第一篇：09年6月六級(jí)答案（范文模版）
新東方A卷完整版
快速閱讀：
B A D A B C D
Unsafe situations
Their anxietyand control
Movements
Section A 短對(duì)話
11.D)Fred may have borrowed a sleeping bag from someone else.12.B)It will cool down over the weekend.13.C)Hosting a TV program.14.D)The plants should be put in a shady spot.15.C)Go to bed early.16.B)She has learned to appreciate modern sculptures.17.A)They seem satisfied with what they have done
18.A)The man shouldn't hesitate to take the course
長(zhǎng)對(duì)話
19.B Domestic issues of general social concern.20.D Based on public expectations and editor's judgement.21.B Practical experience.22.A There average life span was less than 50 years.23.C Learn to use new technology.24.D when all people become wealthier.25.C Control the environment.Section B 短文理解
26.B To alert teenagers to the dangers of reckless driving.27.A Road accidents.28.C It has accomplished its objective.29.B Customers may be misled by the smells.30.C Supportive
31.A The flower scent stimulated people's desire to buy.32 C a passenger train collided with a goods train
D the cause of the tragic accident remains unknown34 A there was a bomb scare
35D drive with special care
Section C 復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)
36.tongue
37.official
38.administration
39.commerce
40.spread
41.disadvantageed
42.competence
43.investigate
44.You also examine the immense variability of English and come to underst and
how it's used as a symbol of individual identity and social connection。
45.Why do some non-native speakers of English claim that it's a difficult language to learn while infants born into English speaking communities acquire their language before they learn to use forks and knives?
46.You are encouraged to develop your own individual responses to various practical and theoretical issues
閱讀填空：
TVand fashion magazines
Developing eating disorders
Impossibly proportionedyears
Make money
仔細(xì)閱讀：
B)efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out.53 D)The turtle's population has decreased in spite of human protection
B)Unregulated commercial fishing
A)It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.56 C)call for effective measures to ensure sea turtle's survival.57 C)College education is rewarding in spite of the starting costs.58 D)The gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed
A）save more on tuition.60 D）consider college education a consumer product
B）A satisfying experience with their budgets
完形填空：
C massive
B endeavors
D bound
A facilitated
C exclusive
B connects
C individuals
A and
C origins
B stood for
A exchange
D whose
C attracted
B which
A joined
D then
D As
C messages
B civilian
A into
翻譯：
82.him out of buying a car
83.Keeping a sense of humor helps
84.he had no choice but to confess his criminal behavior
85.there must be someone who is speaking ill of them
86.it hard to resist the temptation of ice cream
恩波教育版翻譯
82.him out of buying a car
83.Keeping a sense of humor helps
84.he had no choice but to confess the crime he had committed
85.there must be someone who is speaking ill of them
86.it hard to resist the temptation of ice cream
昂立版
82.him into stopping buying a car.83.Keeping a sense of humor helps to
84.he had to confess his crime.85.someone must be talking about them behind their back.86.it hard/difficult to resist the temptation of ice-cream.2009年6月CET6翻譯評(píng)析
孫煥奐
整體而言，本次考試的翻譯難度中等，與往年基本持平，主要側(cè)重對(duì)詞組的考察，對(duì)考生的語(yǔ)言基本功有較高的要求。大部分考點(diǎn)都是 四六級(jí) 的核心詞匯和高頻詞組，所以只要考前充分復(fù)習(xí)，相信大部分考生都可以在考場(chǎng)上做到游刃有余。
82.With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk ______________（說(shuō)服他不買(mǎi)車(chē)）.解析：做四六級(jí)翻譯題的實(shí)質(zhì)是補(bǔ)全句子，所以已給英文題干和中文部分都要仔細(xì)分析。說(shuō)服某人，考生第一反應(yīng)是persuade sb.into doing sth.,但是題干已給動(dòng)詞talk，所以考察點(diǎn)是talk sb.into doing sth.，考生如果對(duì)這個(gè)詞組不熟悉，可以大膽套用persuade這個(gè)詞組的格式。
參考答案：him into stopping buying a car.83.________________（保持幽默感有助于）reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society.解析：考點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)，“幽默感”和“有助于”。某方面的“感”，如正義感，責(zé)任感，在 英語(yǔ)(論壇)中都用“sense”來(lái)表達(dá)，即sense of justice, sense of responsibility?！坝兄凇笨捎脙煞N表達(dá)方式，be helpful to do sth., 或者h(yuǎn)elp to do sth.另外注意動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，要轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)名詞形式，即keep表達(dá)為keeping。
參考答案：Keeping a sense of humor helps to
84.When confronted with the evidence, _______________（他不得不坦白自己的罪行）.解析：本題考察一個(gè)完整的主句，考點(diǎn)在于“坦白”和“罪行”兩個(gè)單詞的表達(dá)。參考答案：he had to confess his crime.85.When people say, “I can feel my ears burning”, it means they think___________________（一定有人在說(shuō)他們的壞話）.解析：本題考察“說(shuō)某人壞話”，六級(jí)高頻詞組，有兩種表達(dá)方式，speak evil of sb.或者talk sb.behind one’s back.后者在我的課堂上曾經(jīng)以周星馳電影中的經(jīng)典翻譯摘舉中給大家講過(guò)，很多同學(xué)考后致電，感到很開(kāi)心。另外，推斷某人一定在做某事，考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“must be doing sth.”。
參考答案：someone must be talking about them behind their back.86.She has decided to go on a diet, but finds ___________________（很難抵制冰淇淋的誘惑）.解析：本題考察詞組“發(fā)現(xiàn)某事很難（find it hard/difficult to do sth.）”,以及高頻詞“抵制（resist）”和“誘惑（temptation）”
參考答案：it hard/difficult to resist the temptation of ice-cream.寫(xiě)作范文：
According to the Bible, it is the almighty God who gave names to everything he created: “he named the light ‘Day' and the darkness ‘Night'”.In fact, a name is a word or phrase that man uses to denote and identify a specific person, place or thing.There is no inexorable correlation between the sign and “the signified”.For this reason, some claim that names are not so vital as they are supposed to be.However, I am fully convinced that they are of great importance.Take the name of a person as an example.It is known to all that a person's name is divided into two parts: given name and surname.The given name is the name our parents assign us.We ourselves might change it later in our life.Usually, when a name is given, it contains a lot of information.Say, “l(fā)i” in the name of some Chinese females shows that we wish them to “beautiful” while “wei” in the names of some males reveals that we expect them to be “great” in their future life.As to the surname or family name, it is even more important, so important that some people may sacrifice their life for it.Originally, man had no such a name.But ever since a certain name was given, each member of the family carries it wherever he goes.Rather than merely a sign, it is the root from which we can trace back to our ancestor, the tie that helps bind us to other members of the same clan, the dignity most people hope to live for.Apart from the name of a person, that of a place or thing is also significant in that it embodies history and culture.All in all, though names are assigned artificially, man is not free when giving names.But God is.恩波版范文
On the Importance of a Name
有人認(rèn)為名字（名稱）不重要；
有人認(rèn)為非常重要；
你認(rèn)為呢？
On the Importance of a Name
A name is the representation of a person or an entity.It plays an important role in social recognition, just as the old saying goes: a thing is the entity of a name.However, people have diverse opinions on the importance of a name.Some people say that name is important, while the others maintain the other way round.But I think name is of great importance because it is the symbol that distinguishes one thing or person from the others.We cannot deny the importance of a name, be it for a person or a thing.In the world today, no one can live without identification because they must get social recognition, and name is the symbol of the identification.Once a person or a thing gets social recognition, people will remember their names, and they will get further improvement.Besides, a good name will bring people some nice association.A person with a special name may be easily accepted by a group or a community because of the deep impression the name leaves.As for companies or products, a name is also vitally important.Years ago, a computer company spent millions of dollars for the name “Acer”.Since then, the company caught the attention of potential customers and became one of giants in the field.However, another company was facing bankruptcy, for the name of its product implies unfavorable meaning thus cannot be sold out.Can we say that name is not important?
A name may affect the whole life of a person, and a name may also influence the future of a company and its products.Therefore, we must treat names carefully.
