第一篇：2013年12月日語能力考N1詞匯語法點評
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2013年12月日語能力考N1詞匯語法點評
時間過的很快，今天的N1考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，無論大家是否考的理想，查看答案是考生最常做的事情之一。那么根據(jù)今天的考題給大家分析一下今年的N1真題。
單詞部分：
今年的N1考試從把握(はあく)到憤り(いきどおり)再到貧富(ひんぷ)、題目相對于7月的愚か「おろか」?巧妙「こうみょう」?憩い「いこい」?需要「じゅよう」?緩和「かんわ」?跡地「あとち」更加偏向于對漢字特殊音讀的考察。在N1的單詞讀音這道題目的考察中，通常會出現(xiàn)一字多音的題目，所以大家在學(xué)習(xí)單詞發(fā)音時，也要隨時總結(jié)相應(yīng)漢字在不同的單詞中是如何發(fā)音的，這是十分必要的。通常不會考大家很常見的讀音。12月的單詞考試相對于7月的考試，難度是相當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
單詞意思方面的考察，體現(xiàn)出了很多趨勢，其中較為明顯的是：對固定搭配的考察增多，沒有考察接頭詞結(jié)尾詞，副詞考察的較多，另外對于外來語只考察了一個，可以看出目前對于外來語考察趨勢逐漸淡化，而對于副詞的意思和用法考察則更加細(xì)化，這提醒我們重視副詞的記憶。以往的試題每次都會涉及外來語的考察。從2012年12月開始，外來語的試題數(shù)量有所減少。但是還是建議大家把外來語作為復(fù)習(xí)的一部分，不要完全放棄，我們從中可以看出的無非是外來語部分不是單詞考察的重點。以后對于N1單詞部分的復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)該以動詞，副詞為主。
語法部分：
語法部分相對于2012年和今年7月的真題，考察更加注重N1基礎(chǔ)語法點。第一題就考察了助詞運用，在以往的N1考試中很少有單獨列出一個助詞進(jìn)行考察的，而這次的第一題似乎在仿照N2考試，直接把に、で這樣的單個助詞進(jìn)行運用考察。相對于之前的考試沒有過分側(cè)重復(fù)雜語法的考察，而是更加重視基本的N1語法的考察。并沒有過多的考察復(fù)雜的語法合并，或是敬語與語法的結(jié)合，相對于7月份或者之前的語法試題更加讓人得心應(yīng)手。排序題上則比7月的要增加了難度，7月的排序題比較簡單，12月的明顯增加了難度。完形填空的文章字?jǐn)?shù)要比之前的增多，選擇的地方更加注重連接詞的考察，文章比較書面化，通過狗的故事啟迪人。讀起來不會很枯燥，但是字?jǐn)?shù)增多增加了時間上的分配負(fù)擔(dān)。
更多日語學(xué)習(xí)資訊：
http:///member.php?mod=register&tag=HZ-bdwp-1201
申請免費新年賀卡：
http:///topic/open/index.php?type=heka&tag=HZ-bdwp-1201
第二篇：語法常用詞匯中英對照
語法常用詞匯中英對照
主語： subject謂語： predicate賓語：object定語：attributive 狀語： adverbial表語： predicative補語：complement
同位語：appositive construction形式主語：formal subject
詞性：part of speech
名詞：noun，singular/plural/collective/compound
動詞：verb形容詞：adjective副詞：adverb代詞：pronoun
介詞：preposition 系動詞：linking verb 連接詞：conjunction 動詞詞組：phrasal verbs 及物動詞：transitive verb不及物動詞：intransitive verb 修飾語： modifier 非謂語：non-finite：不定式： infinitive，現(xiàn)在分詞：present participle phrase，過去分詞：past participle phrase動名詞：gerund
詞組： phrase 固定搭配： set phrase頻率副詞： adverb of frequency 疑問副詞： interrogative adverb疑問代詞： interrogative pronoun
主動語態(tài)：active voice被動語態(tài)：passive voice 虛擬語氣：subjunctive mood 倒裝：inversion獨立主格： independent genitive 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：emphatic sentence 反義疑問句 tag question省略 abbreviation
時態(tài)： tense
現(xiàn)在時：present tense過去時：past tense 現(xiàn)在完成時：present perfect tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： present progressive tense過去進(jìn)行時：past progressive tense 將來進(jìn)行時： future progressive tense現(xiàn)在完成時： present perfect tense 過去完成時： past perfect tense將來完成時： future perfect tense 標(biāo)點符號：punctuation
句號：full stop/end mark 逗號：comma 分號：semicolon 冒號：colon
引號：quotation mark大寫字母：capital letter 縮寫： abbreviation
從句：clause
名詞性從句：nominal clause
1.主從：subject clause 2.賓從：object clause3.表從：predicative clause
4.同位語從句：appositive construction
定從： attributive clause/relative clause
狀語從句：adverbial clause
1.原因： cause/reason 2.條件： condition 3.讓步：concession 4.時間：time
5.目的： purpose6.結(jié)果：result7.方式：manner8.地點：place
9.比較： comparative
第三篇：日語九百句詞匯語法
表示存在的“いる”、“ある”的敬語：
謙
敬
人
いる
おります
います
いらっしゃいます おいでになります
物
ある
―
あります
ございます
例：
私のうちに犬(いぬ)がおります。
我家有狗。
同じクラスに韓國(かんこく)の友達(dá)(ともだち)がいます。同班有韓國的朊友。
社長は社長室(しゃちょうしつ)にいらっしゃいます。社長在社長室。
つまらないものしかございません（１０）が、よろしかったら、一(ひと)つお持(も)ちください。
只是一點不值錢的東西，您要喜歡的話，請拿一個吧。
(1)ご両親：ご是接頭詞，一般接在音讀漢語詞匯前，談及對方的事情時表示尊重。例:ご心配はいりません。不用擔(dān)心。
ご家族はお元気ですか。您家里人身體好嗎？
(2)盜まれた是盜む的的過去被動態(tài)。動詞的被動態(tài)詞尾變化規(guī)律如下：
*五段動詞未然形＋れる：叱(しか)る→叱(しか)られる 學(xué)生は先生に叱られる。學(xué)生被老師批評。
*サ変動詞：する→される：変更(へんこう)する→変更される 旅行(りょこう)の期日(きじつ)は変更される 旅行的日期更改。
*一段動詞未然形＋られる：見(み)せる→見せられる この手紙は誰でも見せられません。這封信不要被人看到。
*カ変動詞：來る→こられる：
借金(しゃっきん)に來(こ)られた。
被人借款。
(3)……にちがいない：詞組，意思是“一定、沒錯” 明日はいい天気に違いない。明天天氣一定好。(4)お是接頭詞，接在訓(xùn)讀詞匯前，表示尊敬。お名前は。貴姓？ お元気ですか。您身體健康嗎？ お子さん 令郎
(5)動詞連用形+てもいい：句型，可以…… 鉛筆で書いてもいい?？梢杂勉U筆寫。
(6)おっしゃる是言う的敬語，意思是“說，講” お名前はなんとおっしゃいますか。您叫什么名字？
(7)動詞連用形+たい：句型，表示自己的希望 お茶を飲みたい。我想喝茶。明日休みたい。我想明天休息。
(8)…目：接尾詞，表示順序，“第…” 一年目/第一年 三回目/第三次
(9)…でしょう是です的推量形，表示推測。ここは學(xué)校でしょう。這兒是學(xué)校吧。明日はいい天気でしょう。明天會是好天氣吧。
(10)…しかございません是…しかない的敬語形式、…しかない的意思是“只，僅僅” 良いのは一つしかない。只有一個好的。
簡単な日本語しかできない。只會簡單的日語。?
練習(xí)Ａ：
あしたは晴れる?！?あしたは晴れるに違いない 1)急げば、間に合う。→ 2)この回答は正しい。→ 3)今夜は寒いから、明日は雪でしょう。→ 4)彼は迎えに來る?！??
練習(xí)Ｂ： 女の人に足を踏まれた。1)子供 カメラ こわす 2)兄
手紙
読む 3)知らない人
名前
呼ぶ 4)友達(dá)
肩 たたく
單 詞
りょう〔寮〕
（名）宿舍 キャンパス
（名）校園 ふじさん〔富士山〕
（名）富士山 りょうしん〔両親〕
（名）父母，雙親 あちこち
（名）這兒那兒，到處 さがす〔捜す〕
（他五）尋找 ねこ〔貓〕
（名）貓 ぬすむ〔盜む〕
（他五）盜竊 たからもの〔寶物〕
（名）寶貝，寶物 しま〔島〕
（名）島嶼
たく〔宅〕
（名）住宅，家
じゃま〔邪魔〕
（名、形動、他サ）打攪，礙事 このあいだ〔この間〕
（名）最近，前些時候 かりる〔借りる〕
（他上一）借，借入
クラス
（名）班級 かんこく〔韓國〕
（名）韓國 ともだち〔友達(dá)〕
（名）朊友
つまらない
（形）無聊的；不值錢的 もつ〔持つ〕
（他五）拿
數(shù)量的表示方法：
１、表示一般物體個數(shù)：
訓(xùn)読：一つ(ひとつ)、二つ(ふたつ)、三つ(みっつ)、四つ(よっつ)、五つ(いつつ)、六つ(むっつ)、七つ(ななつ)、八(やっ)つ、九(ここの)つ、十(じゅう)、十一(じゅういち)、十(じゅう)二(に)、……幾(いく)つ 音読：一(いち)、ニ(に)、三(さん)、四(よ、し)、五(ご)、六(ろく)、七(しち或なな)、八(はち)、九(きゅう或く)、十(、じゅう)、十一(じゅういち)、十二(じゅうに)…… 2.表示人： 一人(ひとり)、二人(ふたり)、三人(さんにん)、四人(よにん)、五人(ごにん)、六人(ろくにん)、七人(しちにん)、八人(はちにん)、九人(、きゅうにん)、十人(じゅうにん)、……何人(なんにん)3.表示比人小的動物： 匹、只、條（如狗、貓、魚等）
二匹(にひき)、三匹(さんびき)、四匹(よひき)、五匹(ごひき)、六匹(ろっぴき)、七匹(ななひき)、八匹(、はっぴき)、九匹(、きゅうひき)……何匹(なんひき)4.比人粗壯的動物： 頭（如牛、馬等）
一頭(いっとう)、二頭(にとう)……何頭(なんとう)5.鳥：只
一羽(いちわ)、二羽(にわ)、三羽(さんば)……百羽(ひゃっぱ)、何羽(なんわ)6.表示細(xì)長物體，把、根、束（如傘、筆、花等）
一本(いっぽん)、二本(にほん)、三本(さんぼん)、四本(よほん)、五本(ごほん)、六本(ろっぽん)、七本(ななほん)、八本、九本、十本(はっぽん、きゅうほん、じっぽん)……何本(なんぼん)7.扁平物體：
張、片、枚（如紙、郵票、碟子等）
一枚(いちまい)、二枚(にまい)、三枚(さんまい)……何枚(なんまい)8.機(jī)械類：
臺、輛（電視機(jī)、電話、汽車等）
一臺(いちだい)、二臺(にだい)、三臺(さんだい)……何臺(なんだい)?
注釈：
(1)這里的“も”表示超出預(yù)料。雨は三日も降り続いた。雨連下了三 天。
(2)名詞+をください：請給我…… 何か食べ物をください。請給我點吃的東西。お茶をください。請給我茶。
(3)止まれます：止まれる是止まる的可能態(tài)，表示能夠(4)動詞連用形+てください：請…，表示懇求。もう一度説明してください。請再說明一次。上司に連絡(luò)してください。請與上司聯(lián)系。
(5)助詞“で”除了表示場所外，還可以表示時間、價格、數(shù)量： これは千円で買ったのだ。這個是花了1000日元買的。三日で出來る。三天做好。?
練習(xí)A： その紙を１枚ください。1)卵 五つ 2)豚肉 ３００グラム 3)傘
二本 4)鳥
三羽 ?
練習(xí)B：
全部でいくらですか。１０００円です。1)４３００円
2)８１０００円 3)２５０円
4)３６００円
單 詞
たまご〔卵〕
（名）雞蛋 かう〔買う〕
（他五）購買 タバコ
（名）香煙 すう〔吸う〕
（他五）吸 とり〔鳥〕
（名）鳥
そら〔空〕
（名）天空 とぶ〔飛ぶ〕
（他五）飛翔 きって〔切手〕
（名）郵票 ノート
（名）筆記本 ちゅうしゃじょう〔駐車場〕
（名）停車場
くるま〔車〕
（名）車子，汽車 とまる〔止まる〕
（自五）停止，停下 こうちゃ〔紅茶〕
（名）紅茶 コーヒー
（名）咖啡 カメラ
（名）照相機(jī) うりば〔売場〕
（名）出售處，售貨處 おく〔奧〕
（名）里面，深處 りんご
（名）蘋果
おいしい〔美味しい〕
（形）美味的，好吃的 たいへん〔大変〕
（副）很，非常，了不得 やすい〔安い〕
（形）便宜的 みせる〔見せる〕
（他下一）給……看 ?
注釈：
(1)形容詞詞尾的い變?yōu)椁?，可以修飾動詞，如： 體が良くなりました。身體變得好起來了。楽しく毎日を過ごした。每天過得很快樂。
(2)用言終止形+そうだ（そうです）：表示傳聞，意思是“聽說”。あの映畫はとても面白いそうだ。那出電影聽說很有趣。彼はぜんぜん知らないそうです。聽說他一點也不知道。
(3)用言連用形+そうだ（そうです）：表示狀態(tài)、行為的推測，“好象……、看來……” とてもうれしそうだ。好象很快樂的樣子。この會社は倒れそうです。那家公司看來要倒閉了。
(4)ましょう是ます的推量形，主要用于表示決心和勸誘。一緒に行きましょうか。一起去吧。
(5)よう：助動詞，在這里表示推測、委婉的判斷，“好象，看樣子” 雨が上がったようだ。雨好象停了。
彼は疲れているようです?？礃幼铀芾?。
(6)あてにならない：詞組，靠不住 彼の言うことはあてにならない。他說的話靠不住。あてになる：可靠、靠得住
彼はあてになる男だ。
他是位可靠的男人。?
練習(xí)A： 雨が降りそうです。
1)遅れる
2)風(fēng)邪を引く 3)溫度が下がる 4)暑くなる ?
