英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告（精選29篇）

篇1：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

課題研究現(xiàn)狀：

English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary. The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages. Halliday and Hason (1976) pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms (ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function). Another scholar, Fernando C. (1996), also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects.

Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin (1994, 1996), Zhu Yongsheng (1995, 1996, 1997) and Zhang Delu (1994) mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.

課題研究目的：

This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them. It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion, attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically, thus more effectively.

課題研究?jī)?nèi)容：

As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken. This dissertation includes the following five aspects:

1. Introduction.

2. A General Study of English Idioms

2.1 The Definition of English Idioms

2.2 Features of English Idioms.

3. Cohesive Function of English Idioms

3.1 Cohesion.

3.2 Functional Categories.

3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms 3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms.

4. The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics

4.1 Syntactic Cohesion

4.2 Pragmatic Function

5. Conclusion.

課題研究計(jì)劃：

January 22-March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outline.

March 26-April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisors advice May 1 June 10: refinement of the paper according to teachers suggestion.

June 11 June 22: finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence.

主要參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1] Fernando, C. Idioms and Idiomaticity. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000

[2] Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hason. Cohesion in English. Longman Press, 1985

[3] Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press, 1980

[4] Makkai, A. Idiom Structure in English. The Hague Press,1972

[5] 林承璋. 英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)引論[M]. 武漢大學(xué)出版社，1987

[6] 陸國(guó)強(qiáng). 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)[M]. 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 1999

[7] 汪榕培, 盧曉娟. 英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)教程[M]. 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 1999

篇2：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

On the Relationship between Money and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice

《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中金錢與婚姻的關(guān)系

I. Literature Review

Pride and Prejudice is a very popular novel written by Jane Austen and it is read widely all over the world. It was written in 1813. That specific history time decided that people at that time took money much more seriously, even on their marriage. From the ancient times to the present, there are many studies about Jane Austen and her major works.

In 1813, Oxford World's Classics for the first time recorded and published the work Pride and Prejudice and aroused great repercussion around the world. Then, in 1826 after the work has been widely read, Sir Walter Scott analyzed Pride and Prejudice from an overall perspective. In his article “The Journal of Sir Walter Scott”, he summarized the features of Jane Austen, he said that “Jane Austen has a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful that I ever met with.”The background of Pride and Prejudice was reflected in his points that Pride and Prejudice was the description about the descent life and communication in her familiar country. The author Jane was born in a country clergyman’s family, she had six novels published all her life and six novels share a general writing style and show her viewpoints on love and marriage. Having a talent for describing trivial things of ordinary people, she was the first to write novels of realism in the 19th century.

Nowadays, we would like to pay more attention to the marriages in Pride and Prejudice. The first Chinese study on the marriage in Pride and Prejudice would be Zhu Aiping, and in her article “Attitude Toward Marriage in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice”, she expressed her point that“By the stories we can see, It mainly tells of the love story between a rich, proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent woman Elizabeth Bennet.” So we know that Pride and Prejudice is a story about the five Bennet sisters and their search for suitable husband, of which Darcy and Elizabeth only depend on the help of Lady de Burgh became a happy pair. Just before the conversation between Elizabeth and Lady de Burgh, both Darcy and Elizabeth dare not to have the wild wish of their love. Though they have cleaned up the misunderstanding between them and understood each other further, there are no earnest feeling, no loath to pant each other, no strong desire of living together between them. Instead of that, there is a little diffidence and a little caution. Only the Lady de Burgh’s tempting to break them up encourages them and helps to bring about their marriage. How passive of the pair youth to pursue love and happiness.

The author made a further analysis, “it is the inevitable result of the marriage concept, which in that time was based on the economic condition and affected by the family status.”Besides the main story of this happy pair, also told are the minor ones about the union between the rich bachelor Bingley and the beautiful mild Jane, another happy pair; about the servile clergyman Collins, who firs propose to Elizabeth and when refused, marries the plain 27-year-old Charlotte Lucas, through which we see the reality of marriage, not because of love, but a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood; and about the elopement of the thoughtless couple Lydia and Wickham, from which we are shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.

At the same time, another scholar Huang Rong published a paper called “Thought of Marriage in Jane Austen’ Pride and prejudice”. The paper agreed that in the opening sentence of Pride and Prejudice, there are two important words “fortune” and “want”. “Fortune” is the basis of marriage, while “want” provides the marriage chance for those unmarried women. We can read “fortune” everywhere in the novel, and “money” played an important role in marriage. Because women had no economic ability and status, they usually got married conventionally when they were old enough, no other than they became one’s wife, just had their own status, and be acknowledged by society only after getting married. The seeming preoccupation with money in connection with marriage in Jane Austen’s work may mislead modern readers. While there is no lack of greed and shallow materialism on the part of some characters, even sensible people must devote serious thought to this topic, since it is rather foolhardy to marry without having a more-or-less guaranteed income in advance―not only was marriage for life, but there was no social security, old age pensions, unemployment compensation, health insurance, etc.

Latter, a scholar called Xin Shulan from Langfang Teachers College raised an article from a totally new perspective on woman’s situation in Jane Austen’s age. The title of the article called “Women’s Happiness Secret―On Elizabeth’s Marriage Choice in Pride and Prejudice”. We can guess what the author wants to say in her article. The author said “a woman who did not marry could generally only look forward to living with her relatives as a “dependant” (more or less Jane Austen’s situation), so that marriage is pretty much the only way of ever getting out from under the parental roof―unless, of course, her family could not support her, in which case she could face the unpleasant necessity of going to live with employers as a dependant governess or teacher, or hired lady’s companion.” A woman with no relations or employer was in danger of slipping off the scale of gentility altogether and in general, becoming an “old maid” was not considered a desirable fate (so when Charlotte Lucas, at age 27, marries Mr. Collins, her brothers are “relieved from their apprehension of Charlotte’s dying an old maid”, and Lydia says “Jane will be quite an old maid soon, I declare. She is almost three and twenty!”). Given all this, some women were willing to marry just because marriage was the only allowed route to financial security, or to escape an uncongenial family situation. In Pride and Prejudice, the dilemma is expressed most clearly by the character Charlotte Lucas, whose pragmatic views on marrying are voiced several times in the novel: “Without thinking highly either of men or of matrimony, marriage had always been her object; it was the only honorable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune, and however uncertain of giving happiness, must be their pleasantest preservative from want.” She is 27, not especially beautiful (according to both she herself and Mrs. Bennet), and without an especially large “portion”, and so decides to marry Mr. Collins “from the pure and disinterested desire of an establishment”.

Marriage and marriage-related activities in the Pride and Prejudice were a series of humorous descriptions; how man picks up his wife and how the young women and their mothers choose their future husband constitute many wonderful scenes of the novel. In this marital relationship study work the writer strives to portray several different marriage and love relationships. Although they have entered the marriage under siege, the degree of happiness of marriage is different. This is because in Jane Austen’s work, love is not the only reason for marriage, money is also closely related. For me I want to make a further study on this famous work; I want to make a study on the four marriages happened in the novel: Elizabeth and Darcy, Jane and Bingley, Lucas and Collins, and Lydia and Wickham. The different reasons, purposes and backgrounds make every marriage unique; how important money or economic status is in the marriage at that time; the women’s pursuit of marriage freedom and the future development of marriage.

II. Significance and Emphasis

In Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen created a realistic family image, by introducing some of the imperfections that many families encounter. The Bennet family, consisting of five daughters, a marriage obsessed mother, and an unhappily married father, contain many of these difficulties. Throughout the love, joy, heartache and pain, which evolved from the series of events the Bennet family encountered, one character in particular, Miss Elizabeth Bennet, viewed her family from another perspective. Elizabeth Bennet, though a very loving and respectable woman, had developed a rather poor opinion of her family: Had Elizabeth's opinion been all drawn from her own family, she could not have formed a very pleasing picture of conjugal felicity or domestic comfort.

