第一篇：室內(nèi)設(shè)計英語詞匯中英文翻譯

客 廳 Livingroom 臥 室 Bedroom 書 房 Study 閣 樓 Loft 樓 梯 Stair 樓梯間 Stir Well 玄 關(guān) Entrance 衛(wèi)生間 Bathromm 廚 房 Kitchen ground plan平面圖 floor, storey 層

ground floor 第一層(美作:first floor)flat 套(美作:apartment)stair well 樓梯間

lift shaft(美作:elevator shaft)fire escape 防火梯 staircase 樓梯

goods lift 公務(wù)電梯(美作:freight elevator)central heating 暖氣 ventilation shaft 通風(fēng)井 air conditioning 空調(diào) air-conditioned 帶空調(diào)的 flooring(一塊)地板 floorboard 地板(總稱)parquet 木條地板

herringbone parquet 人字形木條地板 tile 瓷磚 terrazzo 磨石子地 wall 墻

main wall 承重墻 partition wall 隔斷墻 plastering 抹灰 skirting board 壁腳板 to whitewash 粉刷 facade 建筑物正面 window 窗 basement 地下室 penthouse 遮檐,披屋 attic, garret 閣樓 kitchen 廚房 dining room 飯廳 living room 起居室 lounge 吸煙室,大廳 bathroom 浴室 toilet 衛(wèi)生間

chimney 煙囪 fireplace 壁爐 gutter 排水溝

drainpipe 雨水管,落水管 ceiling 天花板

flat roof, roof garden 屋頂平臺,屋頂花園 roof 屋瓦頂 tile, roof tile 瓦 sand 沙 cement 水泥 mortar 灰泥 plaster 石膏 concrete 混凝土

reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 鋼筋混凝土 gravel 碎石 brick 磚 slate 石板 marble 大理石 beam 梁,木梁 girder 鋼梁

corrugated iron 波狀鋼 timber 木料,木材 pipes 鋼管 wiring 電器設(shè)備 promoter 創(chuàng)辦人 architect 建筑師

quantity surveyor 施工技術(shù)員 draftsman 繪圖員

civil engineer 道路工程師 builder 建筑工人 foreman 工頭

master builder 營造商,建筑工程隊隊長(master)bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌磚工匠 hodman, hod carrier 小工 plasterer 抹灰工 welder 焊工 joiner 工匠 electrician 電工 glazier 玻璃工匠 plumber 管道技工 plumber's mate 管道工 painter, decorator 油漆工 crane driver 吊車司機方案 ：Design, Scheme 初步設(shè)計 ：Primary Design 施工圖 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能區(qū)

Light 燈具

Droplight 吊燈

吸頂燈

Entrance 入口

Living room 客廳

Sitting room 起居室

Embed light 嵌燈

Dinning room 餐廳

Daylight lamp 日光燈

Kitchen 廚房

Reflect down light 筒燈

Office 書房

Quartz down-light 石英燈

Master bedroom 主臥房

Votage track light 射燈

Quest bedroom 客臥

Track light 軌道燈

Children bedroom 兒童房

Picture light 鏡畫燈

Hiding light 暗藏?zé)艄?/p>

Projection room 視聽室

Dressing room 更衣室

Wall lamp 壁燈

Storeroom 儲藏室 Reading lamp 臺燈

Master bathroom 主衛(wèi)

Floor lamp 落地?zé)?/p>

Bathroom 衛(wèi)生間

Bathroom fixture 衛(wèi)生潔具Wash room 洗衣房

Staircase 樓梯

Washbowl 洗手臺[臺盆]

Aisle 過道

Water faucet 水龍頭

Closestool 座便器

Gazebe 陽臺

Urinal 小便斗

Garden 花園

Bathtab 浴缸

Swimming pool 游泳池

Shower bath 淋浴房

Furniture 家具

Wiring 電器設(shè)備

Cupboard 廚房櫥柜

Television 電視機

Drink box 酒柜

Sound box 音響

Bar 吧臺 Washer 洗衣機 Dinning table 餐桌 Bedstand 床頭柜 Bed 床 Bookcase 書柜

Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜 Electrical outlet 插座 Chest of drawers 藏衣柜 Switch 開關(guān) TV set 電視柜

Air-condition 空調(diào) Tea table 茶幾

Immersion heater 電熱水壺 Sofa 沙發(fā)

Electric cooker 電飯褒 Reclining chair 躺椅 Macrowave oven 微波爐 Chair 椅子 Refrigeratory 冰箱American interior design;美國室內(nèi)設(shè)計 American interior designer;美國室內(nèi)設(shè)計師 Residential design;私家住宅設(shè)計；

Villa design(single family home design);別墅設(shè)計； Office design;辦公室設(shè)計；

Commercial design;非住宅設(shè)計（商務(wù)樓設(shè)計；寫字樓設(shè)計；公共場所設(shè)計）Californian interior design;加州室內(nèi)設(shè)計 Californian interior designer;加州室內(nèi)設(shè)計師 Model home design;樣板房設(shè)計

Clubhouse interior design;會所室內(nèi)設(shè)計 American furniture design;美國家具設(shè)計 Foreign interior design;外國室內(nèi)設(shè)計 Foreign interior designer;外國室內(nèi)設(shè)計師 PLAN — 設(shè)計方案

Interior design – 室內(nèi)設(shè)計 Exterior 室外

Landscape design – 景觀設(shè)計 Architecture design – 建筑設(shè)計 designer – 設(shè)計師 baseplan – 基礎(chǔ)建筑圖 floor plan –平面圖

elevation-立面圖

RCP = 天花吊頂設(shè)計 = Reflected Ceiling Plan electric plan = 電線走線圖 furniture plan – 家具布置平面圖 interior plant plan – 室內(nèi)植物擺放圖 window schedule – 窗表 door schedule – 門表 美 國室內(nèi)設(shè)計有兩種合同：一種叫做specification，就是只設(shè)計，不負(fù)責(zé)采購室內(nèi)陳設(shè)；另外一種是turnkey，字面意思就是交鑰 匙，設(shè)計師負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計同時也負(fù)責(zé)采購室內(nèi)全部用品用具，包括家具、擺設(shè)、藝術(shù)皮、畫、床上用品、地毯等。后者主要是有錢人家采用的方式比較多，這樣才能保證質(zhì)量。因為設(shè)計師更能貫徹自己的設(shè)計理念，保證采購回來的東西風(fēng)格統(tǒng)一并且由于設(shè)計師采購的價格是批發(fā)價，所以實際上主人并不需要多付錢。Chair Rail – 擋椅線 也可以叫做腰線 Picture rair – 掛鏡線 Baseboard – 踢腳 TUB = 浴缸

MILL WORK PULL = 櫥柜門拉手 TOWEL RACK = 毛巾架

AREA RUG 裝飾地毯（塊）CARPET 地毯（滿鋪房間）CORBEL 整梁 承材 COAT HOOK 掛衣架

CROWN MOULDING 天花線條 COFFER 藻井

CERAMIC TILE CLADDING 包覆瓷磚 COUNTER 臺面

DOOR PULL 門拉手

DOUBLE PASSAGE DOOR 雙門 DRAWER PULL 抽屜拉手

EXTERIOR TILE FLOORING 室外地磚 FAUCET 龍頭

FLUSH MOUNT LIGHTING 吸頂燈 GROUT 勾縫劑 HINGE 合頁 LOCKERS 鎖

LAMINATE 復(fù)合板臺面 LIGHTING FIXTURE 燈具 LAVATORY / SINK 水盆 MEDALLION 地板拼花 MIRROR 鏡子

PAINT-WALLS 墻漆

CEILING PAINT 天花板乳膠漆 PARTITION 隔板 屏風(fēng) PLASTER MOULDING 石膏線 客 廳 Livingroom 臥 室 Bedroom 書 房 Study 閣 樓 Loft 樓 梯 Stair

RECESSED LIGHT 嵌燈 埋地?zé)?/p>

RECESSED LIGHT IN CABINET 櫥柜嵌燈 STONE SLAB 石板

SOAP DISPENSER 肥皂盒 SEMI FLUSH MOUNT 半吸頂燈

SHOWER HEAD AND HANDLES 淋浴蓮蓬頭和把手 SHOWER SOAP DISPENSER 淋浴間肥皂盒 SINGLE PASSAGE DOOR 單門

STACKED STONE CLADDING 文化石包覆 STONE TILE-WALLS 墻面石材 WOOD STAIN 木染色劑 STAIN – 著色

WOOD TRUSS – 木桁梁 STONE BASEBOARD 石材踢腳 STONE CROWN 石材裝飾線

STEP/RISER LIGHT 樓梯踏步燈 TOWEL BAR 毛巾桿

TOILET SEAT COVERS 座便器坐墊 TILE FLOORING 瓷磚地板 TONGUE AND GROOVE 拼裝 TOWEL HOOK 毛巾架 THRESHOLD 門檻

TOILET PAPER HOLDER 卷筒紙架 TRASH RECEPTACLE 廢料桶 垃圾桶 URINAL 小便器 VENEER 面板

VENETIAN PLASTER 威尼斯石膏

VENETIAN PLASTER-CEILING 威尼斯石膏 – 天花板 WATER CLOSET/TOILET 廁所

APPLIED WOOD MOULDING 粘貼木線 WOOD BEAM 木梁

WOOD CLADDING-WALLS 木板包覆 WOOD FLOORING 木地板 WOOD PARTITON 木隔板 WROUGHT IRON 鐵藝 WALL MURAL 壁畫 WALL SCONCE 壁燈 樓梯間 Stir Well 玄 關(guān) Entrance 衛(wèi)生間 Bathromm 廚 房 Kitchen ground plan平面圖 floor, storey 層

ground floor 第一層(美作:first floor)flat 套(美作:apartment)stair well 樓梯間

lift shaft(美作:elevator shaft)fire escape 防火梯 staircase 樓梯

goods lift 公務(wù)電梯(美作:freight elevator)central heating 暖氣 ventilation shaft 通風(fēng)井 air conditioning 空調(diào) air-conditioned 帶空調(diào)的 flooring(一塊)地板 floorboard 地板(總稱)parquet 木條地板

herringbone parquet 人字形木條地板 tile 瓷磚 terrazzo 磨石子地 wall 墻

main wall 承重墻 partition wall 隔斷墻 plastering 抹灰 skirting board 壁腳板 to whitewash 粉刷 facade 建筑物正面 window 窗 basement 地下室 penthouse 遮檐,披屋 attic, garret 閣樓 kitchen 廚房 dining room 飯廳 living room 起居室 lounge 吸煙室,大廳 bathroom 浴室 toilet 衛(wèi)生間 chimney 煙囪 fireplace 壁爐 gutter 排水溝

drainpipe 雨水管,落水管 ceiling 天花板

方案 ：Design, Scheme 初步設(shè)計 ：Primary Design 施工圖 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能區(qū)

flat roof, roof garden 屋頂平臺,屋頂花園 roof 屋瓦頂 tile, roof tile 瓦 sand 沙 cement 水泥 mortar 灰泥 plaster 石膏 concrete 混凝土

reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 鋼筋混凝土 gravel 碎石 brick 磚 slate 石板 marble 大理石 beam 梁,木梁 girder 鋼梁

corrugated iron 波狀鋼 timber 木料,木材 pipes 鋼管 wiring 電器設(shè)備 promoter 創(chuàng)辦人 architect 建筑師

quantity surveyor 施工技術(shù)員 draftsman 繪圖員

civil engineer 道路工程師 builder 建筑工人 foreman 工頭

master builder 營造商,建筑工程隊隊長(master)bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌磚工匠 hodman, hod carrier 小工 plasterer 抹灰工 welder 焊工 joiner 工匠 electrician 電工 glazier 玻璃工匠 plumber 管道技工 plumber's mate 管道工 painter, decorator 油漆工 crane driver 吊車司機Light 燈具 Droplight 吊燈

