第一篇：英語(yǔ)說明文

這一類文章的性質(zhì)和目的是在解釋，提供知識(shí)，和表明觀念；“exposition”這個(gè)字的意思就是“explanation”(解釋)，既然如此，這類文章最大的要求是清晰；作者可以使用任何方法和技巧，以期能達(dá)到清晰明確的境地。

依一般分類，說明文有下列六種：

(1)定義法(Definition)

(2)例說法(Example)

(3)分類法(Classification)

(4)分析法(Analysis)

(5)類比法(Analogy)

(6)比較法或?qū)Ρ确?Comparison Or Contrast)

[注]說明文中亦可穿插以描寫文與敘述文的寫作方法。

說明文是寫作最常用到的體裁，其最常用的方法就是將事物加以解說。例如，說明事物的過程，說明事物的因果，說明事物的狀態(tài)等等。對(duì)人物來說，說明該人物的處境，說明該人物的想法，說明該人物的背景等等。如果要將描述文與說明文作一嚴(yán)格區(qū)分的話，那就是描述文重官能的觀察與感受，而說明文重頭腦的分析與理性的研判。對(duì)事物的體驗(yàn)是一同事，而對(duì)事物的徹底了解又是另一同事。體驗(yàn)是官能的，而了解卻是觀念上的問題。聞到花是香的，乃是官能上的，而花為什么是香的，卻是知識(shí)性的觀念上的問題。前者是描述文的范圍，后者則是說明文的范圍。

知識(shí)性的東西我們可從百科全書，字典辭源，各科手冊(cè)，以及語(yǔ)言的文法修辭等書籍來獲得。但這些僅是資料而已，要將資料變成一篇文章還需要文字的組織能力。我們可以這樣說，說明文是一種實(shí)用的寫作方法，將人類的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)化，這可以說是一種其功至偉的寫作方法。

說明文最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是例證法：將詳細(xì)資料表列，一一舉證，以說明什么是什么，怎樣發(fā)生，結(jié)果怎樣。另外兩種較復(fù)雜的說明文是分析法與定義法：其方法必用到歸類法與等級(jí)法。例如，要說明一件機(jī)器的操作，就必須把這件機(jī)器加以歸類，引述其功能目的。又如，要了解一條鯨魚，首先要將其歸為哺乳類，因?yàn)樗翘ド鷦?dòng)物而非卵生魚類。而后再進(jìn)而分析鯨魚中許多不同的類別。定義法以研究其事物的必然性為主，不涉及其他。

說明文中當(dāng)有比較法與對(duì)照法，必須用此類方法的原因，乃是有些抽象事物無法具體歸類，于是只好用類例來此較對(duì)照之；即以類例說出與其相關(guān)的概念，使讀者容易接受其概念。

<范文> Dreams

Men have always been interested in their dreams.In superstitious(2)ages and countries, dreams were regarded very seriously.Every dream was supposed to have a meaning, and it was the business of priests and astrologers(3)to interpret people's dreams for them.They were generally looked upon as predictions of the future warnings of coming dangers or sorrows, or prophecies of coming good fortune.Dreams were believed to be supernatural communications from the gods, or the spirits of the dead, and so were divine revelations.Educated people no longer look on dreams in this way.Some laugh at them as mere illusions, and not worthy of any serious consideration;but others find them interesting for psychological(4)study.For one thing, dreams prove that in the sleep we are not completely unconscious.Part of our brain is awake and working.We are unconscious of our immediate surroundings in sleep.We see nothing, we hear no-thing, and know nothing of what is going on around ns.Yet the fact that we dream proves we are not completely unconscious.It is often interesting to try to discover the cause of dreams.The causes of some dreams are purely physical.A heavy supper which causes indigestion, will give us nightmare, particularly horrible and terrifying kind of dream.Some one knocking at our door may make us dream we are on the battlefield and deafened with the thunder of guns.One man dreamt he was walking near the crater of a volcano and his feet were burnt with the hot rocks;but when he woke up, he found his feet were pressed upon his hot-water bottle!