練習(xí)B : 天気予報によると、明日は雨が降るそうです。
１）晴れる
２）曇る
３）強(qiáng)い風(fēng)が吹く ４）雨になる
５）寒くなる 單 詞
てんき〔天気〕
（名）天氣 さむい〔寒い〕
（形）寒冷
だんだん
（副）漸漸地 あたたかい〔暖かい〕
どう
てんきよほう〔天気予報〕
…による
くもり〔曇り〕
ときどき〔時々〕
はれ〔晴れ〕
のち〔後〕
まっくら〔真っ暗〕
どしゃぶり〔土砂降り〕
かみなり〔雷〕
なる〔鳴る〕
いなびかり〔稲光〕
すごい〔凄い〕
あまやどり〔雨宿り〕
きおん〔気溫〕
さいこう〔最高〕
さいてい〔最低〕
やむ〔止む〕
きり〔霧〕
たつ〔立つ〕
なかなか
ふかい〔深い〕
むしあつい〔蒸し暑い〕
あせ〔汗〕
びっしょり
かぜ〔風(fēng)〕
つよい〔強(qiáng)い〕
ふね〔船〕
（形）暖和的（副）怎樣，如何
（名）天氣預(yù)報
根據(jù)… 陰天（副）時常，有時
（名）晴天（名）后，以后
（名、形動）漆黑
（名）傾盤大雨（名）雷（自五）響，鳴（名）閃電
（形）驚人的，厲害的（名、自サ）避雨
（名）氣溫（名）最高
（名）最低
（自五）停，?。╈F
（自五）站起，生起
（副）很，非常
（形）深的，濃重的（形）悶熱的（名）汗
（副）汗流浹背
（名）風(fēng)
（形）強(qiáng)烈的（名）船
（名）
しゅっこう〔出航〕
（名、自サ）（船）出航，（飛機(jī)）起飛 より
（副、助）比較的基準(zhǔn) ふりだす〔降り出す〕
（自五）下出（雨、雪）かさをさす〔傘を差す〕
打傘 くらべる〔比べる〕
（他下一）比較
かんぱ〔寒波〕
（名）寒潮
日本の祝祭日と年中行事
國の祝祭日
季節(jié)の行事 一月
１日
元日
15日
成人の日
年始まわり
二月
11日
建國記念日
3日ごろ 節(jié)分 14日
三月
8日
國際婦人?
23日ごろ 春分の日
3日
ひな祭り 四月
29日
緑の日
花見 五月
3日
憲法記念日 4日
休日
5日
子供の日
ゴールデンウィーク（７）5日
端午の節(jié)句 六月
梅雨 七月
7日
七夕
中元
お盆
八月
舊盆 九月
15日
敬老の日 23日ごろ 秋分の日
臺風(fēng)
月見
十月
10日
體育の日
紅葉 十一月
3日
文化の日
23日
勤労感謝の日
15日
七五三（８）十二月
２３日
天皇誕生日
歳暮 25日
クリスマス 31日
大晦日 注釈：
(1)名詞+らしい：らしい是接尾詞，接名詞下構(gòu)成形容詞，“象……的樣子，象……似的” 男らしい人。象個男人似的 子供らしい。象個小孩子
(2)申し上げる是言う的謙語，“說、講”。心からお禮を申し上げます。衷心感謝。
(3)やってきました是…てくる的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式、…てくる表示動作、狀態(tài)的趨勢由遠(yuǎn)及近逐漸發(fā)生變化。意思是“…起來”，有時可不直接翻譯出來。
日本語を勉強(qiáng)する人は増えてきました。學(xué)習(xí)日語的人多起來了。部屋の溫度は上がってきました。室內(nèi)溫度上升了。
(4)日本的書信開頭習(xí)慣于寫上一兩句關(guān)于季節(jié)的問候語，２１２、２１４、２１５、２１８、２２０、２２４、２２５
就是一年四季常用的書信用語。(5)ほど表示程度。泣きたいほどうれしかった。高興得要哭起來。今年は去年ほど暑くない。今年不象去年那么熱。
(6)ゴールデンウィーク：黃金周，五月的第一個星期節(jié)日，一個接一個，加上周六、周日，可以休息一個星期，很多人
利用這段長假期去旅游、探親，故稱黃金周。
(7)七五三：日本孩子成長的祝賀儀式（日本男孩三歲、五歲時，女孩三歲、七歲時，在11月15日去拜祭氏族神）練習(xí)：
臺風(fēng)のシーズンがやってきました。1)物価 上がる
2)人口 増える
3)溫度 下がる
4)生活 よくなる
單 詞
あける〔明ける〕
（自下一）過（年），期滿 しんねん〔新年〕
（名）新年 さくら〔桜〕
（名）櫻花 まんかい〔満開〕
（名、自サ）盛開 きせつ〔季節(jié)〕
（名）季節(jié) はなみ〔花見〕
（名、自サ）賞花，賞櫻花 やなぎ〔柳〕
（名）柳樹 め〔芽〕
（名）芽
ふきだし〔吹き出し〕
（自
五、他五）冒出，噴出 だいぶ〔大分〕
（副）很，頗，相當(dāng) よみがえる〔蘇る〕
（自五）復(fù)蘇，蘇醒 つゆ〔梅雨〕
（名）梅雨 はいる〔入る〕
（自五）進(jìn)入，開始（季節(jié)）みまい〔見舞い〕
（名）慰問，探望 たいふう〔臺風(fēng)〕
（名）臺風(fēng) シーズン
（名）季節(jié)
きびしい〔厳しい〕
（形）嚴(yán)峻的，極度的 おり〔折り〕
（名）時候
じゅうごや〔十五夜〕
（名）陰歷十五的夜晚 もみじ〔紅葉〕
（名）紅葉
ひましに〔日増しに〕
（副）逐日地，一天比一天 ふかまる〔深まる〕
（自五）加深，深入下去 かんじる〔感じる〕
（他上一）感覺 はいさつ〔拝察〕
（名、自サ）想，理解 ねる〔寢る〕
（自下一）睡覺 しょうがつ〔正月〕
（名）正月，新年 おとし〔お年〕
（名）年，除夕 むかえる〔迎える〕
（他下一）迎接 スキー
（名、自サ）滑雪 だいじょうぶ〔大丈夫〕
（形動）放心，靠得住 がんじつ〔元日〕
（名）元旦 ねんしまわり〔年始回り〕
（名、自サ）拜年 せつぶん〔節(jié)分〕
（名）立春的前一天
ひなまつり〔雛祭り〕
（名）偶人節(jié)、桃花節(jié)（三月三日陳列木偶人，貢上點心、江米酒、桃花以祝愿女兒幸福）
たんご〔端午〕
（名）端午節(jié) たなばた〔七夕〕
（名）七夕，乞巧節(jié) ちゅうげん〔中元〕
（名）中元節(jié) おぼん〔お盆〕
（名）盂蘭盆節(jié)
時間的讀法
Ａ、１時(いちじ)、２時(にじ)、３時(さんじ)、４時(よじ)、5時(ごじ)、6時(ろくじ)、７時(しちじ)、８時(はちじ)、９時(くじ)、10時(じゅうじ)、１１時(じゅういちじ)、１２時(じゅうにじ)、零時(れいじ)（７時：ななじ ９時：きゅうじ）
Ｂ、１分(いっぷん)、２分(にふん)、３分(さんぶん)、４分(よんふん)、５分(ごふん)、６分(ろっぷん)、７分(ななふん)、８分(はちふん)、９分(きゅうふん)、１０分(じっぷん)、１５分(じゅうごふん)、２０分(にじっぷん)、３０分(さんじっぷん)、４０分(よんじっぷん)Ｃ、1時15分(いちじじゅうごふん)、2時半(にじはん)、3時45分(さんじよんじゅうごふん)、4時10分前(よじじっぷんまえ)Ｄ、明け方（あけかた）拂曉
朝（あさ）早上 午前（ごぜん）上午
晝間（ひるま）白天 午後（ごご）下午
夕方（ゆうがた）傍晚 夜（よる）晚上
深夜（しんや）深夜 夜明け（よあけ）天亮
北京時間（ぺきんじかん）北京時間 時差（じさ）
時差 ?
注釋：
(1)通りに：照……的樣，如……的樣 習(xí)った通りに作る。按所學(xué)的那樣做。
わたしの思った通りになった。正如我所料。
(2)動詞連用形+てほしい：表示希望、要求。これから注意して欲しい。希望今后要注意。早くお金を返して欲しい。
希望早點還錢。
すぎ
（接尾）超過 ちょうど
（副）剛好，正好 はじまる〔始まる〕
（自五）開始 すすむ〔進(jìn)む〕
（自五）（鐘、表）快 つく〔著く〕
（自五）到，到達(dá) ひこうき〔飛行機(jī)〕
（名）飛機(jī) ていこく〔定刻〕
（名）定時、準(zhǔn)時 おくれる〔遅れる〕
（自下一）遲到 もどる〔戻る〕
（自五）回來 せんむ〔専務(wù)〕
（名）常務(wù)董事 ジャス
（名）日本佳速航空公司 うちあわせ〔打ち合わせ〕
（名、他サ）商量、會晤、洽談 こうじょう〔工場〕
（名）工廠 かんげいかい〔歓迎會〕
（名）歡迎會 もよおす〔催す〕
（自他五）舉行，主辦 こしつ〔個室〕
（名）房間、包廂 よやく〔予約〕
（名、他サ）預(yù)約 日期的表現(xiàn)：
1．一年之中：一月(いちがつ)、（年始(ねんし)）、二月(にがつ)、三月(さんがつ)、四月(しがつ)、五月(ごがつ)、六月(ろくがつ)、七月(しちがつ)、八月(はちがつ)、九月(くがつ)、十月(じゅうがつ)、十一月(じゅういちがつ)、十二月(じゅうにがつ)（年末(ねんまつ)）
2．一周之中：日曜日(にちようび)星期天
月曜日(げつようび)星期一
火曜日(かようび)星期二
水曜日(すいようび)星期三
木曜日(もくようび)星期四
金曜日(きんようび)星期五
土曜日(どようび)星期六
3．一月之中（２）：１日(ついたち)、2日(ふつか)、3日(みっか)、4日(よっか)、5日(いつか)、６日(むいか)、７日(なのか)、８日(ようか)、９日(ここのか)、１０日(とおか)、１１日(じゅういちにち)、１２日(じゅうににち)……19日(じゅうきゅうにち)、２０日(はつか)、２１日(にじゅういちにち)…３０日(さんじゅうにち)、３１日(さんじゅういちにち)4． 年號
江戸時代(えどじだい)
近世（明治維新）
__
1868年
明治(めいじ)元年
__
1912年
大正(たいしょう)元年
近代
__
1926年
昭和(しょうわ)元年
__
1945年
昭和２０年日本戰(zhàn)敗
現(xiàn)代
__
1989年
平成(へいせい)元年 ５、其他：
一昨日(おととい)
前天
昨日(きのう)昨天
今日(きょう)
今天
明日(あした)
明天
明後日(あさって)后天
一昨年(おととし)
前年
去年(きょねん)
去年
今年(ことし)
今年
來年(らいねん)
明年
再來年(さらいねん)
后年
年末(ねんまつ)年底
月末(げつまつ)
月底
週末(しゅうまつ)、ウィークエンド 周末 毎月(まいつき)每月
毎日(まいにち)
每天
毎週(まいしゅう)每周毎年(まいとし)
每年
先日(せんじつ)天
祭日(さいじつ)
(日本傳統(tǒng))節(jié)日
前日(ぜんじつ)前天 祝日(しゅくじつ)(日本政府)法定節(jié)日
休日(きゅうじつ)
假日 ?
注釈：
(1)お目にかかる：是“會う”的敬語，意思是“會面，見面”。お目にかかれてうれしいです。很高興見到您。
單 詞
こっけいせつ〔國慶節(jié)〕
（名）國慶節(jié) うまれ〔生まれ〕
（名）出生 たんじょうび〔誕生日〕
（名）生日
せいねんがっぴ〔生年月日〕
（名）出身日期 とうちゃく〔到著〕
（名、自サ）到達(dá) よろしい〔宜しい〕
（形）好的
つごう〔都合〕
（名、他サ）方便，合適 けっこう〔結(jié)構(gòu)〕
（名、副、形動）可以，好的，不錯 かくにん〔確認(rèn)〕
（名、他サ）確認(rèn) せいれき〔西暦〕
（名）公歷 きげん〔紀(jì)元〕
（名）公元 だいがくいん〔大學(xué)院〕
（名）研究生院 にゅうがく〔入學(xué)〕
（名、自サ）入學(xué) しけん〔試験〕
（名）考試 おこなう〔行う〕
（他五）舉行、舉辦 がんしょ〔願書〕
（名）申請書 せんもんかもく〔専門科目〕
（名）專業(yè)課 がいこくご〔外國語〕
（名）外語
前幾 ?
注釈：
(1)「催される」是「催す」的被動態(tài)。(2)動詞終止形+つもり：打算，計劃 どこへ行くつもりですか。打算去哪里？
(3)動詞連用形+なさい：表示溫和語氣的命令。早く行きなさい。快點去吧。
テープを聴いて練習(xí)しなさい。請聽錄音帶練習(xí)。
(4)動詞連用形+ておく：表示預(yù)先做好某種準(zhǔn)備動作。今のうちに読んでおきましょう。趁這會兒先看一遍。
(5)動詞連用形+てしまう：表示動作已完成或表示違背自己的意愿而感到遺憾。突然死んでしまう。突然死掉了。すぐ読んでしまう。很快就讀完。
(6)…というのは…ことです：表示定義，“所謂…就是…” 著者というのはその本を書いた人のことです。所謂作者就是寫這本書的人。
マイカーというのは自家用車のことです。所謂私家車就是指自己家擁有的車。
單 詞
にんげん〔人間〕
（名）人類 ねむる〔眠る〕
（自五）睡眠 みゃく〔脈〕
（名）脈搏 うつ〔打つ〕
（他五）跳動，打擊 りょこう〔旅行〕
（名、自サ）旅行 ひま〔暇〕
（名）空閑 かよう〔通う〕
（自五）來往，通行 ちゅうじゅん〔中旬〕
（名）中旬 かいそう〔改裝〕
（名、他サ）改建 るす〔留守〕
（名）沒人，出門，不在 でんわをかける〔電話をかける〕
打電話 しゃべる〔喋る〕
（他自五）說，講 くらい〔暗い〕
（形）黑暗的 わすれる〔忘れる〕
（他下一）忘記 てちょう〔手帳〕
（名）筆記本
へん〔変〕
（名、形動）奇怪，古怪 つきあう〔付き合う〕
（自五）交往，相處 そなえる〔備える〕
（他五）準(zhǔn)備 レポート
（名）報告 たいきん〔退勤〕
（名、自サ）下班 ?
