第一篇：高中 同位語從句詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)(附答案)
同位語從句講義
1．定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。
2.用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德國已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。注：同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否來。連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where,when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。It is a question how he did it.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。1．that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別? that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 that引導(dǎo)的定語從句 句法功能上
that只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個句子成分。如在從句中作 動詞的賓語時可省略。意義上
從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用，是定語 如：
The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位語從句，that不可省)李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.(定語從句，that在從句中作的賓語，可省)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。
2．一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形表示。should可省。如： This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.這就是我們唯一的請求：盡快解決這個問題。
同位語從句
是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實(shí)際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對前面的名詞(短語)加以補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋，相當(dāng)于一個表語從句，它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。
詳細(xì)信息 一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。
1.名詞作同位語
Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。
2.短語作同位語
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3.直接引語作同位語
But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?？? 4.句子作同位語
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。
同位語從句用法
同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較“固定”
一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞 that，whether，連接副詞 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。
四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。
同位語從句-引導(dǎo)詞
同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。
1.連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句
（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略）
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。（作idea的同位語）
【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。
【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。
2.連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。
【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which引導(dǎo)同位語從句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。（what作定語）
2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪種酒最好，這是個人口味的問題。（which作定語）
3).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主語）
4.連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句
連接副詞when, where, how, why
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。
同位語從句-相關(guān)語法
一、同位語從句在句中的位置
1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。
2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。
二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)
同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？
三、同位語從句的語氣
在suggestion，advice，request，order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。
四、同位語從句的先行詞
同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。
How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的?
代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個it常放在某些動詞或短語動詞后作賓語，同時兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。
I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。
有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的that 從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于“主語+be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。
You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要當(dāng)心，別讓孩子們著涼了。
同位語從句-語法區(qū)別 與定語從句的的語法區(qū)別： 1．意義的不同
同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：
We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)
We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)
2.引導(dǎo)詞的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。
3.引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同
that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。
4.被修飾詞語的區(qū)別
同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點(diǎn)的名詞，而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時卻不一定；又如why引導(dǎo)定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時則不一定：
I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他們什么時候來。(同位語從句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句）
同位語從句-特殊形式
1.間隔同位語從句
同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后，但有些情況下，由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因，同位語從句不緊跟在名詞后，而被其他的詞隔開。
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday
簡析：由于that從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句
2.suggestion,request和order等名詞后的同位語從句用虛擬語氣。
She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她請求立即請醫(yī)生來。
簡析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名詞后接同位語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用“(should+)動詞原形”的形式，其中should一詞可省略。
3.短語及固定句式后的同位語從句
I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。
簡析：短語On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that從句為同位語從句。
同位語從句-雅思例句 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.同位語從句練習(xí)題
用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空：
It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.3.____the doctor really doubts is____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped____nature will never be destroyed.5.____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6.--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.--Is that ____ you had a few days off? 7.Word came____I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster? 9.The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.10.It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.B.單項選擇
It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.A.that
B.what
C.that, what
D.what, that 2.Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting.A.it, if
B.that, if
C.it, whether
D.this, whether 3.--What are you anxious about?
--____ A.How can we succeed
B.Whether we can succeed
C.When can we succeed
D.That we can succeed 4.The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.A.why, why
B.why, that
C.that, because
D.for, because 5.____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Who
B.Whoever
C.Anyone
D.The person 6.I really don’t know _____I had this photo taken.A.where it was that
B.it was that
C.where it was
D.it was why 7.? Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge.I can’t remember ____.A.where
B.there
C.which
D.that 8.--What do you think of China?
