第一篇：定語(yǔ)從句順口溜

【定語(yǔ)從句】定語(yǔ)從句順口溜

1.定從分類(lèi)有奧妙, 限與非限看逗號(hào);定前必有先行詞，名代兩類(lèi)最適宜；定從先行很緊密，代副兩詞拉關(guān)系；

2.關(guān)系代詞有六個(gè)，聽(tīng)我逐一來(lái)說(shuō)破；which表物人用who,人物都有that顧；which用在逗號(hào)后，意表前句你要know;who做主語(yǔ)很稱(chēng)職，whom用到賓語(yǔ)里；

3.that用法真有趣，兩個(gè)地方它不去；逗號(hào)后邊它不去，介詞之后不考慮； 4.That which代表物，區(qū)別聽(tīng)我來(lái)敘述；先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹； 先行詞前有兩數(shù)，就用that定無(wú)誤；先行詞前最高級(jí)，還用that必?zé)o疑； 句中若有there be, that應(yīng)把which替；先行主中做表語(yǔ)，避免重復(fù)從句里；（Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;）

5.指人可用that who, 以下情況多用who;Those people做先行，There be的結(jié)構(gòu)中； 先行指人不定代，從中做主who要在；兩個(gè)定從一起來(lái)，不要重復(fù)你有才； 6.定從之中少定語(yǔ)，whose為你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所屬關(guān)系要記住。7.As/which在句末，若有否定as錯(cuò)；句首只能用as,還有認(rèn)知猜想詞；

固定結(jié)構(gòu)用as, the same /such/so/as;So /such …that賓不離，so/such…as賓要棄； 8.關(guān)系代詞到這里，主賓表定作用起；關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)，省與不省全靠你；

9.關(guān)系副詞when/where/why, 從中做狀莫懈??；時(shí)間用when原因why,地點(diǎn)where經(jīng)常在；關(guān)系副詞可替換，介詞加上關(guān)系代；關(guān)系代，關(guān)系代，that與who要除外；挑選介詞要聰明，必看動(dòng)詞和先行；聰明反被聰明誤，只因亂用關(guān)系副；關(guān)系副，關(guān)系副，定缺主賓它不??；它不住，它不住，關(guān)系代詞來(lái)玩酷；

10.只記上邊不可以，特殊情況告訴你；先行用way 做狀語(yǔ), in which/ that /略可以；one of +復(fù)做先行，從中謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)明，one前若有only/very, 從中謂語(yǔ)定用單 ；定從名從可轉(zhuǎn)換，all that被 what換；

定語(yǔ)從句順口溜分段解析：

1.定從分類(lèi)有奧妙, 限與非限看逗號(hào);定語(yǔ)從句分為兩大類(lèi)：限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，區(qū)分它們有兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1）從內(nèi)容上看，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與它所修飾的先行詞關(guān)系緊密，不可去掉，去掉后意思就不完整了；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。2）從形式上看，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間沒(méi)有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。請(qǐng)看例句：

The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性)解析：第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，不那去掉，否則意思不完整。

定前必有先行詞，名代兩類(lèi)最適宜；例句：

1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.有人要和你講話。2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.那些贊成計(jì)劃的舉起了手。

3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。解析：例句中somebody、those是代詞，novel是名詞，是被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞，可以做先行詞的是名詞和代詞兩類(lèi)。

定從先行很緊密，代副兩詞拉關(guān)系；

定語(yǔ)從句都在先行詞之后，連接定從和先行詞的詞，叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有兩類(lèi)：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞要注意兩點(diǎn)：1）它的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和意思完全等同于先行詞，2）關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做一定的句子成分。

例句 1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男生們是一班的。

解析：who＝boys , 在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，所以其后謂語(yǔ)用are。

例句 2)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩子喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。解析：which=game, 在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。例句 3）I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我仍然還記得第一次到學(xué)校的那一天。解析：when是關(guān)系副詞＝on the day, 在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例句 4）The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.十年前我住的房子已經(jīng)被拆了。解析：where是關(guān)系副詞＝in the house, 在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

例句 5）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.請(qǐng)告訴我你沒(méi)趕上飛機(jī)的原因。解析：why是關(guān)系副詞＝for the reason, 在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。2.關(guān)系代詞有六個(gè)，聽(tīng)我逐一來(lái)說(shuō)破；

六個(gè)關(guān)系代詞是：that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as，注意關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主賓表定語(yǔ)。which表物人用who,人物都有that顧；

先行詞是物，關(guān)系代詞用which，也可以用that;先行詞是人，關(guān)系代詞用who,也可以用that;先行詞中既有人，又有物，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。

例句 1)This is the mountain village(which/ that)I visited last year.這就是我去年參觀的那個(gè)山村。解析：先行詞mountain village是物，可用which或that, 因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中visit后缺賓語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明which或that應(yīng)該在定從中做賓語(yǔ)，所以還可以省略。

例句 2）The man(that/whom / who)you met just now is my friend.你剛剛見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人是我的朋友。

解析：先行詞man表人，關(guān)系詞可以用who/that/whom，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，所以可以省略；另外，whom是專(zhuān)門(mén)用來(lái)做賓語(yǔ)用的，而who則只是在口語(yǔ)中才用。