注釈：
(1)ていらっしゃいます是ている的敬語。何を書いていらっしゃいますか。您在寫什么？
(2)死なれて是自動詞死ぬ的被動態(tài)，在這里表示被害或受干攪。遠(yuǎn)足の途中で雨に降られた。遠(yuǎn)行途中被雨淋了。(3)そうすると：這么說。
そうすると、來週から休みですか。這么說，下周開始休息了。
單 詞
きょうだい〔兄弟〕
（名）兄弟姐妹 すえっこ〔末っ子〕
（名）最小的孩子 かぞく〔家族〕
（名）家庭 ぎんこう〔銀行〕
（名）銀行 してんちょう〔支店長〕
（名）分行 しゅふ〔主婦〕
（名）家庭婦女 けっこん〔結(jié)婚〕
（名、自サ）結(jié)婚 どくしん〔獨身〕
（名）獨身，單身 テレビきょく〔テレビ局〕
（名）電視臺 アナウンサー
（名）播音員 いちひめにたろう〔一姫二太郎〕
(詞組)大女兒，二兒子 あかちゃん〔赤ちゃん〕
（名）嬰兒 しぬ〔死ぬ〕
（自五）死 ひとりぼっち〔一人ぼっち〕
孤零零一個人 かわいそう
（形）可憐的
たいざい〔滯在〕
（名、自サ）停留，逗留 めずらしい〔珍しい〕
（形）珍貴的，少有的 ゆうしゅう〔優(yōu)秀〕
（形動）優(yōu)秀
?
注釈：
(1)「…で働く」和「…に勤める」都是“在……地方工作”之意，二者的動詞和助詞的搭配是固定的。
(2)
…ができる：能夠，可以，會 野球ができる。會打棒球。本語ができる。會說日語。
(3)「される」是「する」的被動態(tài)。(4)「たいした」…「ない」：沒什么了不起的 大した病気ではない。不是什么大病。
彼の英語は大したものではない。他的英語沒什么了不起的。
(5)「…てくださいませんか」是「…てください」的委婉說法。單 詞
ぎんこういん〔銀行員〕
（名）銀行職員 かいしゃいん〔會社員〕
（名）公司職員 パイロット
（名）飛行員
しゅうしょく〔就職〕
（名、自サ）就業(yè)，參加工作 りっぱ〔立派〕
（形動）優(yōu)秀，出色 しゅうにゅう〔収入〕
（名）收入 ならう〔習(xí)う〕
（他五）學(xué)習(xí)いかす〔生かす〕
（他五）發(fā)揮 めんせつ〔面接〕
（名、自サ）面試 つうやく〔通訳〕
（名、他サ）翻譯 しごとをやめる〔仕事を辭める〕
(詞組)辭職 かさねる〔重ねる〕
（他下一）重復(fù) ていねん〔定年〕
（名）退休 にんめい〔任命〕
（名、他サ）任命 ざんぎょう〔殘業(yè)〕
（名、自サ）加班 げっきゅう〔月給〕
（名）月薪 てあて〔手當(dāng)〕
（名）補貼 りれきしょ〔履歴書〕
（名）簡歷 ひしょ〔秘書〕
（名）秘書 きゅうよ〔給與〕
（名）工資 ボーナス
（名）獎金 しきゅう〔支給〕
（名、他サ）支付 ?
補充：
アラブ
阿拉伯
オーストリア
澳大利亞 パキスタン
巴基斯坦
ブラジル
巴西 ペルギー
比利時
ペルー
秘魯 ポーランド
波蘭
韓國朝鮮
韓國朝鮮 デンマーク
丹麥
フィリピン
菲律賓 フィンランド
芬蘭
キューバ
古巴 カナダ
加拿大
カンボジア
柬埔寨 ケニア
肯尼亞
マレーシア
馬來西亞 アメリカ
美國
モンゴル
蒙古 ドイツ
德國
メキシコ
墨西哥 インド
印度
イタリア
意大利 スペイン
西班牙
ギリシャ
希臘 トルコ
土耳其
タイ
泰國 ロシア
俄國
スイス
瑞士 ベトナム
越南
インドネシア
印度尼西亞 香港
香港
マカオ
澳門 ?
注釋：
(1)話せる是話す的可能態(tài)，動詞可能態(tài)的詞尾變化規(guī)律如下： 一段動詞：未然形+られる：教える→教えられる 山田さんが英語が教えられます。山田先生會教英語。
五段動詞：詞尾變化為所在行エ段假名る：書く→書ける、持つ→持てる サリーさんはまだ漢字が読めません。莎利小姐還不會讀漢字。カ變動詞：來る→こられる 午前中は忙しくて、こられません。上午很忙，來不了。サ變動詞：要用できる 今日、修理できません。今天不能修理。(2)…は…ができる：
サリーさんは日本語を話すことができる。この會社は一ヶ月に５０００臺作ることができる。(3)…たことがある：
日本へ行ったことがありますか。(4)…人…語
中國人、中國語；インド人、インド語；ドイツ人、ドイツ語
すこし〔少し〕
（副）一點點 すっかり
（副）全部，完全，都
ぺらぺら
（副）滔滔不絕地，口若懸河地 はつおん〔発音〕
（名、他サ）發(fā)音 もうしこむ〔申し込む〕
（他五）申請，報名 しょじゅん〔初旬〕
（名）上旬 バス
（名）公共汽車 やさしい〔易しい〕
（形）容易的，ほんやく〔翻訳〕
（名、他サ）翻譯，筆譯 日本特有的家具
たたみ
〔畳〕
榻榻米，草席
ふすま
〔襖〕
（兩面糊紙的）隔扇 しょうじ
〔障子〕
（木框紙糊的）拉門，拉窗 こたつ
〔炬燵〕
（取暖用的）暖爐，被爐 たんす
〔簞笥〕
衣柜，衣櫥 びょうぶ 〔屏風(fēng)〕
屏風(fēng) 普通家居用語：
げんかん
〔玄関〕
玄關(guān)，門口 ドア
大門 ホール
大廳
おうせつしつ
〔忚接室〕
會客室 しょさい
〔書斎〕
書房 いま
〔居間〕
起居室 こどもへや
〔子供部屋〕
兒童房 しょくどう
〔食堂〕
餐廳 しんしつ
〔寢室〕
臥市 せんめんじょ
〔洗面所〕
洗手間 やね
〔屋根〕
屋頂 ?
注釋：
(1)…まま：一如原樣，照…的樣子 靴のまま上がっても良いですよ。穿著鞋子進(jìn)屋也可以。家を出たまま帰ってきません。離開家再也沒有回來。
單 詞
マンション
エアコン
つく〔付く〕
テーブル
おちる〔落ちる〕
そうじ〔掃除〕
とくに〔特に〕
ていねい〔丁寧〕
しょくたく〔食卓〕
かざる〔飾る〕
しょっき〔食器〕
ベランダ
ちょうぼう〔眺望〕
ろうか〔廊下〕
つきあたり〔突き當(dāng)たり〕
カーテン
かける〔掛ける〕
ベッド
こまる〔困る〕
たとえば〔例えば〕
トイレ
（名）公寓
（名）空調(diào)
（自五）附有，帶有
（名）桌子，飯桌
（自上一）掉，落
（名、他サ）打掃，掃除
（副）特別地
（名，形動）細(xì)心周到，仔細(xì)慎重
（名）飯桌
（他五）裝飾，擺設(shè)
（名）餐具
（名）陽臺
（名、自他）眺望
（名）走廊
（名）盡頭
（名）窗簾
（他下一）掛
（名）床
（自五）為難，不好辦
（副）比如，例如
（名）洗手間
第四篇：新東方筆記總結(jié)語法+詞匯
第1課
如果想達(dá)到85分以上，詞匯應(yīng)該錯6個以內(nèi)。
Jump for the sun, at least you land on the moon.目標(biāo)定的高一點有好處。
4200單詞要求對于4級考試，高三畢業(yè)是1800個單詞。
我喜歡這里： I like here.Right: I like it here.I can succeed.Right: I can do it.I can make it.注意生活中的英語： Nike勝利女神。Just do it.生活中的英語： Did you have a pleasant journey?(這時要用降調(diào))
I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me.Oh, thank god!He’s not the president now.(我很害怕)I was just screwed up.(我一團(tuán)糟)四級考試中常見的考察詞匯的題型：
I 押韻題型（押頭韻、押尾韻）；
答案總在相似中，如果有三個一樣，基本上就在其中了。
54.The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded.A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently
continue v.繼續(xù)，連續(xù)； continually adv.時斷時續(xù)地； continuously adv.連續(xù)不斷地。
說不停的咳嗽時，continually是間歇的時斷時續(xù)的咳嗽，continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。
consequently adv.因此，所以；(heavy rain大雨, light rain小雨)constantly adv.始終如一地，連續(xù)發(fā)生地；constant temperature 恒溫
consistently adv.一貫地，一致地； consistent adj.consistent policy 一貫的政策。
36.I hate people who _C_ the end of a film that you haven't seen before.A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse
rewrite v.重寫，改寫； revise vt.修改，修正； reveal vt.揭示，揭露；
reverse vt.顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)，使反向。(vers是詞根，表示轉(zhuǎn)動；re是前綴，表示向相反方向)42.There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available
performance n.表演，演出，演奏； perform vt.possible adj.可能的
動詞后加able構(gòu)成形容詞通常表示“可…的” read-> readable accept-> acceptable consider vt.考慮； considerable adj.(數(shù)量或尺寸)相當(dāng)大(或多)的。
preferable adj.更好的，更可取的；
available* adj.可獲得的，可利用的，可支配的。(重點詞)
33.In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _D_ for living expenses.A acceptable B applicable C advisable D available living expenses 生活費； acceptable adj.可接受的；
apply vt.申請，應(yīng)用； applicable adj.可應(yīng)用的，適當(dāng)?shù)?，合適的；
advise vt.建議； advice n.建議； advisable adj.明智的，可取的。
54.It is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A consistent B continuous C considerate D continual
achieve unity through peaceful means 通過和平手段取得統(tǒng)一； consistent policy 一貫政策
II 構(gòu)詞法題型(詞的轉(zhuǎn)化，合成，派生)；
構(gòu)成符合形容詞的名詞和數(shù)量詞一律用單數(shù)。(見下面2個例題)
31.Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our 1 attention.A three-hours B three-hour C three-hours’ D three-hour’s 267.Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday.A two-thousand-words B two-thousands-word C two-thousand-word D two-thousands-words
以ly結(jié)尾的不全是副詞； friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, lively adj.考試中常見的否定前綴： un-、dis-、in-、im-
56._B_ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A Dislike B Unlike C Alike D Liking
like vt.喜歡； dislike vt.不喜歡，厭惡； unlike prep.不象…；
alike adj.& adv.同樣的(地)，相象的(地)； liking n.愛好，嗜好；
take a liking for喜歡…，對…產(chǎn)生好感。
III近義詞含義比較；
44.There were some _A_ flowers on the table.A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal
unreal adj.不真實的(不是真實世界所擁有的，虛幻的)； Ends justify means 不擇手段；
false adj.具有欺騙性的，假的，偽造的； false coin/passport/hair，a false tooth/false teeth unnatural adj.不自然的，經(jīng)常用來修飾人的行為舉止，表示做作的，矯揉造作的。
artificial adj.人造人為的 artificial leg 假肢artificial leather 人造皮 genuine leather 真皮
54.When people become unemployed, it is _C_ which is often worse than lack of wages.A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability
laziness n.懶惰； poverty n.貧窮； poor adj.貧窮的；
idleness n.無事可做(中性，有時也有貶義含義)； inability n.沒有能力，沒有辦法。
69.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen.They are a thorough _A_.A nuisance B trouble C worry D anxiety
invade 進(jìn)攻，侵略； nuisance n.(具體的)令人討厭的東西； trouble n.煩惱，麻煩，問題；
worry n.擔(dān)心，發(fā)愁； anxiety n.焦慮。What a nuisance.真是煩。
IV 搭配關(guān)系問題；
extent n.程度； to...extent 到達(dá)…程度，在…程度之上； extent 只能和to搭配。
object vi.反對； object + to + 動名詞（動詞的ing形式）。
objection n.反對； objection + to + 動名詞（動詞的ing形式）。
V 形相近，意相遠(yuǎn)；
65.In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _A_ spring.A late B last C latter D later
late adj.晚的，晚于通常時間的； late spring 晚春、暮春； last adj.最后的，最終的；
later adj.更晚的（late的比較級）、時間概念后一半的；只適用于表示某個世紀(jì)的后半期；
The later twentieth century.二十世紀(jì)的后一半。
latter adj.（兩者中）后者的； former adj.（兩者中）前者的；
59.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _B_ in the market.A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels
battery n.電池； bargain n.特價商品； It’s really a bargain.你真會買東西，不是說真便宜。
basket n.籃子； barrel n.桶； wonderful bargain 物美價廉的商品；bargain v.討價還價；
53.Remember that customers don’t _D_ about prices in that city.2 A debate B consult C dispute D bargain-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------
41.The bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A after B with C by D from
cause 事業(yè)； be named after 以…的名字命名；
42.There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available preferable adj.更好的，更可取的；
358._C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to
具有比較意味的形容詞只要與介詞to搭配即可表示其比較級。super-表示在…上方，超過… inferior adj.低于…的，劣于…的； superior adj.高于…的，優(yōu)于…的； prior adj.在…之前的Revolutionary War 特指美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭；second adj.第二的（含有比較意味，也與to搭配）
He is second to none.首屈一指，無與倫比；
30.Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from
43.It wasn't such a good dinner _C_ she had promised us.A that B which C as D what
such … that … 如此… 以至于… ； sb + be + ___ + sth 空格處應(yīng)為能加雙賓語的動詞；
加雙賓語的動詞的用法：動詞 + sb + sth（主動形式）； sb + be + pp + sth（被動形式）；
59.American women were _D_ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.[the right to vote 選舉權(quán)]
A ignored B neglected C refused D denied deny v.否認(rèn)，拒絕；deny sb sth 拒絕給予某人某物；
44.They decided to chase the cow away _C_ it did more damage.A unless B until C before D although
45._B_ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A Each B Any C Either D One
common sense 常識； each 這個詞在英語中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是個體與眾不同的特點；
any 這個詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是很多東西在一起的共性； either 兩者之間任何一個；
31.The medicine is on sale everywhere.You can get it at _C_ chemist’s.A each B some C any D certain
46.All _D_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed
當(dāng)all作定語從句的先行詞時，從句只能用that來引導(dǎo)； all that = what
47._A_ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing
本題的關(guān)鍵是弄清compare與mountain的關(guān)系； when 可以直接加過去分詞；
before(after)+ being + 過去分詞；
44.After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed They lose their health to make money, and they lose their money to restore health.48._C_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.[專家] A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom
C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that
本題重點是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式； 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人且在句子中作賓語時，其余部分可用whom引導(dǎo)；
49.If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _D_.A suit B set C one D pair
50.Many new _A_ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities 51.He must have had an accident, or he _A_ then.A would have been here B had to be here C should be here D would be here must have + 過去分詞 表示對過去行為的肯定推測；
與過去事態(tài)相反用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 過去分詞 來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣；
must 一定，必須； needn't, don't have to 不必；
53.You _A_ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A needn’t have done B must not have done C shouldn’t have done D can not have done
should have + 過去分詞 本應(yīng)該，本應(yīng)當(dāng)； shouldn't have done本不應(yīng)該，本不應(yīng)當(dāng)；
44.It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _D_ it.A mustn’t have done B wouldn’t have done C mightn’t have done D didn’t have to do
52.It was essential that the applications forms _C_ back before the deadline.A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent
It be essential that 后面一定用虛擬語氣，且句子謂語動詞固定為(should)+ 動詞原型；
It was essential that the applications forms send back before the deadline.53.We _D_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had when 還可以表示①剛..就…（有動作先后關(guān)系）、②恰在此時；
44.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices.A as B while C after D when
45.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _C_ something occurred which attracted my attention.A unless B until C when D while
46.It was essential that these application forms _D_ back as early as possible.A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent
第2課
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子（或者句子，短語）
1.當(dāng)短語部分有獨立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格。（它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語）。
獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的，正在進(jìn)行的行為；過去分詞表示被動的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞（代詞）之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當(dāng)動作由名詞（代詞）發(fā)出時使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞（代詞）是受動者時則用過去分詞。
54.Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.A followed B following C to follow D being followed
49.All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消； cancel vt.取消； 四級中的考點就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語]
36.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged as well as 和（相當(dāng)于and）； be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵；
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對；being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
2.短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞（分詞短語）
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。
43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed perform vt.表演，演出，演奏；
to be performed 將要被演奏； being performed 正在被演奏；
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記； [反義] remember 記得；
這兩個詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為；這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事； forget doing sth.忘記做過某事；
remember to do sth.記得要去做某事； remember doing sth.記得做過某事；
62.I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him offer vt.提出，提供； offer sb.sth./ offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動作發(fā)出者 + 動名詞；當(dāng)動作發(fā)出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞；當(dāng)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞（賓格）+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格：him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二點：want 想要； want to do sth.想做某事； want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
48.Your hair wants _B_.You'd better have it done tomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut 注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
18.This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味； mean to do sth.打算做某事，意欲… ；mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