As the second daughter of her family, Elizabeth had to deal with the many discomforts of being a daughter of five. Though Elizabeth loved her sisters dearly, she found it difficult not to see the differences between them, and in turn, each of their actions contributed to her perspective of her family. One sister in particular, Miss Lydia Bennet, caused Elizabeth the greatest concern. Lydia was a self-willed and careless individual that cared only about men and marriage. As one of the youngest sisters, Lydia felt neglected from the opportunities her eldest sisters received. In turn, Lydia became the flirt of the family, causing embarrassment not only to herself, but as well to her family. When Lydia eloped to London, Elizabeth feared that the source of her behavior was derived from the negative behavior of her parents.

Not only did Elizabeth fear for Lydia’s sake, she feared as well for her other sister, Catherine, who was under the direct influence of Lydia: Catherine, weak-spirited, irritable, and completely under Lydia’s guidance. While supported by their mother’s indulgence, the two ignorant, idle, and vain sisters, was a subject that Jane and Elizabeth often united to check the imprudence of Catherine and Lydia. Besides the poorly thought out actions of Catherine and Lydia, Elizabeth had no problems with her other sister Mary, who mainly kept to herself, and Jane, the eldest sister, whom she shared a very close friendship with. Besides the faults of some of Elizabeth's sisters, one of the biggest faults of their family was the relationship between her father, Mr. Bennet, and her mother, Mrs. Bennet: she had never felt as strongly as now, the disadvantages which must attend the children of so unsuitable a marriage. Though Elizabeth loved her father dearly, she was unable to be blind to the impropriety of her father's behavior as a husband.

Though made up of an odd mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve, and caprice, he was a man of few words and was clearly unable to make his wife understand his character. In the decade of the Bennets, marriage was clearly seen through beauty and fortune. It became evident, after resentment had settled in, that Mr. Bennet had married for other reasons besides love: Her father captivated by youth and beauty/ had married a woman whose weak understandings and illiberal mind, had very early in their marriage put an end to all real affection for her. Mr. Bonnet's poor decision making had indeed hurt Elizabeth and impacted her opinion of her family, but by respecting his abilities, and being grateful for his affectionate treatment of herself, Elizabeth knew that her father was a man of good intentions. Besides the impression Mr. Bonnet’s faults had on Elizabeth, her mother’s faults as well, contributed much to Elizabeth’s poor opinion. Mrs. Bennet had not made marriage between her and Mr. Bennet any easier as her ignorance and folly had contributed to his amusement. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. Elizabeth found it difficult to deal with her mother's improper judgment and nervous behavior. Mrs. Bennet often over exaggerated small incidents and was very demanding in her ways. As a mother of five daughters, it was acceptable for her to be concerned for her daughters’ future. But Mrs. Bonnet’s entire business of her life was to get her daughters married. Elizabeth loved her mother and was appreciative of her mother’s concerns, but Elizabeth was also not blind to her mother’s intentions. After Mrs. Bonnet’s desperate attempt to get her to marry Mr. Collins, Elizabeth became fully aware of her mother’s self indulgent intentions, fore Mrs. Bennet was seeking a man who would either allow her to remain at Longbourn or would bring fortune into the Bennet family. Elizabeth on the other hand was nothing like her mother; fore Elizabeth sought love and romance as her basis of marriage. Therefore, through her and her mother’s differences, Elizabeth was left with disappointment. Through the series of events the Bennet family encountered, Elizabeth began to perceive each member of her family from a different angle, and in turn, began to accept her family’s faults. After this realization, she was not only able to start accepting the faults of her family, but she was able to start accepting her own faults as well.

III. Brief Statement

Jane Austen (1775--1817) is a famous English novelist. In 18th century England, an important concern of conventional marriage is property, which is closely related to the social conditions. Another concern is status, which is decided by the social traditional values. She has her personal view on marriage: Though a considerable fortune is necessary for a happy marriage, love is the most fundamental condition. In addition, in choosing a suitable spouse, class hierarchy or social lineage should be taken into consideration. Among her works, Pride and Prejudice is the most outstanding one representing her view toward love and marriage.

This thesis intends to probe into the four couple’s love and marriages in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice through analyzing Maslow’s theory of Hierarchy of Needs in Humanistic Psychology: The combination of Wickham and Lydia is absolute an impulse of “Physiological Needs”. Marriage of Collins and Charlotte mainly meets “Physiological Needs” and “Safety Needs” while embodies little “Love Needs”. The process of the love and marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth is an integration of “Love Needs” and “Esteem Needs”. Furthermore, it reflects “Self-actualization Needs”.

This thesis falls into five parts. Through introducing the background of Jane Austen and using Maslow’s theory of Hierarchy of Needs, the thesis analyzes the four couples’ love and marriages in the novel Pride and Prejudice. In a word, a marriage for love is a happy one; a marriage either for money or lust is an unhappy one; property and social status play an important role in marriage; it is opposed to be married simply for money.

IV. Outline

1. Introduction

1.1 The Background of Jane Austin

1.2 The Background of Pride and Prejudice

2. The Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice

2.1 Charlotte and Collins

2.2 Lydia and Wickham

2.3 Jane and Mr. Bingley

2.4 Darcy and Elizabeth

3. The Different Understandings about Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice

3.1 The Marriage Based on Feelings of Love

3.2 The Marriage Based on Vanity and Carelessness

3.3 The Marriage Based on Money or Benefit

Biography

[1]Annette, Rubinstein. 1967. Great Tradition in English Literature from Shakespeare to Austen, New York: Monthly Review Press.

[2]Austin, Jane. 1991. Pride and Prejudice. Beijing: Beijing Foreign language Study Association.

[3]Bu Yayun. 2001. Irony In Pride and Prejudice. HuZhou: Journal of HuZhou Teachers Collage.

[4]He Shenying. 2001. A Perfect Marriage Wants True love as well as Money. Yuxi: Journal of YuXi Teacher Collage.

[5]Huang Rong. 2007. Thoughts of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice. Wuhan: Wu Han University of science and technology.

[6]London, Duranna. 2007. Marriage in Jane Austen’s Pride and prejudice. Oxford: Pergamon.

[7]Penn, Merlin. 2007. Money and marriage in Pride and Prejudice. London: Longman.

[8]Sampson, George. 1988. The Concise Cambridge History of English Literature. London: Cambridge Universit.

[9]Thornley G. 1984. An Outline of English Literature. Hong Kong: Longman World Publishing Corporation.

[10]奧斯汀(Austen, J)，雷立美譯，2003，《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》，?？冢耗戏匠霭嫔?。

[11]常耀信，2000，《英國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史》，天津：南開(kāi)大學(xué)出版社。

[12]傅俊，2002，《試論簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和女性視角》，鎮(zhèn)江：鎮(zhèn)江高專學(xué)報(bào)04期。

[13]王守仁，2003，《英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀》，北京：高等教育出版社。

[14]辛淑蘭，2006，《超越傲慢和偏見(jiàn)》，天津：天津師范大學(xué)出版社。

[15]辛淑蘭，2009，《淺談傲慢與偏見(jiàn)中伊麗莎白的婚姻選擇》，廊坊：廊坊師范學(xué)院報(bào)。

[16]朱虹，1985，《奧斯汀研究》，北京:中國(guó)文聯(lián)出版公司。

篇3：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

下面是一篇英語(yǔ)論文的開(kāi)題報(bào)告范例，反應(yīng)了開(kāi)題報(bào)告的格式和寫法，有一定的借鑒價(jià)值。

function and application of descriptive translation studies

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).

dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

2 outline

2.1 development and major concepts of dts

in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 dts in contrast to other theories

a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 case study

in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be

under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 conclusion

based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

it is therefore pointless to try to make tc more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”

篇4：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

一、論文題目：classroom interaction and oral english teaching

二、研究現(xiàn)狀：

三、研究的目的及意義：

通過(guò)對(duì)目前已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來(lái)并比較成熟的幾種互動(dòng)模式的歸納來(lái)看：關(guān)于人際互動(dòng)這種互動(dòng)模式在目前的互動(dòng)性研究中被單獨(dú)研究還比較少，沒(méi)有被當(dāng)作一種獨(dú)立的模式應(yīng)用到英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)中，它更多的是被貫穿到其他幾種互動(dòng)模式當(dāng)中。因此，本論題認(rèn)為它還有進(jìn)一步研究的空間。