例句 3）This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that)teaches us history.這本雜志是我們歷史老師的。

解析：先行詞teacher是人，關(guān)系代詞用who或that, 因?yàn)樵诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，所以不能省略。例句 4）He talked about the teachers and schools(that)he had visited.他談到了他所見(jiàn)到的老師和學(xué)校。

解析：先行詞 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物，關(guān)系代詞只能用 that, 又因?yàn)閠hat在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，所以又可以省略。

which用在逗號(hào)后，意表前句你要know;這是which用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的一個(gè)用法。

例句1）He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

解析：which是關(guān)系代詞，指代前面的一句話：他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思。

例句2）Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。解析：which是關(guān)系代詞，指代前面的一句話：液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?。who做主語(yǔ)很稱(chēng)職，whom用到賓語(yǔ)里； 先行詞是表示人的詞，定語(yǔ)從句中如果缺主語(yǔ)，要用who做關(guān)系代詞，如果缺賓語(yǔ)，正規(guī)場(chǎng)合下用whom, 口語(yǔ)中也可以用who。

例句 1）He is the boy who often goes to school late.他就是那個(gè)經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到的男生。解析：先行詞the boy 指人，后面的定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。

例句 2）She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。解析：先行詞the old woman指人，后面的定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用whom,口語(yǔ)中也可以用who。3.that用法真有趣，兩個(gè)地方它不去；逗號(hào)后邊它不去，介詞之后不考慮；

That做為關(guān)系代詞，不可用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，即不可用在逗號(hào)后邊；定語(yǔ)從句中介詞之后也不可使用。在逗號(hào)或介詞后，指物時(shí)用which,指人時(shí)用who或whom。

例句1）They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 解析：在介詞of之后指物，選擇C which。

例句 2）The engineer with _____my father works is about 50 years old.A.whose B.who C.which D.whom 解析：選擇 D whom。介詞后指人。

例句 3）The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.A.which B.that C.whom D.who 解析：選擇 D who。逗號(hào)后指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。

4.That which代表物，區(qū)別聽(tīng)我來(lái)敘述； 先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹； 當(dāng)先行詞為anything，everything，nothing，all，any，much，many，one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。

例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能給你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？

先行詞前有兩數(shù)，就用that定無(wú)誤；

當(dāng)先行詞是基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”，不用 “which”。

例句： That is the second time that I have been to Japan.那是我去日本的第二次。

The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.坐落在泰晤士河岸邊的那兩座大樓上星期倒塌了。先行詞前最高級(jí)，還用that必?zé)o疑；

當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。

例句：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.這是我度過(guò)的最美好的時(shí)光。

句中若有there be, that應(yīng)把which替；

例：There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters.說(shuō)動(dòng)物擁有神秘的第六感，可以預(yù)知自然災(zāi)害，這是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。

先行主中做表語(yǔ)，避免重復(fù)從句里；

例句：1）This is not the hospital that it used to be.這已經(jīng)不再是以前那座醫(yī)院了。

2）Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.湯姆森先生已經(jīng)不再是以前的他了。

解析：定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞均在主句中做表語(yǔ)。例句：Which is the course that we are to take ? 我們要學(xué)哪門(mén)課？

解析：句中已有which,后面不再用which,避免重復(fù)用that。（Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;）

先行詞前有Just、the only、very、same、last等詞，關(guān)系代詞用that，不用which。例句：1)The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.北極是唯一能見(jiàn)到北極熊的地方。

2）This is the same bike that he lost.這就是他丟了的那輛自行車(chē)。

注意區(qū)分：

3)This is the same bike as he lost.這輛自行車(chē)和他丟的那輛一樣。（但不是）5.指人可用that who, 以下情況多用who;Those people做先行，There be的結(jié)構(gòu)中； 例句：

1)Those who are for the plan, please raise your hands.贊成計(jì)劃的人請(qǐng)舉手。

2)People who create computer viruses are called hackers.制造電腦病毒的人被稱(chēng)為黑客。3)There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every night.曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)小男孩每天晚上都來(lái)網(wǎng)吧玩游戲。先行指人不定代，從中做主who要在；

先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如 one、someone、anyone、nobody 等詞，或指人的關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，要用who, 而不用that。

例句：

1）Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you.懂得一點(diǎn)科學(xué)知識(shí)的人都不會(huì)相信你的話。

解析：nobody是指人的不定代詞，用who, 不用that。2）The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car.那個(gè)裝扮成經(jīng)理的賊在偷車(chē)時(shí)被當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓獲。解析：who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。兩個(gè)定從一起來(lái)，不要重復(fù)你有才；

一個(gè)先行詞有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要避免重復(fù)使用。

A plant that can cure diseases, which was known by the ancient Chinese , is called Chinese herbal medicine.一種能夠治病的，被古代中國(guó)人所熟知的植物，叫做中藥。

6.定從之中少定語(yǔ)，whose為你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所屬關(guān)系要記住。

Whose也是一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)，表示人與人、人與物或物與物之間的所屬關(guān)系，特別要注意，物與物之間的關(guān)系也用whose。

