第一篇:世衛(wèi)組織總干事2011年世界衛(wèi)生日致辭
世衛(wèi)組織總干事2011年世界衛(wèi)生日致辭
時間:2011-4-11 10:16:16
When the first antibiotics were introduced in the 1940s, they were hailed as “wonder drugs”, the miracles of modern medicine.And rightly so.Widespread infections that killed many millions of people every year could now be cured.Major diseases, like syphilis, gonorrhoea, leprosy, and tuberculosis, lost much of their sting.The risk of death from something so common as strep throat or a child’s scratched knee virtually vanished.抗生素于上個世紀40年代首次現(xiàn)身時,被人們驚呼為“神藥”,是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的奇跡。情況也的確如此。曾經(jīng)每年奪去數(shù)百萬人生命的廣泛存在的感染,現(xiàn)在得以治愈。梅毒、淋病、麻風(fēng)和結(jié)核等主要疾病失去了鋒芒。鏈球菌性咽喉炎或孩子劃傷腿等常見病患造成死亡的風(fēng)險基本上已不復(fù)存在。
The powerful impact of these medicines sparked a revolution in the discovery of new drugs.The human condition took a dramatic turn for the better, with significant jumps in life expectancy.這些藥物的巨大影響引發(fā)了一場發(fā)現(xiàn)新藥的革命。人類的狀況得到了極大好轉(zhuǎn),期望壽命有了顯著提高。
The message on this World Health Day is loud and clear.The world is on the brink of losing these miracle cures.今年世界衛(wèi)生日傳達的信息清晰而響亮:世界即將失去這些神藥。
The emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens has accelerated.More and more essential medicines are failing.The therapeutic arsenal is shrinking.The speed with which these drugs are being lost far outpaces the development of replacement drugs.In fact, the R&D pipeline for new antimicrobials has practically run dry.耐藥病原體已經(jīng)加速出現(xiàn)和蔓延。越來越多人們必需的藥物正在失效。可供選擇的治療手段
日益減少。我們失去這些藥物的速度遠遠超過其替代藥物的開發(fā)速度。新抗菌劑的研發(fā)線事實上已日趨枯竭。
The implications are equally clear.In the absence of urgent corrective and protective actions, the world is heading towards a post-antibiotic era, in which many common infections will no longer have a cure and, once again, kill unabated.The implications go beyond a resurgence of deadly infections to threaten many other life-saving and life-prolonging interventions, like cancer treatments, sophisticated surgical operations, and organ transplantations.With hospitals now the hotbeds for highly-resistant pathogens, such procedures become hazardous.其影響同樣不言而喻。如不采取緊急的糾正和預(yù)防行動,世界將進入后抗生素時代,許多常見感染將不再有藥可醫(yī),死亡將再次有增無減。其影響不僅僅是致命感染會卷土重來,還會威脅到其他許多挽救和延長生命的干預(yù)措施,如癌癥治療、復(fù)雜的外科手術(shù)、器官移植等。隨著醫(yī)院現(xiàn)在成了高度耐藥病原體的溫床,上述操作也變得風(fēng)險重重。
While hospital “superbugs” make the biggest headlines, these especially deadly pathogens are just the extreme expression of a much broader, and more disturbing picture.醫(yī)院的“超級病菌”成了最引人注目的新聞,但這些致死性極強的病原體只是更大規(guī)模、更令人不安情況的冰山一角。
The development of resistance is a natural biological process that will occur, sooner or later, with every drug.The use of any antimicrobial for any infection, in any dose, and over any time period, forces microbes to either adapt or die in a phenomenon known as “selective pressure”.The microbes which adapt and survive carry genes for resistance, which can be passed on from one person to another and rapidly spread around the world.出現(xiàn)耐藥是每種藥物遲早都會發(fā)生的自然生物過程。針對某種感染使用某一劑量的某種抗菌
劑一段時間,會迫使微生物或是適應(yīng),或是死亡;這種現(xiàn)象稱為“選擇壓力”。適應(yīng)并存活下來的微生物攜帶耐藥基因,可以從一個人傳給另一個人,并在世界上快速蔓延開來。
This natural process has been vastly accelerated and amplified by a number of human practices, behaviours, and policy failures.Collectively, the world has failed to handle these fragile cures with appropriate care.We have assumed that miracle cures will last forever, with older drugs eventually failing only to be replaced by newer, better and more powerful ones.This is not at all the trend we are seeing.人類的一些做法、行為和政策失誤,大大加速并放大了這一自然過程。全世界都未能以恰當(dāng)?shù)闹斏鱽韺Υ@些易受影響的藥物。我們想當(dāng)然地以為神藥永遠存在,舊藥最終失效,而更新、更好、作用更強的藥物會取代它們。但我們現(xiàn)在看到的趨勢卻并非如此。
Faulty practices and flawed assumptions have clearly made the inevitable development of drug resistance happen much sooner, rather than later.For some diseases, like malaria, our options are very limited as we have only a single class of effective drugswith which to treat more than 200 million falciparum cases each year.Although new drugs are under development, especially through the Medicines for Malaria Venture, a public-private partnership, early signals of artemisinin resistance have already been detected.耐藥性遲早都會出現(xiàn),而錯誤的做法和站不住腳的假設(shè)明顯地讓它提前發(fā)生,而非延后。對瘧疾等疾病,我們的選擇余地十分有限,因為只有青篙素類復(fù)合制劑這一類有效藥物,每年用來治療2億多惡性瘧病例。盡管通過“瘧疾藥物開發(fā)項目”這一公私合作機制以及其他機制正在開發(fā)新藥,但人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了青篙素耐藥的早期征兆。
Similarly, gains in reducing child deaths due to diarrhoea and respiratory infections are at risk.And, while TB deaths are declining, in just the past year nearly half a million people developed multidrug-resistant TB, and a third of
them died as a result.These are just a few of the stark warnings that must be heeded.我們在減少腹瀉及呼吸道感染造成的死亡兒童人數(shù)方面所取得的成就也同樣面臨危險。還有,結(jié)核造成的死亡人數(shù)不斷下降,但僅去年就有近50萬人出現(xiàn)了耐多藥結(jié)核,并造成其中1/3的人死亡。這些只是我們必須注意的嚴峻警告中的一部分。