--____different life is today from ____it used to be.A.How, what
B.What, what
C.How, that
D.What, that 9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.A.who
B.whom
C.whoever
D.whomever
10.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.A.That, that
B.What, what
C.That, what
D.What, that
練習(xí)二
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.which
2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.that
B.what
C.which D.why
3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what
B.that
C.why
D.when
4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which
B.that
C./
D.it
5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when
B.that
C.what
D./
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if
B.that
C.whether
D.which
7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when
B.which
C.what
D.that
8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which
B.whether
C.that
D.what
9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that
B.as
C.of which
D.which
10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether
B.where
C.that
D.when
練習(xí)一答案A.1.that 2.what 3.what，whether 4.that 5.who 6.why 7.that 8.which 9.where 10.whatever B.1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD 練習(xí)二答案：1-5 AABBA
6-10 BDCAA
同位語從句
是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實(shí)際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對前面的名詞(短語)加以補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋，相當(dāng)于一個表語從句，它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。
詳細(xì)信息 一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。
1.名詞作同位語
Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。
2.短語作同位語
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3.直接引語作同位語
But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?？? 4.句子作同位語
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。
同位語從句用法
同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較“固定”
一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞 that，whether，連接副詞 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。
四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。
同位語從句-引導(dǎo)詞
同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。
1.連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句
（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略）
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。（作idea的同位語）
【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。
【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。
2.連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。
【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which引導(dǎo)同位語從句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。（what作定語）
2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪種酒最好，這是個人口味的問題。（which作定語）
3).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主語）
4.連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句
連接副詞when, where, how, why
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。
同位語從句-相關(guān)語法
一、同位語從句在句中的位置
1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。
2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。
二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)
同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？
三、同位語從句的語氣
在suggestion，advice，request，order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。
四、同位語從句的先行詞
同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。
How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的?
代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個it常放在某些動詞或短語動詞后作賓語，同時兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。
I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。
有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的that 從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于“主語+be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。
You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要當(dāng)心，別讓孩子們著涼了。
同位語從句-語法區(qū)別 與定語從句的的語法區(qū)別：
1．意義的不同
同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：
We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)
We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)
2.引導(dǎo)詞的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。
3.引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同
that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。
4.被修飾詞語的區(qū)別
同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點(diǎn)的名詞，而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時卻不一定；又如why引導(dǎo)定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時則不一定：
I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他們什么時候來。(同位語從句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句）
同位語從句-特殊形式
1.間隔同位語從句
同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后，但有些情況下，由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因，同位語從句不緊跟在名詞后，而被其他的詞隔開。
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday
簡析：由于that從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句
2.suggestion,request和order等名詞后的同位語從句用虛擬語氣。
She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她請求立即請醫(yī)生來。
簡析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名詞后接同位語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用“(should+)動詞原形”的形式，其中should一詞可省略。
3.短語及固定句式后的同位語從句
I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。
簡析：短語On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that從句為同位語從句。
同位語從句-雅思例句 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.
第二篇：高中賓語從句詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)（精選）
賓語從句講與練
在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。1．語序
無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句＋連詞＋賓語從句（主語＋謂語＋??）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：
1）連接詞＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？ 2）連接詞＋名詞＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他問我們班上誰的書法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞＋主語＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如： He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？
4）連接詞＋名詞＋主語＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個班嗎？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2．連接詞
1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper．他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：
①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether（if?or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我們是去還是留。②在介詞之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。④whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．這是否真的我說不上來。⑤引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能來還是個問題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。⑥若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解為：
a．Please let me know whether you like the book．請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎？ 3．時態(tài)
含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：
1）如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如： I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他將何時回來。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。
2）如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如： ①The children didn't know who he was．孩子們不知道他是誰。
②He asked his father how it happened．他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。
3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4．注意：
if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，分別意為“是否”和“何時”，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)??時候”，當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎？
—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你?！狪 don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否會來?！狧e will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他會來的。簡化賓語從句常用六法
同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：
方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him.→We decided to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell，ask，show，teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如?/p>
It seemed that the boys were going to win.→The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.→I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy.→They found the box very heavy.高中賓語從句練習(xí)題及答案詳解 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 1.The place _______interested me most was the years old.Children's Palace.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the 2.Do you know the man _______? country?