吸頂燈 Entrance 入口 Living room 客廳 Sitting room 起居室 Embed light 嵌燈 Dinning room 餐廳 Daylight lamp 日光燈 Kitchen 廚房

Reflect down light 筒燈 Office 書房

Quartz down-light 石英燈 Master bedroom 主臥房 Votage track light 射燈 Quest bedroom 客臥 Track light 軌道燈 Children bedroom 兒童房 Picture light 鏡畫燈 Hiding light 暗藏?zé)艄?Projection room 視聽室 Dressing room 更衣室 Wall lamp 壁燈 Storeroom 儲藏室 Reading lamp 臺燈 Master bathroom 主衛(wèi) Floor lamp 落地?zé)?Bathroom 衛(wèi)生間

Bathroom fixture 衛(wèi)生潔具Wash room 洗衣房

Staircase 樓梯 Washbowl 洗手臺[臺盆] Aisle 過道

Water faucet 水龍頭 Closestool 座便器 Gazebe 陽臺 Urinal 小便斗 Garden 花園 Bathtab 浴缸 Swimming pool 游泳池 Shower bath 淋浴房 Furniture 家具 Wiring 電器設(shè)備 Cupboard 廚房櫥柜 Television 電視機 Drink box 酒柜 Sound box 音響 Bar 吧臺 Washer 洗衣機 Dinning table 餐桌 Bedstand 床頭柜 Bed 床 Bookcase 書柜

Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜Electrical outlet 插座 Chest of drawers 藏衣柜 Switch 開關(guān) TV set 電視柜 Air-condition 空調(diào) Tea table 茶幾

Immersion heater 電熱水壺 Sofa 沙發(fā)

Electric cooker 電飯褒 Reclining chair 躺椅 Macrowave oven 微波爐 Chair 椅子 Refrigeratory 冰箱

第二篇：室內(nèi)設(shè)計英語詞匯

1]Fuction Entrance Living room Sitting room Dinning room Kitchen Office Master bedroom Quest bedroom Children bedroom Projection room Dressing room Storeroom Master bathroom Bathroom Wash room Staircase Aisle Gazebe Garden Swimming pool

[2]Furniture Cupboard Drink box Bar Dinning table Chair Reclining chair Sofa Tea table TV set Chest of drawers Chest of drawers Bookcase [1]功能區(qū) 入口 客廳 起居室 餐廳 廚房 書房 主臥房 客臥 兒童房 視聽室 更衣室 儲藏室 主衛(wèi) 衛(wèi)生間 洗衣房 樓梯 過道 陽臺 花園 游泳池

[2]家具 廚房櫥柜 酒柜 吧臺 餐桌 椅子 躺椅 沙發(fā) 茶幾 電視柜 藏衣柜 五斗矮柜 書柜

Bedstand [3]Light Droplight

Embed light Daylight lamp Reflect down light Quartz down-light Votage track light Track light Picture light Hiding light Wall lamp Reading lamp Floor lamp

[4]Bathroom fixture Washbowl Water faucet Closestool Urinal Bathtab Shower bath [5]Wiring Television Sound box Washer Refrigeratory Macrowave oven Electric cooker Immersion heater Air-condition Switch Electrical outlet

床頭柜 [3]燈具 吊燈 吸頂燈 嵌燈 日光燈 筒燈 石英燈 射燈 軌道燈 鏡畫燈 暗藏?zé)艄?壁燈 臺燈 落地?zé)?/p>

[4]衛(wèi)生潔具 洗手臺[臺盆] 水龍頭 座便器 小便斗 浴缸 淋浴房

[4]電器設(shè)備 電視機 音響 洗衣機 冰箱 微波爐 電飯褒 電熱水壺 空調(diào) 開關(guān) 插座 Walking Closet 衣帽間ssss客 廳 Livingroom 臥 室 Bedroom 書 房 Study 閣 樓 Loft 樓 梯 Stair 樓梯間 Stir Well 玄 關(guān) Entrance 衛(wèi)生間 Bathromm 廚 房 Kitchen ground plan平面圖 floor, storey 層

ground floor 第一層(美作:first floor)flat 套(美作:apartment)stair well 樓梯間

lift shaft(美作:elevator shaft)fire escape 防火梯 staircase 樓梯

goods lift 公務(wù)電梯(美作:freight elevator)central heating 暖氣 ventilation shaft 通風(fēng)井 air conditioning 空調(diào) air-conditioned 帶空調(diào)的 flooring(一塊)地板 floorboard 地板(總稱)parquet 木條地板

herringbone parquet 人字形木條地板 tile 瓷磚 terrazzo 磨石子地 wall 墻

main wall 承重墻 partition wall 隔斷墻 plastering 抹灰 skirting board 壁腳板 to whitewash 粉刷 facade 建筑物正面 window 窗 basement 地下室 penthouse 遮檐,披屋 attic, garret 閣樓 kitchen 廚房 dining room 飯廳 living room 起居室 lounge 吸煙室,大廳 bathroom 浴室 toilet 衛(wèi)生間

chimney 煙囪 fireplace 壁爐 gutter 排水溝

drainpipe 雨水管,落水管 ceiling 天花板

flat roof, roof garden 屋頂平臺,屋頂花園 roof 屋瓦頂 tile, roof tile 瓦 sand 沙 cement 水泥 mortar 灰泥 plaster 石膏 concrete 混凝土

reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 鋼筋混凝土gravel 碎石 brick 磚 slate 石板 marble 大理石 beam 梁,木梁 girder 鋼梁

corrugated iron 波狀鋼 timber 木料,木材 pipes 鋼管 wiring 電器設(shè)備 promoter 創(chuàng)辦人 architect 建筑師

quantity surveyor 施工技術(shù)員 draftsman 繪圖員 civil engineer 道路工程師 builder 建筑工人 foreman 工頭

master builder 營造商,建筑工程隊隊長(master)bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌磚工匠 hodman, hod carrier 小工 plasterer 抹灰工 welder 焊工 joiner 工匠 electrician 電工 glazier 玻璃工匠 plumber 管道技工 plumber's mate 管道工 painter, decorator 油漆工

crane driver 吊車司機 方案 ：Design, Scheme 初步設(shè)計 ：Primary Design 施工圖 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能區(qū) Light 燈具 Droplight 吊燈

吸頂燈 Entrance 入口 Living room 客廳 Sitting room 起居室 Embed light 嵌燈 Dinning room 餐廳 Daylight lamp 日光燈 Kitchen 廚房

Reflect down light 筒燈 Office 書房

Quartz down-light 石英燈 Master bedroom 主臥房 Votage track light 射燈 Quest bedroom 客臥 Track light 軌道燈 Children bedroom 兒童房 Picture light 鏡畫燈 Hiding light 暗藏?zé)艄?Projection room 視聽室 Dressing room 更衣室 Wall lamp 壁燈 Storeroom 儲藏室 Reading lamp 臺燈 Master bathroom 主衛(wèi) Floor lamp 落地?zé)?Bathroom 衛(wèi)生間 Bathroom fixture 衛(wèi)生潔具 Wash room 洗衣房 Staircase 樓梯

Washbowl 洗手臺[臺盆]

American interior design;美國室內(nèi)設(shè)計 American interior designer;美國室內(nèi)設(shè)計師 Residential design;私家住宅設(shè)計；

Villa design(single family home design);別墅設(shè)計； Office design;辦公室設(shè)計；

Aisle 過道

Water faucet 水龍頭 Closestool 座便器 Gazebe 陽臺 Urinal 小便斗 Garden 花園 Bathtab 浴缸

Swimming pool 游泳池 Shower bath 淋浴房 Furniture 家具 Wiring 電器設(shè)備 Cupboard 廚房櫥柜 Television 電視機 Drink box 酒柜 Sound box 音響 Bar 吧臺 Washer 洗衣機 Dinning table 餐桌 Bedstand 床頭柜 Bed 床 Bookcase 書柜

Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜 Electrical outlet 插座 Chest of drawers 藏衣柜 Switch 開關(guān) TV set 電視柜 Air-condition 空調(diào) Tea table 茶幾

Immersion heater 電熱水壺 Sofa 沙發(fā)

Electric cooker 電飯褒 Reclining chair 躺椅 Macrowave oven 微波爐 Chair 椅子 Refrigeratory 冰Commercial design;非住宅設(shè)計（商務(wù)樓設(shè)計；寫字樓設(shè)計；公共場所設(shè)計）Californian interior design;加州室內(nèi)設(shè)計 Californian interior designer;加州室內(nèi)設(shè)計師 Model home design;樣板房設(shè)計 Clubhouse interior design;會所室內(nèi)設(shè)計 American furniture design;美國家具設(shè)計 Foreign interior design;外國室內(nèi)設(shè)計 Foreign interior designer;外國室內(nèi)設(shè)計師 PLAN — 設(shè)計方案 Interior design – 室內(nèi)設(shè)計 Exterior 室外

Landscape design – 景觀設(shè)計 Architecture design – 建筑設(shè)計 designer – 設(shè)計師 baseplan – 基礎(chǔ)建筑圖 floor plan –平面圖

美 國室內(nèi)設(shè)計有兩種合同：一種叫做specification，就是只設(shè)計，不負(fù)責(zé)采購室內(nèi)陳設(shè)；另外一種是turnkey，字面意思就是交鑰 匙，設(shè)計師負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計同時也負(fù)責(zé)采購室內(nèi)全部用品用具，包括家具、擺設(shè)、藝術(shù)皮、畫、床上用品、地毯等。后者主要是有錢人家采用的方式比較多，這樣才能保證質(zhì)量。因為設(shè)計師更能貫徹自己的設(shè)計理念，保證采購回來的東西風(fēng)格統(tǒng)一并且由于設(shè)計師采購的價格是批發(fā)價，所以實際上主人并不需要多付錢。Chair Rail – 擋椅線 也可以叫做腰線 Picture rair – 掛鏡線 Baseboard – 踢腳 TUB = 浴缸

MILL WORK PULL = 櫥柜門拉手 TOWEL RACK = 毛巾架 AREA RUG 裝飾地毯（塊）CARPET 地毯（滿鋪房間）CORBEL 整梁 承材 COAT HOOK 掛衣架

CROWN MOULDING 天花線條 COFFER 藻井

CERAMIC TILE CLADDING 包覆瓷磚

COUNTER 臺面 DOOR PULL 門拉手 DOUBLE PASSAGE DOOR 雙門 DRAWER PULL 抽屜拉手

EXTERIOR TILE FLOORING 室外地磚 FAUCET 龍頭

FLUSH MOUNT LIGHTING 吸頂燈 GROUT 勾縫劑 HINGE 合頁 LOCKERS 鎖

LAMINATE 復(fù)合板臺面 LIGHTING FIXTURE 燈具 LAVATORY / SINK 水盆 MEDALLION 地板拼花 MIRROR 鏡子 PAINT-WALLS 墻漆

CEILING PAINT 天花板乳膠漆 PARTITION 隔板 屏風(fēng) PLASTER MOULDING 石膏線 RECESSED LIGHT 嵌燈 埋地?zé)?RECESSED LIGHT IN CABINET 櫥柜嵌燈 STONE SLAB 石板 SOAP DISPENSER 肥皂盒 SEMI FLUSH MOUNT 半吸頂燈