The responsibility for turning this situation around is entirely in our hands.Irrational and inappropriate use of antimicrobials is by far the biggest driver of drug resistance.This includes overuse, when drugs are dispensed too liberally, sometimes to “be on the safe side”, sometimes in response to patient demand, but often for doctors and pharmacists to make more money.我們對轉(zhuǎn)變目前的局勢負有全責(zé)??咕鷦┑牟缓侠砑安划?dāng)使用,目前是出現(xiàn)耐藥的最主要原因。它包括發(fā)藥過于隨便導(dǎo)致的過度用藥;有時是“為保險起見”,有時是因為患者要求,但經(jīng)常是因為醫(yī)生和藥師想掙更多的錢。
This includes underuse, especially when economic hardship encourages patients to stop treatment as soon as they feel better, rather than complete the treatment course needed to fully kill the pathogen.This includes misuse, when drugs are given for the wrong disease, usually in the absence of a diagnostic test.它還包括用藥不足,尤其是患者因經(jīng)濟困難而感覺稍好就停止用藥,而不是堅持完成殺死所有病原體所需的整個療程。還包括用藥與疾病不符(通常是在缺乏實驗室診斷的情況下)導(dǎo)致的藥物誤用。
In many countries, this includes a failure to keep substandard products off the market, to ensure that antimicrobials are dispensed only by a licensed prescriber, and to stop over-the-counter sales of individual pills.在許多國家,它還包括未能杜絕劣質(zhì)藥品進入市場,未能確保抗菌劑只能由合法注冊的處方人員開出,未能阻止零散藥片作為非處方藥出售。
And this includes the massive routine use of antimicrobials, to promote growth and for prophylaxis, in the industrialized production of food.In several parts of the world, more than 50% in tonnage of all antimicrobial production is used in food-producing animals.In addition, veterinarians in some countries earn at least 40% of their income from the sale of drugs, creating a strong disincentive to limit their use.The problem arises when drugs used for food production are medically important for human health, as evidence shows that pathogens that have developed resistance to drugs in animals can be transmitted to humans.它還包括在食品工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)中大量常規(guī)地使用抗菌劑來促進生長和防病。在世界不少地區(qū),抗菌劑產(chǎn)量的總噸數(shù)中,有50%以上是用于產(chǎn)肉動物。此外,有些國家獸醫(yī)的收入中,至少有40%來源于賣藥,極不利于抗菌劑的限制使用。當(dāng)用于食品生產(chǎn)的藥物對人類健康有著重要意義時,問題就出現(xiàn)了,因為證據(jù)顯示,動物中的耐藥病原體可以傳給人。
On this World Health Day, WHO is issuing a policy package to get everyone, especially governments and their drug regulatory systems, on the right track, with the right measures, quickly.Governments can make progress, working with health workers, pharmacists, civil society, patients, and industry.We all can plan and coordinate our response.We can expand surveillance efforts.We can improve drug regulatory and supply systems.We can foster improved use of medicines for human and animal health.We can actively prevent and control infections in health services and beyond.And, we must stimulate a robust pipeline for new antimicrobials, diagnostics and vaccines.值此世界衛(wèi)生日之際,世衛(wèi)組織發(fā)布了一套政策,讓每個人,尤其是政府及藥品監(jiān)管體系,端正方向,迅速采取正確措施。政府可與醫(yī)務(wù)人員、藥劑人員、民間團體、患者和企業(yè)合作,攜手前進。我們所有人都可計劃和協(xié)調(diào)自己的應(yīng)對行動。我們可以擴大監(jiān)測工作。我們可以改善藥品監(jiān)管供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。我們可以倡導(dǎo)改善人類與動物衛(wèi)生中的用藥。我們可以積極防控衛(wèi)生服務(wù)內(nèi)外的感染。我們必須鼓勵建立針對新的抗菌劑、診斷工具及疫苗的強有力的研發(fā)線。Drug resistance costs vast amounts of money, and affects vast numbers of lives.The trends are clear and ominous.No action today means no cure tomorrow.At a time of multiple calamities in the world, we cannot allow the loss of essential medicines – essential cures for many millions of people – to become the next global crisis.耐藥造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟損失,眾多人的生命受到影響,這種不祥的趨勢顯而易見。今天不采取行動,就意味著明天無藥可用。在這個世界發(fā)生著多重災(zāi)難的時刻,我們不能讓失去數(shù)百萬人所必需的基本藥物成為下一次的全球危機。
第二篇:世衛(wèi)組織總干事第15屆世界煙草或健康大會發(fā)言時間
世衛(wèi)組織總干事第15屆世界煙草或健康大會發(fā)言時間:2012-05-31 15:40來源:口譯網(wǎng) 作者:口譯網(wǎng) 點擊:1356次
Galvanizing global action towards a tobacco-free world
-Keynote address at the 15th World Conference on Tobacco or Health Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization Singapore 20 March 2012
激勵全球行動,走向無煙世界
——在第十五屆世界煙草或健康大會上的主旨發(fā)言 世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事 陳馮富珍博士 新加坡
2012年3月20日
Excellencies, honourable ministers, distinguished delegates, members of civil society, ladies and gentlemen,各位閣下、尊貴的各位部長、尊敬的代表們、民間社會的成員們、女士們、先生們:
I am pleased to speak at the opening of this 15th World Conference on Tobacco or Health.I thank Singapore’s Health Promotion Board for organizing this event, and am pleased that WHO has provided technical support.很高興能夠在第十五屆世界煙草或健康大會開幕式上發(fā)表講話。感謝新加坡健康促進委員會主辦此次活動,很高興世衛(wèi)組織為其提供了技術(shù)支持。