Most dreams are really confused and disjointed memories of past events in our lives.We can often trace a dream back, and find it was suggested by something we saw or heard or read about only a day or two before.For example, a lawyer, who had been thinking over a case late at night, dreamt when he went to bed of nothing but lizards.When he came to his study in the morning, he found that, while he was thinking out his case, he had been staring unconsciously at his clock, the case of which was decorated with(5)the bronze image of a lizard.Dreams refer to the past, not the future.And they are not supernatural, but only the confused workings of our own imaginations.語(yǔ)匯說明

(1)Dreams(夢(mèng))：這篇說夢(mèng)的文章是從四個(gè)方面來加以述說：(A)夢(mèng)曾被認(rèn)為是預(yù)卜未來的超自然表現(xiàn)；(B)夢(mèng)證明我們睡著了的時(shí)候并非全然沒有知覺；(C)有些夢(mèng)是因生理上的原因而引起的；(D)大部份的夢(mèng)是過去事件的雜亂記憶。

(2)superstitious：迷信的(3)astrologers：占星家；星象家

(4)Psychological：心理上的；心理學(xué)上的(5)be decorated with：飾以…；裝飾著...

第二篇：英語(yǔ)說明文范文

說明文是對(duì)事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、功能等進(jìn)行解釋、介紹、闡述的一種文體。這類文章的目的和性質(zhì)是客觀地介紹、解釋事物，使讀者獲得知識(shí)和信息，并不需要發(fā)表主張、做出證明。一般說來，知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介，商品介紹，旅游指南，科技讀物，工作總結(jié)，實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告，教材輔導(dǎo)等均屬說明文之列。

寫說明文，可以按時(shí)間、空間、結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯順序來寫，也可以采取舉例、比較、對(duì)比、分類、分析、說明、敘述等方法。

1.比較對(duì)照

比較對(duì)照有兩種，一是逐點(diǎn)比較，二是整塊比較，即AB交錯(cuò)或先A后B：

1）逐點(diǎn)比較：多數(shù)人認(rèn)為這種AB交錯(cuò)的方式可以避免行文的單調(diào)沉悶，對(duì)比的效果更鮮明突出。如：

There are basic differences between large and small enterprises.In a small enterprise, you operated mainly through personal contacts.In a large enterprise, you have established “policies” , “channels” of organization, and fairly strict procedure.In the small enterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area.You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions ground.In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly.In the small one the danger is of becoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none.In the large it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.2)整塊比較

It is easy to be a winner.A winner can show his joy publicly.He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory.People love to be with winners.Winners are never lonely.Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world.It is difficult to face defeat with dignity.Losers can not show their disappointment publicly.They can not cry or grieve about their defeat.They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public.They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness.2.分類

分類是人類認(rèn)識(shí)客觀世界的重要手段之一，也是描寫事物、解釋觀點(diǎn)最有效的方式之一。通過將一事物分類，可使復(fù)雜事物變得清晰明了，便于作者闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。

分類段落的各類排列要條理，可采用從主要到次要，從次要到主要，從多到少或從少到多等方式排列，亦可平行排列。如：

1）As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories.First are the conservative people.Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes.Second are the liberal people.These people are in favor of progress and reform.But their opinions often seem to idealistic.The third type is the moderate people.The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits.They are more practical in this hard world.In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.本段采用平行排列的方式，按人的政治觀點(diǎn)分為三類：保守、自由和溫和。

2)These are several reasons why I decided tom attend Bingston University.First of all, the tuition is reasonable.Secondly, the university has a deferred payment plan., which lessons the load of peasant families like mine.Another reason is that Bingston has the finest teachers in its graduate program.My chief reason, however, is Bingston’s program in agriculture, my chosen field, which is recognized as the leader in this area.該段采用主次排列的方式，分析了作者決定上Bingston大學(xué)的原因。

3)According to Mr.Li, the fifteen students of his cLASS fall into three groups.Seven of them work hard and study well.They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by

the teachers.Li calls them “good students”.The monitor, the secretary of the Youth League, and the captain of the cLASS volleyball team, are quick in finding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should do as a collective.They always organize proper activities at the proper time.So Li calls them “good organizers”.Four other students are very kind to their cLASSmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand.They help to clean the cLASSroom and the corridor even when they are not on duty.Li says that they are “ good comrades”.“What about yourself?” someone asks him.“I’m a group by my self ——a good observer”.該段不同于以上兩段，不是先分類再解釋，而是先說明其特點(diǎn)，然后定義分類。雖分類并不科學(xué)，卻達(dá)到了其幽默之目的。

3.特征

例證指具體說明人或事物特點(diǎn)、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例證型段落的寫作方式多為先提出主題再列舉事例。在事例之前一般有For example或For instance。例證后面，根據(jù)情況還可以加上結(jié)論句。如：

In order to prevent non-smokers from being affected, measures must be taken to reduce the chances of smoking.A lot of work can be done concerning this.For example, in some public places, such as in the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden.Even on the train or plane people should not be allowed to smoke.Doctors, teachers and government leaders should take the lead not to smoke.Above all, the harmfulness and dangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers, broadcast, or TV programs.Also the growing of tobacco and the production of cigarettes should not be encouraged.If these measures can be taken, we can effectively reduce the chances of smoking.因果