例句 1)Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the country? 解析：anyone是先行詞，whose=anyone’s，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。例句 2)Pass me the book whose cover is red.解析：the book是先行詞，whose=the book’s, 在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。7.As/which在句末，若有否定as錯(cuò)；

as和 which都可指代前面一句話，請(qǐng)看例句: 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.愛(ài)麗絲受到了她老板的邀請(qǐng)，這使她感到吃驚。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.天氣結(jié)果變好了，這是我們沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的。若有否定as錯(cuò)；

3）The result of the experiment was very good, _______ we hadn't expected.A.when B.that C.which D.what

【簡(jiǎn)析】答案是C。由于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，只能用which引導(dǎo)，不能用as來(lái)替代which。句首只能用as,還有認(rèn)知猜想詞；

置于句首時(shí)，非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只能用as引導(dǎo)。例如：

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.眾所周知，月亮每月繞地球一周。

與表示認(rèn)知猜想的詞，如know, expect, see, report, 連用時(shí)，要用as。1）As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.我們知道，吸煙對(duì)健康有害。

2）As is expected, his daughter entered a key university.正如人們所期望的那樣，他的女兒考入了一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。固定結(jié)構(gòu)用as, the same /such/so/as;

1）在the same …as….結(jié)構(gòu)中。意思是 “像……一樣的”。例如： Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places.重慶和我們?cè)谄渌胤娇催^(guò)的城市不一樣。

注意區(qū)分: the same ….that….,請(qǐng)看例句：

This is the same pen that I lost.這正是我所丟的鋼筆。（同一）

This is the same pen as I lost.這支鋼筆和我丟的那支一樣。（相似，不是一個(gè)）2）在as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中，意思是“像……那樣的”。例如：

No period in history has had as many important changes _______ have taken place in the past century.沒(méi)有哪個(gè)歷史階段像過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)這樣有如此多的重大變化。

3）在such…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中, 意思是“像……那樣的”。例如：

Mathilde had to work hard day and night and bought such a diamond necklace as she had lost to pay back to Jeanne.馬帝爾德不得不日日夜夜地干活，來(lái)買(mǎi)一個(gè)像被她丟掉的那樣的鉆石項(xiàng)鏈還給讓。So /such …that賓不離，so/such…as賓要棄； 在so/such…that結(jié)構(gòu)中，that后引導(dǎo)的不是定語(yǔ)從句，而是狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中必須有賓語(yǔ)；在so/such…as結(jié)構(gòu)中，as后引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，從句中不帶賓語(yǔ)。

例如：

1)He studies in such a good school that all other students in his village admire him.他在那樣好的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，以至于村子里其他的學(xué)生都很羨慕他。解析：that后是狀語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句中有賓語(yǔ)him。

2）He studies in such a good school as all other students in his village admire.他在那樣好的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，村里的其它學(xué)生都很羨慕那所學(xué)校。

解析：as后是定語(yǔ)從句,as代替先行詞school,在定語(yǔ)從句中做admire的賓語(yǔ)。8.關(guān)系代詞到這里，主賓表定作用起；關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)，省與不省全靠你；

到此為止，我們一共學(xué)了六個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，分別是：which, that, who, whom, whose, as ,這些關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞which/ that/ whom做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。

9.關(guān)系副詞when/where/why, 從中做狀莫懈??； 時(shí)間用when原因why,地點(diǎn)where經(jīng)常在； 定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)：when, where和why，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)。when指時(shí)間，where指地點(diǎn)，why表原因。例如：

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我仍然記得我初次到北京的那天。

The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.他父親工作的那個(gè)工廠在城市的西郊。That is the reason why I did the job.那就是我為什么干這個(gè)活的原因。關(guān)系副詞可替換，介詞加上關(guān)系代；

關(guān)系副詞可以由介詞加上which來(lái)替換。例如：

1)This is the house where(in which)I lived two years ago.在這句中，where= in which 2)Do you remember the day when(on which)you joined our club? 在這句中，when= on which 3)This is the reason why(for which)he came late.在這句中，reason= for which 關(guān)系代，關(guān)系代，that與who要除外；挑選介詞要聰明，必看動(dòng)詞和先行；

介詞后可用關(guān)系代詞，但只能用which或whom，不能用that 和who。那么，這個(gè)介詞怎么選呢？其一，可以看定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；其二，可以看先行詞。例如：

1)The pain from which the poor suffered in this area has attracted the attention of the public.本句中用from 加 which, from與定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞搭配，suffer from。2)English is a useful tool in which I can communicate with foreign friends.本句中用in加which, 和先行詞搭配，先行詞表語(yǔ)言，因此用in。

聰明反被聰明誤，只因亂用關(guān)系副；關(guān)系副，關(guān)系副，定缺主賓它不??；它不住，它不住，關(guān)系代詞來(lái)玩酷；

關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中是做狀語(yǔ)的，where做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why做原因狀語(yǔ)，但要特別注意，如果定語(yǔ)從句中所缺的不是狀語(yǔ)，而是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，就不要用關(guān)系副詞，而要用關(guān)系代詞。例如：

1)I still remember the days _____ we spent together in the mountains last summer.先看定語(yǔ)從句中所缺少的句子成分，spent是及物動(dòng)詞，缺賓語(yǔ)，因此不能填when, 而要用關(guān)系代詞which或that。

