第一篇：2011年職稱英語重點(diǎn)語法講解--定語從句

2011年職稱英語重點(diǎn)語法講解：定語從句

專家整理了歷年考試中重點(diǎn)涉及的幾種從句的用法，今天先向大家介紹定語從句的特點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)等，以幫忙職稱英語考生來重新熟悉并達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用。

2011年職稱英語考試報(bào)名在即，考生們也要開始準(zhǔn)備復(fù)習(xí)。在職稱英語復(fù)習(xí)中，各種從句的用法一直是歷年考試必考的知識點(diǎn)，也是最讓職稱考生頭痛、很容易丟分的環(huán)節(jié)，因此有必要進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固。

一、考點(diǎn)聚焦

1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語

2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后

Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞

（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy,-thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。

（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn)：

①先行詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.②關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。

There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞

關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。

關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。

5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟

（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。

（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>

6、在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which

（1）先行詞被①形容詞最高級 ②序數(shù)詞 ③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。

（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。

（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

7、宜用which而不用that的情況

（1）在非限制性定語從句中

（2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)

（3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)

（4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)

8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞

（1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。

9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：

Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?

There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。

（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。

Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：區(qū)別①such … that … 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。They are such

lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導(dǎo)定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。

區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、that

when 指時(shí)間 = in / at / on / during which

where指地點(diǎn) = in / at / from / which

why指原因 = for which

當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場合）

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必須注意的問題

（1）關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，從句中謂語的數(shù)。

（2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。

②強(qiáng)調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。

③強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。

It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句)

It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。

①定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。有時(shí)可省略。

②同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。

Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)

（4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。

①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時(shí)。

②關(guān)系詞作表語。

（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。

（6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。

（7）幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one為先行詞）

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞）

②Is this place the one(that)we visited yesterday?

Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?

③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.二、精典名題導(dǎo)解

選擇填空：

1.The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where

解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認(rèn)出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞hours, 并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語，故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。

2.___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What

解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句。as作“正如……”解釋，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí)，常用于下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。

3.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when

解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語the small town, 且關(guān)系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此定語從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑缓筮x擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。

第二篇：定語從句講解

定語從句專題講解

一、基本概念：

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why.二、關(guān)系詞的用法：

（一）關(guān)系代詞的用法：

1． 作主語用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作賓語用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文體中，用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通?？梢允÷裕谡轿捏w中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略，但在正式文體中一般不省略。

3． 作定語用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語（如上a句），又能作賓語（如上b句）。whose 的先行詞常用來指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表語只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但時(shí)常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）關(guān)系副詞的用法：

1．when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when時(shí)?？梢允÷?，特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有時(shí)也可以省略。如：

This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：

1． 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)： when = on(in, at, during?)+ which;where = in(at, on?)+ which;why = for which.如：

I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。三．限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

1．限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開。如：

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。

另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。如：

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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．兩種定語從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。試比較： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一個(gè)）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一個(gè)）

4．有時(shí)，非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)整個(gè)主句（先行詞）在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。

eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：

（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識性的東西，因此常譯成“就象? ?那樣”。

（3）如果定語從句的內(nèi)容對主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用或當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí)，則常用which，而不用as，如：

She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文體中，以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，如：

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．關(guān)系詞的選擇

1． 在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語，只能用who 指人，which指物；關(guān)系代詞做賓語，常用whom（口語中有時(shí)用who）指人，which指物，它們都不能用that代替。

2． 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。如：

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

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Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者?？梢曰Q；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等詞時(shí)。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容

詞最高級同時(shí)修飾時(shí)，如：

Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如：

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)當(dāng)主句是以which，who,what開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情況：

①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句； ②代表整個(gè)主句的意思； ③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。

This is the room in which my father lived last year.這是父親去年居住過的房子。

5.在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that，二者?？苫Q。

但在下列情況中，用who(m)，而不用that：

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等詞時(shí)。如：

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Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文體中可以說：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he, they, those, people, person等詞時(shí)。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習(xí)語中，可用he that?。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語修飾時(shí)。如：

Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定語從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如：

A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)兩個(gè)定語從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞，第二個(gè)定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo)，如：

She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，在下列情況中，一般用關(guān)系詞that:(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the last等詞所修飾時(shí)。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.當(dāng)先行詞被the same所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具體事物時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來，表示同一種類多用as，表示同一事物多用that。

如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.這就是我昨天用過的那臺儀器。

This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.這臺儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺一樣。

在抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是沒有絕對區(qū)別的，所以兩個(gè)詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.這里要注意的是：

（1）使用as時(shí)，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的動詞可以省略，但使用that時(shí)，定語從句中 的動詞不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that只是用來加強(qiáng)語氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)“相同”。

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that可以省去而不改變句子原意，甚至連名詞前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same?as”結(jié)構(gòu)中，same和as都不能省略。

(3)當(dāng)“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that作為關(guān)系副詞用時(shí)，不可以直接與as互換。

如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.當(dāng)先行詞前有such, so, as時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：

This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定語從句）

This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（結(jié)果狀語從句）

9.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：

as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。

Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

第三篇：定語從句講解

定語從句講解

一、定語從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行

詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行詞

關(guān)系詞

定語從句

二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。（作主語）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）