第二篇：第15周班級(jí)模擬考六級(jí)答案
六級(jí)第一次班級(jí)模擬考
My View on On-campus College Students’ Marriage
It is a new thing that Chinese on-campus college students are legally allowed to get married before they complete their courses.Many people applaud this new development while others have expressed their negative concern about this.Those who take sides against this new trend believe that college students will inevitably have less time and energy for their academic life because married students have more real-life problems to deal with than those unmarried ones.One common argument, however, for【與上文的against是相對(duì)的】 on-campus college students’ marriage is that a number of students do have a desire for an ideal marriage.Now that they have come to a suitable age, they are entitled to such happiness.Of the two views discussed above, I’m in favor of the former.My reason is that on-campus students are laden with academic tasks.If one gets married now, he or she has to work much harder than any other student because they have to solve their financial problems at the same time.As a married couple【復(fù)數(shù)，指代的是兩個(gè)人】, for instance, they are supposed to rent a room in or outside the university, which will naturally add to their spending.【注意：on-campus中間有連接號(hào)，變成形容詞詞組，”on-campus students”指在校的學(xué)生。而“在校園”則去掉連接號(hào)：on campus；校園生活：campus life
Marry是及物動(dòng)詞，marry sb.”與某人結(jié)婚”，后面需有名詞。表示結(jié)婚的動(dòng)詞詞組可用get married，而非以marry單獨(dú)使用】
Part IIFast Reading
1.B2.B3.A4.D
5.B6.C7.A
8.higher-order passion【注意：前面加了root這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的話，就不能得分】
9.your favorite activities【the activities you are already enjoying也對(duì)】
10.team up【這里需要的是動(dòng)詞詞組。party那些都只是例子，不是關(guān)鍵詞】
【這道題需要大家看清楚題目的指示，填的是，也就是說(shuō)，有時(shí)只需要你采納關(guān)鍵的信息點(diǎn)并稍作總結(jié)，并非把原文原句生搬硬套進(jìn)來(lái)，要看清楚填入答案后句子是否正確、通順】
Part IIIListening Comprehension
Section A(11-18)BCDDDABC(19-25)ADACCDB
Section B(26-35)CABBCBCAAB
Section C
36.guidelines37.developing38.wealthy39.sharply
40.cases41.minerals42.purchased43.prepared
44.The WHO says this situation raises concerns about the quality of treatments and the lack of
professional supervision.45.the WHO supports the use of traditional medicines when they have been shown to help and to have
few risks.46.governments can also use the guidelines to create media campaigns about the issues.Part IVReading Comprehension
Section A
47.graduating less students
48.globalization of economy
六級(jí)第一次班級(jí)模擬考
49.information technology
50.the ability of innovation
51.some existing problems
Section B
52-56 ADDDC57-61 BAADC
Part VCloze
62-71BBAABACABB72-81CADBBDABBA Part VITranslation
82.they hold a positive attitude to everything in life instead.83.Only by focusing his attention on work
84.The more you care about the impression you make on others
85.the global financial crisis has affected the people’s life to varying degrees.86.should have taken off ten minutes ago
第三篇：六級(jí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)答案
六級(jí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)答案
Part IReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
Passage 1
1-7 B A D A B C D
8.unsafe situations9.anxiety10.every movement
Passage 2
1-7 D C D A A B C
8.home life9.productive10.increase her own productivity Passage 3
1-7 C A D B A D C
8.people’s view of women9.political sentiment/support for Obana10.stereotypes Passage 4
1-7D A C D D B A
8.take risks9.have families10.military service
Part IIReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
Passage 1
1.From TV and fashion magazines
3.impossibly proportioned
5.make money
Passage 2
6.the driver’s attention
8.more time
10.punishment7.equivalent in difficulty to driving 9.more complicated tasks2.developing eating disorders 4.three years
Passage 3
11.a higher grade / a grade above 94
13.improving / making progress
15.discuss his concerns
Passage 4
16.feminine and weak
18.stress-related disorders
20.aggressive
Section B
1-5B D B A C
21-25 A C D A C
Part IIICloze
Passage 1
62-66C B D A D
Passage 2
62-66C D A C A
Passage 3
12.select the method of grading 14.effort and accomplishment17.lose composure 19.their relationships with partners and children 6-10 C D A D B26-30 C A B A D11-15 C A C B A31-35 A A D A D16-20 C D D B A 36-40 B B C D C67-71 B C A C B67-71 B B D A C72-76 A D C B A72-76 D B D A C77-81 D D C B A77-81 B D A C B
62-66D B C A D
Passage 4
62-66A C B A C
Part IVVocabulary
1-5A C B A C
21-25 C B A B C
41-45 C A B C D
61-65 B B A C D
81-85 A D D C D
101-105 D B C A C
121-125 B D D C A67-71 B C B B C67-71 C B B B D72-76 B C A C D72-76 C A A C D77-81 D D A B D 77-81 C D A D C6-10 D D C D B26-30 D B B A C46-50 D B B D C66-70 C A B A D86-90 C B C D B106-110 C D B A D126-130 D B C A B11-15 D A C D A31-35 A B C D B51-55 D A C B D71-75 A B D C D91-95 A D B A B111-115 A D B B C16-20 A D A C C36-40 B D C A D56-60 D A B A C76-80 A A C D A96-100 A C A D C116-120 B D D C A
Part VTranslation
1.him out of buying a car
2.Keeping a sense of humor helps(to)
3.he had no choice but to confess the crime he had committed
4.someone must be speaking ill of them / there must be someone speaking ill of them
5.it hard/difficult to resist the temptation of ice cream
6.It depends on how often you wear it.7.a challenge to many traditional concepts
8.could have attended / could have been able to attend the meeting in person/by himself
9.balanced diet is essential/vital to health
10.to my regret / regretted as I felt
11.Their only son has never thought
12.weigh your decision against its possible consequences / weigh the consequences of your
decision
13.would he break/breach his promise/commitment to pay back the money
14.should not be addicted to computer games / should not indulge themselves in computer games
15.never considered working as a salesman
16.can never be too careful / can not be too careful
17.did I realize that reading can not be neglected / did I realize that reading is not neglectable
18.to the researchers’ surprise
19.I must have left it somewhere
20.would rather join you as a volunteer
21.made a perfect combination of beauty and function / combined beauty and function perfectly
22.know which way to take by the light of nature/instinctively/by instinct
23.(should)deprive children of their freedom
24.a lower death rate than relatively inactive people
25.why you would be/are the best candidate for a certain position
26.who devote/dedicate all their life/their whole life to poetry
27.or/otherwise she would have replied last week
28.have finished the chemical experiments
29.have the old couple quarreled with each other
30.The future prosperity of a country largely depends on
Part VIWriting
1.(06年6月)On the Importance of a Name
Sometimes people ponder for months just to think of a good name for their children or for their businesses.Does a nice name really promise a glorious future? People’s opinions differ greatly over this issue.Some believe a name is no more than a sigh.It serves its purpose perfectly as long as it is used conveniently by others.However, others argue that a name has a magic power as to alter people’s impression on and attitude towards the named.One compelling argument involves the renaming of some Chinese Laozhihao(old domestic brands).Facing the would-be increasingly bleak business situation last year, six Chinese old brands decided to give themselves new English names.Compared with their old English names, the new ones have given prominence to the history of the brands, while giving English speakers an idea of what they are or what they sell.Therefore, with a new international appearance, the traditional brands have made themselves more popular with customers both at home and abroad.As far as I’m concerned, to a certain degree, a name does create a vivid image in people’s mind, resulting either in fondness or dislike.Thus, one should always be serious at choosing names.2.（09年12月）Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes
Nowadays, many parents send their children to various art classes, where the kids are expected to learn how to paint, dance, sing or play musical instruments.Some people firmly support these parents.Since the competition among the kids for places in famous primary schools and middle schools is fierce, they see an artistic talent of the kids as an extra advantage in the competition.Furthermore, they claim, even if the kids do not do well in art, the art learning experience may prove useful for their future life.However, others seriously doubt this.They complain that, for those kids who do well in art, art classes have taken up so much of their leisure time that many are leading a very stressful childhood.For those who have no interest in such classes, they are just a waste of time.In my opinion, parents should encourage their kids to take art classes but at the same time have an open mind about this issue.If the kid is keen on art, art classes are sure to be the first choice.But if the kid hates it, he should not be forced to take them.3.（10年6月）Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese
Nowadays, while an increasing number of people are busy learning foreign languages, the attention to the study of our mother tongue is on the decline.Should such a trend continue, it would definitely lead to an undesirable result in the long run.The reasons for our ignorance of the study of Chinese are obvious.Firstly, globalization plays a major role in the prevalence of the nowadays internationally used language---English, distracting us from studying our own language.Among college students, the influence of western lifestyle is especially strong---the young are either not interested or even have no time to care for our own culture, let alone the language.Secondly, our schools are not attaching any importance to the education of Chinese.The lesson hours of Chinese are far fewer than those of English, and English has now even crowded into the teaching syllabus of primary schools, occupying the time
that pupils should otherwise spend studying Chinese.In order to change the situation, efforts from governments and schools alike should be made.More Chinese lessons are essential, and even more importantly, students’ awareness of the study of our own language should be raised.After all, the promotion of our language is the key to the prosperity of our nation’s culture.4.（10年12月）My View on University Ranking
In recent years, university ranking becomes very popular, especially among high school students.They use such ranking as the first criterion to choose their future academic institutes.However, people’s opinions vary on this issue.Some believe university ranking is essential in indicating the quality of a university, while others dismiss it as misleading.As far as I’m concerned, university ranking could offer some hints while it is by no means the only standard to judge the quality of a university.On the one hand, university ranking helps create a competitive atmosphere in higher education, encouraging the institutions to improve their teaching and research.On the other hand, the ranking criterion itself might be flawed.There is hardly a single and universal standard to weigh colleges of different specialties.In a word, though university ranking may help to indicate the gap between universities, thus encouraging the less competent ones to catch up, more scientific criteria to rank them are yet to be adopted.5.（08年12月）How to Improve Students’ Mental Health
Have you ever heard college students moan in depression? Do you know anyone with learning pressures? The sad fact is, mental health is becoming an increasingly troublesome issue for undergraduates.But solving the problem calls for collaborative efforts between universities and students themselves.On the part of universities, courses of mental health should be added to the curriculum.Besides, the counseling center staff and faculty alike are expected to expand and improve mental health services on campus.On the students’ part, they should try to face the reality and figure out the causes of depression so that they can better understand it.They should also learn how to identify unhealthy behavior or thoughts and make changes accordingly.Besides, students should communicate more with friends, teachers and parents, find better ways to cope with and solve problems, and set realistic goals for their life.To conclude, universities should pay more attention to students’ mental health, and put more effort into developing mental health counseling system on campus, whereas students should try to stay positive and optimistic, and find ways to solve their own problems.6.Say No to Drunk Driving
As is known to all, drunk driving is very dangerous.It puts to risks not only the driver’s life but also of other innocent people.Dangerous as it is, there have been more and more people who drive after drinking in recent years.One reason for this is that people have been getting wealthier these years.More and more people own cars, and they like to drive to get-togethers and other occasions where they might drink alcohol.Another reason is that many people are overconfident with their driving skills.They
believe that they can avoid accidents even if they are drunken.As a result, thousands of people fall victim to drunk driving each year.In my opinion, we should say no to drunk driving immediately.There have already been too many traffic accidents that are related to drunk driving, so strict laws and regulations are called for to ban it in order to create a safer road condition for all citizens.7.On Private Tutoring
Nowadays, it’s very common for parents to hire private tutors for their children.Some people believe that private tutoring is helpful for a child to make rapid progress in his study, while others hold opposite views.As far as I am concerned, private tutoring is not advisable for most people.First, private tutoring is not necessary.If a student listen carefully to his teachers in classes, finish his homework on time, and study hard, he can perform well in his study without any private tutoring.Second, private tutoring may put a child under great stress.Once, a child told me that he hated private tutoring because it takes so much of his time that he can not play with his friends very often.In return he just won’t listen to his private tutor.In one word, private tutoring is not a heal-all, so I think parents should think twice before they rush to hire a private tutor for their kids.8.How to Cultivate Team Spirit?
Team spirit is a must for the growth of everyone.Without teamwork, no individual or group(a company, an institute or even a country)can achieve anything.However, nowadays many people lack team spirit.Some of them are just too individualistic to be cooperative with others.Then how can we cultivate team spirit?
