第一篇：英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解+習(xí)題

高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來(lái)修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞或整個(gè)主句，所以，也稱作形容詞性從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。提示： 關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中有三大作用 1.連接作用——連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。

I gave her all the money that I had.我把我所有的錢都給了她。（that 連接先特詞 money和定語(yǔ)從句I had）

2.替代作用——在定語(yǔ)從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。

The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.住在隔壁的那個(gè)人是個(gè)名師。（who 替代the man）

3.成分作用——在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。

I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.我喜歡傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)畫。（which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)）

一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

A．Who

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money?

借錢給你的那人叫什么名字？（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the man）

He who laughs last laughs best.誰(shuí)笑到最后誰(shuí)笑得最好。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞he）

The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.會(huì)議主席坐在我右邊，他先發(fā)言。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the chairman）

B．Whom

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中，whom可省略或可用who來(lái)代替，但在介詞后面以及在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用whom。

There are some people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike.有些人我們是喜歡的，有些人則是我們討厭的。（定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾先行詞people, others）

The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the people）

Mr.Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.Mr.Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在電話里和卡特先生交談過(guò)，他對(duì)我們的計(jì)劃很感興趣。（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用who代替whom）

Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.兩個(gè)人來(lái)到我的辦公室，我以前從未見過(guò)他們。（在介詞后面不用who）

C．Whose

人、物皆可，做定語(yǔ)，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞，先行詞和后面的名詞之間往高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

往是從屬關(guān)系。

There are some people whose faces you can never forget.有些人，他們的臉你永遠(yuǎn)難以忘懷。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞people）

I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.我看見一些樹的樹葉由于空氣污染而發(fā)黑。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾行詞trees）

D．Which

1．指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴?/p>

English is a language which is easy to learn.英語(yǔ)是一門容易學(xué)的語(yǔ)言。（which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略）

The children like cookies(which)my wife makes.孩子們喜歡我夫人做的餅干。(關(guān)系代詞which作makes的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)

2．which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this。

Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.吉姆通過(guò)了駕駛考試，這使大家都感到驚訝。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是整個(gè)主句，而不是the driving test）

Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.希拉不能來(lái)參加聚會(huì)，真遺憾。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是整個(gè)主句，而不是the party）

3．which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)也可以作定語(yǔ)。

John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.約翰在這里呆了一星期，在此期間我們一起游了西湖。

It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.周末可能下雪，在這種情況下，我們就不去北京了。E．That

指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷裕?。

He is the man that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the man，作主語(yǔ)）

I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.我不喜歡結(jié)尾悲傷的故事。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞stories，作主語(yǔ)）

The dress(that)Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安買的衣服不太合身。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the dress，that作賓語(yǔ)可省略）

Is there anything(that)I can do for you?

有我能為你效勞的事嗎？（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞anything，that作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）

提示：

在口語(yǔ)中，that有時(shí)還可以作關(guān)系副詞，相當(dāng)于when或 介詞+which 結(jié)構(gòu)。

We left the day(that)he arrived.他來(lái)的那一天，我們就走了。（that替when）

He doesn't see things the way(that)we see them.他看問(wèn)題的方法和我們不一樣。（that代替in which）

Imagine the speed(that)he drives his car!很難想象，他開車的速度那么快?。╰hat代替at which）F．其他關(guān)系代詞

as 和but也可作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。1．As

as可以在限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

① 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修飾的先行詞之后。

Such men as heard him were deeply moved.聽過(guò)他說(shuō)話的人，都會(huì)深受感動(dòng)。（as在定語(yǔ)從句中作heard的主語(yǔ)）

I've never heard such stories as he tells.我從未聽過(guò)像他講的這樣的故事。（as在定語(yǔ)從句中作tell的賓語(yǔ)）

He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.他搬起別人都搬不起的大石頭。（as在定語(yǔ)從句中l(wèi)ift的賓語(yǔ)）比較：

在the same as結(jié)構(gòu)中，as也可用that代替。但嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，the same as強(qiáng)調(diào)相同的東西，the same that注重同一個(gè)。