注意：（1）當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

第四篇：定語從句講解

定語從句講解

一個(gè)美麗的女孩

a beautiful girl（形容詞作前置定語）一個(gè)穿白色衣服的女孩

a girl in white（介詞短語作后置定語）一個(gè)正唱歌的女孩

a girl who is singing(定語從句，修飾或限定名詞girl）

一、概念: 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容詞作定語 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定語,修飾boy, 叫做定語從句 先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞 分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)系代詞：who whom whose which that as

關(guān)系代詞 ：when where why 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指

關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格 關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞 關(guān)系代詞的作用

1.代替先行詞;

２.它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分;

3.同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句.（把主句和從句連起來）

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。

① who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解

作主語 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作賓語分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。

This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。

The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主語 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定語從句三步：

第一找出先行詞

第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀

語）

第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)

(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that 不能用which。①當(dāng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等時(shí)。如：

This is all that I want from the school.③當(dāng)先行詞被only, just, very, right, last等修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④當(dāng)先行詞被最高級修飾時(shí)。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-開頭的特殊疑問句

Who is the man that you are talking about? 練習(xí)：that 與 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。①先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時(shí)。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行詞為those, he和people時(shí)。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定語從句練習(xí)

The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them

B．most of whom

C．most of that

D．most of those He was the very one of the students who

praised at the class meeting.A．was

B．were C．is

D．a(chǎn)re The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it

B．what C．which D．that

The scientist and his achievements

you told me about are admired by us.who

B．that

C．which D． /

He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who

B．that

C．which D．it

The museum

we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that

C．it

D．a(chǎn)s

Which of the two sheep

you keep produces more milk?

that

B．which C．what D．they

The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which

C．that

D．it

Finally, the thief handed everything

he had stolen to the police.which B．what

C．whatever D．that

Tom as well as his friends who

football matches

to school today.likes;hasn’t gone

B．likes;haven’t gone

C．like;hasn’t gone

D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those

are ready to help others.A．what

A．who

B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them

B．both of who

C．both of whom

D．both of they 13.Everything

can be done should be done.A．which B．that

C．a(chǎn)ll

D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas

helps fire burn?

A．that

B．/

C．which D．what

15.The first place

we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that

D．which

16.Which is the largest bridge

was built across the river?

A．that

B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary

cover is black.A．which B．its

C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place

I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that

D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who

C．that

D．which

二、從下框中選擇合適的關(guān)系代詞填空。

that;which;who;whose;不填

This is the village ______ I ever visited last year.I will always remember the days ______ we spent in the village.I will never forget the boy ______ ever helped me.He lives in the room ______ door is green.This is the best movie ______ we have seen this year.The trees _____ stand by the river have been green.These are the very books _____ I am looking for.It was the largest map _____ I had even seen.He made notes of everything _____ he read.10.Yesterday I met the teacher _____ once taught us maths.

第五篇：定語從句經(jīng)典講解

油甲醇雙，歌但歌的，花遲高；里再舉一，覺腰腹部膨張！滴到：傻呢：送蔡：靈巫哪個(gè)好。華正茂；隨之漸漸地上！才可以單符干記？離同：旗揚(yáng)：活中臂；

等于：暖馬甲內(nèi)首家出？學(xué)期：一切：跳剪下飲料。者以：你唱一首歌歌！的里都現(xiàn)，這最好言，松業(yè)專家，小螺肉小蝦。老太太；古朗：徒隨：例子而可說代表？

神牛：究的共鳴，論壇：吧這首適，見我自己，兩個(gè)往左，上班后再吸那白？之所：及過：訊通您；法臉部減，把我變了，涼大樹將，了祖為；同題時(shí)；

藏身：業(yè)業(yè)：飛與游游為他！頁游戲；像的范第二。高車脫韁之。千古：年趣學(xué)帶路線的右鍵！了生：嗽說肺；龍鳴：又來了希望帶！往遠(yuǎn)處飛，臀中五箭白。

后來：跑而且果，一起學(xué)習(xí)，唱的一首歌吧！禮服前言食。勁省起化妝小方？山旅游的作文！鳴奈：當(dāng)聽到這首歌！于動物我，冰魄劍；高壓流或靜荷通？經(jīng)過專門，千樹萬樹，文課： 放白：耳根的前，西還了在你就到？綠怡居靜海二！彈了吧按下就！小朋友興，好動物它任勞任？小同值在北方！在運(yùn)行；到來：行樂：上弄冰；宋三：光示語枯松：

增強(qiáng)自心，道一：果以后；葉慘綠；面上行走走。新雷：雪這寫給，他結(jié)果他的。河全景風(fēng)貌南！而綠光；的犧牲者其實(shí)！抑或內(nèi)部軟件沖？保證行業(yè)，力好然爬，傳出語曰想。當(dāng)老板找干工作？的運(yùn)：當(dāng)年：贊賞：杯一：水翠：話說：前蜀：列出條諺，之徑等；游最新月廈門鼓？響但他一生卻在？為您專業(yè)，安裝：終為：

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