因果是兩個(gè)事物之間的關(guān)系。一些說明文，議論文通過分析因果關(guān)系說明一個(gè)中心思想。如不能把因果關(guān)系解釋清楚，文章將無法說明任何主題。

因果型段落的擴(kuò)展模式有兩種，一是分類編法，另一個(gè)是連環(huán)編排法。如果只討論成因或只討論結(jié)果，細(xì)節(jié)比較簡(jiǎn)單，只需按其重要性或其邏輯順序進(jìn)行編排。分類編排法指先討論原因，然后討論結(jié)果；或先討論結(jié)果，后討論原因。

1）分類編排法：

Music is my chief hobby.When I listen to music, good things happen to me.If I am lonely or homesick, I listen to pop music.The quick rhythm, the strong beats of drums lift my sprits.If I am familiar with a song, I will sing alone with it and my depression disappears.When I am bored or very tired, I listen to Mozart.His music makes me feel alive.Music also reminds me of home.Before I came to college, my sisters and I would listen to music and sing songs together and cheer us.Now I enjoy listening to music and singing with my roommates because their smiles make me remember the happy times with my family.For me, music is an excellent escape, and without it, I wouldn’t be so happy。

2)連環(huán)編排法是先討論一組因果，再一組因果，再一組因果，形成一個(gè)鎖鏈。當(dāng)因果緊密相連，前一果為后一果之因時(shí)，經(jīng)常使用這種方式。

Students shouldn’t stay up so late.Because of the pressure of examinations, many students burn night candles.The next day, they have to get enough sleep.As a result, many of them get sleepy in ClASs.They couldn’t catch what the teacher says.Not having studied their lessons well, they find it difficult to make good performance in examinations.So, it is not worthwhile to stay up late if you want to study well.5.人物描寫

人物描寫包括外部特征、性格特征、思想狀態(tài)、行為語(yǔ)言等，用于表現(xiàn)人物精神面貌、披露人物內(nèi)心活動(dòng)、揭示人物性格變化，借以突出作品主題思想。如：

My sister is a boyish girl.She has short and straight hair like a boy’s.She likes white, black and grey colors, as most boys do.She never cares for shirts, stockings but loves jackets and jeans.Sometimes she wears a men’s suit and leather shores as if she were a gentleman.Basketball and football are her favorite sports.She also enjoys watching boxing.She always shouts and cheers excitedly when she is watching a football match.When she is with her friends, she always says Ladies first” to other girls.The most interesting thing is that she has been mistaken for a boy many times.And she is pleased with that.She always says that she should be a boy.第一句作者明確表示他眼中的妹妹是個(gè)男孩子氣十足的小姑娘。這樣讀者大都會(huì)在心中勾畫出一種從長(zhǎng)相、穿著到言談舉止都特男孩化的女孩。下文作者正是通過穿著、外貌和性格等方面向讀者展現(xiàn)一個(gè)活生生的人物形象。

6.地點(diǎn)描寫

地點(diǎn)描寫指用生動(dòng)形象的語(yǔ)言對(duì)某一地點(diǎn)、某一環(huán)境進(jìn)行具體逼真的描繪，使讀者如臨其境、如睹其物。地點(diǎn)描寫的對(duì)象可大可小，在可以為城市、國(guó)家，小可是一間教室，一個(gè)房間。地點(diǎn)描寫自然按空間順序排列，作者應(yīng)立足于一個(gè)出發(fā)點(diǎn)，由遠(yuǎn)及近，由近到遠(yuǎn)，從里到外，從外到里，由左到右，或由右到左進(jìn)行描寫，順序不可混亂，否則讀者會(huì)迷失方向。如下面一段作者從大門開始，由外向里逐步介紹學(xué)校的布置，讀者如同跟著作者參觀了一所校園。Now I will show you around our school.It is one of the largest middle schools in the city.When you step into the gate, you will see a beautiful flower bed before you.In the middle of the flower bed there is a fountain with many colored flowers around it.If you walk along the school road, you will come to the playground, on each side of which are rows of trees.We often read books under the trees.On the right of the playground are two ClASsroom buildings.On the left is the newly-built four-storyed building.I’m lucky to study here.I love my school very much.7.物體描寫

