第一篇：2011南京導(dǎo)游考試英文導(dǎo)游詞--中山陵(附圖片)

中山陵（11分鐘）

Dr.Sun Yatsen's mausoleum

一、景點概況（2分30秒）

4、孫中山生平

5、奉安大典

1、地理位置、建陵時間(調(diào)到5去說了)、5A級景區(qū)

2、墓址選定

3、中山陵的設(shè)計者及設(shè)計特點

1.Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum, located at the southern slope of the Purple Mountain, is the tomb of Dr.Sun Yatsen, who is the great pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution.It’s one of the 5A Scenery Sites in Nanjing.2.The location of the mausoleum was chosen by Dr.Sun himself.You may wonder: why was Dr.Sun Yatsen buried in Nanjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died? The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Purple Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.” So although Dr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.3.The designer of the Mausoleum is Lu Yanzhi who designed it in a shape of a kind of bell, which symbolizes Dr.Sun’s spirit as the sounding of a bell that it may reach everywhere of the country and better arouse people of the Chinese nation.4.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.When he was still young, he had great expectations.His major was medicine, but later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected Interim President of the Republic of China.On the following New Year` s day, he took the oath of office in Nanjing.In 1921, he took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.5.The construction of the Mausoleum began on March 12, 1926, just on the occasion of the first anniversary of Dr.Sun’s death and was completed in 1929 when the remains of Dr.Sun Yatsen was transported from Beijing and buried at the present site on June 1, the day that the grand funeral ceremony was held in large procession.二、陵前部分（2分鐘）

1、孝經(jīng)鼎的重量、高度和鼎腹的刻字及內(nèi)置六角銅牌上的內(nèi)容

3、墓道的長度、寬度及特點

2、博愛坊的建筑特色，高度、寬度及正中匾額的“博愛”題字及出處

1.Now, please look to the south.There is a treasured tripod made of bronze, having an ear in each of its sides.One side of the tripod is engraved with three characters “Wisdom, Benevolence and Courage”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the tripod stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “the Classic of Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the tripod is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.2.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway is 12 meters height and 17.3 meters in width.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The words in English mean “universal fraternity”.They were written by Dr.Sun Yatsen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity”.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom for many years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.3.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is an avenue leading to the mausoleum.The avenue is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.Both sides of the avenue are planted with Himalayan pines, gingko and maple trees etc, having replaced the stone statues and animals before ancient tombs.The tomb avenue in such a design may best embody Dr.Sun’s spirit and noble character.三、陵門、碑亭（2分30秒）the gate of the mausoleum, tablet pavilion

1、陵門前廣場簡介

2、陵門的建筑特點，“天下為公”匾額題字及出處

4、臺階與八大平臺簡介：包括臺階和平臺的數(shù)量、寓意，第五層和頂層平臺的重要陳設(shè)

3、碑亭的形狀、建筑特點，碑的高度、特點和碑上的題字

1.At the end of the avenue stands a magnificent entrance tower.It is the gate of the mausoleum.In front of it is an open cement platform 70meters in width flanked by lawns.On each side of the platform there is a guardroom roofed by blue-glazed tiles.But the rooms did never have a guard stationed before.2.The gate of the mausoleum is single-eaved and gable-roofed with bule-glazed tiles too.Under the front eave of the gate, Dr.Sun Yatsen’s motto” The World Belongs to the Public” can be seen.The words are quoted from The Analects of Confucius.Dr.Sun often wrote them during his life as the wording for a scroll, because this is the lofty ideal that Dr.Sun pursued all his life.3.Now, in front of us is the tablet pavilion with a double-eaved and nine ridged roof of blue-glazed titles.Erected in the middle of the pavilion is an eight meters high stele which was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters “Chinese Kuomintang buried premier sun here on June 1, 18th year of the republic of china”.These words were written by one of the founder members of Kuomintang, Tan Yankai.4.Now we are on the fifth platform.Look, there are two big copper “ding” with two holes in the bottom of the left.Why? In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.They always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.Now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.There are altogether 392 steps which implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.The architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you can’t see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.四、祭堂、墓室（3分鐘）Memorial Hall，Coffin Chamber

