，給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力，達(dá)到了哥特形式與激情內(nèi)容的完美統(tǒng)一，使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”，又超越了維多利亞時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”，從而展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)具一格、經(jīng)久不衰的藝術(shù)魅力。
預(yù)期的結(jié)果（大綱）：
1.A Survey of Gothic
1.1Definition of Gothic
2Emily’s Gothic Heritage
2.1Theme
2.1.1Good and Evil
2.2Characters Description
2.2.1Villainhero
2.2.2Delicate Young Girl
2.3Atmosphere，Environment and Plot
2.3.1Terror
2.3.2Mystery
2.3.3Supernatural
3.Emily’s Gothic Innovation
3.1Combination of romanticism and Realism
3.1.1Change of the Background
3.1.3Stream of Consciousness
3.1.4Illusion and Subconsciousness
3.2.Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology
2.擬采用的研究方法 主要有資料查找、理論探討研究、閱讀法
3.研究所需條件和可能存在的問題
研究所需條件：紙張、打印設(shè)備、圖書館、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲取國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料；可能存在的問題：
(1)文獻(xiàn)不足。
(2)由于個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)和能力，使對(duì)研究對(duì)象分析不夠全面和深入。
三、研究進(jìn)度安排、參考文獻(xiàn)及審查意見
1.研究進(jìn)度安排
（1）論文指導(dǎo)第一周（學(xué)期第八周）：學(xué)生完成初稿。
（2）論文指導(dǎo)第二周（學(xué)期第九周）：指導(dǎo)教師審閱論文初稿后發(fā)回修改。
（3）論文指導(dǎo)第三周（學(xué)期第十周）：學(xué)生交論文第二稿。
（4）論文指導(dǎo)第四周（學(xué)期第十一周）：指導(dǎo)教師審閱第二稿并發(fā)回給學(xué)生進(jìn)一步修改。
（5）論文指導(dǎo)第五周（學(xué)期第十二周）：定稿
（6）論文指導(dǎo)第六周（學(xué)期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和電子文本。
（7）論文指導(dǎo)第六周（學(xué)期第十三周）：本周星期五至論文指導(dǎo)第七周（學(xué)期第周）星期五，指導(dǎo)教師和評(píng)閱教師寫評(píng)語，學(xué)生做好答辯準(zhǔn)備。
（8）論文指導(dǎo)第七周（學(xué)期第十四周）：星期三至論文指導(dǎo)第八周（學(xué)期第十五周）開展答辯工作。
英語論文開題報(bào)告范文篇2課題研究現(xiàn)狀：
English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary.The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages.Halliday and Hason(1976)pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms(ideational function，interpersonal function and textual function).Another scholar，F(xiàn)ernando C.(1996)，also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text，and in the creation of stylistic effects.Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin(1994，1996)，Zhu Yongsheng(1995，1996，1997)and Zhang Delu(1994)mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.課題研究目的：
This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them.It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion，attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically，thus more effectively.課題研究?jī)?nèi)容：
As English idioms are much alive in everyday English，a close look at the function of idioms must be taken.This dissertation includes the following five aspects：
1.Introduction
2.A General Study of English Idioms
2.1The Definition of English Idioms
2.2Features of English Idioms
3.Cohesive Function of English Idioms
3.1Cohesion
3.2Functional Categories
3.3Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms
3.4Cohesive Function of Other Idioms