25.There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble.[reception desk 接待臺]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
5-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------55.The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected watch 看電視用，看比賽用； see 看電影用；
感官動詞watch, see, hear； 感官動詞 + 名詞（代詞）+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果； being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的過程。
56.The engine _D_ smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄； give in 屈服，讓步； give off 釋放，放出（煙和氣體）；
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲；婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程；贈送禮品。
57.The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb.+ 分詞； inform v.通知，告知； inform sb.of sth.通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
60.The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb.（注意要看整個句子）； fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him.我和他打起來了。I fight with him against her.我和他并肩對付她。
61.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之；above all 首先，尤其是；after all 畢竟，終究；overall 全面的，總體的in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
62._B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于（相當(dāng)于since）； ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個表達(dá)形式：
now that 既然，由于； in that 因為； except that 除…之外。
except后面加名詞或代詞；except that后面加句子。
63.What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬； This school is attached to Beida.這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。
responsible to 對…負(fù)有責(zé)任； resistant adj.反抗的，抵抗的； water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與..相反（相違背）。
64.John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做過某事； regret to do sth.遺憾的做某事（應(yīng)用語境非常有限）。
63.We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業(yè)； out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著； out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。
65.They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward in spite of 盡管； carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)。
66.Mrs.Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left
be supposed to do sth.應(yīng)該（理應(yīng)）做某事。
37.He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.A known B considered C regarded D supposed regard as 把…認(rèn)作
67.My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied
treat 對待，處理； I’ll treat you.我請客，應(yīng)用于真正請客之前。It’s on me.應(yīng)用于結(jié)帳時。
adjust vt.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)； adopt vt.收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)； remedy vt.彌補，補救，修正；
68.A new technique _C_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A working out B having worked out
C having been worked out D to have been worded out yields 產(chǎn)量； work out 作出，推出
關(guān)于百分?jǐn)?shù)之前介詞的用法
increase to 80 percent 增加到80%（增加到用to）
increase by 60 percent增加了60%（表示增加的幅度用by）
55.Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.A by B for C to D in
69.Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed spoil vt.寵壞，溺愛
70.When Mr.Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son.A take B hand C think D get
take over 接管接收； hand over 移交，交出； think over 仔細(xì)考慮； get over 克服，戰(zhàn)勝。
-------------------------1991-06-------------------------
41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _A_ one this month.A another B more C the other D other
不定代詞：1 兩者中的一個用one；另一個則用the other； 2 很多東西中的一個用one；
剩下的所有叫the others； 3 很多東西中的一個用one；剩下的所有里面再拿一個叫another；
在剩下的里面再拿一個還叫another（單數(shù)概念）； 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來用some；
剩下所有叫others； other 后通常要加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式； more 要用在數(shù)詞的后面
once more 再來一個（用于很不正式的場合）vravo 再來一個（用于正式場合）
44.No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.A the other B any other C another D other neither 兩者中任意一者都不
42.It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.A impression B reaction C comment D opinion reaction n.反應(yīng)； reaction to 對…作出反應(yīng)。
43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.A finish what I did B finished what I did
C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing
as soon as所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句與主句的時態(tài)搭配有一種情況是主從句都用一般過去時。
45.We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.A benefits B affects C guides D effects
affect vt.影響； effect n.影響。
46.Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?
A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of in relation to 與…相比； in contrast to 與…形成對照；
in excess of 超過，超出（一定的限定范圍）； in favor of 贊同，支持。
47.Children are very curious _D_.A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature
at heart 在心理，在內(nèi)心； heart 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是內(nèi)心的感情，mind 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是思維，頭腦，soul 靈魂
in person 親自，本人； on purpose 有意的，故意的； by nature 生性（天性）使然。
48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.A objected to having B were objected to have C objected to have D were objected to having
58.The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.A have told B having told C being told D be told confess v.懺悔； confess to 承認(rèn)，坦白。
49.The teacher doesn’t permit _C_ in class.A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke
permit v.允許，準(zhǔn)許； permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事； permit doing 允許做某事。
-------------------------2000-06-------------------------
21.As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel
22.These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.A all the information B all the informations C all of information D all of the informations
23.Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived 24.Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate in.[參與，參加]
A conservative B content C confident D generous
conservative adj.保守的； conservative party 保守黨； content adj.甘愿的，滿足的；
confident adj.自信的，有信心的； generous adj.慷慨的，大方的。
25.Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied
maintain 堅持認(rèn)為； medium n.媒體單數(shù)，media n.媒體復(fù)數(shù)；
grant vt.授予，給予； imply vt.隱含，暗示； exaggerate v.夸大，夸張，高估；
remedy vt.彌補，補救，修正。
26.These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.[victims 受害人]
A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded 27.I have no objection _B_ your story again.[object to + 動名詞] A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard
28.The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.A curiosity B status C determination D significance status n.身份，地位； significance n.意義，重要性；
29.By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate
accurate adj.精確的； urgent adj.緊急的，緊迫的； excessive adj.過多的，過度的；
adequate adj.充足的，足夠的。
30.You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising
31.The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.A go along with B go back on C go through D go into go through 經(jīng)歷
32.The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A would present B present C presents D ought to present
suggestion, suggest 所引導(dǎo)的句子都用虛擬語氣。should +（動詞原形）
34.Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.A to stop B stopping C stop D having stopped suggest + doing也可以
33.Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A whose B which C that D what whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.35.I didn't know the word.I had to _C_ a dictionary.A look out B make out C refer to D go over
look up 查閱； look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查單詞；
reference n.參考書目； reference room 資料室；
36.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory.[sufficient 充足的，足夠的；grounds 論據(jù)；arguments 論點] A to be based on B to base on C which to base on D on which to base
base vt.以…作基礎(chǔ)，基于… which引導(dǎo)從句時，如果從句是介詞結(jié)尾則介詞應(yīng)在which之前。
on which(he is)to base
37.There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A that B which C in which D whose
sign n.跡象； fact n.事實； evidence n.證據(jù)；后面常加同位語從句來說明具體內(nèi)容。
同位語從句用that（不能省略）引導(dǎo)。
38.I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.[or else 否則，要不然]
A or else B and then C or so D even so
39.It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable
partial adj.偏袒的，偏愛的（經(jīng)常與to或towards搭配）
40.In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures.[figures 數(shù)目，數(shù)據(jù)；extra 額外的，附加的]
A extensive B spare C extra D supreme
41.“I'm sorry.Mr.Williams _A_ to a conference long before then.” A will have gone B had gone C would have gone D has gone
當(dāng)要表達(dá)將來的行為在將來的某時間之前完成用將來完成時，將來完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：will have + p.p.42.You _D_ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A shouldn't follow B mustn't follow
C couldn't' have been following D shouldn't have been following should have + p.p.本應(yīng)該； shouldn’t have + p.p.本不應(yīng)該
43.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A have allowed B allow C allowing D allows
part-time 兼職； full-time 全職； flexible working patterns 彈性工作制； training 培訓(xùn)；
retraining 再培訓(xùn)； take advantage 利用；
44.Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined assembled 聚集； secretary 書記。
45.Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.A include B involve C contain D comprise involve 引起，與…直接有關(guān)
46.Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least.[the least 最高級]
A with which B for which C of which D which
42.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _C_ obtaining water is not the least.[the least 最高級]
A for which B to which C of which D in which
47.In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to million.[in the event of 萬一，如果]
A face B time C event D course
in the face of 面對； in the time of 在…時期； in the course of 在…期間。
48.The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work
would rather + 動詞原形； would rather + 句子（用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞用一般過去時）
49._D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her
如果用although引導(dǎo)則應(yīng)改成：Although he likes her very much, …
50.The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.[無論是在空格前還是后，如果出現(xiàn)了名詞extent要找介詞就著to] A within B to C by D at to a large extent 在很大程度上。
第3課
倒裝：倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
謂語部分所有單詞都放在主語前是全部倒裝。謂語的一部分放在主語的前面是部分倒裝。
謂語中的一部分通常是指：
1、系動詞；
2、助動詞；
3、情態(tài)動詞。
全部倒裝的五條原則：
1.There be句型（表示有）；
2.以There或now開頭的句子，且句子謂語動詞為come或go；
There you go again.你又去那里了。
3.以Here開頭的句子，且句子謂語動詞為系動詞be； Here you are.拿去。
4.以副詞out, in, up, down, away開頭的句子；
在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主語是代詞則用陳述句語序。
5.以狀語（常見的是地點狀語）開頭的句子。
部分倒裝的六條原則：
1.so放在句首時表示承前肯定，這個句子用部分倒裝；
nor, neither放在句首時表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝；
2.省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個提到從句最前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；
3.as, though表示“盡管”時引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝；
系動詞后面的部分就是表語，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語可以置于系動詞之后。
例如：She is beautiful.They are students.四級考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語的形式。
26._B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個從句，且as前為一個空格時他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語。
being published 正在被出版； to be published 將要被出版。
此句恢復(fù)正常語序應(yīng)為： As it was published at such a time … 4.表示否定含義的單詞或短語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；
常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never, little, few, hardly(… when), scarcely(… when)；
seldom 難得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。
常見的一些表示否定含義的短語：in no way 決不； on no account 決不；
under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。
5.only + 狀語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；（如果only去掉就是全部倒裝）
43.Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生； make up for 彌補，補償； make-up tests 補考（緩考）。
6.注意兩個表達(dá)形式：come what may 無論發(fā)生什么情況； say what you will 暢所欲言。
-------------------------1991-06-------------------------強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的補充內(nèi)容：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問詞時的情況。
60.When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is prevent sb.from doing sth.妨礙（阻止）某人做某事。
強(qiáng)調(diào)部分本為： it is what that prevents so many …
又因為句中有疑問詞，應(yīng)寫為： what is it that prevents so...11 但強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在句中作賓語成分，故正確寫法為： what it is that … 50.I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go
than 除構(gòu)成固定短語外就要與比較級搭配，不會單獨出現(xiàn)； rather than + 動詞原形；
平行結(jié)構(gòu)，遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時應(yīng)做的兩步： 找出連接詞，2 使要填部分與已給出的對應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。
51.I appreciate _D_ to your home.A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited appreciate + 動名詞（不能加動詞原形，不能加句子）。
41.I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep your keeping 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。you keeping 也是正確的。
52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.A regard B counting C account D observation take sth.into account 考慮。
54.Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.A take away B take over C take up [占據(jù)] D take in
55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.A got off B got across C got away D got over got over it 克服戰(zhàn)勝。
56.Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.A rate B speed C pace D growth
