第一篇：肯尼迪演講分析

姓名：劉槐學(xué)號(hào);P101011851班級(jí)：08級(jí)英語(yǔ)（1）班

對(duì)肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的就職演講文章進(jìn)行分析

人物方面：肯尼迪總統(tǒng)是美國(guó)口才最好的總統(tǒng)之一，此篇文章是其于一九六一年的就職演講辭。在本文中他呼呼吁語(yǔ)果斷和犧牲精神來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前的許多挑戰(zhàn)。這一演講詞重新肯定了杰佛遜與威爾遜的第一任就職演講辭所立下的原則。具有一脈相承的作用，同時(shí)又用他們的威信來(lái)為自己的演講服務(wù)使其的演講更具說(shuō)服力，因?yàn)槿绻癖姺裾J(rèn)了肯尼迪在此演講中所宣揚(yáng)的精神，那么也是對(duì)前面兩位總統(tǒng)的否定，也更是對(duì)美國(guó)所宣稱的自由、民主、平等、博愛等人權(quán)的否定—自我的否定。

從全文來(lái)看：本文短小簡(jiǎn)練，布局合理，邏輯性強(qiáng)，而且嚴(yán)密，語(yǔ)氣鏗鏘有力，擲地有聲如排山倒海之勢(shì)。

從文章結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看采用了由近到遠(yuǎn)，由此及彼；首先本文第一段對(duì)這次大選的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了過(guò)大的說(shuō)明即“我們今天慶祝的不是一次政黨的勝利，而是一次自由的慶典：它象征著結(jié)束，也象征著開始;意味著更新，也意味著變革等話來(lái)勾起聽眾的興趣，進(jìn)而能更好的闡述自己新的執(zhí)政理念，也好讓觀眾洗耳恭聽。

其次，將話題擴(kuò)大到當(dāng)今世界人權(quán)之現(xiàn)狀：雖然人權(quán)是人類與生俱來(lái)的—上帝所賜予，但任然處于爭(zhēng)議中，人們的人權(quán)任被剝奪。再到美國(guó)自身的人權(quán)現(xiàn)狀說(shuō)美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使每個(gè)美國(guó)人擁有了自由，而如今美國(guó)人任將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)貞不渝的擁有與維護(hù)即便付出任何代價(jià)，應(yīng)付任何艱辛，支持任何朋友，反對(duì)任何敵人，以確保自由的存在與實(shí)現(xiàn)。

再次從和則兩利，分則兩傷的角度來(lái)說(shuō)明自己與盟友的關(guān)系。只要團(tuán)結(jié)，則在許多合作事業(yè)中幾乎沒有什么事辦不到的。如果分裂，意見分歧，各行其是；那么我們便無(wú)可作為。

又接著從周邊的國(guó)家的角度來(lái)談美國(guó)要如何來(lái)確保他們擁有人權(quán)。即將美好諾言化作善行，在爭(zhēng)取進(jìn)步的心聯(lián)盟中援助自由和自由之政府來(lái)擺脫貧困的枷鎖。

最后又將話題線索轉(zhuǎn)到美國(guó)自身，用“不要問你們的國(guó)家能為你們做什么，而要問你們能為國(guó)家做什么”。呼吁同胞們?yōu)閲?guó)家做貢獻(xiàn)，為自由而爭(zhēng)取。

帶有濃厚的宗教色彩。如本文第二自然段“人權(quán)并非來(lái)自政府的慷慨施予，而是上帝所賜”。及最后一段中“祈求上帝的保佑與扶攜，但我們知道在這個(gè)世界上，上帝的任務(wù)肯定就是我們自己應(yīng)肩負(fù)的責(zé)任”。在演講中與上帝有關(guān)的話說(shuō)明了在美國(guó)人大都信仰基督教。而肯尼迪多次提到上帝就是要用上帝的名義來(lái)說(shuō)服民眾并讓之相信。

本文運(yùn)用了多種修辭手法。并列法“We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom” 矛盾法”Symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning;signifying renewal ,as well as change”排比法“We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe.”是演講更具有氣勢(shì)，如 排山倒海之勢(shì)向聽眾涌來(lái)，更具說(shuō)服力，感染力，更讓聽眾信服，洗耳恭聽。

第二篇：肯尼迪演講分析

Name:張莉

Number: A32009011009 Course:修辭學(xué) Teacher:葛老師 Date: 2012-5-5

An Analysis of the Inaugural Address of John F.Kenned

In 1961 when the cold war was reaching its peak and there was also the wide-spread movement of national liberation throughout the world, JFK became the 35th president of the United States, the youngest man---and the first Catholic---ever elected to the office.Cocksure and bellicose, this young president delivered his Inaugural Address with a flourish of rhetoric.Millions of his audience were reportedly moved by JFK's inaugural address, not by what JFK was saying, but by how he phrased it.His address is a very good example of the power of words.Kennedy’s speech is designed to convince and to persuade.To convince the American people and the world that the president and his team were capable of leadership;to persuade the allies to stand with the United States;to persuade the newly independent countries and other poor third world countries that the new administration would be friendly to them… All of these themes will be revealed from the following analysis:

(1)First, the speech’s words are chosen in a deliberate way.For instance, there are some adjective words concerning convinces and persuade in the speech: “steady, powerful” in paragraph 13;“fruitful” in paragraph 23;“solemn” in paragraph 1;“peaceful” in paragraph 9.Words are various from verbs to nouns: such as “l(fā)oyalty, power, commit”;“pledge” in paragraph5, 7, 10, 8…in order to show speaker's passion and draw audience's attention.It makes the speech appeal to emotion.The words “us, me, our” convey a kind of team spirit and makes the team’s inner differences smaller;make people feel more comfortable and thus it is easier to gain their support.(2)Second, syntactically, there are various types of sentences in this speech.Grammatically, there are 20 simple sentences like “the world is very different now” in paragraph2;compound sentences like “ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country” in paragraph 25;complex sentence like “since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been…national loyalty” in paragraph 21;compound-complex sentences like “for only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.” in paragraph 12.Functionally, apart from a lot of declarative sentences like “this much we pledge--and more” in paragraph 5, there are also 14 imperative sentences like “l(fā)et both…”in paragraph 15—18, they gave rise to resonance and increased speaker's tone.Short sentences are also used to make the meaning easy to understand.With the help of different types of sentences, the whole essay was displayed in an appropriate way.(3)Third, the speech is rich in figures of speech.Both phonetic and syntactic figures of speech are adopted.Phonetically, alliteration, consonance and pun are used, which makes the speech more rhythmic, appealing and witty.Alliteration often produces some aesthetic appeal and helps readers to remember.There are more than 27 cases of alliteration in the speech:” …we shall pay any price, ．．bear any burden…to assure the survival and the success of liberty” in paragraph 4;．．．．“…the same high standards of strength and sacrifice…．lead the ．land we ．love…” in ．．．．paragraph 27;“precise proposals” in paragraph 16 and so on.The use of alliteration ．．helps to catch audience’s attention and strengthen the expressive force.The typical example of consonance is in paragraph 4” well or ill”;” cultura．l and ．．spiritual” in paragraph 6...．Pun is reflected by the word “judge”.It is a homophone.It refers to a person in the speech, but actually, it implies the right action, which is accepted by lots of people in the world.Syntactically, the speech’s use of repetition and parallelism helps to make the language musical, emphatic, attractive and memorable.Repetition is the dominate figure in the speech.It runs through the whole speech, in paragraph 6, 7,8,10,11,17,18...“To those...”5 times;” let both...” 4 times.Through the repetition, Kennedy’s attitudes towards different countries are revealed.It is beneficial to convince and persuade those countries to stand with America.Besides, it strengthens the speech’s emotions and tone and also the artistic appeal of the language.There are more than 20 cases of parallelism in the speech: in paragraph1, 3, 4, 14, 22 and so on.Among which in paragraph15, 16, 17, 18 repetition and parallelism are used together to help audience catch his thought of speech, thus makes is easy to convey his ideas.“Let both sides explore...”and “Let both sides...”and “Let both sides seek...”and “Let both sides unite...” which makes the speech a powerful appeal.Anaphora is used in paragraph 14:”So let us begin anew… Let us never negotiate…Let us never fear …” it is a kind of repetition of the same word at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences or verses.Anaphora and Parallelism are often used jointly to gain more emphasis to convey strong emotions.The above sentence in paragraph 14 is also a case in point.Through the adoption of the two rhetorical devices, the strong emotions of appealing is revealed.In conclusion, the above paragraphs analyze the speech “Inaugural Address” both lexically and syntactically.Figures of speech are also analyzed in detail with examples.Furthermore, Kennedy's inaugural address is a great classic.It’s successful.

第三篇：肯尼迪演講

就職演說(shuō)

今天我們歡慶的不是一次政黨的勝利，而是一個(gè)自由的盛典；它象征著結(jié)束，也象征著開始；意味著改良，也意味著革新。因?yàn)槲乙言谀銈兒腿艿纳系勖媲?，宣讀了我們祖先在將近一又四分之三世紀(jì)以前所擬定的那同一份莊嚴(yán)的誓言?，F(xiàn)今世界已經(jīng)很不同了，因?yàn)槿嗽谧约貉庵|的手中握有足以消滅一切形式的人類貧窮和一切形式的人類生命的力量?？墒俏覀冏嫦葕^斗不息所維護(hù)的革命信念，在世界各地仍處于爭(zhēng)論之中。那信念確認(rèn)，人權(quán)并非來(lái)自政府的慷慨施予，而是上帝所賜。我們至今不敢忘記我們是那第一次革命的繼承者。讓我從此時(shí)此地告訴我們的朋友，也告訴我們的敵人，這革命的火炬已傳遞給新一代的美國(guó)人，他們出生在本世紀(jì)，經(jīng)歷過(guò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的鍛煉，受過(guò)嚴(yán)酷而艱苦的和平的熏陶，以我們的古代傳統(tǒng)自豪，而且不愿目睹或容許人權(quán)逐步被褫奪。對(duì)于這些人權(quán)我國(guó)一向堅(jiān)貞不移，當(dāng)前在國(guó)內(nèi)和全世界我們也是對(duì)之力加維護(hù)的。讓每一個(gè)國(guó)家——不管它希望我們好或希望我們壞——知道，我們將付出任何代價(jià)，忍受任何重負(fù)，應(yīng)付任何艱辛，支持任何朋友，反對(duì)任何敵人，以確保自由的存在與實(shí)現(xiàn)。這是我們矢志不移的事－－而且還不止此。

對(duì)于那些和我們擁有共同文化和精神起源的老盟邦，我們保證待之以摯友之誠(chéng)。在我們面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的共同事業(yè)中，只要團(tuán)結(jié)，我們將所向披靡；倘若分裂，則將一事無(wú)成——因?yàn)樵谝庖姺制纭⑺姆治辶训那闆r下，我們將怯于應(yīng)對(duì)強(qiáng)大的挑戰(zhàn)。對(duì)于那些我們歡迎其加入自由國(guó)家行列的新國(guó)家，我們要提出保證，在一種形式的殖民統(tǒng)治消失之后，絕不允許簡(jiǎn)單地代之以另一種遠(yuǎn)為冷酷的暴政。我們不應(yīng)總是期望他們支持我們的觀點(diǎn)，我們卻始終希望他們能強(qiáng)有力地維護(hù)他們自身的自由，讓我們牢記，過(guò)去那些愚蠢地追求權(quán)力的人們、那些騎在虎背上狐假虎威的人，最終卻被老虎所吞噬。