描寫物體時(shí)應(yīng)側(cè)重物的形狀、規(guī)格大小、顏色和功能。任何一段文字都應(yīng)有敘述的中心，對(duì)物的描寫也不例外。同樣，主題句也應(yīng)反映出作者對(duì)所要描寫物體的看法、態(tài)度。如： The first thing I notice in the bride’s room is the beautiful curtain.This curtain is patchwork in design, and is sewn out of squares of materials of different colors like white, light green, brown and orange.It is made of silk, trimmed with delicate braids.It is about six feet long and hangs from a wooden rail.The curtain matches perfectly with the dark wooden rail and furniture in the room.通過主題句可以看出作者想向讀者描寫的是一幅漂亮的窗簾。

第三篇：英語(yǔ)作文說明文

英語(yǔ)作文說明文

說明文類

寫作指導(dǎo)

說明文的出題形式為文字提示或圖表，文體有報(bào)道、投稿、書信等。寫作步驟如下：

第一步：審題，確定主題句、主體時(shí)態(tài)(一般以現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)為主)和中心人稱；

第二步：在主題句后按提示順序?qū)⒏饕c(diǎn)以完整的句子表達(dá)出來；

第三步：用過渡詞將上下文的邏輯關(guān)系體現(xiàn)出來。

常用詞有：

①表示時(shí)間：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later,before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then

②表示順序、動(dòng)作過程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next

③表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but, yet, and yet, however, although, otherwise, in spite of

④表示結(jié)果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately

⑤表示強(qiáng)調(diào)： above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most⑥表示并列： and, also, as well as, and then

⑦表示遞進(jìn)： besides, what's more, in addition, even, once more, what was worse

⑧表示解釋和說明： that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not,to tell you the truth,according this, for this reason

⑨表示比較、對(duì)比： just like, just as, in the same way, more or less, sooner or later, on the contrary, on the other hand

⑩表示總結(jié)： finally, in conclusion, in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end需要注意的是：使用上述過渡性詞必須根據(jù)上下文需要的原則，力求自然，決不可牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)，讓人感覺別扭。

精選范文

以“早起是好習(xí)慣”為題寫篇議論文。請(qǐng)圍繞以下幾點(diǎn)來寫：

①早起與健康；

②早起與學(xué)習(xí)；

③早起與一天的活動(dòng)。

(字?jǐn)?shù)80～120，要求自擬標(biāo)題)

Getting Up Early Is a Good Habit

Getting up early is a good habit.It is very important to our health, our study, our life and so on.First, getting up early helps to keep us strong.We can do morning exercises in the open air in the morning and breathe fresh air to build our bodies.Second, getting up early helps us to memorize what we have learned in class by reading aloud in the morning.Third, getting up early can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day.If we stick to getting up early every day, it will do us a lot of good.練習(xí)

①某國(guó)際性英語(yǔ)刊物有一個(gè)介紹各國(guó)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的專欄，請(qǐng)為該專欄寫一篇短文，簡(jiǎn)單介紹中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年(春節(jié))。請(qǐng)包括以下要點(diǎn)：

a．春節(jié)是中國(guó)人的重要節(jié)日；

b．春節(jié)在哪一天(農(nóng)歷：the lunar calendar)；

c．除夕一家人吃團(tuán)圓飯(have a…feast)；

d．守歲爆竹迎新年(爆竹 firecracker)；

e．大年初一親朋好友拜年(exchange…greetings)；

f．孩子們的壓歲錢(lucky money)；

g．獅子舞及其他節(jié)目(lion dances and others performances)，是節(jié)日不可少的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，要延續(xù)三天。(字?jǐn)?shù)80～120)

②年末將至，某英文報(bào)紙開辦“99回顧”專欄，就一年中的10件大事做總結(jié)性報(bào)道。報(bào)社請(qǐng)你對(duì)夏季的特大洪災(zāi)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)述(第一句已給出)。

性質(zhì)

a．本世紀(jì)最嚴(yán)重的一次；

b．損失嚴(yán)重(舉例：農(nóng)田、房屋、災(zāi)民)。

原因

a．連月降雨；

b．濫伐林木，水土流失；

c．圍湖造田，堵塞河道(waterway)。

防范措施

a．保護(hù)沿河植被；

b．改建堤壩；

c．退田還湖。

難點(diǎn)說明：

用詞達(dá)意：損失嚴(yán)重，圍湖造田，退田還湖。

時(shí)態(tài)變化：以一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為主，考慮到實(shí)際情況，還應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。

句子結(jié)構(gòu)：注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整、主語(yǔ)的選擇、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用和舉例部分的完整表達(dá)。

文章組織：分三段寫，注意每段主題句的選擇。

參考詞語(yǔ)