4.The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics
4.1Syntactic Cohesion
4.2Pragmatic Function
5.Conclusion
課題研究計(jì)劃：
January 22-March 10： question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25： analysis of the materials and writing of an outline
March 26-April 30： completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10： refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion
June 11—June 22： finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence
主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1]Fernando，C.Idioms and Idiomaticity.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press，2000
[2]Halliday，M.A.K.and R.Hason.Cohesion in English.Longman Press，1985
[3]Lakoff，G.and M.Johnson.Metaphors We Live By.University of Chicago Press，1980
[4]Makkai，A.Idiom Structure in English.The Hague Press,1972
一、選題來源、目的和意義：
本選題重在研究中西文化之間的差異以及這些差異對(duì)商務(wù)談判的影響，最后得出商務(wù)談判應(yīng)該采用的'策略。
隨著我國(guó)加入WTO，國(guó)際貿(mào)易和對(duì)外交往將日益頻繁，國(guó)家與國(guó)家之間、企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間、個(gè)人與個(gè)人之間，由于存在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的協(xié)調(diào)，無時(shí)無處不需要談判。出口商和進(jìn)口商要消除分歧，達(dá)成一項(xiàng)公平的相互之間滿意的交易，大多是通過商務(wù)談判才能做到的。因此與外界交往合作的主要方式——跨文化商務(wù)談判在社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的地位越來越重要。因此，和外商談判打交道的時(shí)候，不要忽略一些看似微不足道的細(xì)節(jié)，那些都有可能是成敗的關(guān)鍵。只有正確探悉、學(xué)習(xí)和熟悉不同國(guó)家的文化差異，意識(shí)到他們的重要性，才能更好地探討商務(wù)談判的策略，為最后談判的成功奠定基礎(chǔ)和提供理論依據(jù)。
二、課題的主要內(nèi)容(項(xiàng)目概要)：
1.談判與文化的綜述
2.文化差異因素對(duì)國(guó)際商務(wù)談判的影響
2.1語言和非語言差異的影響
2.2思維方式差異的影響
2.3價(jià)值觀念差異的影響
3.應(yīng)對(duì)商務(wù)談判文化差異問題的對(duì)策
3.1樹立跨文化的談判意識(shí)
3.2談判前做好充足的準(zhǔn)備
3.3懂得談判對(duì)方的語言
3.4對(duì)待文化問題應(yīng)持有的態(tài)度
4.結(jié)尾
三、實(shí)施計(jì)劃(設(shè)計(jì)工作的主要階段、進(jìn)度和完成時(shí)間等)：
11月11日畢業(yè)論文動(dòng)員大會(huì)
11月12日—12月1日下達(dá)任務(wù)書
12月2日—12月31日確定論文題目
1月1日—1月31日進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)資料的收集、篩選、做讀書筆記。
2月1日—2月28日完成論文詳細(xì)提綱，交指導(dǎo)老師修改，補(bǔ)充。
3月1日—3月30日進(jìn)行畢業(yè)論文初稿寫作。
4月1日—5月19日畢業(yè)論文修改。
5月20日—6月5日畢業(yè)論文定稿、裝訂、答辯。
四、參考文獻(xiàn)：
<1>李信，《中西方文化比較概論》，航空工業(yè)出版社，2003.6
<2>李郁、張泳，淺談國(guó)際商務(wù)談判中的跨文化問題及對(duì)策[J]，商業(yè)研究，2004.7
<3>廖瑛，《外貿(mào)談判英語》，對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社，2004.2
<4>肖云南，《國(guó)際商務(wù)談判》，清華大學(xué)和北方交通大學(xué)出版社，2003.5
<5>楊晶，《商務(wù)談判》，清華大學(xué)出版社，2005.1
<6>姚立，《商務(wù)談判—理論、實(shí)務(wù)、風(fēng)格》，中國(guó)城市出版社，2003.3
<7>袁其剛，《國(guó)際商務(wù)談判》，山東人民出版社，2003.2
【英語論文開題報(bào)告范文】相關(guān)文章：
1.英語論文開題報(bào)告
2.開題報(bào)告范文
3.教師開題報(bào)告范文
4.色彩論文開題報(bào)告
5.小課題開題報(bào)告
6.課題開題報(bào)告格式
7.關(guān)于護(hù)理專業(yè)的開題報(bào)告范文
8.有關(guān)物流專業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告范文
第四篇：英語論文開題報(bào)告
英語論文開題報(bào)告范文
我們眼下的社會(huì)，報(bào)告十分的.重要，其在寫作上有一定的技巧。你還在對(duì)寫報(bào)告感到一籌莫展嗎？下面是小編收集整理的英語論文開題報(bào)告范文，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).
dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.