1、祭堂前平臺簡介

2、祭堂的建筑特點和規(guī)模、“天地之氣”直額及三拱門上的“民族、民生、民權(quán)”題字

3、祭堂內(nèi)的布局：色彩、十二根黑大理石柱、東西墻裙的《建國大綱》、內(nèi)頂黨徽圖案及孫中山坐像

4、坐像基座六幅石雕

5、墓室門簡介、墓室內(nèi)部的建筑特色、圓形石壙的直徑和深度，孫中山臥像簡介

6、墓穴簡介

1.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber.They are the major parts of the mausoleum.2.The structure of the Memorial Hall is of an ancient wooden palace style.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue-glazed tiles.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief—“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “People` s livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun` s revolutionary activities.A vertical plaque under the eave is inscribed with 4characters written in Dr.Sun’s own hand, meaning “The healthy tendency is bound to prevail over the world.”

3.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.There are 12 black stone columns which implied 12 months in a year.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yatsen` s handwriting of “The Outline National Reconstruction”, engraved on the east and west walls.The floor is paved by black Yunnan marble and the vaulted caisson ceiling in inlaid with mosaic emblem of the K.M.T.Party.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.The statue was sculpted by a Polish sculptor in 1930 in Paris.4.The 4 faces of pedestal for the statue are carved in bas-relief about Dr.Sun’s revolutionary activities.The relief carvings respectively stand for: a new born baby held in its mother’s arms symbolizing the new republic is supported by the whole nation;going abroad for promotion and holding discussions about the revolution, rousing the deaf and awakening the unhearing that is to say enlightening the benighted;sending the punitive expedition against the warlord Yuan shikai, and the state power authorized by the Congress.5.6.Behind the Memorial Hall is a vault-framed tomb chamber 18 meters in diameter and 11 meters in height.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door is a double-leaf door made of copper.The door frame is built by black marble with 4 Chinese characters carved on its lintel, meaning “Imperishable Noble Spirit”.The second door is a single-leaf door also made of copper, on which “The Tomb of Mr.Sun Zhongshan” is carved in 7 Chinese seal characters.In the middle of the chamber is a round tomb pit enclosed by a marble railing, and in which a marble coffin is placed with the sleeping statue of Dr.Sun in Chinese tunic suit on its top, as if he were resting in peace.But his remains are buried 5 meters deep underneath.五、附屬紀念建筑（1分鐘）

3、中山植物園（原總理陵園植物園）

4、廖仲愷與何香凝墓、譚延闿墓、紫霞湖正氣亭

1、孫中山紀念館

2、音樂臺、光華亭、行健亭、流徽榭

1.There are many other buildings in the surrounding areas of the Mausoleum.The Dr Sun Yatsen Museum is located in the deep forest of a quiet dale between the Mausoleum and the Linggu Temple.2.There are also Music Stand, Reviving China Arbor, Brisk Walk Arbor and Stray Rays Waterside Arbor around here.3.If you are interest in plants, you can go to the Zhongshan Botanical Garden.Breaking the earth for the establishment in 1929, it was the No.1 National Botanical Garden in China.4.At the foothills of the Zhongshan Mountain, there are several tomb-yards for the revolutionaries in the contemporary history of China, such as Tomb for Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning and Tomb of Tan Yankai.What’s more, you can also go and have a visit of the Upright Pavilion in Zixia Lake.

第二篇：南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游詞

南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游詞

My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen ”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshang City),Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year` s day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31,1912 Mr.Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “IF possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun` s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr.Sun` s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun` s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun` s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo` s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now ,please look to the south.There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper “ding”(an ancient cooking vessel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity ”.It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatness of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr.SunYat-sen` s handwriting.It means that the state doesn` t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People` s Principles.We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”.These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun` s merits couldn` t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge(known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform.Look ,there are two big copper “ding”.They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.Why? Just let me tell you.In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people` s livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun` s revolutionary activities.Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun` s life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72 martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou.The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room` s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun` s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun` s remains and decided to burn them.It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun` s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr.Sun` s remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun` s birthday.Ladies and gentlemen.Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good bye and good luck!