First, I think all people should be taught to learn the importance of team spirit.Those talented people who lack team spirit may be willing to cooperate once they realize the limitation of their personal abilities and learn the importance of working as a team.Furthermore, all people should be encouraged to take active part with everyone cooperating to achieve a common purpose.“Unite we stand, divided we fall.” We should keep this in mind and make great efforts to cultivate team spirit.2010級(jí)第三學(xué)期六級(jí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)錯(cuò)誤說(shuō)明
1.詞匯題第33題
選項(xiàng)B 改為：critical選項(xiàng)C 改為：credible選項(xiàng)D 改為：contrary
2.詞匯題第35題
選項(xiàng)B改為：deteriorate選項(xiàng)C 改為：descend
3.翻譯第6題，問(wèn)號(hào)移前。
How ling does a jacket like this last me? _________________.(這要看你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穿一次)
第四篇：最新版六級(jí)資料翻譯答案50篇
Topic 1 文化概述
在中國(guó)五千年的文明史上，中國(guó)人有無(wú)數(shù)的發(fā)明和創(chuàng)造，如漢字、中醫(yī)、絲綢、瓷器(porcelain)、指南針、造紙術(shù)、印刷術(shù)和火藥(gunpowder)。這些獨(dú)特的發(fā)明和創(chuàng)造是中國(guó)人對(duì)世界文明的偉大貢獻(xiàn)，證明中華民族是一個(gè)富于原創(chuàng)性的民族。與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)人又有一種開(kāi)放的胸懷，歡迎遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)的朋友，并以極高的熱情吸收和包容外來(lái)的文化。大唐盛世和明代鄭和七下西洋都表明，中華文明具有開(kāi)放性和包容性。Over a history of 5 000 years, Chinese people have produced numerous inventions.These unique inventions, including Chinese characters, traditional Chinese medicine, silk, porcelain, compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder, are significant contributions Chinese made to the global civilization, proving that the Chinese nation is full of creativity.In the meanwhile, the Chinese people have always kept an open mind toward foreign friends and absorbed foreign cultures with great enthusiasm.Both the prosperity of Tang Dynasty and Zheng He’s seven long voyages to the West Seas in Ming Dynasty demonstrate the openness and inclusiveness of Chinese culture.Topic 2 四大發(fā)明
說(shuō)到中國(guó)古代的科技文明，就不能不說(shuō)四大發(fā)明（the Four Great Inventions）。人們普遍認(rèn)為，指南針、火藥(gunpowder)、造紙術(shù)和印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明對(duì)中國(guó)古代的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大的推動(dòng)作用；并且，這些發(fā)明經(jīng)由各種途徑傳至西方，也影響著世界的文明進(jìn)程。從歷史發(fā)展的角度來(lái)看，中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明是為人類(lèi)社會(huì)生活帶來(lái)革命性變化的科學(xué)發(fā)明，這是中國(guó)人對(duì)世界文明的偉大貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)的四大發(fā)明在人類(lèi)科學(xué)文化史上留下了燦爛的一頁(yè)，推動(dòng)了人類(lèi)歷史的前進(jìn)。
When it comes to science and technology in ancient China, the Four Great Inventions, including compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing, should always be discussed.It is commonly believed that the Four Great Inventions have promoted the development of politics, economy and culture of ancient China dramatically;moreover, these inventions have a great impact on the civilization of the world since they have been introduced into the Western world in various ways.From the perspective of historical development, the Four Great Inventions of ancient China are scientific inventions that bring revolutionary changes to the social life of human beings, which are great contributions Chinese made to the civilization of the world.The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are brilliant in the history of human science and culture and promote the progress of human history.Topic 3 長(zhǎng)
城
說(shuō)到中國(guó)文化，不得不提到長(zhǎng)城。從公元前 7世紀(jì)到公元 16世紀(jì)，在大約2 200 年的時(shí)間里，先后有19個(gè)朝代修建過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，所修的長(zhǎng)城累計(jì)有10萬(wàn)千米以上。主要的長(zhǎng)城修建工程是在秦代、漢代和明代?，F(xiàn)今存有遺跡的主要是明長(zhǎng)城，從東邊人?？诘纳胶ｊP(guān)(Shanhai Pass)開(kāi)始，一直到沙漠深處的嘉峪關(guān)(Jiayu Pass)，全長(zhǎng)6 700 千米。長(zhǎng)城是世界歷史上最偉大的工程，其建造時(shí)間之長(zhǎng)、參與人數(shù)之多、工程難度之大，在世界上無(wú)出其右。
When it comes to Chinese culture, the Great Wall is the one that will be definitely referred to.From the 7th century BC to the 16th century, through about 2 200 years, the Great Wall was built in 19 dynasties and reached a length of more than 100 000 kilometers.Major construction was carried out in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties.The Great Wall we visit nowadays is mainly the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty, stretching 6 700 kilometers from Shanhai Pass on the eastern seashore to Jiayu Pass in the depth of desert.The Great Wall is the greatest project in the history of the world for its unparalleled span of construction, number of labors and difficulty.Topic 4 移民現(xiàn)象
現(xiàn)在，很多人選擇在國(guó)外生活，這引起了人們極大的關(guān)注。越來(lái)越多的人，特別是大量知識(shí)分子(intellectual)，移民到美國(guó)、英國(guó)和加拿大等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。并且，很多在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)和工作的人都在為“綠卡”而奮斗。造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因有很多，其中，追求高質(zhì)量的生活是關(guān)鍵。再者，這些人中大多數(shù)人移居國(guó)外是想讓孩子在那兒接受良好的教育。此外，一些人只是想體驗(yàn)他們所喜歡的異域文化。以上這些就是造成他們決定移居他國(guó)的原因。
Nowadays many people choose to live in a foreign country, which has aroused great concern.More and more people, especially plenty of intellectuals, migrate to some developed countries, such as America, Britain and Canada.In addition, there are still many people studying and working in foreign countries struggling for green cards.There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon.Among all these factors, pursuing high-quality life plays a critical role.Moreover, most of them migrate to some foreign countries with a view to making their children Receive good education there.Besides, some people just want to experience the foreign culture they like.All these above factors contribute to their choice to migrate to another country.Topic 5 中國(guó)漢字
近年來(lái)，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)的國(guó)際影響力提升了，世界上學(xué)漢字的人也多了起來(lái)。這套獨(dú)特的符號(hào)系統(tǒng)積淀了豐富的歷史文化內(nèi)容，西方人在學(xué)漢字的過(guò)程中甚至能體會(huì)到這個(gè)東方民族的微妙心靈。如今在中國(guó)，漢字也越來(lái)越受到人們的重視。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一文字符號(hào)包含著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵和審美意蘊(yùn)，在科技飛速發(fā)展的今天，反而越來(lái)越顯示出它的光彩。古老的文字在現(xiàn)代的文化生活中煥發(fā)出新的魅力。
With its rapid economic development in recent years, China’s international influence has greatly increased, so the number of Chinese character learners across the world has been on the rise.This unique symbol system accumulates the rich historical and cultural content in it.When Western people learn Chinese characters, they may even understand the delicate thoughts of this oriental nation.Nowadays, great importance is attached to Chinese characters in China.It is found that the glamour of these character symbols with rich cultural and aesthetic connotation is greatly shown especially in the current society with rapid scientific development.These ancient characters are revitalized in modern civilization.Topic 6 鄭和下西洋
公元 1405 年 7月11日，地球藍(lán)色的海洋上出現(xiàn)了一支龐大的船隊(duì)，前后有208 艘船，這是有史以來(lái)最大的一支船隊(duì)，船上所載的各類(lèi)人員有27 500多人，也是有史以來(lái)最多的航海人員。船隊(duì)由一位叫鄭和的人統(tǒng)帥。船隊(duì)帶著中國(guó)這個(gè)古老國(guó)家的瓷器、絲綢、茶葉等數(shù)不盡的珍奇，穿越南海、馬六甲海峽(the Strait of Malacca)，橫跨印度洋，到達(dá)亞洲、非洲的很多國(guó)家。在此后的28 年間，鄭和一共六次下西洋，隨船人員共計(jì)10萬(wàn)多人，訪問(wèn)了30多個(gè)國(guó)家。
On July 11, 1405, a huge fleet consisting of 208 ships appeared on the blue sea of the earth.It was the greatest fleet with more than 27 500 crews that the world had ever seen.The Commander of this fleet was Zheng He.Carrying porcelain, silk, tea and other numerous Treasures from China, a country with a long history, the fleet passed through the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca, traversed the Indian Ocean and arrived at many countries in Asia and Africa.Over the next 28 years, Zheng He led six more fleets with crew members adding up to more than 100 000 people, and visited more than 30 countries.Topic 7中國(guó)藝術(shù)
中國(guó)人創(chuàng)造了很多獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)形式，如純凈的瓷器，千古傳誦的唐詩(shī)(Tang poetry)，以演員表演為中心的京劇等。這些藝術(shù)形式呈現(xiàn)了中國(guó)人的心靈世界，顯現(xiàn)了中國(guó)人獨(dú)特的美感，成為展示中國(guó)人生命力和創(chuàng)造力的窗口，具有永恒的魅力。中國(guó)人將藝術(shù)當(dāng)作提升生活品質(zhì)、慰藉(soothe)心靈的媒介，藝術(shù)是中國(guó)人人生哲學(xué)的延伸。中國(guó)的藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)是一部記載著中國(guó)人生活品位和美感世界的活的圖畫(huà)，反映出中國(guó)人的優(yōu)雅心態(tài)。The Chinese have created many unique forms of art, such as pure porcelain, enduring Tang poetry and actor-centered Peking Opera, etc.These art forms with eternal charm reveal the inner world of the Chinese people, demonstrate their unique sense of aesthetics and become the windows that show the vitality and creativity of Chinese people.The Chinese regard art as a way to enhance the quality of life and to soothe the mind.Art is an extension of the Chinese philosophy of life.Chinese art tradition is a vivid picture of Chinese people’s lifestyle and aesthetics, reflecting Chinese elegance.Topic 8 中國(guó)園林
中國(guó)人建造園林有兩干多年的歷史，主要有皇家園林(imperial garden)、寺院園林和私家園林?，F(xiàn)存的皇家園林，如北京頤和園，都是舉世聞名的園林。中國(guó)的佛教和道教寺院也多建有園林，如杭州靈隱寺。在這中間，私家園林獨(dú)具風(fēng)味。今天，在江南(South“the Yangtze River)和長(zhǎng)江沿岸的蘇州、揚(yáng)州等地所見(jiàn)的私家園林，多是明清兩代留下的，它們?nèi)缤环剿?huà)(the landscape painting)，展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的魅力。中國(guó)園林藝術(shù)有豐富獨(dú)特的創(chuàng)造，是理解中華民族美感特點(diǎn)的一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域.Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2 000 years ago, mainly including three styles of garden: the imperial garden, the temple garden and the private garden.The extant imperial gardens today, such as the Summer Palace in Beijing, are world-famous gardens.Many gardens were also built in China’s Buddhist and Taoist temples, such as the Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou.While among the Chinese gardens, the private gardens have a unique ambience.Scattered in South of the Yangtze River and Suzhou, Yangzhou and other places along the Yangtze River, the private gardens are mostly legacies from Ming and Qing Dynasties.They resemble the landscape paintings with distinctive charm.Rich and unique creativity could be found in Chinese gardens, which is an important field to understand Chinese aesthetics.Topic 9 中國(guó)詩(shī)歌
中國(guó)是詩(shī)的國(guó)度。尤其到了唐代，中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌進(jìn)人了全盛時(shí)期(heyday)。唐代近三百年間，涌現(xiàn)出了大批優(yōu)秀詩(shī)人和杰出的詩(shī)歌作品。唐代詩(shī)歌數(shù)量極大，題材廣泛，意象(image)和風(fēng)格多樣化，出現(xiàn)了大量思想性和藝術(shù)性完美結(jié)合的作品。唐詩(shī)是中國(guó)人的千古絕唱。唐代的偉大詩(shī)人不勝枚舉，其中李白、杜甫、王維因其詩(shī)歌所蘊(yùn)含的中國(guó)文化的意味和情趣而最具代表性。