SHOWER HEAD AND HANDLES 淋浴蓮蓬頭和把手 SHOWER SOAP DISPENSER 淋浴間肥皂盒 SINGLE PASSAGE DOOR 單門

STACKED STONE CLADDING 文化石包覆 STONE TILE-WALLS 墻面石材 WOOD STAIN 木染色劑 STAIN – 著色

WOOD TRUSS – 木桁梁

STONE BASEBOARD 石材踢腳 STONE CROWN 石材裝飾線 STEP/RISER LIGHT 樓梯踏步燈 TOWEL BAR 毛巾桿

TOILET SEAT COVERS 座便器坐墊 TILE FLOORING 瓷磚地板 TONGUE AND GROOVE 拼裝 TOWEL HOOK 毛巾架 THRESHOLD 門檻

TOILET PAPER HOLDER 卷筒紙架 TRASH RECEPTACLE 廢料桶 垃圾桶 URINAL 小便器 VENEER 面板 elevation-立面圖

RCP = 天花吊頂設(shè)計 = Reflected Ceiling Plan electric plan = 電線走線圖 furniture plan – 家具布置平面圖 interior plant plan – 室內(nèi)植物擺放圖 window schedule – 窗表 door schedule – 門表 VENETIAN PLASTER 威尼斯石膏

VENETIAN PLASTER-CEILING 威尼斯石膏 – 天花板 WATER CLOSET/TOILET 廁所

APPLIED WOOD MOULDING 粘貼木線 WOOD BEAM 木梁

WOOD CLADDING-WALLS 木板包覆 設(shè)計英語常用詞匯 enclosure 圍欄 void 空間，虛體 edifice 大廈，體系 aisle 走廊

nave（教堂）的正廳 chapel 教堂 cathedral 大教堂 balustrade 欄桿 colonnade 柱廊 ornament 裝飾 tensile 空的

房子,住宅 house Haus

室內(nèi)裝飾 interior Inneneinrichtung 家具 furniture M(o)bel 墻壁 wall Wand 窗戶 window Fenster 門 door T(u)r 地板 floor Boden 天花板 ceiling Decke 窗簾 curtain Gardine 地毯 carpet Teppich 桌子 table Tisch 書桌 desk Schreibtisch 照明,燈飾 lighting Beleuchtung 餐廳 dining room Esszimmer 臥室 bedroom Schlafzimmer

起居室,客廳 living room Wohnzimmer 浴室bathroom Badezimmer 浴缸 bathtub Badewanne 淋浴 shower Dusche 洗手間 restroom Toiletten 椅子chair Sitzmobel 扶手椅 armchair Sessel 單人靠椅(或沙發(fā))chair Stuhl

雙人靠椅(或沙發(fā))love seat,settee Zweisitzer 三人靠椅(或沙發(fā))sofa Sofa 墊腳凳 ottoman Ottomane/Sofa 板凳,凳子 stool Hocker 長條椅 bench Bank

WOOD FLOORING 木地板 WOOD PARTITON 木隔板 WROUGHT IRON 鐵藝 WALL MURAL 壁畫 WALL SCONCE 壁燈

housing 住房 quarters 住宅

neighborhood 住宅小區(qū) single-family 獨戶的 hallway 門廳 tenenment 住房 terrace 露臺 wing 廂房 hip 屋脊 balcony 陽臺

安樂椅 easy chair Lehnstuhl,Klubsessel 睡椅,沙發(fā)床 lounge chair,couch Chaiselongue 折疊椅 stacking chair Stapelbarer stuhl 裝軟墊的沙發(fā) upholstery Polsterm(o)bel 鞣制皮革 tanned leather Leder 人造皮革 synthetic leather Kunstleder 椅套 covering Bezug

椅背靠檔 spindle Stab,Pfosten

椅背靠板 splat,backpanel R(u)ckenlehne 椅座 seat Sitz 側(cè)拉檔 stretcher Steg 椅腿 leg Stuhlbein

收藏用家具 storage furniture Kastenm(o)bel 衣櫥 wardrobe Kleiderschrank 碗櫥 cupboard K(u)chenschrank 書架 bookshelf B(u)cherregal

陳設(shè)架或柜 whatnot,curio Vitrine f(u)r ziergegenst(a)nde 餐具柜 sideboard Sidebord

組合家具 modular furniture Systemm(o)bel(組家的)基本單元 basic unit Grundelement 拆裝式,組裝式 knockdown M(o)bel zum zusammenbauen

擱板,層板 shelf board Regalbrett

底板 bottom board Sockelplatte,Bodenbrett 頂板 top board Obere Abdeckplatte 固定擱板 fixed shelf Boden,Regalboden 活動擱板 removable shelf Einlegeboden 底座 base Sockelplatte

固定式(嵌入式)家具 built-in Einbau-...推拉門 sliding door Schiebet(u)r

折疊式雙開門 double swinging door T(u)relement(mit 2 T(U)ren)

折疊式單開門 single swinging door T(u)relement(mit 1 T(u)r

模數(shù) module Modul 尺寸(成品)size Gr(o)sse

尺寸(部件)dimension Abmessungen 背板 back panel R(u)ckwand 旁板,側(cè)板 side panel Seitenwange 配件,附件 accessory Zubeh(o)r 插手 knob Knopf 拉手 handle,catch Griff 部件 components Einzelteile

垂直框架 vertical frame senkrechter Rahmen 水平框架 horizontal frame waagerechter Rahmen 床 bed Schlafraumm(o)bel 單人床 single bed Einzelbett 雙人床 double bed Doppellbett 嬰兒床 baby bed Kinderbett 折疊床 folding bed Klappbett 彈簧 spring Feder 床頭板 headboard Kopfteil 床尾板 footboard Fu(b)teil 床架 frame Bettrahmen 彈簧床墊 bedstead Matratze 床單 bedspread Tagesdecke 蓋被 comforter Bettdecke 床墊 bedpad Steppdecke 枕頭 pillow Kopfkissen 被單 flat sheets Bettlaken

包被單 fitted sheets Spannbettlaken 整體廚房 system kitchen Einbauk(u)chen 廚房 kitchen K(u)che

臺面面板 worktop Arbeitsplatte,Anrichte 吸排油煙機 ventilator Dunstabzugshaube 吊柜 hanging cabinet H(a)ngeschrank 水槽 sink Sp(u)le

水龍頭 faucet Wasserhahn 臺面 worktop Arbeitsplatte 冰箱 refrigerator K(u)hlschrank 洗碗機 dishwasher Sp(u)lmaschine 烤箱 oven Backofen

印刷膠合板 printed plywood Furnier(gute Qualit(a)t)

煤氣灶 kitchen stove Herd

微波爐 microwave oven Mikrowellenherd 面板 panel Oberfl(a)cheupanlele 實木 solid wood Massivholz 多層板 laminated panel Laminat 油漆板 lacquered wood lackiertes Holz 三聚氰胺(防火板)meramin board Melamin 材料 material Materiallen 木 wood Holz 藤 rattan Rattan 竹 bamboo Bambus 軟木 cork Kork

紙繩 papercord Papierband 橡膠 rubber Gummi 鋁 aluminum Aluminlum 鋼鐵 steel Stahl 大理石 marble Marmor granite [graenit]n.花崗巖

PU發(fā)泡材 polyurethane foam Urethan-Schaum 玻璃 glass Glas 鏡子 mirror Spiegel

刨花板 particle board Spanplatte 平滑 smooth glatt 粗糙 jagged zackig,gekerbt 粗制rough rau 精制 fine fein 光亮 shiny gl(a)nzend 閃亮,晶亮 glaring grell 硬,挺 stiff steif

透明的 transparent durchsichtig 半透明的 translucent durchscheinend 波浪狀,有波紋的 corrugated gewellt 排骨狀,凹凸不平的 ribbed gerippt 木材(泛指)wood Holz 原木 timber Bauholz,Nutzholz 制材,成材 lumber bauholz,Nutzholz 闊葉材 hard wood Hartes Holz 針葉材 soft wood Weiches Holz 樹皮 bark Rinde

飾面板 sliced veneer Furnier(gute Qualit(a)t)實木 solid wood Massivholz 集成材 laminted wood Laminat 膠合板 plywood Sperrholz

單板 veneer Furnier

成型膠合板 shaped plywwod Verformtes sperrholz(木紋)直紋 straight grain Gerade,strarke Maserung(木紋)平紋 flat grain schlichte Masserung 彎曲木 bentwood Biegholz

人工干燥 kyln drying k(u)nstliche Trocknung 天然干燥 natural drying nat(u)rliche Troknung 特級木 grade timber hochwertiges(seltenes)Holz 木材紋理 grain,morie Maserung,moire 樹木種類 kinds of tree Holzarten

涂裝和粘接 painting & adhesive Farbe und Kleber

橡木 Japanese oak Eiche 白樺木 birch Birke 松木 pine Kiefer 雪松木 ceder Zeder 冷杉,樅木 fir Tanne 楓木 maple Ahorn 柚木 teak Teak

桃花心木 mahogany Mahagoni 山核桃木 hickory Hickorynussbaum

(丙烯酸)樹脂乳膠涂料 acrylic emulsion paint Acryllackoberfl(a)che(醇酸)樹脂涂料 alkyd paint Acryaharzoberfl(a)che

(聚胺脂)樹脂涂料 polyurethan paint Polyurethhanlack-Oberfl(a)che(環(huán)氧)樹脂涂料 epoxy paint Epoxydharzbeschichtete-Oberfl(a)che 丙烯酸硅涂料 acrylic silicon paint Silicon-acryl Oberfl(a)che 含氟樹脂涂料 fluoride paint fluorid-Farbe 透明著色加工 clear tint finish Klarlackoberfl(a)che 上油加工 oil stain geolte Oberfl(a)che 瓷漆(面涂)enamel finish Emailoberfl(a)che 罩光(面涂)varnish finish Klarlack 清漆(面涂)lacquer lackierte Oberfl(a)che 日本產(chǎn)天然漆 Japanese lacquer japanichser Lack 消光 matt Matt 上光 gloss glatt

鏡面拋光加工 mirror gloss finish poliert 烤漆(面涂)backed-on finish UV-geh(a)rtet UV漆飾(光固化漆)UV coat UV-beschichtet 模擬(木紋)涂飾 faux finish tromp l'oeuil 底涂 undercoat Grundierung 面涂 surface Oberfl(a)che

合成橡膠類粘接劑 synthetic rubber glue Kautschukkleber 酚醛樹脂粘接劑 phenol resin adhesive Phenolharz

揮發(fā)性有機化合物 volatile organic chemical compound fl(u)chtige organisch-chemische-Verbindung 家具五金 hardware for furniture Beschl(a)ge 合頁 rolled hinge gerolltes Scharnier 仿古合頁 antique hinge Antikscharnier 暗鉸鏈 concealed hinge Schiebeband 門頭鉸 pivot hinge Zapfenband 撐(拉)桿 stay Klappenhalter

磁碰,門吸 magnetic catch Magnetschnapper 腳輪 caster Rollen

桌腳 table bases Tischgestelle

抽屜滑軌 drawer rail schubladenf(u)hrung 擱板銷 shelf support,dowel D(u)bel 螺釘 screw schraube

在展覽會場 at the fair, auf der Messe 展覽會 trade fair Messe 入口 entrance Eingang 出口 exit Ausgang 館 pavilion Pavilion

展覽會場 exhibition hall Halle 入場費 admission fee Eintrittsgeb(u)hr 入場券,門票 admission ticket Eintrittskarte 會期 date,period Dauer

