第一篇：陜西省導(dǎo)游口試考試景點(diǎn)講解：歷史博物館英文導(dǎo)游詞

陜西省導(dǎo)游口試考試景點(diǎn)講解：歷史博物館英文導(dǎo)游詞 Shaanxi History Museum is a state-level large-scale modernization of the museum is a magnificent Tang-style building, covers an area of about 70,000 square meters, construction area of over 50,000 square meters.It brings together the culture of Shaanxi, shows the development of Chinese civilization, Shaanxi Province in China in view of the history of the status of the state to invest a total of 144,000,000 yuan for the construction of the Shaanxi Museum of History, in June 1991 completion and opening.Flavor Architecture Museum, unique.It classical Chinese palace architecture and garden architecture closely together, coordinating colors, reflecting the traditional Chinese architectural style, at the same time with local characteristics and the spirit of the times.Museum of Shaanxi Province unearthed antiques 113,000(Group)showroom area of 1100 square meters, at the prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system from 115 Million years ago until the year 1840, Shaanxi's history.In Chinese history, there have been 11 dynasties established their capitals in Shaanxi Province and will last for 1,000 years, is the capital of China's most Dynasty, the longest of the capital region, from a certain point, the ancient history of Shaanxi is China's history Enrichment.● features: Museum of Shaanxi Province in ancient China into the palace courtyard with the architectural style in one, dignified and elegant, generous simplicity, the layout of coordination, the great momentum, reflecting the ethnic and local characteristics, the Library has central air-conditioning, lighting systems, multi-purpose use Computer management system and the central control system.Heritage and the Treasury have modern languages with simultaneous interpretation function Hall.● Shaanxi Museum of History of the Tang Dynasty architectural style succession of powerful broad, dignified and elegant style, from traditional Chinese palace “axis of symmetry, the master-slave in an orderly manner, the central hall, Si Yu Chong-floor,” the layout of the form and at the same time the use of modern advanced technology to China's Sheng Tang period classical architectural style with modern requirements of the museum features combined into one, has managed to maintain the old style with modern features.The roof of the Tang Dynasty used the prevalence of gray green glazed tile, Wah Kwai appears to be a solemn, simple person, wall materials like asbestos tiles,Doors and windows are tinted using large pieces of glass and aluminum framework, the Library can be equipped with temperature and humidity control of the closed central air-conditioning system of multi-functional lighting systems, automatic fire alarm systems, computer-controlled management system;heritage with science and technology center With-the-art laboratory to test repair techniques and means of protection.To enhance cultural exchange between China, has computer-controlled and have 300,000 books in the library and 6-language simultaneous interpretation of international academic Hall.In addition, there are facilities for cultural relics libraries, library, shopping and so on.● collections: the Museum's collection of historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi 370,000 fine, visitors can enjoy prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing from 115 million years ago to Year in 1840 between the Shaanxi Cultural Relics.● Structure: galleries with a total area of 11,000 square meters, to display the basic points, and temporary exhibits on display feature three parts, on display ancient history of Shaanxi, Shanxi Bronze Exhibition, Shaanxi show the essence of ancient pottery and domestic Tangmu murals show the most real thing Attractive.● into the hall of the museum, in the face of huge photographs to show people Pentium Miangen roar of the Yellow River and the vast loess plateau.This is the birth of the breeding history and culture of Shaanxi's geographical location.Shaanxi Yellow Earth's history is the history of civilization.Heads held high standing in the central hall of the giant lion is the symbol of civilization.Its grand design, the surging momentum, the beautiful stone, Hongik Univ of vision, called “Eastern Lions in the first.”This is the first in the history of Chinese stone lions from the only female Emperor Wu of Young's mother, Ling-shun.Ancient Chinese lion and the lion sculpture art from Afghanistan into Central Asia's strange romance with the immense depth of East Asia here so perfectly integrated into one, embodies the history and culture of Shaanxi tone.Nearly 1,500 m of exhibition by the basic line on display, special and temporary exhibits on display consists of three parts.Museum is located in the central up and down two floors to display the basic meta-historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi Province of the essence, the display of more than 3,000 pieces of rare treasures unearthed in Shaanxi from the hundreds of thousands of cultural relics selected from a number of precious cultural relics here from the public for the first time in World Bank, sub-prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system, from 115 million years ago by the year 1840, Shaanxi's ancient history, and a number of important people understand the Shaanxi Archeology The basic

Han four Wadang God(Suzaku)diameter of 15.8 cm, 2 cm wide margin round, Shaanxi Han Chang'an City ruins unearthed.Suzaku unloading the Pearl of the mouth, head Qiao Mei, the more dignified and powerful Meng, the sacred abnormal.Now in the possession of the Shaanxi History Museum.

第二篇：陜西省導(dǎo)游口試考試景點(diǎn)講解：秦兵馬俑英文導(dǎo)游詞

陜西省導(dǎo)游口試考試景點(diǎn)講解：秦兵馬俑英文導(dǎo)游詞

Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum

Emperor Qin Shihuang(259-210B.C.)had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name.He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22.By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor.He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system.Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system.He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures.To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats.Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built.All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture.They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field.As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy.Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive.Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”

Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain.These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other.Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated.What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened.However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum.In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey.The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum.This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad.In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council.The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters.It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel.There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively.The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks.Thick rafters were placed onto the walls(but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth.The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east.In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces.They are supposed to be the van of the formation.Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long.They are probably the main body of the formation.There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards.They are probably the flanks and the rear.There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed.The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten.But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc.left clear impressions on the earth bed.The copper parts of the chariots still remain.Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long.According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor.The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation.Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits.The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick.In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken.Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army.All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest.They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions.Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy.They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on.The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted.As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours.However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new.They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads.These weapons were exquisitely made.Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals.Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years.This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum.These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy.The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall.The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background.They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful.Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection.The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology.For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation.According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling.The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated.After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983.No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning, Today, we are going to visit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan, about 35 kilometers east of Xi’an.First, I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor, Yingzheng.He came to the throne at the age of 13 and seized the power at the age of 22.By 221BC, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China.After the unification of the whole country, he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage, weights and measures, the legal codes, the written scripts and so on.He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall.All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China.But the First Qin Emperor was very ambitious.As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him.It took 37 years to complete this great project.Actually, the site of those terracotta warriors and horses we now see is just a small part of his mausoleum.Ok, everyone, now we are standing at the front gate of the Eighth Wonder of the world---the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China, it was also listed as a world heritage site.So next, let’s go to uncover the veil of this miraculous work.In March 1974,when several farmers were sinking a well about 1.5km east of the First Qin Emperor’s Maosolem, they came upon many fragments of the terracotta figures.The results of archaeological excavation showed that is two more pits were discovered respectively.They were then named pit1，pit2, and pit3 by the order of discovery.The new discovery stirred up a sensation all over the world.In order to provide the historical artifacts with adequate protection, a musem was set up on the site of Pit 1 in 1975 upon the approval of the state council.Pit 1,covers an area of 16,300 square meters, is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel.The terra cotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation.In the front of this formation, there are 210warriors in 3 lines facing forward.Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the so-called vanguard.Meanwhile, there is one row of warriors on each of the borders of this pit, facing outward---they are the flanks and the rear guard.Holding long-distance shooting weapons, they took up the job of defending the whole army.Then, this way please.We may find ten partition walls which divided this pit into 11 corridors.The warriors standing inside them with horse-drawn chariots represent the principal military force of this battle formation.According to the density, there are over 6000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantrymen.Ok, Here now we arrived at Pit 2.we can see that Pit 2 is still under cover, that’s because we want to preserve them.Pit 2 consists of 4 different mixed military forces in four arrays, they are infantrymen, cavalrymen, archers and charioteers.And pit 2 also include many chariots and horses.They can be divided to act independently, capable of attacking, and defending with a quick response.As you see, those worriors, their feet, legs, bodies, necks, hands and heads, all with different faces, were all made separately and joined together.we may find they are all vivid and true to life.And also as we can see, here are some actual weapons unearthed in those pits.The most attractive one is a bronze sword.Although it was buried over thousands of years, it is still very sharp.It can cat through 20 pieces of paper put together.Now we come to pit 3.Pit 3 covers an area of about 520 square meters.There are only 68 warriors and 4 clay horses.The warriors were arranged opposite to each other in two rows, and only one kind of weapon called “SHU” had been discovered.This kind of weapon has no blade, and is believed to be used by the guards of honor.We have found many animal bones in the north side, and it is supposed to be “Prayer Hall”, and “Commander’s office” is on the south side.This suggests pit 3 is the headquarters directing the whole underground army.Then we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses.In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were found.They broke into thousands of pieces when we found them and after 8 years’ careful restoration;they were rebuilt and open to the public.The first one was named “High Chariot” and the second one was called “Security Chariot”.They were the eariliest and most exquisitely and intricately made bronze valuables,and also the largest bronze wares discovered in the history of world archaeology.It provides extremlyvaluable material and data for the research of the metallurgical technique and technological modeling og the Qin Dynasty.So now we will finish our journey in the museum today, I believe that you must be very astonished at this world wonder.So it’s your time,you can work around and take some pictures.thank you for listening.

第三篇：陜西省導(dǎo)游口試考試景點(diǎn)講解：華山英文導(dǎo)游詞

陜西省導(dǎo)游口試考試景點(diǎn)講解：華山英文導(dǎo)游詞Hua Shan is the highest of China’s five sacred mountains.It is 120 kilometers east of Xian.It has five peaks that resemble the petals of a flower.The highest peak is 2180 meters(7085 feet).We had had discussions about going to Hua Shan with some graduate students from Computer Science.That didn’t work out due to changes in schedules on both sides.Also, they were planning to do the climb at night to be able to reach the peak at sunrise.That did not appeal to us.We wanted to spend a night on the mountain.Fran’s department arranged a trip for us, making reservations at the simple hotel on the North Peak.They sent two graduate students to accompany us, though they had not been to Hua Shan before.We met them at 8:00 on Saturday morning and took a taxi to the train station.There we asked around and located a mini-bus.The bus made a couple of stops.One was to see a presentation about the traditional medicines grown on the mountain and a chance to buy some of them.It probably would have been interesting if we understood Chinese.Our guides gave us the general outline about what was said.The other stop was a quick lunch stop.There are two approaches to Hua Shan.[Chinese proverb: “There is one road and only one road to Hua Shan,” meaning that sometimes the hard way is the only way.] The west entrance involves 10 kilometers of walking on a road before you start climbing.We went with the east entrance, where the bus brings you to the base of a cable car that goes up to the 1500 meter North Peak.Our plan was to walk up to the North Peak, then climb to the four other peaks the next day and take the cable car down.We started the climb in the early afternoon.The path consists of stone steps with rough chain link handrails in the narrowest areas(we wore our bicycling gloves for hand protection).Physically, it is more like climbing the steps of a skyscraper than trails at home.However, the temperature was about 95 degrees and there was not much shade.We brought lots of water, including some bottles that we froze and some Gatorade that we got at the fancy department store in downtown Xian.There are plenty of refreshment stands along the way where you can buy bottled water, the Chinese equivalent of Gatorade, and other drinks or snacks at a premium price.We reached the North Peak before 4:00 PM and rested at the hotel.Our room was basic, but comfortable and clean enough.Because water is scarce on the mountain, there were neither showers nor sinks available for washing.In that sense the experience felt like camping, but we were sleeping in a big tent!

After dinner at the hotel restaurant, we spent some time talking with our guides.We were a bit surprised to find that they both think of Japan negatively, but like the U.S.It seems that Japan’s WWII behavior in China has not been forgotten, and is emphasized in school.We saw a beautiful sunset and watched the sky become resplendent with thousands of stars, including the Milky Way galaxy.This was the clearest sky that we have seen in China.The fresh air at Hua Shan is a treat!