對(duì)于那些布滿半個(gè)地球，居住在茅舍和鄉(xiāng)村中，力求打破普遍貧困的桎梏的人們，我們保證盡最大努力助其自救，不管需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。這并非因?yàn)楣伯a(chǎn)黨人會(huì)那樣做，也不是由于我們要求他們的選票，而是由于那樣做是正確的。

自由社會(huì)若不能幫助眾多的窮人，也就不能保全那少數(shù)的富人。對(duì)于我國(guó)邊界以南的各姐妹共和國(guó)，我們提出一項(xiàng)特殊的保證：要把我們的美好諾言化作行動(dòng)：在謀求發(fā)展的新聯(lián)盟中，援助自由的人們和自由的政府來(lái)擺脫貧困的枷鎖。但這種為實(shí)現(xiàn)自身愿望而進(jìn)行的和平革命不應(yīng)成為敵對(duì)勢(shì)力的俎上魚肉。讓我們所有的鄰邦都知道，我們將與他們聯(lián)合起來(lái)，抵御對(duì)美洲任何地區(qū)的侵略或顛覆。讓所有其它勢(shì)力都知道，西半球的人民決定自己當(dāng)家作主。

對(duì)于各主權(quán)國(guó)家的世界性議會(huì)——聯(lián)合國(guó)，這個(gè)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)手段遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)和平手段的時(shí)代里我們最后的最美好的希望，我們?cè)钢厣晡覀兊闹С种Z言：不讓它變成僅供謾罵的講壇，強(qiáng)化其對(duì)于新國(guó)弱國(guó)的保護(hù)，擴(kuò)大其權(quán)力運(yùn)用的領(lǐng)域。

最后，對(duì)于那些與我們?yōu)閿车膰?guó)家，我們提供的不是保證，而是要求：雙方重新著手尋求和平，不要等到科學(xué)所釋出的毀滅性的黑暗力量在有意或無(wú)意中以人們自我毀滅的方式吞噬了全人類。

我們不敢以軟弱去誘惑他們。因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)我們的武力無(wú)可置疑地強(qiáng)大時(shí)，我們才能對(duì)其不被使用確信無(wú)疑。

然而這兩個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的國(guó)家集團(tuán)，誰(shuí)也不能對(duì)當(dāng)前的趨勢(shì)放心 －－雙方都因現(xiàn)代武器的高昂造價(jià)而不勝重負(fù)，雙方都因致命的原子力量穩(wěn)步發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生理所當(dāng)然的驚駭，可是雙方又都在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以圖改變那不穩(wěn)定的恐怖的均衡，而正是這種均衡暫時(shí)阻止了人類的末日之戰(zhàn)。因此，讓我們重新開始。雙方都應(yīng)記住，謙恭并不象征懦弱，而誠(chéng)意則終須驗(yàn)證。讓我們決不因畏懼而談判。但讓我們決不畏懼談判。

讓雙方探究那使我們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起的因素，而不是糾纏于那使我們分裂的問題。讓雙方第一次制訂有關(guān)檢查和管制武器的嚴(yán)肅而確切的計(jì)劃，并且把那足以毀滅其它國(guó)家的無(wú)限制的力量置于所有國(guó)家的絕對(duì)管制之下。

讓雙方都謀求激發(fā)科學(xué)的神奇力量而不是它的恐怖因素。讓我們一道去探索星球，治理沙漠，根除疾病，開發(fā)深海資源，鼓勵(lì)藝術(shù)和商務(wù)。讓雙方攜手在世界各個(gè)角落遵循以賽亞的命令，去“卸下沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)??讓被壓迫者得到自由?！?/p>

如果一個(gè)合作的灘頭堡壘能夠逼退猜疑的叢林，那么，讓雙方聯(lián)合作一次新的努力吧，不是追求新的權(quán)力均衡，而是建立一個(gè)新的法治世界——在那里，強(qiáng)者公正，弱者安全，和平在握。

凡此種種不會(huì)在最初的一百天中完成，不會(huì)在最初的一千天中完成，不會(huì)在本政府任期中完成，甚至也不能在我們活在這星球上的一生中完成。但讓我們開始。我的公民伙伴們，我們事業(yè)的最后成敗的關(guān)鍵，主要不是掌握在我手里，而是操在你們手中。自從這個(gè)國(guó)家締造之日起，每一代的美國(guó)人都曾應(yīng)召以驗(yàn)證其對(duì)國(guó)家的忠誠(chéng)。響應(yīng)此項(xiàng)召喚而服軍役的美國(guó)青年人的墳瑩遍布全球。

現(xiàn)在那召喚我們的號(hào)角又再度響起——不是號(hào)召我們拿起武器，盡管我們需要武器；不是號(hào)召我們?nèi)プ鲬?zhàn)，盡管我們已嚴(yán)陣以待；那是號(hào)召我們肩負(fù)起持久和戰(zhàn)線模糊的斗爭(zhēng)。年復(fù)一年地，在希望中歡欣，在憂患中忍耐，這是一場(chǎng)反抗人類共同的敵人——暴政、貧困、疾病以及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)本身——的斗爭(zhēng)。