A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that A.who B.who's C.which D.whose I spoke 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed yesterday.4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese A.which B.who C.what D.as Communist Party was founded? 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.which B.that C.when D.on which A.who B.whom C.that D.as 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when A.that B.as C.whom D.what 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very from here.much.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the D.I went with him factory _______we are working.19.I don't like ______ as you read.A.where B.that C.which D.there A.the novels B.the such novels C.such novels D.8.This is one of the best films _______.same novels
A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown 20.He talked a lot about things and persons C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked ________they remembered in the school.9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.which B.that C.whom D.what A.about which you talked B.which you talked 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in C.about that you talked D.that you talked Beijing.10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.which B.that C.whom D.who A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a ____are women.small boy.A.them B.which C.whom D.who A.whom B.who C.which D.that 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met
______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for which B.for that C.in which D.what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that B.which C.who D.as
39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./ B.why C.when D.whose
40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.on TV.A.that B.which C.as D.it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked B.which I have looked after
C.that I have looked after D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A.who B.which C.that D.it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that B.which C.from that D.from which
A.that B.which C.it D.though
41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that
42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A.when;who B.that;which C.which;that D.when;which
43.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are
44.During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it
46.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.A.which;what B.through which;what C.through that;what D.what;that
47.Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A.this school B.this the school C.this school one D.this school where
48.John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.A.as B.that C.what D.who
49.I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.A.none of them B.neither of them C.neither of which D.none of which
50.All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been
參考答案及解析
1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。
2．C.“和誰講話”要說speak to sb.本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。
3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。
4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。
5．A.which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。
6．C.解析同第5題。
7.A.解析見第3題。
8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。
9.A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。
10.A.with which是”介詞+關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有”用“的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.11.C.in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse.In front of which在從句中作狀語.12.D.with whom引導(dǎo)定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer.13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15.D.the same……..as是固定用法, as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16.D.such……… as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18.B.Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句中為:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時通常構(gòu)成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時,要用such a……..,本題中such books, such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22.C.two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23.D.先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)? whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24.A.whose title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which
25.A.for which 引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for ”以……..而聞名".26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語.27.A.兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29.D.for which在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why 來替代.30.B.which I have looked after 構(gòu)成一個非限制性定語從句.31.A.The reason why… was that….已成為一種固定句型，這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位，也不能將that改成because，盡管that這個詞在譯文中可能有 “因?yàn)椤钡暮x。
32.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個含義.33.A.解釋見28題.34.D.主句中的two表明不能選A.從句中的are表明不能選B.both of which用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句.35.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時通常構(gòu)成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。本題中as作從句的主語.36.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個含義.37.D.38.D.解析見35題.39.A.he makes是定語從句, 從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞that.40.B.which is a bad habit 非限制性定語從句.41.A.what happened是賓語從句.all 之后that he knew是定語從句.先行詞是all,所以關(guān)系代詞只能用that.42.D.years是表示時間的名詞,用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,是因?yàn)閣hen在從句中作時間狀語.第二個空選用which,引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句.43.C.本句話的定語從句是who own cars.其先行詞是people,因此,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)的own。本句話主句的主語是The number of指“…..的數(shù)目”，是單數(shù)概念。因此，主句的謂語動詞要用is。