This conference is being held at a time when we are at a crossroads in our efforts to rid the world of a killing addiction.In principle, the balance is entirely in our favour.In a perfectly sane, reasonable, and rational world, with a level playing field, the anti-tobacco community would surely speak with the loudest voice and carry the biggest stick.本次會議召開之際,我們正處于使世界擺脫一項致命性成癮嗜好的努力的十字路口。原則上,天平完全傾向于我們。在一個完全清醒、理智和合理的世界中,只要有公平的競技場,禁煙者必定聲音最響亮,力量最強大。
Evidence for the physical harm, and economic costs, of tobacco use keeps growing, and I am certain that this conference will expand the evidence base even further.煙草使用戕害身體,造成經(jīng)濟代價的證據(jù)不斷增加,我堅信,本次會議也必將進一步擴展這一證據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。
Tobacco use is the world’s number one preventable killer.We know this statistically, beyond a shadow of a doubt.In a world undergoing economic upheaval, with populations ageing, chronic diseases on the rise, and medical costs soaring, tackling a huge and entirely preventable cause of disease and death becomes all the more imperative.煙草使用是全世界頭號可預(yù)防死因。統(tǒng)計數(shù)字告訴了我們這一點,沒有什么疑問。在這樣一個經(jīng)濟動蕩、人口老齡化、慢性疾病不斷增長和醫(yī)療費用扶搖直上的世界上,應(yīng)對一項巨大并完全可預(yù)防的致病致死因素變得益發(fā)迫切。
We know that tobacco directly harms the user’s health in multiple ways.We know that tobacco products kill their consumers.我們知道,煙草以多種方式直接危害使用者的健康。我們知道,煙草制品會殺害其消費者。
We know that tobacco smoking, like a drive-by shooting, kills innocent bystanders who are forced to breathe air contaminated with hundreds of toxic chemicals.We know what tobacco exposure during pregnancy does to the fetus, another innocent, blameless, and entirely helpless victim.我們知道,吸煙就像飛車槍擊一樣,傷及無辜路人,因為他們被迫吸入含有數(shù)百種有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)的空氣。我們知道,妊娠期接觸煙草暴露會對胎兒造成何種影響,他們是另一些無辜、沒有過錯卻又完全無助的受害者。
We know that tobacco use is not a choice.It is a powerful addiction.The true choice is between tobacco or health.我們知道,煙草使用不是一項選擇。它是一項強烈的成癮。真正的選擇在于要煙草還是要健康。
We have evidence, and we have instruments.As a tool for fighting back, we have the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, with 174 parties now committed to implementing the treaty’s articles and obligations.These parties govern nearly 90% of the world’s 7 billion people.If safety from tobacco lies in numbers, we have them.我們有證據(jù),我們也有手段。我們有《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》作為反擊手段,現(xiàn)已有174個締約方承諾履行公約各項條款和義務(wù)。這些締約方治理著全世界70億人口中的近90%。如果煙草威脅下的安全倚賴于數(shù)量,那么我們已經(jīng)擁有了數(shù)量。
But we also know that implementation falls short, for many reasons, in many countries.We have addressed this problem as well.We have a practical, cost-effective way to scale up implementation of provisions in the treaty on the ground.That is, the best-buy and good-buy measures for reducing tobacco use set out in the MPOWER package.但我們也知道,由于諸多原因,在許多國家,實施工作跟不上。我們處理了這一問題。我們掌握了具有成本效益的實際方法,用以加強條約條款的現(xiàn)場實施。即MPOWER系列政策中載明的用于減少煙草使用的各種最劃算和美而不費的措施。
We have abundant country experiences that demonstrate the effectiveness of these measures.Evidence also shows how these measures can have a value-added impact.在證明這些措施的效驗方面,我們具有豐富的國家經(jīng)驗。證據(jù)還顯示了這些措施如何具有增值效應(yīng)。
For example, in a study published earlier this year, researchers demonstrated that smoke-free workplaces actually decrease smoking in homes.These findings soundly refute industry-sponsored propaganda.例如,在今年年初發(fā)表的一項研究報告中,研究人員表明,無煙工作場所實際上能夠減少在家吸煙。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)充分駁斥了由煙草行業(yè)資助的宣傳。
Just two weeks ago, another major study, involving more than 700,000 deliveries, found that smoking bans have significant health benefits for unborn babies.This proved true for women who smoke but also for women who have never consumed tobacco yet were exposed to second-hand smoke.就在兩個星期前,另外一項涉及70多萬次分娩的重大研究發(fā)現(xiàn),禁煙對未出生嬰兒有重大健康利益。這項結(jié)論無論對于吸煙的女性,還是從未使用過煙草但接觸二手煙霧的女性而言,都被證明是正確的。
And we have an enemy, a ruthless and devious enemy, to unite us and ignite a passionate commitment to prevail.同時,我們還有一個敵人,一個無情而陰險的敵人,它把我們聯(lián)合在一起,并激發(fā)我們高昂的必勝決心。
Unfortunately, this is where the balance no longer tips so strongly in our favour.The enemy, the tobacco industry, has changed its face and its tactics.The wolf is no longer in sheep’s clothing, and its teeth are bared.很不幸,正是這一點使天平不再如此強烈的偏向我們。我們的敵人——煙草行業(yè)已經(jīng)變換面孔和策略。這匹狼不再披著羊皮,它已張開血盆大口。
Tactics aimed at undermining anti-tobacco campaigns, and subverting the Framework Convention, are no longer covert or cloaked by an image of corporate social responsibility.They are out in the open and they are extremely aggressive.旨在破壞禁煙活動,顛覆《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》的伎倆不再遮遮掩掩,也不再披上公司社會責(zé)任的外衣。它們公然跳出,極具攻擊性。
The high-profile legal actions targeting Uruguay, Norway, Australia, and Turkey are deliberately designed to instil fear in countries wishing to introduce similarly tough tobacco control measures.那些針對烏拉圭、挪威、澳大利亞和土耳其的高調(diào)法律訴訟,是一些蓄意行為,目的是恐嚇那些希望采用類似嚴格煙草控制措施的國家。