我們能否結(jié)成一個(gè)遍及東西南北的全球性的偉大聯(lián)盟以對(duì)付這些敵人，以確保全人類享有更為富裕的生活?你們是否愿意參與這歷史性的努力? 在世界的漫長(zhǎng)歷史中，只有少數(shù)幾代人被賦予這種在自由遭遇最大危機(jī)時(shí)保衛(wèi)自由的使命。我決不在這使命之前退縮；我歡迎它。我不相信我們中間有任何人會(huì)愿意跟別人及別的時(shí)代交換位置。我們?cè)谶@個(gè)努力中所貢獻(xiàn)的精力、信念與犧牲，將點(diǎn)燃我們的國(guó)家以及所有為她服務(wù)的人，而這火焰放射的光輝必將照亮整個(gè)世界。

所以，我的美國(guó)同胞們，不要問你的國(guó)家能為你做些什么，而要問你能為國(guó)家做些什么。全世界的公民伙伴們，不要問美國(guó)能為你們做些什么，而要問我們?cè)谝黄鹉転槿祟惖淖杂勺鲂┦裁?。最后，不管你是美?guó)的公民或世界它國(guó)的公民，請(qǐng)將我們所要求于你們的有關(guān)力量與犧牲的同樣高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拿來(lái)要求我們。憑著正直的良心——我們唯一可靠的酬勞，憑著歷史——我們行為的最后裁判者，讓我們挺身而出領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們所摯愛的國(guó)家，祈求上帝的庇佑與扶攜；同時(shí)確信，上帝在這塵世的任務(wù)，必然就是我們自己所應(yīng)肩負(fù)的任務(wù)。

在柏林墻的演講

二千年以前，最自豪的夸耀是Civitas Romanus sum（拉丁語(yǔ)，意為：我是一個(gè)羅馬公民），今天，自由世界最自豪的夸耀是Ich bin ein Berliner（德語(yǔ)，意為：我是一個(gè)柏林人）。

世界上有許多人確實(shí)不懂，或者說(shuō)他們不明白什么是自由世界和共產(chǎn)主義世界的根本分歧。讓他們來(lái)柏林吧。有些人說(shuō)，共產(chǎn)主義是未來(lái)的潮流。讓他們來(lái)柏林吧。有些人說(shuō)，我們能在歐洲或其他地方與共產(chǎn)黨人合作。讓他們來(lái)柏林吧。甚至有那么幾個(gè)人說(shuō)，共產(chǎn)主義確是一種邪惡的制度，但它可以使我們?nèi)〉媒?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?！癓asst sie nach Berlin kommen.”（德語(yǔ)，意為：讓他們到柏林看看）

自由有許多困難，民主亦非完美，然而我們從未建造一堵墻把我們的人民關(guān)在里面，不準(zhǔn)他們離開我們。我愿意我的同胞們——他們與你們遠(yuǎn)隔千里住在大西洋彼岸——說(shuō)，他們?yōu)槟茉谶h(yuǎn)方與你們共有過(guò)去十八年的經(jīng)歷感到莫大的驕傲。我不知道還有哪一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)或都市被圍困十八年仍葆有西柏林的這種生機(jī)、力量、希望和決心。全世界都看到，柏林墻最生動(dòng)最明顯地表現(xiàn)出一種失敗。但我們對(duì)此并不感到稱心如意，因?yàn)榘亓謮仁菍?duì)歷史也是對(duì)人性的冒犯，它拆散家庭，造成妻離子散骨肉分離，把希冀統(tǒng)一的一個(gè)民族分成兩半。

這個(gè)城市的事實(shí)也用于整個(gè)德國(guó)——只要四個(gè)德國(guó)人中有一個(gè)被剝奪了自由人的基本權(quán)利，即自由選擇的權(quán)利，那么歐洲真正持久的和平便絕無(wú)可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。經(jīng)過(guò)保持和平與善意的十八年，這一代德國(guó)人終于贏得自由的權(quán)利，包括在持久和平中善所有的人民，實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭團(tuán)聚和民族統(tǒng)一的權(quán)利。你們住在受到保護(hù)的一座自由之島上，但你們的生活是大海的一部分。因此讓我在結(jié)束講話時(shí)請(qǐng)求你們抬起目光，超越今日的危險(xiǎn)看到明天的希望；超越這道墻看到正義的生平來(lái)臨的一天；超越你們自己和我們自己看到全人類。

自由是不可分割的，只要一人被奴役，所有的人都不自由。當(dāng)所有的人都自由了，那時(shí)我們便能期待這一天的到來(lái)：在和平與希望的光輝中這座城市獲得統(tǒng)一，這個(gè)國(guó)家獲得統(tǒng)一，歐洲大陸獲得統(tǒng)一。當(dāng)這一天最終來(lái)臨---它必將來(lái)臨---時(shí)，西柏林人民將能對(duì)這一點(diǎn)感到欣慰：幾乎二十年時(shí)間里他們站在第一線。

一切自由人，不論他們住在何方，皆是柏林市民，所以作為一個(gè)自由人，我為“Ich bin ein Berliner”這句話感到自豪。

第四篇：肯尼迪就職演講之修辭分析

一篇演講的成功，往往是多種因素的綜合，但語(yǔ)言文字方面的修辭運(yùn)用，則十分重要。縱觀美國(guó)各個(gè)時(shí)期的著名演講詞，都無(wú)一例外地運(yùn)用了各種修辭手段，下面對(duì)肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的《就職演說(shuō)》（Inaugural Address）中的修辭來(lái)作一下分析。

