第一篇：英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀術(shù)語(yǔ)（本站推薦）
一．Local Colorism
It is said that Bret Harte was one of the first realists to introduce local color into American literature.His “The Luck of Roaring Camp”(1868)marked a significantdevelopment in the brief history of local color fiction.It was the result of historical & aesthetic forces.1.historical
2.aesthetic force
Local Color:Term applied to literature which emphasizes its setting, being concerned with the character of a district or of an era, as marked by its customs, dialects, costumes, landscape or other peculiarities that have escaped standardizing cultural influences.The local color movement came into particular prominence in Am after the Civil War, perhaps as an attempt to recapture the glamour of a past era, or to portray the sections of the reunited country.In local color literature one finds the dual influence of romanticism and realism since the author frequently looks away from ordinary life to distant lands,strange customs, or exotic scenes, but retains through minute detail a sense of fidelity and accuracyof description.二．Beat Generation
The Beat Generation refers to a group of American post-WWII writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documented and inspired
Central elements of “Beat” culture included experimentation with drugs, alternative forms of sexuality, an interest in Eastern religion, a rejection of materialism, and the idealizing of exuberant, unexpurgated means of expression and being
三．symbol
A symbol is an object that represents, stands for, or suggests an , belief, action, or material.Symbols take the form of words, sounds, gestures, or visual images and are used to convey ideas and beliefs.For example, a red octagon may be a symbol for “STOP”.On a map, a picture of a tent might represent a campsite.are symbols for.Personal names are symbols representing individuals.A red rose symbolizes love and compassion
四．Code Hero
The Code Hero is typically an individualist and free-willed.Although he believes in the ideals of courage and honor he has his own set of morals and principles based on his beliefs in honor, courage and endurance.A code hero never shows emotions;showing emotions and having a commitment to women shows weakness.Qualities such as bravery, adventuresome and travel also define the Code Hero
五．Free verse
Free verse is an open form(see)of.It does not use consistentpatterns, , or any other musical pattern.It thus tends to follow the rhythm of natural speech.另
free verse(or, in French, vers libre), a kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular : the length of its lines is irregular, as is its use of rhyme—if any.Instead of a regular metrical pattern it uses more flexibleor rhythmic groupings, sometimes supported byand other devices of repetition.Now the most widely practised verse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the biblical Psalms and in some poems of Blake and Goethe, but established itself only in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with Walt Whitman, the French , and the poets of.Free verse should not be confused with , which does observe a regular metre in its unrhymed lines.六．Naturalism Naturalism is “the idea or belief that only(as opposed toor)laws and forces operate in the world;(occas.)the idea or belief that nothing exists beyond the natural world.”Adherents of naturalism(i.e.naturalists)assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that theis a product of these laws.naturalism, a more deliberate kind ofin novels, stories, and plays, usually involving a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social.As a literary movement, naturalism was
initiated in France by Jules and Edmond Goncourt with their novel Germinie Lacerteux(1865), but it came to be led by émile Zola, who claimed a ‘scientific’ status for his studies of impoverished characters miserably subjected to hunger, sexual obsession, and hereditary defects in Thérèse Raquin(1867), Germinal(1885), and many other novels.Naturalist fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity, offering detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society
七．American Puritanism