第五篇：英語論文開題報(bào)告
英語論文開題報(bào)告
在日常生活和工作中，大家逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到報(bào)告的重要性，我們?cè)趯憟?bào)告的時(shí)候要注意語言要準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔。那么什么樣的報(bào)告才是有效的呢？以下是小編收集整理的英語論文開題報(bào)告，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
英語論文開題報(bào)告1一、論文題目：classroom interaction and oral english teaching
通過對(duì)目前已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來并比較成熟的幾種互動(dòng)模式的歸納來看：關(guān)于人際互動(dòng)這種互動(dòng)模式在目前的互動(dòng)性研究中被單獨(dú)研究還比較少，沒有被當(dāng)作一種獨(dú)立的模式應(yīng)用到英語口語課堂教學(xué)中，它更多的是被貫穿到其他幾種互動(dòng)模式當(dāng)中。因此，本論題認(rèn)為它還有進(jìn)一步研究的空間。
本論題將以教育心理學(xué)的理論為基礎(chǔ)，以互動(dòng)理論和構(gòu)建主義理論為依據(jù)，運(yùn)用歸納總結(jié)的方法對(duì)已有的研究進(jìn)行宏觀上的概述，從而引出本文論題，通過例證分析、驗(yàn)證人際互動(dòng)模式對(duì)課堂英語口語教學(xué)效果的提高所具有的重要意義。
英語論文開題報(bào)告2the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).
dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.
英語論文開題報(bào)告3摘要
中國(guó)一向是禮儀之邦，禮儀對(duì)每個(gè)中國(guó)人來說是非常重要的，無論是會(huì)見親朋好友或者是在人與人的打交道上，都離不開禮儀。禮儀被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)人道德修養(yǎng)的表現(xiàn)，一個(gè)人若毫無禮儀可言，那么他在學(xué)習(xí)或工作時(shí)都將不會(huì)很順利，因?yàn)闆]有人愿意和這樣一個(gè)人相處。 由于社交禮儀在我們的生活中扮演了越來越重要的角色，我在選課的時(shí)候就選修了社交禮儀這門課程。通過這一個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)，我從老師那里學(xué)到了許多有關(guān)社交禮儀方面的知識(shí)，不僅拓寬了知識(shí)面，而且許多東西在我的日常生活和以后的工作中都有很大用處，比如商務(wù)禮儀。
如今隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，特別是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的不斷形成，各國(guó)間的聯(lián)系加強(qiáng)，商務(wù)往來增多，如何才能在眾多企業(yè)中脫穎而出，除了需要卓越的能力外，還要掌握有效溝通及妥善人際關(guān)系，建立良好優(yōu)雅的企業(yè)形象，此時(shí)，商務(wù)禮儀便起到了一個(gè)十分重要的作用。商務(wù)禮儀顧名思義就是商務(wù)活動(dòng)中對(duì)人的儀容儀表和言談舉止的普遍要求，體現(xiàn)了人與人之間的相互尊重，同時(shí)也約束了商務(wù)活動(dòng)中的某些方面。而在商務(wù)往來中，任何一個(gè)表現(xiàn)都可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致意想不到的結(jié)果，也許是一塊手表，也許是一頓晚餐。