2）This is the house ______ his grandfather once lived in.先看定語(yǔ)從句中所缺少的句子成分，lived in, 明顯缺賓語(yǔ)，in是介詞，介詞后應(yīng)該有賓語(yǔ)，所以不能填where, 而要用which或that。3）Is that the reason _______ you explained to the teacher for your being late for school? 先看定語(yǔ)從句中所缺少的句子成分，explain后應(yīng)該跟雙賓語(yǔ)，缺少一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，因此不能用why, 而要用which或that。

10.只記上邊不可以，特殊情況告訴你；

先行用way 做狀語(yǔ), in which/ that /略可以，先行詞是way, 表示方式，在定語(yǔ)從句中做方式狀語(yǔ)，其后的關(guān)系詞可以有三種處理方式，即：in which/ that 或省略。

例句：

I like the way he smiles.I like the way that he smiles.I like the way in which he smiles.one of +復(fù)做先行，從中謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)明，one前若有only/ very, 從中謂語(yǔ)定用單； 例句：

Ling Qing is one of the volunteers who are ready to go to the countryside.Ling Qing is the only one of the volunteers who is ready to go to the countryside.定從名從可轉(zhuǎn)換，all that被 what換；

名詞性從句中的what/whatever/whoever等詞，在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。例句：

1)I don’t believe whatever he says.= I don't believe anything(that)he says.2)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.= Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.3)The driver didn’t hear what the policeman said.= The driver didn’t hear the words that the policeman said.4)The students can do all(that)they can to help the old teacher.= The students can do what they can to help the old teacher.定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題：

1.There is somebody here ______ wants to speak to you.A.that B.who C.which D.when

2.Charles Smith, ______ was my former teacher, retired last year.A.who B.that C.which D.whom

3.This novel, ______I have read three times, is very touching.A.that B./ C.which D.what

4.He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _____ greatly upsets me.A.what B.who C.whom D.which

5.Do you like the book ______ color is yellow? A.which B.which’s C.whose D.whom 6.The school in ______ he once studied is very famous.A.where B.which C.that D.who

7.We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked about.A.for whom B.on who C./ D.which 8.He loved his parents deeply, both of ______ are very kind to him.A.them B.that C.who D.whom

9.There are forty students in our class in all, and most of ______ are from big cities.A.whom B.which C.whom D.them 10.The reason ______ which he refused the invitation is not clear.A.why B.for C.on D.that

11.This is the mountain village _______ I visited last year.A./ B.where C.at which D.in which

12.I'll never forget the days _______I spent in the countryside.A.which B.when C.with whom D.on which 13.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 14.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 15._______ spits in public will be punished here.A.Whoever B.Who C.Whom D.Whose

16._______ we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.A.Which B.Who C.Like D.As

17.The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

18.I have got into the same trouble________he(has).A.that B.as C.like D.which

19.Finally, the thief handed everything _______ he had stolen to the police.A.that B.what C.which D.who

20.After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _______ he owned.A.as B.that C.which D.where

21.Can you remember the scientist and his theory _______ we have learned? A.that B.who C.which D.as

22.Do you remember the day ______ you joined our club？

A.in which B.that C.which D.when

【賓語(yǔ)從句】巧記賓語(yǔ)從句

[賓語(yǔ)從句歌訣]

賓語(yǔ)從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風(fēng)采。

展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。

主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語(yǔ)序永不變。

陳述請(qǐng)你選that，疑問(wèn)需用if/whether連。

特殊問(wèn)句作賓從，原來(lái)問(wèn)詞不用換。

三關(guān)過(guò)后莫得意，人稱(chēng)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意。

留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間。

[歌訣解碼] 一、三姊妹

賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類(lèi)型：

1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：

We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2.由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3.由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？

二、三關(guān)

1.引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)

如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that（that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether；如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。

2.語(yǔ)序關(guān)

①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：

He is an honest boy.The teacher said.→The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.②一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：

Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I don’t know.→I don’t know when he left.3.時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)

①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：

I have heard（that）he will come back next week.②如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：

He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人稱(chēng)的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用

1.從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱(chēng)，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱(chēng)，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱(chēng)，不用變化。如：

“May I use your knife？”He asked me.→He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me.→He asked me if I know her telephone number.2.賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如：

Who will give us a talk？I don’t know.→I don’t know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？

四、兩副面孔

if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：

If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）

I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.（賓語(yǔ)從句）

五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化

1.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths.→She agreed to help me with my maths.3.在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？

第二篇：定語(yǔ)從句

2

定語(yǔ)從句

（重慶）24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members A themB.thatC.whichD.whom

（浙江）13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform A.itB.thatC.whatD.which（北京）27.Many countries are now setting up national parks________ animals and plants can

be protected.A.when B.which C.whoseD.where

________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why 3（浙江）5.The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom 4（新課標(biāo)II）I wouldbe staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

（江蘇）32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

（天津）6.We have launched another man-made is announced in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what（四川）9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

（上海）38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what（陜西）16.__is often the case with the children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As 10（山東）35.Finally he reached a lonely island ___ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom11（山東）31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where12（遼寧）34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which case B.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case 13（江西）33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how