第三篇：南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游辭

南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游辭

My dear friends, when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many places of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen＇s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun＇s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan” as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer＇s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshan City), Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out, restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership” and the Three People＇s Principles-“Nationalism, Democracy and the People＇s Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year＇s day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on, Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai＇s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People＇s Principles and put forward Three people＇s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb?

It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31, 1912 Mr.Sun resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place where the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “If possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun＇s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.

第四篇：導(dǎo)游證考試-中山陵(附圖片)

中山陵

【景點概述】2分30秒

1、地理位置、建陵時間、5A級景區(qū)

2、墓址選定

3、中山陵的設(shè)計者及設(shè)計特點

4、孫中山生平

5、奉安大典

各位游客，中山陵景區(qū)位于南京市紫金山南麓的小茅山。是我國偉大的民主革命先行者孫中山先生的陵墓，中山陵坐北朝南，前臨平川，背靠青山，其建筑采用依山為陵的形式。是全國重點文物保護單位，是國家5A級景區(qū)。

1925年孫中山先生去世后，根據(jù)他生前的遺愿選定了墓址。你們也許會問：孫先生出生于廣東，逝世于北京，畢生為革命奔波于各地，為什么要選擇南京作為自己的長眠之地呢？孫先生臨終前囑咐“吾死之后，可葬于南京紫金山麓，因為南京為臨時政府成立之地，所以不可忘辛亥革命也?！绷昴菇ㄓ?926年，于1929 年完工，整個陵墓由南向北沿著山勢逐級升高，主要建筑有：牌坊、墓道、陵門、碑亭、平臺、祭堂、墓室。它的設(shè)計者呂彥直匠心獨具，將整個陵寢設(shè)計為“木鐸”之狀，寓含警鐘長鳴之意。

陵墓主體工程完工后，國民政府為孫先生舉行了隆重的奉安大典。將先生的遺體自北京香山碧云寺移出，由專列護送抵達南京，在國民黨中央黨部舉行三天公祭后，于1929年6月1日舉行了奉安大典，從此孫先生就一直長眠于此，距今已有80多年。

接下來，我為您簡單介紹一下孫先生的生平。孫中山，姓孫名文，字逸仙，在日本從事革命活動時曾化名“中山樵”。孫先生于1866年出生在廣東省香山縣翠亨村，年少時學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)，后來棄醫(yī)從政。于1905年在日本成立了中國同盟會，被推舉為總理，他提出了“驅(qū)除韃虜、恢復(fù)中華、建立民國、平均地權(quán)”的著名綱領(lǐng)，及“民族、民權(quán)、民生”的三名主義學(xué)說，1911年武昌起義爆發(fā)后，被十七省代表一致推舉為中華民國臨時大總統(tǒng)，于1912年元月1日在南京宣誓就職。此后又經(jīng)歷了二次革命、護國運動、護法運動等風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨。在1924年1月廣州召開的中國國民黨第一次全國代表大會上，他將舊三民主義發(fā)展為新三民

主義，提出了“聯(lián)俄、聯(lián)共、扶助農(nóng)工”的三大政策。同年11月他應(yīng)馮玉祥將軍之邀抱病北上共商國家大計，因積勞成疾于1925年3月12日病逝在北京。

【陵前部分】2分鐘

1、孝經(jīng)鼎的重量、高度和鼎腹的刻字及內(nèi)置六角銅牌上的內(nèi)容

2、博愛坊的建筑特色，高度、寬度及正中匾額的“博愛”題字及出處

3、墓道的長度、寬度及

各位游客，我們現(xiàn)在就來到了中山陵的陵園廣場，正南端是一座八角形石臺，石臺上有一尊三足兩耳的紫銅寶鼎，重達五千公斤，高4.25米、腹徑1.23米，是中山陵紀念裝飾之一。它是由廣州中山大學(xué)的全體師生于1933年秋捐資建造，在鼎的腹部刻有“智仁勇”三個字，這是中山大學(xué)的校訓(xùn)。鼎的上半部還有六角形的銅牌，上面有原中山大學(xué)校長戴季陶的母親黃氏老夫人所書的孝經(jīng)全文，所以這座鼎又被稱為孝經(jīng)鼎。