China is a country of poetry.Especially in Tang Dynasty, Chinese classical poetry reached its Heyday.During the nearly three-hundred-year reign of Tang Dynasty, large numbers of excellent poets and outstanding poems mushroomed.Poetry of Tang Dynasty featured large quantities, wide themes and diversified images and styles, and many masterpieces with perfect combination of great thoughts and artistry emerged.Poetry of Tang Dynasty is Chinese eternal legacies.Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei are the representatives of great poets of Tang Dynasty due to the unique meaning and temperament of Chinese culture in their poems.Topic 10 茶館文化
中國(guó)很多地區(qū)依然保留著傳統(tǒng)的茶館文化，尤其是在四川省的省會(huì)成都，茶館遍布城市的各個(gè)角落：路邊、橋下、公園里，甚至寺院和其他歷史景點(diǎn)。泡茶館（relaxing in teahouse）是當(dāng)?shù)厥忻褡钕矚g的消遣方式之一。工作日的下午三點(diǎn)鐘，茶館里往往人滿為患。當(dāng)?shù)厝俗诠派畔愕闹褚卫?，所用的茶具本身可能也是古董。服?wù)人員托著一大堆茶具急匆匆地跑來(lái)跑去，將長(zhǎng)嘴壺（long-spout kettle）里倒出來(lái)的水注滿茶杯，為顧客沖泡最優(yōu)質(zhì)的茶葉。
Traditional teahouse culture still exists in many parts of China, especially in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.Teahouses are everywhere: on the sides of roads, under bridges, in the parks and even inside temples and other historical sites.Relaxing in teahouse is one of the favorite pastimes of the locals in Chengdu.A teahouse full to the brim-at three o’clock on a workday afternoon-is nothing out of the ordinary.Locals sit on quaint bamboo chairs and drink from traditional tea sets that could well be antiques in their own right.Teahouse waiters scurry around with trays of tea sets, and top up tea cups with hot water poured from long-spout kettles to brew up the high-quality tea for tea drinkers.Topic 11 京劇角色
“生、旦、凈、丑”是京劇中的角色分類(lèi)?！吧笔悄行哉娼巧暗笔桥哉娼巧?，“凈”是性格鮮明的男性配角(supporting role)，“丑”是幽默滑稽或反面角色。每種角色又有表明身份的險(xiǎn)譜(facial make-up)、扮相(costume)等，只要演員一上場(chǎng)，你一看便知。在人的臉上涂上某種顏色以象征這個(gè)人的性格和品質(zhì)、角色和命運(yùn)，是京劇的一大特點(diǎn)，也是理解劇情的關(guān)鍵。簡(jiǎn)單地講，紅臉含有褒義，代表忠勇(valor)；黑臉為中性，代表猛(vigor)智；黃臉和白臉含貶義，代表兇詐。
Sheng, dan, jing, chou refer to different types of roles in Peking Opera.Sheng is the positive male role, dan is the positive female role, while jing is a supporting male role with a distinctive character and chou is the clown or a negative character.Each type of role has its own facial make-up and costume that expose its identity as soon as he/she appears on the stage.One major characteristic of Peking Opera is the color painted on the face of a character that shows personality, quality, role and fate.It is also the key to understanding the plot.To put it simply, red is appreciative, standing for loyalty and valor;black represents a neutral role, representing vigor and wisdom;yellow and white both suggest cunning, negative characters.Topic 12 羊
羊是一種本性溫順（docile）、易于管理的動(dòng)物。從巖畫(huà)（rock painting）上原始人鐫刻的形態(tài)各異的羊形象中，我們可以看出人類(lèi)與羊的親善、和諧關(guān)系。羊?yàn)槿藗兊纳罨蚣漓攵鵂奚?，是“有義 personal loyalty之物”。羔羊似乎懂得母親的艱辛與不易，所以吃奶時(shí)是跪著的。羔羊的“跪乳”被人們賦予了“孝順”和“懂禮”的意義。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載，人們很早就把羊的美德視為人的道德準(zhǔn)則和榜樣，這反映了人們對(duì)羊的精神感受和對(duì)羊的秉性的人格化概括。
The sheep is an animal that is docile in nature and easy to manage.From the sheep images of various shapes on the rock paintings carved by primitive men, we can see the good and harmonious relationship between human beings and sheep.Sheep sacrifice their lives for people’s living or worship, and therefore are deemed as embracing personal loyalty.The lamb seems to know the hardship of its mother, sucking the breast on bent knees.Such behavior is considered by people to have symbolic meanings of filial piety and courtesy.According to the documents, people have long regarded this morality of sheep as a moral code and example for human beings, which is a reflection of people’s feeling toward sheep and a personalized summary of sheep’s nature.Topic 13 聯(lián)合國(guó)中文日
聯(lián)合國(guó)中文日是聯(lián)合國(guó)語(yǔ)言日的一部分。根據(jù)傳說(shuō)，倉(cāng)頡(Cang Jie)創(chuàng)造了中國(guó)最原始的象形文字(hieroglyph)。上蒼因倉(cāng)頡造字而感動(dòng)，為其降下一場(chǎng)谷子雨，這就是“谷雨”(the Grain Rain)的由來(lái)。中文日因此被定在每年中國(guó)農(nóng)歷的“谷雨”，以紀(jì)念漢字始祖?zhèn)}頡。從2010 年開(kāi)始，聯(lián)合國(guó)每年都在中文日前后舉行多種形式的慶祝活動(dòng)。例如： 2014 年，紐約聯(lián)合國(guó)總部以書(shū)畫(huà)展、茶藝表演(tea-making performance)、歌曲演唱和書(shū)法講座等形式慶祝中文日。
The Chinese Language Day is part of the UN Language Days.According to legend, Cang Jie created the original hieroglyph used in China.The Heaven was moved and rained grain in praise of him, which is the origin of the Grain Rain.As a result, the Chinese Language Day is set on the rain Rain according to the Chinese lunar calendar in memory of Cang Jie, the ancestor of the Chinese characters.Since 2010, the UN has been holding all kinds of celebrating activities around this day every year.For example, in 2014, the UN Headquarters in New York celebrated this day with painting and calligraphy exhibitions, tea-making performances, singing performances, calligraphy lectures, etc.Topic 14 筷子
筷子由兩根長(zhǎng)短相同的木棍組成，是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)餐具(eating utensil)?？曜映霈F(xiàn)在三千多年前，它的出現(xiàn)不僅是中國(guó)烹飪文化的變革，也是人類(lèi)文明的標(biāo)志。此外，筷子在烹飪技巧的發(fā)展過(guò)程中也起著推動(dòng)作用。如今，筷子不僅是一種餐具，還成為一種獨(dú)特的文化形式，對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，筷子可以作為藝術(shù)品來(lái)欣賞、研究和收藏?？曜与m小，但仍被世界上許多人所推崇。一項(xiàng)有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)你在使用筷子的時(shí)候，許多關(guān)節(jié)和肌肉都會(huì)得到鍛煉。
Chopsticks, the traditional eating utensils in China, are a pair of equal length sticks.Chopsticks appeared more than three thousand years ago.The appearance of chopsticks is not only a revolution of Chinese cuisine culture, but also a symbol of human civilization.Besides, chopsticks have promoted the development of cooking techniques.Today, chopsticks not only area kind of tableware, but also have become a unique culture form, coming in front of us as a work of art for appreciation, research and collection.Chopsticks are small, but they are adored by many people in the world.An interesting experiment shows that many joints and muscles can be exercised when you use chopsticks.Topic 15 風(fēng)
箏
風(fēng)箏起源于中國(guó)，在這個(gè)國(guó)家，制作風(fēng)箏的理想材料一應(yīng)俱全：絲織品用來(lái)做帆，極具韌性的(high-tensile-strength)絲線可以制作風(fēng)箏線，輕盈的骨架則由韌性十足的竹子制成。據(jù)說(shuō)，風(fēng)箏是墨子和魯班在公元前 5世紀(jì)時(shí)發(fā)明的。在13世紀(jì)末期，馬可·波羅首次將與風(fēng)箏有關(guān)的故事介紹到歐洲。盡管風(fēng)箏最初只被看作是珍奇物品(curiosity)，但自18世紀(jì)開(kāi)始，風(fēng)箏被用作科研工具?，F(xiàn)在，風(fēng)箏節(jié)已經(jīng)成為一種流行的娛樂(lè)形式，最為著名的就是中國(guó)的濰坊風(fēng)箏節(jié)。
Kites originated in China, where ideal materials for making kites were readily available: silk fabric for the sail;high-tensile-strength silk thread for the flying string;and resilient bamboo for the light framework.It is said that kites were invented by Mo Zi and Lu Ban in the 5th century BC.Stories of kites were first introduced to Europe by Marco Polo in the late 13th century.Although kites were initially regarded as curiosities, since the 18th century they have been used as a vehicle for scientific research.Now, kite festivals have become a popular form of entertainment, and the most famous one is China’s Weifang Kite Festival.Topic 16 銅
鼓
銅鼓（bronze drum）文化是遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代在長(zhǎng)江以南及東南亞的廣大地區(qū)流行的一種典型文化代表。在古代，銅鼓多用于祭神、征戰(zhàn)和節(jié)日活動(dòng)。在祭神時(shí)，它是神圣的法器（artifact）；征戰(zhàn)時(shí)，它是號(hào)令軍隊(duì)振作士氣的軍樂(lè) 器；在節(jié)日里，它又成為最激動(dòng)人心的打擊樂(lè)器（percussion instrument）。銅鼓給人們帶來(lái)的不僅是精神層面的東西，它還有重要的實(shí)用價(jià)值。許多少數(shù)民族依然保留著在傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日及婚娶和喪葬等場(chǎng)合使用銅鼓的習(xí)俗，The bronze drum was a kind of typical culture popularized in the wide area of South of the Yangtze River in China and Southeast Asia in ancient times.More often than not, it was used on such occasions as sacrifice ceremonies to gods, launching ceremonies for the war and festival activities.It was sacred artifact on the sacrifice ceremonies, military musical instrument transmitting orders to soldiers and reviving the morale in the war, exciting percussion instrument in festivals.In addition to its spiritual content, the bronze drum also benefits people with its important value of practical use.Many minority groups still adopt the tradition of playing the bronze drums on the occasions of traditional festivals, wedding ceremony, funeral ceremony, etc.Topic 17十二生肖之鼠
鼠相貌猥瑣，鬼鬼祟祟，破壞力強(qiáng)，落得個(gè)“老鼠過(guò)街，人人喊打”的千古罵名。但它居于中國(guó)
三生肖(the twelve symbolic animals)之首，自古以來(lái)就令人不可思議。一個(gè)較為合理的解釋是：鼠常在夜里23時(shí)至凌晨 1時(shí)四處活動(dòng)，這是一天當(dāng)中最黑暗的時(shí)候，老鼠此時(shí)出沒(méi)便于隱藏行跡。由此看來(lái)，鼠晝伏夜出的（nocturnal）習(xí)性是使它能夠在十二生肖中獨(dú)占鰲頭的主要原因，與其口碑不佳及相貌可鄙沒(méi)有關(guān)系。
Rat looks mean and stealthy, and always causes mass destruction, winning it the notorious reputation for “A rat crossing the street is chased by all.” However, it ranks first among the twelve symbolic animals, which has always been a wonder since ancient times.A more reasonable explanation is;Rats often move around from 11 pm to 1 am, the darkest hours in a day that is convenient for the rats to hide themselves.Judging from this, the habit of being nocturnal is the main reason why rat is put in the first place in the twelve symbolic animals, which has nothing to do with its bad reputation or contemptible looks.Topic 18 中國(guó)寄宿幼兒園
20世紀(jì)90 年代，中國(guó)寄宿幼兒園(boarding kindergarten)的孩子數(shù)量達(dá)到頂峰，在當(dāng)時(shí)送孩子去這樣的學(xué)校是一種地位的象征。不過(guò)最近，這一體系不再像當(dāng)初那樣流行。一些私立和公立的(state-run)寄宿幼兒園都陸續(xù)關(guān)門(mén)，其他的幼兒園正在從寄宿變?yōu)槿胀?。位于上海的中?guó)福利協(xié)會(huì)幼兒園(The China Welfare Institute Kindergarten)以前是寄宿幼兒園，但現(xiàn)在22個(gè)班里只有3個(gè)寄宿班。中國(guó)家長(zhǎng)現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始意識(shí)到，孩子很小的時(shí)候要多花時(shí)間陪陪他們，這點(diǎn)很重要，因?yàn)楹⒆觽冋幱趯W(xué)習(xí)的階段，這是成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中一個(gè)很重要的階段。
The number of kids sent to boarding kindergartens in China peaked in the 1990s, when sending a young child to such schools was a symbol of status.Recently, however, the system has become less popular.Some boarding kindergartens, both private and state-run, are closing one after another.Others are switching from boarding classes to day care.The China Welfare Institute Kindergarten in Shanghai used to be a boarding kindergarten, but now in the 22 classes, only 3 classes for young children are residential.Chinese parents are now starting to realize that it’s important to spend more time with their kids when they are very young, because they are learning in this period and it’s a very important stage of growth.Topic 19 家庭觀念