（湖南）21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

（福建）27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

（安徽）29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.18.【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom

19.【2012浙江卷】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which

20.【2012江蘇卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what 21.【2012重慶卷】29.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

22.【2012四川卷】13.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of them

23.【2012陜西卷】14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what 24.【2012北京卷】26.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when25.【2012全國(guó)II】8.That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when

1-5 DBDCB6-10BDAD C11-15 AACB A16-20 DDBBB21-25DCCBB

第三篇：定語(yǔ)從句

高一必修2 Unit1：Cultural relics知識(shí)點(diǎn)及課后測(cè)試（含答案）

一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

1.讓學(xué)生在課文中把含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子全部劃出來(lái)，標(biāo)上序號(hào)。

2.提醒學(xué)生從句子的意義和形式方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比，發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種定語(yǔ)從句的不同點(diǎn)。3.同桌之間交換意見(jiàn)，對(duì)兩種定語(yǔ)從句的不同點(diǎn)形成初步印象。

4.教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)這些結(jié)論進(jìn)行歸納分析，結(jié)合例句梳理兩種定語(yǔ)從句的不同用法。限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

與主句語(yǔ)意關(guān)系緊湊，定語(yǔ)從句不與主句語(yǔ)意關(guān)系松散，定語(yǔ)從句拿掉其 能刪除 他部分仍可成立 表意

功能 修飾先行詞 修飾先行詞或整個(gè)句子 無(wú)逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi) 有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)

使用時(shí)可以用that引導(dǎo) 使用時(shí)不能用that引導(dǎo) 形式 關(guān)系詞做賓語(yǔ)可省 關(guān)系詞做賓語(yǔ)不可省

as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的不同：

(1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、句中和句尾，而which只能放在句末。As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.（2）as有實(shí)際意義，可翻譯成“正如，正像”而which并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。常見(jiàn)的搭配有： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣 as is known to all 眾所周知

as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣 as is often the case 情況常常如此 as is hoped 正如希望的

Food prices finally went down, as people had expected.（3）當(dāng)定于從句是否定句或表示否定時(shí)，只能用which He came here very late, which was unexpected.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句（1）常用于下列句式

such+名詞+as… 像……一樣,像……之類(lèi) the same+名詞+as… 和……同樣的

Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推薦的人是可靠的。I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和這里一樣的工具。注意：下面兩句意思的差別

這和我上周讀的那本書(shū)是一樣的。（不是同一本）這就是我上周讀的那本書(shū)。（同一本）

二、課文知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1.cultural relics 文化遺產(chǎn)

Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物館展出了許多出土文物。2.rare and valuable 珍貴稀有 It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.這樣的天才現(xiàn)在很少見(jiàn)。

3.in search of 尋找，尋求 = in search for He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闖蕩七大洋去歷險(xiǎn).He went to the south in search for a better future.他為了尋找更好的前途到南方去。4.in the fancy style 以別致的風(fēng)格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……風(fēng)格

These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones.這些衣服對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有些花哨，我還是喜歡素凈些的。5.popular She is popular at school.她在學(xué)校里很受人喜歡。

This dance is popular with young people.這種舞很受青年人喜愛(ài)。

6.…a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.用金銀珠寶裝飾起來(lái)的珍品，一批國(guó)家最優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家用了大約十年的時(shí)間才把它完成。

decorate with 以...裝飾

7.be designed for …為……而設(shè)計(jì) by design 故意地

My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要當(dāng)工程師。

This room was originally designed to be my study.這間屋子原預(yù)定做我的書(shū)房。

His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他當(dāng)陸軍，但是他卻喜歡當(dāng)海軍。8.belong to 屬于

We belong to the same generation.我們屬于同代人。9.in return 作為回報(bào)/報(bào)答/交換

in turn 依次地，輪流的；轉(zhuǎn)而，反過(guò)來(lái)

10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友圍住了。11.become part of… 變成……的一部分 It is part of the way we act.它是我們行為表現(xiàn)的一部分。12.serve as 作為，用作，充當(dāng)，起作用

The room can serve as a study.這間房子可作書(shū)房用。

13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要來(lái)賓的小型會(huì)客室。

14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后來(lái)，葉卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宮殿中。have sth done 請(qǐng)/讓別人做某事，使得，蒙受某種損失 We had the machine repaired.我們請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。

15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，這間琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。(I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted.我從來(lái)不允許按照自己的想法去做事情。)16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing.可悲的是，盡管琥珀屋被認(rèn)為是世界上的一大奇跡之一，可是現(xiàn)在它卻消失了。I am considering going abroad.我正在考慮出國(guó)。I consider it a great honor.我認(rèn)為這是極大的榮幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame.我們認(rèn)為這不是司機(jī)的過(guò)錯(cuò)。

We consider it(to be)true.=(We consider that it is true.)我們認(rèn)為這是真實(shí)的。a couple of words missing 缺的兩三個(gè)字 There is a page missing.缺少一頁(yè)。

Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍樹(shù)林以尋找失蹤的孩子.17.be at war 處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài),交戰(zhàn)