展覽時間 exhibition hours(O)ffnungszeiten 會場指示圖 exhibition floor plan Hallenplan

服務(wù)臺 information Information 洗手間 restroom Toilett水性 water-based auf Wasserbasis 油性 oil-based auf(O)lbasis 水溶性 water-soluble Wasserl(o)slich 甲醛 formaldehyde Formaldehyd 動物膠 orqanic glue organischer Lein 尿醛樹脂 urea resin Harnstoffharz 白乳膠 acetic acid resin Essigs(a)ureharz 樹脂 resin Harz

AAdjustable bed 可調(diào)床 Air bed 氣床

Anti-slip strip for stairs（兒童床）防滑樓梯打擊扶手 Antique furniture 古式家具

Antique reproduction furniture 仿古家具 Armchair 扶手椅

BBaby crib 嬰兒床

Backless wall-unit 不設(shè)背板的壁櫥 Bamboo furniture 竹家具 Banqueting chair 宴會椅 Barstool 吧椅

Bathroom accessories 浴室配套裝置 Bathroom combination 浴室組合柜 Bathroom consoles 浴室多用架 Bathroom furniture 浴室家具 Bathroom vanity 浴室盥洗臺 Batten door 板條門 Bed base床架，床套

Bed base set 成套床架

Bedroom suite 臥室系列家具 Bedstead 床架

Bentwood furniture 曲木家具 Beside table 床頭柜 Birch door 樺木門

Board-room and conference table 會議桌 Bookcase 書柜 Bookshelf 書架

Built-in kitchen 配套廚房家具 Bunk 雙層床 Bunk bed 雙層床

CCabin bed 兒童多功能床

Cabin furniture for ships 船用家具 Canopy bed 帶天篷的床，四柱床

CD-video storage cabinet邊 音響組合柜 Chair with castors 腳輪椅 Changing table 可調(diào)桌 Chest of drawers 多屜櫥柜 Child cot 童床

Children’s bed 兒童床

Children’s bedroom suite 兒童臥房系列家具

Children’s chair 兒童椅

CKD(complete knock down)整體拆裝式家具 Clothes rail 掛衣桿

Cocktail cabinet 吧柜，酒柜 Cocktail table 雞尾酒桌 Coffee table 茶幾，咖啡桌 Combine-unit 組合柜

Composite furniture 復(fù)合家具 Console 小桌

Console table（裝在墻上的）蝸形腿臺桌 Contract furniture 訂做家具，承建家具 Contract programmes 訂做家具 Corner sofa suite 拐角扶桿 Cot 童床（嬰兒床）Couch 長沙發(fā)椅 Cupboard 櫥柜

Cupboard wall unit for flat 套房衣柜 Curtain 窗簾，掛簾

Customized furniture 訂做家具

3-section mirror 三面梳妝鏡 Adjustable bed 可調(diào)床 Air bed 氣床

altar 供桌((教堂內(nèi)的)圣壇,祭壇;(基督教教堂內(nèi)的)圣餐臺)

ancient folding chair 高背椅

Anti-slip strip for stairs 樓梯防滑條

armchair 扶手椅；高背椅；帆布椅；單人沙發(fā) armoire 雕飾衣柜(裝潢精美之大衣柜)baby chair 嬰兒座椅 crib 嬰兒床

crib tent 有帳嬰兒床

Backless wall-unit 不設(shè)背板的壁櫥 back-rest chair 可翻動椅

banquet/banqueting chair 宴會椅 banquet/banqueting table 宴會桌 bar stool 吧椅；酒吧高腳凳

Bathroom combination 浴室組合柜 Bathroom consoles 浴室多用架 Bathroom vanity 浴室盥洗臺

beauty(/dressing)case 女用化裝箱

bed 床

bedside screen 床邊屏風(fēng)

bedside table;night table;bedside cupboard;beside table;nightstand 床頭柜 bench 長凳（條凳）Board-room table 會議桌

boisseries（具西方古典風(fēng)格的家具<柜子？>，可放電視機、書和裝飾陳列品等）bookcase 書櫥、書架 Bookshelf 書架 bookslide 活動書架

built-in cupboard(/cabinet)壁櫥/壁柜

Bunk(車、船等倚壁而設(shè)常有上、下鋪的)架式床鋪,鋪位Bunk bed 兩張或三張單人床疊架設(shè)置,通常有扶梯 bureau 五斗柜/五斗櫥 bureau with mirror 有鏡衣柜；五斗柜；梳妝臺（美）；寫字臺,書桌（英）

Cabin bed 兒童多功能床

Cabin furniture for ships 船用家具 cabinet for cleaning-tools 清掃用具柜 camp bed(/cot)行軍床；帆布床 Canopy bed 帶天篷的床，四柱床 car bed 可攜式童床

CD-video storage cabinet 音響組合柜 chair 椅子（通常指單人用的）chair bed 坐臥兩用椅 Chair with castors 腳輪椅 Changing table 嬰兒床 chess table 下棋桌

chest of drawers 五斗柜；衣柜（美）；（通常是木制的、有蓋的、帶鎖的、通常會包上鐵皮的）旅行/儲物柜（在網(wǎng)上看到的解釋）

chiffoniers（高高的帶鏡子的）五斗櫥（美）；（上置餐具柜的可移動的）食品柜 Child cot 童床

china cabinet 瓷器櫥 closet 壁櫥;碗櫥;衣櫥 closet on chest 雙層櫥

clothes closet;wardrobe;hanging cupboard 立柜 clothes press 衣柜/衣櫥 clothes tree 柱式衣帽架 Cocktail cabinet 吧柜，酒柜 Cocktail table 雞尾酒桌

Coffee table 茶幾；咖啡桌（配沙發(fā)用）Combine-unit 組合柜

commode 衣柜;櫥;洗臉臺；室內(nèi)便器 conference table 會議桌

console 小桌（可放裝飾品等<網(wǎng)上的圖片>）；（電腦的）操作桌；（收音機等的）落地柜 Console table 桌案 corner cabinet 壁角櫥 Corner sofa suite 拐角扶桿 Cot 童床（嬰兒床）；輕便床；窄床；帆布床 couch 長沙發(fā)；睡椅 cradle 搖籃

crib;baby's crib 兒童床

cupboard 碗柜；櫥柜；壁柜

Cupboard wall unit for flat 套房衣柜 curios cabinet 古玩柜

deck(/sling/reclining)chair 躺椅 desk 辦公桌；書桌 desk chair 辦公椅 dining chair 餐椅 Dining table 餐桌 dining(dinner)table 餐桌 display cupboard 擺飾櫥 divan 長沙發(fā)椅；沙發(fā)床 double bed 雙人床 double chair 雙人椅

Double function sofa-bed 雙人沙發(fā)床 Double sided mirror 雙面鏡 Double-bed 雙人床

double-deck(/bunk/double-decker)bed 雙層床 Draughtsman chair 吧椅 drawing table 活面餐桌 dressing stool 梳妝凳

dressing(/toilet)table 梳妝臺/桌 drinks cupboard 飲料櫥 drop leaf table 方圓兩用桌

easy(/comfort/reclining)chair 安樂椅

Eight Immortals table(for eight peole)八仙桌 end table 有抽屜茶幾

entertainment center 電視、音響、陳列柜 file cabinet 檔案柜

Filing cabinet 文件柜；公文柜 filing drawer 分隔用抽屜 Fireplace 壁爐

fitted cupboards（尺寸合適的櫥柜？）Flower stand 花架 folding bed 折疊床 Folding chair 折疊椅

folding screen 圍屏；折疊屏風(fēng) folding stool 折疊凳

folding(/collapsible)chair 折疊椅 folding(/gate-legged)table 折疊桌 footrest 擱腳凳

Foot-stool 踏腳凳；杌凳；腳踏 four-drawer desk 四屜桌

French cabinet 法式彎腳桌椅 Function sofa 多功能沙發(fā)椅 Game table 游戲桌

glass and wood cabinet 玻璃柜 Glass cabinet/case 玻璃陳設(shè)柜 glass table 玻璃桌 glider table 滑動桌 hammock 吊床

hammock chair 帆布躺椅 Hat and coat stand 衣帽架 hat rack(stand)衣帽架 hat tree 立式衣帽架 Headboard 床頭（板）headrest 頭靠 headstock 床頭箱 HI-FI, TV, computer furniture 音響（高傳真的）、電視、電腦家具

High bed 兒童高腳床（不帶屜柜）High chair 高腳椅

Highback executive chair 高背辦公椅 high-backed chair 扶手轉(zhuǎn)椅 hutch 儲藏箱、柜 jewel case 枕頭箱

Junior desk chair 學(xué)生書桌椅 kang table 炕桌 king size bed 特大床 Kitchen cabinet 餐具柜

Kitchen chair, stool and bench 廚房椅、圓凳及條椅 Kitchen fitment 廚房固定家具 Kitchen table 廚房餐桌 Lamp table 燈桌 Link chair 寫字板椅 Locker 衣帽柜

long narrow table 條案 long table 長形桌 lounge 躺椅；臥榻

Louvered door 百葉窗柜門 love seat 鴛鴦椅;雙人椅 low stool 矮凳

Lowback executive chair 低背辦公椅 Lowback guest chair 低背來賓椅 Lowback visitor chair 低背接待椅 luggage case 一般行李箱

Magazine and Newspaper Shelving 報刊雜志架 Managerial mediumback chair 中背經(jīng)理椅 medicine cupboard 醫(yī)藥櫥

Mediumback executive chair 中背辦公椅 Mirror door 玻璃門

Mirror for chest of drawers 多屜柜梳妝鏡 mobile case 有輪行李箱 Morris chair(沙發(fā)椅)Multi-purpose sofa 多用沙發(fā) Multi-purpose table 多用桌 musical stool 琴凳 Nest 茶幾

nest of table 套幾 nest sofa（？沙發(fā)）

newspaper file(/rod/rack)報紙架

Newspaper Racks & Display Stands 報架 Occasional table 休閑桌 office desk 辦公桌

Office seating 辦公座椅 Office table 辦公桌

old-fashioned wooden armchair 太師椅 ottoman 擱腳凳 oval table 橢圓形桌

over-stuff seat/chair 軟墊座椅 painted screen 畫屏 Partition wall 隔斷 Pembroke table 折面桌 plank bed 木板床