What the industry wants to see is a domino effect.When one country’s resolve falters under the pressure of costly, drawn-out litigation and threats of billion-dollar settlements, others with similar intentions are likely to topple as well.這一行業(yè)希望看到的是多米諾效應(yīng)。當(dāng)費用高昂且曠日持久的訴訟壓力以及數(shù)十億美元的清算威脅動搖了一個國家的決心,其他有類似打算的國家很可能也會倒下。
Numerous other countries are being subjected to the same kind of aggressive scare tactics.It is hard for any country to bear the financial burden of this kind of litigation, but most especially so for small countries like Uruguay.This is not a sane, or reasonable, or rational situation in any sense.This is not a level playing field.許多其他國家都受制于此類咄咄逼人的恐嚇策略。任何國家都難以承受此類訴訟的財政負擔(dān),對于烏拉圭等小國來說,情況尤其如此。從任何意義上講,這都不是清醒、理智和合理的情況。這不是公平競技。
Big Tobacco can afford to hire the best lawyers and PR firms that money can buy.Big Money can speak louder than any moral, ethical, or public health argument, and can trample even the most damning scientific evidence.We have seen this happen before.大型煙草公司有錢可花,能夠買通大牌律師和公關(guān)公司。萬貫金錢的發(fā)言權(quán)勝過任何道德、倫理或公共衛(wèi)生論辯,還能夠踐踏最有力的科學(xué)證據(jù)。我們已經(jīng)見識這些。
It is horrific to think that an industry known for its dirty tricks and dirty laundry could be allowed to trump what is clearly in the public’s best interest.想到竟然能夠聽任一個盡人皆知充斥骯臟伎倆和黑幕的行業(yè)壓倒明顯的最佳公共利益,這著實令人震驚。
And there are other tactics, some new, others just old butts in new ashtrays.還有其他伎倆,有些是新的,有些則是新煙缸中的舊煙蒂。
In some countries, the tobacco industry is pushing for joint government-industry committees to vet or screen all policy and legislative matters pertaining to tobacco control.Don’t fall into this trap.Doing so is just like appointing a committee of foxes to look after your chickens.在一些國家,煙草行業(yè)正在推動建立政府—行業(yè)聯(lián)合委員會,審核或篩查所有與煙草控制相關(guān)的政策和立法事務(wù)。不要落入這個陷阱。這樣做就如同委托狐貍組成的委員會去照料雞雛。
More and more, investigations are uncovering the tobacco industry’s hand in court cases filed against tobacco control measures.調(diào)查越來越多地揭露了煙草業(yè)向法庭提起反對煙草控制措施的訴訟。
Paying people to use a country’s judicial system to challenge the legality of measures that protect the public is a flagrant abuse of the judicial system and a flagrant affront to national sovereignty.This is direct interference with a country’s internal affairs.花錢雇人利用一國的司法制度挑戰(zhàn)保護公眾的措施的合法性,是對司法制度的公然濫用,也是公然冒犯國家主權(quán)。這是對國家內(nèi)政的直接干預(yù)。
Members of civil society,民間社會的成員們,We need you, now more than ever.我們比以往任何時候都更加需要你們。
Experience has shown that, when government political resolve falters or weakens under industry pressure, coalitions of civil society can take up the slack and carry the day.We need this kind of outcry, this kind of rage.經(jīng)驗表明,當(dāng)政府的政治決心在行業(yè)壓力之下動搖或減弱時,民間社會聯(lián)盟能夠收拾殘局,克敵制勝。我們需要這樣的吶喊,這樣的激情。
Shaping public opinion is vital.If tough tobacco legislation wins votes, politicians will back it, and fight back against industry.影響公共輿論至關(guān)重要。如果嚴苛的煙草立法能夠拉來選票,政客們就會支持它,反擊煙草業(yè)。
Last year’s high-level UN meeting on noncommunicable diseases adopted a political declaration.To reduce risk factors and create health-promoting environments, heads of state and government agreed on the need to accelerate implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.去年,聯(lián)合國非傳染性疾病高級別會議通過了一項政治宣言。為減少風(fēng)險因素并創(chuàng)建促進健康的環(huán)境,國家元首和政府首腦同意需要加速實施《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》。
They recognized that substantially reducing tobacco consumption contributes to reducing NCDs and has considerable health benefits for individuals and countries.They also recognized the fundamental conflict of interest that exists between the tobacco industry and public health.他們承認,大幅度減少煙草消費可以減少非傳染性疾病,并對個人和國家產(chǎn)生巨大的健康利益。他們還承認了煙草業(yè)與公共衛(wèi)生之間存在根本性的利害沖突。
When I addressed that meeting, I reminded participants that full implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control would deliver the single biggest preventive blow to heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and respiratory disease.I called on heads of state and government to stand rock-hard against the despicable efforts of the tobacco industry to subvert this treaty.我在那次會議上致詞時,曾提醒與會者,全面實施《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》將成為預(yù)防心臟病、癌癥、糖尿病和呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的單一最大預(yù)防措施。我呼吁國家元首和政府首腦堅定各自立場,堅決反對煙草業(yè)顛覆這一公約的可恥行徑。
Ladies and gentlemen,女士們,先生們:
I have a final comment.我還有最后一點評論。
I come from a culture that shows great respect for its elders.So let me say that some of the older people in this audience may recall the Virginia Slims marketing campaign that targeted young professional women.我出身于一個極為尊重老年人的文化。因此,請允許我說,出席今天會議的某些老人可能還記得專門針對年輕職業(yè)女性的弗吉尼亞細長香煙的市場營銷運動。
That campaign sought to hook teenaged girls and young women by portraying smoking as a symbol of emancipation and self-assertive freedom.Its slogan was memorable: “You’ve come a long way, baby.”