中國(guó)人重團(tuán)圓、重親情、講孝道（filial piety），并強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭的和睦。中國(guó)人最期望的就是“家和萬(wàn)事興”。當(dāng)家庭中出現(xiàn)矛盾的時(shí)候，中國(guó)人最忌諱把這些矛盾暴露在外人面前，所以中國(guó)人常說(shuō)“家丑不可外揚(yáng)”。中國(guó)人在家庭中還特別重視父母、長(zhǎng)輩的意見(jiàn)，“不聽(tīng)老人言，吃虧在眼前”便是強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)輩的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)年輕人具有重要的作用。中國(guó)人還強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭教育對(duì)孩子人格形成的重要影響，常說(shuō)“子不教，父之過(guò)”。Chinese people attach great importance to reunion, family love, filial piety and a harmonious relationship among the family members.What they expect most is “the family being in harmony and all affairs prosperous”.When there emerges a conflict in the family, it is a taboo for Chinese people to expose the problem to others.Therefore it is often said by Chinese people, “You’re your dirty linen at home.” In a Chinese family, the opinions of parents and the elders are greatly respected.It is often quoted, “You will suffer losses if you close your ears to the elders”, which reflects that the elders’ experience is of great importance to the younger generation.And Chinese people place emphasis on family education which is believed to have great influence on children’s character building, and this can be demonstrated by the proverb “Failing to educate the children is the fault of the father.“
Topic 20科舉考試
科舉考試（Keju）是中國(guó)古代人才選拔的一種方式。由于采用分科目選舉人才的辦法，所以叫作科舉。隋煬帝于公元 605 年開(kāi)設(shè)進(jìn)士科，用考試的辦法來(lái)選拔人才，這標(biāo)志著科舉制度的開(kāi)始。它把讀書(shū)、考試和做官三者緊密結(jié)合起來(lái)，揭開(kāi)了中國(guó)人才選拔史上嶄新的一頁(yè)。唐朝承襲了隋朝的人才選拔制度，并進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的完善。因此，科舉制度逐漸完備起來(lái)?？婆e考試實(shí)行了1 000多年，在實(shí)踐中逐漸形成的一些較好的制度至今仍在我們的社會(huì)生活中發(fā)揮著作用。
Keju, or the imperial examination, is a means to select talents held in ancient China.It got its name since it adopted the method of selecting talents through a range of different subjects.In605 AD, Emperor Yang of Sui established the imperial examination system to select talents, which symbolized the official formation of Keju.The system interconnected learning, examination, and the selection of officials closely, opening up a new page in the annals of talents selection system.The Tang Dynasty followed and further improved the talents selection system of the Sui Dynasty.Consequently, the imperial examination system gradually became perfect.During the over 1 000 years’ implementation of the imperial examination, some good systems have been set up in practice, exerting an influence on our social life till today.Topic 21 造紙術(shù)
東漢(Eastern Han Dynasty)末年，蔡倫的造紙術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用。到了公元 3至5世紀(jì)的兩晉時(shí)期(period of Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties)，人們開(kāi)始在紙上寫(xiě)字，并由此發(fā)展出寫(xiě)在紙上的書(shū)法藝術(shù)。中國(guó)的造紙術(shù)先后傳到了現(xiàn)在的越南、朝鮮和日本。公元 7世紀(jì)左右，又傳到了印度。造紙術(shù)還通過(guò)陸上絲綢之路傳到了西亞和歐洲。歐洲的造紙業(yè)大致從公元12世紀(jì)開(kāi)始，在之前，歐洲人主要使用羊皮等來(lái)書(shū)寫(xiě)，據(jù)說(shuō)書(shū)寫(xiě)一本《圣經(jīng)》需要300多張羊皮，可見(jiàn)其昂貴程度。造紙業(yè)的興盛開(kāi)創(chuàng)了人類(lèi)文明的新紀(jì)元。In the late of Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun’s papermaking technology widely came into use.In the period of Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties(the 3rd to 5th century AD), people began to write on paper and calligraphy on paper was developed correspondingly.Chinese papermaking technology was introduced to Vietnam, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Japan, and around the 7th century was introduced into India.Papermaking technology was also introduced to West Asia and Europe through the Silk Road.The papermaking industry in Europe started in about the 12th century.Before that, the Europeans mainly wrote on sheepskin.It is said that writing a Bible needed more than 300 sheepskins, indicating the expensiveness of it.The rise of papermaking industry started a new era of human civilization.Topic 22 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭
當(dāng)前我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的內(nèi)在機(jī)制（the internal mechanism）不斷增強(qiáng)，基本做到了速度、質(zhì)量和效益的統(tǒng)一。但是，我們也要清醒地看到，世界上沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展可以長(zhǎng)盛不衰，永遠(yuǎn)保持高速度。中國(guó)也不例外。改革開(kāi)放取得的成就是有目共睹的，但是新的矛盾和問(wèn)題也出現(xiàn)了，如國(guó)企（state-owned enterprise）改革問(wèn)題、貧富分化問(wèn)題、腐敗問(wèn)題、金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題、生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞問(wèn)題等。這些問(wèn)題都需要我們高度重視，盡快找到有效的解決辦法。
At present our economy enjoys good momentum of growth.The internal mechanism for economic growth has been increasingly strengthened.We have, to a large extent, struck the right balance among speed, quality and economic benefit.But we must keep a clear mind and realize that there are no countries in the world that can keep an economic boom with high-speed growth.China won’t be an exception.The achievements of the reform and opening-up are obvious to all.But now there are also some new problems.These include the problems.In the reform of state-owned enterprises, the enormous gap between the rich and the poor, corruption, risks in the financial sector as well as ecological and environmental damage.We need to pay high attention to the problems mentioned above and find effective solutions in the shortest time.Topic 23 上海自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)
發(fā)展中國(guó)（上海）自由 貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)(China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone)是國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略，是深化改革、擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放的重大舉措，意義深遠(yuǎn)。這項(xiàng)重大改革以制度創(chuàng)新為著力點(diǎn)，重在提升軟實(shí)力(soft power)，各項(xiàng)工作影響大、難度高。建設(shè)中國(guó)（上海）自由 貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)是順應(yīng)全球經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展新趨勢(shì)，實(shí)行更加積極主動(dòng)開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略的一項(xiàng)重大舉措。建設(shè)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)的主要任務(wù)是探索中國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的新路徑和新模式，推動(dòng)加快轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能和行政體制改革(reform of administrative System)，促進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式和優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
Developing the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone is a national strategy, and a major initiative for deepening the reform and expanding opening-up, which has a profound and important influence.This major initiative focuses on institutional innovation and emphasizes on promoting soft power.All the work is significant but in great difficulty.Building the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone is a major move to conform to the new trend of global economic and trade development and implement a more proactive opening-up strategy.The main task of this action is to explore the new path and pattern of Chinese opening-up, speed up the transformation of government function and the reform of administrative system, foster the transformation of the economic growth pattern and optimize the economic structure.Topic 24 科技園區(qū)建設(shè)
在經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩的大背景下，作為推動(dòng)新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)的重要載體，科技園區(qū)(high-tech Zone)的建設(shè)至關(guān)重要。在創(chuàng)新成為重要經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力的今天，科技園區(qū)作為全球知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)中企業(yè)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)業(yè)最佳棲息地，不僅承載著推動(dòng)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、加速知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移（knowledge Transfer)、加快經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的使命，也是城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的重要來(lái)源。科技園區(qū)如何充分發(fā)揮其在“新型城鎮(zhèn)化”進(jìn)程中的巨大作用，已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。
In the context of slow economic growth, the construction of high-tech zone is crucial as an important carrier to promote the new urbanization.Today when innovation becomes a major economic driver, high-tech zone, the best habitat for the innovation and new business of enterprises and research institutes in the global knowledge economy, not only takes on the mission of promoting technological innovation and accelerating knowledge transfer and economic growth, but also plays an important role as a source of economic growth and competitiveness in cities.How the high-tech zone gives full play to its great function during “new-type urbanization” has been focused on.Topic 25 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的改善
中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)改善的跡象。一方面，貿(mào)易順差(trade surplus)出現(xiàn)了明顯的而且是持續(xù)的下降，其主要原因不是出口的放緩，而是進(jìn)口的加速；另一方面，居民消費(fèi)占GDP的比重并不像統(tǒng)計(jì)所說(shuō)的持續(xù)下降，而是從2007 年開(kāi)始就持續(xù)上升。這些結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面的明顯改進(jìn)并不是具體政策調(diào)整所帶來(lái)的，而應(yīng)歸功于市場(chǎng)，是市場(chǎng)的力量推動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)應(yīng)該堅(jiān)定不移地沿著市場(chǎng)化(marketalization)的方向走下去。
It is shown that the structure of Chinese economy has been’ obviously improved.For one thing, trade surplus has declined dramatically and continuously.The primary reason is not the slowdown in the export but the acceleration of import.For another, the proportion of residents’ consumption on GDP does not keep declining as statistics show, but has kept rising since 2007.The obvious improvement of structure comes up owing to the market rather than some specific policy adjustment.It is the power of the market that promotes structure adjustment.Chinese economy should unswervingly go on the path of marketalization.Topic 26 會(huì)展業(yè)
會(huì)展業(yè)(exhibition industry)在中國(guó)被譽(yù)為朝陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。目前，中國(guó)的會(huì)展業(yè)已經(jīng)成為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)點(diǎn)。北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)和上海世博會(huì)的成功舉辦對(duì)中國(guó)的會(huì)展業(yè)發(fā)展意義深遠(yuǎn)。這兩件國(guó)際盛事不僅讓世界認(rèn)識(shí)了中國(guó)，更為重要的是，為中國(guó)會(huì)展業(yè)引入了大量的外國(guó)資金、技術(shù)和人才。但是，我們也必須清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到制約中國(guó)會(huì)展業(yè)發(fā)展的因素。中國(guó)的會(huì)展業(yè)起步較晚，直至最近才發(fā)展成一個(gè)獨(dú)立產(chǎn)業(yè)，其出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展都帶有自發(fā)性和隨意性。
Exhibition industry is referred _to, in China, as sunrise industry.At present, China’s exhibition industry has become a new economic growth point.The Beijing Olympic Games and the Shanghai World Expo were successfully held, which exerted a far-reaching impact on the development of exhibition industry.The two international events have not merely made China known to the world.More importantly, they have introduced abundant foreign capital, technologies and talents to the exhibition industry of China.However, we must also be well aware of the constraining factors of China’s exhibition industry.Starting relatively late, China’s exhibition industry did not develop into an independent industry until very recently.Both the emergence and the development of the industry are spontaneous and random.Topic 27 貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端