18.remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件藝術(shù)品搬走 He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。

This old table is a valuable piece of furniture.這張舊桌子是一件很珍貴的家具。19.in less than two days 在不到兩天的時(shí)間里

20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這些箱子后來(lái)被裝上了運(yùn)往……的火車(chē)。There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)她會(huì)遵守諾言的.There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的,臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)。There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能勝任這個(gè)工作,這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的.21.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.從那以后，琥珀屋的去處便成了一個(gè)謎。

it remains to be seen 尚待分曉

The fact remains to be proved.事實(shí)尚待證明

remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在戶外 These matters remain in doubt.這些事情仍然值得懷疑

He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他決心不管發(fā)生什么事都忠于球隊(duì)。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得當(dāng)了法官，但約翰仍然是個(gè)漁民。22.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.通過(guò)研究琥珀屋原來(lái)的照片，他們建造的新琥珀屋樣子和舊的看起來(lái)非常像。23.One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在眾多不同的花瓶和首飾中看見(jiàn)一個(gè)神奇的東西。

24.without doubt 無(wú)疑地，確實(shí)地

He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.他確實(shí)是我所教過(guò)的學(xué)生中最聰明的.25.the UN peace-keeping force 聯(lián)合國(guó)維和部隊(duì)

26.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.那位老人看見(jiàn)一些德國(guó)人把琥珀屋拆開(kāi)搬走了。take apart 拆卸，拆開(kāi)

Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away.玩具拿開(kāi)前先將它拆成一件件的。

27.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在審訊中，法官必須確定哪些目擊者可信哪些不可信。28.rather than勝于，而不是 Tom rather than Jack is to blame.該受責(zé)備的是湯姆，而不是杰克。I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我寧愿讀書(shū)而不愿閑坐著。We aim at quality rather than quantity.我們的目的是重質(zhì)不重量。第4/8頁(yè)

29.by the light of the moom 借助于月光 30.for oneself 親自，獨(dú)自地

One should not live for oneself alone.一個(gè)人不應(yīng)只是為自已活著。

31.To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到驚奇的是礦口被封閉了?！?32.I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room.我認(rèn)為那些在找尋琥珀屋的人們很了不起。

33.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也不認(rèn)為他們會(huì)把它交給任何政府。34.do with 處理，忍受，對(duì)付 I can't do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢無(wú)禮的態(tài)度 What do they do with the coin? 他們是怎樣處理這枚硬幣的? 35.take notes of 記錄，把……記下來(lái)

Please take notes of the important while you read.請(qǐng)邊讀邊把重要的事情記下來(lái)。

36.Read the information that is provided for the visitors.閱讀一下為參觀者提供的信息。They provide us with food.他們供給我們食物。

We provided food for the hungry children.我們?yōu)轲囸I的孩子們提供食物。

It's wise to save some money and provide for the future.“積蓄點(diǎn)錢(qián),為將來(lái)使用作些準(zhǔn)備是明智的?！?He has a wife and seven children to provide for.他需要贍養(yǎng)妻子和七個(gè)孩子。

37.It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不僅給你了練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)而且在同時(shí)也給你了培養(yǎng)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貧v史感興趣的機(jī)會(huì)。38.for fun 為了消遣，為了開(kāi)心 He plays violin just for fun.他拉小提琴只是為了自?shī)首詷?lè)?！揪毩?xí)】 一）填寫(xiě)單詞

1.By definition the capital is the political and c_______ center of a country.2.Though he recovered from his illness, he r__________ weak.3.The house b_________ to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.4.Heavily as it rained, we were still out in s________ of the missing boy.5.The school building was d_________ by a famous professor in Beijing, whose s_________ many people prefer.6.I sent her a bike as his birthday g________, and she gave me an mp3 in r_________.7.She stared at herself in the m________ and lost in thought.8.They are twins.No w________ I can not tell them apart.9.He was c_________ to be honest.In fact, the e_________he gave p______ to be false.10.We mustn't _____ to know what we don't know.Please raise your questions if any.第5/8頁(yè)

二）請(qǐng)根據(jù)中文意思完成下列句子。1.長(zhǎng)城是世界一大奇跡。The Great Wall is one of the _______ in the world.2.請(qǐng)考慮一下我的建議。Please ____________ my suggestion.3．僅幾名士兵沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)死。Only a few soldiers ____________ the battle.4．我偶然在那書(shū)店里見(jiàn)到這本珍貴的書(shū)。

5．他的繪畫(huà)受到世界上一些專(zhuān)家的好評(píng)。Some experts of the world _______ his paintings.6．他給我們?nèi)绱硕嗟膸椭蚁霝樗鲂┦伦鳛閳?bào)答。He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something _________.7．有很多人出席了這次會(huì)議，其中三分之二都是同一個(gè)學(xué)校的。There are many people present at the meeting, two thirds of whom _________ _______ the same school.8．我們認(rèn)為他說(shuō)的不重要。We ___________ what he said unimportant.9．那些男孩去找吃的東西去了。________ 10． 他是個(gè)對(duì)音樂(lè)有天賦的學(xué)生。三）單項(xiàng)選擇