American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church.The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them.They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles.As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind.American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literature
Puritan Beliefs
1.Original Sin
Through Adam and Eve's fall, every person is born sinful.2.Predestination
Only a few are selected by God for salvation.3.Limited Atonement(贖罪)
Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone.4.Irresistible Grace
Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God.Puritanism
1.Idealismpracticality and purposiveness
八．Exposition
The exposition is the portion of athat introduces important background information to the audience;for example, information about the setting, events occurring before the main plot, characters' , etc.Exposition can be conveyed through dialogues, through a character's thoughts, through background details, throughmedia such as newspaper clippings, trial reports and letters, or through a narrator telling aor by establishing scenes where a character is followed.Exposition is considered one of fourof discourse, along with , , and
九．Imagery
our senses through imagery.Imagery is more incidental to a poem than metaphors, symbols and theme and they are often confused.Nevertheless, an image should conjure up something more than the mere mentioning of the object or situation.A mistake often made is to take every image as though it were a symbol or metaphor
第二篇：英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀（推薦）
文學(xué)體裁：詩(shī)歌poem 小說novel 戲劇drama Origin起源： Christianity 基督教 bible 圣經(jīng)
Myth 神話 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亞瑟王和他的騎士
一、The Anglo-Saxon period(449-1066)
1、這個(gè)時(shí)期的文學(xué)作品分類： pagan(異教徒)Christian(基督徒)
2、代表作：
3、Alliteration 押頭韻（寫作手法）
例子： of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period(1066-1350)Canto 詩(shī)章
1、romance 傳奇文學(xué)
2、代表作：
三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里.喬叟時(shí)期
1、“the founder of English poetry”（英國(guó)詩(shī)歌之父）
2、heroic couplet 英雄雙韻體：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑揚(yáng)格).3、代表作：
大致內(nèi)容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是來自英國(guó)的各地的人,代表著社會(huì)的各個(gè)不同階層和社會(huì)團(tuán)體
小說特點(diǎn)：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.這些敘述者以自己特色的方式講述自己的故事，無形中表明了各自的觀點(diǎn)，展示了各自的性格。小說觀點(diǎn)：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness.He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.他希望人們能從迷信和對(duì)命運(yùn)的盲從中解脫出來。
4、Popular Ballads 大眾民謠 ：A story holds in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed.Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.歌謠是匿名敘事歌曲,一直保存著口頭傳播的方式
代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托馬斯.帕希主教
代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 羅賓漢和阿林代爾
四、The Renaissance(16世紀(jì))文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期
（Greek and Roman）戲劇drama 詩(shī)章canto
The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences.文藝復(fù)興最初是指經(jīng)典藝術(shù)和科學(xué)在英國(guó)的復(fù)興。
The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英國(guó)，戲劇也得到了迅速的發(fā)展。
1、key word: humanism: admires human beauty and human achievement
2、代表人物：
1)、Thomas More 托馬斯.莫爾
2)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根 第一個(gè)散文家 3)、Thomas Wyatt 托馬斯.懷亞特 引入十四行詩(shī)的第一人
Sonnet(十四行詩(shī))：form of poetry intricately rhymed(間隔押韻)in 14 lines iambic pentameter 4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯賓塞 poet’s poet(詩(shī)人中的詩(shī)人)< The Fairy Queene>《仙后》(epic poem 史詩(shī))5)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.馬洛
blank verse(無韻體：不押韻的五步抑揚(yáng)格)是十六世紀(jì)英國(guó)戲劇的主要表現(xiàn)形式。
6)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亞 戲劇 drama 四大悲?。?Hamlet>(哈姆雷特)，
五、The period of Revolution and Restoration(17世紀(jì))資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命與王權(quán)復(fù)辟
prose 散文
1、文學(xué)特點(diǎn)：The Puritans believed in simplicity of life, disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry, breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚儉樸的生活、拒絕十四行詩(shī)和愛情詩(shī)、與舊思想脫離。
2、代表人物：
1)、John Donne 約翰.多恩 “metaphysical poets”(玄學(xué)派詩(shī)人)的代表人物