中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織以后，中國(guó)與美國(guó)和歐盟通過(guò)協(xié)商、磋商，已經(jīng)解決了大量的貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端。中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)是提倡“以和為貴”，做生意就要和氣生財(cái)，希望和美國(guó)、歐洲的商人能夠和氣相處，能夠共同解決出現(xiàn)的貿(mào)易問(wèn)題。在遇到貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端的時(shí)候，一些國(guó)家不是尋求妥善解決問(wèn)題的辦法，而是動(dòng)輒設(shè)限，這種作風(fēng)無(wú)益于解決貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端，也會(huì)有損他們的形象。作為禮儀之邦(etiquette）中國(guó)一般的做法是首先勸說(shuō)他們多傾聽(tīng)大家的意見(jiàn)。
Since the entry into WTO, China has settled numerous trading disputes with America and European Union through consultations and negotiations.With the traditional concept of harmony in mind, China firmly believes that harmony, once realized in business, can bring wealth.Therefore, China has been expecting a harmonious existence with American and European businessmen and a joint effort to solve trading problems.Confronted with trading disputes, instead of seeking out appropriate solutions, some countries frequently set limits, which is no good for solving problems and at the same time damages their images.On the contrary, China, bearing the name of “state with etiquette”, generally talks them into listening more to others’ proposals first.Topic 28 投資環(huán)境
中國(guó)正在努力改善其投資環(huán)境以吸引更多外資。迄今為止，中國(guó)的對(duì)外投資領(lǐng)域已從工業(yè)擴(kuò)展到金融、房地產(chǎn)(real estate)、外貿(mào)及服務(wù)業(yè)。根據(jù)最新的調(diào)查，歐盟對(duì)中國(guó)的投資迅速上升，然而來(lái)自美國(guó)的實(shí)際投資卻有所下降。東南亞依舊是重要的投資來(lái)源，并且投資結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)有所改善。外國(guó)投資者對(duì)高科技領(lǐng)域及研發(fā)中心(R＆D center)的投資表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣。此外，對(duì)通信設(shè)備、計(jì)算機(jī)、電子產(chǎn)品及運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的投資也大幅增加。
China is working hard to improve its environment to attract more foreign investment.Up to now, foreign investment in China has extended from industry to finance, real estate, foreign trade and service.According to the latest survey, the investment from European Union has increased rapidly while that from America has experienced a moderate decrease.Southeast Asia remains an important source of foreign investment, and the structure of investment has been improved.Foreign investors are showing great interest in the investment of high-tech fields and R&D centers.In addition, they have also increased substantially the investment in telecom equipment, computer, electronics and transportation equipment.Topic 29 生態(tài)觀光
從20世紀(jì)80 年代初起，以探險(xiǎn)和自然觀光為主題的旅游活動(dòng)越來(lái)越受歡迎。伴隨著全球環(huán)境意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)及對(duì)多元文化的尊重，生態(tài)觀光(ecotourism)已經(jīng)成為旅游業(yè)中快速發(fā)展的一個(gè)組成部分。度假者可以享受都市里五星級(jí)酒店的舒適，可以品味高雅餐廳的宜人，而爬山、徒步旅行則成為另一種誘人的選擇。但是，生態(tài)觀光并不只是到偏遠(yuǎn)的(remote)地方旅行，這一概念也強(qiáng)調(diào)教育游客去認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)土人情和文化遺產(chǎn)。
Since the early 1980s, tourism centering on adventure and natural sightseeing has become increasingly popular.With the enhancement of global environmental consciousness and increasing respect shown for cultural diversity, ecotourism has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel and tourism industry.Tourists can stay in an urban five-star hotel enjoying the comforts or sit in an elegant restaurant tasting the delight, but people can also choose to climb mountains and go hiking, which are the attractive alternatives offered to people.But ecotourism means more than just traveling to remote destinations.It also emphasizes educating visitors about local conditions and customs, as well as cultural heritage.Topic 30 新絲綢之路
新絲綢之路(New Silk Road)是一條全長(zhǎng)15 000多公里、貫通中亞的公路干線通道。建設(shè)新絲綢之路的初衷是通過(guò)這條連接亞歐兩大陸、輻射30多個(gè)國(guó)家的大動(dòng)脈(artery)促進(jìn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的快速發(fā)展，特別是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的騰飛，中國(guó)與中亞國(guó)家、歐洲國(guó)家之間的往來(lái)在廣度和深度上都有了空前的發(fā)展。新絲綢之路沿線國(guó)家已不滿足于僅僅建設(shè)交通運(yùn)輸生命線，還要不斷加深沿線區(qū)域經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，形成新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶。
The New Silk Road, more than 15 000 kilometers in length, is a main road passage running across Central Asia.The New Silk Road was intended to boost international trade through the artery that connects Asia and Europe, and radiates over 30 countries.With the rapid development of economic globalization, especially the rise of Chinese economy, China has made unprecedented contact with Central Asian and European countries, both in breadth and in depth.Countries along the New Silk Road are not satisfied with building a lifeline of transportation.They also want to deepen economic and commercial cooperation with districts along the road to frame the new Silk Road Economic Belt.Topic 31 中國(guó)快遞企業(yè)
根據(jù)快遞企業(yè)(express delivery enterprise)的性質(zhì)及規(guī)模，可將我國(guó)快遞企業(yè)分為四類(lèi)。一是外資企業(yè)，外資快遞企業(yè)具有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、雄厚的資金和發(fā)達(dá)的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)；二是國(guó)有企業(yè)，國(guó)有快遞企業(yè)依靠其背景優(yōu)勢(shì)和完善的國(guó)內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在快遞市場(chǎng)處于領(lǐng)先地位；三是大型民營(yíng)企業(yè)，大型民營(yíng)快遞企業(yè)在局部市場(chǎng)站穩(wěn)腳跟后，已逐步向全國(guó)擴(kuò)張；四是小型民營(yíng)企業(yè)，這類(lèi)快遞企業(yè)規(guī)模小、經(jīng)營(yíng)靈活但管理比較混亂，主要經(jīng)營(yíng)特定區(qū)域的同城快遞(intra-city express delivery)和省內(nèi)快遞業(yè)務(wù)。
According to the nature and scale, express delivery enterprises in China can be divided into four kinds, including the foreign-funded enterprises, the state-owned enterprises, the large-sized private enterprises and the small-sized private enterprises.The foreign-funded express delivery enterprises have rich experience, sufficient fund and a developed global network;the state-owned enterprises lead the market due to their advantageous background and widespread domestic network;the large-sized private enterprises gain a foothold in local markets and have gradually expanded to the rest of the country;the small-sized private enterprises, characterized by small scale, flexible operation and messy management, specialize in intra-city and provincial express delivery in specific regions.Topic 32 生物產(chǎn)業(yè)
生物產(chǎn)業(yè)是國(guó)家確定的一項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。過(guò)去五年，中國(guó)生物產(chǎn)業(yè)的年均增速超過(guò)了20%。隨著城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化大幅推進(jìn)，我國(guó)面臨日趨嚴(yán)峻的人口老齡化、食品安全、能源短缺、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化等挑戰(zhàn)。為保障人口健康、糧食安全和推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排，亟須加快新型藥物、作物新品種、綠色種植技術(shù)、生物燃料(biofuel)和生物發(fā)電(bioelectrogenesis)、生物環(huán)保技術(shù)、生物基產(chǎn)品(bio-based product)等的開(kāi)發(fā)培育和推廣應(yīng)用，因此，生物產(chǎn)業(yè)將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)高增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)。
Biological industry is an emerging industry of strategic importance designated by the state.During the past five years, the annual growth rate of China’s biological industry has been beyond 20% on average.With large-scale urbanization and industrialization, China is facing the worsening challenges such as the aging population, food safety, energy resources shortage and ecological environment deterioration.To ensure residents’ health, safety of food and the promotion of energy conservation and emissions reduction, the development and application of new drugs, new crop varieties, green planting technology, biofuel and bioelectrogenesis, biological environmental protection technology, and bio-based products, ect.are urgently needed to be accelerated.Therefore, biological industry will keep high growth.Topic 33 礦產(chǎn)資源概述
中國(guó)擁有豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源，是世界上少有的礦產(chǎn)自給自足的國(guó)家之一，所有世界已知的礦產(chǎn)都能在這里找到。迄今為止，地質(zhì)學(xué)家已經(jīng)探明儲(chǔ)量的礦物使中國(guó)在礦產(chǎn)總儲(chǔ)量上位列世界第三。已經(jīng)探明儲(chǔ)量的能源包括煤、石油、天然氣；放射性礦物包括鈾(uranium)和釷(thorium)。中國(guó)可直接利用的煤炭主要分布在北方地區(qū)，尤以山西、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)、陜西和新疆儲(chǔ)量最為豐富。石油資源主要分布在西北部、東北部以及東部地區(qū)的大陸架(continental shelf)。
China is rich in mineral resources, and all the world’s known minerals can be found here, which makes China one of the world’s few self-sufficient countries.To date, minerals whose reserves have been confirmed by the geologists make China rank third in the world in total reserves.Proven reserves of energy sources include coal, petroleum, and natural gas;and radioactive minerals include uranium and thorium.China’s coal reserves that can be directly used mainly distributed in north China, with Shanxi, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi, Xinjiang taking the lead.Petroleum reserves are mainly in Northwest and Northeast China as well as the continental shelves in East China.Topic 34 中國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)發(fā)
中國(guó)是世界上最早開(kāi)發(fā)利用礦產(chǎn)資源的國(guó)家之一。過(guò)去50 年，中國(guó)在礦產(chǎn)資源勘探（survey）開(kāi)發(fā)方面取得了巨大的成就，這為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)、快速、健康發(fā)展提供了重要保障。中國(guó)是一個(gè)人口眾多、資源相對(duì)不足的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，主要依靠本國(guó)的礦產(chǎn)資源來(lái)滿足現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)（modernization program）的需要。同時(shí)，中國(guó)還不斷努力引進(jìn)國(guó)外資本和技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)本國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資源。中國(guó)政府高度重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展和礦產(chǎn)資源的合理利用，把可持續(xù)發(fā)展確定為國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略，把保護(hù)資源列為可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要內(nèi)容。
China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize mineral resources.Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and exploitation of its mineral resources, which has provided an important guarantee for the sustained, rapid and sound development of Chinese economy.China is a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources.It mainly depends on the exploitation of its own mineral resources To meet the needs of its modernization program.Meanwhile, China has made constant efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources.The Chinese government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources.It has made sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy.Topic 35 中國(guó)高鐵
我國(guó)地域遼闊、人口眾多，要解決大規(guī)模人口流動(dòng)問(wèn)題，最安全可靠、最快速便捷、最經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的交通方式就是高速鐵路（high-speed rail。高鐵的誕生滿足了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人們生活、工作、出行節(jié)奏快的需求。自2007 年修建第一條高速鐵路“京津”高鐵開(kāi)始，幾十條高鐵相繼開(kāi)通運(yùn)營(yíng)，中國(guó)高鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)里程（operating mileage）已達(dá)1萬(wàn)多公里，位居世界首位。而隨著中國(guó)高鐵“走出去”步伐不斷加快，中國(guó)高鐵正成為一張讓世界了解中國(guó)的新名片。