pace 節(jié)奏； rapid pace of modern life現(xiàn)在生活快節(jié)奏。
57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely
rarely, usually 都是頻度副詞。通常頻度副詞的位置在系動詞之后，表示實在意思的詞前面。
58.The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A having known B being known C knowing D known
know 沒有現(xiàn)在分詞；know 用主動形式時只能和兩個介詞搭配：of, about。
known for 以…而著名。
60.I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.A a large enough coat B an enough large coat C a large coat enough D a coat enough large enough 修飾形容詞時要放到形容詞后面。
61.I always _B_ what I have said.A get to B hold to C lead to D see to
本題所有選項中的to都是介詞，其后加動詞動名詞的形式。
hold to 堅守，信守； see to 負(fù)責(zé)做，處理，照料（后面加的都是某件事情，不加人）
62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.A when B then C than D until no sooner … than 一…就…
63.Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A what B which C that D whose
evidence 證據(jù)、sign 跡象、fact 事實，后面都要帶同位語從句，且從句用that引導(dǎo)。
64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York.[too … to，太…而不能…]
A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to 65.He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable
guilty adj.有罪的； be ashamed of 因…而羞愧（不好意思）的； miserable adj.悲慘的。
66.The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.A in B at C during D over
ceremony n.典禮，儀式。要表達(dá)在某典禮（儀式）上用介詞at。
at the graduation ceremony 在畢業(yè)典禮上。
67.What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose do you supposed 常做插入語。
68._D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.[despite prep.盡管； as for 關(guān)于，至于] A As for B Besides C Except D Despite
69.How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.A have B has C having D to have
influence on 對…造成影響，很大的影響中形容詞用的是strong。
70.He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself hurt oneself 自殘； be to + 動詞原形，將要做某事；
-------------------------1993-06-------------------------
41.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
42.Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.A and B but C or D an order
and 在這里表示一種結(jié)果，翻譯成“那么（和）”。只有兩種情況下and才會這樣翻譯：
1.省略句 ＋ and + 句子； 2.祈使句 ＋ and + 句子。
47.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen
43.I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order order n.定購，訂單； purchase n.購買。
45.By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding 如果一個句子的時間狀語是由by引導(dǎo)的，則時態(tài)要選擇完成時態(tài)。
將來的行為在將來的某個時間之前就已完成用將來完成時。
solution to a problem 一個問題的解決方案。
46.Mr.Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.A take on B get on C put up D look up take on 承擔(dān)； take on responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
47.Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one dinner n.正餐（多指晚餐）； supper n.夜宵，晚餐； breakfast n.早餐； lunch n.午餐；
brunch n.早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]
48.We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.A inform B informs C informed D has informed
desire v.要求，表要求時后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，(should)+ 動詞原形。
其他同樣用法的詞還有ask, demand, request, require.49.Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally not surprisingly 一點也不奇怪。vary vi.變化。
vary from … to … 從一種形式變化到另一種形式。vary between … and … 在兩者之間進(jìn)行變化。
29.Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.A change B vary C alter D convert
individual n.個人，個體； individualism n.個人主義。
44.The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A alter B shift C transfer D vary
50.A man escaped from the prison last night.It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.A before B until C since D when
It + 系動詞 + 一段時間 + before引導(dǎo)的句子 在…之前花費多少時間。
54.Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A since B when C after D before
51.In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail.[keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神] A in B at C for D on
52.There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.A retain B endure C maintain D survive
retain vt.保持，保留； endure v.忍受； maintain vt.維持，保持，堅持認(rèn)為；
survive vi.生存； vt.活過 …（賓語為某種災(zāi)難）。survive a flood 活過一場洪水。
前綴sur表示過 …，外，超； vive 表示生活，強(qiáng)調(diào)活著。
54.They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning.A which is B which was C they have D it is
less … than句子前后要平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。
55.In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes.14 A attend B attended C to attend D attending
far more than 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于，遠(yuǎn)不止于；也要句子前后平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。
56.The French pianist [n.鋼琴師] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down
turn up 后面不加賓語表示出現(xiàn)，后面加賓語表示將聲音調(diào)高，調(diào)大；
turn in + 賓語 上繳，交出； turn down 將聲音調(diào)低，調(diào)?。痪芙^；
refuse sb.指直接的回絕； turn sb.down 則指委婉的拒絕；
turn out + 動詞不定式 最終證明是，結(jié)果是。
57.Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.A risen B arisen C raised D arrived
因本句未加賓語，估不應(yīng)選不及物動詞，可排除C項； arrive vi.到達(dá)，抵達(dá)；
rise vi.升起，升高（側(cè)重指旗幟或太陽升起）；數(shù)量的增高（側(cè)重指水位、價位）；
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太陽東升西落。
arise vi.升起，升高，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生（經(jīng)常與抽象名詞聯(lián)用）。
69.A completely new situation will _B_ when the examination system comes into existence.A arise B rise C raise D arouse
33.Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent.A raised B aroused C arose D rose
58.He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.A genuine B minimum C modest D generous
name after 以…的名字來命名。genuine adj.真正的，貨真價實的； genuine leather 真皮；
minimum adj.最低的，最小的； modest adj.謙虛謹(jǐn)慎的，適度的；
generous adj.慷慨的，慷慨大方的（修飾貢獻(xiàn)等用這個）。
59.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _D_, of course, made the others jealous.A who B that C what D which
which在這里是引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句有2個特點：
1.which前面有逗號與其他句子分開。2.which指的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容。
as也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，指的都是一句話的內(nèi)容。
which指一句話的內(nèi)容只能置于該句之后，而as既可以在后也可以在前。
67._C_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is great American writer.A That B Which C As D It
60.In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_.A gaps B intervals C length D distance
interval n.間隔（即可指空間間隔，也可指時間間隔），四級考試中?？紩r間間隔的概念。
interval是固定與介詞at搭配的。
23.Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _D_.A gaps B rate C length D intervals
at regular rate 以規(guī)則的速度； at regular interval 以規(guī)則的時間間隔；
61.Mr.Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do.A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given
64.Our company decided to _D_ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A destroy B resist C assume D cancel 65.She is _C_ a musician than her brother.A much of B much as C more of D more as be of 具有某種性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或特點；
66.Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge.A service B sentence C crime D crisis
sentence n.判決，判刑； crisis n.危機(jī)； economic crisis 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)；
68.The residents, _C_ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A all their homes B all whose homes C all of whose homes D all of their homes 當(dāng)給出了句子的主語，且后面有兩部分謂語動詞，這兩部分謂語動詞之間又沒有連接詞，時態(tài)也不同時，離主語近的謂語動詞應(yīng)為從句的組合成分。
69.You can't afford to let the situation get worse.You must take _D_ to put it right.A decisions B directions C sides D steps
take steps 采取措施，采取行動； take measures 采取措施；
70.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed if only 如果，要是...就好了，其后面的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。
1.如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦嵪喾?，這時謂語動詞用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
2.如果if only后面的句子表示與過去的事實相反，這時謂語動詞用過去完成時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
47.If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve
如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦嵪喾矗@時謂語動詞用一般過去時，也可以用would + 動詞原形。
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42.Mark often attempts to escape _C_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A having been fined B to have been fined C being fined B to be fined escape + 動名詞。
44.It is recommended that the project _A_ until all the preparations have been made.A not be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started
recommend vt.推薦，建議，后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞的形式：(should)+ 動詞原形
45.I wish I _D_ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept
wish 后面的句子要用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞。
might經(jīng)常被翻譯成或許。
46.We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _D_ him.A had telephoned B must have telephoned C would telephone D would have telephoned
otherwise, or等表示“否則”的詞，后面句子都要用虛擬語氣。
48.While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news [最新的消息], it is unlikely that television _A_ the newspaper completely.16 A will replace B have replaced C replace D replaced
49.An Olympic Marathon [馬拉松] is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately [大約] _B_ from Marathon to Athens [雅典].A distance B the distance C is the distance D the distance is
50.You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _D_ to suspend your tent.A there B them C where D which
介詞 + which + 動詞不定式(to do sth.)整體做定語。
本句可改寫為：You will want two tress about ten feet apart, to suspend your tent from.只要見到有介詞出現(xiàn)在空格之前，而選項中有which, them, there, where等詞則應(yīng)選which。
51.As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had _C_ to ask my boss.A many B most C much D more
當(dāng)many沒有修飾任何其他詞而單獨出現(xiàn)時表示很多人。much在這里相當(dāng)于many things。
52._A_ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A Until B Before C From D Since
until recently 直到最近； not surprisingly 一點也不奇怪。
53.The survival of civilization as we know it is _C_ threat.A within B towards C under D upon under threat 受到威脅。
55.In some countries, _D_ is called “equality” [平等] does not really mean equal rights for all people.A which B one C that D what
that可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，但只做引導(dǎo)詞而不充當(dāng)任何成分。
56.I walked too much yesterday and _A_ are still aching now.A my leg muscles B my muscles of leg C my leg's muscles D my muscles of the leg 英語中一個名詞修飾另外一個名詞時第一個名詞要用單數(shù)。apple trees, eye drops 57.Radio, television and press _B_ of conveying news and information.A are the most three common means B are the three most common means C are the most common three means D are three the most common means
幾個詞修飾一個名詞時修飾詞的順序應(yīng)為：1.定冠詞the應(yīng)該放在最前面（離名詞最遠(yuǎn)）的位置；
2.數(shù)詞應(yīng)放在第二位；3.最后考慮其他形容詞。
58.Liquids are like solids _C_ they have a definite volume.A with that B for that C in that D at that
三個與that的搭配的表達(dá)形式：now that, in that [因為], except that。
59.When a fire _C_ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.A broke off B broke down C broke out D broke up break out（火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)；
60.The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _D_.[make up for 彌補]
A stand up to B put up with C come up with D make up for
61.Then the speaker _B_ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.A went after B went into C went for D went on
go after 追求，設(shè)法得到； go into 談?wù)?，敘述?go for 襲擊/支持； go on 繼續(xù)。
62.The students was just about to _C_ the questions, when suddenly he found the answer A arrive at B submit to C give up D work out
63.When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _B_.A hand B reach C hold D place
out of reach 夠不著； within reach 夠得找。
64.The _D_ of blood always makes him feel sick.A form B look C view D sight
form n.形式，形狀； view n.風(fēng)景，景色/視野，視域； look 指的是主觀有意識的看；
sight n.看見，瞥見（不強(qiáng)調(diào)主客觀）。
66.Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _B_ sickness A normal B ordinary C average D regular
sickness of mind 精神??； normal adj.正常的； average adj.平均的，中等水平的；
regular adj.有規(guī)律的，規(guī)則的； ordinary sickness 一般性疾病。
68.Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _C_ to his confusion.A extended B amounted C added [add to 增加] D turned 70.It took him several months to ___ the wild horse.A tend B cultivate C tame D breed
tame vt.馴服； breed 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是繁殖，側(cè)重指大批量的繁殖。
It take sb.sometime to do sth.做某事花了某人多少時間。
第4課
主謂一致：指的就是給出主語，要求判斷謂語動詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的問題。
一、就近原則：
指句子的主語由兩部分單詞或短語構(gòu)成時，由離謂語動詞近的那部分主語來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
只有當(dāng)以下單詞或短語連接主句的兩部分時就近原則才適用：
1.or 或者； 2.either … or … 不是…就是…，…或… ； 3.neither … nor … 既不…也不… ；
4.not only … but also … 不但…而且… ； 5.not … but … 不是…而是… 例如：主語1 or 主語2 謂語動詞。此時由主語2決定謂語動詞。
10._C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss? A Are B Where C Is D Does
如果題目改變?yōu)椋篍ither he or his accountants ___ going … 則應(yīng)選A
二、句子謂語動詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)的兩種情況：
1.集合名詞做主語，集合名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，因為他本身就代表一個復(fù)數(shù)概念。
常見的幾個復(fù)合名詞： people 人民，人們； police 警察； cattle 牛； poultry 家禽。
2.表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞，整體做主語時
例如：去年出口了八百萬頓煤。Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.三、謂語動詞一定用單數(shù)的六種情況：
1.句子的主語是由從句充當(dāng)?shù)?、動詞不定式短語作主語、動名詞短語作主語；
2.表示時間、重量、長度、價值四方面的詞做主語；
399.--“How many days?”
0--“Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?”