Our guides had both been planning to get up at 4:00 AM to watch the sunrise.Fran and I made sleep a priority.We did happen to wake up a bit before sunrise(our room faced east)and went outside to watch the sky become rosy.Ironically, our guides missed the sunrise because they had stayed up late watching the European soccer championships on the television in their room The plan for the day was to climb the other four peaks, but we reserved the right to shorten the route.The first part was a steep climb to Middle Peak.After the low North Peak, all the others are at roughly 2000 meters.There were crowds on the way to Middle Peak – mostly Chinese hikers but we did see a few other wai guo(foreigners)as well.We visited two Taoist temples en route to Middle Peak.Each one had an altar with incense and offerings of fruit.The friendly monks invited us to say a prayer or to send blessings to loved ones.Fran accepted their invitation.At the first temple, she lit incense sticks and knelt on a cushion in front of the altar saying a silent prayer for our safe journey to the various summits of Hua Shan(the prayer was answered).At the second temple, she knelt on a cushion in front of the altar and sent silent blessings to several friends who are experiencing challenging situations in their lives at present.After each blessing, she leaned forward and the monk struck a drum.After Middle Peak, the crowds got much thinner.The next was East Peak, which had a steep ladder climbing rock.Fran was dubious about this ascent, but realized that the ladder wasn’t so bad and went for it.That was a good decision because we were then able to do a loop and the trails got almost empty at this point.After skirting the top of a cliff with a steep dropoff on both sides, we had a pleasant walk to South Peak and West Peak.There was even a small amount of dirt trail!The summit of South Peak was the highest point on Hua Shan, so of course we asked another hiker to take a photo of our guides and us.The views from the tops of each peak were beautiful.Hua Shan and the surrounding mountains are very rugged and remind us somewhat of hiking in the southwestern United States or the Sierras.We took a route that eventually brought us to the main line returning down from Middle to North Peak.We were happy to have ascended each of the five peaks(petals)of Flower Mountain.By cable car(the longest in Asia), it was just 7 minutes down to the park entrance.We caught a shuttle bus into town, then transferred to a bus for Xian.Our guides told us that we had walked up and down a total of 4000 stairs!We were glad that we did not have this information when we started.For three days after returning home, our sore leg muscles instructed us to take the elevator to our fifth floor apartment rather than climbing the stairs.

第四篇：陜西省導(dǎo)游口試考試景點(diǎn)講解：華清池英文導(dǎo)游詞

陜西省導(dǎo)游口試考試景點(diǎn)講解：華清池英文導(dǎo)游詞

Huaqing Pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of Xi’an.Historically, the Western Zhou dynasty saw the construction of the Li Palace on the spot.In the Qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name Lishan Tang(the Lishan Hot Spring).The site was extended into a palace in the Han dynasty, and renamed the Li Palace(the Resort Palace).In the Tang dynasty, Li Shimin(Emperor Tai Zong)ordered to construct the Hot Spring Palace, and Emperor Xuan Zong had a walled palace built around Lishan Mountain in the year of 747.It was known as the Huaqing Palace.It also had the name Huaqing Pool on account of its location on the hot springs.Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, a branch range of the Qinling Ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high.It is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance.So it has the name of the Lishan Mountain(Li means a black horse).The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favourite lady, Yang Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter days.When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white.However, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall.It owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring.This is the Frost Drifting Hall that greets us today.Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool.According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past.Thus, by the order of the Jade Emperor(the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here.Yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again.In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the young dragons under the Jade Cause Way(玉堤), with the Morning Glow Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation.Besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface.In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang(the Nine Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths).At the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the Huanqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of the Lunar calendar and return to Chang’an City as the year drew to its close.The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers.In it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well.The spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers.Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang(the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).The Gui Fei Bathing Pool was where Yang Gui Fei, Emperor Xuan Zong’s favorite lady, used to take bath.It was originally built with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water like a spring.The pool looked very much like a Chinese flowering crabapple;Hence its name the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Hot Spring or the Lotus Hot Spring..Lady Yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to air her hair after a bath.Therefore, it was named the Hair Airing Pavilion.Whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was aglow with sunshine;hence the name the Flying Roseate Pavilion.Southwest of the Gui Fei Bathing Pool stands a brick-built pavilion.On its head three big Chinese characters “Xi Jia Lou”(Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of the most celebrated according to the model of the most celebrated Chinese calligrapher, Yu You Ren, here is the source of the spring water.At this spa there are four hot springs.They have an hourly flow of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°C.The spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals, which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of quite a few diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatism, arthritis and muscular pain.The Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion marks the first source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years ago, roughly in the Western Zhou Dynasty.Its water flow averages 25 tons per hour.Take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will gradually see the Five-Room Pavilion where Chiang Kaishek made a temporary stay during the Xi’an Incident.The Xi’an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and it is also known as the Double Twelfth Incident.After the Incident of September 18, 1936, the Japanese imperialists seized the three provinces northeast of China, and intensified their invasion of North China.This was the very moment vital to the Chinese nation.Yet Chiang Kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his reactionary policy “domestic tranquility is a must for the resistance against Japanese invades,” and commanded the Northeast Army and Northwest Army, respectively headed by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.Inspired by our Party’s policy “l(fā)et us stop the internal war and unit to resist the Japanese aggressors,” those two generals made to Chiang Kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the Communist Party for the resistance.Not only did he reject the proposal, but flew to Xi’an to scheme the “suppression of the Communist Party.” And the slaughter of the patriotic youth.Out of patriotism, Zhang and Yang started the famous Xi’an Incident.Very early on the morning of December 12, 1936 the Incident was impending.Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng ordered a squad of bodyguards to surround the Huaqing Pool.They fought a fierce battle there, and wiped out Chiang’s bodyguards in one vigorous effort.The sound of firing came to Chiang Kaishek, and he was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown and slippers only.What’s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost one of his slippers while crossing over the back wall.He staggered up Lishan Mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice halfway on it.Those brave soldiers began to search the mountain immediately when they rushed into the Five-Room Pavilion to find that Chiang’s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt remained warm.In the end they found Chiang Kaishek, and thus escorted him to Xi’an.In order to avoid a civil war and try t establish a national united front for the resistance against Japan, Mao Zedong on behalf of the C.C.P.C.insisted on a peaceful settlement of the Incident.Therefore, a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai was sent to Xi’an.Zhou Enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took everything possible into consideration, and ultimately forced Chiang Kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals.On December 25, Chiang was freed, and flew back to Nanjing.The Xi’an Incident was so peacefully settled.The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the internal war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the national united front for the anti-Japanese drive.Moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships between the Communist and Nationalists arrived at a new stage.It marked a great turning point in modern Chinese history.In the year of 1946 the KMT government had a “National Rejuvenation Pavilion” built near the crevice where Chiang Kaishek had hidden himself in the Incident.It was also called “Vital Energy Pavilion”.After the national liberation it was renamed “Catching Chiang Pavilion”.Close by the pavilion stands a wooden board which carries a brief introduction to the Xi’an Incident.Iron chains and rings in the crevices east of the pavilion, by which visitors can climb up to take a look at Chiang Kaishek’s shelter.Up the winding path east of the Five-Room-Pavilion you will catch sight of a bridge-like construction.It shines regularly with a myriad of evening sun rays both in summer and autumn, and looks very much like rainbow.So it has the name of the Hovering Rainbow Bridge.Located on the Xixiu Ridge(the West Embroidery Ridge)of the Lishan Mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the Western Zhou Dynasty seem easy to identify.The beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to give border alarm in ancient times.It was constantly under special control.Once the enemies were pressing on towards the border, the beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the daytime while set on fire at night.The story goes that Bao Si, Queen of the Western Zhou dynasty was highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile.King You tried many ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again.He “called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs”, and she pulled a long face.Then the band were asked to “play the bamboo flute and strings” and she remained displeased.Afterwards, “maids of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,” and she did not let out a smile at all.“You don’t like music!What on earth are you fond of?” the King asked.“I nearly have a liking for nothing.But I can still well remember I liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk when I was a child.It was clear anf melodious,” she replied.King You said in excitement, “That is very simple.How come you didn’t let me know it earlier?”

Thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear it into pieces.Hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly torn, but Bao Si remained unmoved.“Why didn’t you let out a single smile then?” he asked.“I have never smiled so far, ” the Queen replied.The King tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in the end he gave orders, “Anyone both in and out of court who can amuse Bao Si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.”

Afterwards Guo Shifu, a treacherous court official came and offered advice: “Set the beacon tower on fire and fool your sovereign rulers.” That night the King and Queen reached the Lishan Mountain by carriage, and gave the order.In the split second the flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved their troops immediately to the Lishan Mountain.There they found nothing but that the King and Queen enjoyed drinking festively.The King then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that “Everything should have been all right.I have just been joking with you.” When they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left disappointed.Sure enough, Bao Si burst into laughter, stroking her hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily.Accordingly, Guo Shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold.Later on King You did so more often than not.In 771 B.C.Quan Rong(a then minority tribe)staged an armed rebellion against the Western Zhou Dynasty.King You ordered urgently to set the beacon tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved.Consequently King Yu was killed, and Bao Si was taken away.The Western Zhou dynasty vanished.Herein come the Chinese idiom “A single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold” and “The sovereign rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.”

第五篇：陜西省導(dǎo)游口試景點(diǎn)講解：華清池導(dǎo)游詞

陜西省導(dǎo)游口試景點(diǎn)講解：華清池導(dǎo)游詞

華清池位于西安市城東30公里處的臨潼區(qū)內(nèi)，南依驕山，北臨渭水，內(nèi)有自然造化的天然溫泉。優(yōu)越的地理?xiàng)l件和自然環(huán)境適于原始人類在此繁衍生息，更吸引了在陜西建都的歷代帝王在此修建離宮別苑，自古以來(lái)就是我國(guó)著名的沐浴游覽勝地。

華清池歷史沿革

根據(jù)歷史文獻(xiàn)和考古發(fā)掘的資料證明，華清池已有6000年的溫泉使用史和3000年的皇家園林建筑史。近年來(lái)，考古工作者在溫泉總源北側(cè)基建時(shí)挖掘出大量的泥質(zhì)夾沙紅陶片，其紋飾、火候、陶質(zhì)、陶色均與原始社會(huì)仰韶文化時(shí)期的“姜寨遺址”出土的陶器完全相同。這表明早在6000多年以前，原始先民便在這天賜之水的滋潤(rùn)下，繁衍生息，創(chuàng)造出燦爛的史前文明。早在3000年前的西周時(shí)，周幽王就在此修有“驪宮”，周以后經(jīng)歷了秦始皇的“驪山湯”、漢武帝的“漢驪宮”、唐太宗的“湯泉宮”、唐高宗的“溫泉宮”，到了唐代第七位皇帝唐玄宗李隆基時(shí)期，在以前宮殿的基礎(chǔ)上充分發(fā)揮地理上的優(yōu)勢(shì)，依驪山的山勢(shì)而筑，環(huán)山列宮殿，宮周筑羅城，并修有登山的夾道和通往長(zhǎng)安的復(fù)道，把這里同長(zhǎng)安的“大明宮”、“興慶宮”連為一體。公元747年，新宮落成，李隆基賜名華清宮，后因?qū)m內(nèi)多溫泉浴池，又名“華清池”，并一直沿用至今。唐華清宮為富麗宏大的建筑群，從山頂至山下，宮殿林立，樓閣相屬。既合理地利用了溫泉，又體現(xiàn)了宮內(nèi)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牟季帧m內(nèi)置百宮衙署及公卿府第，新修有玄宗皇帝專用的“御湯九龍殿”、楊貴妃沫浴的“海棠湯”及供百官公卿沐浴的“尚食湯”、“少陽(yáng)湯”、“長(zhǎng)湯十六所”等。除此之外，還修有專供唐玄宗與楊貴妃尋歡作樂(lè)的“斗雞殿”、“按歌臺(tái)”、“大小馬球湯”、“舞馬臺(tái)”等。至此，華清池達(dá)到了它歷史上的鼎盛時(shí)期，出現(xiàn)了“高高驪山上有宮，朱樓紫殿三四重”的壯觀景象。

華清池是唐玄宗與楊貴妃愛(ài)情羅曼史的歷史見(jiàn)證。楊貴妃原名楊玉環(huán)，生于公元718年，唐代蒲州永樂(lè)(今山西永濟(jì))人。從小隨叔父在河南長(zhǎng)大。她天資聰穎、通音律、善歌舞，與西施、昭君、貂蟬并稱中國(guó)古代四大美女。公元735年，楊玉環(huán)被冊(cè)封為唐玄宗第十八子壽王李瑁妃。公元737年，唐玄宗的寵妃武惠妃去世，玄宗悼惜不已，整日悶悶不樂(lè)，后宮美女?dāng)?shù)千，竟無(wú)一人中意，洞知玄宗心思的高力士便暗搜外宮，于公元740年發(fā)現(xiàn)壽王妃，并被玄宗看中，為避人耳目，將壽王妃召入道觀，賜道號(hào)太真，這樣一來(lái)就解除了李瑁與楊貴妃的夫妻關(guān)系。公元745年八月初六唐玄宗正式冊(cè)封楊玉環(huán)為貴妃。因唐玄宗通音律，而楊玉環(huán)善歌舞，兩人在感情志趣上情投意合，使得玄宗對(duì)楊玉環(huán)寵愛(ài)有加，宮中呼為“娘子”，禮儀皆如皇后，真是“后宮佳麗三千人，三千寵愛(ài)在一身”。