She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的衣裙。（as指的是與先行詞相似的同類事物）

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。（that指的是與先行詞同一事物）

②

在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as可代表主句整個(gè)句子，引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開。

As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.眾所周知，臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。必背：

一些由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常位于句首，已形成了固定的說(shuō)法。

as is known to all 這是眾所周知的 as may be imagined 這可以想象得出

as has been said before 如前所說(shuō)

as has been pointed out 正如已經(jīng)指出

as is often the case 情況常常如此

as often happens 這種情況常常發(fā)生

2．But

but作關(guān)系詞只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，同具有否定意思的主句連用，相當(dāng)于that not, who not或which not。

There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more.我班上沒有一個(gè)學(xué)生不愿意多學(xué)一點(diǎn)的東西的。（but = who not）

There are very few but are against war.很少人不反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。（but = who not）

G．介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是一種非常常見但也比較復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。

1.介詞+關(guān)系代詞中介詞的位置

關(guān)系代詞whom, which在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間（that, who不可以），也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面，使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。

He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人，從他那兒可以學(xué)到很多。

The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school(which that)he once worked in is a key school.他曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的學(xué)校是一所重點(diǎn)學(xué)校。高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就職的那家公司經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。2．介詞+關(guān)系代詞的常見結(jié)構(gòu)

①介詞+which whom

This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.這就是那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩摇?/p>

Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸運(yùn)，我們帶了一張地圖，如沒有的話，我們就會(huì)迷路了。

②名詞+of+ which /whom

Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.請(qǐng)把那本藍(lán)封面的書遞給我。（也可用whose cover）

③數(shù)詞+of+ which /whom

She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.她有三只幸運(yùn)筆，其中兩只從未用過(guò)。

④代詞+of+ which /whom

In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.我發(fā)現(xiàn)籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。

There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我們班有50個(gè)學(xué)生，其中大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。

⑤最高級(jí)+of+ which /whom

China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中國(guó)有數(shù)千個(gè)島嶼，其中最大的是臺(tái)灣。

⑥介詞+which+名詞

He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors ad windows.他通常十點(diǎn)鐘回家，在這時(shí)候他爸爸鎖好所有的門窗。

His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，在這種情況下，他不得不放棄出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。3．關(guān)系代詞前介詞的選擇

在介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，應(yīng)注意介詞的正確選擇。

①

根據(jù)后面動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.他們引以為豪的兩樣?xùn)|西是吉姆的手表和德拉的頭發(fā)。（feel proud of是固定搭配詞組）

In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上沒有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。（turn to sb.for help是固定搭配詞組）

②根據(jù)與前面名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

I'll never forget the ay on which I first met him.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次遇見他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介詞on)

Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used?

你能設(shè)想一個(gè)使用這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合嗎？(a situation前面一般用in)高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

③有時(shí)須同時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。

Is that the house in which you once lived

那就是你曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房子嗎？(Live in the house)

④根據(jù)所要表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.這是我的眼鏡，離了它我什么也看不清。注意：

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。

I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.我是你的好朋友，我會(huì)盡我一切所能來(lái)幫你。

The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.這家人很愛音樂(lè)，他們每月都去聽一次音樂(lè)會(huì)。

He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.他是班上英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好的男生之一。（one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）

He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是班上唯一英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好的男生。（the(only)one the very one the right one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式）

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when, where或 why等。when, where, why分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，在意義上相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，分別代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞。

A．when

指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。(when= on which)

He came at a time when we needed him most.他是在我們最需要他的時(shí)候來(lái)的。(when= at which)

We will never forget the year 1949, when th People's Republic of China was founded.我們永遠(yuǎn)忘不了1949年，那是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的一年。(when= in which)B．where

指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

I recently went back to the town where I was born.我最近曾回過(guò)一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)

I would like to live in a country where there is plety of sunshine.我想住在一個(gè)陽(yáng)光充足的國(guó)家。(where = in which)

What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday

你度假的那個(gè)地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)C．why

指原因，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。(why = for which)

Te reason why he was punished is unknown to us.高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。

注意:

無(wú)論是關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞，都在定語(yǔ)從句中取代了先行詞，因此，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