“We dare not tempt them with weakness.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will be never employed.”（翻譯：我們不敢已示弱去誘惑他們，因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)我們有無(wú)可置疑的充足的武力時(shí)，我們才能有無(wú)可置疑的把握永遠(yuǎn)不必使用這些武力。）用紅色字體標(biāo)出的“beyond doubt”采用了重復(fù)（repetition）的修辭方法，它的重復(fù)，有效地強(qiáng)化了語(yǔ)意，更富節(jié)奏感，使演講更有氣勢(shì)，同時(shí)加深了聽眾的印象。

“Now the trumpet summons us again — not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need: not as a call to battle, though embattled we are；but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle…”(翻譯：現(xiàn)在那號(hào)角又在召喚我們。不是號(hào)召我們扛起武器，雖然我們需要武器；不是號(hào)召我們?nèi)プ鲬?zhàn)，雖然我們是準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)戰(zhàn)，而是號(hào)召我們肩負(fù)起一場(chǎng)陰森慘淡的長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)的重任…)這段采用了排比parallelism的修辭，而且將排比與重復(fù)（repetition）融合使用，既強(qiáng)調(diào)了文章，又使句子顯得整齊而不雷同，勻稱而不呆板。講說(shuō)出來(lái)，既節(jié)奏鮮明、鏗鏘動(dòng)聽，同時(shí)又跌宕有致，富于變化。

“…and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.” 這一句運(yùn)用了比

喻中的隱喻（metaphor）, 用比喻來(lái)闡述道理，使聽眾于生動(dòng)的形象中得到啟發(fā)，受到感染，折服于演說(shuō)家。這一句既表明演說(shuō)家的態(tài)度，同時(shí)也是對(duì)本段上文的形象化總結(jié)，這遠(yuǎn)比講美國(guó)今后不會(huì)對(duì)加入自由國(guó)家行列的其他國(guó)家進(jìn)行奴役之類的承諾有說(shuō)服力得多。

上面就對(duì)肯尼迪演講詞作了簡(jiǎn)略的分析，演講除了內(nèi)容主旨重要的同時(shí)，如果注意語(yǔ)言文字的修辭，無(wú)疑對(duì)于提高演講的表達(dá)力與說(shuō)服力大有裨益。

后面附上演講的視頻和演講文本。

第五篇：肯尼迪就職演講

第一講：美國(guó)總統(tǒng)就職演講特質(zhì)

一國(guó)總統(tǒng)的識(shí)見、魄力、智慧與心智成熟

在就職演說(shuō)中,新任總統(tǒng)宣布自己的施政綱領(lǐng),表明自己的政見和立場(chǎng),激起聽眾的熱情,勸說(shuō)聽眾接受其政治主張并采取相應(yīng)的行動(dòng)。

Like other great communicators including Winston Churchill before him and Reagan since then and Barack Obama now---he was someone who took word-craft very seriously indeed.1、約翰-肯尼迪 就職演講如何開啟？ FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1961 Vice President Johnson, Mr.Speaker, Mr.Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens: we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom，symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning，signifying renewal, as well as change.For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.chief justice 審判長(zhǎng)，首席法官

Clergy/clergyman可以統(tǒng)指神職人員,其中clergyman在英國(guó)國(guó)教里又指牧師；Reverend是對(duì)教士的尊稱。

renewal 英 [r?'nju??l] 美 [r?'nu??l] n.更新；恢復(fù)；革新；復(fù)蘇；復(fù)活 We are all delighted at the renewal of negotiation.God Almighty/Almighty God全能上帝.forebear 祖先，祖宗

星期五,1961年1月20日

首席法官先生、艾森豪威爾總統(tǒng)、尼克松副總統(tǒng)、杜魯門總統(tǒng)、尊敬的牧師、各位公民：

今天我們慶祝的不是政黨的勝利，而是自由的勝利。這象征著一個(gè)結(jié)束，也象征著一個(gè)開端，表示了一種更新，也表示了一種變革。因?yàn)槲乙言谀銈兒腿艿纳系勖媲埃x了我們的先輩在170多年前擬定的莊嚴(yán)誓言。

2、手按《圣經(jīng)》宣誓就職

1961年1月20日,肯尼迪總統(tǒng)按照慣例,手按《圣經(jīng)》宣誓就職。誓詞出自美國(guó)憲法第一章第二條:

“I do solemnly swear(or affirm)that I will faithfully execute（執(zhí)行；實(shí)行；處決）the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”

僅從總統(tǒng)宣誓就職的誓詞本身,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)對(duì)于憲法的重視可見一斑。

3、世界為何不同了？

The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal（致命的；終有一死的）hands the power to abolish（廢除）all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue（在爭(zhēng)論、在爭(zhēng)論中）around the globe，the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity（慷慨，大方;寬容或慷慨的行為;豐富）of the state, but from the hand of God.現(xiàn)在的世界已大不相同了，人類的巨手掌握著既能消滅人間的各種貧困，又能毀滅人間的各種生活的力量。但我們的先輩為之奮斗的那些革命信念，在世界各地仍然有著爭(zhēng)論。這個(gè)信念就是：人的權(quán)利井非來(lái)自國(guó)家的慷慨，而是來(lái)自上帝恩賜。

“自由”、“人權(quán)”、“民主”這幾個(gè)字眼,美國(guó)人一向偏愛。美國(guó)人相信“天賦人權(quán)”,自由是人權(quán)的一種體現(xiàn)。在《獨(dú)立宣言》中就有這樣一段有關(guān)人權(quán)的論述: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by（被賦予）their Creator with certain unalienable（不可剝奪的）Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