sonnet 十四行詩(shī) 《Death be not proud》
作品特點(diǎn)：① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦誠(chéng)的態(tài)度和現(xiàn)實(shí)描繪)
② novelty of subject matter and point(新穎的題材和視角)③ novelty of its form.(新穎的形式)
2)、John Milton 約翰.彌爾頓 a great poet 詩(shī)人（blank verse）
《失樂園》 “Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是壞人
《復(fù)樂園》
六、The Age of Enlightenment(18世紀(jì))啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)
prose 散文
1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.強(qiáng)調(diào)正確的格式和寫作規(guī)范，像艾迪生一樣創(chuàng)作散文，和蒲柏一樣創(chuàng)作詩(shī)歌。
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)際上是當(dāng)時(shí)先進(jìn)的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)同落后的封建主義斗爭(zhēng)的一種形式。
The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.啟蒙主義者顛覆了宗教所宣揚(yáng)的人類本惡的觀點(diǎn)；論證了人生誠(chéng)實(shí)而友善，而腐化墮落則是后天腐敗的社會(huì)環(huán)境所致。
Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.無論怎樣講究理性，社會(huì)不平等現(xiàn)象仍然普遍存在，理性的力量明顯不足。因此呼吁把情感的訴求作為一種謀求幸福和社會(huì)公平的手段。
2、18th century 文學(xué)的三個(gè)方面：Classicism(古典主義)、revival of romantic poetry(新興的浪漫主義詩(shī)歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(剛啟萌的現(xiàn)代派小說)
3、代表人物：
1)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾.笛福 realistic novel 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說
Novel：
2)、Jonathan Swift 喬納森.斯威夫特
作品特點(diǎn)：no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice;the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculous gets the better of him.努不動(dòng)顏，罵不揚(yáng)聲，語(yǔ)調(diào)冷酷，鋒芒暗藏，諷刺辛辣，僅在諷喻之情難以抑制時(shí)才偶露揶揄之態(tài)。
七、the Romantic Period(1798-1832)浪漫主義
散文 prose
1、前浪漫主義代表人物：William Blake 威廉.布萊克 詩(shī)人
Robert Burns 羅伯特.彭斯 蘇格蘭詩(shī)人
Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution 前浪漫主義極大地影響了工業(yè)革命和法國(guó)大革命。
2、教育意義Educational：liberty, equality and fraternity 自由，平等，博愛
3、開始的標(biāo)志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s
4、lake poets(湖畔派詩(shī)人)：Coleridge Southey Wordsworth
5、代表人物：
1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.華茲華斯 poet-laureate(桂冠詩(shī)人)
With S.T.coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”.與s.t.coleridge一起,聯(lián)合發(fā)表了“抒情民謠” 作品特點(diǎn)：simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 簡(jiǎn)單而純潔的語(yǔ)言,反傳統(tǒng)形式的18世紀(jì)詩(shī)歌
2)、Lord Byron 拜倫
3)、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪萊
《解放了的普羅米修斯》 drama 戲劇
4)、John Keats 濟(jì)慈 poet 詩(shī)人
第三篇：新編英國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史及選讀--第五章
第五章 文藝復(fù)興（1550--1642）1.歷史背景
經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的國(guó)外國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，英格蘭在伊麗莎白女王（1558--1603）統(tǒng)治下進(jìn)入了和平繁榮發(fā)展時(shí)期。伊麗莎白女王實(shí)行宗教寬容政策，維護(hù)了封建君主和正在上升的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)力量，及天主教與新教之間的平衡。
另一件鞏固英國(guó)君主立憲制、加速民族意識(shí)覺醒的大事件是1588年，英國(guó)海軍打敗了西班牙的海上無敵艦隊(duì)。多年來，西班牙就一直準(zhǔn)備攻打島國(guó)，這些攻擊性舉措還受到英格蘭天主教會(huì)的支持。當(dāng)西班牙艦隊(duì)來襲時(shí)，伊麗莎白女王早已安排好自己強(qiáng)大的軍艦隊(duì)迎戰(zhàn)。經(jīng)歷過這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，英國(guó)逐漸建立起了海上霸權(quán)。
2.圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)
英國(guó)新型的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)力量和新地主是圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)起者。新航路開辟后，英國(guó)商人通過東西方貿(mào)易獲得巨大利潤(rùn)。然而資產(chǎn)階級(jí)賺取利潤(rùn)的最大的領(lǐng)域是毛織業(yè)。英格蘭羊毛業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，英國(guó)為弗蘭德斯的織工提供羊毛。隨著羊毛需求量的擴(kuò)大，一些新貴族和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)占據(jù)大量的可耕地，并將這些可耕地變成草場(chǎng)，圈地養(yǎng)羊。大批農(nóng)民喪失了土地。許多農(nóng)民被迫離開自己的土地，遷居到城鎮(zhèn)里，靠出賣自身勞動(dòng)力生存。就這樣，分化出了兩大階級(jí)，資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和工人階級(jí)。3.人文主義
伊麗莎白統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，許多文人活躍在文學(xué)舞臺(tái)上。這一時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的才華橫溢的文人之多，是英國(guó)歷史上前所未有的。他們作為知識(shí)分子貢獻(xiàn)了自己的力量，同時(shí)也為文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。14世紀(jì)起源于意大利的文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)后來波及了法國(guó)、西班牙、荷蘭以及英國(guó)。這場(chǎng)文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)稱為文藝復(fù)興，其中心思想是人文精神。文藝復(fù)興（Renaissance）一詞源于法國(guó)，英語(yǔ)意思是“誕生（birth）”。在15、16世紀(jì)，西歐學(xué)家密切關(guān)注希臘和拉丁文化，這是古希臘羅馬文化多年被人遺忘后的重生。1453年，土耳其人奪取了君士坦丁堡，這個(gè)千年以來地中海的中心城市。君士坦丁堡落入土耳其人手中時(shí)，眾多希臘學(xué)者帶著自己的書籍逃到意大利，并在意大利大學(xué)中重新任職。在意大利求學(xué)的英國(guó)人將學(xué)到的新知識(shí)帶回英國(guó)牛津、劍橋大學(xué)，在這里古希臘羅馬文化散播到了各處。