四、研究的理論依據(jù)和研究方法：

本論題將以教育心理學(xué)的`理論為基礎(chǔ)，以互動(dòng)理論和構(gòu)建主義理論為依據(jù)，運(yùn)用歸納總結(jié)的方法對(duì)已有的研究進(jìn)行宏觀上的概述，從而引出本文論題，通過(guò)例證分析、驗(yàn)證人際互動(dòng)模式對(duì)課堂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)效果的提高所具有的重要意義。

五、提綱：

introduction

chapter one definition and theoretical basis of interaction

1.1 definition of interaction

1.3 some main interactive modes in the present classroom

chapter two the necessity and the principles of following interaction-teaching mode

2.1 the disadvantage of traditional oral english teaching mode

2.2 the necessity and merit of taking interaction-teaching mode

2.3 oral english interaction-teaching mode should follow the principles

chapter three personal interaction in the oral english teaching

3.1 the relationship between the teacher and students

3.2 two types of personal interaction

3.3 classroom climate

3.4 classroom size

chapter four the evaluation of the interactive oral english teaching mode

4.1 some principles should follow when evaluating

4.2 the concept of evaluating

4.3 the technology of evaluating

conclusion

六、參考文獻(xiàn)

jonssen, dh..thinking technology: toward a constructivist design model [j].educational technolgy. 3 (1994): 34-35.

littlewood, william. communicative language teaching [m].cambridge: cambridge university press .1981.

盧艷春, 路雅琴.“構(gòu)建主義與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué).” 前沿雜志. 11 (xx):98-100.

司洪海.“構(gòu)建主義理論與英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué).” 基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)教育. 4 (xx):8-9.

吳蕾.“構(gòu)建主義在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用.” 東華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社科版).7 (xx年):23-24.

篇5：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

function and application of descriptive translation studies

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

2 outline

2.1 development and major concepts of dts

2.2 methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 dts in contrast to other theories

2.4 case study

in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be

under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 conclusion

(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

篇6：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to eXPlore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and eXPlanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and eXPlanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and eXPlanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”2

篇7：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

系別：外語(yǔ)系專業(yè)：英語(yǔ) 所選題目名稱：

English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function

課題研究現(xiàn)狀：

English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary. The general tendencies of presentday English are towards more idiomatic usages. Halliday and Hason （1976） pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms （ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function）。 Another scholar, Fernando C. （1996）， also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects.

Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin （1994, 1996）， Zhu Yongsheng （1995, 1996, 1997） and Zhang Delu （1994） mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.

課題研究目的：

課題研究?jī)?nèi)容：

As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken. This dissertation includes the following five aspects: 1. Introduction.

2. A General Study of English Idioms 2.1 The Definition of English Idioms 2.2 Features of English Idioms.

3. Cohesive Function of English Idioms 3.1 Cohesion.

3.2 Functional Categories.

3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms 3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms.

4. The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics 4.1 Syntactic Cohesion 4.2 Pragmatic Function 5. Conclusion.

課題研究計(jì)劃：

January 22March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outline.

March 26April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10: refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion.

June 11?June 22: finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence.

主要參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1] Fernando, C. Idioms and Idiomaticity. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000

[2] Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hason. Cohesion in English. Longman Press, 1985

[3] Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press, 1980

[4] Makkai, A. Idiom Structure in English. The Hague Press,1972

[5] 林承璋。英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)引論[M]. 武漢大學(xué)出版社，1987

[6] 陸國(guó)強(qiáng)。現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)[M]. 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社， 1999

[7] 汪榕培，盧曉娟。英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)教程[M]. 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社， 1999

指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)：

簽字：**年**月**日

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組意見(jiàn)：***

篇8：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

為進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)格學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范，加強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)學(xué)生論文寫作的有效指導(dǎo)以及減少學(xué)生在寫作過(guò)程的盲目性，外語(yǔ)系特要求學(xué)生在論文選題和論文寫作前期與指導(dǎo)教師保持聯(lián)系，認(rèn)真撰寫開(kāi)題報(bào)告。外語(yǔ)系特對(duì)本屆畢業(yè)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告作以下規(guī)定:

I、英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫作語(yǔ)言為英文(填寫畢業(yè)論文登記表中“開(kāi)題報(bào)告”用中文)。

II、開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫作步驟為:

1、Title (論文題目)

2、Thesis Statement (中心論點(diǎn))

3、Purpose and Significance of Study (研究目的和意義)

4、Situation of Study (研究現(xiàn)狀)

5、Difficulty of Study (研究難點(diǎn))

6、Detailed Outline (詳細(xì)提綱)

7、References (參考文獻(xiàn))。

III、學(xué)生按規(guī)定時(shí)間完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告后，指導(dǎo)教師組織小組開(kāi)題并填寫審核意見(jiàn)。

IV、指導(dǎo)教師同意后，學(xué)生方可進(jìn)行論文寫作。

V、本期末學(xué)生離校前須與指導(dǎo)教師見(jiàn)面，商討下一步寫作計(jì)劃等事宜。

VI、下期開(kāi)學(xué)報(bào)到后小組長(zhǎng)召集全組成員與指導(dǎo)教師見(jiàn)面，匯報(bào)論文資料收集或?qū)懽髦写嬖诘膯?wèn)題。

VII、參考文獻(xiàn)要求用APA格式或MLA格式。

VIII、頁(yè)面設(shè)置

紙型:A4(210 X 297毫米)即寬度:21厘米，高度29.7厘米。

頁(yè)邊距:上1.8厘米、下1.35厘米;左2.2厘米、右1.8厘米。裝訂線位置:左側(cè)，裝訂線:0厘米，距邊界:頁(yè)眉1.6，頁(yè)腳1.6。每頁(yè):32行，跨度23.5磅。

篇9：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science、From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence、Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective、Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community、Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation、The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive、The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned、Translation phenomena are noted down、With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice、I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS、“Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation、Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies、Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions、Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

篇10：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

系別:外語(yǔ)系專業(yè):英語(yǔ) 所選題目名稱:

English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function

一、課題研究現(xiàn)狀:

English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary、The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages、Halliday and Hason (1976) pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms (ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function)、Another scholar, Fernando C、(1996), also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects.

Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin (1994, 1996), Zhu Yongsheng (1995, 1996, 1997) and Zhang Delu (1994) mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.

二、課題研究目的:

This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them、It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion, attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically, thus more effectively.

三、課題研究?jī)?nèi)容:

As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken、This dissertation includes the following five aspects: 1、Introduction

2、A General Study of English Idioms 2.1 The Definition of English Idioms 2.2 Features of English Idioms

3、Cohesive Function of English Idioms 3.1 Cohesion

3.2 Functional Categories

3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms 3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms

4、The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics 4.1 Syntactic Cohesion 4.2 Pragmatic Function 5、Conclusion

四、課題研究計(jì)劃:

January 22-March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outline

March 26-April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10: refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion

June 11?June 22: finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence

五、主要參考文獻(xiàn):

[1] Fernando, C、Idioms and Idiomaticity、Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000

[2] Halliday, M.A.K、and R、Hason、Cohesion in English、Longman Press, 1985

[3] Lakoff, G、and M、Johnson、Metaphors We Live By、University of Chicago Press, 1980

[4] Makkai, A、Idiom Structure in English、The Hague Press,1972

[5] 林承璋、英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)引論[M]、武漢大學(xué)出版社，1987

[6] 陸國(guó)強(qiáng)、現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)[M]、上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 1999

[7] 汪榕培, 盧曉娟、英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)教程[M]、上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 1999

篇11：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

一、論文題目:classroom interaction and oral english teaching

二、研究現(xiàn)狀:

對(duì)于課堂互動(dòng)與英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)之間的關(guān)系，國(guó)內(nèi)的研究主要集中在:

(1)構(gòu)建主義模式它是以構(gòu)建主義理論為基礎(chǔ)的互動(dòng)模式，司洪海在《構(gòu)建主義理論與英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)》中從對(duì)現(xiàn)有教學(xué)模式的“反思”入手，探討將構(gòu)建主義引入英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的必要性、可行性及其意義和作用。盧艷春和路雅琴在《構(gòu)建主義與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)》中則分別“從構(gòu)建知識(shí)觀”“構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)觀”“構(gòu)建教學(xué)觀”入手，強(qiáng)調(diào)以學(xué)生為中心的主動(dòng)性、構(gòu)建性。