44.D.that followed是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語。
45.A.先行詞gas被only修飾，關(guān)系代詞要用that，而不用which。
46.B.through which引導(dǎo)定語從句，through which即through the hole,在定語從句中作狀語。What引導(dǎo)的是see的賓語從句，并作從句的主語。
47.B.為便于理解，改寫本句話：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week.不難看出，作表語的the school是先行詞。that引導(dǎo)了定語從句，因?yàn)閠hat同時又作visited的賓語，所以被省略了。其它選項結(jié)構(gòu)不對。
48.A.解釋見35題。
49.C.因?yàn)槭莟wo ballpens, 并且定語從句的謂語writes是單數(shù)概念。因此，C是正確選項。
50.B.本句話中，主句的主語是all,為抽象概念。因此，其謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)的has been。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作主語。
第三篇：高中英語同位語從句講解及練習(xí)（共）
高中英語同位語從句講解及練習(xí)
同位語從句講義及練習(xí)
一、理解同位語從句的含義，把握同位語從句的實(shí)質(zhì)
在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學(xué)校。
析：they had won the game說明The news的全部內(nèi)容，因此該句為同位語從句。
二、正確運(yùn)用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語從句
1.如同位語從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內(nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應(yīng)用whe】 引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）
ther
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動會是否會如期舉行的問題。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加“是否”的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應(yīng)加“什么時候”的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應(yīng)加“如何”的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
4.當(dāng)主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.三、把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限 同位語從句和定語從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明，是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。
區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因?yàn)閠he report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語從句。
例1：
1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as
析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容，且Information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：
2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as
析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語，且information在從句中作主語，所以該句為定語從句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析：答案為B。分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：
I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that
析：答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。
鞏固性練習(xí)：
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.hat B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why
D.when 4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./
D.it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that
B.as
C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that
D.when
同位語從句和定語從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別
同位語從句和定語從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面: 1.從詞類上區(qū)別
同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞?而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞?代詞?主句的一部分或是整個主句?如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.(同位語從句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語從句)Word came that he had been abroad.(同位語從句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊贏了,這讓我們很高興?(定語從句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語從句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)?(定語從句,代詞all作先行詞?)2.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別
定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如: The news that our team has won the game was true.我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的?(同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明news到底是一個什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的?(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我許諾如果誰讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有?(同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明promise到底是一個什么諾言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們高興的許諾?(定語從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語?)3.從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別
有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句?如: That question whether we need it has not been considered.我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮?(同位語從句)I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事?(同位語從句)引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替),并且作賓語時常常省略?that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替?如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了?(同位語從句,是對order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略?)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組?(定語從句,是名詞order的修飾語,that在從句中作
received的賓語,可以省略?)
高二英語短文改錯專題復(fù)習(xí)
知識總結(jié)歸納：
短文改錯的題是一篇意思連貫，但有九行文字中各有一個語法或用詞錯誤的英語短文。它所涉及的知識面很廣，能力要求較高。而且題中所設(shè)的錯誤常常是考生自己在寫作中經(jīng)常出的語法錯誤，是專門針對考生的弱點(diǎn)而設(shè)的。但它又從另一個角度考查了語法知識的運(yùn)用。因此，做題時，應(yīng)從以下幾個方面著手解題：動詞使用錯誤；名詞使用錯誤；形容詞，副詞使用錯誤；連詞使用錯誤；代詞使用錯誤；冠詞使用錯誤；介詞使用錯誤，上下文邏輯錯誤等。
在研究每一行的句子時，首先把握句子的意思，然后劃分句子的成分：主語；謂語部分；賓語；狀語：地點(diǎn)，時間，方式等。如果句子是并列句或復(fù)合句，先分開各部分小的分句，根據(jù)各個分句之間的關(guān)系判斷使用的連詞是否正確。然后再研究各個分句的成分。
（一）名詞使用錯誤：名詞一般在句中做主語或賓語，名詞的錯誤主要在于名詞單，復(fù)數(shù)的錯誤使用。1.They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.： 2.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.： 3.We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.：4.Happy birthday, Peter, and many return of the day.：。
5.He said that she and my schoolmate all wishes me success.：6.On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.：
That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt?.：
（二）動詞使用的錯誤：
<一> 作為謂語動詞，注意謂語動詞在時態(tài)，語態(tài)，與主語是否一致以及用詞方面的問題。1.My favourite sport is football.I was a member of our school team.：
2..Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.：
I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.： 4.?the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.Evening came down.： 5.As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.：6.The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.<二> 作為非謂語動詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動名詞，不定式形式的使用錯誤，同時注意非謂語動詞在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)的錯誤。