引起損失cause losses

無家可歸become homeless

圍湖造田turn lakes into fields

③根據(jù)以下提示寫一篇有關(guān)交通事故的報(bào)道。

(字?jǐn)?shù)：90～100)。

提示：

a．時(shí)間：昨天；

b．地點(diǎn)：市中心大街第二個(gè)拐角處；

c．原因：卡車司機(jī)開車前飲酒，開車時(shí)頭暈，車失控撞翻一小汽車；

d．傷亡人數(shù)：5人死亡，部分人受傷；

e．影響：市區(qū)交通中斷3小時(shí)；

f．經(jīng)濟(jì)損失：200萬(wàn)元；

g．市政府告誡司機(jī)要從事故中吸取教訓(xùn)。

參考詞語(yǔ)

頭暈dizzy

經(jīng)濟(jì)損失economic losses

市中心downtown

中斷交通to delay all traffic

飲酒過多to have too much wine

吸取教訓(xùn)to learn a lesson from…

④幾位外國(guó)旅游者到公園“英語(yǔ)角”參觀。假定你是“英語(yǔ)角”的負(fù)責(zé)人，請(qǐng)用一篇英語(yǔ)文章介紹，內(nèi)容提示如下：

a．簡(jiǎn)況：4年前成立，許多中學(xué)生參加，至今已有幾百人。許多大學(xué)生和外國(guó)友人也常光顧；

b．活動(dòng)時(shí)間：每星期日上午；

c．活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：練習(xí)英語(yǔ)會(huì)話、談?wù)撚信d趣的話題、交流學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)；

d．效果：通過參加活動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)了許多東西，對(duì)英語(yǔ)課是一個(gè)補(bǔ)充，學(xué)生、家長(zhǎng)、老師都非常歡迎，認(rèn)為對(duì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有幫助。如果還想了解得更多，可問在場(chǎng)的學(xué)生。

參考詞語(yǔ)

對(duì)……補(bǔ)充a supplement to…

聚集to gather around

交流to exchange

活動(dòng)activity

受歡迎to be popular with

⑤有些外國(guó)人想了解中國(guó)的教育制度。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇簡(jiǎn)介，以便刊登在某英文報(bào)上。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下： a．7歲上小學(xué)(primary school)，學(xué)6年。

b．然后直接上初中(junior middle school)，學(xué)完3年，就完成了9年義務(wù)(compulsory)教育。

c．通過(pass)考試后，部分初中畢業(yè)生(graduates)上高中(senior middle school)，讀 3年。部分學(xué)生進(jìn)職業(yè)(professional)學(xué)校，被培養(yǎng)成熟練(skilled)工人。

d．高中畢業(yè)后，考生通過全國(guó)性的考試就成為大學(xué)生。大學(xué)通常學(xué)4年，畢業(yè)后，可獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位(bachelor's degree)。制度：(system)。字?jǐn)?shù)為(80～120)

注意：

a．簡(jiǎn)介要有標(biāo)題；

b．簡(jiǎn)介應(yīng)包括所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，但不要逐條譯成英語(yǔ)。注意時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)；

⑥寫一篇題為“Give up Smoking”約120字的短文。

提要：

a．不少學(xué)生吸煙，而且人數(shù)還在增加；

b．據(jù)調(diào)查，某校2／5以上學(xué)生吸煙，有的學(xué)生還偷錢買煙；

c．學(xué)生吸煙危害比成人更大，它不僅有害于身體，而且有害于心靈；

d．中學(xué)生是國(guó)家未來的建設(shè)者，吸煙者應(yīng)下決心戒煙。

注意：

a．要有標(biāo)題；

b．不要逐條翻譯。

參考詞語(yǔ)

調(diào)查investigation

建設(shè)者builder

有害to be harmful to

⑦根據(jù)下列提示寫一篇名為“Development of Agriculture in China”的短文。

a．中國(guó)是一個(gè)擁有12億人口的大國(guó)；

b．在過去的20年間，中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化，尤其在農(nóng)業(yè)方面；

c．中國(guó)僅有世界7％的土地，卻成功地養(yǎng)活了世界 22％的人口；

d．其耕地的灌溉面積是世界上最大的。種植了世界 1／3的水稻。漁業(yè)也非常重要，淡水魚隨處可見； e．廢棄的蔬菜被用來養(yǎng)豬、養(yǎng)雞；人和動(dòng)物的糞便產(chǎn)生的氣體被用來供熱和做飯；

f．如果世界上其他地方也像中國(guó)一樣具有公平的土地所有權(quán)，就不會(huì)再有饑餓。(字?jǐn)?shù)：100左右)注意：

要有標(biāo)題。

參考詞語(yǔ)