Considering China’s vast territory and large population, high-speed rail is the most secure and reliable transport to solve the mobility problem of the large-scale population.With the highest speed and greatest convenience, it is also the most economical and most environment-friendly The birth of high-speed rail meets the needs of modern people to live, work and go outdoors at a fast pace.Since 2007 when the first high-speed rail line “Beijing-Tianjin” line was built, dozens of lines have been built and operated successively, making China’s high-speed rail operating mileage reach over ten thousand kilometers, ranking first in the world.As China’s high-speed rail accelerates its pace to expand overseas, it is becoming a new business card for China to introduce itself to the world.Topic 36 中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)
中國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)本質(zhì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了極大的變化。十五年前，城市人口主要由國(guó)企工人構(gòu)成，住房由國(guó)家統(tǒng)一安排分配?，F(xiàn)在的年輕人則需要購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品房，若沒(méi)有房子，連對(duì)象都難找，然而，買(mǎi)房卻并不容易。在中國(guó)，政府對(duì)資金調(diào)控極其嚴(yán)格，而炒股又有很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性。這樣一來(lái)，房子就成了具有保障性的投資商品。中國(guó)有13%的城市家庭至少擁有兩套房。因此，中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)非?；鸨?。
The nature of real estate has changed greatly in China.Fifteen years ago, workers in state-owned enterprises, who then comprised a high proportion of the population in cities, were assigned accommodation by the government.But nowadays, young boys have to purchase commercial residential houses because they can hardly find a girlfriend if they do not have their own houses.Buying a house, however, is difficult.Because of the strict capital controls by government and the capricious stock market, the house has become a reassuring investment.Thirteen percent of urban households in China own two or more houses.That’s why China’s real estate has boomed.Topic 37 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成就
在黨中央(the CPC Central Committee)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的各方面都取得了巨大成就。我們完成了諸多造福百姓的工程，如西部大開(kāi)發(fā)(Western Development)、南水北調(diào)(South-To-North Water Diversion Project)等。用水用電更加方便快捷，出行選擇也多種多樣。我國(guó)的國(guó)際地位不斷提高，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。加人世界貿(mào)易組織后，我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策牽動(dòng)著世界的一呼一吸；成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)和上海世博會(huì)，贏得了世界的關(guān)注與尊重。總之，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了輝煌成就，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的明天一定更美好。Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, we have made great economic accomplishments in all aspects.We have completed many projects bringing benefits to common people, such as Western Development and South-to-North Water Diversion Project.We have easier access to water and electric power, and we have more choices when traveling.Our country’s international status keeps on increasing, making great influence on the world economy.Joining the WTO enables our economic policies to affect the activities of the world.Successfully holding the Beijing Olympic Games and the Shanghai World Expo brings more attention and respect from the world.In a word, Chinese economy has made amazing achievements and will definitely have a brighter future.Topic 38 中國(guó)的國(guó)際地位
隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展和綜合國(guó)力的增強(qiáng)，中國(guó)在世界上的影響日益增大。2008 年北京舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)，2010 年上海舉辦世博會(huì)，這意味著有幾千年歷史的中國(guó)，正以前所未有的廣度和深度向世界各國(guó)開(kāi)放，并從各個(gè)方面融人國(guó)際社會(huì)。在這樣一個(gè)歷史性的時(shí)刻，國(guó)際社會(huì)比過(guò)去任何時(shí)候都更加關(guān)注中國(guó)，各國(guó)朋友都迫切希望對(duì)中國(guó)文化有一種比過(guò)去更真實(shí)、更生動(dòng)、更深入的認(rèn)識(shí)。
With the rapid development of Chinese economy and comprehensive national strength, China’s international influence has been increasing.The 2008 Olympic Games and 2010 World Expo were respectively held in Beijing and Shanghai, which means China, a thousand-year-old country, is opening to the world with unprecedented breadth and depth, and being integrated into international community in various aspects.At this historic moment, international community is more focusing on China than ever before.People from all over the world are eager to have a realer, deeper, and more vivid understanding of Chinese culture than that in the past.Topic 39 西藏的發(fā)展 由于西藏地處“世界屋脊”(Roof of the World)，自然條件惡劣，也由于幾百年落后的封建農(nóng)奴制社會(huì)(feudal serfdom)形成的各種社會(huì)歷史條件的限制，西藏在全國(guó)還屬于欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)。但是，過(guò)去60 年的發(fā)展已經(jīng)極大地改變了其昔日貧窮落后的面貌，西藏人民生活水平大大提高。社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展極大地豐富了西藏人民的物質(zhì)文化生活。2000 年，西藏全區(qū)各族人民已基本擺脫貧困，實(shí)現(xiàn)溫飽。部分群眾生活達(dá)到了小康水平。隨著人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩電、洗衣機(jī)等消費(fèi)品進(jìn)入了越來(lái)越多尋常百姓家。
Located on the Roof of the World, Tibet is still an underdeveloped area in China due to its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by the backward feudal serfdom with a history of hundreds of years.However, the development in the past 60 years in Tibet has dramatically changed its former poverty and backwardness and the Tibetan people’s living standards have remarkably improved.People’s material life has been greatly enriched by the economic development.In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty and had adequate food and clothes.Part of them began to live a well-off life.As people’s livelihood improves, consumer goods such as refrigerators, color TVs and washing machines have entered more and more ordinary people’s homes.Topic 40 社區(qū)公益
社區(qū)公益(community public benefit)以公益機(jī)構(gòu)為主體，為達(dá)成公益目的而鼓勵(lì)社區(qū)發(fā)動(dòng)居民積極參與各種公益服務(wù)或活動(dòng)。近年來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)投身到社會(huì)公益事業(yè)之中，或進(jìn)行大額捐款，或成立慈善基金，力圖在履行社會(huì)責(zé)任的同時(shí)，凸顯企業(yè)的品牌和產(chǎn)品。顯然，這是社會(huì)公益不成熟的一種表現(xiàn)，因?yàn)槟切┯兄薮笊鐣?huì)需求的社區(qū)公益服務(wù)，由于需要長(zhǎng)期默默無(wú)聞的服務(wù)和關(guān)懷，還沒(méi)有得到更多的關(guān)注。
The community public benefit whose main body is public organizations encourages residents to take part in various kinds of public services or activities to reach the goal of public benefit.In recent years, more and more organizations and enterprises devote themselves to public benefit by donating large amounts of money or establishing charitable funds to advertise their brands and products while fulfilling their social responsibilities.Obviously, it is a reflection of immature public benefit, because the community public benefit service with large social demand hasn’t been paid more attention to due to the need of long-term obscure service and care.Topic 41 新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度
新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度(New Rural Cooperative Medical System)目的是為了解決農(nóng)民的就醫(yī)問(wèn)題，減輕農(nóng)民因疾病帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，提高農(nóng)民健康水平。新農(nóng)合將逐漸發(fā)展成為較為完善的農(nóng)村醫(yī)療保障制度。它的發(fā)展直接影響廣大農(nóng)民的健康問(wèn)題。由于中國(guó)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡，各地新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度采取了不同的實(shí)施方案。自 2010 年以來(lái)，新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度已基本覆蓋農(nóng)村居民。
The New Rural Cooperative Medical System(the NRCMS)aims to solve the rural residents’ medical problems, alleviate their financial burden of diseases, and improve their health.The NRCMS will gradually develop into a complete rural medical security system.The development of the NRCMS will directly influence the health of all the rural residents.Due to China’s unbalanced economic conditions among different areas, various implementation plans are adopted in the NRCMS from place to place.The NRCMS has basically covered all the rural residents since 2010.Topic 42 綠色就業(yè)
綠色就業(yè)(green job)是在經(jīng)濟(jì)綠化的過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的，指的是從事綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的就業(yè)。綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的技術(shù)和工藝、產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的組織方式進(jìn)行“綠化”。綠色就業(yè)就是采用綠色技術(shù)、工藝和原材料進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的就業(yè)，就是從事綠色產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)的就業(yè)，就是從事環(huán)境和生態(tài)保護(hù)工作的就業(yè)。世界上很多國(guó)家看到了綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)蘊(yùn)藏的巨大就業(yè)潛力，紛紛采取措施，開(kāi)發(fā)綠色項(xiàng)目，刺激綠色消費(fèi)，以創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)崗位。
A green job emerged and developed from green economy, which refers to work that is relevant to green economic activities.The industrial structure as well as the technologies, techniques and organization mode during production of green economy are “greened”.Green job adopts green technologies, techniques and raw materials to produce green products, offer green services and provide jobs in the environmental and ecological protection.Many countries in the world notice the huge employment potential of green economy and take measures in succession to develop green projects and stimulate green consumption so that more jobs will be created.Topic 43 中國(guó)家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的變化
改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)社會(huì)的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。越來(lái)越多的傳統(tǒng)大家庭模式被以核心家庭為主的多樣化的小家庭模式所取代。與此相一致的是，越來(lái)越多的以父輩為權(quán)威的大家庭讓位于以子女，特別是獨(dú)生子女(only child)為中心的小家庭制度。人口老齡化(population aging)進(jìn)程的加速與家庭制度的演變使養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)峻性愈加凸顯。大眾傳媒和各種娛樂(lè)設(shè)施極大地轉(zhuǎn)移和豐富了人們的生活內(nèi)容，人們已經(jīng)不再把家庭作為唯一的娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所。
The family structure in Chinese society has been undergoing dramatic changes since the reform and opening-up.More and more traditional extended families have been replaced by various small household patterns, especially nuclear families.Correspondingly, more and more extended families with the elders as authorities are giving place to smaller families with children, especially the only children, as the centers.The changes of family patterns, along with the acceleration of population aging, make the provision for the aged a increasingly severe problem.Mass media and various recreation facilities greatly distract people and enrich their life, so that families are no longer the only place to enjoy themselves.Topic 44 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