(2)角色扮演模式徐志敏、王瑛在《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)中角色扮演探究》中著重探討了在角色扮演的互動(dòng)教學(xué)中教師的作用，對(duì)指導(dǎo)教學(xué)實(shí)踐具有重要的意義。而黃玉蘭在《角色扮演引入英語(yǔ)專業(yè)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中》從角色扮演是“多為互動(dòng)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)模式的應(yīng)用”探討了角色扮演這一教學(xué)方法的目的、步驟和利弊等方面。

(3)以學(xué)生為中心模式這一模式被單獨(dú)研究的較少，黃影秋在《以學(xué)生為中心提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)效果的探索中》通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)生口語(yǔ)課堂學(xué)習(xí)存在的`問(wèn)題的分析，提倡“以學(xué)生為中心”，實(shí)現(xiàn)教與學(xué)的“雙邊互動(dòng)”。并提出闡述如何運(yùn)用其他“教學(xué)策略提高口語(yǔ)的教學(xué)效果”，促進(jìn)學(xué)生交際能力的提高。而劉蓉在《談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂互動(dòng)》中則提出了互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造“以學(xué)生為中心的口語(yǔ)課堂和整體小組作業(yè)模式”，提高口語(yǔ)交際能力。

(4)合作性學(xué)習(xí)模式這種模式的研究較為普遍和盛行，它興起于美國(guó)，在后來(lái)取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展的一種教學(xué)理論與策略。黃艷在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂的應(yīng)用》中提出了以下幾種合作模式，從而的出該模式的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在。顧曉樂(lè)在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)與情景劇表演》中從情劇表演的角度來(lái)證明合作性學(xué)習(xí)的有效性。肖巧玲在《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的合作學(xué)習(xí)》中則通過(guò)合作學(xué)習(xí)在口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的實(shí)踐探究合作學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)注意的原則。而慕東文在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)、目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和實(shí)踐策略》一文中，他用“人文精神和平等民主合作”原則，對(duì)待新的理念，指導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)。

(5)情景設(shè)置模式它主要是根據(jù)gillian brown & george yuled的語(yǔ)言情景對(duì)第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得者的交際緊張、焦慮的研究表明口語(yǔ)情景設(shè)置不適當(dāng)，會(huì)影響學(xué)生用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流，進(jìn)而強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)教學(xué)情景設(shè)置的重要性。

張舍茹、孫邊旗在《英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)的情景設(shè)置>>中就論述我們應(yīng)注意“情景互動(dòng)教學(xué)中應(yīng)遵循的原則”，及如何設(shè)置“英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中情景設(shè)置的形式”兩個(gè)小方面局部性的探討了情景設(shè)置這種互動(dòng)模式。孫久榮在《論英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課的情景教學(xué)》中對(duì)情景設(shè)置這個(gè)模式從宏觀上進(jìn)行了分類，進(jìn)而得出“開(kāi)放式情景”和“封閉式情景”，為情景設(shè)置互動(dòng)模式研究開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)小領(lǐng)域。

三、研究的目的及意義:

通過(guò)對(duì)目前已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來(lái)并比較成熟的幾種互動(dòng)模式的歸納來(lái)看:關(guān)于人際互動(dòng)這種互動(dòng)模式在目前的互動(dòng)性研究中被單獨(dú)研究還比較少，沒(méi)有被當(dāng)作一種獨(dú)立的模式應(yīng)用到英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)中，它更多的是被貫穿到其他幾種互動(dòng)模式當(dāng)中。因此，本論題認(rèn)為它還有進(jìn)一步研究的空間。

四、研究的理論依據(jù)和研究方法:

本論題將以教育心理學(xué)的理論為基礎(chǔ)，以互動(dòng)理論和構(gòu)建主義理論為依據(jù)，運(yùn)用歸納總結(jié)的方法對(duì)已有的研究進(jìn)行宏觀上的概述，從而引出本文論題，通過(guò)例證分析、驗(yàn)證人際互動(dòng)模式對(duì)課堂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)效果的提高所具有的重要意義。

篇12：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

一、研究現(xiàn)狀：

本課題擬在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)法的范疇內(nèi)，通過(guò)探討如何運(yùn)用課堂提問(wèn)技巧，一方面為學(xué)生能夠根據(jù)問(wèn)題更快，更準(zhǔn)確地把握對(duì)文章的綜合理解，更好地獲取文章的內(nèi)在信息起到了積極的促進(jìn)作用，另一方面，由于本課題的內(nèi)容在目前的英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)很少，而本課題的研究將彌補(bǔ)這一方面的不足，也為廣大教師在閱讀教學(xué)中所采用的教學(xué)技巧提供了一項(xiàng)參考。它的理論意義和實(shí)踐意義將會(huì)十分顯著。

研究目標(biāo):針對(duì)課文內(nèi)容的不同，在閱讀課堂教學(xué)的各環(huán)節(jié)中精心設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題，為引導(dǎo)學(xué)生能夠積極參與閱讀教學(xué)，使其能夠帶著疑問(wèn)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行閱讀，并向?qū)W生提供盡可能多的直接使用語(yǔ)言的機(jī)會(huì)，讓學(xué)生回答問(wèn)題，分析問(wèn)題或就某一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論，幫助學(xué)生在有限的課堂中最大限度地獲取文章的內(nèi)在信息，提高其閱讀速度，分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力，從而改善閱讀課堂教學(xué)的質(zhì)量。

二、研究的目的及意義：

三、研究的理論依據(jù)和研究方法：

四、研究?jī)?nèi)容：

function and application of descriptive translation studies

introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. norm is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

五、參考文獻(xiàn)

Jonssen, DH..Thinking Technology: Toward a Constructivist Design Model [J].Educational Technolgy. 3 (1994): 34-35.

Littlewood, William. Communicative Language Teaching [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .1981.

盧艷春, 路雅琴. 構(gòu)建主義與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué). 前沿雜志. 11 (2015):98-100.

司洪海. 構(gòu)建主義理論與英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué). 基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)教育. 4 (2015):8-9.

吳蕾. 構(gòu)建主義在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用. 東華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社科版).7 (2015):23-24.

范雄飛, 黃玉蘭. 把角色扮演引入英語(yǔ)專業(yè)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)之中. 讀與寫雜志. 9 (2015):35-37.

徐志敏, 王瑛. 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)中角色扮演探究. 外語(yǔ)研究. 8 (2015):56-57.

黃影秋. 以學(xué)生為中心提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂效果. 濟(jì)南職業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào). 3 (2015): 81-88.

何亞娟. 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)的探索與實(shí)踐. 渭南師院學(xué)報(bào). 12 (2015): 72-73.

顧曉樂(lè), 黃芙蓉. 合作學(xué)習(xí)與情景劇表演. 國(guó)外外語(yǔ)教學(xué). 2 (2015):55-56.

篇13：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

function and application of descriptive translation studies

introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

outline

development and major concepts of dts

in this part i will describe holms basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

dts in contrast to other theories

case study

in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

conclusion

(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

篇14：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

function and application of descriptive translation studies

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts). dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

篇15：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

系別：外語(yǔ)系專業(yè)：英語(yǔ) 所選題目名稱：

English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function

課題研究現(xiàn)狀：

Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin (1994, 1996), Zhu Yongsheng (1995, 1996, 1997) and Zhang Delu (1994) mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.