學(xué)習(xí)了商務(wù)禮儀之后更加讓我意識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。學(xué)習(xí)商務(wù)禮儀最主要的是可以提高個(gè)人的素養(yǎng)。比爾蓋茨曾講過，企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，是員工素質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，進(jìn)而到企業(yè)，就是企業(yè)形象的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，教養(yǎng)體現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)，細(xì)節(jié)展示素質(zhì)，可見一個(gè)人的素養(yǎng)高低對(duì)企業(yè)的發(fā)展是多么重要??！其次是為了交際應(yīng)酬，因?yàn)樯虅?wù)活動(dòng)中畢竟是離不開這個(gè)的，在不同的交往活動(dòng)中我們會(huì)遇到不同的人，而面對(duì)不同的人怎樣進(jìn)行交往也是一門藝術(shù)，如何讓人感到舒服，卻又沒有拍馬屁的嫌疑是非常關(guān)鍵的。最后便是有助于維護(hù)企業(yè)形象。在商務(wù)交往中，個(gè)人便代表了整體，個(gè)人的所作所為，一舉一動(dòng)，一言一行，就是企業(yè)的典型活體廣告。
下面將從以下幾點(diǎn)來對(duì)我所學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行總結(jié)：
1交際與禮儀產(chǎn)生的歷史背景
人類最早的禮儀活動(dòng)也就是禮儀萌芽時(shí)期，可以追朔到原始社會(huì)， 當(dāng)時(shí)的禮儀較為簡(jiǎn)單和虔誠(chéng)且不具備階級(jí)性，禮儀的內(nèi)容包括；制定了明確血緣關(guān)系的婚嫁禮儀；區(qū)別部族內(nèi)部尊卑等級(jí)的禮制；為祭天敬神的制定的一些祭奠儀式；制定一些人們?cè)谙嗷ソ煌鶗r(shí)表示禮節(jié)表示恭敬的動(dòng)作。
禮儀形成的具體時(shí)期則是；夏、商、西周（公元前21世紀(jì)公元前771年）人類逐步進(jìn)入奴隸社會(huì)，階級(jí)開始形成，統(tǒng)治階級(jí)為了鞏固自己的統(tǒng)治地位把原始宗教禮儀發(fā)展成為符合奴隸社會(huì)政治需要的禮制。在這個(gè)階段中國(guó)第一次形成了比較完整的國(guó)家禮儀與制度，隨著生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，商業(yè)逐步開始出現(xiàn)，直到春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，禮儀制度開始變革，禮儀范圍擴(kuò)大，商業(yè)在社會(huì)中逐步被認(rèn)可，人們因?yàn)樯虅?wù)活動(dòng)而進(jìn)行的往來也逐步增多，并在商務(wù)活動(dòng)中的交際中另外形成了一套禮儀制度商務(wù)禮儀。
到歐洲中世紀(jì)，工業(yè)革命的出現(xiàn) 使得生產(chǎn)力空前的發(fā)展，歐洲各國(guó)開始逐步入資本主義，商業(yè)占據(jù)了社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的主導(dǎo)地位，資本家大量聚集了社會(huì)財(cái)富，新貴由此族誕生，資本家之間的商務(wù)往來與交際范圍開始擴(kuò)大，貴族之間定期的聚會(huì)則成為了重要的交際方式之一，在交際中所產(chǎn)生的禮儀日漸完善，由此，商務(wù)禮儀也正式形成。部分內(nèi)容沿用至今。 2禮儀的含義及種類
禮儀是規(guī)范自己、尊重他人的一種行為規(guī)范，是表現(xiàn)對(duì)他人尊重和理解的過程和手段。。禮儀中的禮字指的是尊重，尊重自己，尊重他人，而禮儀中的儀就是儀式，是一種尊重自己，尊重他人的表現(xiàn)形式。它是人際交往中必不可少的一種手過程，是塑造形像的手段，是人們生
活和社會(huì)交往中逐漸形成的行為規(guī)范和禮儀規(guī)范。
禮儀的種類分有多種，主要有以下大類：