4、薪火相傳

We dare not forget today that we are the heirs（繼承人;后嗣，嗣子）of that first revolution.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans，born in this century, tempered by（受過(guò)鍛煉）war, disciplined by（訓(xùn)練有素的）a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed（忠誠(chéng)的，堅(jiān)定的，把…托付給）, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.今天，我們不敢忘記我們是第一次革命的繼承者。讓我們的朋友和敵人同樣聽見我此時(shí)此地的講話：火炬已經(jīng)傳給新一代美國(guó)人。這一代人在本世紀(jì)誕生，在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受過(guò)鍛煉，在艱難困苦的和平時(shí)期受過(guò)陶冶，他們?yōu)槲覈?guó)悠久的傳統(tǒng)感到自豪——他們不愿目睹或聽任我國(guó)一向保證的、今天仍在國(guó)內(nèi)外作出保證的人權(quán)漸趨毀滅。

Imagery: “The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans”

意象：“火炬已經(jīng)傳給了新一代的美國(guó)人”

Imagery is vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses(sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste).以維護(hù)天下的人權(quán)為己任

肯尼迪在其就職演說(shuō)中指出，”a new generation of Americans, ……unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which the nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.“ 這里,肯尼迪的政治主張非常明確,在外交政策上延續(xù)了國(guó)際主義的走向――自詡為自由世界的維護(hù)者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的美國(guó)要以維護(hù)天下的人權(quán)為己任。

5、美國(guó)人一向的偏愛

Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival（幸存，生存;幸存者;遺物;遺風(fēng)）and the success of liberty.This much we pledge（保證;典當(dāng)，抵押），and more.讓每個(gè)國(guó)家都知道——不論它希望我們繁榮還是希望我們衰落——為確保自由的存在和自由的勝利，我們將付出任何代價(jià)，承受任何負(fù)擔(dān)，應(yīng)付任何艱難，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敵人。

這些就是我們的保證——而且還有更多的保證。肯尼迪在其就職演說(shuō)一開始提到的“revolutionary belief(革命信念)“即是《獨(dú)立宣言》中關(guān)于”天賦人權(quán)“的信念。

在肯尼迪就職演說(shuō)詞中,”自由(liberty, freedom,)“一詞就用了多達(dá)9次,而與”自由“息息相關(guān)的”人權(quán)(human rights)“也多次出現(xiàn)。

這里,肯尼迪表達(dá)的是美國(guó)人對(duì)于自由、人權(quán)的一貫追求。對(duì)自由、人權(quán)的重視是美國(guó)人的核心價(jià)值觀。

6、精神淵源的老盟友

To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（在爭(zhēng)吵下休、四分五裂時(shí)）

對(duì)那些和我們有著共同文化和精神淵源的老盟友，我們保證待以誠(chéng)實(shí)朋友那樣的忠誠(chéng)。我們?nèi)绻麍F(tuán)結(jié)一致，就能在許多合作事業(yè)中無(wú)在而下勝；我們?nèi)绻制鐚?duì)立，就會(huì)一事無(wú)成——因?yàn)槲覀儾桓以跔?zhēng)吵下休、四分五裂時(shí)迎接強(qiáng)大的挑戰(zhàn)。

第二講：一國(guó)與世界的關(guān)注

1、加入到自由行列中來(lái)的新國(guó)家

To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view.But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom--and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.對(duì)那些我們歡迎其加入到自由行列中來(lái)的新國(guó)家，我們格守我們的誓言：決不讓一種更為殘酷的暴政來(lái)取代一種消失的殖民統(tǒng)治。我們并不總是指望他們會(huì)支持我們的觀點(diǎn)。但我們始終希望看到他們堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地維護(hù)自己的自由——而且要記住，在歷史上，凡愚蠢地騎在虎背上謀求權(quán)力的人，都是以葬身虎口而告終。

2、身居茅舍和鄉(xiāng)村的人們

To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required--not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.對(duì)世界各地身居茅舍和鄉(xiāng)村，為擺脫普遍貪困而斗爭(zhēng)的人們，我們保證盡量大努力幫助他們自立，不管需要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間——之所以這樣做，并不是因?yàn)楣伯a(chǎn)黨可能正在這樣做，也不是因?yàn)槲覀冃枰麄兊倪x票，而是因?yàn)檫@樣做是正確的，自由社會(huì)如果不能幫助眾多的窮人，也就無(wú)法保全少數(shù)富人。

Combinations of contrasts and lists(by contrasting a third item with the first two): “Not because the communists are doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right” 對(duì)比與排比相結(jié)合（三句中的最后一句和前兩句意義相反）

3、做自己家園的主人

To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge--to convert our good words into good deeds--in a new alliance for progress--to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.對(duì)我國(guó)南面的姐妹共和國(guó)，我們提出一項(xiàng)特殊的保證——在爭(zhēng)取進(jìn)步的新同盟中，把我們善意的話變?yōu)樯埔獾男袆?dòng)，幫助自由的人們和自由的政府?dāng)[脫貧困的枷鎖。

But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas.And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.但是，這種充滿希望的和平革命決不可以成為敵對(duì)國(guó)家的犧牲品。我們要讓所有鄰國(guó)都知道，我們將和他們?cè)谝黄?，反?duì)在美洲任何地區(qū)進(jìn)行侵略和顛覆活動(dòng)。讓所有其他國(guó)家都知道，本半球的人仍然想做自己家園的主人。