這場運動將吸煙描繪成為象征著解放和自我張揚的自由,試圖引誘少女和年輕女性。它的廣告語也令人難忘:“你已進步多多,寶貝?!?/p>
Let me turn that around, addressing my own personal marketing campaign to the tobacco industry.讓我顛倒過來,向煙草業(yè)宣示我個人的市場營銷運動。
“We’ve come a long way, bullies.We will not be fazed by your harassment.Your products kill nearly 6 million people each year.You run a killing and intimidating industry, but not in a crush-proof box.Tobacco industry: the number and fortitude of your public health enemies will damage your health.”
“我們已經(jīng)進步多多,惡霸們。我們不會因你們的騷擾而膽怯。你們的產(chǎn)品每年殺害近600萬人。你們是在經(jīng)營殺戮和恐嚇行業(yè),但你們不是活在不怕磕碰的保險柜中。煙草行業(yè):你們在公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的敵人,人員之眾多,意志之堅強,必將損毀你們的健康?!?/p>
Ladies and gentlemen,女士們,先生們:
I sincerely hope that this conference, including the high-level ministerial panel on countering tobacco industry interference, will again tip the balance entirely in our favour.我衷心希望,本次會議,包括有關(guān)對抗煙草行業(yè)干擾的高級別部長級小組會議,將會再次使天平完全傾向于我們一方。
This conference is our watershed event.I sincerely hope that this event further damages the health of an industry that aggressively sells a health-destroying addiction.本次會議是一次具有轉(zhuǎn)折點意義的活動。我衷心希望,一個猖獗出售損毀健康的成癮性的行業(yè),其健康將因本次活動受到進一步打擊。
We can, and must, stop this industry’s massive contribution to sickness and death, dead in its tracks.我們能夠,并且必須阻止這一行業(yè)所導(dǎo)致的大量疾病和死亡,刻不容緩。
I wish you a most productive meeting.Thank you.我預(yù)祝這次會議卓有成效。謝謝。
原文鏈接:http://
第三篇:世界衛(wèi)生日致辭
世界衛(wèi)生日致辭
2014年4月7日
每年都有 100 多萬人死于由蚊子、蒼蠅、扁虱和錐蝽臭蟲等其他昆蟲攜帶的疾病。這些病媒傳染的疾病——包括瘧疾、登革熱、黃熱病、日本腦炎、南美錐蟲病和利什曼病——造成另外數(shù)億人患有慢性疾病并遭受巨大痛苦。
氣候變化、生境改變和國際貿(mào)易及旅行的增加,正使得更多人接觸到傳播這些疾病的病媒。這些疾病對所有區(qū)域構(gòu)成威脅,包括已消除這一威脅的國家,但受影響最大的是世界上最貧窮者,特別是那些居住在遠離保健服務(wù)的偏遠農(nóng)村社區(qū)或在城市棚戶區(qū)的窮人。病媒傳染的疾病嚴重影響人們的健康,也嚴重妨礙減貧和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
當(dāng)我們努力實現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)和制定2015年后的發(fā)展議程時,務(wù)必要認識到投資于病媒控制和預(yù)防疾病是一項明智和必要的投資。我們有應(yīng)對這些疾病的科學(xué)知識,并制定了行之有效的干預(yù)措施。例如,在非洲,7億多頂驅(qū)蟲蚊帳已協(xié)助大幅度減少瘧疾發(fā)病率,尤其是兒童和孕婦。
持續(xù)的政治承諾才能挽救數(shù)百萬人的生命,并產(chǎn)生重大的社會和經(jīng)濟回報。但必須要認識到,病媒控制不僅限于衛(wèi)生部門;計劃不周的發(fā)展倡議——例如為增加糧食產(chǎn)量砍伐森林、建造大壩或灌溉——可能增加疾病負擔(dān)。解決這一問題要求在許多領(lǐng)域進行統(tǒng)籌、協(xié)調(diào)和聯(lián)合的努力,包括環(huán)境、農(nóng)業(yè)、水和公共衛(wèi)生、城市規(guī)劃以及教育等。
人人都可在消除病媒傳染的疾病中發(fā)揮作用,包括國際組織、各國政府、私營部門、民間社會、社區(qū)團體和個人。值此世界衛(wèi)生日之際,我敦促各國和發(fā)展伙伴把病媒控制作為優(yōu)先事項。讓我們共同努力,解決對人類健康和發(fā)展造成這一嚴重但完全可以預(yù)防的威脅。
第四篇:世衛(wèi)組織總干事在執(zhí)行委員會會議上的講話
世衛(wèi)組織總干事在執(zhí)行委員會會議上的講話
時間:2015-02-25 字體:大 中 小
世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事陳馮富珍博士在執(zhí)行委員會第136屆會議上的報告
(瑞士日內(nèi)瓦 2015年1月26日)
主席先生、尊敬的執(zhí)行委員會委員、各位閣下、聯(lián)合國系統(tǒng)的同事們、女士們、先生們,我們是在世界因多種原因動蕩不定,面臨深刻的經(jīng)濟、社會和人口轉(zhuǎn)型的時刻召開這次會議的。社會不平等加劇了,全球總財富有更多的部分掌握在少數(shù)富人和有權(quán)有勢者手中。大量沖突、派系爭斗和恐怖主義活動顯示了人類非人性的陰暗一面。
去年一年,再度無情地提醒我們關(guān)注新的和流行性疾病的持續(xù)威脅。埃博拉顯然是一個最聳人聽聞和最具悲劇性的例子。
目前,我們面對種種威脅,包括當(dāng)下橫掃整個阿拉伯半島的中東呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒、蹂躪禽類養(yǎng)殖場的高致病性禽流感的多種新菌株,以及不斷出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致高死亡率的H5N1和H7N9禽流感人類病例。
世界衛(wèi)生組織《組織法》提及不平衡發(fā)展是一種“共同的危害”,并提及推動“人類關(guān)系的和諧”的活動的重要性。