1.When I left, he _____ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party.A.remembered B.reminded C.was remained D.asked 2.______ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for 3.A working party has been set up to ______ this matter.A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look through 4.The had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _____ all the work.A.troubles to finish B.trouble to finish C.difficulty in finishing D.difficulties to finish 5.That dress is such a good _____ that it will be fashionable for years.A.manner B.style C.sort D.model 6.This photo _____ me __________ my childhood.A.reminded;of B.remembered;in C.recalled;in D.remained;into 7.A year later, his friend was appointed as a sales manager, but he _____ a salesman.A.reminded B.still C.worked D.remained 8.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____ , causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised;rise B.has been rose;raise C.has raised;rise D.has raised;rose 9.As I felt so much better, my doctor ______ me to take a holiday by the sea.A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.insisted 10.______ decision is made, you must ______.A.Once;carry it out B.when;carry out it C.As soon as;work out it D.After;carry it on 11.I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be albe to do something for you ______.A in turns B.in case C.in return D.in use 12.When you are in ______ about the meaning of the word, you can look it up in a dictionary.第6/8頁(yè)

A.idea B.talk C.wonder D.doubt 13.I’ve ______ invitation, but I don’t think I’ll______ it.A accepted;received B.received;receive C.taken;accept D.received;accept 四）定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which 3.John said he’d been working in the lab for an hour, ______ was true.A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, ______, of course, made the others very happy.A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.Chongqing is the city ______ she lived when she was young.A.where B.which C.when D.how 6.Do you know the reasons ______ he came back? A.how B.which C.that D.why 7.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, ______ of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what 8.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 9.I don’t like cars ______ owners park too close to me.A.which B.who C.whose D.of which 10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.Which B.That C.As D.Such 11.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.this 12.Charlie Chaplin, ______ childhood was hard, began acting at the age of five.第7/8頁(yè)

A.who B.whom C.whose D.his 13.We are talking about a subject ______ the importance hasn’t been realized.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 14.The science of medicine, ______ progress has been very rapid, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.which B.that C.in which D.with which Unit1 Cultural relics答案

（一）1.cultural 2.remains 3.belonging 4.search 5.designed, style6.gift, return 7.mirror 8.wonder 9.considered, evidence, proved 10.pretend

（二）1.wonders 2.consider 3.survied 4.rare 5.thought highly of 6.in trturn 7.belong to 8.consider 9.in search of 10.gift

（三）BACCB ADABA CDD 四）

1-5 CDBBA 6-10 DCACC 11-14BCCC

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句歸納

定語(yǔ)從句（the attributive clause）

一．什么叫定語(yǔ)從句？

一個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ)就叫定語(yǔ)從句。二．定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及種類(lèi)

1.結(jié)構(gòu)：關(guān)系詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它

2.種類(lèi)：限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 三．關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)及關(guān)系詞

1.關(guān)系代詞：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as 2.關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why 四．關(guān)系詞的功用

1.起連接作用，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

2.在定語(yǔ)從句中作一個(gè)成分——主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。五．什么是先行詞？

被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞是先行詞。六．關(guān)系詞的用法

1.who 當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞或代詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，選who。The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom 當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，選whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose

① 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，選whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.② 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，而且關(guān)系在句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，選whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that

① 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，選that.This is a machine that can walk.② 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選that.另外，that可以省略。

I like the present(that)my father sent me.③ 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞，關(guān)系詞也可選用that=who

The boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞也可選用which，它在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，which=that 6.下列情況下，關(guān)系詞只能選用that

① 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, everything時(shí)

Is there anything that I can do for you? ② 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all時(shí)

Mr.Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 當(dāng)先行詞被all, some, any修飾時(shí)

These are all the things that I have done today.④ 當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very 修飾時(shí)

This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥ time 作先行詞，前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí) This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.⑦ 盡管先行詞指人，但關(guān)系詞在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago ⑧ 以 who開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句，盡管先行詞指人。Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ? ⑨ 當(dāng)先行詞包括人和物時(shí)。7.下列情況下，關(guān)系詞只能選which ① 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.② 先行詞不是一個(gè)詞，而是前面整個(gè)句子的概念時(shí) The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy.③ 當(dāng)先行詞指物，用“介詞+which” This is the pen with which I often write.8.as

As 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有四種情況。As在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。

① as 單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

As we all know(=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.② the same …as… 與…一樣

I have the same idea as you.③ such… as… 和…一樣

Don’t read such a book as you can’t understand.④ as…as… 和…一樣

In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.9.where

① 當(dāng)先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，選where，where=介詞+which

This is the classroom where we study.② 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能選that/which.This is the factory that/which makes paper

This is the factory(that/which)we visited yesterday.③ 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用which

This is the school, which he visited.④ the one 是代詞，代替前面的名詞，其后的that/which 往往省略。

Is this factory the one you visited?