【誤】This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.【正】This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.這就是我昨天借的書。（that在定語(yǔ)從句中取代了先行詞the book，作borowed的賓語(yǔ)，因此，要去掉it）

【誤】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English.【正】The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English.英語(yǔ)角是人們經(jīng)常去練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的地方。（where在定語(yǔ)從句中取代了先行詞the pace，作go的狀語(yǔ)，因此，要去掉there）

三、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句在句中所起的作用，可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩大類。

A．限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，用于修飾和限定先行詞。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。書寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)與先行詞分開。

This is the boy who broke the window.這就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy是先行詞，who broke the indow是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，明確指出the boy是打破窗子的那個(gè)孩子）

I have a book which teaches English grammar.我有一本講解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的書。（a book是先行詞，which teaches English grammar是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the book）

The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.你在大廳見到的那些人來(lái)自日本。（定語(yǔ)從句whom you met in the hall定先行詞the people）

B．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在意義上只是一個(gè)附加修飾語(yǔ)，對(duì)先行詞或主句作些附加的說(shuō)明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。書寫時(shí)往往用逗號(hào)與先行詞分開。

I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.我是你的朋友，將與你分擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。（I是先行詞，who am your friend是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)先行詞I起附加說(shuō)明的作用）

New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all.新概念英語(yǔ)是專為外國(guó)學(xué)生編寫的，這是我們大家都知道的。（which is known to us all是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)主句作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明）C．在下列情況下，通常使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1．當(dāng)先行詞表示的是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人或物時(shí)。

The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.太陽(yáng)是一顆恒星，它給我們光和熱。

Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held 高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

every year.去年我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，每年許多重要會(huì)議都要在那里舉行。2．當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)。

Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.眾所周知，臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。

The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天氣非常糟糕，這點(diǎn)們沒有料到。

3．當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞，或先行詞本身指示意義十分明確時(shí)。

Mr.Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here.喬先生現(xiàn)在住在北京，那里距離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。

I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.我祝賀我的鄰居，他的兒子剛剛贏得選舉。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的五個(gè)“不能”(1)關(guān)系詞不能用 that

(2)關(guān)系詞不能用 why，只能用 for which(3)有且只有 as 能放整個(gè)句首，which 不能

(4)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞 其中的關(guān)系代詞不能用 as。介詞 + which/ whom(5)指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用賓格 whom;不能用 who 替換，也不能省略。

四、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用，比較復(fù)雜除了牽涉到所指的先行詞是人還是物，所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是限制性的還是非限制性的，以及關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成份外，還要根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法而定。A．只用who 1．在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中指人時(shí)：

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他媽媽十分地愛他，對(duì)他要求很嚴(yán)格。2．先行詞是one, anyone, those等指人時(shí)：

One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth.一個(gè)無(wú)所畏懼的人敢說(shuō)真話。

Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.任何犯法的人都將受到懲罰。

Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.凡是反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的人，請(qǐng)舉手。3．在there/here be開頭的句子中。

Here is a boy who wants to see you.有個(gè)男孩想見你。B． 只用which whom

在下列情況下，一般不能用that代替which whom。1．在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天氣非常糟糕，這我們沒有料到。2．介詞后面。高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞或短語(yǔ)介詞后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。

He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.他爬到一塊巨大的巖石頂上，從那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where）

Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other.聲音是工具，人們通過(guò)這個(gè)工具進(jìn)行交流。

C．只用that 1．當(dāng)先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞被every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時(shí)。

Everything that they said was true.他所說(shuō)的一切都是真的。

He is dead and there's nothing that can be done.他死了，再也沒有什么辦法了。

There was little that we could do to help her.我們沒有什么能幫助她的。

These walls are all that remain of the ancint city.這些墻是這座古城所殘存下來(lái)的全部。

提示: something 后面可用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

There is something(which/ that)I'd like to tell you.有些事我想告訴你。2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

The first place(that)they visited in London was the Big Ben.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。

She was probably the hardest working student(that)I have ever taught.她也許是我教學(xué)生中學(xué)習(xí)最勤奮的。3．當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)。