隨著古希臘羅馬文化的散播，一群以人為本的人文主義涌現(xiàn)在文學(xué)界。他們反對(duì)神學(xué)的禁欲主義和來世觀念，提倡人們對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的追求；宗教方面，他們主張宗教改革；在文學(xué)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，他們反對(duì)中世紀(jì)神學(xué)抬高神、貶低人的觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)人的可貴。人文主義解放了天主教會(huì)對(duì)人類思想的束縛，為人類打開了新世界。
第四篇：英國(guó)文學(xué)大事記與文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)集萃
英國(guó)文學(xué)縱覽
一．英國(guó)文學(xué)大事記
1.The Medieval period : 450---1485
Anglo-saxon or Old English Period(450---1066): poetry in oral form
Anglo-Norman Period(1066---1340): romance
The 14th Century(1340---1400):Age of Chaucer
The 15th Century
2.The Renaissance Period(the late 15th century---1750s): Drama and poetry
The Renaissance Humanism The Elizabethan Age(1558-1603): the golden age of English poetry
3.The 17th Century
The Jacobean Age(1603-1625): the Metaphysical poetry The Caroline Period(1625-1649): the Cavalier poetry The Revolutionary period or The Puritan Age(1640---1660): Milton
The Period of Restoration(1660---1688): Age of Dryden
4.The 18th century: Age of Prose
The Enlightenment Movement
New-classicism（1700-1745）：The Augustan Age
Realism Sentimentalism
Preromanticism
二．文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)集萃
Alliteration or Head Rhyme or Initial Rhyme refers to the repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables—in any sequence of neighboring words.A Ballad is a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Romance is the prevailing literary form of literature in the Middle Ages(1000-1453).It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.Heroic Couplet is a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter lines.It was established by Chaucer as a major English verse-form for narrative and other kinds of non-dramatic poetry;it dominated English poetry of the 18th century notably in the poetry of Pope, before declining in importance in the early 19th century.The Ecologue was a classical form, practiced by Virgil and others;it represents usually in dialogue between shepherds, the moods and feeling and attitudes of the simple life.Essay is a literary form which can be defined as a short piece of expository prose.The purpose is to inform or explain rather than to dramatize or amuse.Its feature is brevity.New-classicism is a revival of classical standards of order, balance and harmony in literature in the 17th and 18th centuries in England.Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording life as it really is without sentimentalizing or idealizing it.It may be found as an element in the works of Chaucer or Defoe prior to the 19th century, but as a dominant trend in the novels of the middle-or lower class life in the 19th century
The Renaissance in England: Renaissance is the ?rebirth? of literature, art and learning that progressively transformed European culture from the mid-14th century in Italy to the mid-17th century in England, strongly influenced by the rediscovery of classical Greek and Latin literature, and accelerated by the development of printing.The Renaissance is commonly held to mark the close of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern Western world.In literary terms, the Renaissance may be seen as a new tradition running from Petrarch and Boccaccio in Italy to Jonson and Milton in England, embracing the work of Sidney, Spenser, and Shakespeare;it is marked by a new self-confidence in vernacular literatures, a flourishing of lyric poetry, and a revival of such classical forms as epic and pastoral literature.