據(jù)史載，公元750年，唐玄宗與楊貴妃在驪山半山腰的長(zhǎng)生殿前相依而立，他仰望星空，因羨慕牛郎織女的多情，傷感人世間的多變，便雙雙跪地對(duì)天盟誓，愿生生世世為夫妻?！堕L(zhǎng)恨歌》中“七月七日長(zhǎng)生殿，夜半無(wú)人私語(yǔ)時(shí)。在天愿作比翼鳥，在地愿為連理枝”就是對(duì)此情景的描寫。

“門外千宮罷早朝，三郎沉醉不知曉”，從公元747年至公元755年，每年十月，玄宗便攜貴妃姊妹及親信大臣，從京都長(zhǎng)安來(lái)華清宮淋浴溫泉，號(hào)稱“避寒”，直到第二年暮春三月才返回京師長(zhǎng)安?！笆乱蝗仗熳觼?lái)，青繩御路無(wú)塵?！保麄?cè)谶@里度七夕，避夏暑，處理朝政并接受萬(wàn)國(guó)使臣的朝拜。所以華清宮又有“第二都城”、“第二長(zhǎng)安”之稱。他們整日飲酒作樂(lè)，由梨園弟子奏樂(lè)助興，打馬球、觀斗雞、看舞馬。由于唐玄宗在執(zhí)政后期整日過(guò)著“春宵苦短日高起，從此君王不朝”的奢靡生活，終于導(dǎo)致公元755年的“安史之亂”。“西出都門百余里，六軍不發(fā)無(wú)奈何”。士兵們殺了宰相楊國(guó)忠，并逼玄宗賜締楊貴妃于馬嵬坡(今陜西興平)。從此，華清宮失去了往日的輝煌。后晉時(shí)這里被賜為道觀。宋、元、明、清還曾有多位皇帝游幸至此，但都未能達(dá)到唐華清宮的盛大規(guī)模。

好了，請(qǐng)各位跟隨我一同去領(lǐng)略這座千年皇家園林的魁力。

飛霜殿

我們首先來(lái)到的是以九龍湖為中心的風(fēng)景游覽區(qū)。映人眼簾的這座宏偉的仿古建筑，便是飛霜殿。唐時(shí)的飛霜殿，是唐玄宗與楊貴妃游幸驪山使用的寢殿。相傳此殿落成之時(shí)，正適冬季，雪花漫天飛舞，還沒(méi)落及地面就被大殿四周溫泉的熱氣蒸騰到空中，落雪為霜，故稱 “飛霜殿”?，F(xiàn)在已成為華清池的貴賓接待室。

御湯遺址博物館

接下來(lái)我們?nèi)⒂^華清宮御湯遺址博物館：唐御湯遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)于1982年4月，經(jīng)考古工作者8年的發(fā)掘考證，在4000多平方米的遺址內(nèi)清理出“海棠湯”,“蓮花湯”,“星辰湯”,“尚食湯”、“太子湯”5組湯池遺址和眾多的文物遺跡，引起史學(xué)界的高度重視。1990年9月，建成了我國(guó)目前唯一的湯池遺址博物館，1996年11月華清宮御湯遺址被國(guó)務(wù)院正式公布為全國(guó)第四批重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。

“海棠湯”又名“芙蓉湯”，俗稱“貴妃湯”。始建于公元747年，因湯池平面呈一朵盛開(kāi)的海棠花而得名。唐人的構(gòu)思超俗，設(shè)計(jì)新穎，一方面用海棠花的艷麗襯托貴妃的嬌美；另一方面用海棠花的造型形象比喻楊貴妃豐腆的形體。湯池的池壁由四塊墨玉(即青石，經(jīng)打磨后，通體釉黑，為皇家上等貢品)拼砌而成，湯池東西長(zhǎng)3.6米，南北寬2.9米，東西兩側(cè)分別設(shè)有一組踏步便于上下，充分體現(xiàn)出唐代建筑藝術(shù)中對(duì)稱協(xié)調(diào)的美學(xué)觀念。不僅如此，湯池的供水系統(tǒng)也設(shè)計(jì)得非常科學(xué)合理，池底正中有一直徑為10厘米的進(jìn)水口，進(jìn)水口上裝蓮花噴頭，寓意為海棠花的花蕊，下接陶制水管道，與溫泉總源相通。溫泉因自然壓力從花蕊中自動(dòng)噴灑而出，噴出的形式與噴泉相似，而灑下來(lái)的形質(zhì)，不正是今天生活中的淋浴嗎？

“回眸一笑百媚生，六宮粉熏無(wú)顏色”的楊貴妃在海棠湯中淋浴了近八個(gè)春秋。淋浴時(shí)為增加情趣，池中灑有鮮花的花瓣和具有美容養(yǎng)顏功效的中藥材及價(jià)值昂貴的香料(如紫檀、多摩羅香、沉香、丁香、麝香等)，享受香湯沐浴。“驪山飛泉泛暖香，九龍呵護(hù)玉蓮房”，貴妃在這里蕩滌塵垢，也在這里享受著溫泉賜給她的尊貴、溫暖與舒適。她沐浴時(shí)宛如海棠初睡的嬌媚姿態(tài)不僅深受玄宗皇帝的寵愛(ài)，也成為歷代文人墨客吟詩(shī)作畫的素材，創(chuàng)作出無(wú)數(shù)流傳千古的詩(shī)詞歌賦。白居易的《長(zhǎng)恨歌》中“春寒賜浴華清池，溫泉水滑洗凝脂。侍兒扶起嬌無(wú)力，始是新承恩澤時(shí)?！北闶菍?duì)此情景的絕妙寫照。

蓮花湯是專供唐玄宗李隆基沐浴的，是唐華清宮御湯遺址中最有氣勢(shì)、最具代表性的湯池，也稱“御湯九龍殿”。當(dāng)您第一眼看到它，一定會(huì)為它的氣勢(shì)所震撼。宮殿建筑面積達(dá)400多平方米，有內(nèi)外殿之分。御湯可儲(chǔ)水近l00立方米，儼然是一座龐大的室內(nèi)游泳池，充分顯示出唐代追求恢弘大氣的社會(huì)風(fēng)尚及皇權(quán)神授的至高無(wú)上和唯我獨(dú)尊。