4、最后、最美的希望——對(duì)聯(lián)合國(guó)的理解

To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support--to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective--to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak--and to enlarge the area in which its writ（[法] 令狀； 文書）may run.聯(lián)合國(guó)是主權(quán)國(guó)家的世界性議事機(jī)構(gòu)，是我們?cè)趹?zhàn)爭(zhēng)手段大大超過(guò)和平手段的時(shí)代里最后的、最美好的希望所在。因此，我們重申予以支持；防止它僅僅成為謾罵的場(chǎng)所；加強(qiáng)它對(duì)新生國(guó)家和弱小國(guó)家的保護(hù)；擴(kuò)大它的行使法令的管束范圍。

5、要求而不是保證

Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by（釋放）science engulf（吞沒;吞食;包住;狼吞虎咽）all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.最后，對(duì)那些想與我們作對(duì)的國(guó)家，我們提出一個(gè)要求而不是一項(xiàng)保證：在科學(xué)釋放出可怕的破壞力量，把全人類卷人到預(yù)謀的或意外的自我毀滅的深淵之前，讓我們雙方重新開始尋求和平。

肯尼迪也認(rèn)識(shí)到,要與以蘇聯(lián)為首的社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)對(duì)抗,就得盡可能地贏得更多的支持,盡可能地?cái)U(kuò)大美國(guó)的勢(shì)力范圍,不管是利誘還是威脅。這樣,肯尼迪在其就職演說(shuō)”power(力量)“一詞用了多達(dá)7次,”pledge(保證、承諾)“一詞也用了7次,”help(幫助)“一詞用了4次,在確保原有歐洲盟國(guó)的忠誠(chéng)中,和支持的前提下,利用”金元外交“,盡量拉攏亞洲、非洲和拉丁美洲國(guó)家,實(shí)踐其擴(kuò)張主義,諸如此類的細(xì)節(jié)的出現(xiàn),就是在情理之中了。另一方面,肯尼迪在就職演說(shuō)中也確實(shí)需要”pledge(保證、承諾)“很多東西,因?yàn)樗诳偨y(tǒng)大選中僅以微弱的優(yōu)勢(shì)獲勝,被很多國(guó)內(nèi)外人士認(rèn)為太年青,缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn),難以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)美國(guó)對(duì)抗強(qiáng)大的蘇聯(lián)。

6、兩個(gè)“毫無(wú)疑問”

We dare not tempt them with weakness.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.我們不敢以怯弱來(lái)引誘他們。因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)我們毫無(wú)疑問地?fù)碛凶銐虻能妭洌覀儾拍芎翢o(wú)疑問地確信永遠(yuǎn)下會(huì)使用這些軍備。

7、兩個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家集團(tuán)——受累！

But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from（從中得到安慰）our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady（穩(wěn)定的，不變的）spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter（改變;更改）that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.但是，這兩個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家集團(tuán)都無(wú)法從目前所走的道路中得到安慰——發(fā)展現(xiàn)代武器所需的費(fèi)用使雙方負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重，致命的原子武器的不斷擴(kuò)散理所當(dāng)然使雙方憂心忡忡，但是，雙方卻在爭(zhēng)著改變那制止人類發(fā)動(dòng)最后戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的不移定的恐怖均勢(shì)。

第三講：政治家的智慧——如何處理爭(zhēng)端？

1、雙方重新開始

So let us begin anew--remembering on both sides that civility（禮貌）is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.因此，讓我們雙方重新開始——雙方都要牢記。禮貌并不意味著怯弱，誠(chéng)意永遠(yuǎn)有侍于驗(yàn)證。讓我們決不要由于畏懼而談判。但我們決不能畏懼談判。

2、團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)

Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring（痛擊；痛斥；冗長(zhǎng)地解釋）those problems which divide us.讓雙方都來(lái)探討使我們團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)的問題，而不要操勞那些使我們分裂的問題。

3、認(rèn)真而又明確的提案

Let both sides, for the first time, formulate（構(gòu)想出，規(guī)劃;確切地闡述）serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms--and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.讓雙方首次為軍備檢查和軍備控制制訂認(rèn)真而又明確的提案，把毀滅他國(guó)的絕對(duì)力量置于所有國(guó)家的絕對(duì)控制之下。

4、尋求利用科學(xué)的奇跡

Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders（創(chuàng)造奇跡）of science instead of its terrors.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate（摧毀;完全根除）disease, tap（開發(fā)）the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.讓雙方尋求利用科學(xué)的奇跡，而不是乞靈于科學(xué)造成的恐怖。讓我們一起探索星球，征服沙漠，根除疾患，開發(fā)深梅，并鼓勵(lì)藝術(shù)和商業(yè)的發(fā)展。

5、各個(gè)角落傾聽以賽亞的訓(xùn)令

Let both sides unite to heed（聽從）in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah--to “undo the heavy burdens...and to let the oppressed go free.” 讓雙方團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，在全世界各個(gè)角落傾聽以賽亞的訓(xùn)令——“解下軛上的索，使被欺壓的得自由?！?/p>

當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)(包括肯尼迪總統(tǒng))在其就職儀式上手按《圣經(jīng)》宣讀誓言,然后才開始發(fā)表就職演說(shuō)?？夏岬显谄渚吐氀菡f(shuō)中多次提到God(上帝),還直接援引《圣經(jīng)》原文來(lái)闡述其施政方針和政治理想,如: “Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah to 'undo the heavy burdens…(and)let the oppressed go free'.” 在演說(shuō)詞的結(jié)束部分,肯尼迪也不忘借助上帝之名來(lái)進(jìn)行最后的呼吁?？夏岬显谄渚吐氀菡f(shuō)中或直接引用《圣經(jīng)》,把自己的政治主張托詞于上帝的意旨,或直接祈求上帝的保佑和賜福,或模仿使用《圣經(jīng)》風(fēng)格語(yǔ)言等等,有助于使其演說(shuō)更易得到篤信上帝的聽眾的同情、理解和支持,使演說(shuō)更具感染力和號(hào)召力?？梢哉f(shuō),肯尼迪就職演說(shuō)從開頭到結(jié)尾、從形式到內(nèi)容都充滿著鮮明的宗教色彩,利用宗教的力量和影響,來(lái)達(dá)到政治訴求的目的。這是一種獨(dú)特的文化現(xiàn)象,是美國(guó)社會(huì)歷史淵源的反映?！闭谭蛛x“的美國(guó)事實(shí)上是政教融合。