大家現(xiàn)在看到的是半月形博愛廣場，由廣場踏階而上，迎面是一座四柱三門的沖天式仿古石牌坊，稱為博愛坊，它的高度為12米，花崗巖石柱上蓋藍色琉璃瓦，柱腳前后夾抱鼓石，牌坊上雕刻蓮花瓣及和璽彩畫等圖案。正中橫額有孫中山先生親手所書的“博愛”兩字，語出自韓愈《原道》“博愛之為仁”，孫先生以偉大的博愛精神致力于資產(chǎn)階級革命，為民族的獨立自由奮斗不息，可以說“博愛”二字正是對他一生高度概括的最好寫照

博愛坊向前是墓道，墓道長480米，共有三道，中道最寬為9米，東西兩道為4.5米，間隔墓道兩側(cè)用兩兩相對的雪松、薈柏、銀杏和紅楓取代了古代帝王陵墓神道前的石人、石獸，更能體現(xiàn)中山先生的高風(fēng)亮節(jié)。整個陵前廣場部分氣勢開闊，綠化規(guī)整，具有西方園林開闊大氣的美感。

【陵門、碑亭】2分30秒

1、陵門前廣場簡介

2、陵門的建筑特點，“天下為公”匾額題字及出處

3、碑亭的形狀、建筑特點，碑的高度、特點和碑上的題字

4、臺階與八大平臺簡介：包括臺階和平臺的數(shù)量、寓意，第五層和頂層平臺的重要陳設(shè)

穿過墓道，來到陵門平臺。根據(jù)呂彥直的設(shè)計，整個陵墓平面為“木鐸”形。木鐸的聲音洪亮，而且傳的很遠，有“使天下皆達道”的寓意，其用意也在警示后人。陵門廣場的邊緣就是當(dāng)年呂彥直設(shè)計的“自由之鐘”的下緣。廣場東西栽有千頭松和銀杏。陵門前有漢白玉石獅一對，顯得非常的莊嚴古樸?，F(xiàn)在我們看到的單檐歇山式建筑就是陵門，上覆藍色琉璃瓦。陵門正中的門額上，有孫中山先生親手所書的“天下為公”四個字，這四個字出自于孔子《禮記、禮運》中的“大道之行也，天下為公”，意思是國家政權(quán)不是哪一家的天下，而是天下人的天下，是老百姓的天下。是與“家天下”相對立的思想。這是對三民主義的極好注解。也是孫中山先生畢生奮斗的崇高理想。

穿過陵門我們現(xiàn)在看到的是碑亭，重檐歇山頂，上覆藍色琉璃瓦，亭內(nèi)石碑高8.1米，正中鐫刻有國民黨黨徽，上面是原國民政府主席、行政院院長譚延闿手書的“中國國民黨葬總理孫先生于此，中華民國十八年六月一日”24個顏體楷書鎦金大字。由此可見孫中山先生的葬禮為“黨葬”。

從碑亭往后就是層層疊疊的臺階，碑亭到祭堂這段石階共有290層，分為八段，象征

著三民主義、五權(quán)憲法。五權(quán)憲法是國民政府時期的政權(quán)組織形式，即由行政、立法、司法、考試、監(jiān)察五院合掌權(quán)利。第四層平臺上，陳列著一對紫銅鼎，是當(dāng)時上海特別市政府捐贈的，鼎身刻有“奉安大典”四個字，在西側(cè)的鼎上有日軍侵華時留下的彈孔。第五層平臺上有一對石獅，是福建名匠蔣文子先生的杰作?！炯捞?、墓室】3分鐘