課題研究目的：

課題研究?jī)?nèi)容：

As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken. This dissertation includes the following five aspects: 1. Introduction

2. A General Study of English Idioms 2.1 The Definition of English Idioms 2.2 Features of English Idioms

3. Cohesive Function of English Idioms 3.1 Cohesion

3.2 Functional Categories

3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms 3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms

4. The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics 4.1 Syntactic Cohesion 4.2 Pragmatic Function 5. Conclusion

課題研究計(jì)劃：

January 22-March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outline

March 26-April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10: refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion

June 11?June 22: finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence

主要參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1] Fernando, C. Idioms and Idiomaticity. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000

[2] Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hason. Cohesion in English. Longman Press, 1985

[3] Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press, 1980

[4] Makkai, A. Idiom Structure in English. The Hague Press,1972

[5] 林承璋. 英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)引論[M]. 武漢大學(xué)出版社，1987

[6] 陸國(guó)強(qiáng). 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)[M]. 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 1999

[7] 汪榕培, 盧曉娟. 英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)教程[M]. 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社, 1999

指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)：

簽字：年月日領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組意見(jiàn)：

簽字：年月日

篇16：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

專業(yè)：

研究方向：

作者：

導(dǎo) 師：

寫作時(shí)間： —

對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)

英語(yǔ)學(xué)院

(英文)

school of international studies

university of international business and economics

pragmatic strategies

in advertising: implicatures

wang ying

a thesis submitted to school of international studies of

university of international business and economics

in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the degree of master of arts

april 2002

beijing, china

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

2 outline

2.1 development and major concepts of dts

2.2 methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 dts in contrast to other theories

2.4 case study

2.5 conclusion

(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

000

- 引文范例(僅供參考)

“it is therefore pointless to try to make tc more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(wilss, 1982: 217)

‘“噢，這就是恐水病吧?你們貴族圈子怎么流行起這種病來(lái)啦?真夠嗆的!費(fèi)芬斯小姐，您喝點(diǎn)茶大概沒(méi)關(guān)系吧!”’(張南峰，1990：59-60)

附錄3- 參考文獻(xiàn)范例(僅供參考)

wilss, wolfram. the science of translation – problems and methods. gunter narr verlag tubingen,1982.

newmark, peter. a textbook of translation. new york: prentice hall, 1988.

delabastita, dirk. translating puns: a false opposition in translation studies. target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

篇17：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

論文題目:On Teaching English to Minority Students in Junior

Middle Schools in YiLi

淺談伊犁地區(qū)初中少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)

Abstract: Recently, the number of minority students who have been educated by Chinese is increasing year by year. Compared with the students of Han nationality, English learning of minority students has their own distinct character. This article will focus on English learning of Uygur nationality and Kazak nationality, in order to analyze characteristics which exist in the process of English learning of minority students. Finally, this paper will put forward the way to over coming these factors and improving the English ability.

Key words: the students of minority nationality, English learning, characteristics

1.摘要：

近年來(lái)，伊犁地區(qū)接受漢語(yǔ)言授課的少數(shù)民族學(xué)生，逐年增加，但與漢族學(xué)生相比，少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)具有鮮明的.個(gè)性。本文主要以維吾爾族和哈薩克族學(xué)生為例，分析了少數(shù)民族學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中所具有的特殊性因素，進(jìn)而提出了克服這些因素，以提高少數(shù)民族英語(yǔ)水平的應(yīng)有對(duì)策。

關(guān)鍵詞：少數(shù)民族學(xué)生，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，特殊性

2.0 Background Information

2.1 Demands of the 21st century for qualified intellectuals.

The world in the 21st century is a world in which different countries depend on each other. English has become widely used in the world. Knowledge of English is necessary for scientific and technological development and to contribute to the development of international trade and cultural exchange. Knowledge of technological innovation is based on learning foreign languages well, especially learning English well.

2.2 Demands of the Information Age

Nowadays, science technological are developing rapidly and information is changed in the rapidly speech. Computers make access to information changed. Intellectuals should have ability to get information from internet. It is inevitable for English to become an important communication to tool in the era of internet. Only when having the ability to get information by means of English, intellectuals may develop continuously and have life-long education. Therefore, it is important for minority students to learning a foreign language in order to meet the demands of the information era in the period of found a mental education.

2.3 Learning English can help students cultivate their potential and from good quality as well as good will

Children have language learning unparalleled advantages over adults. For the one hand, they are eager to learning English and have the ability to imitate and memorize what they learned. For the other hand, they are many differences between Chinese and English in the respects of pronunciation, vocabulary and literature. So students in China must do more oral exercises without fear of mistakes and fight against the tendency to forget. Therefore, in the process of learning we aim at cultivate the spirit of fearing no difficulties in order to create good psychological quality. Besides, learning to due with cultural differences can help students cultivate the open mined quality and the spirit of commutate and cooperate with others.

3. Introduction

With entrance into WTO, we open the door to the world gradually. The cooperation with other countries in the politics, economy and culture are frequent. The important of learning English are becoming more and more foregrounding. Besides, the large scale development of west China makes the Weston regions more active. In The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region minority nationality plays an important role in the development of people’s cultural quality and society. In order to improve the people’s cultural quality and make the aims of western development come true, we really need to improve the English learning efficiently. However, minority nationality’ students have some difficulties in learning English due to the negative impacts of history, economy, culture, environment and psychology. It is necessarily to analyze the current situation and put flowered the improve English ability.

4.0 Problems existing in the process of English teaching of minority students

4.1 Starting to learn late and weak foundation

Due to the undeveloped economy、lack of teachers and poor condition of facilities, minority students were educated late. Compared with students of Han nationality .As a result, there intellectual development lags behind. They started to learn English very late .Before entering into junior middle school, they just learned Chinese with out education in the kindergarten .But students of Han nationality are different, English learning has been paid special attention for many years .Owing to good condition of teachers and excellent facilities .Many students of Han nationality started to learn English when they went to primary school even kindergarten.

篇18：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

論文題目：計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)

On the Characteristics of the English Computer Lexis

Introduction

Owing to changes in global politics, economy, and development of science and technologies, English vocabulary enlarges faster than ever before.This is especially true when the computer appeared. Since the world entered the 21st century, computer develops rapidly and tremendously. It comes into our daily life in different aspects. To face the computer age, it is important to understand the characteristics of the English Computer lexis.

The paper has an aim to analyze the characteristics and situation of the computer lexis.and to show its translation style and professional attribute and usage characteristics of computer English.

In this thesis I will describe the development and situation of the computer lexis first, and then expatiates the characteristics of these terms, which consist of shortening words, compounding words, affixed words and old words obtaining new meanings, based on some English lexical theories from word-formation perspective. In the last part some development tendencies of the lexis are summed up: more colloquial, less borrowing and analogy being used frequently. The study method of this thesis fills a gap in the achievements of computer lexical study and also helps learners to command these words efficiently. At the end of the thesis, some inclusive development tendencies of these terms and the main purpose of this thesis are illustrated.

Research Questions

Question 1:What is English Computer Lexis and what characteristics does it have?

Question 2:What are the ways of word-formation about computer vocabulary and what is the difference compared with traditional word-formation?

Question 3:What is the application fields of computer lexis and how can we understand the characteristics of cmputer lexis efficiently?

Literature Review

The advent of computer was in the 1940s. Its development was only in its embryonic phrase, but already many now-familiar elements of computational terminology were falling into place, analogue and digital; bit, data and memory; language and program; punchcard and imput. In the 1950s, computers were starting to move out of university laboratories into commercial establishments. Yuan Hongjie(2005) has argued that artificial intelligence, information technology, and data processing had their beginnings and terms like bootstrap and modem, on line and real time, print-out and RAM and FORTRAN entered English. The 1960s saw the greatest lexical advances in computer science. Yang Lin(2002) has held that as computeracy spread and one by one various aspects of our lives became computerized, we would learn the significance of bytes, chips, cursors, databases, mice and software. We could format and access to computers, fluent in ASCII, BASIC, and Cobol. And for our leisure moments, there were computer games. In 1970s, the computer continued its march towards the center of our lives, bringing amounts of new terminology: floppy disk and hard disk, microprocessors and window and the dreaded virus. We acquired personal computers or word processors and to print results of our labors, the dot matrix, the daisy wheel, and later the laser printer. We could communicate via the Ethernet and have barely heard of hacking and the need of data protection. In the 1980s, cyberspace infiltrated the interstices of the everyday world. Computer technology leaped ahead, enriching the English language. Only an ageing minority were not, it seemed, computerate, and able to cope with booting, down loading, and dragging. It was the decade which saw the beginning of the Internet and information highway, of e-mail，of domains and newsgroups.。In 1990s cybernauts and netties surfed the WWW, to be in the swim you had to have your own website or homepage , you would hope to avoid the spam and mail bombs , but the main fear is millennium bug. From the historical review we can see how computer changes our lives and our language.