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout the Western Europe in the 18th century.It greatly influenced the English social life and literature.Generally speaking, the Enlightenment movement was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.The enlighteners fought against class in equality, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.They thought the chief means for improving society was “enlightenment” or “education” for the people.The English enlighteners fell into two groups: the moderate and the radical.The moderate includes: Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson and Dr.Johnson.The Radical includes such writers as Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, Tobias George Smollet, Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan.Spenserian stanza is a 9-line stanza form with the rhyme scheme of abab bcbc c, invented by Edmund Spenser.The first eight are iambic pentameter lines, and the last line is an iambic hexameter line.Pastoral, a highly conventional mode of writing that celebrates the innocent life of shepherds and shepherdesses in poems, plays, and prose romances.Pastoral literature describes the loves and sorrows of musical shepherds, usually in an idealized Golden Age of rustic innocence and idleness;paradoxically, it is an elaborately artificial cult of simplicity and virtuous frugality.Sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of 14 iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme.There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in English.The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet(named after the 14th century Italian poet Petrarch)comprises an octave(8 lines)rhyming abbaabba and a sestet(6 lines)rhyming cdecde or cdccdc.The transition from octave to sestet usually coincides with a ?turn? in the argument or mood of the poem.The English or Shakespearean sonnet(named after its greatest practitioner)comprises three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefefgg.The ?turn? comes with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve an epigram.There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Spenser linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee.There are three famous sonnet sequences in the Elizabethan Age----Spenser?s Amoretti, Shakespeare?s sonnets and Sidney?s Astrophel and Stella.Ballad stanza or Ballad metre, the usual form of the folk ballad and its literary imitations, consisting of a quatrain in which the first and third lines have four stresses while the second and fourth have three stresses.Usually only the second and fourth lines rhyme.The rhythm is basically iambic.The Metaphysical Poets: John Dryden said in his Discourse Concerning Satire(1693)that John Donne in his poetry “affects the metaphysics,” meaning that Donne employs the terminology and abstruse arguments of the medieval Scholastic philosophers.In 1779 Samuel Johnson extended the term “metaphysical” from Donne to a school of poets in his “Life of Cowley.” The name is now applied to a diverse group of 17th-century English poets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes and far-fetched imagery.The leading metaphysical poet was John Donne, whose colloquial, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics.Other poets to whom the label is applied include Andrew Marvell, Abraham Cowley, John Cleveland and the predominantly religious poets George Herbert, Henry Vaughan and Richard Crashaw.Conceit: an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets, in metaphysical poetry.Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox and oxymoron.Originally meaning a concept or image, conceit came to be the term for figures of speech which establish a striking parallel, usually ingeniously elaborate, between two very dissimilar things or situations.The Cavalier poets are a group of English lyric poets who were active, approximately, during the reign of Charles I(1625-1640).This group includes Richard Lovelace, Sir John Suckling, Robert Herrick, Thomas Carew, and Waller.These poets virtually abandoned the sonnet form which had been the favoured medium for love poems for a century.They were considerably influenced by Ben Jonson.Their lyrics are light, witty, elegant and, for the most part, concerned with love.They show much technical virtuosity.Carpe Diem: a tradition theme dating back to classical Greek and Latin poetry and particularly popular among the English Cavalier poets.Carpe Diem means, literally, “seize the day”, that is, “l(fā)ive for today.” The Carpe Diem theme is epitomized in a line from Robert Herrick?s “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time”: “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may.”