1、祭堂前平臺簡介

2、祭堂的建筑特點和規(guī)模、“天地之氣”直額及三拱門上的“民族、民生、民權(quán)”題字

3、祭堂內(nèi)的布局：色彩、十二根黑大理石柱、東西墻裙的《建國大綱》、內(nèi)頂黨徽圖案及孫中山坐像

4、坐像基座六幅石雕的方位和名稱

5、墓室門簡介、墓室內(nèi)部的建筑特色、圓形石壙的直徑和深度，孫中山臥像簡介

6、墓穴簡介

中山陵的修建依托紫金山，陵墓更顯氣勢雄偉壯觀。從最下方的博愛坊到祭堂，我們已經(jīng)走過了平面大約700米，高度大約70米的距離。先生的祭堂與墓室依托著鐘山氣勢，更顯巍峨，讓謁陵者感悟中山先生的革命精神與浩然正氣長留天地之間。

第8層的平臺上，有孫先生長子孫科一家敬贈的青石鼎。祭堂前還有國民政府主席林森捐贈的一對華表。

現(xiàn)在我們就來到了祭堂和墓室。祭堂墓室的修建為一期工程，工程開始于中山先生逝世一周年后的1926年3月12日，在祭堂的后面開辟墓包花園，內(nèi)有中山陵建設(shè)史料展，用大量翔實的圖片與文字資料展示了中山陵從設(shè)計、建設(shè)到奉安大典的全過程。

祭堂是陵墓的主體建筑，重檐歇山頂，丄覆藍色琉璃瓦，坊額正中是中山先生手書“天

地正氣”四字直額，祭堂正面有三扇拱形大門，在門楣上有國民黨元老張靜江所書的“民族，民權(quán)，民生”六個篆字。

祭堂內(nèi)采用云南的大理石鋪地，十二根黑大理石柱采用四隱八顯的手法，左右兩側(cè)的護壁上有孫先生手書的《建國大綱》全文。頂上的斗式藻井是用馬賽克鑲嵌的國民黨黨徽。祭堂正中孫中山坐像由法國雕刻家保羅.阿林斯基用意大利白石雕刻。孫先生身穿長袍馬褂，膝上攤著展開的文卷，雙目凝視前方，神情沉思。在坐像底部的四周，還有六幅浮雕，分別是如抱赤子，出國宣傳，商討革命，國會授印，振聾發(fā)聵，討袁護國。反映了孫中山先生從事革命活動的片斷。

祭堂與墓室相通。墓門分為兩道，外門為兩扇對開銅門，門額上有孫先生為黃花崗烈士手書的“浩氣長存”四個字。第二道門為單扇銅門，門上刻有張靜江纂書“孫中山先生之墓”，墓室為穹隆狀封閉式建筑。頂部是用馬賽克鑲嵌的國民黨黨徽圖案。墓室中央是一大理石石壙，石壙中有孫中山先生的白色大理石臥像，是由捷克雕刻家高琪雕刻而成。孫先生的遺體就安葬在石壙下5米深處。自1929年6月1日到今天墓室從未被打開過。

【附屬紀念建筑】1分鐘

1、孫中山紀念館

2、音樂臺、光華亭、行健亭、流徽榭

3、中山植物園（原總理陵園植物園）

中山陵周圍有許多附屬建筑，孫中山先生紀念館，原名為藏經(jīng)樓，收藏有孫先生的圖片資料及實物，在藏經(jīng)樓后有三民主義碑廊。藏經(jīng)樓外有一尊孫中山銅像，是中山先生的日本友人梅屋莊吉捐贈的。

音樂臺，是由美國舊金山華僑代表和國民黨遼寧省黨部捐資建造的。此外還有光華亭、行建亭、流徽榭等社會各界捐建的中山陵紀念建筑。

中山陵的周邊還有中山植物園，廖仲愷、何香凝墓，譚延闿墓、紫霞湖、正氣亭等建筑，大家有時間可以前去游覽。各位游客，中山陵的講解就到這里結(jié)束，我們接下來要游覽的景點是靈谷寺，請各位游客30分鐘后在停車場集合上車，謝謝大家！