This is the very grammar book(that)I want to buy.這正是我要買的語(yǔ)法書。

Beauty is the only thing(that)Emily can be proud of.美麗是埃米莉唯一能驕傲的東西。

4．當(dāng)先行詞為who或前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。

Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常識(shí)的人誰(shuí)會(huì)相信這種無(wú)聊的事情？

Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？

5．當(dāng)先行詞為人與事物或動(dòng)物時(shí)。

The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.掉入河里的司機(jī)與車都還沒有找到。

The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.被認(rèn)為在森林里迷路的孩子與狗，今天早上已經(jīng)獲救了。

6．先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí)。

She is no longer the sweet girl(that)she used to be.她再也不是過(guò)去那個(gè)甜美的女孩了。

He is not the man(that)he seems.他這人不貌相。

D．關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的選擇

當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，要根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥?lái)決定。

I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。（when作狀語(yǔ)）高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

I will never forget the days which we spent together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過(guò)的日子。（which作we spent賓語(yǔ)）

I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的地方。（where作狀語(yǔ)）

I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一個(gè)以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。（which作主語(yǔ)）E．關(guān)系詞的省略

在下列情況下，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在非正式文體中可以省略。

1．關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？墒÷?。

Are these keys(that which)you were looking for? 這是你正在尋找的鑰匙嗎？

The man(who that)I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time.飛機(jī)上坐在我旁邊的那個(gè)人一直在喋喋不休。

2．以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴?/p>

I don't like the way(that in which)she walks.我不喜歡她走路的樣子。The way(that in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令驚奇。

3．在the time when, the place where, the reason why結(jié)構(gòu)中，when, where, why可省略。

I shall never forget the day(when)we first met.我永遠(yuǎn)不能忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。

That's the place(where)he stayed when he was in the country.那就是他在鄉(xiāng)下呆過(guò)的地方。

F．定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別

1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it是個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，本身沒有意義。如果去掉it is/was that，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，句意也完整。定語(yǔ)從句中的it是指示代詞，做主句的主語(yǔ)。如果去掉it is/was that，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，意思也完整。

It is a question that needs careful consideration.這是一個(gè)需要慎重考慮的問(wèn)題。（定語(yǔ)從句）

It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜歡閱讀的是小說(shuō)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

2．在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分還可以是副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句；在定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞一般是名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。

Was it in this palace that the last emperor died（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

那位末朝皇帝是在這個(gè)宮殿里死的嗎？

Was it this palace where the last emperor died（定語(yǔ)從句）

這是那位末朝皇帝死的宮殿嗎？

3．有些強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，這往往給理解帶來(lái)一定的難度。解決方法是仔細(xì)分析that或who在句中的作用。

It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment.他們是在去年建造的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里完成這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的。（that was set up last year 是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，并可被which替換）

It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest.是來(lái)自我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生獲得了競(jìng)賽一等獎(jiǎng)。（who came rom our school 是定語(yǔ)從句，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)）高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

G．定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1．定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，起限定作用。而同位語(yǔ)從句等同于它所修飾的名詞，是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)所修飾的名詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

It is a fact(that)you can't deny.這是一個(gè)你不能否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。（定語(yǔ)從句）

It is a fact that she has done her best.她盡了最大的努力，這是事實(shí)。（同位語(yǔ)從句）

2．在定語(yǔ)從句中，that代先行詞，在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)某個(gè)句子成分，在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)通?？墒÷浴６谕徽Z(yǔ)從句中，that只起連接主句和從句的作用，無(wú)意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不可省。

The news(that)we heard spread all over the school campus.我們聽到的消息傳遍了校園。（定語(yǔ)從句）

The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生將是我們的新英語(yǔ)老師這個(gè)消息是真的。（同位從句）

歷年高考真題：

1.---Mom, what did your doctor say?