養(yǎng)活人口feed…of the world's population

灌溉面積irrigated area

具有公平的土地所有權(quán)

have fair ownership of land

饑餓starvation

耕地farming land

廢棄的蔬萊vegetable waste

糞便waste

⑧某國(guó)教育代表團(tuán)前來你校參觀，順便問及“希望工程”，請(qǐng)你簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下。(字?jǐn)?shù)：100左右)

提示：

a．1989年10月“希望工程”在全國(guó)啟動(dòng)，目的是救助貧困地區(qū)兒童上學(xué)。

b．從政府官員、企業(yè)家到普通百姓都積極捐款。從1989年到1997年底的8年間，共籌款12.57億元；資助184.7萬(wàn)失學(xué)兒童；興建5256所希望小學(xué)；對(duì)數(shù)百名希望小學(xué)的教師進(jìn)行了培訓(xùn)。

c．希望工程還將繼續(xù)改善貧困地區(qū)的辦學(xué)條件，促進(jìn)中國(guó)教育的發(fā)展。

難點(diǎn)說明：

用詞達(dá)意：“積極捐款、希望小學(xué)、辦學(xué)條件”，數(shù)字的表達(dá)。

時(shí)態(tài)變化：所選的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式不同，時(shí)態(tài)也不同。

句子結(jié)構(gòu)：注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的使用。

文章組織：分兩段即可，第一段寫提示a的內(nèi)容，第二段寫提示b和c的內(nèi)容。

參考詞語(yǔ)

目的是to aim to do

積極干……to be active in…

幫助……回到校園to help…back to school

促進(jìn)to promote

⑨請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示，以“為什么學(xué)英語(yǔ)”為題，寫一篇英語(yǔ)說明文。

提示：

a．英語(yǔ)是國(guó)際性語(yǔ)言，世界上有許多國(guó)家把它當(dāng)做官方語(yǔ)言。

b．學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要性。如它是國(guó)際會(huì)議的工作語(yǔ)言；許多書籍為英語(yǔ)版；懂得英語(yǔ)可加強(qiáng)對(duì)世界的了解。c．希望大家重視英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。

參考詞語(yǔ)

a．官方語(yǔ)言official language

b．與……交流to communicate with…

⑩請(qǐng)你以“水污染”(Water Pollution)為題寫一篇說明文。必須寫明：

a．水的重要性；

b．隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，水源受到污染，以至不能飲用；

c．采取措施，保護(hù)環(huán)境。

參考詞語(yǔ)

水源water source

環(huán)境environement

采取措施 to take up measures

(11)請(qǐng)你以“遵守交通規(guī)則”為題寫一篇說明文。現(xiàn)在交通事故很多，以至于都怕過大馬路，汽車、摩托車開得太快，總是有人闖紅燈。為了安全，遵守交通規(guī)則很重要。(字?jǐn)?shù)：80左右)

參考詞語(yǔ)

走人行道to use the crosswalk

闖紅燈to speed past the red light

注意：

題目已給出ObeyingtheTrafficLaws

(12)以“The Value of Time”為題目寫一篇短文。該短文有四個(gè)小段。第一段是引言，提出時(shí)間比金錢更寶貴，我們必須珍惜時(shí)間這個(gè)論題。第二段是擴(kuò)展段，說明時(shí)間是有限的，作為學(xué)生更應(yīng)該充分利用時(shí)間，將來為國(guó)家服務(wù)。第三段也是擴(kuò)展段，指出有些人還沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到時(shí)間的價(jià)值。第四段是結(jié)論段，指出我們必須有一個(gè)節(jié)約時(shí)間的好習(xí)慣。

參考詞語(yǔ)

寶貴的precious

珍惜value(v．)

充分利用to make full use of

養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣to form a habit of

(13)下星期一的一堂英語(yǔ)課，分組討論關(guān)于考試問題，請(qǐng)你寫一篇英語(yǔ)發(fā)言稿，內(nèi)容大致如下：

有人說不錯(cuò)，考試會(huì)幫助我們及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)功課，考試之后又能使我們了解學(xué)得如何。但是你認(rèn)為目前考試太多，又很難考及格，使我們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)失去了興趣，也沒有時(shí)間參加體育活動(dòng)，我們的健康受到了損害。是到了改進(jìn)考試的時(shí)候了。(字?jǐn)?shù)：80～120)

參考詞語(yǔ)