1.古代禮儀。中國(guó)自古以來就是禮儀之邦，禮儀文明作為中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分，對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展起了廣泛深遠(yuǎn)的影響，其內(nèi)容是十分豐富的，很多古代禮儀文化到今天仍然有積極、普片意義的文明禮儀，如：尊老敬賢，儀尚適宜，禮貌待人，容儀有整。尊老敬賢，我國(guó)自原始社會(huì)就已經(jīng)逐漸形成的禮儀，在古代社會(huì)，人際的政治倫理關(guān)系均以氏族、家庭的血緣關(guān)系為紐帶，故此在家庭里面遵從祖上，在社會(huì)尊敬長(zhǎng)輩，是古代禮儀的典型例子。而由于中國(guó)古代社會(huì)推崇禮治和仁政，敬賢已經(jīng)成為一種歷史的要求。孟子說：養(yǎng)老尊賢，俊杰在位，則有慶古代這種傳統(tǒng)禮儀，對(duì)于形成有序和諧的倫理關(guān)系，不管過去和現(xiàn)代，都起著重要作用。儀尚適宜，，是指一些中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的各種特定的.禮俗和規(guī)定。每個(gè)諸如春節(jié)，元宵，中秋都有其各自的禮俗和講究。在今天我們依然保持著這些優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，并且貴在適宜，如《二程集》中所說奢自文生，文過則奢，不足為儉，可見，儀式的規(guī)模在于得當(dāng)，避免奢侈浪費(fèi)。禮貌待人，是任何一個(gè)文明社會(huì)，任何一個(gè)文明民族都十分重視的。因?yàn)槎Y貌是人類社會(huì)構(gòu)建起與他人和睦相處的橋梁，它標(biāo)志這一個(gè)社會(huì)的文明程序，是中華民族文化的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。容儀有整，是其修養(yǎng)、文明程度的表現(xiàn)。古人認(rèn)為，容儀有整不僅是能夠保持個(gè)人的尊嚴(yán)，還有助于進(jìn)德修業(yè)。它反映出一個(gè)人的修養(yǎng)和生活態(tài)度。
2.禮儀的第二大類是社交禮儀。社交禮儀，顧名思義，就是指現(xiàn)代人際交往中流行的各種禮儀，如服務(wù)禮儀，商務(wù)禮儀，學(xué)校禮儀，職場(chǎng)工作禮儀等，它概括了在現(xiàn)代社交場(chǎng)合中各種禮儀行為。社交禮儀是指人們?cè)谌穗H交往過程中所具備的基本素質(zhì)，交際能力等。社交在當(dāng)今社會(huì)人際交往中發(fā)揮的作用愈顯重要。通過社交，人們可以溝通心靈，建立深厚友誼，取得支持與幫助；通過社交，人們可以互通信息，共享資源，對(duì)取得事業(yè)成功大有獲益。社交禮儀是指在人際交往和國(guó)際交往活動(dòng)中，用于表示尊重、親善和友好的首選行為規(guī)范和慣用形式。這一定義包含了以下幾層意思：第一，社交禮儀是一種道德行為規(guī)范。規(guī)范就是規(guī)矩、章法、條條框框，也就是說社交禮儀是對(duì)人的行為進(jìn)行約束的條條框框，告訴你要怎么做，不要怎么做。如你到老師辦公室辦事，進(jìn)門前要先敲門，若不敲門就直接闖進(jìn)去是失禮的。社交禮儀比起法律、紀(jì)律，其約束力要弱得多，違反社交禮儀規(guī)范，只能讓別人產(chǎn)生厭惡[2]，別人不能對(duì)你進(jìn)行制裁，為此，社交禮儀的約束要靠道德修養(yǎng)的自律。 第二，社交禮儀的直接目的是表示對(duì)他人的尊重。尊重是社交禮儀的本質(zhì)。人都有被尊重的高級(jí)精神需要，當(dāng)在社會(huì)交往活動(dòng)過程中，按照社交禮儀的要求去做，就會(huì)使人獲得尊重的滿足，從而獲得愉悅，由此達(dá)到人與人之間關(guān)系的和諧。 第三，社交禮儀的根本目的是為了維護(hù)社會(huì)正常的生活秩序。沒有它，社會(huì)正常的生活秩序就會(huì)遭到破壞，在這方面，它和法律、紀(jì)律共同起作用，也正是因?yàn)檫@一目的，無論是資本主義社會(huì)還是社會(huì)主義社會(huì)都非常重視社交禮儀規(guī)范建設(shè)。 第四，社交禮儀要求在人際交往、社會(huì)交往活動(dòng)中遵守。這是它的范圍，超出這個(gè)范圍，社交禮儀規(guī)范就不一定適用了