As Zhang Minfang(2004) analysed: First, the introduction consists of three parts. The first briefly reviews the theory of language and language study, pointing out the aim of this study.The second give the definition of computer English words in three aspects: strings of letters and words used in programming and processing, technical terms, and casual expressions used by computer enthusiasts.The third describes the language change under the effect of computer technology. The computer technology has swept into the English vocabulary and given birth to a wide array of new words and phrases – computer English words.Second,Word Formation of Computer English Words Computer English employs different word formation devices to form large amount of computer English words. By studying these morphological rules of word formation, the characteristics of computer English words can be realized. The major methods of word formation in computer English words include compounding, affixation, conversion, blending, acronyms, clipping and eponyms.Third, Characteristics Analysis of Computer English Words The Computer English words surely should belong to the category of EST (English for Science and Technology) words. While keeping some general features of EST words they still maintain some striking features, which distinguish themselves from EST words. Brevity, popularity, and vividness are their characteristics. Shortened words take a large proportion of computer English words, and enormous floods of shorted words are used in computer English. So computer English words possess features of brevity. Three motivations for the use of shortening are social and historical motivation, psychological motivation and technological motivation.Computer English words, which differ from general EST words, do not use many highly technical words but a large member of sub-technical words. Computer English borrows from general English a great amount of everyday words.

Expected results

With an researching focus on the characteristics of English computer lexis, the paper is expected to be helpful in understanding development and situation of the computer lexis as well as characteristics and ways of word-formation about computer lexis.

Annotated Bibliography

Sun Fang, Chang Yuli. On the Analysis of Word Formation of English Vocabulary of Computer Science. Shanghai Medical Instrumentation College, 2000.

The author of this paper said that with the development of computer application and popularization, English language used in computer science has displayed distinct features. Formation of words in different ways of English language is not only the source of English vocabulary,but also contributes to the emergence of lots of English terms of computer science. The paper focus on some ways of word formation like derivation, compounding, abbreviation, blending and so on, to analyze the formation of English vocabulary of computer science which has resulted in a great number of new English words in computer science will be in this article so as to be some help to those in Computer science English learning.

Works Cited

Craiger, J. Philip. Computer Forensics Procedures and Methods,1999. Farmer, Dan; Venema, Wietse. Forensic Discovery. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2005. Nelson, Bill. Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations. Boston, MA: Thomson Course Technology, 2004. Freedman, Alan. The Computer Glossary: The Complete Illustrated Dictionary, 2001. Long, Larry, and Long, Nancy. Computers: Information Technology in Perspective, 2005. Strathern, Paul. Turing and the Computer, 1999. Davis, Martin. The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing, 2001.

鄭國(guó)政, 軟件本地化過(guò)程中的流程優(yōu)化, 電腦應(yīng)用技術(shù)，2001,(1): 35-37.

馬*新, 計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)詞匯, 外語(yǔ)教學(xué), 1999,(20).

賈曉云, 科技英語(yǔ)的句法特點(diǎn)及其翻譯方法, 太原理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2003,(1),67-69.

張政, 計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)詞匯特征, 大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 1999,(6).

趙翠蓮, 中英文計(jì)算機(jī)詞匯的問(wèn)體差異, 解放軍外語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 1998,(3).

陸國(guó)強(qiáng), 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué), 上海外語(yǔ)教學(xué)出版社, 1999.

篇19：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

2015英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告模板

How to Stimulate Students’ Interest in English Learning

Abstract

There is no doubt that English plays increasingly important roles in educational system since coming a surge in English language learning, but not every English Language Learner (ELL) must be fluent in English, just as not everyone is “fluent” in statistics. That comes from different reasons, I couldn’t say the reason must be subjective--someone likes to learn it and someone not, but I agree with a Famous saying: Hobby is the first step to get the knowledge, when you adopt the knowledge and have interest in it, and you will remember it, just like Goethe said “Where there is no interest, where there is no memory”, Interest is the motivation of learning a thing, nonetheless, how could we stimulate learners interest in English learning? When we attempt to motivate the learners, what methods are right or wrong? That is really a big nagging issue and worth researching for me a college student, in the following paper I will state my mind on it.

Key words: English learning, interest, differentiated instruction, rewarding system, environment

如何激發(fā)中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣

摘要

自從學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的'浪潮席卷而來(lái)，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人越來(lái)越多，英語(yǔ)教育在教育系統(tǒng)的地位越發(fā)重要了，但并不是每個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人都可以學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。原因有很多方面，以我之淺見(jiàn)，不能完全說(shuō)是主觀因素，但也可以部分歸結(jié)為對(duì)于這種語(yǔ)言的愛(ài)好程度，一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)者本著對(duì)知識(shí)的興趣才會(huì)進(jìn)而去研究記憶，就像歌德所說(shuō)“哪里沒(méi)有興趣，哪里就沒(méi)有記憶”，興趣是一種驅(qū)動(dòng)力。但是如何激發(fā)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的興趣?當(dāng)我們嘗試培養(yǎng)興趣之同時(shí)，什么方法是正確的?什么方法是錯(cuò)誤的?對(duì)于我一個(gè)大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)值得研究又令人困擾的大課題，在下文中我將陳述我的觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然不是社會(huì)所有階層的學(xué)習(xí)者我都要去談，我會(huì)集中于對(duì)中學(xué)學(xué)生的研究。

關(guān)鍵字：英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí);興趣;差異教學(xué)法;獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng);環(huán)境

Table of Content

Acknowledgement i

Abstract ii

摘要 iii

Table of Content iv

I.Introduction 1

II. Using Differentiated Instruction to Stimulate Interest 2

A.Definition of Differentiated Instruction 2

B.The Reason for Using Differentiated Instruction 2

1.Students with Different Interest 2

2.Arousing Interest of Different Students 3

a. Advocating “Students First” 3

b. Meeting Students’ Specific Needs 3

c. Adjusting the Curriculum to Students’ Needs 4

d. Arousing Interest of Every Student 5

III. Stimulating Interest of Students by Creating Rewarding Program 6

IV. Stimulating Interest by Creating English Learning Environment 7

A.Content of Environment 7

1.Changing Structures 7

a. Definition of Structures 7

b. How to Change a Structure 7

2.Making Full Use of Instructional Time 8

a. Importance of Instructional Time 8

b. How to Use Instructional Time 8

3.Using Tools 9

a. Definition of Tools 9

b. Choosing a Good Tool 9

c. Using Tool —“Vision Learning” 9

d. Advantage of “Vision Learning” 9

4. Community 11

a. Definition of Community 11

b. Advantages of Community 11

B.Importance of Creating Learning Environment 12

V. Conclusion 12

Bibliography 13

篇20：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

2017英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告模板

廣告作為一種特殊言語(yǔ)交際形式，同過(guò)它的特殊語(yǔ)言對(duì)某種觀念或者產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行宣傳或者推銷，向受眾傳遞相關(guān)信息(新信息)，受眾借助常識(shí)等認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境(舊信息) 進(jìn)行思辯、推理，從而理解廣告商的真正意圖，最終促銷產(chǎn)品的效果。廣告需要在廣告語(yǔ)言中遵循一定原則，但是在更多情況下，為了使廣告具備注意價(jià)值、可讀性和記憶價(jià)值，廣告總是運(yùn)用各種技巧，使見(jiàn)者或聽(tīng)者能推導(dǎo)出其中的會(huì)話含意，從而達(dá)到推銷功能。也有時(shí)候?yàn)檫_(dá)到宣傳產(chǎn)品的目的，廣告利用各種修辭格對(duì)其商品進(jìn)行“失真”地宣傳，違反了質(zhì)的準(zhǔn)則，往往可以收到出其不意的效果。

作為一種特殊形式的言語(yǔ)交際行為，廣告的內(nèi)容包括：廣告商、廣告詞和廣告受眾(消費(fèi)者)。一則成功的廣告往往會(huì)利用各種手段來(lái)達(dá)到宣傳產(chǎn)品、促進(jìn)銷售的目的。