第五篇：南京中山陵導(dǎo)游詞

中山陵

各位游客，歡迎來到我國偉大的民主革命先行者孫中山先生的陵墓——南京中山陵。中山陵，位于南京市東郊紫金山南麓，是南京民國時期的著名建筑，現(xiàn)已成為南京的名片和標(biāo)志。

孫中山先生名孫文，字逸仙，因從事革命活動時曾用過“中山樵”的化名，所以又被尊稱為中山先生。中山先生是中國近代民族民主主義革命的開拓者，中華民國和中國國民黨的締造者，他首舉徹底反帝反封建的旗幟，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)辛亥革命，推翻了在中國存在了兩千多年的帝制。1925年積勞成疾在北京逝世，終年59歲。中山陵的墓址是中山先生生前選定的，他選擇南京紫金山為墓址，是為了紀念辛亥革命，激勵革命同仁，表現(xiàn)了討伐帝制和繼續(xù)革命的決心。

中山陵是由青年建筑師呂彥直設(shè)計的，依山而筑，坐北朝南，西鄰明孝陵，東毗靈谷寺，墓地全局呈“警鐘”形圖案，寓有“喚起民眾”之意，讓人想起中山先生“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”的遺言，給人以警鐘長鳴、發(fā)人深醒的啟迪。建筑風(fēng)格中西合璧，既有深刻含意，又顯莊嚴雄偉，被譽為“中國近代建筑史上第一陵”。

現(xiàn)在我們來到的是中山陵的陵園廣場。廣場四周蒼松挺立，樹大蔭濃，恰似革命事業(yè)萬古長青，枝繁葉茂，生生不息。大家再看廣場南面那座三層八角形石臺上是一尊紫銅寶鼎，被命名為“孝經(jīng)鼎”，此鼎是1933年秋由廣州中山大學(xué)全體師生在老校長戴季陶的帶領(lǐng)下所捐贈的祭物，廣州中山大學(xué)是全國紀念孫中山先生的最高學(xué)府、戴季陶不僅是孫中山的親密戰(zhàn)友更是其盟拜兄弟。鼎的正面鑄有“智、仁、勇”三個字，既是中山大學(xué)的校訓(xùn)，也是中山先生一生的寫照。鼎的背部還刻有國民黨以孝治國的8個字：“忠孝、仁愛、信義、和平”，鼎內(nèi)還刻有戴母黃氏手書《孝經(jīng)》全文，所以叫孝經(jīng)鼎。

由廣場拾級而上，迎面的便是一座四柱三檐的花崗巖牌坊，牌坊上端正中的橫帽上刻著“博愛”二字，因此又稱為“博愛坊”。牌坊，通常建在我國古代帝王陵寢的入口處，用來歌功頌德，朝拜者到此必須下馬步行。“博愛”兩字是中山先生的手跡，出自于唐宋八大家之首的韓愈“博愛之為仁”一語，意思是說，一個人的愛心、胸懷很寬廣、很博大，要用這樣的胸懷去愛天下每個人。孫先生一生以偉大的博愛精神致力于資產(chǎn)階級民主革命，前后數(shù)十年，為民族的獨立自由奮斗不息，可以說“博愛”二字正是對他一生的高度概括和最好寫照。我們穿過博愛坊，走上陵園墓道。480米長的墓道氣勢開闊，綠化規(guī)整。為了體現(xiàn)孫先生的崇高偉大，整個陵區(qū)的建筑植被講求中軸對稱，更給人以莊嚴肅穆之感。請大家向前看，朝北順著山坡，依次有陵門、碑亭、祭堂和祭堂后的墓室等建筑。而墓道兩旁對稱地種植著蒼松、翠柏、紅楓、銀杏，代替了古代陵墓前常用的石人石獸，喻示著中山先生的浩然正氣長留天地之間。

走過墓道，我們即將到達的是陵墓的核心區(qū)域，請大家?guī)е绺呔囱鲋?，隨我一路感悟中山先生的革命精神和浩然正氣，以及陵園設(shè)計者的獨具匠心！