Blank verse is the verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.It is the verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of William Shakespeare and John Milton.Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation on the nature of death.An elegy is a type of lyric poem, usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or even melancholy in tone.Epitaph: an inscription on a gravestone or a short poem written in memory of someone who has died.Many epitaphs are actually epigrams, or short witty sayings, and are not intended for serious use as monument inscriptions.Pre-romanticism: a general term applied by modern literary historians to a number of developments in late 18th century culture that are thought to have prepared the ground of Romanticism in its full sense.In various ways, these are all departures from the orderly framework of neoclassicism and its authorized genres.A Song is a short lyric poem with distinct musical qualities, normally written to be set to music.It expresses a simple but intense emotion.Byron?s “She Walks in Beauty” is a song.Romanticism: a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century, beginning as a revote against classicism.There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.Many of the ideas of English Romanticism were first expressed by William Wordsworth and Samuel Talor Coleridge.It prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832.Romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata that were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism.They split into two groups because of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.The Passive Romantic poets or the Lake poets are represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.The Active or Revolutionary Romantic poets are represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats.Ode: a complex lyric poem of some length, dealing with a noble theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung.Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.Terza Rima: it is an Italian verse form consisting of a series of three-line stanzas in which the middle line of each stanza rhymes with the first and third lines of the following stanza as follows aba bcb cdc etc.Shelley?s “Ode to the West Wind” is partly written in terza rima.Dramatic Monologue: a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker?s life, and the dramatic monologue reveals the speaker?s personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem.The Victorian Period: the beginning of the Victorian Period is frequently dated from 1837 to 1901(the reign of Queen Victoria).Much writing of the period dealt with or reflected the pressing social, economic, religious and intellectual issues and problems of that era.Among the notable poets were Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti, Matthew Arnold and Gerard Manley Hopkins.The chief characteristics of the Victorian poetry are its moralizing tendencies, its overpadding of extra-poetic matter, and its traditional iambic pentameter.
第五篇：英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀 作家作品總結(jié)
注：加粗的部分是在老師課件里出現(xiàn)的那些作品。
1.Geoffrey Chaucer
The House of Fame ,Troilus and Criseyde,the Canterbury Tales,2.民謠主要在18世紀(jì)才被記錄或固定下來較為主要的是珀西主教的《古英詩(shī)拾遺》即Thomas Percy Reliques of Ancient English Poetry,和司各特的《蘇格蘭邊區(qū)歌謠集》即 Sir Walter Scott Minstrelsy of The Scottish Border,Wynkyn de Worde 出版了A Lytell Geste of Robin Hood, 另外比較著名的民謠有Chevy
Chase,The Battle of Otterburn, 書中講的是The Babes in the Wood, Robin hood and Allin-A-Dallin,3.William Shakespeare
歷史劇Henry VI, Richard III, Henry IV,喜劇A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night,悲劇Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth,傳奇劇Cymbeline, The Tempest, The Winter's Tale ,Troilus and Cressida,4.Francis Bacon
Advancement of Learning,Novum Organum,New Atlantics,Essays, the Colours of Good andEvil,the Meditations, of Studies,5.John Milton
L’Allegro, Il Penseroso, Comus, Lycidas, Areopagitica, Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio,Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio Secunda, Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes,6.John Bunyan
The Pilgrim’s Progress, The Life and Death of Mr.Badman,7.Daniel Defoe
Robinson Crusoe, Hymn to the Pillory, The Review, ,The Political History Of The DevilAn Essay On The History And Reality Of Apparitions（幽靈）Moll Flanders,Captain JackRoxanaA Journal of the Plague Year, 8.Jonathan SwiftThe Battle of Books, A Tale of a Tub, The Drapier’s Letters, A Modest