廣告,作為信息的載體,已滲透到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。廣告英語(yǔ),作為語(yǔ)言藝術(shù)和商業(yè)推銷的有機(jī)結(jié)合體,已逐漸發(fā)展為一種重要的實(shí)用文體,形成了自己鮮明的文體特征。要推銷出一種產(chǎn)品，廣告就必定要有它獨(dú)特的地方，要有它的語(yǔ)言特色，通過(guò)它的各種獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言特色更好的`為自己廣告的東西做推銷，達(dá)到廣告的目的。在現(xiàn)在外資企業(yè)大的社會(huì)中，商務(wù)英語(yǔ)廣告也就逐漸重要，作為一中促銷手段，必須要對(duì)人們產(chǎn)生影響，也就是要有推銷功能，能夠讓見(jiàn)者或聽(tīng)者產(chǎn)生購(gòu)買欲，從而對(duì)整個(gè)社市場(chǎng)甚至社會(huì)一定的影響;其次，也必須要有記憶價(jià)值，讓人們對(duì)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)留下深刻的印象;另外，還要能夠引起注意，要有一定的信息價(jià)值，又要有移情作用，它要在短小的篇幅里，在較短的時(shí)間里說(shuō)服人們?nèi)ベ?gòu)買，激發(fā)人們的購(gòu)買欲。所有這些都是為了一個(gè)目的，那就是推銷產(chǎn)品，讓人們接受廣告中的產(chǎn)品，這樣才是成功的。

篇21：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

課題研究現(xiàn)狀：

English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary. The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages. Halliday and Hason (1976) pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms (ideational function，interpersonal function and textual function). Another scholar，F(xiàn)ernando C. (1996)，also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text，and in the creation of stylistic effects.

Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin (1994，1996)，Zhu Yongsheng (1995，1996，1997) and Zhang Delu (1994) mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.

課題研究目的：

This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them. It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion，attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically，thus more effectively.

課題研究?jī)?nèi)容：

As English idioms are much alive in everyday English，a close look at the function of idioms must be taken. This dissertation includes the following five aspects：

1.Introduction

2.A General Study of English Idioms

2.1The Definition of English Idioms

2.2Features of English Idioms

3.Cohesive Function of English Idioms

3.1Cohesion

3.2Functional Categories

3.3Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms

3.4Cohesive Function of Other Idioms

4.The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics

4.1Syntactic Cohesion

4.2Pragmatic Function

5.Conclusion

課題研究計(jì)劃：

January 22-March 10： question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25： analysis of the materials and writing of an outline

March 26-April 30： completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10： refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion

June 11—June 22： finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence

主要參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]Fernando，C. Idioms and Idiomaticity.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press，2000

[2]Halliday，M.A.K. and R.Hason.Cohesion in English.Longman Press，1985

[3]Lakoff，G. and M. Johnson.Metaphors We Live By.University of Chicago Press，1980

[4]Makkai，A. Idiom Structure in English.The Hague Press,1972

一、選題來(lái)源、目的和意義：

本選題重在研究中西文化之間的差異以及這些差異對(duì)商務(wù)談判的影響，最后得出商務(wù)談判應(yīng)該采用的策略。

隨著我國(guó)加入WTO，國(guó)際貿(mào)易和對(duì)外交往將日益頻繁，國(guó)家與國(guó)家之間、企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間、個(gè)人與個(gè)人之間，由于存在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的協(xié)調(diào)，無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)處不需要談判。出口商和進(jìn)口商要消除分歧，達(dá)成一項(xiàng)公平的相互之間滿意的交易，大多是通過(guò)商務(wù)談判才能做到的。因此與外界交往合作的主要方式——跨文化商務(wù)談判在社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的地位越來(lái)越重要。因此，和外商談判打交道的時(shí)候，不要忽略一些看似微不足道的細(xì)節(jié)，那些都有可能是成敗的關(guān)鍵。只有正確探悉、學(xué)習(xí)和熟悉不同國(guó)家的文化差異，意識(shí)到他們的重要性，才能更好地探討商務(wù)談判的策略，為最后談判的成功奠定基礎(chǔ)和提供理論依據(jù)。

二、課題的主要內(nèi)容(項(xiàng)目概要)：

1.談判與文化的綜述

2.文化差異因素對(duì)國(guó)際商務(wù)談判的影響

2.1語(yǔ)言和非語(yǔ)言差異的影響

2.2思維方式差異的影響

2.3價(jià)值觀念差異的影響

3.應(yīng)對(duì)商務(wù)談判文化差異問(wèn)題的對(duì)策

3.1樹(shù)立跨文化的談判意識(shí)

3.2談判前做好充足的準(zhǔn)備

3.3懂得談判對(duì)方的語(yǔ)言

3.4對(duì)待文化問(wèn)題應(yīng)持有的態(tài)度

4.結(jié)尾

三、實(shí)施計(jì)劃(設(shè)計(jì)工作的主要階段、進(jìn)度和完成時(shí)間等)：

11月11日畢業(yè)論文動(dòng)員大會(huì)

11月12日—12月1日下達(dá)任務(wù)書

12月2日—12月31日確定論文題目

1月1日—1月31日進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)資料的收集、篩選、做讀書筆記。

2月1日—2月28日完成論文詳細(xì)提綱，交指導(dǎo)老師修改，補(bǔ)充。

3月1日—3月30日進(jìn)行畢業(yè)論文初稿寫作。

4月1日—5月19日畢業(yè)論文修改。

5月20日—6月5日畢業(yè)論文定稿、裝訂、答辯。

四、參考文獻(xiàn)：

<1>李信，《中西方文化比較概論》，航空工業(yè)出版社，2003.6

<2>李郁、張泳，淺談國(guó)際商務(wù)談判中的跨文化問(wèn)題及對(duì)策[J]，商業(yè)研究，2004.7

<3>廖瑛，《外貿(mào)談判英語(yǔ)》，對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社，2004.2

<4>肖云南，《國(guó)際商務(wù)談判》，清華大學(xué)和北方交通大學(xué)出版社，2003.5

<5>楊晶，《商務(wù)談判》，清華大學(xué)出版社，2005.1

<6>姚立，《商務(wù)談判—理論、實(shí)務(wù)、風(fēng)格》，中國(guó)城市出版社，2003.3

<7>袁其剛，《國(guó)際商務(wù)談判》，山東人民出版社，2003.2

篇22：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

論文題目：the Application and Innovation

一、選題的意義和研究現(xiàn)狀

1.選題的目的、理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義

長(zhǎng)時(shí)期以來(lái)，人們視艾米莉·勃朗特為英國(guó)文學(xué)中的“斯芬克斯”。關(guān)于她本人和她的作品都有很多難解之謎，許多評(píng)論家從不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究，得出了不同的結(jié)論，因而往往是舊謎剛解，新謎又出，解謎熱潮似永無(wú)休止。

本文立足于歐美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)研究《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作源泉，指出艾米莉勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環(huán)境刻畫、意象及情節(jié)構(gòu)造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統(tǒng)，同時(shí)憑借其超乎尋常的想象力，將現(xiàn)實(shí)與超現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體，給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力，達(dá)到了哥特形式與激情內(nèi)容的完美統(tǒng)一，使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”，又超越了維多利亞時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”，從而展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)具一格、經(jīng)久不衰的藝術(shù)魅力。

2.與選題相關(guān)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究和發(fā)展概況

二、研究方案

1.研究的基本內(nèi)容及預(yù)期的結(jié)果（大綱）

研究的基本內(nèi)容：本文立足于歐美文學(xué)中的哥特傳統(tǒng)研究《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作源泉，指出艾米莉勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環(huán)境刻畫、意象及情節(jié)構(gòu)造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統(tǒng)，同時(shí)憑借其超乎尋常的想象力，將現(xiàn)實(shí)與超現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體，給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力，達(dá)到了哥特形式與激情內(nèi)容的完美統(tǒng)一，使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”，又超越了維多利亞時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”，從而展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)具一格、經(jīng)久不衰的藝術(shù)魅力。

預(yù)期的結(jié)果（大綱）：

1.A Survey of Gothic

1.1Definition of Gothic

2Emily’s Gothic Heritage

2.1Theme

2.1.1Good and Evil

2.2Characters Description

2.2.1Villainhero

2.2.2Delicate Young Girl

2.3Atmosphere，Environment and Plot

2.3.1Terror

2.3.2Mystery

2.3.3Supernatural

3.Emily’s Gothic Innovation

3.1Combination of romanticism and Realism

3.1.1Change of the Background

3.1.3Stream of Consciousness

3.1.4Illusion and Subconsciousness

3.2.Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology

2.擬采用的研究方法主要有資料查找、理論探討研究、閱讀法

3.研究所需條件和可能存在的`問(wèn)題

研究所需條件：紙張、打印設(shè)備、圖書館、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲取國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料；可能存在的問(wèn)題：