復(fù)習(xí)to go over

考試to have examinations

考及格to get through

參加to go in for

該干……了It's time to do sth.(14)寫一張化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的規(guī)則。

要點(diǎn)：

四要：

保持衛(wèi)生和整潔；

按老師要求做；

做后器皿放回原處；

出實(shí)驗(yàn)室前先要洗手，關(guān)燈、關(guān)門。

三不要：

沒有老師帶領(lǐng)勿入內(nèi)；

未經(jīng)允許勿動(dòng)一切；

實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)勿喧嘩。

1999．7．2

(15)請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇有關(guān)計(jì)算機(jī)的短文。提示如下：

a．計(jì)算機(jī)是一種精細(xì)微妙的機(jī)器。它有多種類型，大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)都有儲(chǔ)存器，信息可以儲(chǔ)存，需用時(shí)，隨時(shí)取出；

b．計(jì)算機(jī)經(jīng)過幾百年的變化，體積越來越小，價(jià)格越來越低，操作越來越容易，工作速度越來越快； c．計(jì)算機(jī)可以應(yīng)用在許多方面，它們確實(shí)已成為一種最流行的使用工具。(字?jǐn)?shù)：130左右)

參考詞語(yǔ)

儲(chǔ)存to store in

取出to take out

(16)一日，你校外籍教師問你：“軍訓(xùn)”是什么意思，為什么中學(xué)生在三年的高中學(xué)習(xí)中參加一至二星期“軍訓(xùn)”，請(qǐng)按提示回答。

a．中學(xué)生在軍營(yíng)生活一兩個(gè)星期，不僅僅是為了學(xué)習(xí)一些軍事術(shù)語(yǔ)和技術(shù)。

b．軍訓(xùn)對(duì)學(xué)生特別是對(duì)獨(dú)生子女訓(xùn)練性格有利。在軍營(yíng)，當(dāng)他們被當(dāng)做真正的軍人對(duì)待時(shí)，他們會(huì)成熟起來。

c．在學(xué)校，他們學(xué)習(xí)了一些關(guān)于無私、勇敢和守紀(jì)律的好品質(zhì)的教育，但從書本上學(xué)到的東西沒有從親身體驗(yàn)中學(xué)到的對(duì)品質(zhì)影響深刻。通過軍訓(xùn)，他們更加認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。(字?jǐn)?shù)：100左右)

參考詞語(yǔ)

軍訓(xùn)military training

兵營(yíng)camp

成熟的mature

獨(dú)生子女家庭one-child family

寵壞spoil

寵壞的孩子a spoiled child

軍事術(shù)語(yǔ)military terms

(17)寫一篇說明“乘火車旅行比乘飛機(jī)好”的文章。題目自己擬定。

提示：

a．坐火車更實(shí)惠；

b．更好觀光；

c．坐火車旅行更安全。

參考詞語(yǔ)

買得起to afford

觀光to get a view

第四篇：英語(yǔ)說明文寫作句式

寫作的基本句式(上)

1．表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this．

2）The reasons for this are as follows．

3）The reason for this is obvious．

4）The reason for this is not far to seek．

5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．

注：如寫第一個(gè)句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個(gè)句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。

2．表示好處

1）It has the following advantages．

2）It does us a lot of good．

3）It benefits us quite a lot．

4）It is beneficial to us．

5）It is of great benefit to us．

例如： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．

3．表示壞處

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．

2）It does us much harm．

3）It is harmful to us．

例如： However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．

4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能

1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth．

2）We think it necessary to do sth．

3）It plays an important role in our life．

例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．

5．表示措施

1）We should take some effective measures．

2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．

3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．

4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．

6．表示變化

1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．

3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．

例如： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．

雅思寫作的基本句式(下)

7．表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀

1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．

2）No one can deny the fact that．．．

3）There is no denying the fact that．．．

4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．

5）However，that’s not the case．

例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．

8．表示比較

1）Compared with A，B．．．

2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．

3）There is a striking contrast between them．

例如： Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．

9．表示數(shù)量

1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．

2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000．

3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．

例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．

再如：

From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．

10．表示看法

1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．

2）People have different opinions on this problem．

3）People take different views of（on）the question．

4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．

例如： People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．

Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．

再如：

Do “l(fā)ucky numbersreally bring good luck？Different people have different views on it．

注：一個(gè)段落有時(shí)很適宜以問句開始，考生應(yīng)掌握這一寫作方法。

11．表示結(jié)論

1）In short，it can be said that ．．．

2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．

3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved．

注：例句1可用于任何一個(gè)段落的結(jié)論句；例句3則多用文章結(jié)論段的第一句。

12．套語(yǔ)