蓮花湯造型奇特，上下兩層臺(tái)階不同的造型是唐代工匠創(chuàng)造性審美取向的結(jié)晶，上平面四角有一定的曲線變化，呈寫實(shí)的蓮花狀;下平面為規(guī)則的八邊形，“八邊”代表著大地的八個(gè)方位，取“普天之下，莫非王土”之意，而蓮花設(shè)計(jì)在大地八極之上，完全合乎于根植于大地土壤之中而花浮于水的特殊生長(zhǎng)規(guī)律;水、土、花三者緊密關(guān)聯(lián)不可分割，這是自然與宗教觀念的整合，是將沐浴看作是與自然的溝通，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)“天人合一”的理念，這也就是唐人心目中沐浴的最高境界。李隆基是狂熱的道教徒，他希望通過(guò)淋浴與天相連，在清泉、蓮花的護(hù)佑下，求得一種解脫，一種升華，從而達(dá)到延年益壽、長(zhǎng)生不老的目的。這座湯池?zé)o疑是唐代禮制宮設(shè)計(jì)師煞費(fèi)苦心的創(chuàng)作，也深刻反映出玄宗皇帝對(duì)人間現(xiàn)實(shí)的肯定和感受、憧憬和執(zhí)著。

星辰湯是唐太宗李世民“湯泉宮”的文化遺存。建于公元644年，專供唐太宗李世民所用，原名“御湯”，占地面積100多平方米，是目前國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的最大的御用湯池。整個(gè)湯池的設(shè)計(jì)是閻立德根據(jù)唐代禮制規(guī)定，再結(jié)合天空星象、二十四節(jié)氣，即天、地、人三位一體的理念設(shè)計(jì)建造的。古代人相信天上有天帝主宰宇宙，地上有皇帝統(tǒng)治人民，星座的位移、明暗、隕落，反映著皇權(quán)的變化。信奉“天人合一”說(shuō)的唐玄宗便將酷像北斗七星的“御湯”，更名為“星辰湯”。很顯然，這些用意就是想企求蒼天北斗保佑李氏王朝，永固帝位。當(dāng)然也有企求皇天賜福，得道成仙，長(zhǎng)生不老的內(nèi)心秘密。星辰湯離溫泉水源最近，水質(zhì)最好，地理位置最優(yōu)越。泉水因自然漫溢涌人湯池形成了現(xiàn)代的自流水及沖浪浴的沐浴方式，更吸引了多位皇帝在此修建湯池。在1982年修復(fù)過(guò)程中，考古工作者又考證在星辰湯的底部疊壓著秦始皇的“驪山湯”和漢武帝的“漢離宮”文化遺存，并在文化層中發(fā)現(xiàn)了中國(guó)歷史上最早的皇室配套浴具——陶甕、陶鑒和我國(guó)考古界目前發(fā)掘的唯一的木門，為研究秦代漢淋浴文化提供了佐證材料。

尚食湯，形制小，工藝簡(jiǎn)單，并無(wú)奇特造型，相對(duì)于前面的御用湯池，顯然沐浴者的地位不及前者。曾有人解釋:尚食湯是專供尚食局官員沐浴的。然而根據(jù)考古學(xué)家多年的考證，只定位尚食官員不太準(zhǔn)確。古文獻(xiàn)記載，“尚”字還包括“賞賜、給予”的含義，而唐代除尚食局外，隨皇帝出行的還有尚藥、尚衣、尚社、尚乘、尚擎五局官員。就湯池的整體結(jié)構(gòu)分析，湯池中間設(shè)有石隔墻，東、南、北三面修砌有入池石臺(tái)階，池中并無(wú)固定的坐向位置，充分說(shuō)明尚食湯面積雖小，但在此沫浴的人較多，使用率較高，身份也較復(fù)雜。所以推斷得出，尚食湯在華清宮可解釋為皇帝賞賜給等級(jí)較高的隨行內(nèi)侍官員的沐浴場(chǎng)所，在此沐浴常沐皇恩，知圣心之苦衷，為唐王朝的江山社稷效忠。由于史記記載較少，有關(guān)此湯池的諸多疑問(wèn)(如：臺(tái)階下的百坑以及石隔墻的用途)，還有待于考古專家進(jìn)一步的探討和論證。太子湯的沐浴者，顧名思義就是東宮的皇太子，建于公元644年，先后共經(jīng)歷80余年。沐浴的皇太子有李承乾、李治、李忠、李弘、李賢、李憲、李旦、李崇君、李隆基、李瑛共10人，其中僅有4位君臨天下，其他的幾位都成了皇權(quán)斗爭(zhēng)的犧牲品。由此可見(jiàn)，唐宮廷內(nèi)部爭(zhēng)奪皇位是何等的激烈和殘酷。

太子湯采用“星辰湯”排水道供水，即擺正了皇帝與皇太子之間的尊卑關(guān)系，解決了禮制犯忌的問(wèn)題，又寓意著來(lái)自“星辰湯”的溫泉能使皇太子常沐父皇恩澤。由于太子湯的四壁及池底遭到較嚴(yán)重的破壞，唐時(shí)的青石板大多已不復(fù)存在，再考慮到整個(gè)博物館的建筑格局，所以太子湯以露天的形式陳設(shè)。

以上介紹的五組湯池，它們大小不一，形制各異，各具風(fēng)格與特色，為研究中國(guó)古代沐浴史、唐宮廷建筑史、封建社會(huì)的等級(jí)制度、中國(guó)古代利用地?zé)豳Y源史均提供了翔實(shí)的史料依據(jù)，也極大地豐富了華清池的歷史文化內(nèi)涵。

溫泉水源

我們眼前這座拱形的建筑便是溫泉池的總源。我國(guó)有溫泉2700多處，是世界上溫泉最多的國(guó)家之一。而華清池的驪山溫泉因開(kāi)發(fā)利用早，并且受歷代帝王青睞而名冠諸泉之首，享有“天下第一御泉”的美稱。