Planters chair 園藝工用椅

Presidential highback chair 高背辦公椅 pulldown bed;motor driven bed 活動床 Pull-out table 伸縮餐桌 rectangular table 長方桌

red-lacquered chest 紅漆木箱 Refectory table 長餐桌

revolving chair;swivel armchair;rotary chair 轉(zhuǎn)椅 rocking chair;rocker 搖椅 round bed 圓床 round stool 圓凳 round table 圓桌

round-backed armchair 圈椅 School table 課桌 screen 屏風(fēng) Seat 座椅

secretaire 寫字桌(尤指有抽屜及分類格者)Secretarial chair 秘書椅 sectional sofa 拼合沙發(fā) semi-CKD 半拆裝家具

separate wine cabinet 獨立廚柜 serving table 送餐桌

settee;chaise longue 長靠椅 shelving combination 組合架？ shoe rack 鞋架 side table 小桌 sideboard 餐具柜

simmous bed 席夢思床 single bed 單人床 slat stool 板條凳

sleeper sofa 可睡沙發(fā) sofa 沙發(fā)

sofa bed 沙發(fā)床 sofa table 沙發(fā)桌 soft chair 軟椅

spring bed;steel cot 鋼絲床；彈簧床 spring-seat chair 彈簧座椅 square stool 方凳 square table 方桌 steel chair 扶手椅 steel desk 鋼制寫字臺 steel safe 保險柜 step stool 梯凳

stool 凳子；擱腳凳

storage for umbrellas 傘架 straight back chair 直背椅 strong box;safe 保險箱 studio couch 單人沙發(fā)床

suitcase;trunk 衣箱；小型旅行箱 swivel armchair 帆布折疊躺椅 swivel-top stool 轉(zhuǎn)動凳 table 桌子；餐桌

table on castors 活動桌

tables and stools for technic 技術(shù)用桌子和凳子 teapoy;tea table 茶幾 three-drawer desk 三屜桌 three-legged stool 三腿凳

three-seater sofa 長沙發(fā)；三座沙發(fā) throw pillow 靠枕 tip-up chair 輪椅 towel rack 毛巾架

tray table 折疊式餐具小幾 trestle table 支架式活面餐桌 tripod table 三腿桌 trunk 大型旅行箱 tub chair 半圓靠背椅 turn table 餐桌轉(zhuǎn)盤 TV rack 電視機柜

twin beds 成對單人床；對床 two-seat desk 雙人寫字臺 typing desk 打字桌 umbrella stand 雨傘架 upholstered chair 布面椅

upholstered(/padded)armchair;single-seater sofa 單人沙發(fā)

wall unit 墻壁掛櫥

wardrobe 衣櫥,衣柜,藏衣室；大立柜 washstand 臉盆架 wheelchair 木椅 wicker chair 細(xì)藤椅

wicker suitcase(/trunk)柳條箱 woman's dressing case 鏡箱 wood carved trunk 雕花木箱

wooden bed frame strung with crisscross coir ropes 棕繃床

wooden bench(/stool)板凳 writing desk 寫字臺

bistro Tables 小酒吧桌（家庭用的）parson chair 教會風(fēng)格的椅子 motion 多功能沙發(fā) stationary sofa 沙發(fā)

airport installations 機場設(shè)備 Bathroom furniture 浴室家具 bedroom furniture 臥室家具 Built-in kitchen 配套廚房家具

Children’s bedroom suite 兒童臥房系列家具 decoration furniture 裝飾家具 Dining room furniture 餐廳家具 entrance hall furniture 門廳家具

Fittings(房屋內(nèi)的)設(shè)備,裝置,家具[P1]

garden/terrace furniture 花園；庭院/露臺家具 Hall furniture 廳房家具

Home office furniture 家庭辦公家具

Home/household furniture 家庭家具，民用家具 hotel business furniture 酒店商務(wù)家具 Hotel furniture 酒店家具

Institutional furniture 公用家具；社團(tuán)/學(xué)校用家具 juvenile bedroom furniture 青少年臥室家具 Kitchen unit 廚房成套家具

Living room furniture 起居室家具 Lounge furniture 客廳家具 Office furniture 辦公家具 Play furniture 娛樂家具

public premises furniture 公共場所家具 puff furniture 軟泡沫家具

RDA/DIY furniture（？/自裝式家具）school furniture 學(xué)校家具 site furniture 公共場所家具

store fitting furniture 商店/倉庫家具 dinette 小餐室

Alabaster 雪花石膏；條紋大理石 Alder

Aluminium 鋁

Aluminum alloy 鋁合金 artificial leather 人造革 Ash 白蠟樹 Aspen Bamboo 竹

Beech 山毛櫸,柏 Bentwood 曲木 Betula/birch 樺木 Brass 黃銅 Bronze 青銅

camphorwood 樟木 cane 粗藤

Cherry tree 櫻桃木 Chestnut 櫻桃木

Cloth 布;(棉、毛、合成纖維等)織物

Corian 可麗耐（一種以甲基丙稀甲醇(NMA)的聚合體,與天然礦石及顏料組合而成的合成材料）DM（？）Eucalyptu 桉樹 fiberboard 纖維板 Glass 玻璃

Iron Forged 鍛鐵 ironwork 鐵制品 Kasya（？）Lacqued（？）Leather 皮革 Mahagony 紅木 Maple 楓木

Marbre（Marble）大理石（非常硬的石灰?guī)r,一般有多種顏色并能拋光）

Melamine 密胺;三聚氰胺(?)Metal 金屬

Methacrylate 甲基丙烯酸酯(?)Mukali 安妮格木（在安哥拉和剛果稱為Mukali）Oak 橡木 Paper 紙制 parawood

Pine 松木

Pine furniture 松木家具 Plastic 塑料

Polypropylene 聚丙烯 Polyurethane 聚氨酯 Porcelain 瓷 Rattan 藤

rattan/wicker 藤/枝 resin 樹脂；合成樹脂

rosewood 黑檀,紫檀;黑檀(或紫檀)木材 screen 屏風(fēng)；隔板 steel 鋼

synthetic wood 合成/人造木材 teka（特佳<一種地板的品牌>）? textile 織物

upholstered component 彈簧墊配件 varnishes and glues 清漆及膠水

Veneer for Edges & Mouldings 邊條/板條 walnut 胡桃木 wax 蜂蠟;石蠟 wicker 細(xì)藤

wickerwork 枝編物;枝條制品 wood 木制

iron forged 鍛鐵

Antique furniture 古式家具

Antique reproduction furniture 仿古家具 avant-garde 前衛(wèi)家具 borax 簡陋廉價家具

Chineses style furniture 中式家具

CKD(complete knock down)整體拆裝式家具 classic 古典家具

collapsible furniture 折疊式家具 colonial 殖民地風(fēng)格

combined furniture 組合家具 complementary articles

Composite furniture 復(fù)合家具

Contract/custom furniture 訂做家具，承建家具 costly furniture 高檔家具

contemporary furniture 當(dāng)代家具 DIY furniture 自裝式家具 ecologic 環(huán)保型家具 English classic 英式古典 expounding furniture

Fitment 固定家具

Folding furniture 折疊家具 Folk furniture 民間家具 French classic 法式古典

French-type furniture 模式家具 glass case 玻璃制品

Heirloom quality furniture 祖?zhèn)骷揖?kknickknack 小家具

knockdown/movable furniture 活動家具 Louis Philippe 路易.菲利普式家具

modern furniture 新式家具；現(xiàn)代家具

nautical furniture（海員家具、海上風(fēng)格家具？）Neoclassic 新古典主義 new furniture 新家具

occasional furniture 配套家具；休閑家具

old furniture reproduction（仿制古式家具？）period furniture 仿古式家具 raw furniture 原木/色家具 Restoration 復(fù)辟時期風(fēng)格

Rustic/provenzal style furniture 鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)格家具 traditional furnture 傳統(tǒng)家具 urban rustic 都市鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)格

used/second-hand furniture 舊家具 utility furniture 實用家具

Western-style/European style furniture 西式家具 wood structure 木結(jié)構(gòu)家具 worn-out furniture 破家具

mission furniture 西班牙教會式家具（按照20世紀(jì)初期美國西南部西班牙教會所用家具仿造的一種質(zhì)樸、堅固的家具）

argyle 織成或編成菱形的 ceiling light 吸頂燈

contract lighting 定做照明設(shè)備？ decoration lighting 裝飾照明設(shè)備 Decorative lighting 裝飾燈具 embedded 嵌入式照明設(shè)備 exterior lighting 戶外照明 floodlight 泛光燈 fluorescent 熒光燈 halogenous 鹵素?zé)簦?lamp 燈

lighting accessories 照明設(shè)備配件 lighting machinery 照明設(shè)備機械 nautical lighting 海上照明設(shè)備？ pendant 吊燈

standard lamp（？ table lamp 臺燈 廣義工業(yè)設(shè)計 Generalized Industrial Design 6 狹義工業(yè)設(shè)計 Narrow Industrial Design 7 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計 Product Design 傳播設(shè)計 Communication Design 8 環(huán)境設(shè)計 Environmental Design 9 商業(yè)設(shè)計 Comercial Design 10 建筑設(shè)計 Architectural 一維設(shè)計 One-dimension Design 12 二維設(shè)計 Tow-dimension Design 13 三維設(shè)計 Three-dimension Design 14 四維設(shè)計 Four-dimension Design 15 裝飾、裝潢 Decoration wall and ceiling fixture 墻壁/天花板固定裝置

Accessories 房間陳設(shè)

airbrush 利用壓縮空氣的噴霧器;噴槍

back rest 椅子靠背

Bathroom accessories 浴室配套裝置

Batten door 板條門

Bed base 床架，床套

bed frame 床框架

bed post 床架桿；床柱

bedspring 彈簧床面

bedstead;bedframe 床架

board 木版；板

bookrest 閱書架

candle（燭臺？）

centrepiece 餐桌中央擺設(shè)

chair cover 椅套

Christmas article 圣誕裝飾品（不知道確切的翻譯是什 么）

Clock 鐘

closet pole 櫥內(nèi)掛架橫桿

Clothes rail 掛衣桿

clothes-rack 衣架

coat hook 衣鉤

component 零件

curtain 窗簾；門簾；帷幔

cushion 靠墊

degreasing tank（去油脂桶？）

Dividing wall and fitted wall unit 隔墻板及系列

door 門

Drawer 抽屜

dryer for furniture 家具干燥劑/器/烘干機

drying oven 干燥爐 設(shè)計 Design

現(xiàn)代設(shè)計 Modern Design 工藝美術(shù)設(shè)計 Craft Design 工業(yè)設(shè)計 Industrial Design

家具設(shè)計 Furniture Design 17 玩具設(shè)計 Toy Design 18 室內(nèi)設(shè)計 Interior Design 19 服裝設(shè)計 Costume Design 20 包裝設(shè)計 ackaging Design 21 展示設(shè)計 Display Design 22 城市規(guī)劃 Urban Desgin 生活環(huán)境 Living Environment 24 都市景觀 Townscape 25 田園都市 Gardon City 辦公室風(fēng)致 Office Landscape 27 設(shè)計方法論 Design Methodology 28 設(shè)計語言 Design Language 29 設(shè)計條件 Design Condition 30 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 Structure Design 31 形式設(shè)計 Form Design 32 設(shè)計過程 Design Process 33 構(gòu)思設(shè)計 Concept Design

量產(chǎn)設(shè)計，工藝設(shè)計 Technological Design 35 改型設(shè)計 Model Change 36 設(shè)計調(diào)查 Design Survey 37 事前調(diào)查 Prior Survey 38 動態(tài)調(diào)查 Dynamic Survey 39 超小型設(shè)計 Compact type 40 袖珍型設(shè)計 Pocktable Type 41 便攜型設(shè)計 Protable type

收納型設(shè)計 Selfcontainning Design 43 裝配式設(shè)計 Knock Down Type 44 集約化設(shè)計 Stacking Type 45 成套化設(shè)計 Set(Design)46 家族化設(shè)計 Family(Design)47 系列化設(shè)計 Series(Design)48 組合式設(shè)計 Unit Design 49 仿生設(shè)計 Bionics Design 50 功能 Function 51 獨創(chuàng)性 Originality 52 創(chuàng)造力 Creative Power

外裝 Facing

創(chuàng)造性思維 Creating Thinking

等價變換思維 Equivalent Transformationn Thought

KJ法 Method of K.J 57 戈頓法 Synectice

集體創(chuàng)造性思維法 Brain Storming 59 設(shè)計決策(Design)Decision Making 60 T-W-M體系 T-W-M system 61 O-R-M體系 O-R-M system 62 印象戰(zhàn)略 Image Stralegy 63 AIDMA原則 Law of AIDMA

功能分化 Functional Differentiation 65 功能分析 Functional Analysis 66 生命周期 Life Cycle

照明設(shè)計 Illumination Design

第三篇：室內(nèi)設(shè)計中英文翻譯【適用于畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯】