A are B were C was D is
3.表示單數(shù)概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞也用單數(shù)；
因為此結(jié)構(gòu)中短語只是對主語提供附加說明情況，所以謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。
當(dāng)以下這些標(biāo)志性的介詞或介詞短語出現(xiàn)在此結(jié)構(gòu)中時可以不管中間的附加說明情況：
with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as 注意：表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
4.each, every, either, some, any, no，由以上六個詞中任何一個所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時；
some經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個復(fù)合代詞：something, somebody, someone；
no經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個復(fù)合代詞：nothing, nobody, no one； either of + 短語；
5.通常由and連接兩部分這種形式做主語謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但在以下兩種情況下則應(yīng)用單數(shù)；
1> and連接的兩部分指的是同一事物；
2> and連接的兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個詞修飾時；
例如：每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。be supposed to do sth.理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該做某事。
Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.11.Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them
many a(an)很多，相當(dāng)于many； many a(an)+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
6.many a(an)+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
9.Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.A have known B know C knows D is knowing not only … but also … 的一種變形形式，not only … but … 另一種變形形式not only … but … as well
combination n.密碼； combination to the safe 保險箱密碼； securities有價證券。
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41.She ought to stop work;she has a headache because she _A_ too long.A has been reading B had read C is reading D read had read 過去完成時要與一般過去時搭配。
has been reading 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：指某行為從過去一點到現(xiàn)在一直在進(jìn)行。
42.Niagara Falls is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement
tourist attraction 旅游勝地； attention n.注意力； appointment n.委任的職位，約會；
date n.日期，約會，棗；表示約會時指的是異性之間的私人約會。arrangement n.布置，安排
blind date 兩人第一次見面的約會。appointment 指公事性質(zhì)的，比較正式的約會。
43.I don't mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.A you to delay making B your delaying making C your delaying to make D you delay to make
mind 后要加動名詞； delay v.耽擱，延誤（后面也要加動名詞）
45.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in Cuba.A being cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating
46.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.19 A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated 注意：seat是及物動詞，及物動詞用主動形式，后面要直接加賓語。
Be seated please.請坐。英語中只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。
47.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn
當(dāng)wear表穿戴時，而句子的主語是被穿戴的東西時，wear是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)。
65.The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted 字根trans在四級中著重考的含義是“從一個地方到另一個地方”。
transform 改革，變革，改變； transport 運輸； transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移，移動；
transmit 傳送，播送；疾病的傳染，傳播； transplant 移植。
48.Some diseases are _D_ by certain water animals.A transplanted B transformed C transported D transmitted 49.Wouldn't you rather your child _B_ to bed early? A go B went C would go D goes
would rather的兩種用法：1 would rather + 動詞原形； would rather + 句子（句子謂語動詞用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣）。
50.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _B_ will happen to her private life.[wonder后面要加疑問詞] A that B what C it D this
51.The words of his old teacher left a _C_ impression on his mind.He is still influenced by them.[lasting adj.持久的，永久的； liberal adj.開明的，心胸開闊的] A long B lively C lasting D liberal 52.Mike's uncle insists _D_ in this hotel.A staying not B not to stay C that he would not stay D that he not stay insist的兩種用法：1 insist on … 堅持，堅決要求； insist + that引導(dǎo)的從句（從句謂語動詞為[should] + 動詞原形）
53.We agree to accept _D_ they thought was the best tourist guide.A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever they thought是插入語，可以不看； tourist guide 導(dǎo)游。
56.Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _C_ it forces people to test relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A by which B to which C in that D so that
句子的意思是：如果沖突以后能回家反省一下自己是好事情。
in that 因為； conflict n.沖突； relative merits 相比較而言的優(yōu)點； so that 以至于。
57.He is _A_ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A optimistic B optional C outstanding D obvious
optimistic adj.樂觀的； pessimistic adj.悲觀的； be optimistic about 對…持樂觀態(tài)度。
optional adj.隨意的，任選的，非強(qiáng)制性的； optional courses 選修課；
outstanding adj.卓越的，杰出的； obvious adj.明顯的。
58.Sometimes I wish I _B_ in a different time and a different place.A be living B were living C would live D would have lived wish后加的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。
與現(xiàn)在事實相反，wish后的句子經(jīng)常用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
59.The director was critical _C_ the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with
be critical of 對...愛挑剔的，批評。
60.In a sudden _B_ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A attack B burst C split D blast
within reach 夠得著； out of reach 夠不著； burst 爆發(fā)，迸發(fā)；
burst可以與很多詞語搭配表示突然發(fā)作： 能與人的情緒（喜、怒、哀、樂）搭配； 2 能與掌聲、笑聲搭配。
61._D_ she realized it was too late to go home.A No sooner it grew dark than B Hardly did it grow dark that C Scarcely had it grown dark than D It was not until dark that
no sooner在句首時句子要用部分倒裝；hardly要與when搭配；scarcely也要與when搭配。
62.In Britain people _C_ four million tons of potatoes every year.A swallow B dispose C consume D exhaust
swallow 吞，咽； dispose 去掉，處理，安排； consume 消費，消耗； consumer 消費者；
exhaust 將資源消耗殆盡；如果與人在一個句子中搭配則表示使人精疲力竭。
63.I'd _A_ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A take into account B account for C make up for D make out take into account 考慮； make up for 彌補，補償。
65.She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _D_ enough to eat.A mild B slight C light D tender
mild adj.不辣的； hot adj.辣的； extra hot 極辣的；
light adj.清淡的，容易消化的；蛋糕點心等松軟的； muffin n.松餅；
slight adj.輕微的，少量的； tender adj.肉嫩的。
steak n.牛排；rare 三成熟的；medium 七成熟的；well-done 全熟的；medium rare 五成熟。
66.We take our skin for granted until it is burned _A_ repair.A beyond B for C without D under
take sth.for granted 把什么事當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然的而不重視； beyond prep.超出 … 的范圍。
67.The computer revolution may well change society as _C_ as did the Industrial Revolution.A certainly B insignificantly C fundamentally D comparatively
certainly 當(dāng)然的，確定無疑的（主觀思想較濃厚）； insignificantly 沒有意義的，無足輕重的；
comparatively 相比較而言的； fundamentally 根本性的，從本質(zhì)上來說。
68._C_ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A To look at B Looking at C Looked at D To be looked at
70.Some women _D_ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A must make B should have made C would make D could have made for the sake of為了… ；為了…的利益；
與過去事實相反時用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞；
should have + 動詞過去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該…-------------------------1997-06-------------------------32.You cannot be _B_ careful when you drive a car.A very B too C so D enough
cannot too 在…也不為過，越…越好。
34.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to _A_ the color of his skin.[regardless of 不管，不顧]
A regardless of B in the light of C by virtue of D with the exception of
35.Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are not working to their full _B_.A strength B capacity C length D possibility
strength n.力量，體力，實力； capacity n.才能，才智（能力方面）。
38.The old couple decided to _C_ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A adapt B bring C adopt D receive
39.The government is trying to do something to _D_ better understanding between the two countries.A raise B increase C heighten D promote promote better understanding 增進(jìn)理解。
40.The newspaper did not mention the _A_ of the damage caused by the fire.A extent B level C range D quantity
extent作核心名詞，表示到…程度了，介詞用to。
41.The soldier was _A_ of running away when the enemy attacked.A accused B charged C scolded D punished
be accused of 被指控，被職責(zé)； be charged with 被指控。
42.Had he worked harder, he _D_ the exams.A must have got through B could get through C would get through D would have got through
had he worked harder(虛擬語氣)= if he had worked harder … 與過去事實相反用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞的過去分詞。
45.It seems oil _B_ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A had leaked B has been leaking C leaked D is leaking
for + 一段時間，做時間狀語，謂語動詞用完成時態(tài)。過去完成時要與一般過去時搭配。
46.When he arrived, he found _C_ the aged and the sick at home.A nothing but B none other C none but D no other than 形容詞前加the表示一類人。none but 只有，僅有。
47.The pressure _B_ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A competing B to compete C to be competed D having competed the right to vote 選舉權(quán)。動詞不定式作后置定語要用主動形式。
the pressure to compete 競爭的壓力。
49.As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _C_.A have to be said B must say C ought to be said D need to say
50.Once environmental damage _A_, it takes many years for the system to recover.A is done B is to do C does D has done
51.Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _B_ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.A as for B such as C in case of D in view of contribute to 對…做出貢獻(xiàn)。
52.He will agree to do what you require _D_ him.A for B from C to D of
require sth.of sb.要求某人做某事。
53.The mere fact _A_ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.A that B which C what D why fact后面要加同位語從句。
54.John seems nice person._C_, I don't trust him.A Even though B Therefore C Even so D Though even so 即便如此，盡管如此。
55.I don't think it advisable that Tom _A_ to the job since he has no experience.A be assigned B will be assigned C is assigned D has been assigned advisable后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，形式為：（should）+ 動詞原形。
56._D_, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A Other things to be equal B Were other things equal C To be equal to other things D Other things being equal B項如果不省略if應(yīng)為：If other things were equal 如果從句用虛擬語氣，主句也必須用虛擬語氣形式。
other things being equal 在這里是獨立主格做條件狀語。
57._C_ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A For B Since C Now D Despite 注意以下三個后面加句子的表達(dá)形式：
in that 由于，因為； 2 now that 既然，由于； 3 except that 除了…之外。
59.By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _B_ children as Coca-Cola.A for B with C to D in
be popular with + 人的群體 受…歡迎。
60.Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _A_ his opinion.A stuck to B strove for C stuck at D stood for
be convinced of 深信，確信； stick to 堅持； strive for 力求，拼命爭取。
Don’t strive for perfection.不要凡是都力求達(dá)到完美狀態(tài)。
-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------48.It’s no use _B_ me not to worry.A you tell B your telling C for you to have told D having told
It's no use + 動名詞。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓格（形容詞性物主代詞）+ 動名詞。
52.If it _A_ too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.A isn’t B wasn’t C weren’t D hadn’t been 一般日常用語，用一般時。
56.She was glad that her success would ___ for the women who would follow.A make things easier B make it easier C be easier D be easier to make make for 導(dǎo)致，促成；朝某個方向前進(jìn)，走向那里。
不要選有代詞指代不明的選項。A項中的things指的是境況，境遇。
60.We object _C_ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A against B about C to D for
68.The newest satellite can _A_ a thousand telephone conversations and a color TV program at the same time.A carry B extend C bring D take
carry vt.傳送，傳輸； extend vt.延伸，延續(xù)（extend to 延伸到，延續(xù)到）。
fetch vt.去拿來，去請來，去叫來； fetch water 打水。
-------------------------1995-01-------------------------
41.The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _B_.[spare parts零部件]
A are producing B are produced C produced D being produced
48._A_ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.A To become B Become C One become D On becoming
master's degree 碩士學(xué)位； 當(dāng)介詞on后面加動詞ing形式時表示時間概念“在…之后”。
49.The little man was _C_ more than one metre fifty tall.A nearly B quite C hardly D almost hardly more than 不足，不到。
36.The little man was _B_ one metre fifty high.A almost more than B hardly more than C nearly more than D as much as 53.Medical care reform has become this country's most important public health _C_.A question B stuff C matter D issue
matter 事物，事情； question 有疑而問，并且有待回答的問題；
questions and answers Q & A 問與答； issue n.問題（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是政治方面的問題）。
1999年前，臺灣問題Taiwan issue；1999年后，臺灣問題Taiwan question，態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變。
60.If you don't like to swim, you _B_ stay at home.A should as well B may as well C can as well D would as well may as well 還是，到不如。
70.They are teachers and don't realize _A_ to start and run a company.A what it takes B what takes it C what they take D what takes them start and run a company 創(chuàng)立并經(jīng)營一家公司。
-------------------------1996-06-------------------------
23.A healthy life is frequently thought to be _D_ with the open countryside and homegrown food.A tied B bound C involved D associated
be involved with 牽涉，卷入； be associated with 與...相關(guān)，聯(lián)系起來。
homegrown food 自家種的食品； wine 葡萄酒； house wine 自家的酒。
33.The traditional approach _A_ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A to dealing B in dealing C dealing D to deal approach n.方式，方法； approach to + 動名詞。
43.It's already 5 o'clock now.Don't you think it's about time _C_?
A we are going home B we go home C we went home D we can go home it's about time后面加句子，要用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
44.Lightning is a _A_ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.[Lightning n.閃電]
A rush B rainbow C rack D ribbon
rush n.沖撞，沖擊，撞擊； rainbow n.彩虹，幻想； rack n.支架，掛架；
ribbon n.緞帶，絲帶，絨帶。
46.I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, _A_.A however much it costs B however does it costs much C how much does it cost D no matter how it costs
however在這里不表示轉(zhuǎn)折，而是句子的引導(dǎo)詞，這種情況下它相當(dāng)于：no matter how。
意思是，我已經(jīng)決定要買了，不管多少錢。
47.New York _A_ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year.[rank 排名，名列第幾，強(qiáng)調(diào)名列前茅；Big Apple 紐約] A ranked B occupied C arranged D classified
第5課
虛擬語氣
一、虛擬語氣的規(guī)則用法：
1主、從句都表示與過去事實相反：
從句的謂語動詞用：had + 動詞過去分詞；
主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞。
注意：能用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞只有四個：should, could, would, might.使用哪一個情態(tài)動詞要由句子含義決定，考試中出現(xiàn)最多的是could, would.2 主、從句都表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反：
從句的謂語動詞用：動詞過去式（如果是be則只能用were）
主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形。主、從句都表示與將來事實相反：
從句的謂語動詞用：were to + 動詞原形（重點）、should + 動詞原形、動詞過去式；
主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形。
二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用： would rather + 句子，這時句子謂語動詞用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，這時句子一定要用虛擬語氣。
有兩種形式可以體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：
a.如果該句子如果表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，謂語動詞用一般過去時。
b.如果該句子如果表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。
70.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed
47.If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve
注意：當(dāng)if only后的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，該用動詞過去式來表示虛擬語氣，而選項中又沒有時，可以采用這種形式：would + 動詞原形。當(dāng)以下動詞后加句子時，句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞的形式是：（should）+ 動詞原形。
a.表示建議、提議的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.[move只有在表達(dá)在會議上提出提議時后面加虛擬語氣] b.表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.c.表示指揮、命令的：order, command, direct.d.表示堅持，堅持認(rèn)為的：insist.25 4 it is + 第三點中動詞的過去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的從句。
這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中從句謂語動詞形式為：（should）+ 動詞原形。
以下幾個形容詞置于該結(jié)構(gòu)中時也要用相同的形式來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：
important, necessary, essential, obligatory（有義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制性的，必須的）。第三點中動詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式 + that引導(dǎo)從句，該從句同樣要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞形式為：（should）+ 動詞原形。
經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion.6 以下一些表達(dá)方式所在的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。
or(表示否則), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是，若非)
當(dāng)遇到含有以上四個表達(dá)方式的句子時，先要判斷該句是表示與現(xiàn)在、過去、還是將來事實相反，然后依照相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣規(guī)則用法的形式來確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
含有下面三個表達(dá)方式的句子體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣的形式是固定的：
lest(以免，防備), for fear that(惟恐), on condition that(在..條件下)它們后面句子的謂語動詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動詞原形。it is time 是...的時候了。
這個結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種變形形式，所用虛擬語氣形式都一樣：it is high time / it is about time.這三個結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動詞都用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。注意以下兩種情況下should + 動詞原形中should不能省略。
這里should表示一種語氣，經(jīng)常被翻譯成“竟然”。
a.四個動詞：think, believe, expect, suspect.它們的否定或者疑問形式后面加句子，句子謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，should不能省略。
I don't believe that he should be cheated.我不相信他也會被騙。
b.it is a pity, it is a shame 真遺憾，it is strange 真怪
以上三個結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，should不能省略。
錯綜時態(tài)的虛擬語氣
錯綜時態(tài)的虛擬語氣即指主句和從句在表達(dá)是與什么時態(tài)的事實相反上并不一致（比如主句要表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實相反而從句要表達(dá)與過去事實相反），這種情況要采用“對號入座”的方法來處理，即主從句結(jié)構(gòu)分別采用與其表達(dá)時態(tài)對應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
60.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _A_ now.A wouldn't be smiling B couldn't have smiled C won't smile D didn't smile 2.If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _C_.A you won’t find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty now C you would not find any difficulty now D you have not found any difficulty now 3.He would be studying at the university now if he _C_ the entrance examination.A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed 16.It is a shame that he _B_ that poor little girl!