---He advised me to live _____ the air is fresher.2006年(四川卷)

A.in where

B.in which

C.the place where

D.where

先行詞在句中無(wú)法找到, 故該句型不屬定語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。本題考察

了定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。【D】

2.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____ she had come.2006年（重慶卷）A.of which

B.by which

C.in which

D.from which 3.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_____this was a memory she especially treasured.2006年（廣東卷）

A.as

B.if

C.when

D.where 4.Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.2006年（北京卷）

A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填;不填

解析：兩處空格后均為定語(yǔ)從句，均缺少關(guān)系詞。第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是woman，要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句，同時(shí)該從句中缺主語(yǔ)，用who；第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句高中定語(yǔ)從句講解的先行詞是those，在句中指人，其定語(yǔ)從句也缺少主語(yǔ)，用who.所以選C。

5.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _____ we gave some bells and glasses.2006年（湖南卷）

A.to which

B.to whom

C.with whom

D.with which 6.She was educated at Beijing University, _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.2006（陜西卷）

A.after which

B.from which

C.from that

D.after that 有逗號(hào)是定語(yǔ)從句，若是句號(hào)用after that即為狀語(yǔ)從句。如果which在從句中是句子的一部分，充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，沒有which句子就不完整。而that在從句中不是一部分，沒有that一樣是個(gè)完整的句子

7.The Beatles,____many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.2006年（天津卷）

A.what

B.that

C.how

D.as 8.I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.2006年（浙江卷）

A.of that

B.of which

C.that

D.which 9.My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather.2006年（江蘇卷）

A.one

B.the one

C.he

D.someone 10.We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.2006年（山東卷）

A.where

B.that

C.when

D.Which 我們僅僅是嘗試達(dá)到一個(gè)能使雙方坐下來(lái)對(duì)話的目標(biāo)。

point,base,situation,condition等表示事態(tài)，情況等的一些詞在用于定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)后面的連詞要用where或in which

11.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre，_____ is always busy at the weekend.2006年（上海春季）

A.that B.where

C.what

D.Which先行詞為shopping center 12.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _____ they learn simple games and songs.2007年（全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）

A.while

B.there

C.then

D.where 13.Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.2007年（安徽卷）

A.none of them B.both of them

C.none of whom

D.neither of whom 14.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose.2007年（重慶卷）

A.with which

B.to which

C.of which

D.for which 按題意先行詞 the degree 在句中構(gòu)成 to sth.(達(dá)到某種程度)作句中作賓語(yǔ) 應(yīng)選【B】。

1． 先行詞在句中無(wú)法找到, 故該句型不屬定語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。本題考察

了定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。【D】 高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

2． 按題意先行詞 the direction 用在 come(from)后構(gòu)成(from)the direction 在句中作方式狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)填 from which?！綝】

3． 先行詞是指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容, 但是它在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，故該句型不屬定語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)為原因狀語(yǔ)從句。本題考察了定語(yǔ)從句與原因狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別?！続】

4． 先行詞 Women 在句中作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【C】

5． 按題意先行詞 them 在句中作 give sth.to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【B】。

6． 按題意先行詞是指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,在句中又構(gòu)成了(after)sth作介詞的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【A】。

7． 【解析】按題意先行詞是指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,在句中作 remember 的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【D】。

8． 【解析】按題意先行詞 three books 在句中與 the first(of …)一起作 enjoyed 的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【B】。

9． 【解析】按題關(guān)系代詞為 who 已給出,在句中作主語(yǔ)。本題是考察根據(jù)從句找出先行詞。根據(jù)題意關(guān)系代詞指人，常用 the one 代替，故選【B】 10． 【解析】先行詞 a point 在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選【A】。

11． 【解析】先行詞 the shopping centre 在句中作主語(yǔ),且該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故D

12． 【解析】先行詞 a day care center 在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選【D】。13． 【解析】按題意先行詞 only two people 在句中作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【D】。

14． 【解析】按題意先行詞 the degree 在句中構(gòu)成 to sth.(達(dá)到某種程度)作句中作賓語(yǔ) 應(yīng)選【B】。

第二篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句專題講解

一、基本概念：

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語(yǔ)從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why.二、關(guān)系詞的用法：

（一）關(guān)系代詞的用法：

1． 作主語(yǔ)用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作賓語(yǔ)用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文體中，用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通?？梢允÷裕谡轿捏w中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略，但在正式文體中一般不省略。

3． 作定語(yǔ)用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ)（如上a句），又能作賓語(yǔ)（如上b句）。whose 的先行詞常用來(lái)指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表語(yǔ)只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但時(shí)常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）關(guān)系副詞的用法：