畢業(yè)設(shè)計英文資料翻譯

Translation of the English Documents for Graduation Design

課題名稱

院（系）專 業(yè) 姓 名 學(xué) 號 起訖日期 指導(dǎo)教師

2011 年 02 月 20 日

Interior Design

Susan Yelavich

Interior design embraces not only the decoration and furnishing of space, but also considerations of space planning, lighting, and programmatic issues pertaining to user behaviors, ranging from specific issues of accessibility to the nature of the activities to be conducted in the space.The hallmark of interior design today is a new elasticity in typologies, seen most dramatically in the domestication of commercial and public spaces.Interior design encompasses both the programmatic planning and physical treatment of interior space: the projection of its use and the nature of its furnishings and surfaces, that is, walls, floors, and ceilings.Interior design is distinguished from interior decoration in the scope of its purview.Decorators are primarily concerned with the selection of furnishings, while designers integrate the discrete elements of décor into programmatic concerns of space and use.Interior designers generally practice collaboratively with architects on the interiors of spaces built from the ground up, but they also work independently, particularly in the case of renovations.There is also a strong history of architect-designed interiors, rooted in the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, the total work of art, that came out of the Arts & Crafts movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.It is no accident that its strongest proponents(from Frank Lloyd Wright to Mies van der Rohe)extended their practices to include the realm of interiors during the nascency of the interior-design profession.Indeed, it was a defensive measure taken by architects who viewed formal intervention by an interior decorator or designer as a threat to the integrity of their aesthetic.Today, apart from strict modernists like Richard Meier who place a premium on homogeneity, architects who take on the role of interior designer(and their numbers are growing)are more likely to be eclectic in philosophy and practice, paralleling the twenty-first century's valorization of plurality.Nonetheless, the bias against interior designers and the realm

of the interior itself continues to persist.Critical discussions of the interior have been hampered by its popular perception as a container of ephemera.Furthermore, conventional views of the interior have been fraught with biases: class biases related to centuries-old associations with tradesmen and gender biases related to the depiction of the decorating profession as primarily the domain of women and gay men.As a result, the credibility of the interior as an expression of cultural values has been seriously impaired.However, the conditions and the light in which culture-at-large is understood are changing under the impact of globalization.The distinctions between “high” culture and “l(fā)ow” culture are dissipating in a more tolerant climate that encourages the cross-fertilization between the two poles.Likewise, there are more frequent instances of productive borrowings among architecture, design, and decoration, once considered exclusive domains.And while the fields of architecture, interior design, and interior decoration still have different educational protocols and different concentrations of emphasis, they are showing a greater mutuality of interest.Another way to think of this emergent synthesis is to substitute the triad of “architecture, interior design, and decoration” with “modernity, technology, and history.” One of the hallmarks of the postmodern era is a heightened awareness of the role of the past in shaping the present.In the interior, this manifests itself in a renewed interest in ornament, in evidence of craft and materiality, and in spatial complexities, all running parallel to the ongoing project of modernity.Even more significantly, there is a new elasticity in typologies.Today, the traditional typologies of the interior—house, loft, office, restaurant, and so on—strain to control their borders.Evidence of programmatic convergences can clearly be seen in public and commercial spaces that aspire to be both more user-friendly and consumer-conscious.Growing numbers of private hospitals(in competition for patients)employ amenities and form languages inspired by luxury spas;at the same time, many gyms and health clubs are adopting the clinical mien of medical facilities to convince their clients of the value of their services.The same relaxation of interior protocols can be seen in offices that co-opt the informal, live-work ethic of the artist's loft, and in hotels that use the language(and contents)of galleries.Similarly, increasing numbers of grocery stores and bookstores include spaces and furniture for eating and socializing.Likewise, there is a new comfort with stylistic convergences in interiors that appropriate and recombine disparate quotations from design history.These are exemplified in spaces such as Rem Koolhaas' Casa da Musica(2005)in Porto, Portugal(with its inventive use of traditional Portuguese tiles), and Herzog & de Meuron's Walker Art Center(2005)in Minneapolis, Minnesota(where stylized acanthus-leaf patterns are used to mark gallery entrances).These interiors make an art out of hybridism.They do not simply mix and match period furnishings and styles, but refilter them through a contemporary lens.Another hallmark of the contemporary interior is the overt incorporation of narrative.Tightly themed environments persist in retail spaces such as Ralph Lauren's clothing stores and in entertainment spaces like Las Vegas casinos.However, a more playful and less linear approach to narrative is increasingly common.Of all the typologies of the interior, the residence has been least affected by change, apart from ephemeral trends such as outdoor kitchens and palatial bathrooms.However, the narrative of the residence dominates interior design at large.It has become the catalyst for rethinking a host of spaces once firmly isolated from it, ranging from the secretary's cubicle, to the nurse's station, to the librarian's reading room.Considerations such as the accommodation of personal accessories in the work space, the use of color in hospitals, and the provision of couches in libraries are increasingly common, to cite just three examples.The domestication of such environments(with curtains and wallpaper, among other residential elements)provides more comfort, more reassurance, and more pleasure to domains formerly defined by institutional prohibitions and social exclusions.Unquestionably, these changes in public and commercial spaces are indebted to the liberation movements of the late 1960s.The battles fought against barriers of race, class, gender, and physical ability laid the groundwork for a larger climate of hospitality and accommodation.It is also possible to detect a wholly other agenda in the popularity of the residential model.The introduction of domestic amenities into commercial spaces, such as recreation spaces in office interiors, can also be construed as part of a wider attempt to put a more acceptable face on the workings of free-market capitalism.In this view, interior design dons the mask of entertainment.There is nothing new about the charade.Every interior is fundamentally a stage set.Nor is it particularly insidious—as long as the conceit is transparent.Danger surfaces，however, when illusion becomes delusion—when design overcompensates for the realities of illness with patronizing sentiment, or when offices become surrogate apartments because of the relentless demands of a round-the-clock economy.In these instances, design relinquishes its potential to transform daily life in favor of what amounts to little more than a facile re-branding of space.Another force is driving the domestication of the interior and that is the enlarged public awareness of design and designers.There is a growing popular demand for design as amenity and status symbol, stimulated by the proliferation of shelter magazines, television shows devoted to home decorating, and the advertising campaigns of commercial entities such as Target and Ikea.In the Western world, prosperity, combined with the appetite of the media, has all but fetishized the interior, yielding yet another reflection of the narcissism of a consumer-driven society.On the one hand, there are positive, democratic outcomes of the growing public profile of design that can be seen in the rise of do-it-yourself web sites and enterprises like Home Depot that emphasize self-reliance.It can also be argued, more generally, that the reconsideration of beauty implicit in the valorization of design is an ameliorating social phenomenon by virtue of its propensity to inspire improvement.On the other hand, the popularization of interior design through personas such as Philippe Starck, Martha Stewart, and Barbara Barry has encouraged a superficial understanding of the interior that is more focused on objects than it is on behaviors and interactions among objects.For all the recent explosion of interest in interior design, it remains, however, a fundamentally conservative arena of design, rooted as it is in notions of enclosure, security, and comfort.This perception has been exacerbated by the growth of specialized practices focused, for example, on healthcare and hospitality.While such firms offer deep knowledge of the psychology, mechanics, and economies of particular environments, they also perpetuate distinctions that hinder a more integral approach to the interior as an extension of architecture and even the landscape outside.One notable exception is the growth of design and architecture firms accruing expertise in sustainable materials and their applications to the interior.At the same time that design firms are identifying themselves with sustainability and promoting themselves as environmentalists, a movement is building to incorporate environmental responsibility within normative practice.Over the past four decades, efforts have intensified to professionalize the field of interior design and to accord it a status equal to that of architecture.In the US and Canada the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, formerly known as FIDER, reviews interior design education programs at colleges and universities to regulate standards of practice.Furthermore, the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design(ICSID)embraces interior design within its purview, defining it as part of “intellectual profession, and not simply a trade or a service for enterprises.”

Yet, the education of interior designers remains tremendously variable, with no uniformity of pedagogy.Hence, interior design continues to be perceived as an arena open to the specialist and the amateur.This perception is indicative of both the relatively short history of the profession itself and the broader cultural forces of inclusion and interactivity that mark a global society.原文來源：

Board of International Research in Design，Design Dictionary Perspectives on Design Terminology，Birkh?user Verlag AG 2008

第四篇：展會常用英語詞匯中英文

香港展會PCB專業(yè)術(shù)語（中英文）

1.線路板生產(chǎn)流程：

? 板材(board)：硬板 rigid board、環(huán)氧玻璃纖維板(FR-4)Epoxy glass fiber board-type4

雙面板 double layers board 多層板 Multi-layers board ? 開料(board cut)：來料檢查material incoming inspection、剪板 material-cutting

磨邊Milling、洗板 board washing、烤板 board baking ? 內(nèi)層線路inner circuit：前處理pretreat、壓干膜dry film pressing、對位registration

曝光exposed、顯影development、蝕刻etching、品質(zhì)控制（QC）quality control

? 層壓：lamination-pressing ? 鉆孔 drilling ? 沉銅(PTH)plated through hole ? 外層線路outer circuit ? 外層蝕刻：outer etching ? 阻焊 soldermask ? 字符 legends ? 表面處理surface finishing：沉金(ENIG)Electroless nickel immersion gold

沉銀immersion silver 沉錫 immersion Tin；有鉛噴錫(HAL)Hot air leveling

無鉛噴錫Lead-free hot air leveling 抗氧化(OSP)Organic Solderability Preservatives；

電金gold-plating； 金手指 gold finger ? 成型routing：沖壓pounching、楔形掏槽（V-cut）wedge cut ? 電測試(E-test)electronic test：飛針probeflying, 測試架fixture ? 終檢（FQC）final quality control ? 包裝packing

2.其他相關(guān)術(shù)語

a.金厚測試儀gold thickness tester 阻抗測試儀impedance tester

拉力測試儀Tension measuring instrument 二次元測試儀 Two dimensional tester b.通孔Vias、過孔via hole 埋孔buried holes、盲孔blind holes 定位孔tooling holes

半固化片（PP）prepreg c.拼板panel、工藝邊tooling edge、干膜dry film、菲林film d.尺寸size、樣板sample、批量mass production、交期lead time、產(chǎn)能production capacity e.板厚board thickness、銅厚copper thickness、公差tolerance f.線寬line width、線距l(xiāng)ine space、孔徑hole size