如果公共衛(wèi)生還能對整個世界有所貢獻,那它就是:越來越多的證據(jù)表明,運轉(zhuǎn)良好的和包容性的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)將有助于社會凝聚、平等和穩(wěn)定。它們將社會聚攏在一起,幫助緩解社會緊張局勢。
如我以前說過的,在所有政策方案中,全民健康覆蓋是實現(xiàn)社會公正的最強大工具之一。
衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)以及支撐它們的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,例如有水電供應(yīng)的實驗室和醫(yī)院,連同背后的道路系統(tǒng)和充足的人員和救護車,不是在資金充?;蚱渌鼉?yōu)先考慮得到滿足的情況下,才會想起進行投資的奢侈品。
它們是抵御二十一世紀社會中日益頻繁的種種沖擊的不可或缺的緩沖,無論沖擊是來自氣候變化,還是來自失控的病毒。沒有這一緩沖,人類健康將在更為廣泛的層面上受到?jīng)_擊。一場最初的衛(wèi)生危機可以演化為人類、社會、金融和安全危機。
女士們、先生們,大家的議程涉及當(dāng)今一些最為緊迫的公共衛(wèi)生問題:氣候變化帶來的健康后果,越來越多的抗菌藥物失效造成的威脅,還需要克服市場失靈,市場失靈導(dǎo)致臨床醫(yī)生在治療埃博拉一類早已認定的和致命的疾病時一籌莫展。
世衛(wèi)組織去年的健康與氣候變化問題會議提醒世界注意,人類實際上是氣候變化導(dǎo)致的最重要的瀕危物種。該次會議吸引了大約400名與會者,也是世衛(wèi)組織曾經(jīng)召開的第一次碳中和會議。
許多媒介傳播疾病對氣候變化高度敏感。登革熱即為其中之一。近些年來,傳播此種疾病的主要昆蟲病媒悄無聲息地在全世界蔓延,目前出現(xiàn)在150多個國家。干蚊子卵如同偷渡者一樣伴隨國際貨運長途旅行。氣候變化則可能引發(fā)更為廣泛的傳播。
在世界各個地區(qū),日益眾多的病源體對抗菌藥物產(chǎn)生了耐藥性。這對人類健康造成了嚴重后果,尤其是在生產(chǎn)線上,可以取而代之的產(chǎn)品少得可憐。世界正在走向后抗生素時代,在這個時代,許多原本普通的傳染病很可能再度戕害生命。
由于缺乏有效的抗生素,一些現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)中已有的最為先進的干預(yù)措施,例如器官移植、髖關(guān)節(jié)臵換手術(shù)、癌癥化療,以及早產(chǎn)兒護理,都變得過于危險。
對這些后果,可以有一個簡單的表述,也即我們所謂的現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的終結(jié)。治療一些結(jié)核病和淋病的臨床醫(yī)生已經(jīng)一籌莫展,因為即使作為“最后手段”的藥物也不再有效。
臨床醫(yī)生的一籌莫展,還有另一個重大原因:當(dāng)前的制度和激勵措施不能夠刺激人們開發(fā)新的醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)品,用來治療主要是影響窮人的疾病。如果我們對公正和包容性衛(wèi)生保健的承諾是嚴肅的,我們就負有道德義務(wù),必須運用科學(xué)研究和藥物創(chuàng)新的力量,減輕窮人一些與衛(wèi)生相關(guān)聯(lián)的苦難。
女士們、先生們,隨著國際發(fā)展共同體進入2015年后時代,我們可以為一些極其鼓舞人心的趨勢和成就而慶賀。公共衛(wèi)生因《千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)》而受益良多。
去年,一份報告披露了一個極好的消息,顯示兒童死亡率的下降要比以往任何時候都更快。2013年,每日死亡的兒童比1990年少1.7萬人。孕產(chǎn)婦的死亡率也在下降,但卻不夠快。這些努力仍在繼續(xù)中,世衛(wèi)組織的新目標(biāo)包括終止新生兒死亡,再接再厲來增進青少年健康。
在所有衛(wèi)生相關(guān)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)中,降低孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率是最困難的一個。要做到這一點,依賴的不是交付單一干預(yù)措施,例如疫苗、蚊帳以及混合藥物,而是依賴運轉(zhuǎn)良好的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng),獲得熟練接生人員的幫助,接受緊急產(chǎn)科護理服務(wù)。終結(jié)新生兒死亡同樣依賴衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的多重功能。
許多艾滋病專家相信,這一流行病在去年達到了臨界點。2013年底,全世界有將近1300萬人接受了抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療,其中將近1200萬人生活在低收入和中等收入國家。艾滋病專家還將告訴你,世衛(wèi)組織對這一疾病的公共衛(wèi)生方針,以及對臨床指南的梳理和簡化為這一里程碑式的成就作出了多大貢獻。
全球遏制瘧疾規(guī)劃發(fā)表了迄今為止最鼓舞人心的報告。進展是真實的和巨大的,得到了大規(guī)模分發(fā)經(jīng)殺蟲劑處理的蚊帳工作的支持。進展還緣于世衛(wèi)組織在以下方面的工作,即對藥物和診斷方法進行資格預(yù)審,密切監(jiān)督藥物和殺蟲劑耐藥性的發(fā)展,以及采取因地制宜的戰(zhàn)略。
在以往成功的基礎(chǔ)上,遏制結(jié)核病的雄心也高漲起來,世衛(wèi)組織確認了消除這一疾病的30多個目標(biāo)國家。這一目標(biāo)得到了在診斷結(jié)核病廣泛耐藥性方面進展的支持。
如同世衛(wèi)組織的其它許多規(guī)劃一樣,艾滋病、結(jié)核病和瘧疾規(guī)劃也都有助于激勵創(chuàng)新,利用新技術(shù)的好處。
下個月,我們將發(fā)表一份關(guān)于被忽視的熱帶病全球狀況的報告。大家知道,這些疾病拖累10多億民眾淪入貧困境地。該報告只用三個統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)即向你說明了所取得的成果,以及它們的規(guī)模。
對消除淋巴絲蟲病的核查已在六個國家展開。非洲一個國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)的持續(xù)努力將非洲昏睡病的發(fā)病率減少了90%。2006年以來,向地球上一些最貧窮的人交付了50多億次抗寄生蟲治療。
這一舉措為擺脫貧困鋪平了道路。
女士們、先生們,我們將在2015年后時代面臨的衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn)是巨大的。隨著慢性非傳染性疾病的漸趨猖獗,富國與發(fā)展中國家衛(wèi)生問題之間的明顯分野消失了。
世界各地的健康都受制于普遍的壓力,例如不健康產(chǎn)品的全球化營銷、人口老齡化,以及迅速的城市化。這些力量造成了多種衛(wèi)生負擔(dān),需要同時以不同的戰(zhàn)略來加以解決。