網(wǎng)上交流活躍是中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的一大特點(diǎn)，論壇帖文(forum post)、博客文章數(shù)量之大，在世界各國(guó)都是難以想象的。中國(guó)的網(wǎng)站十分注重為網(wǎng)民(netizen)提供發(fā)表言論的服務(wù)，約80%的網(wǎng)站提供電子公告服務(wù)(Bulletin Board Service)。據(jù)抽樣調(diào)查，每天人們通過(guò)論壇、新聞評(píng)論、博客等渠道發(fā)表的言論達(dá)300多萬(wàn)條，超過(guò)66%的中國(guó)網(wǎng)民經(jīng)常在網(wǎng)上發(fā)表言論，就各種話題進(jìn)行討論，充分表達(dá)思想觀點(diǎn)和利益訴求。中國(guó)網(wǎng)民踴躍參與網(wǎng)上信息傳播和網(wǎng)上內(nèi)容創(chuàng)造，大大豐富了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的信息內(nèi)容。
Vigorous online interaction is a major characteristic of China’s Internet development, and the huge quantity of forum posts and blog articles is far beyond that of other countries.China’s websites attach great importance to providing netizens with opinion expression services, among which about 80% provide Bulletin Board Service.According to a sample survey, each day people post over three million messages via forums, news commentary sites, blogs, etc., and over 66%of Chinese netizens frequently post topics on various subjects to fully express their opinions and interests.Chinese netizens actively participate in online information communication and production, greatly enriching Internet contents.Topic 45 網(wǎng)上銀行
網(wǎng)上銀行擁有許多優(yōu)勢(shì)。網(wǎng)上銀行從不關(guān)門(mén)，每天24小時(shí)、每周 7天全天候營(yíng)業(yè)，而且只需輕點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)即可完成交易。當(dāng)你的財(cái)務(wù)發(fā)生問(wèn)題，而你附近又沒(méi)有營(yíng)業(yè)廳或自動(dòng)取款機(jī)時(shí)，你可以馬上登陸網(wǎng)上銀行來(lái)處理你的財(cái)務(wù)。網(wǎng)上銀行處理并確認(rèn)交易的速度通常達(dá)到或者超過(guò)了自動(dòng)取款機(jī)的運(yùn)行速度。網(wǎng)上銀行現(xiàn)在還提供賬目總計(jì)、股票報(bào)價(jià)等先進(jìn)的工具，以幫助你更有效地理財(cái)。
Online banking has a lot of advantages.It never closes, offering services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and all you need to do is just a slight click of the mouse.If your nearby banks or ATMs are not available when financial problems arise, you can immediately log on to your online banking and cope with your business.In terms of the speed of the execution and confirmation of transactions, online banking is generally no slower than ATMs.Online banking now offers advanced tools, including account aggregation, stock quotes and so on to help you manage your assets more effectively.Topic 46 環(huán)境保護(hù)
當(dāng)今世界，環(huán)境保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為各國(guó)政府和各界人士共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。過(guò)去10 年，海平面上升和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的；生態(tài)惡化、物種滅絕(extinction)、溫室效應(yīng)等一系列環(huán)境問(wèn)題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到人類(lèi)的生存環(huán)境和健康。中國(guó)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)與保護(hù)環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。從國(guó)情出發(fā)，中國(guó)在全面推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化(modernization)的過(guò)程中，將環(huán)境保護(hù)視為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，并在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開(kāi)展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)活動(dòng)。
Nowadays, environmental protection has become an issue that the governments of all countries and people from all walks of life commonly care about.During the past ten years, the speed of sea level rise and deforestation has been unprecedented while a series of environmental problems, such as deterioration of ecosystem, extinction of bio-species, and the greenhouse effect, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health.As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Based on its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting overall modernization, made environmental protection one of its basic state policies, and carried out nationwide campaigns of pollution prevention and treatment as well as ecology and environment protection.Topic 47 老齡化
聯(lián)合國(guó)(United Nations)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，當(dāng)一個(gè)地區(qū)65歲及以上的老人占總?cè)丝诘?%時(shí)，該地區(qū)就被視為進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)(aging society)。老齡化會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)家財(cái)政造成巨大的影響，但老齡化的影響并不止于此。在老齡化社會(huì)里，勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)、儲(chǔ)蓄方式以及人口流動(dòng)都會(huì)發(fā)生變化。中國(guó)社會(huì)保障制度并不健全，大多數(shù)老年人都依靠子女贍養(yǎng)。小家庭的增多和傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀的缺失都會(huì)使老齡化問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重，從而對(duì)中小家庭造成沉重負(fù)擔(dān)。
According to the standard of the United Nations, a society is considered an aging society when the proportion of people aged 65 and above is more than 7%.The impacts of aging society on state finance are huge.However, the impacts are much wider.In an aging society, labor markets, saving patterns and migration movements will change.Social security system in China is weak, and most of the elderly are supported by their children.Declining family size and the erosion of traditional values magnify the challenge, which places a heavy burden on small and middle sized households.Topic 48 婦女地位
在中國(guó)，婦女占了大約一半的人口，常被稱為“半邊天”(“Half the Sky”)。在過(guò)去的幾十年里，中國(guó)婦女的社會(huì)地位經(jīng)歷了歷史性的變化。社會(huì)主義社會(huì)不僅從法律上確立了男女平等，而且采取了經(jīng)濟(jì)手段來(lái)幫助婦女獲得平等地位，縮小男女之間的社會(huì)差距。婦女在社會(huì)各界發(fā)揮著巨大的作用。但是，不平等現(xiàn)象仍然存在。比如，男女就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)方面不平等，入學(xué)機(jī)會(huì)方面不平等，在某些農(nóng)村地區(qū)，婦女生了女孩兒還會(huì)受到歧視。
In China, women account for nearly half the total population of the country and are often called “Half the Sky”.Over the past decades, the social status of Chinese women has experienced historic changes.The socialist society has not only established legal equality between men and women, but also adopted economic means to help women achieve gender equality and narrow the social gap between men and women.Women are playing an important role in all fields of life.However, inequality still exists.For example, men and women are unequal in the opportunity for employment and enrollment in schools.In some rural areas, women will be discriminated by others if they give birth to a female baby.Topic 49 非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)
保護(hù)和弘揚(yáng)先人創(chuàng)造的優(yōu)秀非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)(intangible cultural heritage)，是全民族的共同責(zé)任，也是中國(guó)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)。非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)是中華傳統(tǒng)文明的一部分，凝聚著中華民族文化的精華。截至2013 年底，我國(guó)已有38個(gè)項(xiàng)目列入聯(lián)合國(guó)“人類(lèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄”，居世界第一。根據(jù)文化部公布的信息，我國(guó)共有87萬(wàn)個(gè)非遺項(xiàng)目，可以說(shuō)歷史有多悠久，民間藝術(shù)就有多悠久；文化有多燦爛，民間藝術(shù)就有多燦爛；生活有多美好，民間藝術(shù)就有多美好。
Protecting and promoting the excellent intangible cultural heritage created by our ancestors is the common responsibility of the whole Chinese nation and the emphasis of the development of China’s culture industry.Chinese intangible cultural heritage is a part of the traditional Chinese civilization, condensing the essence of Chinese national culture.By the end of 2013, China has 38projects listed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, ranking first in the world.According to the information released by the Ministry of Culture, there are 870 thousand intangible cultural projects in China.In a manner of speaking, the longer the history is, the more could be;the better the life is, the more beautiful the folk arts could be.Topic 50 自主創(chuàng)業(yè)
自主創(chuàng)業(yè)(self-employed)的好處之一是盈利歸自己所有，利潤(rùn)是對(duì)自己努力、能力和創(chuàng)造力的回報(bào)。自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的第二個(gè)好處是個(gè)人才智和能力能直接反映在收入上。自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的第三個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)是自己做老板能夠控制自己的工作時(shí)間。但是創(chuàng)業(yè)并不是一帆風(fēng)順(go smoothly)的事。首先，做自己的老板把責(zé)任直接放到了個(gè)人的肩上。其次，自己做老板時(shí)，一單成功的生意可能會(huì)帶來(lái)很大的盈利，而一單失敗的生意可能會(huì)造成破產(chǎn)。第三個(gè)弊端是沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定的工資，收入浮動(dòng)很大。
One of the advantages of being self-employed is that the profits that the business makes belong to the owner.The profits earned are the reward for the owner s effort, competence and creativity.Another advantage is that a person’s earnings directly reflect his intelligence and abilities.The third advantage of being self-employed is that a person as the boss can control his working hours.However, being self-employed does not always go smoothly.First, being one’s own boss means placing the responsibility directly on that individual’s shoulders.Second, though the self-employed can earn considerable profits with a successful business, losses can force them out of business.The third disadvantage is that self-employed people have no stable wage and their Earnings can vary greatly.
第五篇：六級(jí)翻譯真題及答案
在未來(lái)幾年，中國(guó)將著力增加職業(yè)學(xué)院的招生人數(shù)：除了關(guān)注高等教育外，還將尋找新的突破以確保教育制度更加公平。中國(guó)正在努力最佳地利用教育資源，這樣農(nóng)村和欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)將獲得更多的支持。
教育部還決定改善欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)學(xué)生的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，并為外來(lái)務(wù)工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等機(jī)會(huì)。
譯文一
China will endeavor to ensure everyemployee to have average 13.3 years of education.If the goal is achieved, amajority of people entering the labor market will be having Bachelor’s degree。
In the next few years, China willincrease the number of people in vocational college.Except focusing on thehigher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure thejustice of education.China is trying to optimize education resources and,accordingly, the countryside as well as the less developed areas will receivemore support。
In addition, the education ministrydecides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas andprovides equal opportunities for the children of workers from out of town toreceive education in the city。
譯文二
China will strive to ensure that employees should received an average of 13.3 years of education by 2015.If this goal can be achieved, the majority of people who enter the labor market will be required to obtain a college degree in the future.Over the next few years, China will focus on increasing college enrollment: apart from attaching importance to the higher education system, China will also seek new breakthroughs to pursue a fairer educational system.China is making efforts to optimize the use of educational resources so that rural and less developed areas will receive more support.The Ministry of Education also decides to improve student nutrition in underdeveloped regions, and to offer equal education opportunities for children of migrant workers in the city.
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