第五篇：中英文翻譯

Fundamentals This chapter describes the fundamentals of today’s wireless communications.First a detailed description of the radio channel and its modeling are presented, followed by the introduction of the principle of OFDM multi-carrier transmission.In addition, a general overview of the spread spectrum technique, especially DS-CDMA, is given and examples of potential applications for OFDM and DS-CDMA are analyzed.This introduction is essential for a better understanding of the idea behind the combination of OFDM with the spread spectrum technique, which is briefly introduced in the last part of this chapter.1.1 Radio Channel Characteristics Understanding the characteristics of the communications medium is crucial for the appropriate selection of transmission system architecture, dimensioning of its components, and optimizing system parameters, especially since mobile radio channels are considered to be the most difficult channels, since they suffer from many imperfections like multipath fading, interference, Doppler shift, and shadowing.The choice of system components is totally different if, for instance, multipath propagation with long echoes dominates the radio propagation.Therefore, an accurate channel model describing the behavior of radio wave propagation in different environments such as mobile/fixed and indoor/outdoor is needed.This may allow one, through simulations, to estimate and validate the performance of a given transmission scheme in its several design phases.1.1.1 Understanding Radio Channels In mobile radio channels(see Figure 1-1), the transmitted signal suffers from different effects, which are characterized as follows: Multipath propagation occurs as a consequence of reflections, scattering, and diffraction of the transmitted electromagnetic wave at natural and man-made objects.Thus, at the receiver antenna, a multitude of waves arrives from many different directions with different delays, attenuations, and phases.The superposition of these waves results in amplitude and phase variations of the composite received signal.Doppler spread is caused by moving objects in the mobile radio channel.Changes in the phases and amplitudes of the arriving waves occur which lead to time-variant multipath propagation.Even small movements on the order of the wavelength may result in a totally different wave superposition.The varying signal strength due to time-variant multipath propagation is referred to as fast fading.Shadowing is caused by obstruction of the transmitted waves by, e.g., hills, buildings, walls, and trees, which results in more or less strong attenuation of the signal strength.Compared to fast fading, longer distances have to be covered to significantly change the shadowing constellation.The varying signal strength due to shadowing is called slow fading and can be described by a log-normal distribution [36].Path loss indicates how the mean signal power decays with distance between transmitter and receiver.In free space, the mean signal power decreases with the square of the distance between base station(BS)and terminal station(TS).In a mobile radio channel, where often no line of sight(LOS)path exists, signal power decreases with a power higher than two and is typically in the order of three to five.Variations of the received power due to shadowing and path loss can be efficiently counteracted by power control.In the following, the mobile radio channel is described with respect to its fast fading characteristic.1.1.2 Channel Modeling The mobile radio channel can be characterized by the time-variant channel impulse response h(τ , t)or by the time-variant channel transfer function H(f, t), which is the Fourier transform of h(τ , t).The channel impulse response represents the response of the channel at time t due to an impulse applied at time t ? τ.The mobile radio channel is assumed to be a wide-sense stationary random process, i.e., the channel has a fading statistic that remains constant over short periods of time or small spatial distances.In environments with multipath propagation, the channel impulse response is composed of a large number of scattered impulses received over Np different paths，Where

and ap, fD,p, ?p, and τp are the amplitude, the Doppler frequency, the phase, and the propagation delay, respectively, associated with path p, p = 0,..., Np ? 1.The assigned channel transfer function is

The delays are measured relative to the first detectable path at the receiver.The Doppler Frequency

depends on the velocity v of the terminal station, the speed of light c, the carrier frequency fc, and the angle of incidence αp of a wave assigned to path p.A channel impulse response with corresponding channel transfer function is illustrated in Figure 1-2.The delay power density spectrum ρ(τ)that characterizes the frequency selectivity of the mobile radio channel gives the average power of the channel output as a function of the delay τ.The mean delay τ , the root mean square(RMS)delay spread τRMS and the maximum delay τmax are characteristic parameters of the delay power density spectrum.The mean delay is

Where

Figure 1-2 Time-variant channel impulse response and channel transfer function with frequency-selective fading is the power of path p.The RMS delay spread is defined as Similarly, the Doppler power density spectrum S(fD)can be defined that characterizes the time variance of the mobile radio channel and gives the average power of the channel output as a function of the Doppler frequency fD.The frequency dispersive properties of multipath channels are most commonly quantified by the maximum occurring Doppler frequency fDmax and the Doppler spread fDspread.The Doppler spread is the bandwidth of the Doppler power density spectrum and can take on values up to two times |fDmax|, i.e.，1.1.3Channel Fade Statistics The statistics of the fading process characterize the channel and are of importance for channel model parameter specifications.A simple and often used approach is obtained from the assumption that there is a large number of scatterers in the channel that contribute to the signal at the receiver side.The application of the central limit theorem leads to a complex-valued Gaussian process for the channel impulse response.In the absence of line of sight(LOS)or a dominant component, the process is zero-mean.The magnitude of the corresponding channel transfer function

is a random variable, for brevity denoted by a, with a Rayleigh distribution given by

Where

is the average power.The phase is uniformly distributed in the interval [0, 2π].In the case that the multipath channel contains a LOS or dominant component in addition to the randomly moving scatterers, the channel impulse response can no longer be modeled as zero-mean.Under the assumption of a complex-valued Gaussian process for the channel impulse response, the magnitude a of the channel transfer function has a Rice distribution given by

The Rice factor KRice is determined by the ratio of the power of the dominant path to thepower of the scattered paths.I0 is the zero-order modified Bessel function of first kind.The phase is uniformly distributed in the interval [0, 2π].1.1.4Inter-Symbol(ISI)and Inter-Channel Interference(ICI)The delay spread can cause inter-symbol interference(ISI)when adjacent data symbols overlap and interfere with each other due to different delays on different propagation paths.The number of interfering symbols in a single-carrier modulated system is given by

For high data rate applications with very short symbol duration Td < τmax, the effect of ISI and, with that, the receiver complexity can increase significantly.The effect of ISI can be counteracted by different measures such as time or frequency domain equalization.In spread spectrum systems, rake receivers with several arms are used to reduce the effect of ISI by exploiting the multipath diversity such that individual arms are adapted to different propagation paths.If the duration of the transmitted symbol is significantly larger than the maximum delay Td τmax, the channel produces a negligible amount of ISI.This effect is exploited with multi-carrier transmission where the duration per transmitted symbol increases with the number of sub-carriers Nc and, hence, the amount of ISI decreases.The number of interfering symbols in a multi-carrier modulated system is given by

Residual ISI can be eliminated by the use of a guard interval(see Section 1.2).The maximum Doppler spread in mobile radio applications using single-carrier modulation is typically much less than the distance between adjacent channels, such that the effect of interference on adjacent channels due to Doppler spread is not a problem for single-carrier modulated systems.For multi-carrier modulated systems, the sub-channel spacing Fs can become quite small, such that Doppler effects can cause significant ICI.As long as all sub-carriers are affected by a common Doppler shift fD, this Doppler shift can be compensated for in the receiver and ICI can be avoided.However, if Doppler spread in the order of several percent of the sub-carrier spacing occurs, ICI may degrade the system performance significantly.To avoid performance degradations due to ICI or more complex receivers with ICI equalization, the sub-carrier spacing Fs should be chosen as

such that the effects due to Doppler spread can be neglected(see Chapter 4).This approach corresponds with the philosophy of OFDM described in Section 1.2 and is followed in current OFDM-based wireless standards.Nevertheless, if a multi-carrier system design is chosen such that the Doppler spread is in the order of the sub-carrier spacing or higher, a rake receiver in the frequency domain can be used [22].With the frequency domain rake receiver each branch of the rake resolves a different Doppler frequency.1.1.5Examples of Discrete Multipath Channel Models Various discrete multipath channel models for indoor and outdoor cellular systems with different cell sizes have been specified.These channel models define the statistics of the 5 discrete propagation paths.An overview of widely used discrete multipath channel models is given in the following.COST 207 [8]: The COST 207 channel models specify four outdoor macro cell propagation scenarios by continuous, exponentially decreasing delay power density spectra.Implementations of these power density spectra by discrete taps are given by using up to 12 taps.Examples for settings with 6 taps are listed in Table 1-1.In this table for several propagation environments the corresponding path delay and power profiles are given.Hilly terrain causes the longest echoes.The classical Doppler spectrum with uniformly distributed angles of arrival of the paths can be used for all taps for simplicity.Optionally, different Doppler spectra are defined for the individual taps in [8].The COST 207 channel models are based on channel measurements with a bandwidth of 8–10 MHz in the 900-MHz band used for 2G systems such as GSM.COST 231 [9] and COST 259 [10]: These COST actions which are the continuation of COST 207 extend the channel characterization to DCS 1800, DECT, HIPERLAN and UMTS channels, taking into account macro, micro, and pico cell scenarios.Channel models with spatial resolution have been defined in COST 259.The spatial component is introduced by the definition of several clusters with local scatterers, which are located in a circle around the base station.Three types of channel models are defined.The macro cell type has cell sizes from 500 m up to 5000 m and a carrier frequency of 900 MHz or 1.8 GHz.The micro cell type is defined for cell sizes of about 300 m and a carrier frequency of 1.2 GHz or 5 GHz.The pico cell type represents an indoor channel model with cell sizes smaller than 100 m in industrial buildings and in the order of 10 m in an office.The carrier frequency is 2.5 GHz or 24 GHz.COST 273: The COST 273 action additionally takes multi-antenna channel models into account, which are not covered by the previous COST actions.CODIT [7]: These channel models define typical outdoor and indoor propagation scenarios for macro, micro, and pico cells.The fading characteristics of the various propagation environments are specified by the parameters of the Nakagami-m distribution.Every environment is defined in terms of a number of scatterers which can take on values up to 20.Some channel models consider also the angular distribution of the scatterers.They have been developed for the investigation of 3G system proposals.Macro cell channel type models have been developed for carrier frequencies around 900 MHz with 7 MHz bandwidth.The micro and pico cell channel type models have been developed for carrier frequencies between 1.8 GHz and 2 GHz.The bandwidths of the measurements are in the range of 10–100 MHz for macro cells and around 100 MHz for pico cells.JTC [28]: The JTC channel models define indoor and outdoor scenarios by specifying 3 to 10 discrete taps per scenario.The channel models are designed to be applicable for wideband digital mobile radio systems anticipated as candidates for the PCS(Personal Communications Systems)common air interface at carrier frequencies of about 2 GHz.UMTS/UTRA [18][44]: Test propagation scenarios have been defined for UMTS and UTRA system proposals which are developed for frequencies around 2 GHz.The modeling of the multipath propagation corresponds to that used by the COST 207 channel models.HIPERLAN/2 [33]: Five typical indoor propagation scenarios for wireless LANs in the 5 GHz frequency band have been defined.Each scenario is described by 18discrete taps of the delay power density spectrum.The time variance of the channel(Doppler spread)is modeled by a classical Jake’s spectrum with a maximum terminal speed of 3 m/h.Further channel models exist which are, for instance, given in [16].1.1.6Multi-Carrier Channel Modeling Multi-carrier systems can either be simulated in the time domain or, more computationally efficient, in the frequency domain.Preconditions for the frequency domain implementation are the absence of ISI and ICI, the frequency nonselective fading per sub-carrier, and the time-invariance during one OFDM symbol.A proper system design approximately fulfills these preconditions.The discrete channel transfer function adapted to multi-carrier signals results in

where the continuous channel transfer function H(f, t)is sampled in time at OFDM symbol rate s and in frequency at sub-carrier spacing Fs.The duration

s is the total OFDM symbol duration including the guard interval.Finally, a symbol transmitted onsub-channel n of the OFDM symbol i is multiplied by the resulting fading amplitude an,i and rotated by a random phase ?n,i.The advantage of the frequency domain channel model is that the IFFT and FFT operation for OFDM and inverse OFDM can be avoided and the fading operation results in one complex-valued multiplication per sub-carrier.The discrete multipath channel models introduced in Section 1.1.5 can directly be applied to(1.16).A further simplification of the channel modeling for multi-carrier systems is given by using the so-called uncorrelated fading channel models.1.1.6.1Uncorrelated Fading Channel Models for Multi-Carrier Systems These channel models are based on the assumption that the fading on adjacent data symbols after inverse OFDM and de-interleaving can be considered as uncorrelated [29].This assumption holds when, e.g., a frequency and time interleaver with sufficient interleaving depth is applied.The fading amplitude an,i is chosen from a distribution p(a)according to the considered cell type and the random phase ?n,I is uniformly distributed in the interval [0,2π].The resulting complex-valued channel fading coefficient is thus generated independently for each sub-carrier and OFDM symbol.For a propagation scenario in a macro cell without LOS, the fading amplitude an,i is generated by a Rayleigh distribution and the channel model is referred to as an uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel.For smaller cells where often a dominant propagation component occurs, the fading amplitude is chosen from a Rice distribution.The advantages of the uncorrelated fading channel models for multi-carrier systems are their simple implementation in the frequency domain and the simple reproducibility of the simulation results.1.1.7Diversity The coherence bandwidth of a mobile radio channel is the bandwidth over which the signal propagation characteristics are correlated and it can be approximated by