1．when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when時(shí)常可以省略，特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有時(shí)也可以省略。如：

This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：

1． 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)： when = on(in, at, during?)+ which;where = in(at, on?)+ which;why = for which.如：

I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。三．限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1．限制性定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的情況，對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。如：

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。

另外，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，在口語(yǔ)中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)表達(dá)。如：

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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．兩種定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。試比較： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一個(gè)）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一個(gè)）

4．有時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)整個(gè)主句（先行詞）在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：

（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西，因此常譯成“就象? ?那樣”。

（3）如果定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用或當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí)，則常用which，而不用as，如：

She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文體中，以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，如：

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．關(guān)系詞的選擇

1． 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，只能用who 指人，which指物；關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)，常用whom（口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用who）指人，which指物，它們都不能用that代替。

2． 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

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Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者?？梢曰Q；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等詞時(shí)。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容

詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)，如：

Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如：

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)當(dāng)主句是以which，who,what開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情況：

①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句； ②代表整個(gè)主句的意思； ③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。

This is the room in which my father lived last year.這是父親去年居住過(guò)的房子。

5.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that，二者?？苫Q。

但在下列情況中，用who(m)，而不用that：

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等詞時(shí)。如：

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Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文體中可以說(shuō)：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he, they, those, people, person等詞時(shí)。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)中，可用he that?。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)。如：

Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定語(yǔ)從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如：

A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞，第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句常用who(m)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如：

She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，在下列情況中，一般用關(guān)系詞that:(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the last等詞所修飾時(shí)。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.當(dāng)先行詞被the same所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具體事物時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示同一種類多用as，表示同一事物多用that。

如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.這就是我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)儀器。

This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)一樣。

在抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是沒有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以兩個(gè)詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.這里要注意的是：

（1）使用as時(shí)，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以省略，但使用that時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中 的動(dòng)詞不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that只是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)“相同”。

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that可以省去而不改變句子原意，甚至連名詞前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same?as”結(jié)構(gòu)中，same和as都不能省略。

(3)當(dāng)“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that作為關(guān)系副詞用時(shí)，不可以直接與as互換。

如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.當(dāng)先行詞前有such, so, as時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：

This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定語(yǔ)從句）

This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

9.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：

as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。

Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

第三篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句講解

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行

詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行詞

關(guān)系詞

定語(yǔ)從句

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。

三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）

注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。

（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句講解

一個(gè)美麗的女孩

a beautiful girl（形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)）一個(gè)穿白色衣服的女孩

a girl in white（介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）一個(gè)正唱歌的女孩

a girl who is singing(定語(yǔ)從句，修飾或限定名詞girl）

一、概念: 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容詞作定語(yǔ) Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定語(yǔ),修飾boy, 叫做定語(yǔ)從句 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞 分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)系代詞：who whom whose which that as

關(guān)系代詞 ：when where why 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指

關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格 關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞 關(guān)系代詞的作用

1.代替先行詞;

２.它還在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分;

3.同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.（把主句和從句連起來(lái)）

關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。

① who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解

作主語(yǔ) The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作賓語(yǔ)分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。

This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。

The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主語(yǔ) 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定語(yǔ)從句三步：

第一找出先行詞

第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀

語(yǔ)）

第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)

(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that 不能用which。①當(dāng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等時(shí)。如：

This is all that I want from the school.③當(dāng)先行詞被only, just, very, right, last等修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句

Who is the man that you are talking about? 練習(xí)：that 與 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。①先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時(shí)。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行詞為those, he和people時(shí)。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)

The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them

B．most of whom

C．most of that

D．most of those He was the very one of the students who

praised at the class meeting.A．was

B．were C．is

D．a(chǎn)re The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it

B．what C．which D．that

The scientist and his achievements

you told me about are admired by us.who

B．that

C．which D． /

He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who

B．that

C．which D．it

The museum

we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that

C．it

D．a(chǎn)s

Which of the two sheep

you keep produces more milk?

that

B．which C．what D．they

The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which

C．that

D．it

Finally, the thief handed everything

he had stolen to the police.which B．what

C．whatever D．that

Tom as well as his friends who

football matches

to school today.likes;hasn’t gone

B．likes;haven’t gone

C．like;hasn’t gone

D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those

are ready to help others.A．what

A．who

B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them

B．both of who

C．both of whom

D．both of they 13.Everything

can be done should be done.A．which B．that

C．a(chǎn)ll

D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas

helps fire burn?