A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving
18.Mrs.bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _D_ her son's sleep.[lest(以免，防備)后面句子的謂語動詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動詞原形] A would interfere with B had interfered with C interfered with D should interfere with-------------------------1996-01-------------------------
21.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _C_ and perfected now.A)developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed
22.This ticket _C_ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A gives B grants C entitles D credits
A,B兩項都要加雙賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)為：gives / grants sb.sth.entitle sb.to sth.使某人有權(quán)得到某物； credit A to B 相信A是由B造成的。
相信飛機(jī)失事是由飛行員錯誤造成的。Credit the crash to the pilot's mistake.crash 墜落，墜毀（專指飛機(jī)失事）； collision 碰撞（強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個物體碰撞，如火車、汽車等）。
we are sorry, very sorry, terribly sorry, awfully sorry.23.You _D_ her in her office last Friday;she's been out of town for two weeks.A needn't have seen B must have seen C might have seen D can't have seen
24.That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _D_ the police.A called in B calling in C call in D to call in have no choice but to do sth.別無選擇，只能做...25.She was so _B_ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.A attracted B absorbed C drawn D concentrated
be attracted by 被…所吸引； be absorbed in 全神貫注（專注）于做… be drawn in 被誘騙（誘使）做...； concentrate on 專注于。
I was simply drawn in.我是被誘騙上鉤的。
27.At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _B_ to another subject.A committed B switched C favoured D transmitted
switch to another subject 轉(zhuǎn)換話題； switch to another channel 轉(zhuǎn)換頻道。
28.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _C_ after 11 o'clock at night.[虛擬語氣]
A were not played B not to play C not be played D did not play
29.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _D_ through the window.A vision B look C picture D view view n.景色，風(fēng)景，視野，視域。
30.Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from
具有比較意味的形容詞都要與介詞to搭配。
32.The manager needs an assistant that he can _A_ to take care of problems in his absence.[in his absence 在某人不在場的情況下]
A count on B count in C count up D count out
presence n.到場，出席； in one’s presence 在某人在場的情況下。
count on=depend on 指望，依靠，依賴； count up 算出總數(shù)；
count in 把…算在內(nèi)； count out 把...排除在外。
33.The organization had broken no rules, but _A_ had it acted responsibly.A neither B so C either D both
34.We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _D_ view.A from B in C before D into
come into view 進(jìn)入視野，進(jìn)入眼簾。cheer n.歡呼； cheers 干杯；
cheer-team 拉拉隊； cheer-leader 拉拉隊長。英語中為了…干杯用介詞to引起。
to your health 為了你的健康干杯； to friendship為了友誼干杯。bottom up 先干了。
35.They took _D_ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A fruitful B beneficial C valid D effective
take effective measures 采取有效措施。valid adj.有效的，成立的。
36.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _A_ it comes to classroom tests.A when B since C before D after
sure 做定語時表示“可靠的、穩(wěn)妥的”。come to 談到，提及。
37.Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _D_ directed.A like B so C which D as
drug n.藥品，毒品。gay adj.放蕩的，快樂的； n.同性戀者，尤指男性同性戀。
so后面加過去分詞表示一種程度。as后面加過去分詞時表示“如同…那樣，正如…那樣”。
53.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _D_ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A while B since C after D as
precautions n.防治措施； precautions against 防治…的措施。
after being + 過去分詞，注意：after后面不能直接加過去分詞。
38.In developing countries people are _C_ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.A breaking B filling C pouring D hurrying pour into 涌入，蜂擁而入。break into 強(qiáng)行闖入。
39.It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _A_ by about 10%.[output 產(chǎn)量]
A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising 表達(dá)將來的行為在將來某時間之前完成用將來完成時。
40.If I had remembered _A_ the window, the thief would not have got in.A to close B closing C to have closed D having closed remember to do sth.記得要做某事但沒做。
41.There are other problems which I don't propose to _A_ at the moment.A go into B go around C go for D go up at the moment 目前，現(xiàn)在。go into 談?wù)摚懻摗?/p>
42.Don't get your schedule _C_;stay with us in this class.A to change B changing C changed D change
43.It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _A_ knowledge.A extensive B expansive C intensive D expensive
extensive adj.范圍廣大的，廣博的； extensive knowledge 知識淵博。
expansive adj.擴(kuò)張的，面積廣闊的； expensive adj.昂貴的，高價的。
intensive adj.仔細(xì)深入的，細(xì)致入微的。
54.The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into _C_ care.A tense B rigid C intensive D tight
to such an extent 到如此的程度。intensive care 特級護(hù)理。
44.Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _B_ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A has to get B were to get C had got D could have got
46.A love marriage, however, does not necessarily _B_ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.[a love marriage因相愛而結(jié)婚形成的婚姻] A take over B result in C hold on D keep to
not necessarily 未必； interests n.利益。take over 接管，接收；
result in 導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是； hold on 堅持，挺??； keep to 堅持，遵守。
47.The ability to store knowledge makes computers different form every other machine _A_ invented.[ever adj.曾經(jīng)，以往任何時候] A ever B thus C yet D as
48.I'm not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can't make a(n)_C_ promise to help you.A exact B defined C definite D sure
definite: unlikely to be changed 不可能被改變的； definite promise 不可能被改變的諾言。
49.I have kept that portrait _B_ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.A which B where C whether D when
which在定語從句中除了做主語就是做賓語，when在定語從句中只能做時間狀語。
remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事。
50.The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally _D_ because of the bad weather.[sports meet=sports meeting 運動會] A set off B broken off C worn off D called off-------------------------1997-01-------------------------21.Until then, his family _D_ from him for six months.A didn't hear B hasn't been hearing C hasn't heard D hadn't heard until then 直到那時。hear from sb.收到某人的來信，得到某人的消息。
22.The conference _B_ a full week by the time it ends.A must have lasted B will have lasted C would last D has lasted 見到介詞by引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，謂語動詞就應(yīng)是完成時態(tài)。
24.Physics is _B_ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.A alike B equivalent C likely D uniform
be alike to sb.對于某人來說均是一樣的。be equivalent to 相當(dāng)于。
All tastes are alike to him.所有味道對他來說都一樣。
27.The new appointment of our president _A_ from the very beginning of next semester.A takes effect B takes part C takes place D takes turns
semester n.學(xué)期； president n.大學(xué)校長； take effect 生效，發(fā)生效力；
take part in 參與，參加； take place=happen 發(fā)生； takes turn to do sth.輪流做某事。
28.The president made a _A_ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A vigorous B tedious C flat D harsh
ceremony n.典禮，儀式；表達(dá)在某個典禮上介詞用at。vigorous adj.強(qiáng)勁有力的，強(qiáng)有力的。
harsh adj.刺耳的，令人不愉快的； flat adj.平淡無奇的； tedious adj.冗長無聊的。
29.It is useful to be able to predict the extent _C_ which a price change will affect supply and demand.[extent to]
A from B with C to D for
30.Finding a job in such a big company has always been _D_ his wildest dreams.29 A under B over C above D beyond beyond one’s wildest dreams 做夢也想不到。
31.It is not easy to learn English well, but if you _C_, you will succeed in the end.A hang up B hang about C hang on D hang onto hang on 堅持，繼續(xù)下去。
32.It is reported that _C_ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A the most B most of C most D the most of
most單獨出現(xiàn)的時候有兩種詞性要考慮：1 adv.非常；2 adj.大多數(shù)的。
the most后面加多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成該句的最高級。
most of + 名詞，表示這些名詞中的大多數(shù)。make the most of 充分利用。
34._D_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.[Were they to arrive=If they were to arrive]
A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they arriving D Were they to arrive 35.The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _A_ and many houses collapsed.A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured
collapse vi.倒塌，坍塌； wreck vt.（船只）遭到破壞。
torn原形是tear，n.眼淚，vt.撕裂，撕開。
37.As _B_ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.A being B is C to be D been
注意兩個非限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：as, which。
which在做非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞時有兩個特點： which前要有逗號與前面句子分開； 2 which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句指的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容。
只要引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句as和which都指一句話內(nèi)容，區(qū)別在于which只能放在它所指那句話的后面，而as可以在前面也可以在后面。
38.You see the lightning _A_ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A the instant B for an instant C on the instant D in an instant the instant=as soon as 一…就…
39.The manager lost his _B_ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A mood B temper C mind D passion lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣。
40.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _C_ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A are to challenge B may be challenged C have been challenged D are challenging as表示“盡管”時引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語可以放在引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
41.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _D_ the new carpet.A crash B pollute C spot D stain
pollute vt.污染； spot n.地點，場所，斑點，污點；v.使…上有斑點、污點。
spotted dog 斑點狗。stain v.弄臟，玷污，染色。
59.The tomato juice left brown _A_ on the front of my jacket.A spot B point C track D trace
42.I'd rather read than watch television;the programs seem _B_ all the time.A to get worse B to be getting worse C to have got worse D getting worse
all the time 始終，一直。
43.Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are _D_ in grocery stores.A ready B approachable C probable D available
convenience foods 方便食品； instant coffee/noodle 速容咖啡/速食面。
ready adj.準(zhǔn)備好的； approachable adj.可接近的，平易近人的，親切的。
probable adj.可能的； available adj.可獲得的，可利用的，可支配的。
44.When I caught him _A_ I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A cheating B cheat C to cheat D to be cheating
45.It is important that enough money _A_ to fund the project.A be collected B must be collected C was collected D can be collected 46.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _C_ so much noise.A resist B sustain C tolerate D undergo tolerate vt.忍受，容忍； undergo vt.經(jīng)歷，遭受。
48._C_ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.[at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度] A On B By C At D Of
49._A_ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A Believe B To believe C Believing D Believed believe it or not 信不信由你。creat a stir 引起轟動。
50.Mr.Morgan can be very sad _C_, though in public he is extremely cheerful.A by himself B in person C in private D as individual in public 在公眾面前； in private 私下單獨一個人的時候。
第6課
關(guān)于逗號的一些知識
原則：逗號沒有能力連接兩個單獨的句子。
如何區(qū)分短語與句子？一個結(jié)構(gòu)如果有完整的謂語部分就是句子。
何為完整的謂語部分？如果能判斷出一個結(jié)構(gòu)的時態(tài)就可以稱這個結(jié)構(gòu)為完整的謂語部分。
在什么樣的情況下一個逗號可以將句子分成兩部分，而這兩部分都有完整的謂語呢？兩個句子中間有連接詞連接； 這兩個句子是主從句關(guān)系（主從句之間一定要有句子引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)）。
10.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer.[declined v.婉言謝絕]
A not being finished B not having finished C had not been finished D was not finished
42.A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising.[survey 調(diào)查]
A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which
51.All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train.[having been canceled這里是獨立主格作原因狀語] A had been canceled B have been canceled C were canceled D having been canceled
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46._A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.[variable n.變項，變量；model vt.建模] A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as
even if 即使，即便； so long as（后面加句子時）只要。
47.My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight.The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.A would leave B will have left C has left D had left 將來完成時：will have + 動詞過去分詞。
49.Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched
sting v.（蜜蜂）叮，蟄； bite v.（蚊子等）咬； scratch vt.抓傷，劃破（通常指貓抓人）。
once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。
50.The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss
in vain 徒勞，白費工夫； But很少與介詞without聯(lián)用； at a loss 不知所措。
52._B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.A By B On C At D For
on后面加動詞ing形式表示“在…之后”這個時間概念。
54.Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done
should have + 動詞過去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該做； may have + 動詞過去分詞，表示可能做過；
與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣主句謂語動詞的表達(dá)形式可能用到：would have + 動詞過去分詞。
must have + 動詞過去分詞，表示對過去行為進(jìn)行肯定推測。表示一定做過；
can't have + 動詞過去分詞，表示對過去行為進(jìn)行否定推測，表示不可能做過。
56.This crop does not do well in soils[各種土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.A outside B other than C beyond D rather than
outside prep.在…外邊； rather than 而不是（肯定前者，否定后者）。
beyond prep.超出…的范圍； beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的夢想。
other than 不同于，而非，當(dāng)它與否定詞no或not出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中時表示“除…之外”。
66.In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A other than B more than C better than D rather than 63.My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.A mood B emotion C attitude D feeling
be in no mood to do/doing sth.沒有情緒（心情）做什么事情。
67.I'm sorry I can't see you immediately;but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you _B_.[in a moment 馬上，立即（它作為時間狀語時一定與將來時態(tài)搭配）= in an instant.] A for a moment B in a moment C for the moment D at the moment
68.The trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn't bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent.[trumpet 小號]
A than B more than C as D so much as
當(dāng)否定詞not與so much as出現(xiàn)在同一句子中時，它們的含義是：與其說…不如說… 70.Our journey was slow because the train stopped _D_ at different villages.A unceasingly B gradually C continuously D continually
unceasingly adv.不停止地，不休止地； gradually adv.逐漸地，逐步地；= step by step.continuously adv.連續(xù)不斷地； continually adv.時斷時續(xù)地。
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43.Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _A_ populated regions of Western Europe.A densely B vastly C enormously D largely
densely populated 人口分布稠密； sparsely populated 人口分布稀疏。
52._D_ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.A None B Either C Both D Neither
none表示的是三者或三者以上都不； either表示的是兩者之間任意一者。
55.Beethoven is my favorite musician.I regard him as _A_ other musicians.A superior to B more superior than C more superior to D superior than 注意：具有比較意味的形容詞只需要與to搭配，而無須more, than。
58.She is a very _D_ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.A anxious B effective C adequate D efficient
anxious adj.憂慮的，焦慮的； anxiety n.焦慮，憂慮； effective adj.有效的；
take effective measures 采取有效的措施； adequate adj.充足的，足夠的；= surficient.efficient adj.效率高的，能勝任的。
64.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _B_ we organize and produce information.A in a way B in the way C in that way D in no way in the way 引導(dǎo)句子時表示“在...方面”。
170.Please move this chair, it is _A_.A in the way B on the way C in a way D by the way in the way在沒有引導(dǎo)句子時表示“擋路的，妨礙某人的”。
67.In Australia the Asians make their influence _C_ in businesses large and small.A feeling B feel C felt D to be felt
考試中常見的幾個使役動詞：make, get, keep, leave.考試中的形式：使役動詞 + sb.(sth.)+ ___ 此時空格處應(yīng)填分詞
具體是要填現(xiàn)在還是過去分詞由空格前的sb.(sth.)決定，如果它是動作的發(fā)出者則填現(xiàn)在分詞，如果它是動作的承受者則填過去分詞。
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41.He came back late, _B_ which time all the guests had already left.A after B by C at D during
介詞by引導(dǎo)時間狀語時一定與完成時態(tài)搭配。
45.His remarks left me _D_ about his real purpose.A wondered B wonder C to wonder D wondering
49.Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _D_.A blank B hollow C vacant D bare
blank adj.空白的（因為沒寫字而空白）； hollow adj.空心的，中空的；
bare adj.光突突的（山上沒有樹和草）；沒帶首飾的； bald adj.禿頂?shù)摹?/p>
50.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _D_ heavy schedules.33 A with regard to B as to C in relation to D owing to owning to = due to 因為。
52.William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _C_ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.A peculiarly B indifferently C vigorously D inevitably peculiar adj.奇特的； indifferently adv.冷漠地，不積極地；
vigorously adv.強(qiáng)有力的，強(qiáng)勁有力的； inevitably adv.不可避免地，必然地。
60.We have been told that under no circumstances _A_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A may we use B we may use C we could use D did we use
61.In previous times, then fresh meat was in short _D_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.[in short supply 供應(yīng)不足] A store B provision C reserve D supply
in previous times 從前； fresh water 淡水； fresh meat 鮮肉； dove n.鴿子；
bean curd 豆腐； Bible 圣經(jīng)； bible 具有權(quán)威性的書； God 上帝； god 神。
62.As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _C_ for our defense.A had been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken 以下幾個表示“指揮，命令”的動詞：order, command, direct.在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時從句要用“(should)+ 動詞原形”來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
63.A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _A_ from the sort of candles used only in churches.A had come B coming C come D that came
65.I was _B_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A to B on C at D in
to the point of 到了…程度； on the point of doing sth.正要做某事情；
at the point of 在某點上； when除了表示“當(dāng)…時候”外，還可以表示“恰在此時”或“剛…就…” 68.The project _C_ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A accomplished B being accomplished
C to be accomplished D having been accomplished
69._C_ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.A If being B It is C There is D There being
evidence表示“證據(jù)”，最大的特點是后面經(jīng)常帶同位語從句說明證據(jù)的內(nèi)容。
language-acquiring ability 語言習(xí)得能力。evidence不用在“it is …”這種結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中。
64.After the guests left, she spent half an hour _C_ the sitting-room[客廳].A ordering B arranging C tidying up D clearing away
order vt.命令；訂購；整理，使有條理性； order one's thoughts 整理思路，整理思緒；
arrange v.布置，安排； tidy up 整理，使整潔（后面通常加某個房間）；
clear away 把…清除掉。
67.A lorry[卡車] _A_ Jane's cat and sped away.A ran over B ran into C ran through D ran down
run over 撞倒并碾過； run into 不期然地遇到； run through 貫穿（多用于抽象事物）；
run down 貶低； run down one's opinion.34 70.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _A_.A appreciated B approved C appealed D applied
rare books 珍藏本的書籍； appreciate 重視，欣賞，感激； approve 批準(zhǔn)，通過，贊成；
approve of 贊成，滿意； apply 應(yīng)用，運用；
appeal 呼吁（表示此意義時它經(jīng)常于for搭配）；申訴，上訴（表示此意義時它要于to搭配）。
-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------15.Will you _C_ coming to dinner with me? A have the pleasure of B give the pleasure in C do me the pleasure of D take pleasure in
pleasure n.榮幸； 第二選項的正確形式應(yīng)為：give me the pleasure of C選項也可寫為：do me the favor(favour)of
18._C_ Goul had said it, he knew what a mistake he had made.A at once B No sooner C The moment D Hardly
以下幾個引導(dǎo)詞都可以表示“一…就…”：as soon as, the instant, the moment.25.Norin received a bad wound _B_ the leg when he was shot at.A on B in C at D of
表示身體某一部位受傷用介詞in。hit sb.in the face 打某人一個耳光。
28.Cork was angry;_D_ he listened to me.A and B but C so D nevertheless
cork n.軟木塞。nevertheless conj.盡管如此。
34.That _A_ instrument can record even very slightly changes.A delicate B feeble C sensible D feasible
instrument n.儀器，（彈奏的）樂器； delicate instrument 精密儀器。
delicate adj.精密的，準(zhǔn)確的； feeble adj.軟弱的，無力的； sensible adj.明智的；
sensitive adj.敏感的； be sensitive to 對…很敏感； feasible adj.可行的，行得通的。
40.Let’s begin the lesson at the place where we _A_ last time.A left off B left out C left to D left up leave off 停止，中斷； leave out = omit 遺漏；
43.Education does not _D_ simply _D_ learning a lot of facts.A consist;of B consist;from C consist;for D consist;in consist of 包括； consist in（抽象意義的）在于 = lie in在于。
49.There is no tree _A_ bears some fruit.A but B which C that D unless
but用在否定句中并且后面引導(dǎo)一個句子時相當(dāng)于“that...not”。
本句可改寫為這種形式：There is no tree that does not bears some fruit.50.“Will you be able to finish the job this week?” “_D_.”