6、雙方共同作一次新的努力

And if a beachhead（灘頭）of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor（努力）, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.如果合作的灘頭陣地的逼退猜忌的叢林，那么就讓雙方共同作一次新的努力：不是建立一種新的均勢(shì)，而是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的法治世界，在這個(gè)世界中，強(qiáng)者公正，弱者安全，和平將得到維護(hù)。Three-part lists: “Where the strong are just, and the weak secure and the peace preserved” 三句式排比“強(qiáng)國(guó)秉持公正，弱國(guó)不受威脅，和平得以維系”

7、讓我們開始吧！

All this will not be finished in the first 100 days.Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.But let us begin.所有這一切下可能在第一個(gè)一百天內(nèi)完成，也不可能在第一個(gè)一千天或者在本屆政府任期內(nèi)完成，甚至也許不可能在我們居住在這個(gè)星球上的有生之年內(nèi)完成。但是，讓我們開始吧。

8、對(duì)國(guó)家的忠誠(chéng)

In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.公民們，我們方針的最終成敗與其說(shuō)掌握在我手中，不如說(shuō)掌握在你們手中。自從合眾國(guó)建立以來(lái)，每一代美國(guó)人都曾受到召喚去證明他們對(duì)國(guó)家的忠誠(chéng)。響應(yīng)召喚而獻(xiàn)身的美國(guó)青年的墳?zāi)贡榧叭颉?/p>

9、反對(duì)人類共同的敵人

Now the trumpet summons us again--not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need;not as a call to battle, though embattled we are--but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation”--a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.現(xiàn)在，號(hào)角已再次吹響——不是召喚我們拿起武器，雖然我們需要武器，不是召喚我們?nèi)プ鲬?zhàn)，雖然我們嚴(yán)陣以待。它召喚我們?yōu)橛永杳鞫缲?fù)起漫長(zhǎng)斗爭(zhēng)的重任，年復(fù)一年，“從希望中得到歡樂，在苦難中保持堅(jiān)韌”，去反對(duì)人類共同的敵人——專制、貧困、疾病和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)本身。

10、愿意參加這一歷史性的努力嗎？

Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?

為反對(duì)這些敵人，確保人類更為豐裕的生活，我們能夠組成一個(gè)包括東西南北各方的全球大聯(lián)盟嗎？你們?cè)敢鈪⒓舆@一歷史性的努力嗎？

賦予保衛(wèi)自由的責(zé)任

In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.I do not shank from this responsibility--I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it--and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.在漫長(zhǎng)的世界歷史中，只有少數(shù)幾代人在自由處于最危急的時(shí)刻被賦予保衛(wèi)自由的責(zé)任。我不會(huì)推卸這一責(zé)任，我歡迎這一責(zé)任。我不相信我們中間有人想同其他人或其他時(shí)代的人交換位置。我們?yōu)檫@一努力所奉獻(xiàn)的精力、信念和忠誠(chéng)，將照亮我們的國(guó)家和所有力國(guó)效勞的人，而這火焰發(fā)出的光芒定能照亮全世界。

最牛的格言

And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.因此，美國(guó)同胞們，不要問國(guó)家能力你們做些什么，而要問你們能為國(guó)家做些什么。

Contrast:

My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.全世界的公民們，不要間美國(guó)將為你們做些什么，而要問我們共同能為人類的自中做些什么。

讓我們走向前去！

Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.最后，不論你們是美國(guó)公民還是其他國(guó)家的公民，你們應(yīng)該要求我們現(xiàn)出我們同樣要求于你們地高度力量和犧牲。問心無(wú)愧是我們唯一可靠的獎(jiǎng)賞，歷史是我們行動(dòng)的最終裁判，讓我們走向前去，引導(dǎo)我們所珍愛的國(guó)家。我們祈求上帝的福佑和幫助，但我們知道，確切的說(shuō)，上帝在塵世的工作必定是我們自己的工作。

Alliteration: “Let us go forth to lead the land we love” 押前韻（譯者注：靠近的兩個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)單詞相同，比如例句中的“l(fā)and”和“l(fā)ove”，都是“l(fā)”打頭）

Impressive though the rhetoric and imagery may have been, what really made the speech memorable was that it was the first inaugural address by a US president to follow the first rule of speech-preparation: analyse your audience-or, to be more precise at a time when mass access to television was in its infancy, analyse your audiences.雖然這些修辭和意象給聽眾留下了很深的印象，這篇演講的最可貴之處還在它對(duì)聽眾的分析，這是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)在就職演講時(shí)第一次這么做。當(dāng)電視開始進(jìn)入千家萬(wàn)戶時(shí)，話題有針對(duì)性，作為演講準(zhǔn)備的第一要素，就變得尤為重要。

I have a dream today!I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of “interposition” and “nullification”--one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today!I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight;“and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.”? This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith, we will be able to transform the jarring discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.And this will be the day--this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning: My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,From every mountainside, let freedom ring!And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.But not only that.Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.From every mountainside, let freedom ring.And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last!Free at last!Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!