⑤ 當(dāng)situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，選where

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.⑥ 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，但定語(yǔ)從句末有介詞時(shí)，選which。

This is the lab which we do experiments in.10.when ① 當(dāng)先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞，而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，選when，when=介詞+which We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr.Smith.② 盡管先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞，但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選that或which。Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.We will never forget the days(that/which)we spent with him.③ 盡管先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能選which。

Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday.④ one 作替代詞，代替前面表示時(shí)間的名詞，其后的that/which往往省略。That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever.⑤ time作先行詞，前面有序數(shù)詞或last時(shí)，只能選that。Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week? 11.why

① 當(dāng)先行詞是指表示原因的名詞reason時(shí)，如果關(guān)系副詞作狀語(yǔ)，選why，why=for which.This is the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.② 當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時(shí)，如果關(guān)系副詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)，選that/which,也可省略。

My parents didn’t believe the reason(that/ which)I give him.七．介詞+which/whom 1.介詞+which/whom

① 介詞的選擇根據(jù)下面四種情況

a.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

Who is the person with whom you shook hands just now? b.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞

In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure.c.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞 This is the bike by which I go to school.d.根據(jù)句意。

This is the train on which he works.② 如果關(guān)系詞指人，選whom，如果關(guān)系詞指物，選which。2.不定代詞+of+which/whom 常用的不定代詞有：both, neither, either(兩者之一)，all, none, many, most, some, any Mr.Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.3.數(shù)詞，分詞，百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+which/whom There are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4.the+名詞+of+which=whose+名詞

He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which(=whose cover)is missing.5.介詞+whose+名詞 This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.八．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

如果主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句之間有個(gè)逗號(hào)，它就是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有：which，who, when, where, why, whom, whose.九．分隔性的定語(yǔ)從句

有時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間被其他詞隔開(kāi)，把這種從句叫分隔性的定語(yǔ)從句。The days are gone when China used foreign oil.= Gone are the days when China used foreign oil.十．The way 作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有三種情況：that, in which 省略。

I don’t like the way ___D___ you do things.A.that

B.in which

C.× D.all of the above 十一.One of +the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，the only one of +the 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well.He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well.十二.在定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)依據(jù)它所修飾的先行詞。

I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything.He who breaks the school rules should be punished.Those who break the school rules should be punished.Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished.十三.定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的區(qū)別

非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)之間有一個(gè)逗號(hào)，并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)式單句+并列連詞（and, or.so, but）+簡(jiǎn)單句.I have many friends, all of whom are kind to me.I have many friends and all of them are kind to me.

第五篇：定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句

1.對(duì)堅(jiān)持不懈的人來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有什么是不可能的。（those）Nothing is impossible for those who persevere.2.眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。（As）

As we all know, smoking does harm to one’s health.3.桂林是一座具有兩千年歷史的城市。（history）Guilin is a city wihich/that has a history of two thousand year.4.你知道他辭職的原因嗎？（quit）Do you know the reason why he quitted the job? 5.你們剛才在談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人已經(jīng)到我們公司了。（talk）The person(who/whom)you were talking about has arrived at our company.6.這就是你能在上面找到答案的那一頁(yè)。（page）This is the page where/in which you can find the answer.7.那位我們?nèi)ツ暝湛催^(guò)的老太太去世了。（take care of）The old lady who/whom we had taken care of last year passed away.8.他們?cè)谠瓉?lái)是一個(gè)公園的地方建了一個(gè)商場(chǎng)。（shopping mall）They built a shopping mall in a place which/ that used to be a park.9.他給我們講了許多我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的有趣的人和事。（hear）

He told us many interesting people and things(that)I have ever seen.10.這部小說(shuō)很感人，我讀過(guò)三遍了。（touching）This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.11.這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最宏偉的建筑了。（ever）

This is the most magnificent building(that)I have ever seen/ 12.我們歡迎任何對(duì)舞蹈感興趣的人參加這次比賽。（welcome）We welcome anyone who is interested in dancing to enter the competition.13.他似乎沒(méi)領(lǐng)會(huì)我的意思，這令我心煩。（grasp）

He seemed no to have grasped what I meant, which made me upset.14.我們?cè)僖膊荒芑氐侥切┠贻p且無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的日子了。（days）We can never go back to those days when we were young and care-free.15.他把他所了解到的關(guān)于這個(gè)新技術(shù)的一切都寫(xiě)了下來(lái)。（learn）

He wrote down all/everything(that)he had learned about the new technology.16.大學(xué)畢業(yè)生經(jīng)常感到很難一畢業(yè)就找到工作，他們大多數(shù)都沒(méi)有任何工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（find）

University graduates, most of whom don’t have any work experience, often find it hard to find a job upon graduation.17.醫(yī)生告訴我他已經(jīng)沒(méi)有辦法挽救這個(gè)病人了。（nothing）The doctor told me that there was nothing he could do to save this patient.18.魯迅是中國(guó)最著名的作家之一，他曾學(xué)過(guò)醫(yī)。（study）Lu Xun, who had studied medicine, was one of the most famous writers in China.19.這本珍貴的書(shū)在一個(gè)二手書(shū)店里被找到了，他的封面已經(jīng)脫落了。（missing）

This precious book, whose cover/ the cover of which is missing, was found in a second-hand bookstore.20.他們?cè)诤由辖俗緲?，用這個(gè)方法他媽呢就能到河對(duì)岸與那里的村名進(jìn)行貿(mào)易了。（trade）

21.they built a wooden bridge across the river, by which means they could go to the other side of the river and trade with the villagers there.