A I don’t know so B I can’t say so C I’m not sure so D I don’t expect so I don't expect so 恐怕不行。
394.“I hope that John will play basketball tomorrow.” “Yes, I _D_.” A hope it too B hope too C hope that too D hope so too 395.“I slipped on the stairs.I think my arm is broke.” “Oh, I _D_.” A do not hope so B do not hope C hope not so D hope not 肯定用：I hope so.否定用：I hope not.51.She died when she was ninety, not of old age, but _B_ head injury when she fell down a 35 flight of stairs.A of B from C with D for
die of 表示因年老，疾病或饑餓而死亡； die from 指因為受傷而死亡。
57.You have no busniess _D_ to me the way you did the other day.A to be talked B being talked C to talk D talking have no business doing sth.沒有理由（權(quán)利）做某事。
132._B_ day Bill was starting his motor-bike when his sister Mary came out and asked for a lift.[the other day 幾天前]
A Some B The other C Another D On one 65.I’d just as soon _A_ rudely to her.A you didn’t speak B that you don’t speak C that you won’t speak D you hadn’t speak
wish, would rather后面加句子，句子謂語動詞用一般過去時。
would just as soon的用法與would rather完全相同。
69.Which screw do you want? _A_ will do.A Any one B Not one C Everyone D Anyone
any one 任何一個（指事物）； no one 沒有人； everyone 每個人； anyone 任何人。
73.I suppose you’re not serious, _C_? A don’t you B do I C are you D aren’t you 主、從句整體變反意疑問句時通常都與主句保持一致。
但suppose, think, believe, imagine這四個動詞后面加了賓語從句，然后對整個句子來變反意疑問句時反意疑問句部分與從句保持一致。
82.The chair belongs _B_ the corner.A to B in C on D with
belong to 屬于（表示歸屬關(guān)系）； belong in 在…有適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?/p>
94.The terrible noise is _B_ me mad.A turing B driving C setting D putting drive sb.mad(crazy)使某人發(fā)瘋。
114.We are bound _B_ with difficulties in our English study.A to have met B to meet C meeting D having met be bound to do sth.一定會做某事。
118.Everyone assumed what he said _B_ based on facts.A is B to be C were D being
assume sb.(sth.)to do sth.想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為某人（某事物）要做某事。
assume + that引導(dǎo)的從句。
129.The shape of Italy on a map has often been compared _C_ a long Wellington boot.A as B with C to D against
compare與with搭配，表示將A與B進(jìn)行比較； compare與to搭配，表示將A比作B。
130.Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few _C_ apartments in the area.A free B empty C vacant D reserved vacant adj.空閑的。
144.I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt _B_ he can do a good job of it.A whether B that C when D what
doubt + whether引導(dǎo)的從句，懷疑是否… ； doubt + that引導(dǎo)的從句。對...真的有疑慮。
156.Let bygones be bygones.Don’t _D_ so much on the past.A lie B lay C dwelt D dwell
let bygones be bygones.讓過去的過去吧。dwell vi.居??； dwell on 老是想著… 162.Intellect is to the mind _B_ sight is to the body.A which B what C where D but
what這時連接兩個句子，表示“有如”或“就像…一樣”。
what只有用在這種“A對于B來說就象C對于D一樣”句型當(dāng)中時。
Air is to man what water is to the fish.空氣對于人類來說就象水對于魚來說一樣重要。
165.His honesty is _D_, nobody can doubt it.A in question B beside the question C out of the question D without question in question = under discussion 正在討論中的； beside the question 離題，與題無關(guān)；
out of the question 不可能的； out of question 沒有問題的，毫無疑問的；
without question 沒有問題的，毫無疑問的 = out of question.172.Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden.New York is _A_.A a case in point B a case to point C the case D in the case of a case in point 有說服力的例子。
185.“Frank is up late working again.”
“This is the third time this week he’s had to study late, _A_?” A isn’t it B hasn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t he 這里it是代詞，指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容。
表示“第幾次做某事”變成反意疑問句經(jīng)常用it指代整句話的內(nèi)容。
252.This is the first time that he has felt really relaxed for months, _B_? A hasn’t he B isn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t it 191.A judge must be _B_ when weighing evidence.A interested B disinterested C uninterested D disconnected
weigh vt.斟酌，考慮； interested adj.有興趣的； disinterested adj.公正的，無私的；
uninterested adj.不感興趣的； disconnected adj.分離的，不連貫的。
217.Although he sometimes lost his temper, his pupils liked him _D_ for it.A not so much B not so little C no more D no less lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣。
222.Wise men seek after truth, _A_ fools desire knowledge.A whereas B or C as well as D hence whereas conj.反之，但是。
239.Water and air are _D_ to living.A independent B initial C dependent D indispensable be indispensable to 至關(guān)重要的，不可或缺的；
240.This report throws light _B_ the situation.A in B on C with D to
throw light on 把光投到…上去，（引申）清楚的闡述。
246._B_ that we will go abroad.A It’s like B Chances are C The most likely D Chances will be chances are 很有可能… ； chances were 很有可能… 253.Is there any chance _B_?
A whichever B whatsoever C wherever D whenever
whatsoever經(jīng)常放在一些名詞后面作后置定語，表示“任何的”或“絲毫的”。
whatsoever作后置定語通常放在有any的，或者是否定的句子中。
262.She is so clever as to speak several foreign languages, not to _D_ of English.A say B tell C read D speak not speak of 更不用說 = not to mention 270.What he did was _C_ than a practical joke.A anything else B or else C nothing else D more else practical joke 惡作?。?nothing else than 只不過，僅僅。
283.I’ll be away for about six months but you can write to me _A_ my brother.A in care of B by care of C with care of D under care of in care of 由…轉(zhuǎn)交。= C/O
284.Correct the errors, _D_, in the sentence.A if there will be any B if there are some C if they have any D if any if any是一個口語中經(jīng)常加的插入語成分，表示“如果說有…的話”。
288.There is no point _C_ in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything _C_ the people who have to stay here.A remaining … helping B to remain … to help C in remaining … to help D in remaining … helping
there is no point in doing sth.做某事也是毫無意義； 這里point表示“作用，用途”。
291.Do most of us seeing people grasp casually the outward features of a face and _D_? A let it alone B let alone C let well alone D let it go at that seeing people 視力健全的人； casually 隨意地，隨便地；
let is go at that表示“不去多操心，不再多說，隨它去了”。
316.The policemen went into action _C_ they heard the alarm.A presently B promptly C directly D quickly directly adv.直接的； conj.一…就…，一當(dāng)…時候。
表示“一…就…”的幾個短語：as soon as, the instant, the moment, directly.323.The cat is, _D_, a member of the family.A as to speak B no wonder C as a fact D so to speak so to speak 可以這么說。
335.“What can I do for you?” “If you _C_ see Mr.Keller, give him my regards.” A would B will C should D shall regard n.關(guān)心，致意，問候，考慮；
356.The Mayor and Corporation of Hamelin were _A_ for some way of ridding the town of rats.[The Mayor and Corporation 市長和市政當(dāng)局]
A at their wit’s end B at their wits end C in their wit’s end D for their wits end at one's wit's end 智窮才竭，黔驢技窮。
383.I think your sister is old enough to know _B_ to spend all her money on fancy goods.A other than B better than C rather than D more than know better than 明白事理而不至于做…
417.The police looked _B_ the past record of the suspect.A in B into C for D of
第五篇：漢語方言詞匯語法調(diào)查表
漢語方言詞匯語法調(diào)查表
安逸（蠻安逸）把本書我 掰（掰別個）白晶噠
白天（日里）傍晚（煞黑）抱雞母（抱窩雞）背不住
背不住（受不了）鼻涕（鼻挺、鼻連）秕谷（癟谷）蝙蝠（檐老鼠）標(biāo)致
鱉（腳魚）脖子
(頸項)不服周（不服氣）不照買。不知
不知道（找不到）蒼蠅 側(cè)巴子 側(cè)把子 炒現(xiàn)飯
仯子（半大男孩）吃早飯
過早 沖瞌睡
出挺（丟丑）
穿著紅紅色（黃黃色）的衣服。撮拐 跶倒 打翻叉
打破（勸阻，使某事不能成功）打閃（扯閃）打條褂（打條肚）打條褂。打轉(zhuǎn)（散步）大后天
大家都等例在。大腿（胯子）大姨子 黕子 倒搬槳 倒拐子
倒霉（背時）得不過 墊絮
調(diào)羹（瓢羹）調(diào)故 掉底子
撴布（拖巴）蹲（踮
跍）惡燥(蠻惡燥)兒子
二爹（二姨）二黃八調(diào) 發(fā)迷夢
發(fā)瘧疾（打擺子
打脾寒）飛的飛的跑。
父親（爸爸
爹）蓋絮
干凈（靈干）
高粱（甘蔗）高頭（高邊）
格（鉆、格來格去）膈肢窩 公雞 乖 拐噠
哈是（全是）恨恨聲 烘湯
紅莧菜（紫莧菜）虹（馬云、馬霓）后來（落后）
呼呼聲 化生子
黃昏（糊涂）餛飩
包面 豁唇?子
活整（完全、實在是）急作寶 夾生 濺三爺
江米酒
伏汁酒 講狠（講枯狠）講枯狠 結(jié)冰
魝（魚）今日 今天
盡他（任他搞）開黃口（占便宜）筷子（筷箸）老巴子 老頭子
累得哼哼聲。里汗水流 利巴
撩敝（蠻撩敝）撩濺 撩撇 溜刷 流打鬼 流眼水 螺螄骨 蠻背時
蠻糊（烤、襲、涾）人 蠻造孽
饅頭
包子
毛巾（洗臉手巾）毛竅
卯起噠
沒得（沒有）
沒冇飯了（沒得）
濛濛雨（）
米飯（大米飯、干飯）棉絮
面粉
灰面 明日
明天
母親（媽媽
姆媽）暮氣
哪么(你哪么搞)哪么樣（怎么樣）耐不何（受不了）
男孩兒
男人（男的、男將）你不慌唦。你等嚇著。女孩兒
女人（女的、女將）女婿
姑爺 糯米（江米）
胖騷氣 胖頭魚
拋撒（浪費）跑都跑不徹。泡貨（老泡）泡貨、老泡
偏廈子（偏房子）
騙人（哄人、呼人）
妻子（老婆，屋里的、堂客）搶犯（強(qiáng)盜）
瘸子（拜子
跛子）三不知
傻子（憨子）剩飯
什么？（么子？）手冷冰噠 舒服（安逸）刷牙
洗口 誰？（哪個？）水坑（堰、水塘）說夢話
送禮（趕人情）送祝米
餿了
燍氣 蒜（蒜頭）他您家
他氣不過，側(cè)身走噠 太陽
談天（扯白）討人嫌 討嫌 天氣
頭屑（膚皮
頭皮屑）團(tuán)子散破噠。脫不了壺。
唾沫
(口水/涎水)外祖父 外祖母 豌豆 完噠完噠
蚊帳（罩子、蚊罩）蚊子
窩索（用力）齷齪
霧（罩子）稀乎 膝蓋
下地（下不了地）小孩兒
曉得
新娘（新姑娘）幸虧（虧得）雪子（雪子子）血飛（煩他）伢兒蠻吵人子。啞巴（啞子）
眼淚
眼水
雁（大雁、雁鵝）楊樹（柳樹）一格就不見噠。一只眼（蟒子）岳父
老丈人 岳母
丈母娘 躁躁聲
賊
（小偷兒）怎么（那么）占欺頭（占便宜）占香贏
站著（站到）
這事是那么搞起在。砧板（案板）著貨（裝得多）祖父
爹爹 祖母
婆婆 左已 做道場
點擊咨詢 