伴隨古往今來傳染病帶來的死亡負擔(dān),又有更多人死于非傳染性疾病的新的負擔(dān)。迅速的無計劃的城市化增添了第三個負擔(dān):死于道路交通事故和精神疾患、物質(zhì)濫用,以及城市貧民區(qū)盛行的暴力。
關(guān)于青少年健康問題的報告清楚指明了這些負擔(dān)如何從世衛(wèi)組織一個區(qū)域到另一個區(qū)域而互有不同。
在美洲,人際暴力造成的死亡占低收入和中等收入國家男性青少年死亡的三分之一。在富余國家,大多數(shù)青少年死亡來自交通傷害。
在東地中海區(qū)域,戰(zhàn)爭或沖突是青年人死亡的主要原因。對東南亞區(qū)域的女童來說,死亡的主要原因是自殺。在撒哈拉以南非洲,主要原因是艾滋病毒/艾滋病。
去年召開的第二次國際營養(yǎng)大會強調(diào)了另外一個雙重負擔(dān)。在同一些國家、社區(qū)甚至家庭中,極端的營養(yǎng)不足和營養(yǎng)過剩越來越多的同時并存。該次大會再度表明,國際制度,例如國際貿(mào)易制度如何對健康產(chǎn)生重大、有時是決定性的影響。
疾病的此類非衛(wèi)生驅(qū)動因素強調(diào)需要各國政府制定協(xié)調(diào)一致的政策,避免在某個部門效果很好的戰(zhàn)略,卻給健康帶來極其嚴重的后果。
營養(yǎng)大會如同聯(lián)合國大會審查非傳染性疾病的控制進展情況的會議一樣,賦予了世衛(wèi)組織許多緊迫的使命。我們在今后也有大量工作有待去做,因為各個規(guī)劃都轉(zhuǎn)入了2015年后時代,都在調(diào)整其目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略。
各理事機構(gòu)批準了越來越多的全球行動計劃和基礎(chǔ)戰(zhàn)略,指導(dǎo)我們的工作。在本屆會議上,大家將審議關(guān)于瘧疾問題的一項。
世衛(wèi)組織改革也在大家的議程上。我相信,大家將像往常一樣,認真審視與改革相關(guān)的報告和建議,并著眼于世衛(wèi)組織今后的作用和職責(zé)。
女士們、先生們,我們今后面對的挑戰(zhàn)要比本世紀發(fā)軔之初更為復(fù)雜。就許多挑戰(zhàn)而言,僅僅提供醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品是不夠的,因為削除若干重大衛(wèi)生威脅,要求多個非衛(wèi)生部門采取行動。
這還需要行為改變,其中包括公共衛(wèi)生中最艱巨的任務(wù)之一——改變?nèi)祟愋袨?,但也包括改變強大的?jīng)濟運營者的行為。
公共衛(wèi)生,強調(diào)全體人口的防范以及在享有增進健康和拯救生命的干預(yù)措施方面的公正性,它的運作日益處在危機四伏的世界背景下。這些危險,許多是源于人類對我們?nèi)藵M為患的星球環(huán)境、糧食生產(chǎn)體系、資源,包括脆弱的抗菌藥物管理不善。
一些危險,例如肥胖癥,是觸目可見的。其它則來自隱密和活躍的微生物世界。還有一些危險,端賴世衛(wèi)組織的監(jiān)督職能,才引起人們注意,世衛(wèi)組織監(jiān)測全球趨勢,當(dāng)這些趨勢顯露不祥苗頭時,隨即發(fā)出警示。
隨著經(jīng)濟的增長,基本藥物價格翻了一番還多,即是危險之一??諝馕廴緦?dǎo)致的傷害是另一個危險。通過呼吁減輕這一傷害,我們可以看到世界在多大程度上依賴世衛(wèi)組織的監(jiān)測職能,相信我們所制定的標(biāo)準。
在昨日關(guān)于埃博拉問題的特別會議上,大家指出了其它許多危險。請允許我在結(jié)束發(fā)言時簡單描述一下當(dāng)下人們很少注意的另一場疫情:馬達加斯加的鼠疫。
這是一場地理上集中,不難管理的疫情,世衛(wèi)組織決意加以遏制。鼠疫在馬達加斯加很流行,季節(jié)性疫情因貧窮和無計劃的城市化這雙重因素而加劇。早期發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病,治療將是有效的。該國由世衛(wèi)組織支助的巴斯德研究所的研究人員,開發(fā)了廉價和可靠的診斷檢測方法,在15分鐘內(nèi)即可得出結(jié)果。
但去年11月暴發(fā)疫情有一些令人不安的情況。將這一古老疾病從老鼠身上傳播給人類的跳蚤對一線殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了耐藥性。鼠疫在首都城市立足,肆虐于人口密集的貧民窟。這很令人擔(dān)憂,因為大約8%的病例將發(fā)展為致死性的肺鼠疫,并在人與人之間直接傳播。
上個星期,印度洋熱帶風(fēng)暴引發(fā)的洪水和一場龍卷風(fēng)襲擊了馬達加斯加,成千上萬的民眾流離失所,數(shù)不勝數(shù)的老鼠也四散奔逃,加劇了有更多嚙齒類動物傳播流行病的風(fēng)險。
在大家討論2016-2017年規(guī)劃預(yù)算方案和世衛(wèi)組織改革等項目時,我請大家牢記需要一個強大和靈活的世衛(wèi)組織,隨時準備應(yīng)對此類種種意外、挫折和錯綜復(fù)雜的危險。
謝謝大家。
摘自:http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2015/136-executive-board/zh/
第五篇:萬國郵政聯(lián)盟總干事2010世界郵政日致辭
Message on World Post Day 2010
from Edouard Dayan, Director-General of the Universal Postal UnionOctober, 2010
創(chuàng)新的郵政,相關(guān)的郵政
——2010世界郵政日致辭
萬國郵政聯(lián)盟總干事
2010年10月9日
With the surge in new information and communication technologies transforming our world, many are wondering whether Posts really do have a future.My response is a categorical yes.隨著新的信息通信技術(shù)不斷改變著我們的世界,有些人想問郵政還有沒有將來。我可以完全肯定地回答:有!
Posts offer a whole host of services – both traditional and new – to meet the communication needs of billions of people and businesses every day.Instead of retreating before these new technologies, which are changing our concept of communication almost every day, Posts are changing too and showing that they can also be innovative.郵政提供了一整套傳統(tǒng)的和新的服務(wù),以滿足幾十億人及企業(yè)每天的通信交流的需求。面對著這些幾乎每天都在改變我們通信概念的技術(shù),郵政也在發(fā)生變化,而且郵政也能創(chuàng)新。