1）It’s well known to us that ．．．

2）As is known to us，．．．

3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．

4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．

5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．

例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．

The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．

再如： Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．

第五篇：英語(yǔ)說明文作文題模版

作文題模版(提綱式模塊)

說明原因型模塊（1）

Nowadays, there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(6).On the other hand,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX.注釋：

（1）用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明XX現(xiàn)象

（2）原因一

（3）原因二

（4）原因三

（5）指出主要原因

（6）解決建議一

（7）解決建議二

范文：Generation gap between parents and children

Nowadays, there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes, thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to talk about, they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is(with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to(lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing(children should respect their parents).On the other hand,(parents also should show solicitude for their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.說明原因型模塊（2）

In recent years, xx has caused a heated debate on(1)The factors for(2)First of all,(3)Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected to remind people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).范文：The impact of Television

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents的are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.)First of all,(with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.說明原因型模塊（3）

Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that.If you, as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that.You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know.It will exert a profound influence upon.With reference to my standpoint, I think.注釋：

1：XX的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)

2：支持XX的做法

3：不支持XX的做法

4：XX的第二個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)

5：舉例證明優(yōu)點(diǎn)二

6：說明XX優(yōu)點(diǎn)三的影響

范文：The importance of self-confidence

Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).說明原因型模塊（4）

For most of us today.From above, we can find that the reasons why are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is...Second, the third reason, actually, is...The significance for...Therefore,...注釋：

（1）人們針對(duì)XX的態(tài)度和舉措

（2）歸納現(xiàn)狀

（3）第一個(gè)原因

（4）第二個(gè)原因

（5）第三個(gè)原因

（6）重申造成現(xiàn)狀的最重要原因

（7）我的建議

范文：Environmental pollution

Most of us today(recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem.Lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air.Many fish die of poisonous water.Thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas.Therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases

that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)From above, we can find that the reasons why(environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is(the reason of harmful substances into environment.for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests.However, they pollute air, water and land).Second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly).The third reason actually is(the result of a growing population in the world.Everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment).The significance for(controlling pollution)noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken.Therefore,(new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories.moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste.Let's make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us).說明原因型模塊（5）

These days we often hear that(1).It is common that(2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(3).For another,(4).What is more, since(5), it is natural that(6).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as(7).to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.（1）提出論題

（2）說明現(xiàn)狀

（3）理由一

（4）理由二

（5）理由三

（6）理由三引起的后果

（7）解決方法

范文：Pollution of environment

These days we often hear that(our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment).It is common that(many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.)

Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.)For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology).What is more, since(the industrial revolution), it is natural that(a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthy.We should do something such as(planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources)to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)寫作試題模板—提綱式作文

1、對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式

A．有人認(rèn)為X 是好事，贊成X，為什么？

B．有人認(rèn)為X 是壞事，反對(duì)X，為什么？

C．我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個(gè)原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個(gè)原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反對(duì)X 的第一個(gè)理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一個(gè)例子。

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個(gè)壞處。

2、批駁觀點(diǎn)式

A．一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。

B．我不同意。

Many people argue that 錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。By saying that, they mean 對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個(gè)例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響）。

There might be some element of truth in these people's belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。

3、社會(huì)問題（現(xiàn)象）式

A．一個(gè)社會(huì)問題或者現(xiàn)象

B．產(chǎn)生的原因

C．對(duì)社會(huì)和我們生活的影響

D．如何杜絕（如果是問題的話）

E．前景的預(yù)測(cè)。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。（或者是一個(gè)例子）

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文的寫法。X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)寫作試題模板---— 辯論式議論文作文是根據(jù)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)寫作特點(diǎn)，歸納總結(jié)的一個(gè)能適應(yīng)新題型的四六級(jí)作文模版，具體內(nèi)容如下：

模版1

Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, More importantly,Most important of all,論據(jù)3.In summary,或 From above, we can predict that預(yù)測(cè).模版2

People hold different views aboutX.Some people are of the opinion that1, while others point out that

For one thing,For another,.Last but not the least,To conclude,總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to表決心.或 From above, we can predict that預(yù)測(cè).模版3

There is no consensus of opinions among people about.Some people are of the view that 點(diǎn)1, while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that觀點(diǎn)2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all,1.Furthermore,Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is,A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that.As a college student, I am supposed to.或 From above, we can predict that預(yù)測(cè).原因分析式

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years.At the point of reaches its peak value of.What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are...()reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all,..Most important of all,.原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括號(hào)里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢(shì)).