(1)文獻(xiàn)不足。

(2)由于個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)和能力，使對(duì)研究對(duì)象分析不夠全面和深入。

三、研究進(jìn)度安排、參考文獻(xiàn)及審查意見(jiàn)

1.研究進(jìn)度安排

（1）論文指導(dǎo)第一周（學(xué)期第八周）：學(xué)生完成初稿。

（2）論文指導(dǎo)第二周（學(xué)期第九周）：指導(dǎo)教師審閱論文初稿后發(fā)回修改。

（3）論文指導(dǎo)第三周（學(xué)期第十周）：學(xué)生交論文第二稿。

（4）論文指導(dǎo)第四周（學(xué)期第十一周）：指導(dǎo)教師審閱第二稿并發(fā)回給學(xué)生進(jìn)一步修改。

（5）論文指導(dǎo)第五周（學(xué)期第十二周）：定稿

（6）論文指導(dǎo)第六周（學(xué)期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和電子文本。

（7）論文指導(dǎo)第六周（學(xué)期第十三周）：本周星期五至論文指導(dǎo)第七周（學(xué)期第周）星期五，指導(dǎo)教師和評(píng)閱教師寫評(píng)語(yǔ)，學(xué)生做好答辯準(zhǔn)備。

（8）論文指導(dǎo)第七周（學(xué)期第十四周）：星期三至論文指導(dǎo)第八周（學(xué)期第十五周）開(kāi)展答辯工作。

篇23：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

篇24：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

一、論文題目：classroom interaction and oral english teaching

二、研究現(xiàn)狀：

三、研究的目的及意義：

四、研究的理論依據(jù)和研究方法：

篇25：英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告

一、選題來(lái)源、目的和意義：

本選題重在研究中西文化之間的差異以及這些差異對(duì)商務(wù)談判的影響，最后得出商務(wù)談判應(yīng)該采用的策略。

隨著我國(guó)加入WTO，國(guó)際貿(mào)易和對(duì)外交往將日益頻繁，國(guó)家與國(guó)家之間、企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間、個(gè)人與個(gè)人之間，由于存在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的協(xié)調(diào)，無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)處不需要談判。出口商和進(jìn)口商要消除分歧，達(dá)成一項(xiàng)公平的相互之間滿意的交易，大多是通過(guò)商務(wù)談判才能做到的。因此與外界交往合作的主要方式 —— 跨文化商務(wù)談判在社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的地位越來(lái)越重要。因此，和外商談判打交道的時(shí)候，不要忽略一些看似微不足道的細(xì)節(jié)，那些都有可能是成敗的關(guān)鍵。只有正確探悉、學(xué)習(xí)和熟悉不同國(guó)家的文化差異，意識(shí)到他們的重要性，才能更好地探討商務(wù)談判的策略，為最后談判的成功奠定基礎(chǔ)和提供理論依據(jù)。

二、課題的主要內(nèi)容(項(xiàng)目概要)：

1.談判與文化的綜述

2.文化差異因素對(duì)國(guó)際商務(wù)談判的影響

2.1 語(yǔ)言和非語(yǔ)言差異的影響

2.2 思維方式差異的影響

2.3 價(jià)值觀念差異的影響

3.應(yīng)對(duì)商務(wù)談判文化差異問(wèn)題的對(duì)策

3.1 樹(shù)立跨文化的談判意識(shí)

3.2 談判前做好充足的準(zhǔn)備

3.3 懂得談判對(duì)方的語(yǔ)言

3.4 對(duì)待文化問(wèn)題應(yīng)持有的態(tài)度

4.結(jié)尾

三、實(shí)施計(jì)劃(設(shè)計(jì)工作的主要階段、進(jìn)度和完成時(shí)間等)：

11月11日畢業(yè)論文動(dòng)員大會(huì)

11月12日-12月1日下達(dá)任務(wù)書

12月 2日-12月31日確定論文題目

1月1日—1月31日進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)資料的收集、篩選、做讀書筆記。

2月1日—2月28日完成論文詳細(xì)提綱，交指導(dǎo)老師修改，補(bǔ)充。

3月1日—3月30日進(jìn)行畢業(yè)論文初稿寫作。

4月1日—5月19日畢業(yè)論文修改。

5月20日—6月5日畢業(yè)論文定稿、裝訂、答辯。

四、參考文獻(xiàn)：

<1>李信，《中西方文化比較概論》，航空工業(yè)出版社，20xx.6

<2>李郁、張泳，淺談國(guó)際商務(wù)談判中的跨文化問(wèn)題及對(duì)策[J]，商業(yè)研究，20xx.7

<3>廖瑛，《外貿(mào)談判英語(yǔ)》，對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社，20xx.2

<4>肖云南，《國(guó)際商務(wù)談判》，清華大學(xué)和北方交通大學(xué)出版社，20xx.5

<5>楊晶，《商務(wù)談判》，清華大學(xué)出版社，20xx.1

<6>姚立，《商務(wù)談判—理論、實(shí)務(wù)、風(fēng)格》，中國(guó)城市出版社，20xx.3

<7>袁其剛，《國(guó)際商務(wù)談判》，山東人民出版社，20xx.2

篇26：英語(yǔ)論文的開(kāi)題報(bào)告

>下面是一篇英語(yǔ)論文的`開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文，雖然不是特別好，但也反應(yīng)了開(kāi)題報(bào)告的格式和寫法，有一定的借鑒價(jià)值。

function and application of descriptive translation studies

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

2 outline

2.1 development and major concepts of dts

2.2 methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 dts in contrast to other theories

2.4 case study

2.5 conclusion

(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

000

附錄2- 引文范例(僅供參考)

‘“噢，這就是恐水病吧？你們貴族圈子怎么流行起這種病來(lái)啦？真夠嗆的！費(fèi)芬斯小姐，您喝點(diǎn)茶大概沒(méi)關(guān)系吧！”’（張南峰，1990：59-60）

附錄3- 參考文獻(xiàn)范例(僅供參考)

wilss, wolfram. the science of translation ?C problems and methods. gunter narr verlag tubingen,1982.

newmark, peter. a textbook of translation. new york: prentice hall, 1988.

delabastita, dirk. translating puns: a false opposition in translation studies. target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

張南峰（譯）. 王爾德戲劇選. 福州：海峽文藝出版社，1990.

戴煒棟. 構(gòu)建具有中國(guó)特色的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)“一條龍”體系，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究，2001（5）.

附錄4- 封面范例(僅供參考)（中文）

對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文

論品牌名稱翻譯的特殊性

專業(yè)：

研究方向：

作者：

導(dǎo) 師：

寫作時(shí)間： ―

對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)

英語(yǔ)學(xué)院

（英文）

school of international studies

university of international business and economics

pragmatic strategies

in advertising: implicatures

wang ying

a thesis submitted to school of international studies of

university of international business and economics

in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the degree of master of arts

april 2002

beijing, china

篇27：英語(yǔ)論文的開(kāi)題報(bào)告

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century， translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on， schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies （DTS）。

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore， translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison， and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation， description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice， from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies， brainstorming and the revision， to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data， some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function， process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

In this regard， my observations are limited to several aspects， I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function， process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation， multiple translation， translationese， norm etc.

2.2 Methodolgy

2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

2.4 Case study

In this part， translation of The Dream of Red Mansions （also translated as The Story of The Stone） will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study， possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

（Note： While the topic will remain the same， the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.）

篇28：英語(yǔ)論文的開(kāi)題報(bào)告

function and application of descriptive translation studies

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

2 outline

2.1 development and major concepts of dts

2.2 methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 dts in contrast to other theories

2.4 case study

2.5 conclusion

篇29：英語(yǔ)論文的開(kāi)題報(bào)告

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. Norm is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

Outline

Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

DTS in contrast to other theories

Case study

Conclusion

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

欧美色欧美亚洲高清在线观看,国产特黄特色a级在线视频,国产一区视频一区欧美,亚洲成a 人在线观看中文

英語(yǔ)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告（精選29篇）

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