商務(wù)禮儀能展示企業(yè)的文明程度、管理風(fēng)格和道德水準(zhǔn)，塑造企業(yè)形象。良好的企業(yè)形象是企業(yè)的無形資產(chǎn)，無疑可以為企業(yè)帶來直接的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。一個(gè)人講究禮儀，就會(huì)在眾人面前樹立良好的個(gè)人形象；一個(gè)組織的成員講究禮儀，就會(huì)為自己的組織樹立良好的形象，贏得公眾的贊譽(yù)?，F(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)除了產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)外，更體現(xiàn)在形象競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。一個(gè)良好信譽(yù)和形象的公司或企業(yè)，就容易獲得社會(huì)各方的信任和支持，就可在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中處于不敗之地。
英語論文開題報(bào)告4一、選題來源、目的和意義：
本選題重在研究中西文化之間的差異以及這些差異對(duì)商務(wù)談判的影響，最后得出商務(wù)談判應(yīng)該采用的策略。
隨著我國(guó)加入WTO，國(guó)際貿(mào)易和對(duì)外交往將日益頻繁，國(guó)家與國(guó)家之間、企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間、個(gè)人與個(gè)人之間，由于存在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的協(xié)調(diào)，無時(shí)無處不需要談判。出口商和進(jìn)口商要消除分歧，達(dá)成一項(xiàng)公平的相互之間滿意的交易，大多是通過商務(wù)談判才能做到的。因此與外界交往合作的主要方式 —— 跨文化商務(wù)談判在社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的地位越來越重要。因此，和外商談判打交道的時(shí)候，不要忽略一些看似微不足道的細(xì)節(jié)，那些都有可能是成敗的關(guān)鍵。只有正確探悉、學(xué)習(xí)和熟悉不同國(guó)家的文化差異，意識(shí)到他們的重要性，才能更好地探討商務(wù)談判的策略，為最后談判的成功奠定基礎(chǔ)和提供理論依據(jù)。
二、課題的主要內(nèi)容(項(xiàng)目概要)：
1.談判與文化的綜述
2.文化差異因素對(duì)國(guó)際商務(wù)談判的影響
2.1 語言和非語言差異的影響
2.2 思維方式差異的影響
2.3 價(jià)值觀念差異的影響
3.應(yīng)對(duì)商務(wù)談判文化差異問題的對(duì)策
3.1 樹立跨文化的談判意識(shí)
3.2 談判前做好充足的準(zhǔn)備
3.3 懂得談判對(duì)方的語言
3.4 對(duì)待文化問題應(yīng)持有的態(tài)度
4.結(jié)尾
三、實(shí)施計(jì)劃(設(shè)計(jì)工作的主要階段、進(jìn)度和完成時(shí)間等)：
11月11日 畢業(yè)論文動(dòng)員大會(huì)
11月12日-12月1日 下達(dá)任務(wù)書
12月 2日-12月31日 確定論文題目
1月1日—1月31日 進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)資料的收集、篩選、做讀書筆記。
2月1日—2月28日 完成論文詳細(xì)提綱，交指導(dǎo)老師修改，補(bǔ)充。
3月1日—3月30日 進(jìn)行畢業(yè)論文初稿寫作。
4月1日—5月19日 畢業(yè)論文修改。
5月20日—6月5日 畢業(yè)論文定稿、裝訂、答辯。
四、參考文獻(xiàn)：
<1>李信，《中西方文化比較概論》，航空工業(yè)出版社，20xx.6
<2>李郁、張泳，淺談國(guó)際商務(wù)談判中的跨文化問題及對(duì)策[J]，商業(yè)研究，20xx.7
<3>廖瑛，《外貿(mào)談判英語》，對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社，20xx.2
<4>肖云南，《國(guó)際商務(wù)談判》，清華大學(xué)和北方交通大學(xué)出版社，20xx.5
<5>楊晶，《商務(wù)談判》，清華大學(xué)出版社，20xx.1
<6>姚立，《商務(wù)談判—理論、實(shí)務(wù)、風(fēng)格》，中國(guó)城市出版社，20xx.3
<7>袁其剛，《國(guó)際商務(wù)談判》，山東人民出版社，20xx.2
點(diǎn)擊咨詢 