Proposal, Gulliver’s Travels,9．Alexander Pope
他翻譯了古希臘史詩(shī)Iliad, Odyssey, 發(fā)表了Pastorals,An Essay on Criticism, Windsor Forest, The Rape of the Lock,The Dunciad, Moral Essays, An Essay on Man, Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot,10.Henry FieldingThe Coffee-house Politician, Don Quixote in England, The Historical Register for the Year, The History of the Adventures of Joseph
Andrews,and of his Friend Mr.Abraham Adams, Amelia, The Life of Mr.Jonathan Wild the Great,Tragedy of Tragedies of Tom ThumbThe History of Tom Jones,a Foundling,The Female HusbandShamela
11.Samuel Johnson
雜志The Rambler,詞典A Dictionary of the English Language,散文Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets,小說Rasselas,詩(shī)歌Vanity of Human Wishes,The Life of Richard SavageLondon
12.Oliver Goldsmith
The Vicar of Wakefield,The Citizen of the World, 模仿孟德斯鳩的Les Letters Persanes, 的風(fēng)格The Deserted Village, She Stoops to Conquer,13.Richard Brinsley SheridanThe Rivals, The School for Scandal, St Patrick's Day(1775)The Duenna(1775)A Trip to Scarborough(1777)The Camp(1778)The Critic(1779)The Glorious First of June(1794)Pizarro(1799)
14.William Blake
Poetical Sketches, Songs of Innocence,詩(shī)集Songs of Experience,The French Revolution, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, America, Milton, Jerusalem,15.Samuel Richardson PamelaClarrissa Harlowe Sir Charles
Grandison16.Laurence SterneThe Life and Opinions of Tristram ShandyA
Sentimental Journey through France and Italy.15.George Eliot《Adam Bede》《The Mill on the Floss》《Silas Marner》《Middlemarche》《Felix Holt,the Radical》《Daniel Deronda》
16.William Makepeace ThackerayVanity fair, 它的subtitle 是A Novel without a Hero The Book of Snobs, The History of Pendennis, The History of Henry
Esmond, The Newcomes, Catherine, The Virginians, The Paris Sketch Book, The Irish Sketch-Book,17.Alfred TennysonThe Eagle, Poems by Two Brothers, Timbuctoo, The Princess, In Memoriam H.H., Maud, Enoch Arden, Idylls of the
King, Ulysses, Break, Break, Break, The Charge of the Light BrigadeTears,idle tears
18.Robert BrowningMen and Women,Collected Poems,Dramatic
Personae,The Ring and the Book》《Prospice》Paracelsus, Strafford, Pippa Passes, Dramatic Lyrics, Dramatic Romances and Lyrics, Home Thoughts, From Abroad,19.Mrs.BrowningSonnets from the Portuguese, The Cry of the Children,20.Charlotte BronteCharlotte's Jane Eyre, ,（Shirley）Emily's Wuthering Heights, Ann's Agnes Grey,21.George Gordon ByronTo EmmaHours of IdlenessChilde Haroid’s PilgramageThe CorsairShe Walks in Beauty
22.Percy Bysshe ShelleyOde to the West Wind, , TO a Skylark, ,The Masque of AnarchyQueen Mab, , The Necessity of Atheism, Prometheus Unbound, The Cenci, Song to the Men of England, England in 1819, A Defence of Poetry,23.Charles Dickens《American Notes, Martin Chuzzlewit, The old Curiosity Shop, Dombey and Son, Hard Times, A Tale of Two City, Great
Expectations, 《'Little Dorrit'》Oliver Twist, The Pickwick Papers, Bleak HouseNicholas Nickleby.David Copperfield, Great Expectations,24.William WordsworthI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, , 《Tintern Abbey, 》 《To the Cuckoo》,《My Heart Leaps up》,《To a Butterfly》《An Evening Walk》, 《 The Sparrow’s Nest.》《Lucy Poems, 》 《The Solitary Reaper》《The Old Cumberland Beggar》,《Michael》《To a Highland Girl》.Lyrical Ballads, It is “one of the revolutionary works of criticism,helping usher in the Romantic Age in
literature”O(jiān)de on Intimations of Immortality, Ode to Duty, The Excursion, The Prelude,25.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner,Kubla Khan,Chtristabel,Frost at Morning, Dejection: An Ode(沮喪）, EssaysBiographia Literaria, Lectures on Shakespeare.,26.Walter ScottIvanhoe, ,Rob Roy, ,The Lady of The Lake, Marmion, Guy Mannering, The Heart of
Midlothian, Kenilworth, Woodstock, Quentin Durward, Waverley,.27.Jane Austen《Sense and Sensibility》《Pride and Prejudice》《Emma》《Mansfield》《Persuasion》《Northanger》
28.Ernest JonesThe Wood Spirit, The Revolt of HindostanThe People's Paper, 'The Song of the Low, The Notes of the PeopleThe Battle Day,The Painter of Florence,The Emperor's Vigil,Beldagon Church' Corayda.29.John KeatsOde to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode on
Melancholy, Endymion, Isabella, The Eve of Saint Agnes, To Autumn, Hyperion,30.Robert BurnsPoems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, The Tree of Liberty, Scots Wha Hae, Holy Willie’s Prayer, My Heart’s in the Highlands, A Red, Red Rose, John Anderson,My JO, A Man’s A Man for That, Robert Bruce’s March to Bannockburn,
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