溫泉，大多含有對(duì)人體有益的礦物質(zhì)和微量元素。沐浴溫泉，不僅可以消除疲勞，還具有治療多種疾病的功效。驪山溫泉水溫常年在43C，水質(zhì)純凈，具有醫(yī)療價(jià)值的礦物質(zhì)和微量元素的含量較高。根據(jù)科學(xué)檢測(cè)，驪山溫泉水質(zhì)屬低礦化、弱堿性、中等放射性泉水，故又稱硅水、氟水和放射性氨水。這些均達(dá)到了醫(yī)療用水的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，故有“自然之經(jīng)方，天地之元?dú)狻钡拿婪Q。由于溫泉神奇的功效，贏得帝王們的特別喜好，并形成了一種專供帝王享用的傳統(tǒng)特權(quán)。

驪山溫泉可療疾起源于2000年前的秦代，《三秦》記載：秦始皇幸游驪山時(shí)遇見(jiàn)一位神女，遂有調(diào)戲之舉，神女一氣之下唾于始皇面部，始皇臉部遂即生瘡，病久治不愈。始皇追悔莫及，向神女表示仟悔，神女見(jiàn)其有悔改之意，便說(shuō)：“此有溫湯，何不一洗”，始皇就用驪山溫泉治療了毒瘡。秦始皇湯戲神女的傳說(shuō)雖不足信，但卻印證了溫泉可治愈疾病的歷史。

驪山溫泉除其特有的醫(yī)療作用和得天獨(dú)厚的自然條件外，還可改變植物的生長(zhǎng)習(xí)性。相傳秦始皇在冬季命人在驪山溫谷中種西瓜，引起了儒生們的懷疑而被秦始皇坑殺，釀成了著名的“焚書坑儒”事件。當(dāng)然這只是傳說(shuō)而已，不足為憑。數(shù)百年后的唐代，唐華清宮內(nèi)辟有西瓜園。王建有“酒幔高樓一百家，宮前楊柳寺開(kāi)花，內(nèi)園分得溫泉水，二月中旬已進(jìn)瓜”的佳句，證明了古代勞動(dòng)人民能巧妙地利用溫泉進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)革新。

“西安事變”舊址——環(huán)園

華清池不僅在中國(guó)古代史上享有盛名，中國(guó)近代史上震驚中外的“西安事變”也發(fā)生在這里。我們現(xiàn)在就來(lái)到了“西安事變”舊址——環(huán)園。

環(huán)園是1878年臨潼縣令沈家禎主持營(yíng)建并題名的，總占地面積6000平方米。園內(nèi)風(fēng)貌既具有江南園林優(yōu)雅別致的風(fēng)格，又有北方園林殿宇宏偉的特色。主要建筑有望湖樓、飛霞閣、飛虹橋、荷花閣、五間廳、三間廳等。

1900年八國(guó)聯(lián)軍攻陷北京，慈禧太后西逃曾駐于此。1936年10月、12月蔣介石兩次來(lái)陜督戰(zhàn)，都以環(huán)園為臨時(shí)行轅，堅(jiān)持“攘外必先安內(nèi)”的錯(cuò)誤主張，在此布置“剿共”事宜。1936年12月12日，這里爆發(fā)了震驚中外的“西安事變”。1982年2月，五間廳、三間廳被國(guó)務(wù)院公布為全國(guó)第二批重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。

五間廳是“西安事變”時(shí)蔣介石的下榻之處，由西向東依次為:秘書室、蔣介石臥室、辦公室、會(huì)議室、侍從室。

“西安事變”爆發(fā)于1936年12月12日，所以歷史上也稱“雙十二事變”。它是由國(guó)民黨內(nèi)部主張抗日的愛(ài)國(guó)將領(lǐng)張學(xué)良和楊虎城發(fā)動(dòng)的。1931年，日本帝國(guó)主義用刺刀和大炮制造了駭人聽(tīng)聞的“九一八”事變，中國(guó)面臨民族滅亡的緊急關(guān)頭。野蠻的侵略，激起了全國(guó)人民的憤怒，抗日的呼聲響徹大江南北、黃河兩岸。在民族存亡日益加重的緊要關(guān)頭，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨于1935年12月在陜北召開(kāi)了“瓦窯堡會(huì)議”，毛澤東根據(jù)我國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的形勢(shì)，提出了建立民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的策略，全國(guó)各階層愛(ài)國(guó)人士積極響應(yīng)，投身于抗日救國(guó)的洪流之中，而蔣介石卻置民族安危于不顧，頑固推行“攘外必先安內(nèi)”的錯(cuò)誤政策，他移師西北，把大本營(yíng)置于西安。

1936年12月4日，蔣介石乘專列第二次來(lái)西安，以華清池為臨時(shí)行轅，下榻于五間廳，準(zhǔn)備在此布置實(shí)施“剿共”事宜。他一到行轅，便迫不及待地召見(jiàn)了東北軍和十七路軍師以上的軍官，要他們服從命令，進(jìn)攻陜北紅軍。蔣介石于12月6日召見(jiàn)了張學(xué)良、楊虎城，并向他們攤牌，提出兩種方案供其選擇：要么全面進(jìn)攻陜北紅軍，要么讓出陜西，由中央軍進(jìn)剿。12月7日，張學(xué)良赴臨潼晉見(jiàn)蔣介石并和其“諍諫”，他至誠(chéng)大義地規(guī)勸蔣介石放棄“剿共”內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，卻遭到蔣介石的嚴(yán)詞訓(xùn)斥。12月8日，張、楊兩位將軍大義凜然地苦諫，聲淚俱下地哭諫，都無(wú)濟(jì)于事。從國(guó)家和民族利益出發(fā)，兩位將軍在西安止園商定，以武裝形勢(shì)逼蔣介石停止內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、一致抗日。12月9日凌晨，古城學(xué)生舉行紀(jì)念“一二.九”運(yùn)動(dòng)一周年請(qǐng)?jiān)赣涡?，?zhǔn)備步行來(lái)臨潼向蔣介石請(qǐng)?jiān)?。蔣介石聽(tīng)到消息后大發(fā)雷霆，命令張學(xué)良前去制止學(xué)生鬧事，并聲稱：“如不聽(tīng)者，格殺勿論?！庇涡嘘?duì)伍行至灞橋時(shí)，被張學(xué)良驅(qū)車阻止，學(xué)生們聲淚俱下地講述了各種理由，說(shuō)明一定要到行轅請(qǐng)?jiān)?。面?duì)熱血沸騰的愛(ài)國(guó)學(xué)生，張學(xué)良懇切地說(shuō)：“同胞們!同學(xué)們!我張學(xué)良是國(guó)家的軍人，我絕不辜負(fù)你們救國(guó)的心愿，絕不欺騙大家，一星期之內(nèi)，我用事實(shí)答復(fù)你們?！睂W(xué)生們報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲，在張學(xué)良將軍的勸阻下，學(xué)生們陸續(xù)返回西安。而此時(shí)的蔣介石正在行轅內(nèi)的宴會(huì)廳宴請(qǐng)東北軍和十七路軍的部分高級(jí)將領(lǐng)，加緊分化收買工作。張學(xué)良深夜赴臨潼華清池見(jiàn)蔣，向蔣轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)了學(xué)生們的請(qǐng)求，而蔣介石卻置之不理。張學(xué)良無(wú)奈地離開(kāi)五間廳后，蔣介石取出紙章，給陜西省政府主席邵力子寫了一紙手諭，欲解除張學(xué)良和楊虎城的兵權(quán)。