Some 65% of the world's national Posts now offer online services, including online bill payments(16%), e-postage services(13%)and delivery of items against e-signatures(10%).Another 12% offer Internet shop?ping(e-commerce), and, a full 40% provide public Internet access points.A new top level domain name,.post, recently assigned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers(ICANN), in sponsorship with the UPU, will enable the postal sector to establish a solid base in cyberspace for developing secure and trusted e-postal services.現(xiàn)在65%左右的國內(nèi)郵政提供網(wǎng)上服務(wù),其中包括網(wǎng)上賬單付費業(yè)務(wù)(16%),電子郵票服務(wù)(13%),電子簽名投遞服務(wù)(10%)。另有12%提供網(wǎng)上購物服務(wù)(電子商務(wù)),共有40%的郵政部門為公眾提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上網(wǎng)服務(wù)。最近互聯(lián)網(wǎng)名稱與數(shù)字地址分配機構(gòu)分配的新的高級域名.post,將使郵政部門在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間建立牢固的基礎(chǔ),并創(chuàng)建安全可靠的電子投遞服務(wù)。
This is a course that needs to be followed.While Posts worldwide continue to process more than
483 billion letters per year, mail volumes continue to decline as a result of electronic substitution and the recent financial crisis(particularly in industrialized countries and depending on the state of the economy).這將是一個趨勢。雖然世界各地的郵政部門每年繼續(xù)處理4830億封信件,但由于電子信件以及最近的經(jīng)濟危機,郵件的數(shù)量還在繼續(xù)下滑。
And although physical mail will not be disappearing overnight any time soon despite this downward trend, Posts are looking to the future by diversifying their products and services.Thanks to e-commerce, parcel volumes are taking off.Posts in many countries are seeing annual growth rates of 20% in parcel volumes due to online sales.Posts are also offering more and more financial services, customized e-services, logistics services, administrative services and many others.當(dāng)然信件不會因這一趨勢而在一夜之間消失,但郵政部門正通過實現(xiàn)其產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的多樣化來面對未來。電子商務(wù)的出現(xiàn)使包裹投遞的數(shù)量迅速增加。網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售使很多國家的郵政包裹投遞總量增加了20%。郵政部門也在提供更多服務(wù),如金融服務(wù),客戶化電子服務(wù),行政管理服務(wù)等。
All of these services also create jobs and support local businesses.A study of 5,561 municipalities in Brazil revealed that the opening of a postal bank branch in one of these municipalities over four years directly resulted in a 14% increase in the number of new jobs and a 23% increase in the number of new small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).More generally, economists agree that postal services help to increase a country's gross national product by at least 1%.所有這些服務(wù)也將創(chuàng)造就業(yè)并支持地方企業(yè)。對巴西的5561個市的研究表明,在其中一個市建立一個郵政銀行支行就可以在4年中新增14%的工作機會及23%中小型企業(yè)。更籠統(tǒng)地說,經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認同郵政服務(wù)至少可使一個國家的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增加1%。
On this 9 October, World Post Day, let us remember the very relevant and valuable role the Post plays in the day-to-day lives of billions of people and businesses, not only as a means of communication, but also as an essential driver of economic growth.讓我們在10月9日,世界郵政日這一天,記住郵政在幾十億人每天的生活及各類企業(yè)活動中所起的十分相關(guān)及重要的作用。郵政不僅是一種通信工具,它也是驅(qū)動經(jīng)濟增長的重要因素。