1.Not far from the hotel, there was a shop with all kinds of clothes hang up.：2.He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.：
<三> 形容詞，副詞使用錯誤：
注意：① 形容詞和副詞的比較級，原級，最高級使用方面的問題。② 修飾比較級的副詞的錯誤使用。③ 以ing和以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞的混用。④ 形容詞和副詞的混用。1.I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting： 2.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.：
3.?his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.：
4.4.People will work few hours than they do now.： 5.Computers will be more smaller and useful?.：
6.Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved.<四> 連詞使用錯誤：并列句連詞and與but的誤用是歷年高考題中常考的內(nèi)容。復(fù)合句如賓語從句，狀語從句，定語從句中主，從句的連接詞的誤用根據(jù)主從句的關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。1.My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.： 2.My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.3.It deosn’t matter that I would win or not.4.An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar bear.：
5.The fine-furniture store I work has been in business since the 1920s.： 解題思路：
首先要理解整個短文的含義，邏輯關(guān)系，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。再仔細(xì)研究每一句的意義。借助劃分句子成分的方法判斷每一部分是否有錯誤。讀句子時一定以整句為單位?！灸M試題】（答題時間：45分鐘）
A You can find all kinds information in just
1._____ a few minute on the Internet.It’s like going to a
2._____ huge library without have to walk around to find
3._____ your books.Recently even though, many people
4._____ have been discussing the dangers of the Internet
5._____ They have been reports in America about people
6._______ trying to steal person information for bad purposes.Finding information on the Net is easily.But not all information are good to society.For example, you
can find such information like how to kill people.The problem will become more serious in the future.B This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy,The most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring Festival.My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.One time, I just couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival dinner.As I was about take a picture from a cooked duck, I saw Grandma in the kitchen looking at me.Shake her hand, she said, ‘It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.’ At once I apologizeand controlled me at my best till the dinner started.You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”7._______ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________ 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10.________ 8
第四篇：高中語法定語從句與同位語從句（推薦）
同位語從句
1.概念：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句。
2.什么是同位語？
同位語：一個名詞（或其他形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞（或其他形式）就是同位語。
3.同位語舉例
（1）Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.（2）I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.（3）But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”
（4）The girls were surprised the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.4.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)分。
（1）定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，可作主語、賓語、狀語等；而同位語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞在從句只起連接作用，不作任何成分.如：He is the man that never listens to any tapes
The fact that they did not finish the work has to be faced.(2)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中作賓語或狀語時，可以省略或被其他詞代替；而同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般不能省略，更不能被代替.如： The news that she heard is true
The news that she will go abroad is true
（3）由when, why, where引導(dǎo)的定語從句分別修飾或說明表示時間、原因或地點(diǎn)的詞，但 它們引導(dǎo)的同位語從句一般不和表示時間或地點(diǎn)的詞同位
如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I have no idea when she will be back.
第五篇：高中英語語法主語從句講解及練習(xí)
主語從句
一、概述：在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。根據(jù)它們在句中的語法作用，這類從句又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句。
二.主語從句主要有四類：
（1）由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句:引導(dǎo)詞that無含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2）用連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句: whether有含義(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用if，只能用whether。
例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.（3）用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。
whatever = anything that;whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。
如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主語從句）
（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（讓步狀語從句）
（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）
（4）用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.三.注意點(diǎn): it構(gòu)成的主語從句
（1）由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主語。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“?的東西”時，一般不用it作形式主語。)錯:It is a book what he wants.對:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。試比較：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.（2）常見用it作形式主語的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu) It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact that? 事實(shí)是??
It is good news that ? ??是好消息 It is a question that ? ??是個問題 It is common knowledge that ? ??是常識
類似的名詞還有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.It’s a pity that you missed the film. It is +形容詞+從句
It is necessary that ? 有必要?? It is clear that ? 很清楚?? It is likely that ? 很可能??
It is important that ? 重要的是??
類似的形容詞還有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing, etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.It is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為“（should）＋動詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣。
It is reported that ? 據(jù)報道?? It has been proved that ? 已證明?? It must be proved that? 必須指出??