12月10日，張學(xué)良、楊虎城決心對(duì)蔣介石實(shí)行兵諫。12月12日凌晨3時(shí)左右，東北軍外線部隊(duì)的兩個(gè)團(tuán)迅速進(jìn)入驪山附近，包圍了華清池，解除了駐華清池附近的憲兵武裝，在驪山腳下打響了“西安事變”的第一槍。蔣介石聽(tīng)到槍聲，因不知敵情，未及穿衣，便和侍衛(wèi)官及隨從倉(cāng)皇而逃，在翻越后門時(shí)，不小心摔傷了脊梁，還丟了一只鞋子，由隨從扶掖向山上逃去。

黨衛(wèi)隊(duì)沖入第二道門，沖人五間廳，闖進(jìn)蔣介石臥室時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)空無(wú)一人，而蔣介石的衣帽、斗篷、假牙尚在，伸手摸摸被窩仍有余溫，推測(cè)蔣介石并未逃遠(yuǎn)，于是開(kāi)始大規(guī)模搜山，發(fā)現(xiàn)驪山半山腰虎斑石處的夾縫中躲藏有人，立即間：“什么人，還不出來(lái)，要開(kāi)槍了?！笔Y介石終于從夾縫中走出，卻意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)，搜山的并不是紅軍而是東北軍，連聲問(wèn)：“張副司令在哪里，在哪里?！贝藭r(shí)的蔣介石身穿古銅色睡袍，渾身是土，凍得瑟瑟發(fā)抖，在士兵的扶掖下，被護(hù)送至西安。

在臨潼發(fā)生激烈槍戰(zhàn)的同時(shí)，楊虎城將軍的官兵也迅速行動(dòng)，解除了中央憲兵團(tuán)的武裝，扣押了隨蔣來(lái)陜北的要員陳誠(chéng)、衛(wèi)立煌等，占領(lǐng)了飛機(jī)場(chǎng)、火車站，很快控制了西安的局勢(shì)。1陜西導(dǎo)游資格證考試2陜西省導(dǎo)游資格考試3陜西導(dǎo)游資格考試4陜西省導(dǎo)游資格證5陜西導(dǎo)游網(wǎng)6陜西導(dǎo)游詞7陜西導(dǎo)游8陜西導(dǎo)游考試9陜西導(dǎo)游考試試題10陜西英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞11陜西八大景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞12陜西導(dǎo)游試題13陜西省導(dǎo)游考試14陜西英文導(dǎo)游詞15陜西導(dǎo)游論壇16陜西華清池導(dǎo)游詞17陜西導(dǎo)游證182007陜西導(dǎo)游考試19陜西導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)學(xué)校20陜西導(dǎo)游考試網(wǎng)21陜西英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游考試題22陜西省導(dǎo)游232007年陜西導(dǎo)游考試24陜西導(dǎo)游證考試25陜西導(dǎo)游考試真題26陜西省導(dǎo)游網(wǎng)27陜西導(dǎo)游證考試題28陜西導(dǎo)游學(xué)校29陜西導(dǎo)游社區(qū)30陜西導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)31陜西導(dǎo)游考試時(shí)間3207陜西導(dǎo)游考試3307年陜西導(dǎo)游考試34陜西導(dǎo)游講解視頻35陜西導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)學(xué)院36陜西英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游37陜西兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞38陜西導(dǎo)游考試導(dǎo)游詞39陜西導(dǎo)游大賽視頻40陜西省導(dǎo)游證考試41陜西紅色旅游導(dǎo)游詞42陜西延安導(dǎo)游詞43陜西導(dǎo)游考試口試44陜西導(dǎo)游考試模擬題45陜西省導(dǎo)游考試時(shí)間46陜西乾陵導(dǎo)游詞47陜西大雁塔導(dǎo)游詞48陜西導(dǎo)游歡迎詞49陜西導(dǎo)游講解詞50陜西省英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞

“西安事變”爆發(fā)后，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨派出了以周恩來(lái)、秦邦憲、葉劍英為首的代表團(tuán)抵達(dá)西安，為“西安事變”的和平解決作出了多方面努力，終于迫使蔣介石答應(yīng)“停止內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，一致抗日”的要求，遂于12月25日釋放蔣介石回南京?！拔靼彩伦儭钡暮推浇鉀Q，結(jié)束了長(zhǎng)達(dá)10年之久的國(guó)共內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，促進(jìn)了抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的形成，使抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)得到了廣泛發(fā)動(dòng)。華清池五間廳的墻壁上、玻璃窗上的累累彈痕將永遠(yuǎn)銘記著中國(guó)現(xiàn)代革命史上的重大事件——“西安事變”。華清池也因承載著這一段歷史而名載史冊(cè)。

昔日的皇宮禁苑，天子御湯，今日已成為融風(fēng)景園林、文物遺址、溫泉沫浴于一體的綜合性的旅游勝地。1982年華清池被列入全國(guó)第一批全國(guó)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，1998年被建設(shè)部授予“中國(guó)名園”，2000年被評(píng)為全國(guó)首批“AAAA”級(jí)旅游景區(qū)。正如郭沫若吟詩(shī)所詠：“華清池水色清蒼，此日規(guī)模越盛唐。不僅宮池依舊制，而今民庶盡天王?！?/p>