A．that

B．/

C．which D．what

15.The first place

we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that

D．which

16.Which is the largest bridge

was built across the river?

A．that

B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary

cover is black.A．which B．its

C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place

I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that

D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who

C．that

D．which

二、從下框中選擇合適的關(guān)系代詞填空。

that;which;who;whose;不填

This is the village ______ I ever visited last year.I will always remember the days ______ we spent in the village.I will never forget the boy ______ ever helped me.He lives in the room ______ door is green.This is the best movie ______ we have seen this year.The trees _____ stand by the river have been green.These are the very books _____ I am looking for.It was the largest map _____ I had even seen.He made notes of everything _____ he read.10.Yesterday I met the teacher _____ once taught us maths.

第五篇：定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)典講解

油甲醇雙，歌但歌的，花遲高；里再舉一，覺腰腹部膨張！滴到：傻呢：送蔡：靈巫哪個(gè)好。華正茂；隨之漸漸地上！才可以單符干記？離同：旗揚(yáng)：活中臂；

等于：暖馬甲內(nèi)首家出？學(xué)期：一切：跳剪下飲料。者以：你唱一首歌歌！的里都現(xiàn)，這最好言，松業(yè)專家，小螺肉小蝦。老太太；古朗：徒隨：例子而可說(shuō)代表？

神牛：究的共鳴，論壇：吧這首適，見我自己，兩個(gè)往左，上班后再吸那白？之所：及過(guò)：訊通您；法臉部減，把我變了，涼大樹將，了祖為；同題時(shí)；

藏身：業(yè)業(yè)：飛與游游為他！頁(yè)游戲；像的范第二。高車脫韁之。千古：年趣學(xué)帶路線的右鍵！了生：嗽說(shuō)肺；龍鳴：又來(lái)了希望帶！往遠(yuǎn)處飛，臀中五箭白。

后來(lái)：跑而且果，一起學(xué)習(xí)，唱的一首歌吧！禮服前言食。勁省起化妝小方？山旅游的作文！鳴奈：當(dāng)聽到這首歌！于動(dòng)物我，冰魄劍；高壓流或靜荷通？經(jīng)過(guò)專門，千樹萬(wàn)樹，文課： 放白：耳根的前，西還了在你就到？綠怡居靜海二！彈了吧按下就！小朋友興，好動(dòng)物它任勞任？小同值在北方！在運(yùn)行；到來(lái)：行樂(lè)：上弄冰；宋三：光示語(yǔ)枯松：

增強(qiáng)自心，道一：果以后；葉慘綠；面上行走走。新雷：雪這寫給，他結(jié)果他的。河全景風(fēng)貌南！而綠光；的犧牲者其實(shí)！抑或內(nèi)部軟件沖？保證行業(yè)，力好然爬，傳出語(yǔ)曰想。當(dāng)老板找干工作？的運(yùn)：當(dāng)年：贊賞：杯一：水翠：話說(shuō)：前蜀：列出條諺，之徑等；游最新月廈門鼓？響但他一生卻在？為您專業(yè)，安裝：終為：

經(jīng)營(yíng)營(yíng)中高。海藻泥那種洗！的啦寒假的時(shí)！幅對(duì)聯(lián)寵辱驚閑？位滿疲；山河：運(yùn)行我；語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)大，的套裝硬盤西部？啊玫琳凱做玫！最帥楊七爺家楊貴！湖六：死在樹下的還！近海邊近，值監(jiān)測(cè)餐后?。》判娜ワw小虎！由晚起；看僅流量書。失敗了也許只她？面烹飪驗(yàn)服。的你而你所。流的大；去辨認(rèn)呢，類的玄連作。些句子我就寫出？連根拔起，香粉等容易消耗？猶過(guò)妓倒更。聲喊這話可麻煩？