類似的過去分詞還有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;made clear;found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主從練習(xí)
1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A.The estimate
B.The estimated
C.They are estimated
D.It is estimated that 2._____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A.Which
B.Since
C.Although
D.How
3._____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A.Whoever
B.Whatever
C.However
D.That
4._____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.A.For the reason that he is
B.Just because he is
C.The reason of being
D.That he is
5.Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.A.which
B.what
C.how
D.it 6._____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.A.That occurred to her
B.She occurred that
C.To her that occurred
D.It occurred to her that 7.I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.A.which
B.all
C.this
D.what 8.We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.A.that
B.which
C.it
D.What 9._____ or not is still uncertain.A.He’s coming
B.If he is coming
C.That coming
D.Whether he’s coming 10.It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.A.doubt whether B.doubtful
C.doubt it
D.doubtful whether 11.______ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet
suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.A.Whether
B.Till
C.If
D.Unless 12._____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.A.That
B.When
C.What
D.Which 13._____ is warm sunshine.A.What do we all need.B.What all we need
C.What we need
D.What we all need 14._____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.A.What
B.That
C.He
D.It 15._____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A.Remarkable
B.Quite remarkably
C.It is remarkable that
D.It is remarkable fact that 16._____ you nominate will be elected.A.Who
B.Whom
C.Whomever
D.That’s 17._____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.A.What
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.That’s 18._____ of us gets home first starts cooking.A.Who
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.Anyone
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 2.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for 3.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known 4.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late D.Being a few minutes late 5.________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A.That?that you had expected B.What ?that you had expected C.That?what you had expected D.What?what you had expected 6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 7.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how 9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which 10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.A.What, what B.What, that C.That, that D.That, what 11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who 14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A.When B.Why C.What D.That 15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.A.How B.What C.Why D.This 16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What 17._______you come or not is up to you.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether 18._______makes mistakes must correct them.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody 19._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How 20.Who is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that B.where C.which D.the one 21.Is this factory you visited the other day? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 22.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who
表語從句
1、概述
用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞由be, look, remain, seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時,我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼?/p>
2、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。
The trouble is(that)she has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我們不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對他的課不感興趣。
3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。That's what we should do.那是我們應(yīng)該做的。
4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That’s why I got wet through.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。
That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔(dān)心的。
5、由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了。
That's because we never thought of it.這是因?yàn)槲覀儚奈聪脒^此事。It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動詞有：
1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall 5: prove, turn out 系動詞的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though(if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because 注：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞that間或可以省略。
The truth is（that）I didn't go there.事實(shí)是我沒去那兒。
［考題1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that
［答案］ D
［解析］ 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句，如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此，應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that。
［考題2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞，“I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))，下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where，表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、我不同意的地方”。
［考題3］ — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A.why B.when C.what D.where
［答案］ A
［解析］ 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語，下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此??”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why。
［考題4］ ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
［答案］ A
［解析］ 第一個下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，特指她所不理解的事情，應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個下劃線處表示“因此??”(指因某種原因所造成的后果，由why引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么??”(指原因、理由，由because引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句)，應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why。
［考題5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
［答案］ B
［解析］ 第一個下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)主語，特指令校方驕傲的事情，應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因、理由，應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句。
［考題6］ — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited
［答案］ A
［解析］ A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”； B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”； C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”； D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應(yīng)，充當(dāng)表語從句。
表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系
不屬于的
賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句。
賓語從句
(1)對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)
①語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式。
②時態(tài): 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候, 從句可以是任何時態(tài), 而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候, 從句, 從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài), 即(一般過去時, 過去進(jìn)行時, 過去完成時, 過去將來時)。
③連接詞: 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時, 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時, 常用if或whether(是否), 當(dāng)從句意思不完整時, 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。
表語從句
在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面。表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。
如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時候進(jìn)的房間。
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金。
This This is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的。
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。
His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。
注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序。
as as if, as though, becau也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句。
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事。
It It is because you eat too much那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔恕?/p>
表從練習(xí)一
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.Why
二
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are
C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.Such
三
1.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how 3.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 4.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it
A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________ I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as
D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.why 13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 14.The trouble is__________ we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 15.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 16.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 17.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what
18.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 19 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 20.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how
21.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 22.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 23.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
綜合練習(xí)
1.It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because C.when D.that 2.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 3.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 4.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 5.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.That B.Which C.What D.As 6.________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A.As B.That C.This D.It 7.______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what.D how 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 10.I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 11.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ______ makes me feel so proud.A.what B.which C.that D.why 12.________ puzzles the scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A.What B.As C.That D.It 13._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.The person 14.Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office.That’s _______ the president works.A.whey B.when C.what D.where 15.______ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A.That B.Whether C.What D.If 16.The reason ____ I plan to go is _____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A.why;that B.that;because C.which;because D.why;for 17.We sell handmade gifts._____gift you order from us is unique for the special person!A.Which B.That C.Whichever D.What
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