The channel is frequency-selective if the signal bandwidth B is larger than the coherence bandwidth.On the other hand, if B is smaller than , the channel is frequency nonselective or flat.The coherence bandwidth of the channel is of importance for evaluating the performance of spreading and frequency interleaving techniques that try to exploit the inherent frequency diversity Df of the mobile radio channel.In the case of multi-carrier transmission, frequency diversity is exploited if the separation of sub-carriers transmitting the same information exceeds the coherence bandwidth.The maximum achievable frequency diversity Df is given by the ratio between the signal bandwidth B and the coherence bandwidth，The coherence time of the channel is the duration over which the channel characteristics can be considered as time-invariant and can be approximated by

If the duration of the transmitted symbol is larger than the coherence time, the channel is time-selective.On the other hand, if the symbol duration is smaller than , the channel is time nonselective during one symbol duration.The coherence time of the channel is of importance for evaluating the performance of coding and interleaving techniques that try to exploit the inherent time diversity DO of the mobile radio channel.Time diversity can be exploited if the separation between time slots carrying the same information exceeds the coherence time.A number of Ns successive time slots create a time frame of duration Tfr.The maximum time diversity Dt achievable in one time frame is given by the ratio between the duration of a time frame and the coherence time, A system exploiting frequency and time diversity can achieve the overall diversity

The system design should allow one to optimally exploit the available diversity DO.For instance, in systems with multi-carrier transmission the same information should be transmitted on different sub-carriers and in different time slots, achieving uncorrelated faded replicas of the information in both dimensions.Uncoded multi-carrier systems with flat fading per sub-channel and time-invariance during one symbol cannot exploit diversity and have a poor performance in time and frequency selective fading channels.Additional methods have to be applied to exploit diversity.One approach is the use of data spreading where each data symbol is spread by a spreading code of length L.This, in combination with interleaving, can achieve performance results which are given for

by the closed-form solution for the BER for diversity reception in Rayleigh fading channels according to [40]

Whererepresents the combinatory function，and σ2 is the variance of the noise.As soon as the interleaving is not perfect or the diversity offered by the channel is smaller than the spreading code length L, or MCCDMA with multiple access interference is applied,(1.22)is a lower bound.For L = 1, the performance of an OFDM system without forward error correction(FEC)is obtained, 9

which cannot exploit any diversity.The BER according to(1.22)of an OFDM(OFDMA, MC-TDMA)system and a multi-carrier spread spectrum(MC-SS)system with different spreading code lengths L is shown in Figure 1-3.No other diversity techniques are applied.QPSK modulation is used for symbol mapping.The mobile radio channel is modeled as uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel(see Section 1.1.6).As these curves show, for large values of L, the performance of MC-SS systems approaches that of an AWGN channel.Another form of achieving diversity in OFDM systems is channel coding by FEC, where the information of each data bit is spread over several code bits.Additional to the diversity gain in fading channels, a coding gain can be obtained due to the selection of appropriate coding and decoding algorithms.中文翻譯 1基本原理

這章描述今日的基本面的無線通信。第一一個的詳細(xì)說明無線電頻道，它的模型被介紹，跟隨附近的的介紹的原則的參考正交頻分復(fù)用多載波傳輸。此外，一個一般概觀的擴頻技術(shù)，尤其ds-cdma，被給，潛力的例子申請參考正交頻分復(fù)用，DS對1。分配的通道傳輸功能是

有關(guān)的延誤測量相對于第一個在接收器檢測到的路徑。多普勒頻率

取決于終端站，光速c，載波頻率fc的速度和發(fā)病路徑分配給速度v波αp角度頁具有相應(yīng)通道傳輸信道沖激響應(yīng)函數(shù)圖1-2所示。

延遲功率密度譜ρ（τ）為特征的頻率選擇性移動無線電頻道給出了作為通道的輸出功能延遲τ平均功率。平均延遲τ，均方根（RMS）的時延擴展τRMS和最大延遲τmax都是延遲功率密度譜特征參數(shù)。平均時延特性參數(shù)為

有

圖1-2時變信道沖激響應(yīng)和通道傳遞函數(shù)頻率選擇性衰落是權(quán)力頁的路徑均方根時延擴展的定義為 同樣，多普勒頻譜的功率密度（FD）的特點可以定義

在移動時變無線信道，并給出了作為一種金融衍生工具功能的多普勒頻率通道輸出的平均功率。多徑信道頻率分散性能是最常見的量化發(fā)生的多普勒頻率和多普勒fDmax蔓延fDspread最大。多普勒擴散是功率密度的多普勒頻譜帶寬，可價值觀需要兩年時間| fDmax|，即

1.1.3頻道淡出統(tǒng)計

在衰落過程中的統(tǒng)計特征和重要的渠道是信道模型參數(shù)規(guī)格。一個簡單而經(jīng)常使用的方法是從假設(shè)有一個通道中的散射，有助于在大量接收端的信號。該中心極限定理的應(yīng)用導(dǎo)致了復(fù)雜的值的高斯信道沖激響應(yīng)過程。在對視線（LOS）或線的主要組成部分的情況下，這個過程是零的意思。相應(yīng)的通道傳遞函數(shù)幅度

是一個隨機變量，通過給定一個簡短表示由瑞利分布，有

是的平均功率。相均勻分布在區(qū)間[0，2π]。

在案件的多通道包含洛杉磯的或主要組件除了隨機移動散射，通道脈沖響應(yīng)可以不再被建模為均值為零。根據(jù)信道脈沖響應(yīng)的假設(shè)一個復(fù)雜的值高斯過程，其大小通道的傳遞函數(shù)A的水稻分布給出

賴斯因素KRice是由占主導(dǎo)地位的路徑權(quán)力的威力比分散的路徑。I0是零階貝塞爾函數(shù)的第一階段是一致kind.The在區(qū)間[0，2π]分發(fā)。

1.1.4符號間（ISI）和通道間干擾（ICI）

延遲的蔓延引起的符號間干擾（ISI）當(dāng)相鄰的數(shù)據(jù)符號上的重疊與互相不同的傳播路徑，由于不同的延遲干涉。符號的干擾在單載波調(diào)制系統(tǒng)的號碼是給予

對于高數(shù)據(jù)符號持續(xù)時間很短運輸署<蟿MAX時，ISI的影響，這樣一來，速率應(yīng)用，接收機的復(fù)雜性大大增加。對干擾影響，可以抵消，如時間或頻域均衡不同的措施。在擴頻系統(tǒng)，與幾個臂Rake接收機用于減少通過利用多徑分集等，個別武器適應(yīng)不同的傳播路徑的干擾影響。

如果發(fā)送符號的持續(xù)時間明顯高于大的最大延遲運輸署蟿最大，渠道產(chǎn)生ISI的微不足道。這種效果是利用多載波傳輸?shù)牡胤?，每發(fā)送符號的增加與子載波數(shù)控數(shù)目，因此，ISI的金額減少的持續(xù)時間。符號的干擾多載波調(diào)制系統(tǒng)的號碼是給予

可以消除符號間干擾由一個保護(hù)間隔（見1.2節(jié)）的使用。

最大多普勒在移動無線應(yīng)用傳播使用單載波調(diào)制通常比相鄰?fù)ǖ?，這樣，干擾對由于多普勒傳播相鄰?fù)ǖ赖淖饔貌皇且粋€單載波調(diào)制系統(tǒng)的問題距離。對于多載波調(diào)制系統(tǒng)，子通道間距FS可以變得非常小，這樣可以造成嚴(yán)重的多普勒效應(yīng)ICI的。只要所有子載波只要是一個共同的多普勒頻移金融衍生工具的影響，這可以補償多普勒頻移在接收器和ICI是可以避免的。但是，如果在對多普勒子載波間隔為幾個百分點的蔓延情況，卜內(nèi)門可能會降低系統(tǒng)的性能顯著。為了避免性能降級或因與ICI卜內(nèi)門更復(fù)雜的接收機均衡，子載波間隔財政司司長應(yīng)定為

這樣說，由于多普勒效應(yīng)可以忽略不擴散（見第4章）。這種方法對應(yīng)于OFDM的1.2節(jié)中所述，是目前基于OFDM的無線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)遵循的理念。

不過，如果多載波系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計選擇了這樣的多普勒展寬在子載波間隔或更高，秩序是在頻率RAKE接收機域名可以使用[22]。隨著頻域RAKE接收機每個支部耙解決了不同的多普勒頻率。

1.1.5多徑信道模型的離散的例子

各類離散多與不同的細(xì)胞大小的室內(nèi)和室外蜂窩系統(tǒng)的信道模型已經(jīng)被指定。這些通道模型定義的離散傳播路徑的統(tǒng)計信息。一種廣泛使用的離散多徑信道模型概述于下。造價207[8]：成本207信道模型指定連續(xù)四個室外宏蜂窩傳播方案，指數(shù)下降延遲功率密度譜。這些頻道功率密度的離散譜的實現(xiàn)都是通過使用多達(dá)12個頻道。與6頻道設(shè)置的示例列于表1-1。在這種傳播環(huán)境的幾個表中的相應(yīng)路徑延遲和電源配置給出。丘陵地形導(dǎo)致最長相呼應(yīng)。

經(jīng)典的多普勒頻譜與均勻分布的到達(dá)角路徑可以用于簡化所有的頻道?；蛘?，不同的多普勒譜定義在[8]個人頻道。207信道的成本模型是基于一個8-10兆赫的2G，如GSM系統(tǒng)中使用的900兆赫頻段信道帶寬的測量。造價231[9]和造價259[10]：這些費用是行動的延續(xù)成本207擴展通道特性到DCS1800的DECT，HIPERLAN和UMTS的渠道，同時考慮到宏觀，微觀和微微小區(qū)的情況為例。空間分辨率與已定義的通道模型在造價259。空間部分是介紹了與當(dāng)?shù)厣⑸?，這是在基站周圍設(shè)幾組圓的定義。三種類型的通道模型定義。宏細(xì)胞類型具有高達(dá)500?5000米，載波頻率為900兆赫或1.8 GHz的單元尺寸。微細(xì)胞類型被定義為細(xì)胞體積約300米，1.2 GHz或5 GHz載波頻率。細(xì)胞類型代表的Pico與細(xì)胞體積小于100工業(yè)建筑物和辦公室中的10 m階米室內(nèi)信道模型。載波頻率為2.5 GHz或24千兆赫。造價273：成本273行動另外考慮到多天線信道模型，這是不是由先前的費用的行為包括在內(nèi)。

CODIT [7]：這些通道模型定義的宏，微，微微蜂窩和室外和室內(nèi)傳播的典型案例。各種傳播環(huán)境的衰落特性是指定的在NakagamiSS）的不同擴頻碼L是長度，如圖1-3所示的系統(tǒng)。沒有其他的分集技術(shù)被應(yīng)用。QPSK調(diào)制用于符號映射。移動無線信道建模為不相關(guān)瑞利衰落信道（見1.1.6）。由于這些曲線顯示，辦法，AWGN信道的一對L時，對MC-SS系統(tǒng)性能有很大價值。

另一種實現(xiàn)形式的OFDM系統(tǒng)的多樣性是由前向糾錯信道編碼，在這里，每個數(shù)據(jù)位的信息分散在幾個代碼位。附加在衰落信道分集增益，編碼增益一個可因適當(dāng)?shù)木幋a和解碼算法的選擇。